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diff --git a/doc/coreutils.info b/doc/coreutils.info index 0ee5f7d8..27bba641 100644 --- a/doc/coreutils.info +++ b/doc/coreutils.info @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -This is coreutils.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from -coreutils.texi. +This is doc/coreutils.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from +./doc/coreutils.texi. INFO-DIR-SECTION Basics START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY @@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * cat: (coreutils)cat invocation. Concatenate and write files. * chcon: (coreutils)chcon invocation. Change SELinux CTX of files. * chgrp: (coreutils)chgrp invocation. Change file groups. -* chmod: (coreutils)chmod invocation. Change file permissions. -* chown: (coreutils)chown invocation. Change file owners/groups. +* chmod: (coreutils)chmod invocation. Change access permissions. +* chown: (coreutils)chown invocation. Change file owners and groups. * chroot: (coreutils)chroot invocation. Specify the root directory. * cksum: (coreutils)cksum invocation. Print POSIX CRC checksum. * comm: (coreutils)comm invocation. Compare sorted files by line. @@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * nl: (coreutils)nl invocation. Number lines and write files. * nohup: (coreutils)nohup invocation. Immunize to hangups. * nproc: (coreutils)nproc invocation. Print the number of processors. +* numfmt: (coreutils)numfmt invocation. Reformat numbers. * od: (coreutils)od invocation. Dump files in octal, etc. * paste: (coreutils)paste invocation. Merge lines of files. * pathchk: (coreutils)pathchk invocation. Check file name portability. @@ -86,7 +87,6 @@ START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * stat: (coreutils)stat invocation. Report file(system) status. * stdbuf: (coreutils)stdbuf invocation. Modify stdio buffering. * stty: (coreutils)stty invocation. Print/change terminal settings. -* su: (coreutils)su invocation. Modify user and group ID. * sum: (coreutils)sum invocation. Print traditional checksum. * sync: (coreutils)sync invocation. Synchronize memory and disk. * tac: (coreutils)tac invocation. Reverse files. @@ -113,10 +113,10 @@ START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * yes: (coreutils)yes invocation. Print a string indefinitely. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY - This manual documents version 8.17 of the GNU core utilities, + This manual documents version 8.21 of the GNU core utilities, including the standard programs for text and file manipulation. - Copyright (C) 1994-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright (C) 1994-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, @@ -131,10 +131,10 @@ File: coreutils.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Up: (dir) GNU Coreutils ************* -This manual documents version 8.17 of the GNU core utilities, including +This manual documents version 8.21 of the GNU core utilities, including the standard programs for text and file manipulation. - Copyright (C) 1994-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Copyright (C) 1994-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ the standard programs for text and file manipulation. * User information:: id logname whoami groups users who * System context:: date arch nproc uname hostname hostid uptime * SELinux context:: chcon runcon -* Modified command invocation:: chroot env nice nohup stdbuf su timeout +* Modified command invocation:: chroot env nice nohup stdbuf timeout * Process control:: kill * Delaying:: sleep * Numeric operations:: factor seq @@ -205,9 +205,12 @@ Output of entire files Formatting file contents * fmt invocation:: Reformat paragraph text +* numfmt invocation:: Reformat numbers * pr invocation:: Paginate or columnate files for printing * fold invocation:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width +`numfmt': General Options, Units + Output of parts of files * head invocation:: Output the first part of files @@ -409,7 +412,6 @@ Modified command invocation * nice invocation:: Run a command with modified niceness * nohup invocation:: Run a command immune to hangups * stdbuf invocation:: Run a command with modified I/O buffering -* su invocation:: Run a command with substitute user and group ID * timeout invocation:: Run a command with a time limit Process control @@ -437,13 +439,14 @@ Date input formats * General date syntax:: Common rules * Calendar date items:: 19 Dec 1994 * Time of day items:: 9:20pm -* Time zone items:: EST, PDT, GMT +* Time zone items:: EST, PDT, UTC, ... +* Combined date and time of day items:: 1972-09-24T20:02:00,000000-0500 * Day of week items:: Monday and others * Relative items in date strings:: next tuesday, 2 years ago * Pure numbers in date strings:: 19931219, 1440 * Seconds since the Epoch:: @1078100502 * Specifying time zone rules:: TZ="America/New_York", TZ="UTC0" -* Authors of parse_datetime:: Bellovin, Eggert, Salz, Berets, et al +* Authors of parse_datetime:: Bellovin, Eggert, Salz, Berets, et al. Opening the software toolbox @@ -577,8 +580,8 @@ unusual platforms as POSIX requires only that it be nonzero. However, some of the programs documented here do produce other exit status values and a few associate different meanings with the values `0' and `1'. Here are some of the exceptions: `chroot', `env', `expr', -`nice', `nohup', `printenv', `sort', `stdbuf', `su', `test', `timeout', -`tty'. +`nice', `nohup', `numfmt', `printenv', `sort', `stdbuf', `test', +`timeout', `tty'. File: coreutils.info, Node: Backup options, Next: Block size, Prev: Exit status, Up: Common options @@ -815,7 +818,7 @@ File: coreutils.info, Node: Signal specifications, Next: Disambiguating names A SIGNAL may be a signal name like `HUP', or a signal number like `1', or an exit status of a process terminated by the signal. A signal name can be given in canonical form or prefixed by `SIG'. The case of the -letters is ignored. The following signal names and numbers are +letters is ignored. The following signal names and numbers are supported on all POSIX compliant systems: `HUP' @@ -1124,7 +1127,7 @@ there are so few legitimate uses for such a command, GNU `rm' normally declines to operate on any directory that resolves to `/'. If you really want to try to remove all the files on your system, you can use the `--no-preserve-root' option, but the default behavior, specified by -the `--preserve-option', is safer for most purposes. +the `--preserve-root' option, is safer for most purposes. The commands `chgrp', `chmod' and `chown' can also operate destructively on entire hierarchies, so they too support these options. @@ -1317,19 +1320,24 @@ options::. `-r' `--regex' - Treat the separator string as a regular expression. Users of `tac' - on MS-DOS/MS-Windows should note that, since `tac' reads files in - binary mode, each line of a text file might end with a CR/LF pair - instead of the Unix-style LF. + Treat the separator string as a regular expression. `-s SEPARATOR' `--separator=SEPARATOR' Use SEPARATOR as the record separator, instead of newline. + On systems like MS-DOS that distinguish between text and binary +files, `tac' reads and writes in binary mode. + An exit status of zero indicates success, and a nonzero value indicates failure. + Example: + + # Reverse a file character by character. + tac -r -s 'x\|[^x]' + File: coreutils.info, Node: nl invocation, Next: od invocation, Prev: tac invocation, Up: Output of entire files @@ -1539,7 +1547,7 @@ options::. zero byte (ASCII NUL). Prefixes and suffixes on BYTES are interpreted as for the `-j' option. - If N is omitted with `--strings', the default is 3. + If BYTES is omitted with `--strings', the default is 3. `-t TYPE' `--format=TYPE' @@ -1733,11 +1741,12 @@ These commands reformat the contents of files. * Menu: * fmt invocation:: Reformat paragraph text. +* numfmt invocation:: Reformat numbers. * pr invocation:: Paginate or columnate files for printing. * fold invocation:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width. -File: coreutils.info, Node: fmt invocation, Next: pr invocation, Up: Formatting file contents +File: coreutils.info, Node: fmt invocation, Next: numfmt invocation, Up: Formatting file contents 4.1 `fmt': Reformat paragraph text ================================== @@ -1816,9 +1825,292 @@ options::. indicates failure. -File: coreutils.info, Node: pr invocation, Next: fold invocation, Prev: fmt invocation, Up: Formatting file contents +File: coreutils.info, Node: numfmt invocation, Next: pr invocation, Prev: fmt invocation, Up: Formatting file contents + +4.2 `numfmt': Reformat numbers +============================== + +`numfmt' reads numbers in various representations and reformats them as +requested. The most common usage is converting numbers to/from _human_ +representation (e.g. `4G' ==> `4,000,000,000'). + + numfmt [OPTION]... [NUMBER] + + `numfmt' converts each NUMBER on the command-line according to the +specified options (see below). If no NUMBERs are given, it reads +numbers from standard input. `numfmt' can optionally extract numbers +from specific columns, maintaining proper line padding and alignment. + + An exit status of zero indicates success, and a nonzero value +indicates failure. + + See `--invalid' for additional information regarding exit status. + +4.2.1 General options +--------------------- + +The program accepts the following options. Also see *note Common +options::. + +`--debug' + Print (to standard error) warning messages about possible + erroneous usage. + +`-d D' +`--delimiter=D' + Use the character D as input field separator (default: whitespace). + _Note_: Using non-default delimiter turns off automatic padding. + +`--field=N' + Convert the number in input field N (default: 1). + +`--format=FORMAT' + Use printf-style floating FORMAT string. The FORMAT string must + contain one `%f' directive, optionally with `'', `-', or width + modifiers. The `'' modifier will enable `--grouping', the `-' + modifier will enable left-aligned `--padding' and the width + modifier will enable right-aligned `--padding'. + +`--from=UNIT' + Auto-scales input numbers according to UNIT. See UNITS below. + The default is no scaling, meaning suffixes (e.g. `M', `G') will + trigger an error. + +`--from-unit=N' + Specify the input unit size (instead of the default 1). Use this + option when the input numbers represent other units (e.g. if the + input number `10' represents 10 units of 512 bytes, use + `--from=unit=512'). + +`--grouping' + Group digits in output numbers according to the current locale's + grouping rules (e.g _Thousands Separator_ character, commonly `.' + (dot) or `,' comma). This option has no effect in `POSIX/C' + locale. + +`--header[=N]' + Print the first N (default: 1) lines without any conversion. + +`--invalid=MODE' + The default action on input errors is to exit immediately with + status code 2. `--invalid=`abort'' explicitly specifies this + default mode. With a MODE of `fail', print a warning for _each_ + conversion error, and exit with status 2. With a MODE of `warn', + exit with status 0, even in the presence of conversion errors, and + with a MODE of `ignore' do not even print diagnostics. + +`--padding=N' + Pad the output numbers to N characters, by adding spaces. If N is + a positive number, numbers will be right-aligned. If N is a + negative number, numbers will be left-aligned. By default, + numbers are automatically aligned based on the input line's width + (only with the default delimiter). + +`--round=METHOD' + When converting number representations, round the number according + to METHOD, which can be `up', `down', `from-zero' (the default), + `towards-zero', `nearest'. + +`--suffix=SUFFIX' + Add `SUFFIX' to the output numbers, and accept optional `SUFFIX' in + input numbers. + +`--to=UNIT' + Auto-scales output numbers according to UNIT. See _Units_ below. + The default is no scaling, meaning all the digits of the number + are printed. + +`--to-unit=N' + Specify the output unit size (instead of the default 1). Use this + option when the output numbers represent other units (e.g. to + represent `4,000,000' bytes in blocks of 1KB, use `--to=si + --to=units=1000'). + + +4.2.2 Possible UNITs: +--------------------- + +The following are the possible UNIT options with `--from=UNITS' and +`--to=UNITS': + +NONE + No scaling is performed. For input numbers, no suffixes are + accepted, and any trailing characters following the number will + trigger an error. For output numbers, all digits of the numbers + will be printed. + +SI + Auto-scale numbers according to the _International System of Units + (SI)_ standard. For input numbers, accept one of the following + suffixes. For output numbers, values larger than 1000 will be + rounded, and printed with one of the following suffixes: + + `K' => 1000^1 = 10^3 (Kilo) + `M' => 1000^2 = 10^6 (Mega) + `G' => 1000^3 = 10^9 (Giga) + `T' => 1000^4 = 10^12 (Tera) + `P' => 1000^5 = 10^15 (Peta) + `E' => 1000^6 = 10^18 (Exa) + `Z' => 1000^7 = 10^21 (Zetta) + `Y' => 1000^8 = 10^24 (Yotta) + +IEC + Auto-scale numbers according to the _International Electronical + Commission (IEC)_ standard. For input numbers, accept one of the + following suffixes. For output numbers, values larger than 1024 + will be rounded, and printed with one of the following suffixes: + + `K' => 1024^1 = 2^10 (Kibi) + `M' => 1024^2 = 2^20 (Mebi) + `G' => 1024^3 = 2^30 (Gibi) + `T' => 1024^4 = 2^40 (Tebi) + `P' => 1024^5 = 2^50 (Pebi) + `E' => 1024^6 = 2^60 (Exbi) + `Z' => 1024^7 = 2^70 (Zebi) + `Y' => 1024^8 = 2^80 (Yobi) + + The `iec' option uses a single letter suffix (e.g. `G'), which is + not fully standard, as the _iec_ standard recommends a two-letter + symbol (e.g `Gi') - but in practice, this method common. Compare + with the `iec-i' option. + +IEC-I + Auto-scale numbers according to the _International Electronical + Commission (IEC)_ standard. For input numbers, accept one of the + following suffixes. For output numbers, values larger than 1024 + will be rounded, and printed with one of the following suffixes: + + `Ki' => 1024^1 = 2^10 (Kibi) + `Mi' => 1024^2 = 2^20 (Mebi) + `Gi' => 1024^3 = 2^30 (Gibi) + `Ti' => 1024^4 = 2^40 (Tebi) + `Pi' => 1024^5 = 2^50 (Pebi) + `Ei' => 1024^6 = 2^60 (Exbi) + `Zi' => 1024^7 = 2^70 (Zebi) + `Yi' => 1024^8 = 2^80 (Yobi) + + The `iec-i' option uses a two-letter suffix symbol (e.g. `Gi'), as + the _iec_ standard recommends, but this is not always common in + practice. Compare with the `iec' option. + +AUTO + `auto' can only be used with `--from'. With this method, numbers + with `K',`M',`G',`T',`P',`E',`Z',`Y' suffixes are interpreted as + _SI_ values, and numbers with `Ki', + `Mi',`Gi',`Ti',`Pi',`Ei',`Zi',`Yi' suffixes are interpreted as + _IEC_ values. + + +4.2.3 Examples of using `numfmt' +-------------------------------- + +Converting a single number from/to _human_ representation: + $ nunfmt --to=si 500000 + 500K + + $ numfmt --to=iec 500000 + 489K + + $ numfmt --to=iec-i 500000 + 489Ki + + $ numfmt --from=si 1M + 1000000 + + $ numfmt --from=iec 1M + 1048576 + + # with '--from=auto', M=Mega, Mi=Mebi + $ numfmt --from=auto 1M + 1000000 + $ numfmt --from=auto 1Mi + 1048576 + + Converting from `SI' to `IEC' scales (e.g. when a harddisk capacity +is advertised as `1TB', while checking the drive's capacity gives lower +values): + + $ numfmt --from=si --to=iec 1T + 932G + + Converting a single field from an input file / piped input (these +contrived examples are for demonstration purposes only, as both `ls' and +`df' support the `--human-readable' option to output sizes in +human-readable format): + + # Third field (file size) will be shown in SI representation + $ ls -log | numfmt --field 3 --header --to=si | head -n4 + -rw-r--r-- 1 94K Aug 23 2011 ABOUT-NLS + -rw-r--r-- 1 3.7K Jan 7 16:15 AUTHORS + -rw-r--r-- 1 36K Jun 1 2011 COPYING + -rw-r--r-- 1 0 Jan 7 15:15 ChangeLog + + # Second field (size) will be shown in IEC representation + $ df --block-size=1 | numfmt --field 2 --header --to=iec | head -n4 + File system 1B-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on + rootfs 132G 104741408 26554036 80% / + tmpfs 794M 7580 804960 1% /run/shm + /dev/sdb1 694G 651424756 46074696 94% /home + + Output can be tweaked using `--padding' or `--format': + + # Pad to 10 characters, right-aligned + $ du -s * | numfmt --to=si --padding=10 + 2.5K config.log + 108 config.status + 1.7K configure + 20 configure.ac + + # Pad to 10 characters, left-aligned + $ du -s * | numfmt --to=si --padding=-10 + 2.5K config.log + 108 config.status + 1.7K configure + 20 configure.ac + + # Pad to 10 characters, left-aligned, using 'format' + $ du -s * | numfmt --to=si --format="%10f" + 2.5K config.log + 108 config.status + 1.7K configure + 20 configure.ac + + # Pad to 10 characters, left-aligned, using 'format' + $ du -s * | numfmt --to=si --padding="%-10f" + 2.5K config.log + 108 config.status + 1.7K configure + 20 configure.ac + + With locales that support grouping digits, using `--grouping' or +`--format' enables grouping. In `POSIX' locale, grouping is silently +ignored: + + $ LC_ALL=C numfmt --from=iec --grouping 2G + 2147483648 + + $ LC_ALL=en_US.utf8 numfmt --from=iec --grouping 2G + 2,147,483,648 + + $ LC_ALL=ta_IN numfmt --from=iec --grouping 2G + 2,14,74,83,648 + + $ LC_ALL=C ./src/numfmt --from=iec --format="==%'15f==" 2G + == 2147483648== + + $ LC_ALL=en_US.utf8 ./src/numfmt --from=iec --format="==%'15f==" 2G + == 2,147,483,648== + + $ LC_ALL=en_US.utf8 ./src/numfmt --from=iec --format="==%'-15f==" 2G + ==2,147,483,648 == + + $ LC_ALL=ta_IN ./src/numfmt --from=iec --format="==%'15f==" 2G + == 2,14,74,83,648== + + +File: coreutils.info, Node: pr invocation, Next: fold invocation, Prev: numfmt invocation, Up: Formatting file contents -4.2 `pr': Paginate or columnate files for printing +4.3 `pr': Paginate or columnate files for printing ================================================== `pr' writes each FILE (`-' means standard input), or standard input if @@ -1849,25 +2141,6 @@ PAGE_WIDTH (default 72), unless you use the `-J' option. For single column output no line truncation occurs by default. Use `-W' option to truncate lines in that case. - The following changes were made in version 1.22i and apply to later -versions of `pr': - Brian - * Some small LETTER OPTIONS (`-s', `-w') have been redefined for - better POSIX compliance. The output of some further cases has - been adapted to other Unix systems. These changes are not - compatible with earlier versions of the program. - - * Some NEW CAPITAL LETTER options (`-J', `-S', `-W') have been - introduced to turn off unexpected interferences of small letter - options. The `-N' option and the second argument LAST_PAGE of - `+FIRST_PAGE' offer more flexibility. The detailed handling of - form feeds set in the input files requires the `-T' option. - - * Capital letter options override small letter ones. - - * Some of the option-arguments (compare `-s', `-e', `-i', `-n') - cannot be specified as separate arguments from the preceding - option letter (already stated in the POSIX specification). - The program accepts the following options. Also see *note Common options::. @@ -2091,7 +2364,7 @@ indicates failure. File: coreutils.info, Node: fold invocation, Prev: pr invocation, Up: Formatting file contents -4.3 `fold': Wrap input lines to fit in specified width +4.4 `fold': Wrap input lines to fit in specified width ====================================================== `fold' writes each FILE (`-' means standard input), or standard input @@ -2532,7 +2805,7 @@ options::. specify `-a' to allow suffixes beyond `99'. `--additional-suffix=SUFFIX' - Append an additional SUFFIX to output file names. SUFFIX must not + Append an additional SUFFIX to output file names. SUFFIX must not contain slash. `-e' @@ -3012,6 +3285,15 @@ options::. consistent with the associated MD5 checksums, exit successfully. Otherwise exit with a status code indicating there was a failure. +`--tag' + Output BSD style checksums, which indicate the checksum algorithm + used. As a GNU extension, file names with problematic characters + are escaped as described above, with the same escaping indicator + of `\' at the start of the line, being used. The `--tag' option + implies binary mode, and is disallowed with `--text' mode as + supporting that would unnecessarily complicate the output format, + while providing little benefit. + `-t' `--text' Treat each input file as text, by reading it in text mode and @@ -3019,7 +3301,7 @@ options::. option is the default on systems like GNU that do not distinguish between binary and text files. On other systems, it is the default for reading standard input when standard input is a - terminal. + terminal. This mode is never defaulted to if `--tag' is used. `-w' `--warn' @@ -3183,7 +3465,7 @@ scripts should specify global options first. The `LC_CTYPE' locale determines character types. When used with `--unique' those lower case equivalent lines are thrown away. (There is currently no way to throw away the upper case equivalent - instead. (Any `--reverse' given would only affect the final + instead. (Any `--reverse' given would only affect the final result, after the throwing away.)) `-g' @@ -3460,7 +3742,7 @@ scripts should specify global options first. `-z' `--zero-terminated' Delimit items with a zero byte rather than a newline (ASCII LF). - I.E. treat input as items separated by ASCII NUL and terminate + I.e., treat input as items separated by ASCII NUL and terminate output items with ASCII NUL. This option can be useful in conjunction with `perl -0' or `find -print0' and `xargs -0' which do the same in order to reliably handle arbitrary file names (even @@ -3600,7 +3882,7 @@ syntax, it can use a test like `if sort -k 1 </dev/null >/dev/null names that contain blanks or other special characters are not broken up by the sort operation. - * Use the common DSU (Decorate Sort Undecorate) idiom to sort lines + * Use the common DSU, Decorate Sort Undecorate idiom to sort lines according to their length. awk '{print length, $0}' /etc/passwd | sort -n | cut -f2- -d' ' @@ -3676,7 +3958,7 @@ modes: `-z' `--zero-terminated' Delimit items with a zero byte rather than a newline (ASCII LF). - I.E. treat input as items separated by ASCII NUL and terminate + I.e., treat input as items separated by ASCII NUL and terminate output items with ASCII NUL. This option can be useful in conjunction with `perl -0' or `find -print0' and `xargs -0' which do the same in order to reliably handle arbitrary file names (even @@ -3838,7 +4120,7 @@ options::. `-z' `--zero-terminated' Delimit items with a zero byte rather than a newline (ASCII LF). - I.E. treat input as items separated by ASCII NUL and terminate + I.e., treat input as items separated by ASCII NUL and terminate output items with ASCII NUL. This option can be useful in conjunction with `perl -0' or `find -print0' and `xargs -0' which do the same in order to reliably handle arbitrary file names (even @@ -4305,9 +4587,9 @@ differences between this program and System V `ptx'. * All 256 bytes, even ASCII NUL bytes, are always read and processed from input file with no adverse effect, even if GNU extensions are - disabled. However, System V `ptx' does not accept 8-bit characters, - a few control characters are rejected, and the tilde `~' is also - rejected. + disabled. However, System V `ptx' does not accept 8-bit + characters, a few control characters are rejected, and the tilde + `~' is also rejected. * Input line length is only limited by available memory, even if GNU extensions are disabled. However, System V `ptx' processes only @@ -4726,10 +5008,10 @@ options::. `-e STRING' Replace those output fields that are missing in the input with - STRING. I.E. missing fields specified with the `-12jo' options. + STRING. I.e., missing fields specified with the `-12jo' options. `--header' - Treat the first line of each input file as a header line. The + Treat the first line of each input file as a header line. The header lines will be joined and printed as the first output line. If `-o' is used to specify output format, the header line will be printed according to the specified format. The header lines will @@ -6290,9 +6572,11 @@ options::. #!