.\" dpkg manual page - dpkg-buildpackage(1) .\" .\" Copyright © 1995-1996 Ian Jackson .\" Copyright © 2000 Wichert Akkerman .\" Copyright © 2007-2008 Frank Lichtenheld .\" Copyright © 2008-2015 Guillem Jover .\" Copyright © 2008-2012 Raphaël Hertzog .\" .\" This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify .\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by .\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or .\" (at your option) any later version. .\" .\" This is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the .\" GNU General Public License for more details. .\" .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License .\" along with this program. If not, see . . .TH dpkg\-buildpackage 1 "2015-07-05" "Debian Project" "dpkg utilities" .SH NAME dpkg\-buildpackage \- build binary or source packages from sources . .SH SYNOPSIS .B dpkg\-buildpackage .RI [ option ...] . .SH DESCRIPTION .B dpkg\-buildpackage is a program that automates the process of building a Debian package. It consists of the following steps: .IP \fB1.\fP 3 It prepares the build environment by setting various environment variables (see \fBENVIRONMENT\fP), runs the \fBinit\fP hook, and calls \fBdpkg\-source \-\-before\-build\fP (unless \fB\-T\fP or \fB\-\-target\fP has been used). .IP \fB2.\fP 3 It checks that the build-dependencies and build-conflicts are satisfied (unless \fB\-d\fP is specified). .IP \fB3.\fP 3 If a specific target has been selected with the \fB\-T\fP or \fB\-\-target\fP option, it calls that target and stops here. Otherwise it runs the \fBpreclean\fP hook and calls \fBfakeroot debian/rules clean\fP to clean the build-tree (unless \fB\-nc\fP is specified). .IP \fB4.\fP 3 It runs the \fBsource\fP hook and calls \fBdpkg\-source \-b\fP to generate the source package (unless a binary\-only build has been requested with \fB\-b\fP, \fB\-B\fP or \fB\-A\fP). .IP \fB5.\fP 3 It runs the \fBbuild\fP hook and calls \fBdebian/rules\fP \fIbuild-target\fP, then runs the \fBbinary\fP hook followed by \fBfakeroot debian/rules\fP \fIbinary-target\fP (unless a source-only build has been requested with \fB\-S\fP). Note that \fIbuild-target\fR and \fIbinary-target\fP are either \fBbuild\fP and \fBbinary\fP (default case, or if \fB\-b\fP is specified), or \fBbuild\-arch\fP and \fBbinary\-arch\fP (if \fB\-B\fP or \fB\-G\fP are specified), or \fBbuild\-indep\fP and \fBbinary\-indep\fP (if \fB\-A\fP or \fB\-g\fP are specified). .IP \fB6.\fP 3 It runs the \fBchanges\fP hook and calls \fBdpkg\-genchanges\fP to generate a \fB.changes\fP file. Many \fBdpkg\-buildpackage\fP options are forwarded to \fBdpkg\-genchanges\fP. .IP \fB7.\fP 3 It runs the \fBpostclean\fP hook and if \fB\-tc\fP is specified, it will call \fBfakeroot debian/rules clean\fP again. .IP \fB8.\fP 3 It calls \fBdpkg\-source \-\-after\-build\fP. .IP \fB9.\fP 3 It runs the \fBcheck\fP hook and calls a package checker for the \fB.changes\fP file (if a command is specified in \fBDEB_CHECK_COMMAND\fP or with \fB\-\-check\-command\fP). .IP \fB10.\fP 3 It runs the \fBsign\fP hook and calls \fBgpg2\fP or \fBgpg\fP to sign the \fB.dsc\fP file (if any, unless \fB\-us\fP is specified or on UNRELEASED builds), and the \fB.changes\fP file (unless \fB\-uc\fP is specified or on UNRELEASED builds). .IP \fB11.