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Diffstat (limited to 'usr/src/man/man1m/zpool.1m')
| -rw-r--r-- | usr/src/man/man1m/zpool.1m | 843 |
1 files changed, 490 insertions, 353 deletions
diff --git a/usr/src/man/man1m/zpool.1m b/usr/src/man/man1m/zpool.1m index da923aa174..61e456ad04 100644 --- a/usr/src/man/man1m/zpool.1m +++ b/usr/src/man/man1m/zpool.1m @@ -167,22 +167,24 @@ .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm -command configures ZFS storage pools. A storage pool is a collection of devices -that provides physical storage and data replication for ZFS datasets. All -datasets within a storage pool share the same space. See +command configures ZFS storage pools. +A storage pool is a collection of devices that provides physical storage and +data replication for ZFS datasets. +All datasets within a storage pool share the same space. +See .Xr zfs 1M for information on managing datasets. .Ss Virtual Devices (vdevs) A "virtual device" describes a single device or a collection of devices -organized according to certain performance and fault characteristics. The -following virtual devices are supported: +organized according to certain performance and fault characteristics. +The following virtual devices are supported: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Sy disk A block device, typically located under .Pa /dev/dsk . ZFS can use individual slices or partitions, though the recommended mode of -operation is to use whole disks. A disk can be specified by a full path, or it -can be a shorthand name +operation is to use whole disks. +A disk can be specified by a full path, or it can be a shorthand name .Po the relative portion of the path under .Pa /dev/dsk .Pc . @@ -193,15 +195,16 @@ is equivalent to .Pa /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s2 . When given a whole disk, ZFS automatically labels the disk, if necessary. .It Sy file -A regular file. The use of files as a backing store is strongly discouraged. It -is designed primarily for experimental purposes, as the fault tolerance of a -file is only as good as the file system of which it is a part. A file must be -specified by a full path. +A regular file. +The use of files as a backing store is strongly discouraged. +It is designed primarily for experimental purposes, as the fault tolerance of a +file is only as good as the file system of which it is a part. +A file must be specified by a full path. .It Sy mirror -A mirror of two or more devices. Data is replicated in an identical fashion -across all components of a mirror. A mirror with N disks of size X can hold X -bytes and can withstand (N-1) devices failing before data integrity is -compromised. +A mirror of two or more devices. +Data is replicated in an identical fashion across all components of a mirror. +A mirror with N disks of size X can hold X bytes and can withstand (N-1) devices +failing before data integrity is compromised. .It Sy raidz , raidz1 , raidz2 , raidz3 A variation on RAID-5 that allows for better distribution of parity and eliminates the RAID-5 @@ -211,43 +214,50 @@ Data and parity is striped across all disks within a raidz group. .Pp A raidz group can have single-, double-, or triple-parity, meaning that the raidz group can sustain one, two, or three failures, respectively, without -losing any data. The +losing any data. +The .Sy raidz1 vdev type specifies a single-parity raidz group; the .Sy raidz2 vdev type specifies a double-parity raidz group; and the .Sy raidz3 -vdev type specifies a triple-parity raidz group. The +vdev type specifies a triple-parity raidz group. +The .Sy raidz vdev type is an alias for .Sy raidz1 . .Pp A raidz group with N disks of size X with P parity disks can hold approximately (N-P)*X bytes and can withstand P device(s) failing before data integrity is -compromised. The minimum number of devices in a raidz group is one more than -the number of parity disks. The recommended number is between 3 and 9 to help -increase performance. +compromised. +The minimum number of devices in a raidz group is one more than the number of +parity disks. +The recommended number is between 3 and 9 to help increase performance. .It Sy spare -A special pseudo-vdev which keeps track of available hot spares for a pool. For -more information, see the +A special pseudo-vdev which keeps track of available hot spares for a pool. +For more information, see the .Sx Hot Spares section. .It Sy log -A separate intent log device. If more than one log device is specified, then -writes are load-balanced between devices. Log devices can be mirrored. However, -raidz vdev types are not supported for the intent log. For more information, -see the +A separate intent log device. +If more than one log device is specified, then writes are load-balanced between +devices. +Log devices can be mirrored. +However, raidz vdev types are not supported for the intent log. +For more information, see the .Sx Intent Log section. .It Sy cache -A device used to cache storage pool data. A cache device cannot be configured -as a mirror or raidz group. For more information, see the +A device used to cache storage pool data. +A cache device cannot be configured as a mirror or raidz group. +For more information, see the .Sx Cache Devices section. .El .Pp Virtual devices cannot be nested, so a mirror or raidz virtual device can only -contain files or disks. Mirrors of mirrors +contain files or disks. +Mirrors of mirrors .Pq or other combinations are not allowed. .Pp @@ -256,68 +266,72 @@ A pool can have any number of virtual devices at the top of the configuration .Qq root vdevs .Pc . Data is dynamically distributed across all top-level devices to balance data -among devices. As new virtual devices are added, ZFS automatically places data -on the newly available devices. +among devices. +As new virtual devices are added, ZFS automatically places data on the newly +available devices. .Pp Virtual devices are specified one at a time on the command line, separated by -whitespace. The keywords +whitespace. +The keywords .Sy mirror and .Sy raidz -are used to distinguish where a group ends and another begins. For example, -the following creates two root vdevs, each a mirror of two disks: +are used to distinguish where a group ends and another begins. +For example, the following creates two root vdevs, each a mirror of two disks: .Bd -literal # zpool create mypool mirror c0t0d0 c0t1d0 mirror c1t0d0 c1t1d0 .Ed .Ss Device Failure and Recovery ZFS supports a rich set of mechanisms for handling device failure and data -corruption. All metadata and data is checksummed, and ZFS automatically repairs -bad data from a good copy when corruption is detected. +corruption. +All metadata