path: root/README

BIND 9

	BIND version 9 is a major rewrite of nearly all aspects of the
	underlying BIND architecture.  Some of the important features of
	BIND 9 are:

		- DNS Security
			DNSSEC (signed zones)
			TSIG (signed DNS requests)

		- IP version 6
			Answers DNS queries on IPv6 sockets
			IPv6 resource records (AAAA)
			Experimental IPv6 Resolver Library

		- DNS Protocol Enhancements
			IXFR, DDNS, Notify, EDNS0
			Improved standards conformance

		- Views
			One server process can provide multiple "views" of
			the DNS namespace, e.g. an "inside" view to certain
			clients, and an "outside" view to others.

		- Multiprocessor Support

		- Improved Portability Architecture


	BIND version 9 development has been underwritten by the following
	organizations:

		Sun Microsystems, Inc.
		Hewlett Packard
		Compaq Computer Corporation
		IBM
		Process Software Corporation
		Silicon Graphics, Inc.
		Network Associates, Inc.
		U.S. Defense Information Systems Agency
		USENIX Association
		Stichting NLnet - NLnet Foundation
		Nominum, Inc.

	For a summary of functional enhancements in previous
	releases, see the HISTORY file.

	For a detailed list of user-visible changes from
	previous releases, see the CHANGES file.

        For up-to-date release notes and errata, see
        http://www.isc.org/software/bind9/releasenotes

BIND 9.9.2

	BIND 9.9.2 is a maintenance release and patches the security
	flaw described in CVE-2012-4244.

BIND 9.9.1

	BIND 9.9.1 is a maintenance release.

BIND 9.9.0

	BIND 9.9.0 includes a number of changes from BIND 9.8 and earlier
	releases.  New features include:

        - Inline signing, allowing automatic DNSSEC signing of
          master zones without modification of the zonefile, or 
          "bump in the wire" signing in slaves.
        - NXDOMAIN redirection.
        - New 'rndc flushtree' command clears all data under a given
          name from the DNS cache.
        - New 'rndc sync' command dumps pending changes in a dynamic
          zone to disk without a freeze/thaw cycle.
        - New 'rndc signing' command displays or clears signing status
          records in 'auto-dnssec' zones.
        - NSEC3 parameters for 'auto-dnssec' zones can now be set prior
          to signing, eliminating the need to initially sign with NSEC.
        - Startup time improvements on large authoritative servers.
        - Slave zones are now saved in raw format by default.
        - Several improvements to response policy zones (RPZ).
        - Improved hardware scalability by using multiple threads
          to listen for queries and using finer-grained client locking
        - The 'also-notify' option now takes the same syntax as
          'masters', so it can used named masterlists and TSIG keys.
        - 'dnssec-signzone -D' writes an output file containing only DNSSEC
          data, which can be included by the primary zone file.
        - 'dnssec-signzone -R' forces removal of signatures that are
          not expired but were created by a key which no longer exists.
        - 'dnssec-signzone -X' allows a separate expiration date to
          be specified for DNSKEY signatures from other signatures.
        - New '-L' option to dnssec-keygen, dnssec-settime, and
          dnssec-keyfromlabel sets the default TTL for the key.
        - dnssec-dsfromkey now supports reading from standard input,
          to make it easier to convert DNSKEY to DS.
        - RFC 1918 reverse zones have been added to the empty-zones
          table per RFC 6303.
        - Dynamic updates can now optionally set the zone's SOA serial
          number to the current UNIX time.
        - DLZ modules can now retrieve the source IP address of
          the querying client.
        - 'request-ixfr' option can now be set at the per-zone level.
        - 'dig +rrcomments' turns on comments about DNSKEY records,
          indicating their key ID, algorithm and function
        - Simplified nsupdate syntax and added readline support

BIND 9.8.0

        BIND 9.8.0 includes a number of changes from BIND 9.7 and earlier
        releases.  New features include:

        - Built-in trust anchor for the root zone, which can be
          switched on via "dnssec-validation auto;"
        - Support for DNS64.
        - Support for response policy zones (RPZ).
        - Support for writable DLZ zones.
        - Improved ease of configuration of GSS/TSIG for
          interoperability with Active Directory
        - Support for GOST signing algorithm for DNSSEC.
        - Removed RTT Banding from server selection algorithm.
        - New "static-stub" zone type.
        - Allow configuration of resolver timeouts via
          "resolver-query-timeout" option.
	- The DLZ "dlopen" driver is now built by default.
	- Added a new include file with function typedefs
          for the DLZ "dlopen" driver.
	- Made "--with-gssapi" default.
	- More verbose error reporting from DLZ LDAP.