\fP 3 It runs the \fBdone\fP hook. . .SH OPTIONS .TP .B \-g Specifies a build limited to source and architecture independent packages (since dpkg 1.17.11). Passed to \fBdpkg\-genchanges\fP. .TP .B \-G Specifies a build limited to source and architecture specific packages (since dpkg 1.17.11). Passed to \fBdpkg\-genchanges\fP. .TP .B \-b Specifies a binary-only build, no source files are to be built and/or distributed. Passed to \fBdpkg\-genchanges\fP. .TP .B \-B Specifies a binary-only build, limited to architecture dependent packages. Passed to \fBdpkg\-genchanges\fP. .TP .B \-A Specifies a binary-only build, limited to architecture independent packages. Passed to \fBdpkg\-genchanges\fP. .TP .B \-S Specifies a source-only build, no binary packages need to be made. Passed to \fBdpkg\-genchanges\fP. Note: if what you want is simply to (re-)build the source package, using \fBdpkg\-source\fP is always better as it does not require any build dependencies to be installed to be able to call the \fBclean\fP target. .TP .B \-F Specifies a normal full build, binary and source packages will be built (since dpkg 1.15.8). This is the same as the default case when no build option is specified. .TP .BI \-\-target= target .TQ .BI "\-\-target " target .TQ .BI \-T target Calls \fBdebian/rules\fP \fItarget\fP after having setup the build environment and stops the package build process here (since dpkg 1.15.0). If \fB\-\-as\-root\fP is also given, then the command is executed as root (see \fB\-r\fP). Note that official targets that are required to be run as root by the Debian policy do not need this option. .TP .B \-\-as\-root Only meaningful together with \fB\-\-target\fP (since dpkg 1.15.0). Requires that the target be run with root rights. .TP .B \-si .TQ .B \-sa .TQ .B \-sd .TQ .BI \-v version .TQ .BI \-C changes-description .TQ .BI \-m maintainer-address .TQ .BI \-e maintainer-address Passed unchanged to \fBdpkg\-genchanges\fP. See its manual page. .TP .BR \-a ", " \-\-host\-arch " \fIarchitecture\fP" Specify the Debian architecture we build for (long option since dpkg 1.17.17). The architecture of the machine we build on is determined automatically, and is also the default for the host machine. .TP .BR \-t ", " \-\-host\-type " \fIgnu-system-type\fP" Specify the GNU system type we build for (long option since dpkg 1.17.17). It can be used in place of \fB\-\-host\-arch\fP or as a complement to override the default GNU system type of the host Debian architecture. .TP .BR \-\-target\-arch " \fIarchitecture\fP" Specify the Debian architecture the binaries built will build for (since dpkg 1.17.17). The default value is the host machine. .TP .BR \-\-target\-type " \fIgnu-system-type\fP" Specify the GNU system type the binaries built will build for (since dpkg 1.17.17). It can be used in place of \fB\-\-target\-arch\fP or as a complement to override the default GNU system type of the target Debian architecture. .TP .BR \-P \fIprofile\fP[ , ...] Specify the profile(s) we build, as a comma-separated list (since dpkg 1.17.2). The default behavior is to build for no specific profile. Also sets them (as a space separated list) as the \fBDEB_BUILD_PROFILES\fP environment variable which allows, for example, \fBdebian/rules\fP files to use this information for conditional builds. .TP .BR \-j [\fIjobs\fP|\fBauto\fP] Number of jobs allowed to be run simultaneously, number of jobs matching the number of online processors if \fBauto\fP is specified (since dpkg 1.17.10), or unlimited number if \fIjobs\fP is not specified, equivalent to the .BR make (1) option of the same name (since dpkg 1.14.7). Will add itself to the \fB\%MAKEFLAGS\fP environment variable, which should cause all subsequent make invocations to inherit the option, thus forcing the parallel setting on the packaging (and possibly the upstream build system if that uses make) regardless of their support for parallel builds, which might cause build failures. Also adds \fBparallel=\fP\fIjobs\fP or \fBparallel\fP to the \fBDEB_BUILD_OPTIONS\fP environment variable which allows debian/rules files to use this information for their own purposes. The \fB\-j\fP value will override the \fBparallel=\fP\fIjobs\fP or \fBparallel\fP option in the \fBDEB_BUILD_OPTIONS\fP environment