and data is checksummed, and ZFS automatically repairs bad data +from a good copy when corruption is detected. .Pp In order to take advantage of these features, a pool must make use of some form -of redundancy, using either mirrored or raidz groups. While ZFS supports -running in a non-redundant configuration, where each root vdev is simply a disk -or file, this is strongly discouraged. A single case of bit corruption can -render some or all of your data unavailable. +of redundancy, using either mirrored or raidz groups. +While ZFS supports running in a non-redundant configuration, where each root +vdev is simply a disk or file, this is strongly discouraged. +A single case of bit corruption can render some or all of your data unavailable. .Pp A pool's health status is described by one of three states: online, degraded, -or faulted. An online pool has all devices operating normally. A degraded pool -is one in which one or more devices have failed, but the data is still -available due to a redundant configuration. A faulted pool has corrupted -metadata, or one or more faulted devices, and insufficient replicas to continue -functioning. +or faulted. +An online pool has all devices operating normally. +A degraded pool is one in which one or more devices have failed, but the data is +still available due to a redundant configuration. +A faulted pool has corrupted metadata, or one or more faulted devices, and +insufficient replicas to continue functioning. .Pp The health of the top-level vdev, such as mirror or raidz device, is potentially impacted by the state of its associated vdevs, or component -devices. A top-level vdev or component device is in one of the following -states: +devices. +A top-level vdev or component device is in one of the following states: .Bl -tag -width "DEGRADED" .It Sy DEGRADED One or more top-level vdevs is in the degraded state because one or more -component devices are offline. Sufficient replicas exist to continue -functioning. +component devices are offline. +Sufficient replicas exist to continue functioning. .Pp One or more component devices is in the degraded or faulted state, but -sufficient replicas exist to continue functioning. The underlying conditions -are as follows: +sufficient replicas exist to continue functioning. +The underlying conditions are as follows: .Bl -bullet .It The number of checksum errors exceeds acceptable levels and the device is -degraded as an indication that something may be wrong. ZFS continues to use the -device as necessary. +degraded as an indication that something may be wrong. +ZFS continues to use the device as necessary. .It -The number of I/O errors exceeds acceptable levels. The device could not be -marked as faulted because there are insufficient replicas to continue -functioning. +The number of I/O errors exceeds acceptable levels. +The device could not be marked as faulted because there are insufficient +replicas to continue functioning. .El .It Sy FAULTED One or more top-level vdevs is in the faulted state because one or more -component devices are offline. Insufficient replicas exist to continue -functioning. +component devices are offline. +Insufficient replicas exist to continue functioning. .Pp One or more component devices is in the faulted state, and insufficient -replicas exist to continue functioning. The underlying conditions are as -follows: +replicas exist to continue functioning. +The underlying conditions are as follows: .Bl -bullet .It The device could be opened, but the contents did not match expected values. @@ -332,25 +346,29 @@ command. .It Sy ONLINE The device is online and functioning. .It Sy REMOVED -The device was physically removed while the system was running. Device removal -detection is hardware-dependent and may not be supported on all platforms. +The device was physically removed while the system was running. +Device removal detection is hardware-dependent and may not be supported on all +platforms. .It Sy UNAVAIL -The device could not be opened. If a pool is imported when a device was -unavailable, then the device will be identified by a unique identifier instead -of its path since the path was never correct in the first place. +The device could not be opened. +If a pool is imported when a device was unavailable, then the device will be +identified by a unique identifier instead of its path since the path was never +correct in the first place. .El .Pp If a device is removed and later re-attached to the system, ZFS attempts -to put the device online automatically. Device attach detection is -hardware-dependent and might not be supported on all platforms. +to put the device online automatically. +Device attach detection is hardware-dependent and might not be supported on all +platforms. .Ss Hot Spares ZFS allows devices to be associated with pools as .Qq hot spares . These devices are not actively used in the pool, but when an active device -fails, it is automatically replaced by a hot spare. To create a pool with hot -spares, specify a +fails, it is automatically replaced by a hot spare. +To create a pool with hot spares, specify a .Sy spare -vdev with any number of devices. For example, +vdev with any number of devices. +For example, .Bd -literal # zpool create pool mirror c0d0 c1d0 spare c2d0 c3d0 .Ed @@ -359,11 +377,12 @@ Spares can be shared across multiple pools, and can be added with the .Nm zpool Cm add command and removed with the .Nm zpool Cm remove -command. Once a spare replacement is initiated, a new +command. +Once a spare replacement is initiated, a new .Sy spare vdev is created within the configuration that will remain there until the -original device is replaced. At this point, the hot spare becomes available -again if another device fails. +original device is replaced. +At this point, the hot spare becomes available again if another device fails. .Pp If a pool has a shared spare that is currently being used, the pool can not be exported since other pools may use this shared spare, which may lead to @@ -377,74 +396,82 @@ pools. Spares cannot replace log devices. .Ss Intent Log The ZFS Intent Log (ZIL) satisfies POSIX requirements for synchronous -transactions. For instance, databases often require their transactions to be on -stable storage devices when returning from a system call. NFS and other -applications can also use +transactions. +For instance, databases often require their transactions to be on stable storage +devices when returning from a system call. +NFS and other applications can also use .Xr fsync 3C -to ensure data stability. By default, the intent log is allocated from blocks -within the main pool. However, it might be possible to get better performance -using separate intent log