/bin/sh # Usage: backup FILE... # Create a GNU-style backup of each listed FILE. + fail=0 for i; do - cp --backup --force -- "$i" "$i" + cp --backup --force --preserve=all -- "$i" "$i" || fail=1 done + exit $fail `--copy-contents' If copying recursively, copy the contents of any special files @@ -6317,7 +6601,7 @@ options::. `--force' When copying without this option and an existing destination file cannot be opened for writing, the copy fails. However, with - `--force'), when a destination file cannot be opened, `cp' then + `--force', when a destination file cannot be opened, `cp' then removes it and tries to open it again. Contrast this behavior with that enabled by `--link' and `--symbolic-link', whereby the destination file is never opened but rather is removed @@ -6327,8 +6611,8 @@ options::. This option is independent of the `--interactive' or `-i' option: neither cancels the effect of the other. - This option is redundant if the `--no-clobber' or `-n' option is - used. + This option is ignored when the `--no-clobber' or `-n' option is + also used. `-H' If a command line argument specifies a symbolic link, then copy the @@ -6339,7 +6623,7 @@ options::. `-i' `--interactive' When copying a file other than a directory, prompt whether to - overwrite an existing destination file. The `-i' option overrides + overwrite an existing destination file. The `-i' option overrides a previous `-n' option. `-l' @@ -6355,8 +6639,8 @@ options::. `-n' `--no-clobber' - Do not overwrite an existing file. The `-n' option overrides a - previous `-i' option. This option is mutually exclusive with `-b' + Do not overwrite an existing file. The `-n' option overrides a + previous `-i' option. This option is mutually exclusive with `-b' or `--backup' option. `-P' @@ -6417,8 +6701,9 @@ options::. Preserve extended attributes of the file, or fail with full diagnostics. If `cp' is built without xattr support, ignore this option. If SELinux context, ACLs or Capabilities are - implemented using xattrs, they are preserved by this option - as well. + implemented using xattrs, they are preserved implicitly by + this option as well, i.e., even without specifying + `--preserve=mode' or `--preserve=context'. `all' Preserve all file attributes. Equivalent to specifying all @@ -6467,10 +6752,10 @@ options::. `--reflink[=WHEN]' Perform a lightweight, copy-on-write (COW) copy, if supported by - the file system. Once it has succeeded, beware that the source and - destination files share the same disk data blocks as long as they - remain unmodified. Thus, if a disk I/O error affects data blocks - of one of the files, the other suffers the same fate. + the file system. Once it has succeeded, beware that the source + and destination files share the same disk data blocks as long as + they remain unmodified. Thus, if a disk I/O error affects data + blocks of one of the files, the other suffers the same fate. The WHEN value can be one of the following: @@ -6597,7 +6882,8 @@ conversions on it. Synopses: dd OPTION The only options are `--help' and `--version'. *Note Common -options::. `dd' accepts the following operands. +options::. `dd' accepts the following operands, whose syntax was +inspired by the DD (data definition) statement of OS/360 JCL. `if=FILE' Read from FILE instead of standard input. @@ -6641,11 +6927,25 @@ options::. `dd' accepts the following operands. Copy N `ibs'-byte blocks from the input file, instead of everything until the end of the file. if `iflag=count_bytes' is specified, N is interpreted as a byte count rather than a block - count. + count. Note if the input may return short reads as could be the + case when reading from a pipe for example, `iflag=fullblock' will + ensure that `count=' corresponds to complete input blocks rather + than the traditional POSIX specified behavior of counting input + read operations. + +`status=WHICH' + Transfer information is normally output to stderr upon receipt of + the `INFO' signal or when `dd' exits. Specifying WHICH will + identify which information to suppress. + + `noxfer' + Do not print the transfer rate and volume statistics that + normally make up the last status line. + + `none' + Do not print any informational messages to stderr. Error + messages are output as normal. -`status=noxfer' - Do not print the overall transfer rate and volume statistics that - normally make up the third status line when `dd' exits. `conv=CONVERSION[,CONVERSION]...' Convert the file as specified by the CONVERSION argument(s). (No @@ -6841,7 +7141,11 @@ options::. `dd' accepts the following operands. Accumulate full blocks from input. The `read' system call may return early if a full block is not available. When that happens, continue calling `read' to fill the remainder of the - block. This flag can be used only with `iflag'. + block. This flag can be used only with `iflag'. This flag + is useful with pipes for example as they may return short + reads. In that case, this flag is needed to ensure that a + `count=' argument is interpreted as a block count rather than + a count of read operations. `count_bytes' Interpret the `count=' operand as a byte count, rather than a @@ -6870,9 +7174,9 @@ options::. `dd' accepts the following operands. affected file descriptors, even after `dd' exits. - The numeric-valued strings above (BYTES and BLOCKS) can be followed -by a multiplier: `b'=512, `c'=1, `w'=2, `xM'=M, or any of the standard -block size suffixes like `k'=1024 (*note Block size::). + The numeric-valued strings above (N and BYTES) can be followed by a +multiplier: `b'=512, `c'=1, `w'=2, `xM'=M, or any of the standard block +size suffixes like `k'=1024 (*note Block size::). Any block size you specify via `bs=', `ibs=', `obs=', `cbs=' should not be too large--values larger than a few megabytes are generally @@ -7208,6 +7512,10 @@ the contents are truly unrecoverable, consider using `shred'. The program accepts the following options. Also see *note Common options::. +`-d' +`--dir' + Remove the listed directories if they are empty. + `-f' `--force' Ignore nonexistent files and missing operands, and never prompt @@ -7339,7 +7647,7 @@ this assumption. Exceptions include: * Log-structured or journaled file systems, such as those supplied with AIX and Solaris, and JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3 (in - `data=journal' mode), BFS, NTFS, etc. when they are configured to + `data=journal' mode), BFS, NTFS, etc., when they are configured to journal _data_. * File systems that write redundant data and carry on even if some @@ -7356,7 +7664,7 @@ this assumption. Exceptions include: In the particular case of ext3 file systems, the above disclaimer applies (and `shred' is thus of limited effectiveness) only in `data=journal' mode, which journals file data in addition to just -metadata. In both the `data=ordered' (default) and `data=writeback' +metadata. In both the `data=ordered' (default) and `data=writeback' modes, `shred' works as usual. Ext3 journaling modes can be changed by adding the `data=something' option to the mount options for a particular file system in the `/etc/fstab' file, as documented in the @@ -7397,7 +7705,7 @@ options::. `-NUMBER' `-n NUMBER' `--iterations=NUMBER' - By default, `shred' uses 3 passes of overwrite. You can reduce + By default, `shred' uses 3 passes of overwrite. You can reduce this to save time, or increase it if you think it's appropriate. After 25 passes all of the internal overwrite patterns will have been used at least once. @@ -7923,18 +8231,18 @@ File: coreutils.info, Node: readlink invocation, Next: rmdir invocation, Prev `readlink' may work in one of two supported modes: `Readlink mode' - `readlink' outputs the value of the given symbolic link. If + `readlink' outputs the value of the given symbolic links. If `readlink' is invoked with an argument other than the name of a symbolic link, it produces no output and exits with a nonzero exit code. `Canonicalize mode' - `readlink' outputs the absolute name of the given file which - contains no `.', `..' components nor any repeated separators (`/') + `readlink' outputs the absolute name of the given files which + contain no `.', `..' components nor any repeated separators (`/') or symbolic links. - readlink [OPTION] FILE + readlink [OPTION]... FILE... By default, `readlink' operates in readlink mode. @@ -7962,7 +8270,8 @@ options::. `-n' `--no-newline' - Do not output the trailing newline. + Do not print the output delimiter, when a single FILE is specified. + Print a warning if specified along with multiple FILEs. `-s' `-q' @@ -7974,6 +8283,10 @@ options::. `--verbose' Report error messages. +`-z' +`--zero' + Separate output items with NUL characters. + The `readlink' utility first appeared in OpenBSD 2.1. @@ -8066,13 +8379,13 @@ timestamps, and other information. Collectively, we call these a file's * Menu: +* chown invocation:: Change file owners and groups. * chgrp invocation:: Change file groups. * chmod invocation:: Change access permissions. -* chown invocation:: Change file owners and groups. * touch invocation:: Change file timestamps. -File: coreutils.info, Node: chown invocation, Next: touch invocation, Prev: chmod invocation, Up: Changing file attributes +File: coreutils.info, Node: chown invocation, Next: chgrp invocation, Up: Changing file attributes 13.1 `chown': Change file owner and group ========================================= @@ -8242,7 +8555,7 @@ indicates failure. chown -hR root /u -File: coreutils.info, Node: chgrp invocation, Next: chmod invocation, Up: Changing file attributes +File: coreutils.info, Node: chgrp invocation, Next: chmod invocation, Prev: chown invocation, Up: Changing file attributes 13.2 `chgrp': Change group ownership ==================================== @@ -8336,7 +8649,7 @@ indicates failure. chgrp -hR staff /u -File: coreutils.info, Node: chmod invocation, Next: chown invocation, Prev: chgrp invocation, Up: Changing file attributes +File: coreutils.info, Node: chmod invocation, Next: touch invocation, Prev: chgrp invocation, Up: Changing file attributes 13.3 `chmod': Change access permissions ======================================= @@ -8411,7 +8724,7 @@ options::. indicates failure. -File: coreutils.info, Node: touch invocation, Prev: chown invocation, Up: Changing file attributes +File: coreutils.info, Node: touch invocation, Prev: chmod invocation, Up: Changing file attributes 13.4 `touch': Change file timestamps ==================================== @@ -8544,8 +8857,8 @@ options::. time. If the year is specified with only two digits, then CC is 20 for years in the range 0 ... 68, and 19 for years in 69 ... 99. If no digits of the year are specified, the argument is - interpreted as a date in the current year. Note that SS may be - `60', to accommodate leap seconds. + interpreted as a date in the current year. On the atypical + systems that support leap seconds, SS may be `60'. On older systems, `touch' supports an obsolete syntax, as follows. @@ -8601,6 +8914,17 @@ on the file system containing each argument FILE. can be overridden (*note Block size::). Non-integer quantities are rounded up to the next higher unit. + For bind mounts and without arguments, `df' only outputs the +statistics for that device with the shortest mount point name in the +list of file systems (MTAB), i.e., it hides duplicate entries, unless +the `-a' option is specified. + + With the same logic, `df' elides a mount entry of a dummy pseude +device if there is another mount entry of a real block device for that +mount point with the same device number, e.g. the early-boot pseudo +file system `rootfs' is not shown per default when already the real +root device has been mounted. + If an argument FILE is a disk device file containing a mounted file system, `df' shows the space available on that file system rather than on the file system containing the device node (i.e., the root file @@ -8628,6 +8952,11 @@ options::. processed. This can be used to find out the total disk size, usage and available space of all listed devices. + For the grand total line, `df' prints `"total"' into the SOURCE + column, and `"-"' into the TARGET column. If there is no SOURCE + column (see `--output'), then `df' prints `"total"' into the + TARGET column, if present. + `-h' `--human-readable' Append a size letter to each size, such as `M' for mebibytes. @@ -8660,6 +8989,68 @@ options::. disks, but on some systems (notably SunOS) the results may be slightly out of date. This is the default. +`--output' +`--output[=FIELD_LIST]' + Use the output format defined by FIELD_LIST, or print all fields if + FIELD_LIST is omitted. In the latter case, the order of the + columns conforms to the order of the field descriptions below. + + The use of the `--output' together with each of the options `-i', + `-P', and `-T' is mutually exclusive. + + FIELD_LIST is a comma-separated list of columns to be included in + `df''s output and therefore effectively controls the order of + output columns. Each field can thus be used at the place of + choice, but yet must only be used once. + + Valid field names in the FIELD_LIST are: + `source' + The source of the mount point, usually a device. + + `fstype' + File system type. + + `itotal' + Total number of inodes. + + `iused' + Number of used inodes. + + `iavail' + Number of available inodes. + + `ipcent' + Percentage of IUSED divided by ITOTAL. + + `size' + Total number of blocks. + + `used' + Number of used blocks. + + `avail' + Number of available blocks. + + `pcent' + Percentage of USED divided by SIZE. + + `target' + The mount point. + + The fields for block and inodes statistics are affected by the + scaling options like `-h' as usual. + + The definition of the FIELD_LIST can even be splitted among several + `--output' uses. + + #!/bin/sh + # Print the TARGET (i.e., the mount point) along with their percentage + # statistic regarding the blocks and the inodes. + df --out=target --output=pcent,ipcent + + # Print all available fields. + df --o + `-P' `--portability' Use the POSIX output format. This is like the default format @@ -8740,6 +9131,11 @@ generated, so you can inspect the exit status of a command like `df -t ext3 -t reiserfs DIR' to test whether DIR is on a file system of type `ext3' or `reiserfs'. + Since the list of file systems (MTAB) is needed to determine the +file system type, failure includes the cases when that list cannot be +read and one or more of the options `-a', `-l', `-t' or `-x' is used +together with a file name argument. + File: coreutils.info, Node: du invocation, Next: stat invocation, Prev: df invocation, Up: Disk usage @@ -8764,6 +9160,13 @@ counted, and changing the argument order may change the numbers that The program accepts the following options. Also see *note Common options::. +`-0' +`--null' + Output a zero byte (ASCII NUL) at the end of each line, rather + than a newline. This option enables other programs to parse the + output of `du' even when that output would contain data with + embedded newlines. + `-a' `--all' Show counts for all files, not just directories. @@ -8784,15 +9187,15 @@ options::. has an apparent size of 2 GiB, yet on most modern systems, it actually uses almost no disk space. -`-b' -`--bytes' - Equivalent to `--apparent-size --block-size=1'. - `-B SIZE' `--block-size=SIZE' Scale sizes by SIZE before printing them (*note Block size::). For example, `-BG' prints sizes in units of 1,073,741,824 bytes. +`-b' +`--bytes' + Equivalent to `--apparent-size --block-size=1'. + `-c' `--total' Print a grand total of all arguments after all arguments have been @@ -8806,6 +9209,12 @@ options::. the disk usage of directories, such as `/usr/tmp', which are often symbolic links. +`-d DEPTH' +`--max-depth=DEPTH' + Show the total for each directory (and file if -all) that is at + most MAX_DEPTH levels down from the root of the hierarchy. The + root is at level 0, so `du --max-depth=0' is equivalent to `du -s'. + `--files0-from=FILE' Disallow processing files named on the command line, and instead process those named in file FILE; each name being terminated by a @@ -8819,6 +9228,9 @@ options::. FILE is `-' then the ASCII NUL terminated file names are read from standard input. +`-H' + Equivalent to `--dereference-args' (`-D'). + `-h' `--human-readable' Append a size letter to each size, such as `M' for mebibytes. @@ -8826,25 +9238,22 @@ options::. This option is equivalent to `--block-size=human-readable'. Use the `--si' option if you prefer powers of 1000. -`-H' - Equivalent to `--dereference-args' (`-D'). - `-k' Print sizes in 1024-byte blocks, overriding the default block size (*note Block size::). This option is equivalent to `--block-size=1K'. -`-l' -`--count-links' - Count the size of all files, even if they have appeared already - (as a hard link). - `-L' `--dereference' Dereference symbolic links (show the disk space used by the file or directory that the link points to instead of the space used by the link). +`-l' +`--count-links' + Count the size of all files, even if they have appeared already + (as a hard link). + `-m' Print sizes in 1,048,576-byte blocks, overriding the default block size (*note Block size::). This option is equivalent to @@ -8855,19 +9264,14 @@ options::. For each symbolic links encountered by `du', consider the disk space used by the symbolic link. -`-d DEPTH' - -`--max-depth=DEPTH' - Show the total for each directory (and file if -all) that is at - most MAX_DEPTH levels down from the root of the hierarchy. The - root is at level 0, so `du --max-depth=0' is equivalent to `du -s'. - -`-0' -`--null' - Output a zero byte (ASCII NUL) at the end of each line, rather - than a newline. This option enables other programs to parse the - output of `du' even when that output would contain data with - embedded newlines. +`-S' +`--separate-dirs' + Normally, in the output of `du' (when not using `--summarize'), + the size listed next to a directory name, D, represents the sum of + sizes of all entries beneath D as well as the size of D itself. + With `--separate-dirs', the size reported for a directory name, D, + is merely the `stat.st_size'-derived size of the directory entry, + D. `--si' Append an SI-style abbreviation to each size, such as `M' for @@ -8880,14 +9284,34 @@ options::. `--summarize' Display only a total for each argument. -`-S' -`--separate-dirs' - Normally, in the output of `du' (when not using `--summarize'), - the size listed next to a directory name, D, represents the sum of - sizes of all entries beneath D as well as the size of D itself. - With `--separate-dirs', the size reported for a directory name, D, - is merely the `stat.st_size'-derived size of the directory entry, - D. +`-t SIZE' +`--threshold=SIZE' + Exclude entries based on a given SIZE (*note Block size::). + + If SIZE is positive, then `du' will only print entries with a size + greater than or equal to that. + + If SIZE is negative, then `du' will only print entries with a size + smaller than or equal to that. + + Although GNU `find' can be used to find files of a certain size, + `du''s `--threshold' option can be used to also filter directories + based on a given size. + + Please note that the `--threshold' option can be combined with the + `--apparent-size' option, and in this case would elide entries + based on its apparent size. + + Here's how you would use `--threshold' to find directories with a + size greater than or equal to 200 megabytes: + + du --threshold=200MB + + Here's how you would use `--threshold' to find directories and + files - note the `-a' - with an apparent size smaller than or + equal to 500 bytes: + + du -a -t -500 --apparent-size `--time' Show time of the most recent modification of any file in the @@ -8941,21 +9365,21 @@ options::. begins with `posix-' the `posix-' is ignored; and if `TIME_STYLE' is `locale' it is ignored. -`-x' -`--one-file-system' - Skip directories that are on different file systems from the one - that the argument being processed is on. +`-X FILE' +`--exclude-from=FILE' + Like `--exclude', except take the patterns to exclude from FILE, + one per line. If FILE is `-', take the patterns from standard + input. `--exclude=PATTERN' When recursing, skip subdirectories or files matching PATTERN. For example, `du --exclude='*.o'' excludes files whose names end in `.o'. -`-X FILE' -`--exclude-from=FILE' - Like `--exclude', except take the patterns to exclude from FILE, - one per line. If FILE is `-', take the patterns from standard - input. +`-x' +`--one-file-system' + Skip directories that are on different file systems from the one + that the argument being processed is on. On BSD systems, `du' reports sizes that are half the correct values @@ -9186,7 +9610,7 @@ File: coreutils.info, Node: truncate invocation, Prev: sync invocation, Up: D ==================================================== `truncate' shrinks or extends the size of each FILE to the specified -size. Synopsis: +size. Synopsis: truncate OPTION... FILE... @@ -10061,7 +10485,7 @@ file named `dvd.sha1'. Note, however, that this example relies on a feature of modern shells called "process substitution" (the `>(command)' syntax, above; *Note -Process Substitution: (bashref)Process Substitution.), so it works with +Process Substitution: (bash)Process Substitution.), so it works with `zsh', `bash', and `ksh', but not with `/bin/sh'. So if you write code like this in a shell script, be sure to start the script with `#!