variable. Note that the \fBauto\fP value will get replaced by the actual number of currently active processors, and as such will not get propagated to any child process. If the number of online processors cannot be inferred then the code will fallback to using an unlimited number. .TP .BR \-J [\fIjobs\fP|\fBauto\fP] This option (since dpkg 1.18.2) is equivalent to the \fB\-j\fP option except that it does not set the \fB\%MAKEFLAGS\fP environment variable, and as such it is safer to use with any package including those that are not parallel-build safe. .TP .B \-D Check build dependencies and conflicts; abort if unsatisfied. This is the default behavior. .TP .B \-d Do not check build dependencies and conflicts. .TP .B \-\-ignore\-builtin\-builddeps Do not check built-in build dependencies and conflicts (since dpkg 1.18.2). These are the distribution specific implicit build dependencies usually required in a build environment, the so called Build-Essential package set. .TP .B \-nc Do not clean the source tree (implies \fB\-b\fP if nothing else has been selected among \fB\-F\fP, \fB\-g\fP, \fB\-G\fP, \fB\-B\fP, \fB\-A\fP or \fB\-S\fP). .TP .B \-tc Clean the source tree (using .I gain-root-command .BR "debian/rules clean" ) after the package has been built. .TP .BI \-r gain-root-command When .B dpkg\-buildpackage needs to execute part of the build process as root, it prefixes the command it executes with .I gain-root-command if one has been specified. Otherwise, if none has been specified, \fBfakeroot\fP will be used by default, if the command is present. .I gain-root-command should start with the name of a program on the .B PATH and will get as arguments the name of the real command to run and the arguments it should take. .I gain-root-command can include parameters (they must be space-separated) but no shell metacharacters. .I gain-root-command might typically be .BR fakeroot ", " sudo ", " super " or " really . .B su is not suitable, since it can only invoke the user's shell with .B \-c instead of passing arguments individually to the command to be run. .TP .BI \-R rules-file Building a Debian package usually involves invoking .B debian/rules as a command with several standard parameters (since dpkg 1.14.17). With this option it's possible to use another program invocation to build the package (it can include space separated parameters). Alternatively it can be used to execute the standard rules file with another make program (for example by using .B /usr/local/bin/make \-f debian/rules as \fIrules-file\fR). .TP .BI \-\-check\-command= check-command Command used to check the \fB.changes\fP file itself and any artifact built referenced in the file (since dpkg 1.17.6). The command should take the \fB.changes\fP pathname as an argument. This command will usually be \fBlintian\fP. .TP .BI \-\-check\-option= opt Pass option \fIopt\fP to the \fIcheck-command\fP specified with \fBDEB_CHECK_COMMAND\fP or \fB\-\-check\-command\fP (since dpkg 1.17.6). Can be used multiple times. .TP .BI \-\-hook\- hook-name = hook-command Set the specified shell code \fIhook-command\fP as the hook \fIhook-name\fP, which will run at the times specified in the run steps (since dpkg 1.17.6). The hooks will always be executed even if the following action is not performed (except for the \fBbinary\fP hook). Note: Hooks can affect the build process, and cause build failures if their commands fail, so watch out for unintended consequences. The current \fIhook-name\fP supported are: .B init preclean source build binary changes postclean check sign done The \fIhook-command\fP supports the following substitution format string, which will get applied to it before execution: .RS .TP .B %% A single % character. .TP .B %a A boolean value (0 or 1), representing whether