devices such as NVRAM or a dedicated disk. For -example: +to ensure data stability. +By default, the intent log is allocated from blocks within the main pool. +However, it might be possible to get better performance using separate intent +log devices such as NVRAM or a dedicated disk. +For example: .Bd -literal # zpool create pool c0d0 c1d0 log c2d0 .Ed .Pp -Multiple log devices can also be specified, and they can be mirrored. See the +Multiple log devices can also be specified, and they can be mirrored. +See the .Sx EXAMPLES section for an example of mirroring multiple log devices. .Pp Log devices can be added, replaced, attached, detached, and imported and -exported as part of the larger pool. Mirrored log devices can be removed by -specifying the top-level mirror for the log. +exported as part of the larger pool. +Mirrored log devices can be removed by specifying the top-level mirror for the +log. .Ss Cache Devices Devices can be added to a storage pool as .Qq cache devices . These devices provide an additional layer of caching between main memory and -disk. For read-heavy workloads, where the working set size is much larger than -what can be cached in main memory, using cache devices allow much more of this -working set to be served from low latency media. Using cache devices provides -the greatest performance improvement for random read-workloads of mostly static -content. +disk. +For read-heavy workloads, where the working set size is much larger than what +can be cached in main memory, using cache devices allow much more of this +working set to be served from low latency media. +Using cache devices provides the greatest performance improvement for random +read-workloads of mostly static content. .Pp To create a pool with cache devices, specify a .Sy cache -vdev with any number of devices. For example: +vdev with any number of devices. +For example: .Bd -literal # zpool create pool c0d0 c1d0 cache c2d0 c3d0 .Ed .Pp -Cache devices cannot be mirrored or part of a raidz configuration. If a read -error is encountered on a cache device, that read I/O is reissued to the -original storage pool device, which might be part of a mirrored or raidz +Cache devices cannot be mirrored or part of a raidz configuration. +If a read error is encountered on a cache device, that read I/O is reissued to +the original storage pool device, which might be part of a mirrored or raidz configuration. .Pp The content of the cache devices is considered volatile, as is the case with other system caches. .Ss Properties -Each pool has several properties associated with it. Some properties are -read-only statistics while others are configurable and change the behavior of -the pool. +Each pool has several properties associated with it. +Some properties are read-only statistics while others are configurable and +change the behavior of the pool. .Pp The following are read-only properties: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Sy available -Amount of storage available within the pool. This property can also be referred -to by its shortened column name, +Amount of storage available within the pool. +This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, .Sy avail . .It Sy bootsize -The size of the system boot partition. This property can only be set at pool -creation time and is read-only once pool is created. Setting this property -implies using the +The size of the system boot partition. +This property can only be set at pool creation time and is read-only once pool +is created. +Setting this property implies using the .Fl B option. .It Sy capacity -Percentage of pool space used. This property can also be referred to by its -shortened column name, +Percentage of pool space used. +This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, .Sy cap . .It Sy expandsize Amount of uninitialized space within the pool or device that can be used to -increase the total capacity of the pool. Uninitialized space consists of -any space on an EFI labeled vdev which has not been brought online +increase the total capacity of the pool. +Uninitialized space consists of any space on an EFI labeled vdev which has not +been brought online .Po e.g, using .Nm zpool Cm online Fl e .Pc . @@ -457,20 +484,23 @@ The amount of free space available in the pool. After a file system or snapshot is destroyed, the space it was using is returned to the pool asynchronously. .Sy freeing -is the amount of space remaining to be reclaimed. Over time +is the amount of space remaining to be reclaimed. +Over time .Sy freeing will decrease while .Sy free increases. .It Sy health -The current health of the pool. Health can be one of +The current health of the pool. +Health can be one of .Sy ONLINE , DEGRADED , FAULTED , OFFLINE, REMOVED , UNAVAIL . .It Sy guid A unique identifier for the pool. .It Sy size Total size of the storage pool. .It Sy unsupported@ Ns Em feature_guid -Information about unsupported features that are enabled on the pool. See +Information about unsupported features that are enabled on the pool. +See .Xr zpool-features 5 for details. .It Sy used @@ -478,27 +508,32 @@ Amount of storage space used within the pool. .El .Pp The space usage properties report actual physical space available to the -storage pool. The physical space can be different from the total amount of -space that any contained datasets can actually use. The amount of space used in -a raidz configuration depends on the characteristics of the data being -written. In addition, ZFS reserves some space for internal accounting -that the +storage pool. +The physical space can be different from the total amount of space that any +contained datasets can actually use. +The amount of space used in a raidz configuration depends on the characteristics +of the data being written. +In addition, ZFS reserves some space for internal accounting that the .Xr zfs 1M command takes into account, but the .Nm -command does not. For non-full pools of a reasonable size, these effects should -be invisible. For small pools, or pools that are close to being completely -full, these discrepancies may become more noticeable. +command does not. +For non-full pools of a reasonable size, these effects should be invisible. +For small pools, or pools that are close to being completely full, these +discrepancies may become more noticeable. .Pp The following property can be set at creation time and import time: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Sy altroot -Alternate root directory. If set, this directory is prepended to any mount -points within the pool. This can be used when examining an unknown pool where -the mount points cannot be trusted, or in an alternate boot environment, where -the typical