/bin/bash'. @@ -10689,6 +11113,9 @@ Control settings: `crtscts' Enable RTS/CTS flow control. Non-POSIX. May be negated. +`cdtrdsr' + Enable DTR/DSR flow control. Non-POSIX. May be negated. + File: coreutils.info, Node: Input, Next: Output, Prev: Control, Up: stty invocation @@ -10740,7 +11167,7 @@ These settings control operations on data received from the terminal. `iuclc' Translate uppercase characters to lowercase. Non-POSIX. May be - negated. Note ilcuc is not implemented, as one would not be able + negated. Note ilcuc is not implemented, as one would not be able to issue almost any (lowercase) Unix command, after invoking it. `ixany' @@ -10764,7 +11191,7 @@ These settings control operations on data sent to the terminal. `olcuc' Translate lowercase characters to uppercase. Non-POSIX. May be - negated. (Note ouclc is not currently implemented.) + negated. (Note ouclc is not currently implemented.) `ocrnl' Translate carriage return to newline. Non-POSIX. May be negated. @@ -11094,7 +11521,7 @@ options::. `-0' `--null' Output a zero byte (ASCII NUL) at the end of each line, rather - than a newline. This option enables other programs to parse the + than a newline. This option enables other programs to parse the output of `printenv' even when that output would contain data with embedded newlines. @@ -11792,7 +12219,7 @@ options::. 14:19:13.489392193 +0530"' specifies the instant of time that is 489,392,193 nanoseconds after February 27, 2004 at 2:19:13 PM in a time zone that is 5 hours and 30 minutes east of UTC. - Note: input currently must be in locale independent format. E.g., + Note: input currently must be in locale independent format. E.g., the LC_TIME=C below is needed to print back the correct date in many locales: date -d "$(LC_TIME=C date)" @@ -11890,7 +12317,8 @@ options::. Use Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) by operating as if the `TZ' environment variable were set to the string `UTC0'. Coordinated Universal Time is often called "Greenwich Mean Time" (GMT) for - historical reasons. + historical reasons. Typically, systems ignore leap seconds and + thus implement an approximation to UTC rather than true UTC. File: coreutils.info, Node: Examples of date, Up: date invocation @@ -11996,6 +12424,31 @@ option in the previous section. date -u -d '1970-01-01 946684800 seconds' +"%Y-%m-%d %T %z" 2000-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 + * Typically the seconds count omits leap seconds, but some systems + are exceptions. Because leap seconds are not predictable, the + mapping between the seconds count and a future timestamp is not + reliable on the atypical systems that include leap seconds in + their counts. + + Here is how the two kinds of systems handle the leap second at + 2012-06-30 23:59:60 UTC: + + # Typical systems ignore leap seconds: + date --date='2012-06-30 23:59:59 +0000' +%s + 1341100799 + date --date='2012-06-30 23:59:60 +0000' +%s + date: invalid date '2012-06-30 23:59:60 +0000' + date --date='2012-07-01 00:00:00 +0000' +%s + 1341100800 + + # Atypical systems count leap seconds: + date --date='2012-06-30 23:59:59 +0000' +%s + 1341100823 + date --date='2012-06-30 23:59:60 +0000' +%s + 1341100824 + date --date='2012-07-01 00:00:00 +0000' +%s + 1341100825 + File: coreutils.info, Node: arch invocation, Next: nproc invocation, Prev: date invocation, Up: System context @@ -12227,9 +12680,14 @@ RFILE. The program accepts the following options. Also see *note Common options::. +`--dereference' + Do not affect symbolic links but what they refer to; this is the + default. + `-h' `--no-dereference' - Affect symbolic links instead of any referenced file. + Affect the symbolic links themselves instead of any referenced + file. `--reference=RFILE' Use RFILE's security context rather than specifying a CONTEXT @@ -12239,6 +12697,15 @@ options::. `--recursive' Operate on files and directories recursively. +`--preserve-root' + Refuse to operate recursively on the root directory, `/', when + used together with the `--recursive' option. *Note Treating / + specially::. + +`--no-preserve-root' + Do not treat the root directory, `/', specially when operating + recursively; this is the default. *Note Treating / specially::. + `-H' If `--recursive' (`-R') is specified and a command line argument is a symbolic link to a directory, traverse it. *Note Traversing @@ -12345,7 +12812,6 @@ user, etc. * nice invocation:: Modify niceness. * nohup invocation:: Immunize to hangups. * stdbuf invocation:: Modify buffering of standard streams. -* su invocation:: Modify user and group ID. * timeout invocation:: Run with time limit. @@ -12505,7 +12971,7 @@ options::. Options must precede operands. `-0' `--null' Output a zero byte (ASCII NUL) at the end of each line, rather - than a newline. This option enables other programs to parse the + than a newline. This option enables other programs to parse the output of `env' even when that output would contain data with embedded newlines. @@ -12535,8 +13001,9 @@ File: coreutils.info, Node: nice invocation, Next: nohup invocation, Prev: en 23.3 `nice': Run a command with modified niceness ================================================= -`nice' prints or modifies a process's "niceness", a parameter that -affects whether the process is scheduled favorably. Synopsis: +`nice' prints a process's "niceness", or runs a command with modified +niceness. "niceness" affects how favorably the process is scheduled in +the system. Synopsis: nice [OPTION]... [COMMAND [ARG]...] @@ -12548,8 +13015,8 @@ By default, its niceness is incremented by 10. and gets more resources, thus slowing down other processes) through 19 (process has lower priority and runs slowly itself, but has less impact on the speed of other running processes). Some systems may have a -wider range of nicenesses; conversely, other systems may enforce more -restrictive limits. An attempt to set the niceness outside the +wider range of niceness values; conversely, other systems may enforce +more restrictive limits. An attempt to set the niceness outside the supported range is treated as an attempt to use the minimum or maximum supported value. @@ -12571,6 +13038,9 @@ unadorned `nice' interactively or in a script may get you different functionality than that described here. Invoke it via `env' (i.e., `env nice ...') to avoid interference from the shell. + Note to change the "niceness" of an existing process, one needs to +use the `renice' command. + The program accepts the following option. Also see *note Common options::. Options must precede operands. @@ -12689,7 +13159,7 @@ options::. Options must precede operands. instead of 125. -File: coreutils.info, Node: stdbuf invocation, Next: su invocation, Prev: nohup invocation, Up: Modified command invocation +File: coreutils.info, Node: stdbuf invocation, Next: timeout invocation, Prev: nohup invocation, Up: Modified command invocation 23.5 `stdbuf': Run a command with modified I/O stream buffering =============================================================== @@ -12763,118 +13233,9 @@ options::. the exit status of COMMAND otherwise -File: coreutils.info, Node: su invocation, Next: timeout invocation, Prev: stdbuf invocation, Up: Modified command invocation - -23.6 `su': Run a command with substitute user and group ID -========================================================== - -`su' allows one user to temporarily become another user. It runs a -command (often an interactive shell) with the real and effective user -ID, group ID, and supplemental groups of a given USER. Synopsis: - - su [OPTION]... [USER [ARG]...] - - If no USER is given, the default is `root', the super-user. The -shell to use is taken from USER's `passwd' entry, or `/bin/sh' if none -is specified there. If USER has a password, `su' prompts for the -password unless run by a user with effective user ID of zero (the -super-user). - - By default, `su' does not change the current directory. It sets the -environment variables `HOME' and `SHELL' from the password entry for -USER, and if USER is not the super-user, sets `USER' and `LOGNAME' to -USER. By default, the shell is not a login shell. - - Any additional ARGs are passed as additional arguments to the shell. - - GNU `su' does not treat `/bin/sh' or any other shells specially -(e.g., by setting `argv[0]' to `-su', passing `-c' only to certain -shells, etc.). - - `su' can optionally be compiled to use `syslog' to report failed, -and optionally successful, `su' attempts. (If the system supports -`syslog'.) However, GNU `su' does not check if the user is a member of -the `wheel' group; see below. - - The program accepts the following options. Also see *note Common -options::. - -`-c COMMAND' -`--command=COMMAND' - Pass COMMAND, a single command line to run, to the shell with a - `-c' option instead of starting an interactive shell. - -`-f' -`--fast' - Pass the `-f' option to the shell. This probably only makes sense - if the shell run is `csh' or `tcsh', for which the `-f' option - prevents reading the startup file (`.cshrc'). With Bourne-like - shells, the `-f' option disables file name pattern expansion - (globbing), which is not likely to be useful. - -`-' -`-l' -`--login' - Make the shell a login shell. This means the following. Unset all - environment variables except `TERM', `HOME', and `SHELL' (which - are set as described above), and `USER' and `LOGNAME' (which are - set, even for the super-user, as described above), and set `PATH' - to a compiled-in default value. Change to USER's home directory. - Prepend `-' to the shell's name, intended to make it read its - login startup file(s). - -`-m' -`-p' -`--preserve-environment' - Do not change the environment variables `HOME', `USER', `LOGNAME', - or `SHELL'. Run the shell given in the environment variable - `SHELL' instead of the shell from USER's passwd entry, unless the - user running `su' is not the super-user and USER's shell is - restricted. A "restricted shell" is one that is not listed in the - file `/etc/shells', or in a compiled-in list if that file does not - exist. Parts of what this option does can be overridden by - `--login' and `--shell'. - -`-s SHELL' -`--shell=SHELL' - Run SHELL instead of the shell from USER's passwd entry, unless - the user running `su' is not the super-user and USER's shell is - restricted (see `-m' just above). - - - Exit status: - - 125 if `su' itself fails - 126 if subshell is found but cannot be invoked - 127 if subshell cannot be found - the exit status of the subshell otherwise +File: coreutils.info, Node: timeout invocation, Prev: stdbuf invocation, Up: Modified command invocation -23.6.1 Why GNU `su' does not support the `wheel' group ------------------------------------------------------- - -(This section is by Richard Stallman.) - - Sometimes a few of the users try to hold total power over all the -rest. For example, in 1984, a few users at the MIT AI lab decided to -seize power by changing the operator password on the Twenex system and -keeping it secret from everyone else. (I was able to thwart this coup -and give power back to the users by patching the kernel, but I wouldn't -know how to do that in Unix.) - - However, occasionally the rulers do tell someone. Under the usual -`su' mechanism, once someone learns the root password who sympathizes -with the ordinary users, he or she can tell the rest. The "wheel -group" feature would make this impossible, and thus cement the power of -the rulers. - - I'm on the side of the masses, not that of the rulers. If you are -used to supporting the bosses and sysadmins in whatever they do, you -might find this idea strange at first. - - -File: coreutils.info, Node: timeout invocation, Prev: su invocation, Up: Modified command invocation - -23.7 `timeout': Run a command with a time limit +23.6 `timeout': Run a command with a time limit =============================================== `timeout' runs the given COMMAND and kills it if it is still running @@ -12888,6 +13249,12 @@ built-in utilities::). The program accepts the following options. Also see *note Common options::. Options must precede operands. +`--preserve-status' + Return the exit status of the managed COMMAND on timeout, rather + than a specific exit status indicating a timeout. This is useful + if the managed COMMAND supports running for an indeterminite + amount of time. + `--foreground' Don't create a separate background program group, so that the managed COMMAND can use the foreground TTY normally. This is @@ -12912,8 +13279,8 @@ options::. Options must precede operands. `-s SIGNAL' `--signal=SIGNAL' Send this SIGNAL to COMMAND on timeout, rather than the default - `TERM' signal. SIGNAL may be a name like `HUP' or a number. *Note - Signal specifications::. + `TERM' signal. SIGNAL may be a name like `HUP' or a number. + *Note Signal specifications::. DURATION is a floating point number followed by an optional unit: `s' for seconds (the default) @@ -13210,10 +13577,14 @@ depending on your floating-point implementation. *Note Floating point::. A common case is that `seq' works with integers through 2^64, and larger integers may not be numerically correct: - $ seq 18446744073709551616 1 18446744073709551618 - 18446744073709551616 - 18446744073709551616 - 18446744073709551618 + $ seq 50000000000000000000 2 50000000000000000004 + 50000000000000000000 + 50000000000000000000 + 50000000000000000004 + + However, note that when limited to non-negative whole numbers, an +increment of 1 and no format-specifying option, seq can print +arbitrarily large numbers. Be careful when using `seq' with outlandish values: otherwise you may see surprising results, as `seq' uses floating point internally. @@ -13806,7 +14177,7 @@ First, a quote: future, last Tuesday or a week from Sunday, with feelings of helpless confusion. ... - -- Robert Grudin, `Time and the Art of Living'. + --Robert Grudin, `Time and the Art of Living'. This section describes the textual date representations that GNU programs accept. These are the strings you, as a user, can supply as @@ -13818,8 +14189,8 @@ arguments to the various programs. The C interface (via the * General date syntax:: Common rules. * Calendar date items:: 19 Dec 1994. * Time of day items:: 9:20pm. -* Time zone items:: EST, PDT, GMT. -* Combined date and time of day items:: 1972-09-24T20:02:00,000000-0500 +* Time zone items:: EST, PDT, UTC, ... +* Combined date and time of day items:: 1972-09-24T20:02:00,000000-0500. * Day of week items:: Monday and others. * Relative items in date strings:: next tuesday, 2 years ago. * Pure numbers in date strings:: 19931219, 1440. @@ -14037,16 +14408,21 @@ File: coreutils.info, Node: Combined date and time of day items, Next: Day of 28.5 Combined date and time of day items ======================================== -A "combined date and time of day item" specifies the time on a specific -day of the year. This type is needed for formats that cannot be -represented by individual calendar date (*note Calendar date items::) -and time of day (*note Time of day items::) items due to ambiguity. +The ISO 8601 date and time of day extended format consists of an ISO +8601 date, a `T' character separator, and an ISO 8601 time of day. +This format is also recognized if the `T' is replaced by a space. - # ISO 8601 extended date and time of day format - 1972-09-24T20:02:00,000000-0500 + In this format, the time of day should use 24-hour notation. +Fractional seconds are allowed, with either comma or period preceding +the fraction. ISO 8601 fractional minutes and hours are not supported. +Typically, hosts support nanosecond timestamp resolution; excess +precision is silently discarded. - The ISO 8601 extended date and time of day format is an ISO 8601 -date, a `T' character separator, followed by an ISO 8601 time of day. + Here are some examples: + + 2012-09-24T20:02:00.052-0500 + 2012-12-31T23:59:59,999999999+1100 + 1970-01-01 00:00Z File: coreutils.info, Node: Day of week items, Next: Relative items in date strings, Prev: Combined date and time of day items, Up: Date input formats @@ -15305,30 +15681,29 @@ Index * *: Numeric expressions. (line 16) * + <1>: Numeric expressions. (line 12) * +: String expressions. (line 53) -* +PAGE_RANGE: pr invocation. (line 58) -* - <1>: su invocation. (line 53) -* - <2>: env invocation. (line 96) +* +PAGE_RANGE: pr invocation. (line 39) +* - <1>: env invocation. (line 96) * -: Numeric expressions. (line 12) -* - and Unix rm: rm invocation. (line 110) -* -, removing files beginning with: rm invocation. (line 98) +* - and Unix rm: rm invocation. (line 114) +* -, removing files beginning with: rm invocation. (line 102) * --: Common options. (line 44) -* --across: pr invocation. (line 82) +* --across: pr invocation. (line 63) * --additional-suffix: split invocation. (line 121) * --address-radix: od invocation. (line 36) -* --adjustment: nice invocation. (line 47) +* --adjustment: nice invocation. (line 51) * --all <1>: uname invocation. (line 30) * --all <2>: nproc invocation. (line 19) * --all <3>: who invocation. (line 36) * --all <4>: stty invocation. (line 26) -* --all <5>: du invocation. (line 26) -* --all <6>: df invocation. (line 32) +* --all <5>: du invocation. (line 33) +* --all <6>: df invocation. (line 43) * --all <7>: Which files are listed. (line 13) * --all: unexpand invocation. (line 37) * --all-repeated: uniq invocation. (line 69) * --almost-all: Which files are listed. (line 17) -* --apparent-size: du invocation. (line 29) +* --apparent-size: du invocation. (line 36) * --append: tee invocation. (line 25) * --archive: cp invocation. (line 65) * --attributes-only: cp invocation. (line 74) @@ -15342,8 +15717,8 @@ Index * --batch-size: sort invocation. (line 259) * --before: tac invocation. (line 21) * --binary: md5sum invocation. (line 37) -* --block-size <1>: du invocation. (line 50) -* --block-size <2>: df invocation. (line 38) +* --block-size <1>: du invocation. (line 53) +* --block-size <2>: df invocation. (line 49) * --block-size: Block size. (line 137) * --block-size=SIZE: Block size. (line 12) * --body-numbering: nl invocation. (line 47) @@ -15351,7 +15726,7 @@ Index * --bourne-shell: dircolors invocation. (line 34) * --buffer-size: sort invocation. (line 309) -* --bytes <1>: du invocation. (line 46) +* --bytes <1>: du invocation. (line 58) * --bytes <2>: cut invocation. (line 26) * --bytes <3>: wc invocation. (line 43) * --bytes <4>: split invocation. (line 40) @@ -15376,8 +15751,7 @@ Index (line 48) * --color: General output formatting. (line 21) -* --columns: pr invocation. (line 68) -* --command: su invocation. (line 39) +* --columns: pr invocation. (line 49) * --compare: install invocation. (line 47) * --complement: cut invocation. (line 83) * --compute: runcon invocation. (line 27) @@ -15390,30 +15764,34 @@ Index (line 268) * --count <1>: who invocation. (line 70) * --count: uniq invocation. (line 55) -* --count-links: du invocation. (line 96) +* --count-links: du invocation. (line 115) * --crown-margin: fmt invocation. (line 34) * --csh: dircolors invocation. (line 40) * --date <1>: Options for date. (line 11) * --date: touch invocation. (line 86) * --dead: who invocation. (line 44) +* --debug: numfmt invocation. (line 29) * --decode: base64 invocation. (line 30) -* --delimiter: cut invocation. (line 63) +* --delimiter <1>: cut invocation. (line 63) +* --delimiter: numfmt invocation. (line 34) * --delimiters: paste invocation. (line 43) -* --dereference <1>: stat invocation. (line 22) -* --dereference <2>: du invocation. (line 101) -* --dereference <3>: chgrp invocation. (line 30) -* --dereference <4>: chown invocation. (line 103) -* --dereference <5>: cp invocation. (line 149) +* --dereference <1>: chcon invocation. (line 21) +* --dereference <2>: stat invocation. (line 22) +* --dereference <3>: du invocation. (line 109) +* --dereference <4>: chgrp invocation. (line 30) +* --dereference <5>: chown invocation. (line 