Building

	BIND 9 currently requires a UNIX system with an ANSI C compiler,
	basic POSIX support, and a 64 bit integer type.

	We've had successful builds and tests on the following systems:

		COMPAQ Tru64 UNIX 5.1B
		Fedora Core 6
		FreeBSD 4.10, 5.2.1, 6.2
		HP-UX 11.11
		Mac OS X 10.5
		NetBSD 3.x, 4.0-beta, 5.0-beta
		OpenBSD 3.3 and up
		Solaris 8, 9, 9 (x86), 10
		Ubuntu 7.04, 7.10
		Windows XP/2003/2008

        NOTE:  As of BIND 9.5.1, 9.4.3, and 9.3.6, older versions of
        Windows, including Windows NT and Windows 2000, are no longer
        supported.

	We have recent reports from the user community that a supported
	version of BIND will build and run on the following systems:

		AIX 4.3, 5L
		CentOS 4, 4.5, 5
		Darwin 9.0.0d1/ARM
		Debian 4, 5, 6
		Fedora Core 5, 7, 8
		FreeBSD 6, 7, 8
		HP-UX 11.23 PA
		MacOS X 10.5, 10.6, 10.7
		Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4, 5, 6
		SCO OpenServer 5.0.6
		Slackware 9, 10
		SuSE 9, 10

	To build, just

		./configure
		make

	Do not use a parallel "make".

	Several environment variables that can be set before running
	configure will affect compilation:

	    CC
		The C compiler to use.	configure tries to figure
		out the right one for supported systems.

	    CFLAGS
		C compiler flags.  Defaults to include -g and/or -O2
		as supported by the compiler.  Please include '-g'
		if you need to set CFLAGS.

	    STD_CINCLUDES
		System header file directories.	 Can be used to specify
		where add-on thread or IPv6 support is, for example.
		Defaults to empty string.

	    STD_CDEFINES
		Any additional preprocessor symbols you want defined.
		Defaults to empty string.

		Possible settings:
		Change the default syslog facility of named/lwresd.
		  -DISC_FACILITY=LOG_LOCAL0	
		Enable DNSSEC signature chasing support in dig.
		  -DDIG_SIGCHASE=1 (sets -DDIG_SIGCHASE_TD=1 and
				    -DDIG_SIGCHASE_BU=1)
		Disable dropping queries from particular well known ports.
		  -DNS_CLIENT_DROPPORT=0
	        Sibling glue checking in named-checkzone is enabled by default.
		To disable the default check set.  -DCHECK_SIBLING=0
		named-checkzone checks out-of-zone addresses by default.
		To disable this default set.  -DCHECK_LOCAL=0
		To create the default pid files in ${localstatedir}/run rather
		than ${localstatedir}/run/{named,lwresd}/ set.
		  -DNS_RUN_PID_DIR=0
		Enable workaround for Solaris kernel bug about /dev/poll
		  -DISC_SOCKET_USE_POLLWATCH=1
		  The watch timeout is also configurable, e.g.,
		  -DISC_SOCKET_POLLWATCH_TIMEOUT=20

	    LDFLAGS
		Linker flags. Defaults to empty string.

	The following need to be set when cross compiling.

	    BUILD_CC
		The native C compiler.
	    BUILD_CFLAGS (optional)
	    BUILD_CPPFLAGS (optional)
		Possible Settings:
		-DNEED_OPTARG=1		(optarg is not declared in <unistd.h>)
	    BUILD_LDFLAGS (optional)
	    BUILD_LIBS (optional)

	To build shared libraries, specify "--with-libtool" on the
	configure command line.

	For the server to support DNSSEC, you need to build it
	with crypto support.  You must have OpenSSL 0.9.5a
	or newer installed and specify "--with-openssl" on the
	configure command line.  If OpenSSL is installed under
	a nonstandard prefix, you can tell configure where to
	look for it using "--with-openssl=/prefix".

	On some platforms it is necessary to explictly request large
	file support to handle files bigger than 2GB.  This can be
	done by "--enable-largefile" on the configure command line.

	On some platforms, BIND 9 can be built with multithreading
	support, allowing it to take advantage of multiple CPUs.
	You can specify whether to build a multithreaded BIND 9 
	by specifying "--enable-threads" or "--disable-threads"
	on the configure command line.  The default is operating
	system dependent.