paths are not valid. +Alternate root directory. +If set, this directory is prepended to any mount points within the pool. +This can be used when examining an unknown pool where the mount points cannot be +trusted, or in an alternate boot environment, where the typical paths are not +valid. .Sy altroot -is not a persistent property. It is valid only while the system is up. Setting +is not a persistent property. +It is valid only while the system is up. +Setting .Sy altroot defaults to using .Sy cachefile Ns = Ns Sy none , @@ -510,8 +545,8 @@ The following property can be set only at import time: .It Sy readonly Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off If set to .Sy on , -the pool will be imported in read-only mode. This property can also be referred -to by its shortened column name, +the pool will be imported in read-only mode. +This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, .Sy rdonly . .El .Pp @@ -521,39 +556,46 @@ changed with the command: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Sy autoexpand Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off -Controls automatic pool expansion when the underlying LUN is grown. If set to +Controls automatic pool expansion when the underlying LUN is grown. +If set to .Sy on , -the pool will be resized according to the size of the expanded device. If the -device is part of a mirror or raidz then all devices within that mirror/raidz -group must be expanded before the new space is made available to the pool. The -default behavior is +the pool will be resized according to the size of the expanded device. +If the device is part of a mirror or raidz then all devices within that +mirror/raidz group must be expanded before the new space is made available to +the pool. +The default behavior is .Sy off . This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, .Sy expand . .It Sy autoreplace Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off -Controls automatic device replacement. If set to +Controls automatic device replacement. +If set to .Sy off , device replacement must be initiated by the administrator by using the .Nm zpool Cm replace -command. If set to +command. +If set to .Sy on , any new device, found in the same physical location as a device that previously -belonged to the pool, is automatically formatted and replaced. The default -behavior is +belonged to the pool, is automatically formatted and replaced. +The default behavior is .Sy off . This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, .Sy replace . .It Sy bootfs Ns = Ns Ar pool Ns / Ns Ar dataset -Identifies the default bootable dataset for the root pool. This property is -expected to be set mainly by the installation and upgrade programs. +Identifies the default bootable dataset for the root pool. +This property is expected to be set mainly by the installation and upgrade +programs. .It Sy cachefile Ns = Ns Ar path Ns | Ns Sy none -Controls the location of where the pool configuration is cached. Discovering -all pools on system startup requires a cached copy of the configuration data -that is stored on the root file system. All pools in this cache are -automatically imported when the system boots. Some environments, such as -install and clustering, need to cache this information in a different location -so that pools are not automatically imported. Setting this property caches the -pool configuration in a different location that can later be imported with +Controls the location of where the pool configuration is cached. +Discovering all pools on system startup requires a cached copy of the +configuration data that is stored on the root file system. +All pools in this cache are automatically imported when the system boots. +Some environments, such as install and clustering, need to cache this +information in a different location so that pools are not automatically +imported. +Setting this property caches the pool configuration in a different location that +can later be imported with .Nm zpool Cm import Fl c . Setting it to the special value .Sy none @@ -562,43 +604,48 @@ creates a temporary pool that is never cached, and the special value .Pq empty string uses the default location. .Pp -Multiple pools can share the same cache file. Because the kernel destroys and -recreates this file when pools are added and removed, care should be taken when -attempting to access this file. When the last pool using a +Multiple pools can share the same cache file. +Because the kernel destroys and recreates this file when pools are added and +removed, care should be taken when attempting to access this file. +When the last pool using a .Sy cachefile is exported or destroyed, the file is removed. .It Sy comment Ns = Ns Ar text A text string consisting of printable ASCII characters that will be stored -such that it is available even if the pool becomes faulted. An administrator -can provide additional information about a pool using this property. +such that it is available even if the pool becomes faulted. +An administrator can provide additional information about a pool using this +property. .It Sy dedupditto Ns = Ns Ar number -Threshold for the number of block ditto copies. If the reference count for a -deduplicated block increases above this number, a new ditto copy of this block -is automatically stored. The default setting is +Threshold for the number of block ditto copies. +If the reference count for a deduplicated block increases above this number, a +new ditto copy of this block is automatically stored. +The default setting is .Sy 0 -which causes no ditto copies to be created for deduplicated blocks. The minimum -legal nonzero setting is +which causes no ditto copies to be created for deduplicated blocks. +The minimum legal nonzero setting is .Sy 100 . .It Sy delegation Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off Controls whether a non-privileged user is granted access based on the dataset -permissions defined on the dataset. See +permissions defined on the dataset. +See .Xr zfs 1M for more information on ZFS delegated administration. .It Sy failmode Ns = Ns Sy wait Ns | Ns Sy continue Ns | Ns Sy panic -Controls the system behavior in the event of catastrophic pool failure. This -condition is typically a result of a loss of connectivity to the underlying -storage device(s) or a failure of all devices within the pool. The behavior of -such an event is determined as follows: +Controls the system behavior in the event of catastrophic pool failure. +This condition is typically a result of a loss of connectivity to the underlying +storage device(s) or a failure of all devices within the pool. +The behavior of such an event is determined as follows: .Bl -tag -width "continue" .It Sy wait Blocks all I/O access until the device connectivity is recovered and the errors -are cleared. This is the default behavior. +are cleared. +This is the default behavior. .It Sy continue Returns .Er EIO to any new write I/O requests but allows reads to any of the remaining healthy -devices. Any write requests that have yet to be committed to disk would be -blocked. +devices. +Any write requests that have yet to be committed to disk would be blocked. .It Sy panic Prints out a message to the console and generates a system crash dump. .El @@ -609,7 +656,8 @@ The only valid value when setting this property is .Sy enabled which moves .Ar feature_name -to the enabled state. See +to the enabled state. +See .Xr zpool-features 5 for details on feature states. .It Sy listsnaps Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off @@ -618,15 +666,18 @@ output when .Nm zfs Cm list is run without the .Fl t -option. The default value is +option. +The default value is .Sy off . .It Sy version Ns = Ns Ar version -The current on-disk version of the pool. This can be increased, but never -decreased. The preferred method of updating pools is with the +The current on-disk version of the pool. +This can be increased, but never decreased. +The preferred method of updating pools is with the .Nm zpool Cm upgrade command, though this property can be used when a specific version is needed for -backwards compatibility. Once feature flags is enabled on a pool this property -will no longer have a value. +backwards compatibility. +Once feature flags is enabled on a pool this property will no longer have a +value. .El .Ss Subcommands All subcommands that modify state are logged persistently to the pool in their @@ -635,8 +686,8 @@ original form. The .Nm command provides subcommands to create and destroy storage pools, add capacity -to storage pools, and provide information about the storage pools. The -following subcommands are supported: +to storage pools, and provide information about the storage pools. +The following subcommands are supported: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Xo .Nm @@ -649,11 +700,13 @@ Displays a help message. .Op Fl fn .Ar pool vdev Ns ... .Xc -Adds the specified virtual devices to the given pool. The +Adds the specified virtual devices to the given pool. +The .Ar vdev specification is described in the .Sx Virtual Devices -section. The behavior of the +section. +The behavior of the .Fl f option, and the device checks performed are described in the .Nm zpool Cm create @@ -662,8 +715,8 @@ subcommand. .It Fl f Forces use of .Ar vdev Ns s , -even if they appear in use or specify a conflicting replication level. Not all -devices can be overridden in this manner. +even if they appear in use or specify a conflicting replication level. +Not all devices can be overridden in this manner. .It Fl n Displays the configuration that would be used without actually adding the .Ar vdev Ns s . @@ -680,7 +733,8 @@ Attaches .Ar new_device to the existing .Ar device . -The existing device cannot be part of a raidz configuration. If +The existing device cannot be part of a raidz configuration. +If .Ar device is not currently part of a mirrored configuration, .Ar device @@ -692,15 +746,16 @@ If .Ar device is part of a two-way mirror, attaching .Ar new_device -creates a three-way mirror, and so on. In either case, +creates a three-way mirror, and so on. +In either case, .Ar new_device begins to resilver immediately. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl f Forces use of .Ar new_device , -even if its appears to be in use. Not all devices can be overridden in this -manner. +even if its appears to be in use. +Not all devices can be overridden in this manner. .El .It Xo .Nm @@ -708,9 +763,10 @@ manner. .Ar pool .Op Ar device .Xc -Clears device errors in a pool. If no arguments are specified, all device -errors within the pool are cleared. If one or more devices is specified, only -those errors associated with the specified device or devices are cleared. +Clears device errors in a pool. +If no arguments are specified, all device errors within the pool are cleared. +If one or more devices is specified, only those errors associated with the +specified device or devices are cleared. .It Xo .Nm .Cm create @@ -723,7 +779,8 @@ those errors associated with the specified device or devices are cleared. .Ar pool vdev Ns ... .Xc Creates a new storage pool containing the virtual devices specified on the -command line. The pool name must begin with a letter, and can only contain +command line. +The pool name must begin with a letter, and can only contain alphanumeric characters as well as underscore .Pq Qq Sy _ , dash @@ -745,19 +802,22 @@ specification is described in the section. .Pp The command verifies that each device specified is accessible and not currently -in use by another subsystem. There are some uses, such as being currently -mounted, or specified as the dedicated dump device, that prevents a device from -ever being used by ZFS . Other uses, such as having a preexisting UFS file -system, can be overridden with the +in use by another subsystem. +There are some uses, such as being currently mounted, or specified as the +dedicated dump device, that prevents a device from ever being used by ZFS. +Other uses, such as having a preexisting UFS file system, can be overridden with +the .Fl f option. .Pp The command also checks that the replication strategy for the pool is -consistent. An attempt to combine redundant and non-redundant storage in a -single pool, or to mix disks and files, results in an error unless +consistent. +An attempt to combine redundant and non-redundant storage in a single pool, or +to mix disks and files, results in an error unless .Fl f -is specified. The use of differently sized devices within a single raidz or -mirror group is also flagged as an error unless +is specified. +The use of differently sized devices within a single raidz or mirror group is +also flagged as an error unless .Fl f is specified. .Pp @@ -766,7 +826,8 @@ Unless the option is specified, the default mount point is .Pa / Ns Ar pool . The mount point must not exist or must be empty, or else the root dataset -cannot be mounted. This can be overridden with the +cannot be mounted. +This can be overridden with the .Fl m option. .Pp @@ -776,36 +837,41 @@ option is specified. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl B Create whole disk pool with EFI System partition to support booting system -with UEFI firmware. Default size is 256MB. To create boot partition with -custom size, set the +with UEFI firmware. +Default size is 256MB. +To create boot partition with custom size, set the .Sy bootsize property with the .Fl o -option. See the +option. +See the .Sx Properties section for details. .It Fl d -Do not enable any features on the new pool. Individual features can be enabled -by setting their corresponding properties to +Do not enable any features on the new pool. +Individual features can be enabled by setting their corresponding properties to .Sy enabled with the .Fl o -option. See +option. +See .Xr zpool-features 5 for details about feature properties. .It Fl f Forces use of .Ar vdev Ns s , -even if they appear in use or specify a conflicting replication level. Not all -devices can be overridden in this manner. +even if they appear in use or specify a conflicting replication level. +Not all devices can be overridden in this manner. .It Fl m Ar mountpoint -Sets the mount point for the root dataset. The default mount point is +Sets the mount point for the root dataset. +The default mount point is .Pa /pool or .Pa altroot/pool if .Ar altroot -is specified. The mount point must be an absolute path, +is specified. +The mount point must be an absolute path, .Sy legacy , or .Sy none . @@ -813,15 +879,17 @@ For more information on dataset mount points, see .Xr zfs 1M . .It Fl n Displays the configuration that would be used without actually creating the -pool. The actual pool creation can still fail due to insufficient privileges or +pool. +The actual pool creation can still fail due to insufficient privileges or device sharing. .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value -Sets the given pool properties. See the +Sets the given pool properties. +See the .Sx Properties section for a list of valid properties that can be set. .It Fl O Ar file-system-property Ns = Ns Ar value -Sets the given file system properties in the root file system of the pool. See -the +Sets the given file system properties in the root file system of the pool. +See the .Sx Properties section of .Xr zfs 1M @@ -836,8 +904,8 @@ Equivalent to .Op Fl f .Ar pool .Xc -Destroys the given pool, freeing up any devices for other use. This command -tries to unmount any active datasets before destroying the pool. +Destroys the given pool, freeing up any devices for other use. +This command tries to unmount any active datasets before destroying the pool. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl f Forces any active datasets contained within the pool to be unmounted. @@ -849,28 +917,31 @@ Forces any active datasets contained within the pool to be unmounted. .Xc Detaches .Ar device -from a mirror. The operation is refused if there are no other valid replicas of -the data. +from a mirror. +The operation is refused if there are no other valid replicas of the data. .It Xo .Nm .Cm export .Op Fl f .Ar pool Ns ... .Xc -Exports the given pools from the system. All devices are marked as exported, -but are still considered in use by other subsystems. The devices can be moved -between systems +Exports the given pools from the system. +All devices are marked as exported, but are still considered in use by other +subsystems. +The devices can be moved between systems .Pq even those of different endianness and imported as long as a sufficient number of devices are present. .Pp -Before exporting the pool, all datasets within the pool are unmounted. A pool -can not be exported if it has a shared spare that is currently being used. +Before exporting the pool, all datasets within the pool are unmounted. +A pool can not be exported if it has a shared spare that is currently being +used. .Pp For pools to be portable, you must give the .Nm command whole disks, not just slices, so that ZFS can label the disks with -portable EFI labels. Otherwise, disk drivers on platforms of different -endianness will not recognize the disks. +portable EFI labels. +Otherwise, disk drivers on platforms of different endianness will not recognize +the disks. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl f Forcefully unmount all datasets, using the @@ -878,7 +949,8 @@ Forcefully unmount all datasets, using the command. .Pp This command will forcefully export the pool even if it has a shared spare that -is currently being used. This may lead to potential data corruption. +is currently being used. +This may lead to potential data corruption. .El .It Xo .Nm @@ -894,8 +966,8 @@ or all properties if .Sy all is used .Pc -for the specified storage pool(s). These properties are displayed with -the following fields: +for the specified storage pool(s). +These properties are displayed with the following fields: .Bd -literal name Name of storage pool property Property name @@ -908,8 +980,9 @@ See the section for more information on the available pool properties. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl H -Scripted mode. Do not display headers, and separate fields by a single tab -instead of arbitrary space. +Scripted mode. +Do not display headers, and separate fields by a single tab instead of arbitrary +space. .It Fl o Ar field A comma-separated list of columns to display. .Sy name Ns , Ns Sy property Ns , Ns Sy value Ns , Ns Sy source @@ -939,17 +1012,18 @@ performed. .Op Fl D .Op Fl d Ar dir .Xc -Lists pools available to import. If the +Lists pools available to import. +If the .Fl d option is not specified, this command searches for devices in .Pa /dev/dsk . The .Fl d -option can be specified multiple times, and all directories are searched. If the -device appears to be part of an exported pool, this command displays a summary -of the pool with the name of the pool, a numeric identifier, as well as the vdev -layout and current health of the device for each device or file. Destroyed -pools, pools that were previously destroyed with the +option can be specified multiple times, and all directories are searched. +If the device appears to be part of an exported pool, this command displays a +summary of the pool with the name of the pool, a numeric identifier, as well as +the vdev layout and current health of the device for each device or file. +Destroyed pools, pools that were previously destroyed with the .Nm zpool Cm destroy command, are not listed unless the .Fl D @@ -963,7 +1037,8 @@ Reads configuration from the given .Ar cachefile that was created with the .Sy cachefile -pool property. This +pool property. +This .Ar cachefile is used instead of searching for devices. .It Fl d Ar dir @@ -986,9 +1061,10 @@ Lists destroyed pools only. .