103) +* --dereference <6>: cp invocation. (line 151) * --dereference: Which files are listed. (line 84) -* --dereference-args: du invocation. (line 61) +* --dereference-args: du invocation. (line 68) * --dereference-command-line: Which files are listed. (line 36) * --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir: Which files are listed. (line 41) * --dictionary-order: sort invocation. (line 87) * --digits: csplit invocation. (line 81) +* --dir: rm invocation. (line 35) * --directory <1>: mktemp invocation. (line 86) * --directory <2>: ln invocation. (line 90) * --directory <3>: install invocation. (line 62) @@ -15421,7 +15799,7 @@ Index (line 28) * --dired: What information is listed. (line 16) -* --double-space: pr invocation. (line 94) +* --double-space: pr invocation. (line 75) * --dry-run: mktemp invocation. (line 98) * --echo: shuf invocation. (line 19) * --elide-empty-files <1>: csplit invocation. (line 90) @@ -15430,11 +15808,11 @@ Index * --escape: Formatting the file names. (line 11) * --exact: shred invocation. (line 134) -* --exclude-from=FILE: du invocation. (line 213) -* --exclude-type: df invocation. (line 144) -* --exclude=PATTERN: du invocation. (line 207) -* --expand-tabs: pr invocation. (line 118) -* --fast: su invocation. (line 44) +* --exclude-from=FILE: du invocation. (line 231) +* --exclude-type: df invocation. (line 222) +* --exclude=PATTERN: du invocation. (line 236) +* --expand-tabs: pr invocation. (line 99) +* --field: numfmt invocation. (line 38) * --field-separator: sort invocation. (line 325) * --fields: cut invocation. (line 44) * --file <1>: Options for date. (line 26) @@ -15442,28 +15820,31 @@ Index * --file-system: stat invocation. (line 28) * --file-type: General output formatting. (line 59) -* --files0-from=FILE <1>: du invocation. (line 67) +* --files0-from=FILE <1>: du invocation. (line 80) * --files0-from=FILE <2>: sort invocation. (line 221) * --files0-from=FILE: wc invocation. (line 62) * --filter: split invocation. (line 60) -* --first-line-number: pr invocation. (line 194) +* --first-line-number: pr invocation. (line 175) * --follow: tail invocation. (line 48) * --footer-numbering: nl invocation. (line 75) * --force <1>: ln invocation. (line 96) * --force <2>: shred invocation. (line 101) -* --force <3>: rm invocation. (line 35) +* --force <3>: rm invocation. (line 39) * --force <4>: mv invocation. (line 63) -* --force: cp invocation. (line 116) -* --foreground: timeout invocation. (line 18) -* --form-feed: pr invocation. (line 126) +* --force: cp invocation. (line 118) +* --foreground: timeout invocation. (line 24) +* --form-feed: pr invocation. (line 107) * --format <1>: General output formatting. (line 10) * --format <2>: What information is listed. (line 131) +* --format <3>: numfmt invocation. (line 41) * --format: od invocation. (line 85) * --format=FORMAT <1>: seq invocation. (line 24) * --format=FORMAT: stat invocation. (line 34) -* --from: chown invocation. (line 80) +* --from <1>: chown invocation. (line 80) +* --from: numfmt invocation. (line 48) +* --from-unit: numfmt invocation. (line 53) * --full-time: What information is listed. (line 100) * --general-numeric-sort: sort invocation. (line 105) @@ -15472,13 +15853,16 @@ Index * --group: install invocation. (line 68) * --group-directories-first: Which files are listed. (line 50) +* --grouping: numfmt invocation. (line 59) * --groups <1>: chroot invocation. (line 29) * --groups: id invocation. (line 30) * --hardware-platform: uname invocation. (line 35) * --head-count: shuf invocation. (line 32) * --header <1>: join invocation. (line 90) -* --header: pr invocation. (line 131) +* --header <2>: pr invocation. (line 112) +* --header: numfmt invocation. (line 65) * --header-numbering: nl invocation. (line 79) +* --header=N: numfmt invocation. (line 65) * --heading: who invocation. (line 48) * --help: Common options. (line 37) * --hide-control-chars: Formatting the file names. @@ -15486,8 +15870,8 @@ Index * --hide=PATTERN: Which files are listed. (line 57) * --human-numeric-sort: sort invocation. (line 130) -* --human-readable <1>: du invocation. (line 81) -* --human-readable <2>: df invocation. (line 48) +* --human-readable <1>: du invocation. (line 97) +* --human-readable <2>: df invocation. (line 64) * --human-readable <3>: What information is listed. (line 116) * --human-readable: Block size. (line 137) @@ -15505,24 +15889,25 @@ Index * --ignore-nonprinting: sort invocation. (line 145) * --ignore=PATTERN: Which files are listed. (line 70) -* --indent: pr invocation. (line 200) +* --indent: pr invocation. (line 181) * --indicator-style: General output formatting. (line 48) * --initial: expand invocation. (line 34) * --inode: What information is listed. (line 123) -* --inodes: df invocation. (line 58) +* --inodes: df invocation. (line 74) * --input: stdbuf invocation. (line 26) * --input-range: shuf invocation. (line 23) * --interactive <1>: ln invocation. (line 100) -* --interactive <2>: rm invocation. (line 50) +* --interactive <2>: rm invocation. (line 54) * --interactive <3>: mv invocation. (line 69) -* --interactive: cp invocation. (line 139) +* --interactive: cp invocation. (line 141) +* --invalid: numfmt invocation. (line 68) * --io-blocks: truncate invocation. (line 26) * --iso-8601[=TIMESPEC]: Options for date. (line 34) * --iterations=NUMBER: shred invocation. (line 106) * --join-blank-lines: nl invocation. (line 87) -* --join-lines: pr invocation. (line 144) +* --join-lines: pr invocation. (line 125) * --keep-files: csplit invocation. (line 86) * --kernel-name: uname invocation. (line 65) * --kernel-release: uname invocation. (line 61) @@ -15530,30 +15915,29 @@ Index * --key: sort invocation. (line 234) * --kibibytes: General output formatting. (line 85) -* --kill-after: timeout invocation. (line 33) -* --length: pr invocation. (line 153) +* --kill-after: timeout invocation. (line 39) +* --length: pr invocation. (line 134) * --line-bytes: split invocation. (line 54) * --line-increment: nl invocation. (line 83) * --lines <1>: wc invocation. (line 55) * --lines <2>: split invocation. (line 33) * --lines <3>: tail invocation. (line 152) * --lines: head invocation. (line 39) -* --link: cp invocation. (line 145) +* --link: cp invocation. (line 147) * --literal: Formatting the file names. (line 17) -* --local: df invocation. (line 69) +* --local: df invocation. (line 85) * --logical <1>: pwd invocation. (line 15) * --logical <2>: realpath invocation. (line 30) * --logical: ln invocation. (line 104) -* --login <1>: su invocation. (line 53) * --login: who invocation. (line 52) * --lookup: who invocation. (line 57) * --machine: uname invocation. (line 41) -* --max-depth=DEPTH: du invocation. (line 118) +* --max-depth=DEPTH: du invocation. (line 75) * --max-line-length: wc invocation. (line 59) * --max-unchanged-stats: tail invocation. (line 140) * --merge <1>: sort invocation. (line 32) -* --merge: pr invocation. (line 160) +* --merge: pr invocation. (line 141) * --mesg: who invocation. (line 95) * --message: who invocation. (line 95) * --mode <1>: mknod invocation. (line 48) @@ -15564,40 +15948,41 @@ Index * --multiple: basename invocation. (line 32) * --name: id invocation. (line 34) * --no-clobber <1>: mv invocation. (line 76) -* --no-clobber: cp invocation. (line 156) +* --no-clobber: cp invocation. (line 158) * --no-create <1>: truncate invocation. (line 22) * --no-create: touch invocation. (line 82) -* --no-dereference <1>: chcon invocation. (line 22) -* --no-dereference <2>: du invocation. (line 112) +* --no-dereference <1>: chcon invocation. (line 26) +* --no-dereference <2>: du invocation. (line 125) * --no-dereference <3>: touch invocation. (line 100) * --no-dereference <4>: chgrp invocation. (line 35) * --no-dereference <5>: chown invocation. (line 108) * --no-dereference <6>: ln invocation. (line 110) -* --no-dereference: cp invocation. (line 162) -* --no-file-warnings: pr invocation. (line 207) +* --no-dereference: cp invocation. (line 164) +* --no-file-warnings: pr invocation. (line 188) * --no-group: What information is listed. (line 110) * --no-newline: readlink invocation. (line 48) -* --no-preserve-root <1>: chmod invocation. (line 54) -* --no-preserve-root <2>: chgrp invocation. (line 48) -* --no-preserve-root <3>: chown invocation. (line 121) -* --no-preserve-root: rm invocation. (line 84) +* --no-preserve-root <1>: chcon invocation. (line 43) +* --no-preserve-root <2>: chmod invocation. (line 54) +* --no-preserve-root <3>: chgrp invocation. (line 48) +* --no-preserve-root <4>: chown invocation. (line 121) +* --no-preserve-root: rm invocation. (line 88) * --no-renumber: nl invocation. (line 108) * --no-symlinks: realpath invocation. (line 46) -* --no-sync: df invocation. (line 73) +* --no-sync: df invocation. (line 89) * --no-target-directory <1>: ln invocation. (line 165) * --no-target-directory <2>: mv invocation. (line 109) * --no-target-directory <3>: install invocation. (line 124) -* --no-target-directory <4>: cp invocation. (line 353) +* --no-target-directory <4>: cp invocation. (line 356) * --no-target-directory: Target directory. (line 15) * --nodename: uname invocation. (line 46) * --null <1>: env invocation. (line 83) * --null <2>: printenv invocation. (line 19) -* --null: du invocation. (line 124) +* --null: du invocation. (line 26) * --number <1>: split invocation. (line 77) * --number: cat invocation. (line 31) * --number-format: nl invocation. (line 95) -* --number-lines: pr invocation. (line 173) +* --number-lines: pr invocation. (line 154) * --number-nonblank: cat invocation. (line 20) * --number-separator: nl invocation. (line 112) * --number-width: nl invocation. (line 122) @@ -15605,44 +15990,47 @@ Index * --numeric-suffixes: split invocation. (line 114) * --numeric-uid-gid: What information is listed. (line 234) -* --omit-header: pr invocation. (line 230) -* --omit-pagination: pr invocation. (line 241) -* --one-file-system <1>: du invocation. (line 203) -* --one-file-system <2>: rm invocation. (line 63) -* --one-file-system: cp invocation. (line 376) +* --omit-header: pr invocation. (line 211) +* --omit-pagination: pr invocation. (line 222) +* --one-file-system <1>: du invocation. (line 242) +* --one-file-system <2>: rm invocation. (line 67) +* --one-file-system: cp invocation. (line 379) * --only-delimited: cut invocation. (line 71) * --operating-system: uname invocation. (line 57) * --output <1>: stdbuf invocation. (line 30) -* --output <2>: shuf invocation. (line 37) +* --output <2>: df invocation. (line 96) +* --output <3>: shuf invocation. (line 37) * --output: sort invocation. (line 285) * --output-delimiter: cut invocation. (line 76) * --output-duplicates: od invocation. (line 155) -* --output-tabs: pr invocation. (line 137) +* --output-tabs: pr invocation. (line 118) * --owner: install invocation. (line 86) -* --page_width: pr invocation. (line 259) -* --pages=PAGE_RANGE: pr invocation. (line 58) +* --padding: numfmt invocation. (line 76) +* --page_width: pr invocation. (line 240) +* --pages=PAGE_RANGE: pr invocation. (line 39) * --parallel: sort invocation. (line 353) * --parents <1>: rmdir invocation. (line 22) * --parents <2>: mkdir invocation. (line 34) -* --parents: cp invocation. (line 241) +* --parents: cp invocation. (line 244) * --physical <1>: pwd invocation. (line 22) * --physical <2>: realpath invocation. (line 35) * --physical: ln invocation. (line 129) * --pid: tail invocation. (line 120) * --portability <1>: pathchk invocation. (line 46) -* --portability: df invocation. (line 80) +* --portability: df invocation. (line 158) * --prefix: csplit invocation. (line 62) -* --preserve: cp invocation. (line 169) +* --preserve: cp invocation. (line 171) * --preserve-context: install invocation. (line 91) -* --preserve-environment: su invocation. (line 64) -* --preserve-root <1>: chmod invocation. (line 49) -* --preserve-root <2>: chgrp invocation. (line 43) -* --preserve-root <3>: chown invocation. (line 116) -* --preserve-root: rm invocation. (line 79) +* --preserve-root <1>: chcon invocation. (line 38) +* --preserve-root <2>: chmod invocation. (line 49) +* --preserve-root <3>: chgrp invocation. (line 43) +* --preserve-root <4>: chown invocation. (line 116) +* --preserve-root: rm invocation. (line 83) +* --preserve-status: timeout invocation. (line 18) * --preserve-timestamps: install invocation. (line 98) * --print-database: dircolors invocation. (line 45) -* --print-type: df invocation. (line 119) +* --print-type: df invocation. (line 197) * --printf=FORMAT: stat invocation. (line 43) * --process: who invocation. (line 66) * --processor: uname invocation. (line 50) @@ -15652,7 +16040,7 @@ Index * --quiet <4>: chmod invocation. (line 45) * --quiet <5>: chgrp invocation. (line 26) * --quiet <6>: chown invocation. (line 76) -* --quiet <7>: readlink invocation. (line 54) +* --quiet <7>: readlink invocation. (line 55) * --quiet <8>: md5sum invocation. (line 68) * --quiet <9>: csplit invocation. (line 101) * --quiet <10>: tail invocation. (line 160) @@ -15666,31 +16054,31 @@ Index * --random-source <2>: shuf invocation. (line 43) * --random-source: sort invocation. (line 298) * --range <1>: runcon invocation. (line 43) -* --range: chcon invocation. (line 63) +* --range: chcon invocation. (line 77) * --read-bytes: od invocation. (line 71) * --real: id invocation. (line 39) -* --recursive <1>: chcon invocation. (line 30) +* --recursive <1>: chcon invocation. (line 35) * --recursive <2>: chmod invocation. (line 69) * --recursive <3>: chgrp invocation. (line 66) * --recursive <4>: chown invocation. (line 140) -* --recursive <5>: rm invocation. (line 91) -* --recursive <6>: cp invocation. (line 254) +* --recursive <5>: rm invocation. (line 95) +* --recursive <6>: cp invocation. (line 257) * --recursive: Which files are listed. (line 91) -* --reference <1>: chcon invocation. (line 25) +* --reference <1>: chcon invocation. (line 30) * --reference <2>: Options for date. (line 59) * --reference <3>: truncate invocation. (line 30) * --reference <4>: touch invocation. (line 119) * --reference <5>: chmod invocation. (line 62) * --reference <6>: chgrp invocation. (line 52) * --reference: chown invocation. (line 125) -* --reflink[=WHEN]: cp invocation. (line 267) +* --reflink[=WHEN]: cp invocation. (line 270) * --regex: tac invocation. (line 26) * --relative: ln invocation. (line 138) * --relative-base: realpath invocation. (line 61) * --relative-to: realpath invocation. (line 56) * --remove: shred invocation. (line 123) -* --remove-destination: cp invocation. (line 293) +* --remove-destination: cp invocation. (line 296) * --repeated: uniq invocation. (line 63) * --retry: tail invocation. (line 104) * --reverse <1>: Sorting the output. (line 27) @@ -15699,38 +16087,43 @@ Index * --rfc-3339=TIMESPEC: Options for date. (line 77) * --rfc-822: Options for date. (line 65) * --role <1>: runcon invocation. (line 35) -* --role: chcon invocation. (line 55) +* --role: chcon invocation. (line 69) +* --round: numfmt invocation. (line 83) +* --round=down: numfmt invocation. (line 83) +* --round=from-zero: numfmt invocation. (line 83) +* --round=nearest: numfmt invocation. (line 83) +* --round=towards-zero: numfmt invocation. (line 83) +* --round=up: numfmt invocation. (line 83) * --runlevel: who invocation. (line 75) * --save: stty invocation. (line 41) * --section-delimiter: nl invocation. (line 68) -* --sep-string: pr invocation. (line 221) -* --separate-dirs: du invocation. (line 142) -* --separator <1>: pr invocation. (line 212) -* --separator: tac invocation. (line 33) +* --sep-string: pr invocation. (line 202) +* --separate-dirs: du invocation. (line 130) +* --separator <1>: pr invocation. (line 193) +* --separator: tac invocation. (line 30) * --serial: paste invocation. (line 34) * --set: Options for date. (line 107) * --sh: dircolors invocation. (line 34) -* --shell: su invocation. (line 75) * --show-all: cat invocation. (line 16) * --show-control-chars <1>: Formatting the file names. (line 78) -* --show-control-chars: pr invocation. (line 88) +* --show-control-chars: pr invocation. (line 69) * --show-ends: cat invocation. (line 27) -* --show-nonprinting <1>: pr invocation. (line 246) +* --show-nonprinting <1>: pr invocation. (line 227) * --show-nonprinting: cat invocation. (line 51) * --show-tabs: cat invocation. (line 44) -* --si <1>: du invocation. (line 130) -* --si <2>: df invocation. (line 99) +* --si <1>: du invocation. (line 138) +* --si <2>: df invocation. (line 177) * --si <3>: What information is listed. (line 260) * --si: Block size. (line 137) -* --signal: timeout invocation. (line 40) +* --signal: timeout invocation. (line 46) * --silent <1>: tty invocation. (line 18) * --silent <2>: chmod invocation. (line 45) * --silent <3>: chgrp invocation. (line 26) * --silent <4>: chown invocation. (line 76) -* --silent <5>: readlink invocation. (line 54) +* --silent <5>: readlink invocation. (line 55) * --silent <6>: csplit invocation. (line 101) * --silent <7>: tail invocation. (line 160) * --silent: head invocation. (line 46) @@ -15745,60 +16138,65 @@ Index * --sort <1>: Sorting the output. (line 32) * --sort: sort invocation. (line 105) * --spaces: fold invocation. (line 29) -* --sparse=WHEN: cp invocation. (line 297) +* --sparse=WHEN: cp invocation. (line 300) * --split-only: fmt invocation. (line 47) * --squeeze-blank: cat invocation. (line 36) * --stable: sort invocation. (line 303) * --starting-line-number: nl invocation. (line 117) * --status: md5sum invocation. (line 76) -* --strict: md5sum invocation. (line 100) +* --strict: md5sum invocation. (line 109) * --strings: od invocation. (line 76) * --strip <1>: realpath invocation. (line 46) * --strip: install invocation. (line 108) * --strip-program: install invocation. (line 111) * --strip-trailing-slashes <1>: mv invocation. (line 95) -* --strip-trailing-slashes: cp invocation. (line 331) +* --strip-trailing-slashes: cp invocation. (line 334) * --suffix <1>: mktemp invocation. (line 114) * --suffix <2>: basename invocation. (line 38) * --suffix <3>: ln invocation. (line 156) * --suffix <4>: mv invocation. (line 100) * --suffix <5>: install invocation. (line 115) -* --suffix <6>: cp invocation. (line 344) +* --suffix <6>: cp invocation. (line 347) * --suffix <7>: csplit invocation. (line 66) +* --suffix <8>: numfmt invocation. (line 88) * --suffix: Backup options. (line 50) * --suffix-length: split invocation. (line 106) -* --summarize: du invocation. (line 138) +* --summarize: du invocation. (line 146) * --symbolic: ln invocation. (line 150) -* --symbolic-link: cp invocation. (line 336) -* --sync: df invocation. (line 106) +* --symbolic-link: cp invocation. (line 339) +* --sync: df invocation. (line 184) * --sysv: sum invocation. (line 31) * --tabs <1>: unexpand invocation. (line 24) * --tabs: expand invocation. (line 22) * --tabsize: General output formatting. (line 111) +* --tag: md5sum invocation. (line 85) * --tagged-paragraph: fmt invocation. (line 40) * --target-directory <1>: ln invocation. (line 161) * --target-directory <2>: mv invocation. (line 105) * --target-directory <3>: install invocation. (line 120) -* --target-directory <4>: cp invocation. (line 349) +* --target-directory <4>: cp invocation. (line 352) * --target-directory: Target directory. (line 31) * --temporary-directory: sort invocation. (line 345) * --terse: stat invocation. (line 54) -* --text: md5sum invocation. (line 86) +* --text: md5sum invocation. (line 95) +* --threshold: du invocation. (line 150) * --time <1>: who invocation. (line 83) -* --time <2>: du invocation. (line 150) +* --time <2>: du invocation. (line 178) * --time <3>: touch invocation. (line 78) * --time: Sorting the output. (line 13) -* --time-style <1>: du invocation. (line 165) +* --time-style <1>: du invocation. (line 193) * --time-style: Formatting file timestamps. (line 26) * --tmpdir: mktemp invocation. (line 106) -* --total <1>: du invocation. (line 55) -* --total: df invocation. (line 42) +* --to: numfmt invocation. (line 92) +* --to-unit: numfmt invocation. (line 97) +* --total <1>: du invocation. (line 62) +* --total: df invocation. (line 53) * --traditional: od invocation. (line 206) * --type <1>: runcon invocation. (line 39) -* --type <2>: chcon invocation. (line 59) -* --type: df invocation. (line 113) +* --type <2>: chcon invocation. (line 73) +* --type: df invocation. (line 191) * --unbuffered: split invocation. (line 134) * --uniform-spacing: fmt invocation. (line 53) * --unique <1>: uniq invocation. (line 101) @@ -15806,35 +16204,35 @@ Index * --universal: Options for date. (line 113) * --unset: env invocation. (line 90) * --update <1>: mv invocation. (line 82) -* --update: cp invocation. (line 358) +* --update: cp invocation. (line 361) * --user <1>: runcon invocation. (line 31) -* --user <2>: chcon invocation. (line 51) +* --user <2>: chcon invocation. (line 65) * --user: id invocation. (line 44) * --userspec: chroot invocation. (line 24) * --utc: Options for date. (line 113) -* --verbose <1>: chcon invocation. (line 47) +* --verbose <1>: chcon invocation. (line 61) * --verbose <2>: chmod invocation. (line 59) * --verbose <3>: chgrp invocation. (line 58) * --verbose <4>: chown invocation. (line 132) * --verbose <5>: rmdir invocation. (line 31) -* --verbose <6>: readlink invocation. (line 58) +* --verbose <6>: readlink invocation. (line 59) * --verbose <7>: mkdir invocation. (line 51) * --verbose <8>: ln invocation. (line 170) * --verbose <9>: shred invocation. (line 129) -* --verbose <10>: rm invocation. (line 95) +* --verbose <10>: rm invocation. (line 99) * --verbose <11>: mv invocation. (line 92) * --verbose <12>: install invocation. (line 129) -* --verbose <13>: cp invocation. (line 372) +* --verbose <13>: cp invocation. (line 375) * --verbose <14>: split invocation. (line 138) * --verbose <15>: tail invocation. (line 164) * --verbose: head