        Support for the "fixed" rrset-order option can be enabled
        or disabled by specifying "--enable-fixed-rrset" or
        "--disable-fixed-rrset" on the configure command line.
        The default is "disabled", to reduce memory footprint.

	If your operating system has integrated support for IPv6, it
	will be used automatically.  If you have installed KAME IPv6
	separately, use "--with-kame[=PATH]" to specify its location.

	"make install" will install "named" and the various BIND 9 libraries.
	By default, installation is into /usr/local, but this can be changed
	with the "--prefix" option when running "configure".

	You may specify the option "--sysconfdir" to set the directory 
	where configuration files like "named.conf" go by default,
	and "--localstatedir" to set the default parent directory
	of "run/named.pid".   For backwards compatibility with BIND 8,
	--sysconfdir defaults to "/etc" and --localstatedir defaults to
	"/var" if no --prefix option is given.  If there is a --prefix
	option, sysconfdir defaults to "$prefix/etc" and localstatedir
	defaults to "$prefix/var".

	To see additional configure options, run "configure --help".
	Note that the help message does not reflect the BIND 8 
	compatibility defaults for sysconfdir and localstatedir.

	If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source, you
	should also "make depend".  If you're using Emacs, you might find
	"make tags" helpful.

	If you need to re-run configure please run "make distclean" first.
	This will ensure that all the option changes take.

	Building with gcc is not supported, unless gcc is the vendor's usual
	compiler (e.g. the various BSD systems, Linux).
	
	Known compiler issues:
	* gcc-3.2.1 and gcc-3.1.1 is known to cause problems with solaris-x86.
	* gcc prior to gcc-3.2.3 ultrasparc generates incorrect code at -02.
	* gcc-3.3.5 powerpc generates incorrect code at -02.
	* Irix, MipsPRO 7.4.1m is known to cause problems.

	A limited test suite can be run with "make test".  Many of
	the tests require you to configure a set of virtual IP addresses
	on your system, and some require Perl; see bin/tests/system/README
	for details.

	SunOS 4 requires "printf" to be installed to make the shared
	libraries.  sh-utils-1.16 provides a "printf" which compiles
	on SunOS 4.

Known limitations

	Linux requires kernel build 2.6.39 or later to get the
	performance benefits from using multiple sockets.

Documentation

	The BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual is included with the
	source distribution in DocBook XML and HTML format, in the
	doc/arm directory.

	Some of the programs in the BIND 9 distribution have man pages
	in their directories.  In particular, the command line
	options of "named" are documented in /bin/named/named.8.
	There is now also a set of man pages for the lwres library.

	If you are upgrading from BIND 8, please read the migration
	notes in doc/misc/migration.  If you are upgrading from
	BIND 4, read doc/misc/migration-4to9.

	Frequently asked questions and their answers can be found in
	FAQ.

        Additional information on various subjects can be found
        in the other README files.


Change Log

	A detailed list of all changes to BIND 9 is included in the 
	file CHANGES, with the most recent changes listed first.
	Change notes include tags indicating the category of the
	change that was made; these categories are:

	   [func]	  New feature

	   [bug]	  General bug fix

	   [security]	  Fix for a significant security flaw

	   [experimental] Used for new features when the syntax
	   		  or other aspects of the design are still
			  in flux and may change

	   [port]	  Portability enhancement

	   [maint]	  Updates to built-in data such as root
			  server addresses and keys

	   [tuning]	  Changes to built-in configuration defaults
	   		  and constants to improve performanceo

	   [protocol]	  Updates to the DNS protocol such as new
			  RR types

           [test]         Changes to the automatic tests, not
                          affecting server functionality

           [cleanup]      Minor corrections and refactoring

	   [doc]	  Documentation

	In general, [func] and [experimental] tags will only appear
	in new-feature releases (i.e., those with version numbers
	ending in zero).  Some new functionality may be backported to
	older releases on a case-by-case basis.  All other change
	types may be applied to all currently-supported releases.


Bug Reports and Mailing Lists

	Bugs reports should be sent to

		bind9-bugs@isc.org

	To join the BIND Users mailing list, send mail to

		bind-users-request@isc.org

	archives of which can be found via

		http://www.isc.org/ops/lists/

	If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source
	code, you might want to join the BIND Workers mailing list.
	Send mail to

		bind-workers-request@isc.org