the following action is being performed. .TP .B %p The source package name. .TP .B %v The source package version. .TP .B %s The source package version (without the epoch). .TP .B %u The upstream version. .RE .TP .BI \-p sign-command When \fBdpkg\-buildpackage\fP needs to execute GPG to sign a source control (\fB.dsc\fP) file or a \fB.changes\fP file it will run \fIsign-command\fP (searching the \fBPATH\fP if necessary) instead of \fBgpg2\fP or \fBgpg\fP. \fIsign-command\fP will get all the arguments that \fBgpg2\fP or \fBgpg\fP would have gotten. \fIsign-command\fP should not contain spaces or any other shell metacharacters. .TP .BI \-k key-id Specify a key-ID to use when signing packages. .TP .BR \-us Do not sign the source package. .TP .BR \-uc Do not sign the \fB.changes\fP file. .TP .BR \-\-force\-sign Force the signing of the resulting files (since dpkg 1.17.0), regardless of \fB\-us\fP or \fB\-uc\fP or other internal heuristics. .TP .BR \-i [\fIregex\fP] .TQ .BR \-I [\fIpattern\fP] .TQ .BR \-s [ nsAkurKUR ] .TQ .BR \-z ", " \-Z Passed unchanged to \fBdpkg\-source\fP. See its manual page. .TP .BI \-\-source\-option= opt Pass option \fIopt\fP to \fBdpkg\-source\fP (since dpkg 1.15.6). Can be used multiple times. .TP .BI \-\-changes\-option= opt Pass option \fIopt\fP to \fBdpkg\-genchanges\fP (since dpkg 1.15.6). Can be used multiple times. .TP .BI \-\-admindir= dir .TQ .BI "\-\-admindir " dir Change the location of the \fBdpkg\fR database (since dpkg 1.14.0). The default location is \fI/var/lib/dpkg\fP. .TP .BR \-? ", " \-\-help Show the usage message and exit. .TP .BR \-\-version Show the version and exit. . .SH ENVIRONMENT .TP .B DEB_CHECK_COMMAND If set, it will be used as the command to check the \fB.changes\fP file (since dpkg 1.17.6). Overridden by the \fB\-\-check\-command\fP option. .TP .B DEB_SIGN_KEYID If set, it will be used to sign the \fB.changes\fP and \fB.dsc\fP files (since dpkg 1.17.2). Overridden by the \fB\-k\fP option. .TP .B DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS If set, and containing \fBnocheck\fP the \fBDEB_CHECK_COMMAND\fP variable will be ignored. .TP .B DEB_BUILD_PROFILES If set, it will be used as the active build profile(s) for the package being built (since dpkg 1.17.2). It is a space separated list of profile names. Overridden by the \fB\-P\fP option. .SS Reliance on exported environment flags Even if \fBdpkg\-buildpackage\fP exports some variables, \fBdebian/rules\fP should not rely on their presence and should instead use the respective interface to retrieve the needed values. .SS Variables set by dpkg\-architecture \fBdpkg\-architecture\fP is called with the \fB\-a\fP and \fB\-t\fP parameters forwarded. Any variable that is output by its \fB\-s\fP option is integrated in the build environment. . .SH NOTES .SS Compiler flags are no longer exported Between dpkg 1.14.17 and 1.16.1, \fBdpkg\-buildpackage\fP exported compiler flags (\fBCFLAGS\fP, \fBCXXFLAGS\fP, \fBFFLAGS\fP, \fBCPPFLAGS\fP and \fBLDFLAGS\fP) with values as returned by \fBdpkg\-buildflags\fP. This is no longer the case. .SS Default build targets \fBdpkg\-buildpackage\fP is using the \fBbuild\-arch\fP and \fBbuild\-indep\fP targets since dpkg 1.16.2. Those targets are thus mandatory. But to avoid breakages of existing packages, and ease the transition, it will fallback to using the \fBbuild\fP target if \fBmake \-f debian/rules \-qn\fP \fIbuild-target\fP returns 2 as exit code. .SH BUGS It should be possible to specify spaces and shell metacharacters and initial arguments for .IR gain-root-command " and " sign-command . . .SH SEE ALSO .ad l .nh .BR dpkg\-source (1), .BR dpkg\-architecture (1), .BR dpkg\-buildflags (1), .BR dpkg\-genchanges (1), .BR fakeroot (1), .BR lintian (1), .BR gpg2 (1), .BR gpg (1).