invocation. (line 50) * --version: Common options. (line 41) * --version-sort: sort invocation. (line 179) -* --warn: md5sum invocation. (line 95) +* --warn: md5sum invocation. (line 104) * --width <1>: General output formatting. (line 123) * --width <2>: fold invocation. (line 35) -* --width <3>: pr invocation. (line 250) +* --width <3>: pr invocation. (line 231) * --width <4>: fmt invocation. (line 59) * --width: od invocation. (line 162) * --words: wc invocation. (line 51) @@ -15843,13 +16241,14 @@ Index * --zero <1>: realpath invocation. (line 53) * --zero <2>: dirname invocation. (line 31) * --zero <3>: basename invocation. (line 42) +* --zero <4>: readlink invocation. (line 63) * --zero: shred invocation. (line 144) * --zero-terminated <1>: uniq invocation. (line 112) * --zero-terminated <2>: shuf invocation. (line 48) * --zero-terminated: sort invocation. (line 375) * -0 <1>: env invocation. (line 82) * -0 <2>: printenv invocation. (line 18) -* -0: du invocation. (line 123) +* -0: du invocation. (line 25) * -1 <1>: General output formatting. (line 10) * -1 <2>: join invocation. (line 105) @@ -15864,8 +16263,8 @@ Index * -a <5>: tee invocation. (line 25) * -a <6>: Connectives for test. (line 12) -* -a <7>: du invocation. (line 26) -* -a <8>: df invocation. (line 32) +* -a <7>: du invocation. (line 33) +* -a <8>: df invocation. (line 43) * -a <9>: touch invocation. (line 78) * -a: cp invocation. (line 65) * -A: Which files are listed. @@ -15875,15 +16274,15 @@ Index * -a <2>: unexpand invocation. (line 37) * -a <3>: join invocation. (line 75) * -a <4>: split invocation. (line 106) -* -a <5>: pr invocation. (line 82) +* -a <5>: pr invocation. (line 63) * -a: od invocation. (line 175) * -A <1>: od invocation. (line 36) * -A: cat invocation. (line 16) * -b <1>: who invocation. (line 40) -* -b: File type tests. (line 10) -* -B: du invocation. (line 50) -* -b: du invocation. (line 46) -* -B: df invocation. (line 38) +* -b <2>: File type tests. (line 10) +* -b: du invocation. (line 58) +* -B <1>: du invocation. (line 53) +* -B: df invocation. (line 49) * -b <1>: ln invocation. (line 84) * -b <2>: mv invocation. (line 58) * -b <3>: install invocation. (line 42) @@ -15905,16 +16304,15 @@ Index * -b <9>: tac invocation. (line 21) * -b <10>: cat invocation. (line 20) * -b: Backup options. (line 13) -* -c <1>: su invocation. (line 39) -* -c <2>: runcon invocation. (line 27) -* -c <3>: File type tests. (line 13) -* -c <4>: truncate invocation. (line 22) -* -c <5>: stat invocation. (line 34) -* -c <6>: du invocation. (line 55) -* -c <7>: touch invocation. (line 82) -* -c <8>: chmod invocation. (line 39) -* -c <9>: chgrp invocation. (line 20) -* -c <10>: chown invocation. (line 70) +* -c <1>: runcon invocation. (line 27) +* -c <2>: File type tests. (line 13) +* -c <3>: truncate invocation. (line 22) +* -c <4>: stat invocation. (line 34) +* -c <5>: du invocation. (line 62) +* -c <6>: touch invocation. (line 82) +* -c <7>: chmod invocation. (line 39) +* -c <8>: chgrp invocation. (line 20) +* -c <9>: chown invocation. (line 70) * -c: install invocation. (line 53) * -C: install invocation. (line 47) * -c: dircolors invocation. @@ -15930,20 +16328,21 @@ Index * -C: split invocation. (line 54) * -c <1>: tail invocation. (line 32) * -c <2>: head invocation. (line 24) -* -c <3>: pr invocation. (line 88) +* -c <3>: pr invocation. (line 69) * -c <4>: fmt invocation. (line 34) * -c: od invocation. (line 181) -* -COLUMN: pr invocation. (line 68) +* -COLUMN: pr invocation. (line 49) * -d <1>: Options for date. (line 11) * -d <2>: who invocation. (line 44) * -d <3>: mktemp invocation. (line 86) * -d: File type tests. (line 16) -* -D: du invocation. (line 61) +* -D: du invocation. (line 68) * -d <1>: touch invocation. (line 86) * -d <2>: ln invocation. (line 90) +* -d <3>: rm invocation. (line 35) * -d: install invocation. (line 62) * -D: install invocation. (line 56) -* -d: cp invocation. (line 109) +* -d: cp invocation. (line 111) * -D: What information is listed. (line 16) * -d <1>: Which files are listed. @@ -15954,11 +16353,12 @@ Index * -d <1>: uniq invocation. (line 63) * -d <2>: sort invocation. (line 87) * -d <3>: split invocation. (line 114) -* -d <4>: pr invocation. (line 94) -* -d <5>: base64 invocation. (line 30) -* -d <6>: od invocation. (line 185) +* -d <4>: pr invocation. (line 75) +* -d <5>: numfmt invocation. (line 34) +* -d <6>: base64 invocation. (line 30) +* -d <7>: od invocation. (line 185) * -d: nl invocation. (line 68) -* -d DEPTH: du invocation. (line 118) +* -d DEPTH: du invocation. (line 75) * -e <1>: stdbuf invocation. (line 34) * -e <2>: realpath invocation. (line 17) * -e: File characteristic tests. @@ -15968,13 +16368,12 @@ Index * -e <2>: readlink invocation. (line 36) * -e <3>: join invocation. (line 86) * -e <4>: split invocation. (line 126) -* -e: pr invocation. (line 118) +* -e: pr invocation. (line 99) * -E: cat invocation. (line 27) * -e: cat invocation. (line 23) * -ef: File characteristic tests. (line 23) * -eq: Numeric tests. (line 16) -* -f <1>: su invocation. (line 44) * -f: Options for date. (line 26) * -F: stty invocation. (line 31) * -f <1>: File type tests. (line 19) @@ -15987,9 +16386,9 @@ Index * -f: ln invocation. (line 96) * -F: ln invocation. (line 90) * -f <1>: shred invocation. (line 101) -* -f <2>: rm invocation. (line 35) +* -f <2>: rm invocation. (line 39) * -f <3>: mv invocation. (line 63) -* -f: cp invocation. (line 116) +* -f: cp invocation. (line 118) * -F: General output formatting. (line 48) * -f <1>: Sorting the output. (line 20) @@ -15999,8 +16398,8 @@ Index * -f: csplit invocation. (line 62) * -F: tail invocation. (line 99) * -f <1>: tail invocation. (line 48) -* -f: pr invocation. (line 126) -* -F: pr invocation. (line 126) +* -f: pr invocation. (line 107) +* -F: pr invocation. (line 107) * -f <1>: od invocation. (line 188) * -f: nl invocation. (line 75) * -f FORMAT: seq invocation. (line 24) @@ -16020,26 +16419,26 @@ Index * -g: fmt invocation. (line 64) * -ge: Numeric tests. (line 16) * -gt: Numeric tests. (line 16) -* -H: chcon invocation. (line 33) -* -h: chcon invocation. (line 22) +* -H: chcon invocation. (line 47) +* -h: chcon invocation. (line 26) * -H: who invocation. (line 48) -* -h: File type tests. (line 23) -* -H: du invocation. (line 87) -* -h: du invocation. (line 81) -* -H: df invocation. (line 54) -* -h <1>: df invocation. (line 48) +* -h <1>: File type tests. (line 23) +* -h: du invocation. (line 97) +* -H <1>: du invocation. (line 93) +* -H: df invocation. (line 70) +* -h <1>: df invocation. (line 64) * -h: touch invocation. (line 100) * -H: chgrp invocation. (line 70) * -h: chgrp invocation. (line 35) * -H: chown invocation. (line 143) * -h: chown invocation. (line 108) -* -H: cp invocation. (line 132) +* -H: cp invocation. (line 134) * -h: What information is listed. (line 116) * -H: Which files are listed. (line 36) * -h <1>: sort invocation. (line 130) -* -h <2>: pr invocation. (line 131) +* -h <2>: pr invocation. (line 112) * -h: nl invocation. (line 79) * -H: Traversing symlinks. (line 18) * -h: Block size. (line 137) @@ -16047,12 +16446,12 @@ Index * -i <2>: env invocation. (line 96) * -i <3>: uname invocation. (line 35) * -i <4>: tee invocation. (line 30) -* -i <5>: df invocation. (line 58) +* -i <5>: df invocation. (line 74) * -i: ln invocation. (line 100) -* -I: rm invocation. (line 44) -* -i <1>: rm invocation. (line 39) +* -I: rm invocation. (line 48) +* -i <1>: rm invocation. (line 43) * -i <2>: mv invocation. (line 69) -* -i <3>: cp invocation. (line 139) +* -i <3>: cp invocation. (line 141) * -i: What information is listed. (line 123) * -I: Which files are listed. @@ -16062,40 +16461,39 @@ Index * -i <3>: uniq invocation. (line 59) * -i <4>: shuf invocation. (line 23) * -i <5>: sort invocation. (line 145) -* -i <6>: pr invocation. (line 137) +* -i <6>: pr invocation. (line 118) * -i <7>: base64 invocation. (line 36) * -i <8>: od invocation. (line 191) * -i: nl invocation. (line 83) * -I[TIMESPEC]: Options for date. (line 34) -* -J: pr invocation. (line 144) +* -J: pr invocation. (line 125) * -j: od invocation. (line 55) -* -k <1>: timeout invocation. (line 33) +* -k <1>: timeout invocation. (line 39) * -k <2>: Access permission tests. (line 12) -* -k <3>: du invocation. (line 90) -* -k <4>: df invocation. (line 63) +* -k <3>: du invocation. (line 103) +* -k <4>: df invocation. (line 79) * -k <5>: General output formatting. (line 85) * -k <6>: sort invocation. (line 234) * -k <7>: csplit invocation. (line 86) * -k: Block size. (line 137) -* -l <1>: su invocation. (line 53) -* -l <2>: runcon invocation. (line 43) -* -l: chcon invocation. (line 63) -* -L: chcon invocation. (line 38) +* -l <1>: runcon invocation. (line 43) +* -l: chcon invocation. (line 77) +* -L: chcon invocation. (line 52) * -l: who invocation. (line 52) * -L <1>: pwd invocation. (line 15) * -L <2>: realpath invocation. (line 30) * -L <3>: File type tests. (line 23) -* -L <4>: stat invocation. (line 22) -* -L: du invocation. (line 101) -* -l <1>: du invocation. (line 96) -* -l: df invocation. (line 69) +* -L: stat invocation. (line 22) +* -l: du invocation. (line 115) +* -L: du invocation. (line 109) +* -l: df invocation. (line 85) * -L <1>: chgrp invocation. (line 75) * -L <2>: chown invocation. (line 148) * -L <3>: ln invocation. (line 104) -* -L: cp invocation. (line 149) -* -l <1>: cp invocation. (line 145) +* -L: cp invocation. (line 151) +* -l <1>: cp invocation. (line 147) * -l: What information is listed. (line 131) * -L <1>: Which files are listed. @@ -16103,30 +16501,29 @@ Index * -L: wc invocation. (line 59) * -l <1>: wc invocation. (line 55) * -l <2>: split invocation. (line 33) -* -l <3>: pr invocation. (line 153) +* -l <3>: pr invocation. (line 134) * -l <4>: od invocation. (line 194) * -l: nl invocation. (line 87) * -L: Traversing symlinks. (line 22) * -le: Numeric tests. (line 16) * -lt: Numeric tests. (line 16) -* -m <1>: su invocation. (line 64) -* -m <2>: uname invocation. (line 41) -* -m <3>: who invocation. (line 62) -* -m <4>: realpath invocation. (line 25) -* -m <5>: du invocation. (line 106) -* -m <6>: touch invocation. (line 115) -* -m <7>: readlink invocation. (line 43) -* -m <8>: mknod invocation. (line 48) -* -m <9>: mkfifo invocation. (line 21) -* -m <10>: mkdir invocation. (line 19) -* -m <11>: install invocation. (line 74) +* -m <1>: uname invocation. (line 41) +* -m <2>: who invocation. (line 62) +* -m <3>: realpath invocation. (line 25) +* -m <4>: du invocation. (line 119) +* -m <5>: touch invocation. (line 115) +* -m <6>: readlink invocation. (line 43) +* -m <7>: mknod invocation. (line 48) +* -m <8>: mkfifo invocation. (line 21) +* -m <9>: mkdir invocation. (line 19) +* -m <10>: install invocation. (line 74) * -m: General output formatting. (line 97) * -M: sort invocation. (line 152) * -m <1>: sort invocation. (line 32) * -m <2>: wc invocation. (line 47) -* -m: pr invocation. (line 160) -* -n <1>: nice invocation. (line 47) +* -m: pr invocation. (line 141) +* -n <1>: nice invocation. (line 51) * -n <2>: uname invocation. (line 46) * -n <3>: id invocation. (line 34) * -n <4>: String tests. (line 19) @@ -16134,7 +16531,7 @@ Index * -n <6>: readlink invocation. (line 48) * -n <7>: ln invocation. (line 110) * -n <8>: mv invocation. (line 76) -* -n: cp invocation. (line 156) +* -n: cp invocation. (line 158) * -N: Formatting the file names. (line 17) * -n <1>: What information is listed. @@ -16146,8 +16543,8 @@ Index * -n <6>: split invocation. (line 77) * -n <7>: tail invocation. (line 152) * -n: head invocation. (line 39) -* -N: pr invocation. (line 194) -* -n: pr invocation. (line 173) +* -N: pr invocation. (line 175) +* -n: pr invocation. (line 154) * -N: od invocation. (line 71) * -n <1>: nl invocation. (line 95) * -n: cat invocation. (line 31) @@ -16167,12 +16564,11 @@ Index (line 238) * -o <4>: shuf invocation. (line 37) * -o <5>: sort invocation. (line 285) -* -o <6>: pr invocation. (line 200) +* -o <6>: pr invocation. (line 181) * -o: od invocation. (line 197) * -ot: File characteristic tests. (line 19) -* -p: su invocation. (line 64) -* -P: chcon invocation. (line 42) +* -P: chcon invocation. (line 56) * -p <1>: uname invocation. (line 50) * -p: who invocation. (line 66) * -P <1>: pwd invocation. (line 22) @@ -16181,16 +16577,16 @@ Index * -P: pathchk invocation. (line 42) * -p <1>: pathchk invocation. (line 29) * -p: File type tests. (line 28) -* -P <1>: du invocation. (line 112) -* -P <2>: df invocation. (line 80) +* -P <1>: du invocation. (line 125) +* -P <2>: df invocation. (line 158) * -P <3>: chgrp invocation. (line 79) * -P: chown invocation. (line 152) * -p <1>: rmdir invocation. (line 22) * -p: mkdir invocation. (line 34) * -P: ln invocation. (line 129) * -p <1>: install invocation. (line 98) -* -p: cp invocation. (line 169) -* -P: cp invocation. (line 162) +* -p: cp invocation. (line 171) +* -P: cp invocation. (line 164) * -p <1>: dircolors invocation. (line 45) * -p <2>: General output formatting. @@ -16200,7 +16596,7 @@ Index * -q <1>: who invocation. (line 70) * -q <2>: realpath invocation. (line 41) * -q <3>: mktemp invocation. (line 93) -* -q: readlink invocation. (line 54) +* -q: readlink invocation. (line 55) * -Q: Formatting the file names. (line 30) * -q <1>: Formatting the file names. @@ -16209,8 +16605,8 @@ Index * -q <3>: tail invocation. (line 160) * -q: head invocation. (line 46) * -r <1>: runcon invocation. (line 35) -* -r: chcon invocation. (line 55) -* -R: chcon invocation. (line 30) +* -r: chcon invocation. (line 69) +* -R: chcon invocation. (line 35) * -r: uname invocation. (line 61) * -R: Options for date. (line 65) * -r <1>: Options for date. (line 59) @@ -16224,40 +16620,39 @@ Index * -R <2>: chgrp invocation. (line 66) * -R: chown invocation. (line 140) * -r: ln invocation. (line 138) -* -R: rm invocation. (line 91) -* -r <1>: rm invocation. (line 91) -* -r: cp invocation. (line 254) -* -R: cp invocation. (line 254) +* -R: rm invocation. (line 95) +* -r <1>: rm invocation. (line 95) +* -r: cp invocation. (line 257) +* -R: cp invocation. (line 257) * -r: Sorting the output. (line 27) * -R <1>: Which files are listed. (line 91) * -R: sort invocation. (line 191) * -r <1>: sort invocation. (line 185) * -r <2>: sum invocation. (line 25) -* -r <3>: pr invocation. (line 207) +* -r <3>: pr invocation. (line 188) * -r: tac invocation. (line 26) -* -s <1>: timeout invocation. (line 40) -* -s <2>: su invocation. (line 75) -* -s <3>: uname invocation. (line 65) -* -s <4>: Options for date. (line 107) -* -s <5>: who invocation. (line 79) -* -s <6>: tty invocation. (line 18) -* -s <7>: realpath invocation. (line 46) -* -s <8>: basename invocation. (line 38) +* -s <1>: timeout invocation. (line 46) +* -s <2>: uname invocation. (line 65) +* -s <3>: Options for date. (line 107) +* -s <4>: who invocation. (line 79) +* -s <5>: tty invocation. (line 18) +* -s <6>: realpath invocation. (line 46) +* -s <7>: basename invocation. (line 38) * -s: File characteristic tests. (line 12) * -S: File type tests. (line 31) -* -s: truncate invocation. (line 34) -* -S: du invocation. (line 142) -* -s <1>: du invocation. (line 138) -* -s: readlink invocation. (line 54) +* -s <1>: truncate invocation. (line 34) +* -s: du invocation. (line 146) +* -S: du invocation. (line 130) +* -s: readlink invocation. (line 55) * -S: ln invocation. (line 156) * -s: ln invocation. (line 150) * -S <1>: mv invocation. (line 100) * -S: install invocation. (line 115) * -s: install invocation. (line 108) -* -S: cp invocation. (line 344) -* -s: cp invocation. (line 336) +* -S: cp invocation. (line 347) +* -s: cp invocation. (line 339) * -S: Sorting the output. (line 32) * -s <1>: What information is listed. (line 244) @@ -16269,34 +16664,34 @@ Index * -s <2>: sum invocation. (line 31) * -s <3>: csplit invocation. (line 101) * -s: fold invocation. (line 29) -* -S: pr invocation. (line 221) -* -s <1>: pr invocation. (line 212) +* -S: pr invocation. (line 202) +* -s <1>: pr invocation. (line 193) * -s <2>: fmt invocation. (line 47) * -s: od invocation. (line 200) * -S: od invocation. (line 76) * -s <1>: nl invocation. (line 112) -* -s <2>: tac invocation. (line 33) +* -s <2>: tac invocation. (line 30) * -s: cat invocation. (line 36) * -S: Backup options. (line 50) * -s BYTES: shred invocation. (line 117) -* -su: su invocation. (line 25) * -t <1>: runcon invocation. (line 39) -* -t: chcon invocation. (line 59) +* -t: chcon invocation. (line 73) * -T: who invocation. (line 95) * -t <1>: who invocation. (line 83) * -t <2>: mktemp invocation. (line 122) * -t <3>: File type tests. (line 34) -* -t: stat invocation. (line 54) -* -T: df invocation. (line 119) -* -t: df invocation. (line 113) +* -t <4>: stat invocation. (line 54) +* -t: du invocation. (line 150) +* -T: df invocation. (line 197) +* -t: df invocation. (line 191) * -T: ln invocation. (line 165) * -t: ln invocation. (line 161) * -T: mv invocation. (line 109) * -t: mv invocation. (line 105) * -T: install invocation. (line 124) * -t: install invocation. (line 120) -* -T: cp invocation. (line 353) -* -t: cp invocation. (line 349) +* -T: cp invocation. (line 356) +* -t: cp invocation. (line 352) * -T: General output formatting. (line 111) * -t <1>: Sorting the output. (line 36) @@ -16304,16 +16699,16 @@ Index * -t: expand invocation. (line 22) * -T: sort invocation. (line 345) * -t <1>: sort invocation. (line 325) -* -t: md5sum invocation. (line 86) -* -T: pr invocation. (line 241) -* -t <1>: pr invocation. (line 230) +* -t: md5sum invocation. (line 95) +* -T: pr invocation. (line 222) +* -t <1>: pr invocation. (line 211) * -t <2>: fmt invocation. (line 40) * -t: od invocation. (line 85) * -T: cat invocation. (line 44) * -t: cat invocation. (line 40) * -u <1>: env invocation. (line 90) * -u <2>: runcon invocation. (line 31) -* -u <3>: chcon invocation. (line 51) +* -u <3>: chcon invocation. (line 65) * -u <4>: Options for date. (line 113) * -u <5>: who invocation. (line 86) * -u <6>: id invocation. (line 44) @@ -16322,7 +16717,7 @@ Index (line 18) * -u <9>: shred invocation. (line 123) * -u <10>: mv invocation. (line 82) -* -u: cp invocation. (line 358) +* -u: cp invocation. (line 361) * -U: Sorting the output. (line 49) * -u <1>: Sorting the output. (line 42) * -u <2>: uniq invocation. (line 101) @@ -16330,25 +16725,25 @@ Index * -u <4>: split invocation. (line 134) * -u <5>: fmt invocation. (line 53) * -u: cat invocation. (line 47) -* -v <1>: chcon invocation. (line 47) +* -v <1>: chcon invocation. (line 61) * -v <2>: uname invocation. (line 76) * -v <3>: chmod invocation. (line 59) * -v <4>: chgrp invocation. (line 58) * -v <5>: chown invocation. (line 132) * -v <6>: rmdir invocation. (line 31) -* -v <7>: readlink invocation. (line 58) +* -v <7>: readlink invocation. (line 59) * -v <8>: mkdir invocation. (line 51) * -v <9>: ln invocation. (line 170) * -v <10>: shred invocation. (line 129) -* -v <11>: rm invocation. (line 95) +* -v <11>: rm invocation. (line 99) * -v <12>: mv invocation. (line 92) * -v <13>: install invocation. (line 129) -* -v <14>: cp invocation. (line 372) +* -v <14>: cp invocation. (line 375) * -v: Sorting the output. (line 56) * -V: sort invocation. (line 179) * -v <1>: tail invocation. (line 164) * -v <2>: head invocation. (line 50) -* -v <3>: pr invocation. (line 246) +* -v <3>: pr invocation. (line 227) * -v <4>: od invocation. (line 155) * -v <5>: nl invocation. (line 117) * -v: cat invocation. (line 51) @@ -16358,11 +16753,11 @@ Index * -w <3>: General output formatting. (line 123) * -w <4>: uniq invocation. (line 106) -* -w <5>: md5sum invocation. (line 95) +* -w <5>: md5sum invocation. (line 104) * -w <6>: wc invocation. (line 51) * -w: fold invocation. (line 35) -* -W: pr invocation. (line 259) -* -w <1>: pr invocation. (line 250) +* -W: pr invocation. (line 240) +* -w <1>: pr invocation. (line 231) * -w <2>: fmt invocation. (line 59) * -w <3>: base64 invocation. (line 22) * -w <4>: od invocation. (line 162) @@ -16370,20 +16765,21 @@ Index * -WIDTH: fmt invocation. (line 59) * -x <1>: Access permission tests. (line 24) -* -x <2>: du invocation. (line 203) -* -x <3>: df invocation. (line 144) +* -x <2>: du invocation. (line 242) +* -x <3>: df invocation. (line 222) * -x <4>: shred invocation. (line 134) -* -x <5>: cp invocation. (line 376) +* -x <5>: cp invocation. (line 379) * -x: General output formatting. (line 107) * -X: Sorting the output. (line 63) * -x: od invocation. (line 203) -* -X FILE: du invocation. (line 213) +* -X FILE: du invocation. (line 231) * -Z: id invocation. (line 48) * -z <1>: realpath invocation. (line 53) * -z <2>: dirname invocation. (line 31) * -z <3>: basename invocation. (line 42) -* -z: String tests. (line 15) +* -z <4>: String tests. (line 15) +* -z: readlink invocation. (line 63) * -Z <1>: mknod invocation. (line 54) * -Z <2>: mkfifo invocation. (line 28) * -Z: mkdir invocation. (line 56) @@ -16395,18 +16791,14 @@ Index * -z <2>: shuf invocation. (line 48) * -z <3>: sort invocation. (line 375) * -z: csplit invocation. (line 90) -* .cshrc: su invocation. (line 44) * /: Numeric expressions. (line 16) -* /bin/sh: su invocation. (line 12) -* /etc/passwd: su invocation. (line 12) -* /etc/shells: su invocation. (line 64) * 128-bit checksum: md5sum invocation. (line 6) * 16-bit checksum: sum invocation. (line 6) * 160-bit checksum: sha1sum invocation. (line 6) * 224-bit checksum: sha2 utilities. (line 6) * 256-bit checksum: sha2 utilities. (line 6) * 384-bit checksum: sha2 utilities. (line 6) -* 4.2 file system type: df invocation. (line 131) +* 4.2 file system type: df invocation. (line 209) * 512-bit checksum: sha2 utilities. (line 6) * <: Relations for expr. (line 22) * <=: Relations for expr. (line 22) @@ -16435,12 +16827,12 @@ Index * access permission tests: Access permission tests. (line 6) * access permissions, changing: chmod invocation. (line 6) -* access time: dd invocation. (line 230) +* access time: dd invocation. (line 245) * access time, changing: touch invocation. (line 78) * access time, printing or sorting files by: Sorting the output. (line 42) -* access time, show the most recent: du invocation. (line 161) -* across columns: pr invocation. (line 82) +* access time, show the most recent: du invocation. (line 189) +* across columns: pr invocation. (line 63) * across, listing files: General output formatting. (line 107) * adding permissions: Setting Permissions. (line 38) @@ -16450,17 +16842,17 @@ Index * all repeated lines, outputting: uniq invocation. (line 69) * alnum: Character sets. (line 92) * alpha: Character sets. (line 95) -* alternate ebcdic, converting to: dd invocation. (line 79) +* alternate ebcdic, converting to: dd invocation. (line 94) * always color option: General output formatting. (line 27) -* always interactive option: rm invocation. (line 57) +* always interactive option: rm invocation. (line 61) * am i: who invocation. (line 21) * am in date strings: Time of day items. (line 22) * and operator <1>: Relations for expr. (line 17) * and operator: Connectives for test. (line 12) -* append: dd invocation. (line 170) -* appending to the output file: dd invocation. (line 170) +* append: dd invocation. (line 185) +* appending to the output file: dd invocation. (line 185) * appropriate privileges <1>: nice invocation. (line 6) * appropriate privileges <2>: hostname invocation. (line 6) * appropriate privileges <3>: Setting the time. (line 6) @@ -16470,17 +16862,17 @@ Index * arch: arch invocation. (line 6) * arithmetic tests: Numeric tests. (line 6) * ASCII dump of files: od invocation. (line 6) -* ascii, converting to: dd invocation. (line 71) +* ascii, converting to: dd invocation. (line 86) * atime, changing: touch invocation. (line 78) * atime, printing or sorting files by: Sorting the output. (line 42) -* atime, show the most recent: du invocation. (line 161) +* atime, show the most recent: du invocation. (line 189) * attributes, file: Changing file attributes. (line 6) * authors of parse_datetime: Authors of parse_datetime. (line 6) * auto color option: General output formatting. (line 25) -* automounter file systems: df invocation. (line 32) +* automounter file systems: df invocation. (line 43) * b for block special file: mknod invocation. (line 31) * background jobs, stopping at terminal write: Local. (line 41) * backslash escapes <1>: echo invocation. (line 25) @@ -16514,20 +16906,20 @@ Index * Berry, K. <1>: Authors of parse_datetime. (line 19) * Berry, K.: Introduction. (line 19) -* binary: dd invocation. (line 247) -* binary I/O: dd invocation. (line 247) +* binary: dd invocation. (line 262) +* binary I/O: dd invocation. (line 262) * binary input files: md5sum invocation. (line 37) * bind mount <1>: stat invocation. (line 150) -* bind mount: rm invocation. (line 67) +* bind mount: rm invocation. (line 71) * blank: Character sets. (line 98) * blank lines, numbering: nl invocation. (line 87) * blanks, ignoring leading: sort invocation. (line 79) -* block (space-padding): dd invocation. (line 88) -* block size <1>: dd invocation. (line 33) +* block (space-padding): dd invocation. (line 103) +* block size <1>: dd invocation. (line 34) * block size: Block size. (line 6) -* block size of conversion: dd invocation. (line 40) -* block size of input: dd invocation. (line 25) -* block size of output: dd invocation. (line 29) +* block size of conversion: dd invocation. (line 41) +* block size of input: dd invocation. (line 26) +* block size of output: dd invocation. (line 30) * block special check: File type tests. (line 10) * block special files: mknod invocation. (line 11) * block special files, creating: mknod invocation. (line 6) @@ -16539,7 +16931,8 @@ Index * breaks, cause interrupts: Input. (line 12) * breaks, ignoring: Input. (line 9) * brkint: Input. (line 12) -* bs: dd invocation. (line 33) +* bs: dd invocation. (line 34) +* BSD output: md5sum invocation. (line 85) * BSD sum: sum invocation. (line 25) * BSD tail: tail invocation. (line 19) * BSD touch compatibility: touch invocation. (line 96) @@ -16550,7 +16943,7 @@ Index * built-in shell commands, conflicts with <2>: kill invocation. (line 13) * built-in shell commands, conflicts with <3>: nice invocation. - (line 37) + (line 38) * built-in shell commands, conflicts with <4>: pwd invocation. (line 30) * built-in shell commands, conflicts with <5>: test invocation. @@ -16563,7 +16956,7 @@ Index (line 15) * built-in shell commands, conflicts with: mknod invocation. (line 20) * byte count: wc invocation. (line 6) -* byte-swapping: dd invocation. (line 120) +* byte-swapping: dd invocation. (line 135) * c for character special file: mknod invocation. (line 34) * C shell syntax for color setup: dircolors invocation. (line 40) @@ -16578,9 +16971,10 @@ Index * case, ignored in dates: General date syntax. (line 66) * cat: cat invocation. (line 6) * cbreak: Combination. (line 52) -* cbs: dd invocation. (line 40) -* CD-ROM file system type: df invocation. (line 135) -* cdfs file system type: df invocation. (line 135) +* cbs: dd invocation. (line 41) +* CD-ROM file system type: df invocation. (line 213) +* cdfs file system type: df invocation. (line 213) +* cdtrdsr: Control. (line 39) * change or print terminal settings: stty invocation. (line 6) * change SELinux context: chcon invocation. (line 6) * changed files, verbosely describing: chgrp invocation. (line 20) @@ -16616,13 +17010,13 @@ Index * chmod: chmod invocation. (line 6) * chown: chown invocation. (line 6) * chroot: chroot invocation. (line 6) -* cio: dd invocation. (line 178) +* cio: dd invocation. (line 193) * cksum: cksum invocation. (line 6) * clocal: Control. (line 33) * clock skew <1>: touch invocation. (line 17) * clock skew: Formatting file timestamps. (line 12) -* clone: cp invocation. (line 267) +* clone: cp invocation. (line 270) * cntrl: Character sets. (line 101) * color database, printing: dircolors invocation. (line 45) @@ -16664,13 +17058,13 @@ Index * comparing sorted files: comm invocation. (line 6) * comparison operators: Relations for expr. (line 22) * concatenate and write files: cat invocation. (line 6) -* concurrent I/O: dd invocation. (line 178) +* concurrent I/O: dd invocation. (line 193) * conditional executability: Conditional Executability. (line 6) * conditions: Conditions. (line 6) * conflicts with shell built-ins <1>: sleep invocation. (line 34) * conflicts with shell built-ins <2>: kill invocation. (line 13) -* conflicts with shell built-ins <3>: nice invocation. (line 37) +* conflicts with shell built-ins <3>: nice invocation. (line 38) * conflicts with shell built-ins <4>: pwd invocation. (line 30) * conflicts with shell built-ins <5>: test invocation. (line 28) * conflicts with shell built-ins <6>: printf invocation. (line 16) @@ -16684,9 +17078,9 @@ Index * context, system: System context. (line 6) * control characters, using ^C: Local. (line 51) * control settings: Control. (line 6) -* controlling terminal: dd invocation. (line 235) -* conv: dd invocation. (line 65) -* conversion block size: dd invocation. (line 40) +* controlling terminal: dd invocation. (line 250) +* conv: dd invocation. (line 80) +* conversion block size: dd invocation. (line 41) * conversion specifiers, date: Date conversion specifiers. (line 6) * conversion specifiers, literal: Literal conversion specifiers. @@ -16697,16 +17091,16 @@ Index * converting while copying a file: dd invocation. (line 6) * cooked: Combination. (line 37) * Coordinated Universal Time: Options for date. (line 113) -* copy on write: cp invocation. (line 267) -* copying directories recursively: cp invocation. (line 96) +* copy on write: cp invocation. (line 270) +* copying directories recursively: cp invocation. (line 98) * copying existing permissions: Copying Permissions. (line 6) * copying files: cat invocation. (line 6) * copying files and directories: cp invocation. (line 6) * copying files and setting attributes: install invocation. (line 6) * core utilities: Top. (line 18) -* count: dd invocation. (line 55) -* count_bytes: dd invocation. (line 261) -* COW: cp invocation. (line 267) +* count: dd invocation. (line 56) +* count_bytes: dd invocation. (line 280) +* COW: cp invocation. (line 270) * cp: cp invocation. (line 6) * crashes and corruption: sync invocation. (line 11) * CRC checksum: cksum invocation. (line 6) @@ -16715,8 +17109,8 @@ Index * creating FIFOs (named pipes): mkfifo invocation. (line 6) * creating links (hard only): link invocation. (line 6) * creating links (hard or soft): ln invocation. (line 6) -* creating output file, avoiding: dd invocation. (line 138) -* creating output file, requiring: dd invocation. (line 134) +* creating output file, avoiding: dd invocation. (line 153) +* creating output file, requiring: dd invocation. (line 149) * crN: Output. (line 45) * crown margin: fmt invocation. (line 34) * crt: Combination. (line 75) @@ -16729,7 +17123,7 @@ Index * csplit: csplit invocation. (line 6) * cstopb: Control. (line 27) * ctime, printing or sorting by: Sorting the output. (line 13) -* ctime, show the most recent: du invocation. (line 156) +* ctime, show the most recent: du invocation. (line 184) * ctlecho: Local. (line 51) * current working directory, printing: pwd invocation. (line 6) * cut: cut invocation. (line 6) @@ -16739,7 +17133,7 @@ Index (line 45) * date: date invocation. (line 6) * date and time of day format, ISO 8601: Combined date and time of day items. - (line 14) + (line 6) * date conversion specifiers: Date conversion specifiers. (line 6) * date format, ISO 8601: Calendar date items. (line 30) @@ -16761,34 +17155,35 @@ Index * destination directory <1>: ln invocation. (line 161) * destination directory <2>: mv invocation. (line 105) * destination directory <3>: install invocation. (line 120) -* destination directory <4>: cp invocation. (line 349) +* destination directory <4>: cp invocation. (line 352) * destination directory: Target directory. (line 15) * destinations, multiple output: tee invocation. (line 6) -* device file, disk: df invocation. (line 19) +* device file, disk: df invocation. (line 30) * df: df invocation. (line 6) * DF_BLOCK_SIZE: Block size. (line 12) -* diagnostic: chcon invocation. (line 47) +* diagnostic: chcon invocation. (line 61) * dictionary order: sort invocation. (line 87) * differing lines: comm invocation. (line 18) * digit: Character sets. (line 104) * dir: dir invocation. (line 6) * dircolors: dircolors invocation. (line 6) -* direct: dd invocation. (line 184) -* direct I/O: dd invocation. (line 184) +* direct: dd invocation. (line 199) +* direct I/O: dd invocation. (line 199) * directories, copying: cp invocation. (line 6) -* directories, copying recursively: cp invocation. (line 96) +* directories, copying recursively: cp invocation. (line 98) * directories, creating: mkdir invocation. (line 6) * directories, creating with given attributes: install invocation. (line 62) -* directories, removing (recursively): rm invocation. (line 91) +* directories, removing: rm invocation. (line 35) +* directories, removing (recursively): rm invocation. (line 95) * directories, removing empty: rmdir invocation. (line 6) -* directory: dd invocation. (line 192) +* directory: dd invocation. (line 207) * directory check: File type tests. (line 16) * directory components, printing: dirname invocation. (line 6) * directory deletion, ignoring failures: rmdir invocation. (line 17) * directory deletion, reporting: rmdir invocation. (line 31) -* directory I/O: dd invocation. (line 192) +* directory I/O: dd invocation. (line 207) * directory listing: ls invocation. (line 6) * directory listing, brief: dir invocation. (line 6) * directory listing, recursive: Which files are listed. @@ -16803,14 +17198,14 @@ Index * disabling special characters: Characters. (line 13) * disambiguating group names and IDs: Disambiguating names and IDs. (line 6) -* discarding file cache: dd invocation. (line 208) +* discarding file cache: dd invocation. (line 223) * disk allocation: What information is listed. (line 244) -* disk device file: df invocation. (line 19) +* disk device file: df invocation. (line 30) * disk usage: Disk usage. (line 6) * disk usage by file system: df invocation. (line 6) * disk usage for files: du invocation. (line 6) -* diskette file system: df invocation. (line 139) +* diskette file system: df invocation. (line 217) * displacement of dates: Relative items in date strings. (line 6) * displaying text: echo invocation. (line 6) @@ -16818,14 +17213,15 @@ Index * division: Numeric expressions. (line 16) * do nothing, successfully: true invocation. (line 6) * do nothing, unsuccessfully: false invocation. (line 6) -* DOS file system: df invocation. (line 139) -* double spacing: pr invocation. (line 94) -* down columns: pr invocation. (line 68) +* DOS file system: df invocation. (line 217) +* double spacing: pr invocation. (line 75) +* down columns: pr invocation. (line 49) * dsusp: Characters. (line 53) -* dsync: dd invocation. (line 197) +* dsync: dd invocation. (line 212) +* DTR/DSR flow control: Control. (line 39) * du: du invocation. (line 6) * DU_BLOCK_SIZE: Block size. (line 12) -* ebcdic, converting to: dd invocation. (line 75) +* ebcdic, converting to: dd invocation. (line 90) * echo <1>: Local. (line 18) * echo: echo invocation. (line 6) * echoctl: Local. (line 51) @@ -16836,7 +17232,7 @@ Index * echoprt: Local. (line 46) * effective user and group IDs, printing: id invocation. (line 6) * effective user ID, printing: whoami invocation. (line 6) -* efs file system type: df invocation. (line 131) +* efs file system type: df invocation. (line 209) * Eggert, Paul: Authors of parse_datetime. (line 6) * eight-bit characters <1>: Combination. (line 55) @@ -16849,7 +17245,6 @@ Index (line 6) * env: env invocation. (line 6) * environment variables, printing: printenv invocation. (line 6) -* environment, preserving: su invocation. (line 64) * environment, printing: env invocation. (line 45) * environment, running a program in a modified: env invocation. (line 6) @@ -16874,8 +17269,8 @@ Index * examples of date: Examples of date. (line 6) * examples of expr: Examples of expr. (line 6) * exbibyte, definition of: Block size. (line 121) -* excl: dd invocation. (line 134) -* excluding files from du: du invocation. (line 207) +* excl: dd invocation. (line 149) +* excluding files from du: du invocation. (line 231) * executable file check: Access permission tests. (line 24) * executables and file type, marking: General output formatting. @@ -16892,7 +17287,7 @@ Index * exit status of false: false invocation. (line 6) * exit status of ls: ls invocation. (line 29) * exit status of mktemp: mktemp invocation. (line 130) -* exit status of nice: nice invocation. (line 56) +* exit status of nice: nice invocation. (line 60) * exit status of nohup: nohup invocation. (line 47) * exit status of pathchk: pathchk invocation. (line 50) * exit status of printenv: printenv invocation. (line 25) @@ -16900,9 +17295,8 @@ Index * exit status of runcon: runcon invocation. (line 46) * exit status of sort: sort invocation. (line 58) * exit status of stdbuf: stdbuf invocation. (line 67) -* exit status of su: su invocation. (line 80) * exit status of test: test invocation. (line 41) -* exit status of timeout: timeout invocation. (line 53) +* exit status of timeout: timeout invocation. (line 59) * exit status of true: true invocation. (line 6) * exit status of tty: tty invocation. (line 21) * expand: expand invocation. (line 6) @@ -16917,8 +17311,7 @@ Index * factor: factor invocation. (line 6) * failure exit status: false invocation. (line 6) * false: false invocation. (line 6) -* fascism: su invocation. (line 87) -* fdatasync: dd invocation. (line 150) +* fdatasync: dd invocation. (line 165) * ffN: Output. (line 63) * field separator character: sort invocation. (line 325) * fields, padding numeric: Padding and other flags. @@ -16929,13 +17322,12 @@ Index * file characteristic tests: File characteristic tests. (line 6) * file contents, dumping unambiguously: od invocation. (line 6) -* file information, preserving: cp invocation. (line 237) +* file information, preserving: cp invocation. (line 240) * file information, preserving, extended attributes, xattr: cp invocation. - (line 169) + (line 171) * file mode bits, numeric: Numeric Modes. (line 6) * file name manipulation: File name manipulation. (line 6) -* file name pattern expansion, disabled: su invocation. (line 44) * file names, canonicalization: realpath invocation. (line 6) * file names, checking validity and portability: pathchk invocation. (line 6) @@ -16944,22 +17336,22 @@ Index (line 6) * file offset radix: od invocation. (line 36) * file ownership, changing: chown invocation. (line 6) -* file sizes: du invocation. (line 50) +* file sizes: du invocation. (line 53) * file space usage: du invocation. (line 6) * file status: stat invocation. (line 6) * file system disk usage: df invocation. (line 6) -* file system sizes: df invocation. (line 38) +* file system sizes: df invocation. (line 49) * file system space, retrieving current data more slowly: df invocation. - (line 106) + (line 184) * file system space, retrieving old data more quickly: df invocation. - (line 73) + (line 89) * file system status: stat invocation. (line 6) * file system types, limiting output to certain: df invocation. - (line 69) -* file system types, printing: df invocation. (line 119) + (line 85) +* file system types, printing: df invocation. (line 197) * file systems: stat invocation. (line 28) * file systems and hard links: ln invocation. (line 6) -* file systems, omitting copying to different: cp invocation. (line 376) +* file systems, omitting copying to different: cp invocation. (line 379) * file timestamp resolution: touch invocation. (line 26) * file timestamps, changing: touch invocation. (line 6) * file type and executables, marking: General output formatting. @@ -16970,7 +17362,7 @@ Index * file types: Special file types. (line 9) * file types, special: Special file types. (line 6) * file utilities: Top. (line 18) -* files beginning with -, removing: rm invocation. (line 98) +* files beginning with -, removing: rm invocation. (line 102) * files, copying: cp invocation. (line 6) * files, creating: truncate invocation. (line 11) * fingerprint, 128-bit: md5sum invocation. (line 6) @@ -16982,7 +17374,7 @@ Index * first in date strings: General date syntax. (line 28) * first part of files, outputting: head invocation. (line 6) * fixed-length records, converting to variable-length: dd invocation. - (line 40) + (line 41) * floating point: Floating point. (line 6) * flow control, hardware: Control. (line 36) * flow control, software: Input. (line 45) @@ -16996,22 +17388,21 @@ Index (line 6) * formatting of numbers in seq: seq invocation. (line 24) * formatting times <1>: date invocation. (line 20) -* formatting times: pr invocation. (line 98) +* formatting times: pr invocation. (line 79) * fortnight in date strings: Relative items in date strings. (line 15) -* fsync: dd invocation. (line 154) -* fullblock: dd invocation. (line 255) +* fsync: dd invocation. (line 169) +* fullblock: dd invocation. (line 270) * general date syntax: General date syntax. (line 6) * general numeric sort: sort invocation. (line 105) * gibibyte, definition of: Block size. (line 100) * gigabyte, definition of: Block size. (line 96) * giving away permissions: Umask and Protection. (line 12) -* globbing, disabled: su invocation. (line 44) * GMT: Options for date. (line 113) * grand total of disk size, usage and available space: df invocation. - (line 42) -* grand total of disk space: du invocation. (line 55) + (line 53) +* grand total of disk space: du invocation. (line 62) * graph: Character sets. (line 107) * Greenwich Mean Time: Options for date. (line 113) * group IDs, disambiguating: Disambiguating names and IDs. @@ -17023,7 +17414,6 @@ Index (line 68) * group ownership, changing <1>: chgrp invocation. (line 6) * group ownership, changing: chown invocation. (line 6) -* group wheel, not supported: su invocation. (line 87) * group, permissions for: Setting Permissions. (line 26) * groups: groups invocation. (line 6) * growing files: tail invocation. (line 48) @@ -17031,13 +17421,13 @@ Index * hard link check: File characteristic tests. (line 23) * hard link, defined: ln invocation. (line 32) -* hard links: dd invocation. (line 244) +* hard links: dd invocation. (line 259) * hard links to directories: ln invocation. (line 90) * hard links to symbolic links: ln invocation. (line 173) -* hard links, counting in du: du invocation. (line 96) +* hard links, counting in du: du invocation. (line 115) * hard links, creating <1>: ln invocation. (line 6) * hard links, creating: link invocation. (line 6) -* hard links, preserving: cp invocation. (line 109) +* hard links, preserving: cp invocation. (line 111) * hardware class: uname invocation. (line 41) * hardware flow control: Control. (line 36) * hardware platform: uname invocation. (line 35) @@ -17048,10 +17438,9 @@ Index * headers, numbering: nl invocation. (line 17) * help, online: Common options. (line 37) * hex dump of files: od invocation. (line 6) -* High Sierra file system: df invocation. (line 135) -* holes, copying files with: cp invocation. (line 297) +* High Sierra file system: df invocation. (line 213) +* holes, copying files with: cp invocation. (line 300) * holes, creating files with: truncate invocation. (line 13) -* HOME: su invocation. (line 18) * horizontal, listing files: General output formatting. (line 107) * host processor type: uname invocation. (line 50) @@ -17060,35 +17449,35 @@ Index * hostname: uname invocation. (line 46) * hour in date strings: Relative items in date strings. (line 15) -* hsfs file system type: df invocation. (line 135) +* hsfs file system type: df invocation. (line 213) * human numeric sort: sort invocation. (line 130) -* human-readable output <1>: du invocation. (line 81) -* human-readable output <2>: df invocation. (line 48) +* human-readable output <1>: du invocation. (line 97) +* human-readable output <2>: df invocation. (line 64) * human-readable output <3>: What information is listed. (line 116) * human-readable output: Block size. (line 43) * hup[cl]: Control. (line 23) * hurd, author, printing: What information is listed. (line 10) -* ibs: dd invocation. (line 25) +* ibs: dd invocation. (line 26) * icanon: Local. (line 11) * icrnl: Input. (line 34) * id: id invocation. (line 6) * idle time: who invocation. (line 86) * IEEE floating point: Floating point. (line 6) * iexten: Local. (line 15) -* if: dd invocation. (line 17) -* iflag: dd invocation. (line 159) +* if: dd invocation. (line 18) +* iflag: dd invocation. (line 174) * ignbrk: Input. (line 9) * igncr: Input. (line 31) -* ignore file systems: df invocation. (line 32) +* ignore file systems: df invocation. (line 43) * Ignore garbage in base64 stream: base64 invocation. (line 36) * ignoring case: sort invocation. (line 94) * ignpar: Input. (line 15) * imaxbel: Input. (line 59) * immunity to hangups: nohup invocation. (line 6) * implementation, hardware: uname invocation. (line 35) -* indenting lines: pr invocation. (line 200) +* indenting lines: pr invocation. (line 181) * index: String expressions. (line 45) * information, about current users: who invocation. (line 6) * initial part of files, outputting: head invocation. (line 6) @@ -17096,22 +17485,22 @@ Index * inlcr: Input. (line 28) * inode number, printing: What information is listed. (line 123) -* inode usage: df invocation. (line 58) +* inode usage: df invocation. (line 74) * inode, and hard links: ln invocation. (line 32) * inodes, written buffered: sync invocation. (line 6) * inpck: Input. (line 22) -* input block size: dd invocation. (line 25) +* input block size: dd invocation. (line 26) * input encoding, UTF-8: Input. (line 37) * input range to shuffle: shuf invocation. (line 23) * input settings: Input. (line 6) -* input tabs: pr invocation. (line 118) +* input tabs: pr invocation. (line 99) * install: install invocation. (line 6) * intr: Characters. (line 20) * invocation of commands, modified: Modified command invocation. (line 6) * isig: Local. (line 7) * ISO 8601 date and time of day format: Combined date and time of day items. - (line 14) + (line 6) * ISO 8601 date format: Calendar date items. (line 30) * ISO/IEC 10646: printf invocation. (line 70) * ispeed: Special. (line 16) @@ -17128,8 +17517,8 @@ Index * kernel release: uname invocation. (line 61) * kernel version: uname invocation. (line 76) * kibibyte, definition of: Block size. (line 84) -* kibibytes for file sizes: du invocation. (line 90) -* kibibytes for file system sizes: df invocation. (line 63) +* kibibytes for file sizes: du invocation. (line 103) +* kibibytes for file system sizes: df invocation. (line 79) * kill <1>: kill invocation. (line 6) * kill: Characters. (line 29) * kilobyte, definition of: Block size. (line 79) @@ -17138,7 +17527,7 @@ Index * last DAY <1>: Day of week items. (line 15) * last DAY: Options for date. (line 11) * last in date strings: General date syntax. (line 28) -* last modified dates, displaying in du: du invocation. (line 150) +* last modified dates, displaying in du: du invocation. (line 178) * last part of files, outputting: tail invocation. (line 6) * LC_ALL <1>: ls invocation. (line 17) * LC_ALL: sort invocation. (line 49) @@ -17155,22 +17544,31 @@ Index * LC_NUMERIC <3>: Floating point. (line 17) * LC_NUMERIC: Block size. (line 58) * LC_TIME <1>: date invocation. (line 11) -* LC_TIME <2>: du invocation. (line 170) +* LC_TIME <2>: du invocation. (line 198) * LC_TIME <3>: Formatting file timestamps. (line 30) * LC_TIME <4>: sort invocation. (line 152) -* LC_TIME: pr invocation. (line 105) +* LC_TIME: pr invocation. (line 86) * LCASE: Combination. (line 71) * lcase: Combination. (line 71) -* lcase, converting to: dd invocation. (line 99) +* lcase, converting to: dd invocation. (line 114) * lchown <1>: chgrp invocation. (line 30) * lchown: chown invocation. (line 103) * leading directories, creating missing: install invocation. (line 62) * leading directory components, stripping: basename invocation. (line 6) -* left margin: pr invocation. (line 200) +* leap seconds <1>: Seconds since the Epoch. + (line 27) +* leap seconds <2>: Time of day items. (line 14) +* leap seconds <3>: General date syntax. (line 71) +* leap seconds <4>: Examples of date. (line 104) +* leap seconds <5>: Options for date. (line 113) +* leap seconds <6>: Time conversion specifiers. + (line 42) +* leap seconds: touch invocation. (line 129) +* left margin: pr invocation. (line 181) * length: String expressions. (line 50) -* limiting output of du: du invocation. (line 118) +* limiting output of du: du invocation. (line 75) * line: Special. (line 37) * line buffered: stdbuf invocation. (line 6) * line count: wc invocation. (line 6) @@ -17182,14 +17580,14 @@ Index * link: link invocation. (line 6) * links, creating <1>: ln invocation. (line 6) * links, creating: link invocation. (line 6) -* Linux file system types: df invocation. (line 131) +* Linux file system types: df invocation. (line 209) * literal conversion specifiers: Literal conversion specifiers. (line 6) * litout: Combination. (line 59) * ln: ln invocation. (line 6) * ln format for nl: nl invocation. (line 98) * lnext: Characters. (line 62) -* local file system types: df invocation. (line 131) +* local file system types: df invocation. (line 209) * local settings: Local. (line 6) * logging out and continuing to run: nohup invocation. (line 6) * logical and operator <1>: Relations for expr. (line 17) @@ -17204,10 +17602,7 @@ Index * logical pages, numbering on: nl invocation. (line 12) * login name, printing: logname invocation. (line 6) * login sessions, printing users with: users invocation. (line 6) -* login shell: su invocation. (line 18) -* login shell, creating: su invocation. (line 53) * login time: who invocation. (line 11) -* LOGNAME: su invocation. (line 18) * logname: logname invocation. (line 6) * long ls format: What information is listed. (line 131) @@ -17234,7 +17629,7 @@ Index * MD5: md5sum invocation. (line 6) * md5sum: md5sum invocation. (line 6) * mebibyte, definition of: Block size. (line 93) -* mebibytes for file sizes: du invocation. (line 106) +* mebibytes for file sizes: du invocation. (line 119) * megabyte, definition of: Block size. (line 89) * merging files: paste invocation. (line 6) * merging files in parallel: pr invocation. (line 6) @@ -17254,7 +17649,6 @@ Index * minute in date strings: Relative items in date strings. (line 15) * minutes, time zone correction by: Time of day items. (line 30) -* MIT AI lab: su invocation. (line 92) * mkdir: mkdir invocation. (line 6) * mkfifo: mkfifo invocation. (line 6) * mknod: mknod invocation. (line 6) @@ -17275,12 +17669,12 @@ Index * month names in date strings: Calendar date items. (line 38) * months, sorting by: sort invocation. (line 152) * months, written-out: General date syntax. (line 38) -* MS-DOS file system: df invocation. (line 139) +* MS-DOS file system: df invocation. (line 217) * mtime, changing: touch invocation. (line 115) * multicolumn output, generating: pr invocation. (line 6) * multiple changes to permissions: Multiple Changes. (line 6) * multiplication: Numeric expressions. (line 16) -* multipliers after numbers: dd invocation. (line 287) +* multipliers after numbers: dd invocation. (line 306) * multithreaded sort: sort invocation. (line 353) * mv: mv invocation. (line 6) * name follow option: tail invocation. (line 48) @@ -17288,8 +17682,8 @@ Index * named pipe check: File type tests. (line 28) * named pipes, creating: mkfifo invocation. (line 6) * network node name: uname invocation. (line 46) -* never interactive option: rm invocation. (line 52) -* newer files, copying only: cp invocation. (line 358) +* never interactive option: rm invocation. (line 56) +* newer files, copying only: cp invocation. (line 361) * newer files, moving only: mv invocation. (line 82) * newer-than file check: File characteristic tests. (line 15) @@ -17300,8 +17694,8 @@ Index * next DAY <1>: Day of week items. (line 15) * next DAY: Options for date. (line 11) * next in date strings: General date syntax. (line 28) -* NFS file system type: df invocation. (line 126) -* NFS mounts from BSD to HP-UX <1>: du invocation. (line 218) +* NFS file system type: df invocation. (line 204) +* NFS mounts from BSD to HP-UX <1>: du invocation. (line 246) * NFS mounts from BSD to HP-UX: What information is listed. (line 252) * nice: nice invocation. (line 6) @@ -17309,26 +17703,27 @@ Index * nl <1>: Combination. (line 18) * nl: nl invocation. (line 6) * nlN: Output. (line 39) -* no dereference: chcon invocation. (line 22) +* no dereference: chcon invocation. (line 26) * no-op: true invocation. (line 6) -* noatime: dd invocation. (line 230) -* nocache: dd invocation. (line 208) -* nocreat: dd invocation. (line 138) -* noctty: dd invocation. (line 235) +* noatime: dd invocation. (line 245) +* nocache: dd invocation. (line 223) +* nocreat: dd invocation. (line 153) +* noctty: dd invocation. (line 250) * node name: uname invocation. (line 46) -* noerror: dd invocation. (line 147) +* noerror: dd invocation. (line 162) * noflsh: Local. (line 32) -* nofollow: dd invocation. (line 241) +* nofollow: dd invocation. (line 256) * nohup: nohup invocation. (line 6) * nohup.out: nohup invocation. (line 6) -* nolinks: dd invocation. (line 244) -* non-directories, copying as special files: cp invocation. (line 96) +* nolinks: dd invocation. (line 259) +* non-directories, copying as special files: cp invocation. (line 98) * non-directory suffix, stripping: dirname invocation. (line 6) -* nonblock: dd invocation. (line 227) -* nonblocking I/O: dd invocation. (line 227) +* nonblock: dd invocation. (line 242) +* nonblocking I/O: dd invocation. (line 242) * none backup method: Backup options. (line 31) * none color option: General output formatting. (line 23) +* none dd status=: dd invocation. (line 75) * none, sorting option for ls: Sorting the output. (line 49) * nonempty file check: File characteristic tests. (line 12) @@ -17336,9 +17731,10 @@ Index * nonzero-length string check: String tests. (line 19) * noon in date strings: Time of day items. (line 22) * not-equal string check: String tests. (line 28) -* notrunc: dd invocation. (line 144) +* notrunc: dd invocation. (line 159) * now in date strings: Relative items in date strings. (line 33) +* noxfer dd status=: dd invocation. (line 71) * nproc: nproc invocation. (line 6) * number of inputs to merge, nmerge: sort invocation. (line 259) * numbered backup method: Backup options. (line 35) @@ -17356,24 +17752,25 @@ Index (line 234) * numeric user and group IDs: What information is listed. (line 234) -* obs: dd invocation. (line 29) +* numfmt: numfmt invocation. (line 6) +* obs: dd invocation. (line 30) * ocrnl: Output. (line 16) * octal dump of files: od invocation. (line 6) * octal numbers for file modes: Numeric Modes. (line 6) * od: od invocation. (line 6) * odd parity: Control. (line 13) * oddp: Combination. (line 14) -* of: dd invocation. (line 20) +* of: dd invocation. (line 21) * ofdel: Output. (line 34) * ofill: Output. (line 30) -* oflag: dd invocation. (line 163) +* oflag: dd invocation. (line 178) * olcuc: Output. (line 12) * older-than file check: File characteristic tests. (line 19) -* once interactive option: rm invocation. (line 54) -* one file system, restricting du to: du invocation. (line 203) -* one file system, restricting rm to: rm invocation. (line 63) -* one-line output format: df invocation. (line 80) +* once interactive option: rm invocation. (line 58) +* one file system, restricting du to: du invocation. (line 242) +* one file system, restricting rm to: rm invocation. (line 67) +* one-line output format: df invocation. (line 158) * onlcr: Output. (line 19) * onlret: Output. (line 27) * onocr: Output. (line 23) @@ -17391,21 +17788,21 @@ Index * ordinal numbers: General date syntax. (line 28) * ospeed: Special. (line 19) * other permissions: Setting Permissions. (line 29) -* output block size: dd invocation. (line 29) +* output block size: dd invocation. (line 30) * output file name prefix <1>: csplit invocation. (line 62) * output file name prefix: split invocation. (line 15) * output file name suffix: csplit invocation. (line 66) * output format: stat invocation. (line 34) -* output format, portable: df invocation. (line 80) +* output format, portable: df invocation. (line 158) * output NUL-byte-terminated lines <1>: env invocation. (line 83) * output NUL-byte-terminated lines <2>: printenv invocation. (line 19) -* output NUL-byte-terminated lines: du invocation. (line 124) +* output NUL-byte-terminated lines: du invocation. (line 26) * output of entire files: Output of entire files. (line 6) * output of parts of files: Output of parts of files. (line 6) * output settings: Output. (line 6) -* output tabs: pr invocation. (line 137) +* output tabs: pr invocation. (line 118) * overwriting of input, allowed <1>: shuf invocation. (line 37) * overwriting of input, allowed: sort invocation. (line 285) * owned by effective group ID check: Access permission tests. @@ -17422,7 +17819,7 @@ Index (line 6) * paragraphs, reformatting: fmt invocation. (line 6) * parenb: Control. (line 9) -* parent directories and cp: cp invocation. (line 241) +* parent directories and cp: cp invocation. (line 244) * parent directories, creating: mkdir invocation. (line 34) * parent directories, creating missing: install invocation. (line 62) * parent directories, removing: rmdir invocation. (line 22) @@ -17437,15 +17834,13 @@ Index * parts of files, output of: Output of parts of files. (line 6) * pass8: Combination. (line 55) -* passwd entry, and su shell: su invocation. (line 12) * paste: paste invocation. (line 6) * Paterson, R.: Introduction. (line 19) -* PATH <1>: su invocation. (line 53) * PATH: env invocation. (line 23) * pathchk: pathchk invocation. (line 6) * pattern matching: String expressions. (line 11) -* PC file system: df invocation. (line 139) -* pcfs: df invocation. (line 139) +* PC file system: df invocation. (line 217) +* pcfs: df invocation. (line 217) * pebibyte, definition of: Block size. (line 114) * permission tests: Access permission tests. (line 6) @@ -17468,15 +17863,15 @@ Index * platform, hardware: uname invocation. (line 35) * pm in date strings: Time of day items. (line 22) * portable file names, checking for: pathchk invocation. (line 6) -* portable output format: df invocation. (line 80) +* portable output format: df invocation. (line 158) * POSIX: Introduction. (line 11) -* POSIX output format: df invocation. (line 80) +* POSIX output format: df invocation. (line 158) * POSIXLY_CORRECT <1>: id invocation. (line 11) * POSIXLY_CORRECT <2>: printf invocation. (line 48) * POSIXLY_CORRECT <3>: echo invocation. (line 78) -* POSIXLY_CORRECT <4>: dd invocation. (line 328) +* POSIXLY_CORRECT <4>: dd invocation. (line 347) * POSIXLY_CORRECT <5>: sort invocation. (line 293) -* POSIXLY_CORRECT <6>: pr invocation. (line 105) +* POSIXLY_CORRECT <6>: pr invocation. (line 86) * POSIXLY_CORRECT <7>: Standards conformance. (line 6) * POSIXLY_CORRECT: Common options. (line 11) @@ -17535,12 +17930,12 @@ Index * random sources: Random sources. (line 6) * ranges: Character sets. (line 51) * raw: Combination. (line 43) -* read errors, ignoring: dd invocation. (line 147) +* read errors, ignoring: dd invocation. (line 162) * read from stdin and write to stdout and files: tee invocation. (line 6) * read permission: Mode Structure. (line 12) * read permission, symbolic: Setting Permissions. (line 57) -* read system call, and holes: cp invocation. (line 297) +* read system call, and holes: cp invocation. (line 300) * readable file check: Access permission tests. (line 15) * readlink: readlink invocation. (line 6) @@ -17552,9 +17947,9 @@ Index * recursively changing access permissions: chmod invocation. (line 69) * recursively changing file ownership: chown invocation. (line 140) * recursively changing group ownership: chgrp invocation. (line 66) -* recursively copying directories: cp invocation. (line 96) +* recursively copying directories: cp invocation. (line 98) * redirection: Redirection. (line 6) -* reference file: chcon invocation. (line 25) +* reference file: chcon invocation. (line 30) * reformatting paragraph text: fmt invocation. (line 6) * regular expression matching: String expressions. (line 11) * regular file check: File type tests. (line 19) @@ -17575,7 +17970,6 @@ Index * repeated lines, outputting: uniq invocation. (line 63) * repeated output of a string: yes invocation. (line 6) * restricted deletion flag: Mode Structure. (line 56) -* restricted shell: su invocation. (line 64) * return, ignoring: Input. (line 31) * return, translating to newline <1>: Output. (line 16) * return, translating to newline: Input. (line 34) @@ -17586,7 +17980,7 @@ Index * rmdir: rmdir invocation. (line 6) * rn format for nl: nl invocation. (line 101) * root as default owner: install invocation. (line 86) -* root directory, allow recursive destruction: rm invocation. (line 84) +* root directory, allow recursive destruction: rm invocation. (line 88) * root directory, allow recursive modification <1>: chmod invocation. (line 54) * root directory, allow recursive modification <2>: chgrp invocation. @@ -17594,7 +17988,7 @@ Index * root directory, allow recursive modification: chown invocation. (line 121) * root directory, disallow recursive destruction: rm invocation. - (line 79) + (line 83) * root directory, disallow recursive modification <1>: chmod invocation. (line 49) * root directory, disallow recursive modification <2>: chgrp invocation. @@ -17603,7 +17997,6 @@ Index (line 116) * root directory, running a program in a specified: chroot invocation. (line 6) -* root, becoming: su invocation. (line 6) * rows: Special. (line 22) * rprnt: Characters. (line 56) * RTS/CTS flow control: Control. (line 36) @@ -17632,8 +18025,8 @@ Index * security context <5>: install invocation. (line 91) * security context: What information is listed. (line 268) -* seek: dd invocation. (line 50) -* seek_bytes: dd invocation. (line 273) +* seek: dd invocation. (line 51) +* seek_bytes: dd invocation. (line 292) * self-backups: cp invocation. (line 53) * SELinux <1>: id invocation. (line 48) * SELinux <2>: mknod invocation. (line 54) @@ -17671,7 +18064,6 @@ Index * sha256sum: sha2 utilities. (line 6) * sha384sum: sha2 utilities. (line 6) * sha512sum: sha2 utilities. (line 6) -* SHELL: su invocation. (line 18) * SHELL environment variable, and color <1>: dircolors invocation. (line 23) * SHELL environment variable, and color: General output formatting. @@ -17680,8 +18072,8 @@ Index * shred: shred invocation. (line 6) * shuf: shuf invocation. (line 6) * shuffling files: shuf invocation. (line 6) -* SI output <1>: du invocation. (line 130) -* SI output <2>: df invocation. (line 99) +* SI output <1>: du invocation. (line 138) +* SI output <2>: df invocation. (line 177) * SI output <3>: What information is listed. (line 260) * SI output: Block size. (line 43) @@ -17697,8 +18089,8 @@ Index * size of files, reporting: What information is listed. (line 244) * size of files, sorting files by: Sorting the output. (line 32) -* skip: dd invocation. (line 45) -* skip_bytes: dd invocation. (line 267) +* skip: dd invocation. (line 46) +* skip_bytes: dd invocation. (line 286) * sleep: sleep invocation. (line 6) * socket check: File type tests. (line 31) * software flow control: Input. (line 45) @@ -17711,8 +18103,8 @@ Index * sorting files: sort invocation. (line 6) * sorting ls output: Sorting the output. (line 6) * space: Character sets. (line 119) -* sparse: dd invocation. (line 107) -* sparse files, copying: cp invocation. (line 297) +* sparse: dd invocation. (line 122) +* sparse files, copying: cp invocation. (line 300) * sparse files, creating: truncate invocation. (line 13) * special characters: Characters. (line 6) * special file types: Special file types. (line 6) @@ -17731,9 +18123,9 @@ Index * standard streams, buffering: stdbuf invocation. (line 6) * start: Characters. (line 44) * stat: stat invocation. (line 6) -* status: dd invocation. (line 61) +* status: dd invocation. (line 66) * status time, printing or sorting by: Sorting the output. (line 13) -* status time, show the most recent: du invocation. (line 156) +* status time, show the most recent: du invocation. (line 184) * stdbuf: stdbuf invocation. (line 6) * sticky: Mode Structure. (line 56) * sticky bit check: Access permission tests. @@ -17749,10 +18141,8 @@ Index * stripping non-directory suffix: dirname invocation. (line 6) * stripping symbol table information: install invocation. (line 108) * stripping trailing slashes <1>: mv invocation. (line 95) -* stripping trailing slashes: cp invocation. (line 331) +* stripping trailing slashes: cp invocation. (line 334) * stty: stty invocation. (line 6) -* su: su invocation. (line 6) -* substitute user and group IDs: su invocation. (line 6) * substr: String expressions. (line 40) * subtracting permissions: Setting Permissions. (line 42) * subtraction: Numeric expressions. (line 12) @@ -17760,11 +18150,10 @@ Index * suffix, stripping from file names: basename invocation. (line 6) * sum: sum invocation. (line 6) * summarizing files: Summarizing files. (line 6) -* super-user, becoming: su invocation. (line 6) * superblock, writing: sync invocation. (line 6) * supplementary groups, printing: groups invocation. (line 6) * susp: Characters. (line 50) -* swab (byte-swapping): dd invocation. (line 120) +* swab (byte-swapping): dd invocation. (line 135) * swap space, saving text image in: Mode Structure. (line 56) * swtch: Characters. (line 41) * symbol table information, stripping: install invocation. (line 108) @@ -17775,7 +18164,7 @@ Index * symbolic link to directory, controlling traversal of: Traversing symlinks. (line 6) * symbolic link to directory, never traverse <1>: chcon invocation. - (line 42) + (line 56) * symbolic link to directory, never traverse <2>: chgrp invocation. (line 79) * symbolic link to directory, never traverse <3>: chown invocation. @@ -17783,7 +18172,7 @@ Index * symbolic link to directory, never traverse: Traversing symlinks. (line 26) * symbolic link to directory, traverse each that is encountered <1>: chcon invocation. - (line 38) + (line 52) * symbolic link to directory, traverse each that is encountered <2>: chgrp invocation. (line 75) * symbolic link to directory, traverse each that is encountered <3>: chown invocation. @@ -17791,7 +18180,7 @@ Index * symbolic link to directory, traverse each that is encountered: Traversing symlinks. (line 22) * symbolic link to directory, traverse if on the command line <1>: chcon invocation. - (line 33) + (line 47) * symbolic link to directory, traverse if on the command line <2>: chgrp invocation. (line 70) * symbolic link to directory, traverse if on the command line <3>: chown invocation. @@ -17805,26 +18194,25 @@ Index * symbolic links, changing owner <1>: chgrp invocation. (line 30) * symbolic links, changing owner: chown invocation. (line 80) * symbolic links, changing time: touch invocation. (line 100) -* symbolic links, copying: cp invocation. (line 109) -* symbolic links, copying with: cp invocation. (line 336) +* symbolic links, copying: cp invocation. (line 111) +* symbolic links, copying with: cp invocation. (line 339) * symbolic links, dereferencing: Which files are listed. (line 36) -* symbolic links, dereferencing in du: du invocation. (line 101) +* symbolic links, dereferencing in du: du invocation. (line 109) * symbolic links, dereferencing in stat: stat invocation. (line 22) -* symbolic links, following: dd invocation. (line 241) +* symbolic links, following: dd invocation. (line 256) * symbolic links, permissions of: chmod invocation. (line 10) * symbolic modes: Symbolic Modes. (line 6) * symlinks, resolution: realpath invocation. (line 6) * sync <1>: sync invocation. (line 6) -* sync: dd invocation. (line 205) -* sync (padding with ASCII NULs): dd invocation. (line 125) +* sync: dd invocation. (line 220) +* sync (padding with ASCII NULs): dd invocation. (line 140) * synchronize disk and memory: sync invocation. (line 6) -* synchronized data and metadata I/O: dd invocation. (line 205) +* synchronized data and metadata I/O: dd invocation. (line 220) * synchronized data and metadata writes, before finishing: dd invocation. - (line 154) -* synchronized data reads: dd invocation. (line 197) -* synchronized data writes, before finishing: dd invocation. (line 150) -* syslog: su invocation. (line 29) + (line 169) +* synchronized data reads: dd invocation. (line 212) +* synchronized data writes, before finishing: dd invocation. (line 165) * system context: System context. (line 6) * system information, printing <1>: uname invocation. (line 6) * system information, printing <2>: nproc invocation. (line 6) @@ -17842,7 +18230,7 @@ Index * target directory <1>: ln invocation. (line 161) * target directory <2>: mv invocation. (line 105) * target directory <3>: install invocation. (line 120) -* target directory <4>: cp invocation. (line 349) +* target directory <4>: cp invocation. (line 352) * target directory: Target directory. (line 6) * tebibyte, definition of: Block size. (line 107) * tee: tee invocation. (line 6) @@ -17850,7 +18238,6 @@ Index * temporary directory: sort invocation. (line 345) * temporary files and directories: mktemp invocation. (line 6) * terabyte, definition of: Block size. (line 103) -* TERM: su invocation. (line 53) * terminal check: File type tests. (line 34) * terminal file name, printing: tty invocation. (line 6) * terminal lines, currently used: who invocation. (line 11) @@ -17859,10 +18246,10 @@ Index (line 25) * terse output: stat invocation. (line 54) * test: test invocation. (line 6) -* text: dd invocation. (line 251) -* text I/O: dd invocation. (line 251) +* text: dd invocation. (line 266) +* text I/O: dd invocation. (line 266) * text image, saving in swap space: Mode Structure. (line 56) -* text input files: md5sum invocation. (line 86) +* text input files: md5sum invocation. (line 95) * text utilities: Top. (line 18) * text, displaying: echo invocation. (line 6) * text, reformatting: fmt invocation. (line 6) @@ -17873,20 +18260,20 @@ Index * time conversion specifiers: Time conversion specifiers. (line 6) * time formats <1>: date invocation. (line 20) -* time formats: pr invocation. (line 98) +* time formats: pr invocation. (line 79) * time limit: timeout invocation. (line 6) * time of day item: Time of day items. (line 6) * time setting: Setting the time. (line 6) -* time style <1>: du invocation. (line 165) +* time style <1>: du invocation. (line 193) * time style: Formatting file timestamps. (line 26) * time units <1>: sleep invocation. (line 11) -* time units: timeout invocation. (line 44) +* time units: timeout invocation. (line 50) * time zone correction: Time of day items. (line 30) * time zone item <1>: Time zone items. (line 6) * time zone item: General date syntax. (line 46) * time, printing or setting: date invocation. (line 6) -* TIME_STYLE <1>: du invocation. (line 193) +* TIME_STYLE <1>: du invocation. (line 221) * TIME_STYLE: Formatting file timestamps. (line 106) * timeout: timeout invocation. (line 6) @@ -17908,11 +18295,10 @@ Index * translating characters: Translating. (line 6) * true: true invocation. (line 6) * truncate: truncate invocation. (line 6) -* truncating output file, avoiding: dd invocation. (line 144) +* truncating output file, avoiding: dd invocation. (line 159) * truncating, file sizes: truncate invocation. (line 6) * tsort: tsort invocation. (line 6) * tty: tty invocation. (line 6) -* Twenex: su invocation. (line 92) * two-way parity: Control. (line 9) * type size: od invocation. (line 122) * TZ <1>: Specifying time zone rules. @@ -17924,14 +18310,14 @@ Index * TZ <6>: touch invocation. (line 65) * TZ <7>: Formatting file timestamps. (line 18) -* TZ: pr invocation. (line 111) +* TZ: pr invocation. (line 92) * u, and disabling special characters: Characters. (line 13) -* ucase, converting to: dd invocation. (line 102) -* ufs file system type: df invocation. (line 131) +* ucase, converting to: dd invocation. (line 117) +* ufs file system type: df invocation. (line 209) * umask and modes: Umask and Protection. (line 6) * uname: uname invocation. (line 6) -* unblock: dd invocation. (line 93) +* unblock: dd invocation. (line 108) * unexpand: unexpand invocation. (line 6) * Unicode: printf invocation. (line 70) * uniq: uniq invocation. (line 6) @@ -17946,9 +18332,7 @@ Index * uptime: uptime invocation. (line 6) * use time, changing: touch invocation. (line 78) * use time, printing or sorting files by: Sorting the output. (line 13) -* use time, show the most recent: du invocation. (line 156) -* USER: su invocation. (line 18) -* user ID, switching: su invocation. (line 6) +* use time, show the most recent: du invocation. (line 184) * user IDs, disambiguating: Disambiguating names and IDs. (line 6) * user information, commands for: User information. (line 6) @@ -17963,7 +18347,7 @@ Index * utmp: logname invocation. (line 6) * valid file names, checking for: pathchk invocation. (line 6) * variable-length records, converting to fixed-length: dd invocation. - (line 40) + (line 41) * vdir: vdir invocation. (line 6) * verbose ls format: What information is listed. (line 131) @@ -17985,7 +18369,6 @@ Index * week in date strings: Relative items in date strings. (line 15) * werase: Characters. (line 59) -* wheel group, not supported: su invocation. (line 87) * who: who invocation. (line 6) * who am i: who invocation. (line 21) * whoami: whoami invocation. (line 6) @@ -18019,226 +18402,226 @@ Index Tag Table: -Node: Top8392 -Node: Introduction22287 -Node: Common options23846 -Node: Exit status27122 -Node: Backup options27873 -Node: Block size29797 -Node: Floating point34651 -Node: Signal specifications36061 -Node: Disambiguating names and IDs38115 -Ref: Disambiguating names and IDs-Footnote-139684 -Node: Random sources39754 -Node: Target directory41371 -Node: Trailing slashes44856 -Node: Traversing symlinks45877 -Node: Treating / specially46950 -Node: Special built-in utilities48497 -Node: Standards conformance49632 -Node: Output of entire files51188 -Node: cat invocation51789 -Node: tac invocation53596 -Node: nl invocation54858 -Node: od invocation58737 -Node: base64 invocation65608 -Node: Formatting file contents66987 -Node: fmt invocation67438 -Node: pr invocation70314 -Node: fold invocation82756 -Node: Output of parts of files84216 -Node: head invocation84713 -Node: tail invocation86898 -Node: split invocation96198 -Node: csplit invocation103118 -Node: Summarizing files107923 -Node: wc invocation108571 -Node: sum invocation111645 -Node: cksum invocation113050 -Node: md5sum invocation114190 -Node: sha1sum invocation119291 -Node: sha2 utilities120071 -Node: Operating on sorted files120695 -Node: sort invocation121282 -Ref: sort invocation-Footnote-1145210 -Node: shuf invocation145762 -Node: uniq invocation148341 -Node: comm invocation153033 -Node: ptx invocation155454 -Node: General options in ptx158254 -Node: Charset selection in ptx158835 -Node: Input processing in ptx159737 -Node: Output formatting in ptx165153 -Node: Compatibility in ptx171719 -Node: tsort invocation174952 -Node: tsort background178111 -Node: Operating on fields179759 -Node: cut invocation180121 -Node: paste invocation184078 -Node: join invocation185392 -Node: Operating on characters191743 -Node: tr invocation192165 -Node: Character sets193883 -Node: Translating198401 -Node: Squeezing200492 -Node: expand invocation203559 -Node: unexpand invocation205041 -Node: Directory listing206859 -Node: ls invocation207345 -Ref: ls invocation-Footnote-1209441 -Node: Which files are listed209663 -Node: What information is listed213403 -Node: Sorting the output222650 -Node: Details about version sort224960 -Node: General output formatting226728 -Node: Formatting file timestamps231718 -Node: Formatting the file names237044 -Node: dir invocation239960 -Node: vdir invocation240371 -Node: dircolors invocation240749 -Node: Basic operations242448 -Node: cp invocation243068 -Node: dd invocation259224 -Node: install invocation272015 -Node: mv invocation277290 -Node: rm invocation281852 -Node: shred invocation286178 -Node: Special file types294211 -Node: link invocation295717 -Node: ln invocation296936 -Node: mkdir invocation304991 -Node: mkfifo invocation307362 -Node: mknod invocation308482 -Node: readlink invocation310614 -Node: rmdir invocation312573 -Node: unlink invocation313847 -Node: Changing file attributes314806 -Node: chown invocation315620 -Node: chgrp invocation321806 -Node: chmod invocation324856 -Node: touch invocation327611 -Node: Disk usage335003 -Node: df invocation335664 -Node: du invocation341606 -Node: stat invocation350138 -Node: sync invocation355651 -Node: truncate invocation356606 -Node: Printing text358376 -Node: echo invocation358750 -Node: printf invocation361336 -Node: yes invocation366807 -Node: Conditions367419 -Node: false invocation368010 -Node: true invocation369045 -Node: test invocation370324 -Node: File type tests372369 -Node: Access permission tests373251 -Node: File characteristic tests374136 -Node: String tests374901 -Node: Numeric tests375640 -Node: Connectives for test376446 -Node: expr invocation376799 -Node: String expressions379240 -Node: Numeric expressions381824 -Node: Relations for expr382521 -Node: Examples of expr383715 -Node: Redirection384440 -Node: tee invocation384898 -Node: File name manipulation389688 -Node: basename invocation390263 -Node: dirname invocation392241 -Node: pathchk invocation393836 -Node: mktemp invocation395600 -Node: realpath invocation401248 -Node: Working context404053 -Node: pwd invocation404697 -Node: stty invocation406043 -Node: Control408803 -Node: Input409563 -Node: Output411236 -Node: Local412556 -Node: Combination414138 -Node: Characters416359 -Node: Special417913 -Node: printenv invocation419570 -Node: tty invocation420580 -Node: User information421286 -Node: id invocation421921 -Node: logname invocation423844 -Node: whoami invocation424471 -Node: groups invocation424958 -Node: users invocation426163 -Node: who invocation427110 -Node: System context430046 -Node: date invocation430711 -Node: Time conversion specifiers432428 -Node: Date conversion specifiers434851 -Node: Literal conversion specifiers437887 -Node: Padding and other flags438245 -Node: Setting the time440436 -Node: Options for date441557 -Node: Examples of date445745 -Ref: %s-examples447163 -Node: arch invocation449348 -Node: nproc invocation449797 -Node: uname invocation450907 -Node: hostname invocation453484 -Node: hostid invocation454097 -Node: uptime invocation454808 -Node: SELinux context455931 -Node: chcon invocation456306 -Node: runcon invocation458128 -Node: Modified command invocation459594 -Node: chroot invocation460344 -Ref: chroot invocation-Footnote-1462912 -Node: env invocation463214 -Node: nice invocation467458 -Node: nohup invocation471174 -Node: stdbuf invocation473457 -Node: su invocation475979 -Node: timeout invocation480480 -Node: Process control482723 -Node: kill invocation482946 -Node: Delaying486016 -Node: sleep invocation486213 -Node: Numeric operations487314 -Node: factor invocation487646 -Node: seq invocation489404 -Node: File permissions493025 -Node: Mode Structure493717 -Node: Symbolic Modes497412 -Node: Setting Permissions498510 -Node: Copying Permissions501123 -Node: Changing Special Mode Bits501942 -Node: Conditional Executability503764 -Node: Multiple Changes504308 -Node: Umask and Protection505975 -Node: Numeric Modes507080 -Node: Operator Numeric Modes509206 -Node: Directory Setuid and Setgid510222 -Node: Date input formats513049 -Node: General date syntax515480 -Node: Calendar date items518471 -Node: Time of day items520476 -Node: Time zone items522680 -Node: Combined date and time of day items523940 -Node: Day of week items524672 -Node: Relative items in date strings525689 -Node: Pure numbers in date strings528499 -Node: Seconds since the Epoch529488 -Node: Specifying time zone rules531117 -Node: Authors of parse_datetime533497 -Ref: Authors of get_date533684 -Node: Opening the software toolbox534647 -Node: Toolbox introduction535414 -Node: I/O redirection538137 -Node: The who command540971 -Node: The cut command541868 -Node: The sort command542931 -Node: The uniq command543635 -Node: Putting the tools together544325 -Ref: Putting the tools together-Footnote-1556277 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License556351 -Node: Concept index581544 +Node: Top8400 +Node: Introduction22373 +Node: Common options23932 +Node: Exit status27208 +Node: Backup options27963 +Node: Block size29887 +Node: Floating point34741 +Node: Signal specifications36151 +Node: Disambiguating names and IDs38206 +Ref: Disambiguating names and IDs-Footnote-139775 +Node: Random sources39845 +Node: Target directory41462 +Node: Trailing slashes44947 +Node: Traversing symlinks45968 +Node: Treating / specially47041 +Node: Special built-in utilities48593 +Node: Standards conformance49728 +Node: Output of entire files51284 +Node: cat invocation51885 +Node: tac invocation53692 +Node: nl invocation54960 +Node: od invocation58839 +Node: base64 invocation65714 +Node: Formatting file contents67093 +Node: fmt invocation67594 +Node: numfmt invocation70474 +Node: pr invocation80479 +Node: fold invocation91978 +Node: Output of parts of files93438 +Node: head invocation93935 +Node: tail invocation96120 +Node: split invocation105420 +Node: csplit invocation112341 +Node: Summarizing files117146 +Node: wc invocation117794 +Node: sum invocation120868 +Node: cksum invocation122273 +Node: md5sum invocation123413 +Node: sha1sum invocation129032 +Node: sha2 utilities129812 +Node: Operating on sorted files130436 +Node: sort invocation131023 +Ref: sort invocation-Footnote-1154952 +Node: shuf invocation155504 +Node: uniq invocation158084 +Node: comm invocation162777 +Node: ptx invocation165198 +Node: General options in ptx167998 +Node: Charset selection in ptx168579 +Node: Input processing in ptx169481 +Node: Output formatting in ptx174897 +Node: Compatibility in ptx181463 +Node: tsort invocation184697 +Node: tsort background187856 +Node: Operating on fields189504 +Node: cut invocation189866 +Node: paste invocation193823 +Node: join invocation195137 +Node: Operating on characters201490 +Node: tr invocation201912 +Node: Character sets203630 +Node: Translating208148 +Node: Squeezing210239 +Node: expand invocation213306 +Node: unexpand invocation214788 +Node: Directory listing216606 +Node: ls invocation217092 +Ref: ls invocation-Footnote-1219188 +Node: Which files are listed219410 +Node: What information is listed223150 +Node: Sorting the output232397 +Node: Details about version sort234707 +Node: General output formatting236475 +Node: Formatting file timestamps241465 +Node: Formatting the file names246791 +Node: dir invocation249707 +Node: vdir invocation250118 +Node: dircolors invocation250496 +Node: Basic operations252195 +Node: cp invocation252815 +Node: dd invocation269136 +Node: install invocation282850 +Node: mv invocation288125 +Node: rm invocation292687 +Node: shred invocation297081 +Node: Special file types305117 +Node: link invocation306623 +Node: ln invocation307842 +Node: mkdir invocation315897 +Node: mkfifo invocation318268 +Node: mknod invocation319388 +Node: readlink invocation321520 +Node: rmdir invocation323642 +Node: unlink invocation324916 +Node: Changing file attributes325875 +Node: chown invocation326689 +Node: chgrp invocation332850 +Node: chmod invocation335925 +Node: touch invocation338680 +Node: Disk usage346084 +Node: df invocation346745 +Node: du invocation355402 +Node: stat invocation364948 +Node: sync invocation370461 +Node: truncate invocation371416 +Node: Printing text373187 +Node: echo invocation373561 +Node: printf invocation376147 +Node: yes invocation381618 +Node: Conditions382230 +Node: false invocation382821 +Node: true invocation383856 +Node: test invocation385135 +Node: File type tests387180 +Node: Access permission tests388062 +Node: File characteristic tests388947 +Node: String tests389712 +Node: Numeric tests390451 +Node: Connectives for test391257 +Node: expr invocation391610 +Node: String expressions394051 +Node: Numeric expressions396635 +Node: Relations for expr397332 +Node: Examples of expr398526 +Node: Redirection399251 +Node: tee invocation399709 +Node: File name manipulation404496 +Node: basename invocation405071 +Node: dirname invocation407049 +Node: pathchk invocation408644 +Node: mktemp invocation410408 +Node: realpath invocation416056 +Node: Working context418861 +Node: pwd invocation419505 +Node: stty invocation420851 +Node: Control423611 +Node: Input424444 +Node: Output426118 +Node: Local427439 +Node: Combination429021 +Node: Characters431242 +Node: Special432796 +Node: printenv invocation434453 +Node: tty invocation435464 +Node: User information436170 +Node: id invocation436805 +Node: logname invocation438728 +Node: whoami invocation439355 +Node: groups invocation439842 +Node: users invocation441047 +Node: who invocation441994 +Node: System context444930 +Node: date invocation445595 +Node: Time conversion specifiers447312 +Node: Date conversion specifiers449735 +Node: Literal conversion specifiers452771 +Node: Padding and other flags453129 +Node: Setting the time455320 +Node: Options for date456441 +Node: Examples of date460740 +Ref: %s-examples462158 +Node: arch invocation465322 +Node: nproc invocation465771 +Node: uname invocation466881 +Node: hostname invocation469458 +Node: hostid invocation470071 +Node: uptime invocation470782 +Node: SELinux context471905 +Node: chcon invocation472280 +Node: runcon invocation474556 +Node: Modified command invocation476022 +Node: chroot invocation476714 +Ref: chroot invocation-Footnote-1479282 +Node: env invocation479584 +Node: nice invocation483829 +Node: nohup invocation487682 +Node: stdbuf invocation489965 +Node: timeout invocation492492 +Node: Process control494989 +Node: kill invocation495212 +Node: Delaying498282 +Node: sleep invocation498479 +Node: Numeric operations499580 +Node: factor invocation499912 +Node: seq invocation501670 +Node: File permissions505450 +Node: Mode Structure506142 +Node: Symbolic Modes509837 +Node: Setting Permissions510935 +Node: Copying Permissions513548 +Node: Changing Special Mode Bits514367 +Node: Conditional Executability516189 +Node: Multiple Changes516733 +Node: Umask and Protection518400 +Node: Numeric Modes519505 +Node: Operator Numeric Modes521631 +Node: Directory Setuid and Setgid522647 +Node: Date input formats525474 +Node: General date syntax527909 +Node: Calendar date items530900 +Node: Time of day items532905 +Node: Time zone items535109 +Node: Combined date and time of day items536369 +Node: Day of week items537229 +Node: Relative items in date strings538246 +Node: Pure numbers in date strings541056 +Node: Seconds since the Epoch542045 +Node: Specifying time zone rules543674 +Node: Authors of parse_datetime546054 +Ref: Authors of get_date546241 +Node: Opening the software toolbox547204 +Node: Toolbox introduction547971 +Node: I/O redirection550694 +Node: The who command553528 +Node: The cut command554425 +Node: The sort command555488 +Node: The uniq command556192 +Node: Putting the tools together556882 +Ref: Putting the tools together-Footnote-1568834 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License568908 +Node: Concept index594101 End Tag Table |