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... .Op Fl R Ar root .Xc -Imports all pools found in the search directories. Identical to the previous -command, except that all pools with a sufficient number of devices available are -imported. Destroyed pools, pools that were previously destroyed with the +Imports all pools found in the search directories. +Identical to the previous command, except that all pools with a sufficient +number of devices available are imported. +Destroyed pools, pools that were previously destroyed with the .Nm zpool Cm destroy command, will not be imported unless the .Fl D @@ -1001,7 +1077,8 @@ Reads configuration from the given .Ar cachefile that was created with the .Sy cachefile -pool property. This +pool property. +This .Ar cachefile is used instead of searching for devices. .It Fl d Ar dir @@ -1009,41 +1086,47 @@ Searches for devices or files in .Ar dir . The .Fl d -option can be specified multiple times. This option is incompatible with the +option can be specified multiple times. +This option is incompatible with the .Fl c option. .It Fl D -Imports destroyed pools only. The +Imports destroyed pools only. +The .Fl f option is also required. .It Fl f Forces import, even if the pool appears to be potentially active. .It Fl F -Recovery mode for a non-importable pool. Attempt to return the pool to an -importable state by discarding the last few transactions. Not all damaged pools -can be recovered by using this option. If successful, the data from the -discarded transactions is irretrievably lost. This option is ignored if the pool -is importable or already imported. +Recovery mode for a non-importable pool. +Attempt to return the pool to an importable state by discarding the last few +transactions. +Not all damaged pools can be recovered by using this option. +If successful, the data from the discarded transactions is irretrievably lost. +This option is ignored if the pool is importable or already imported. .It Fl m -Allows a pool to import when there is a missing log device. Recent transactions -can be lost because the log device will be discarded. +Allows a pool to import when there is a missing log device. +Recent transactions can be lost because the log device will be discarded. .It Fl n Used with the .Fl F -recovery option. Determines whether a non-importable pool can be made importable -again, but does not actually perform the pool recovery. For more details about -pool recovery mode, see the +recovery option. +Determines whether a non-importable pool can be made importable again, but does +not actually perform the pool recovery. +For more details about pool recovery mode, see the .Fl F option, above. .It Fl N Import the pool without mounting any file systems. .It Fl o Ar mntopts Comma-separated list of mount options to use when mounting datasets within the -pool. See +pool. +See .Xr zfs 1M for a description of dataset properties and mount options. .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value -Sets the specified property on the imported pool. See the +Sets the specified property on the imported pool. +See the .Sx Properties section for more information on the available pool properties. .It Fl R Ar root @@ -1068,8 +1151,9 @@ property to .Ar pool Ns | Ns Ar id .Op Ar newpool .Xc -Imports a specific pool. A pool can be identified by its name or the numeric -identifier. If +Imports a specific pool. +A pool can be identified by its name or the numeric identifier. +If .Ar newpool is specified, the pool is imported using the name .Ar newpool . @@ -1077,9 +1161,10 @@ Otherwise, it is imported with the same name as its exported name. .Pp If a device is removed from a system without running .Nm zpool Cm export -first, the device appears as potentially active. It cannot be determined if -this was a failed export, or whether the device is really in use from another -host. To import a pool in this state, the +first, the device appears as potentially active. +It cannot be determined if this was a failed export, or whether the device is +really in use from another host. +To import a pool in this state, the .Fl f option is required. .Bl -tag -width Ds @@ -1088,7 +1173,8 @@ Reads configuration from the given .Ar cachefile that was created with the .Sy cachefile -pool property. This +pool property. +This .Ar cachefile is used instead of searching for devices. .It Fl d Ar dir @@ -1096,39 +1182,45 @@ Searches for devices or files in .Ar dir . The .Fl d -option can be specified multiple times. This option is incompatible with the +option can be specified multiple times. +This option is incompatible with the .Fl c option. .It Fl D -Imports destroyed pool. The +Imports destroyed pool. +The .Fl f option is also required. .It Fl f Forces import, even if the pool appears to be potentially active. .It Fl F -Recovery mode for a non-importable pool. Attempt to return the pool to an -importable state by discarding the last few transactions. Not all damaged pools -can be recovered by using this option. If successful, the data from the -discarded transactions is irretrievably lost. This option is ignored if the pool -is importable or already imported. +Recovery mode for a non-importable pool. +Attempt to return the pool to an importable state by discarding the last few +transactions. +Not all damaged pools can be recovered by using this option. +If successful, the data from the discarded transactions is irretrievably lost. +This option is ignored if the pool is importable or already imported. .It Fl m -Allows a pool to import when there is a missing log device. Recent transactions -can be lost because the log device will be discarded. +Allows a pool to import when there is a missing log device. +Recent transactions can be lost because the log device will be discarded. .It Fl n Used with the .Fl F -recovery option. Determines whether a non-importable pool can be made importable -again, but does not actually perform the pool recovery. For more details about -pool recovery mode, see the +recovery option. +Determines whether a non-importable pool can be made importable again, but does +not actually perform the pool recovery. +For more details about pool recovery mode, see the .Fl F option, above. .It Fl o Ar mntopts Comma-separated list of mount options to use when mounting datasets within the -pool. See +pool. +See .Xr zfs 1M for a description of dataset properties and mount options. .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value -Sets the specified property on the imported pool. See the +Sets the specified property on the imported pool. +See the .Sx Properties section for more information on the available pool properties. .It Fl R Ar root @@ -1149,29 +1241,35 @@ property to .Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ... .Op Ar interval Op Ar count .Xc -Displays I/O statistics for the given pools. When given an +Displays I/O statistics for the given pools. +When given an .Ar interval , the statistics are printed every .Ar interval -seconds until ^C is pressed. If no +seconds until ^C is pressed. +If no .Ar pool Ns s -are specified, statistics for every pool in the system is shown. If +are specified, statistics for every pool in the system is shown. +If .Ar count is specified, the command exits after .Ar count reports are printed. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d -Display a time stamp. Specify +Display a time stamp. +Specify .Sy u -for a printed representation of the internal representation of time. See +for a printed representation of the internal representation of time. +See .Xr time 2 . Specify .Sy d -for standard date format. See +for standard date format. +See .Xr date 1 . .It Fl v -Verbose statistics. Reports usage statistics for individual vdevs within the +Verbose statistics Reports usage statistics for individual vdevs within the pool, in addition to the pool-wide statistics. .El .It Xo @@ -1198,25 +1296,31 @@ Treat exported or foreign devices as inactive. .Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ... .Op Ar interval Op Ar count .Xc -Lists the given pools along with a health status and space usage. If no +Lists the given pools along with a health status and space usage. +If no .Ar pool Ns s -are specified, all pools in the system are listed. When given an +are specified, all pools in the system are listed. +When given an .Ar interval , the information is printed every .Ar interval -seconds until ^C is pressed. If +seconds until ^C is pressed. +If .Ar count is specified, the command exits after .Ar count reports are printed. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl H -Scripted mode. Do not display headers, and separate fields by a single tab -instead of arbitrary space. +Scripted mode. +Do not display headers, and separate fields by a single tab instead of arbitrary +space. .It Fl o Ar property -Comma-separated list of properties to display. See the +Comma-separated list of properties to display. +See the .Sx Properties -section for a list of valid properties. The default list is +section for a list of valid properties. +The default list is .Sy name , size , used , available , fragmentation , expandsize , capacity , .Sy dedupratio , health , altroot . .It Fl p @@ -1224,17 +1328,21 @@ Display numbers in parsable .Pq exact values. .It Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d -Display a time stamp. Specify +Display a time stamp. +Specify .Fl u -for a printed representation of the internal representation of time. See +for a printed representation of the internal representation of time. +See .Xr time 2 . Specify .Fl d -for standard date format. See +for standard date format. +See .Xr date 1 . .It Fl v -Verbose statistics. Reports usage statistics for individual vdevs within the -pool, in addition to the pool-wise statistics. +Verbose statistics. +Reports usage statistics for individual vdevs within the pool, in addition to +the pool-wise statistics. .El .It Xo .Nm @@ -1242,14 +1350,15 @@ pool, in addition to the pool-wise statistics. .Op Fl t .Ar pool Ar device Ns ... .Xc -Takes the specified physical device offline. While the +Takes the specified physical device offline. +While the .Ar device -is offline, no attempt is made to read or write to the device. This command is -not applicable to spares. +is offline, no attempt is made to read or write to the device. +This command is not applicable to spares. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl t -Temporary. Upon reboot, the specified physical device reverts to its previous -state. +Temporary. +Upon reboot, the specified physical device reverts to its previous state. .El .It Xo .Nm @@ -1257,21 +1366,22 @@ state. .Op Fl e .Ar pool Ar device Ns ... .Xc -Brings the specified physical device online. This command is not applicable to -spares. +Brings the specified physical device online. +This command is not applicable to spares. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl e -Expand the device to use all available space. If the device is part of a mirror -or raidz then all devices must be expanded before the new space will become -available to the pool. +Expand the device to use all available space. +If the device is part of a mirror or raidz then all devices must be expanded +before the new space will become available to the pool. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm reguid .Ar pool .Xc -Generates a new unique identifier for the pool. You must ensure that all devices -in this pool are online and healthy before performing this action. +Generates a new unique identifier for the pool. +You must ensure that all devices in this pool are online and healthy before +performing this action. .It Xo .Nm .Cm reopen @@ -1283,12 +1393,16 @@ Reopen all the vdevs associated with the pool. .Cm remove .Ar pool Ar device Ns ... .Xc -Removes the specified device from the pool. This command currently only supports -removing hot spares, cache, and log devices. A mirrored log device can be -removed by specifying the top-level mirror for the log. Non-log devices that are -part of a mirrored configuration can be removed using the +Removes the specified device from the pool. +This command currently only supports removing hot spares, cache, and log +devices. +A mirrored log device can be removed by specifying the top-level mirror for the +log. +Non-log devices that are part of a mirrored configuration can be removed using +the .Nm zpool Cm detach -command. Non-redundant and raidz devices cannot be removed from a pool. +command. +Non-redundant and raidz devices cannot be removed from a pool. .It Xo .Nm .Cm replace @@ -1310,21 +1424,23 @@ must be greater than or equal to the minimum size of all the devices in a mirror or raidz configuration. .Pp .Ar new_device -is required if the pool is not redundant. If +is required if the pool is not redundant. +If .Ar new_device is not specified, it defaults to .Ar old_device . This form of replacement is useful after an existing disk has failed and has -been physically replaced. In this case, the new disk may have the same +been physically replaced. +In this case, the new disk may have the same .Pa /dev/dsk -path as the old device, even though it is actually a different disk. ZFS -recognizes this. +path as the old device, even though it is actually a different disk. +ZFS recognizes this. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl f Forces use of .Ar new_device , -even if its appears to be in use. Not all devices can be overridden in this -manner. +even if its appears to be in use. +Not all devices can be overridden in this manner. .El .It Xo .Nm @@ -1332,16 +1448,20 @@ manner. .Op Fl s .Ar pool Ns ... .Xc -Begins a scrub. The scrub examines all data in the specified pools to verify -that it checksums correctly. For replicated +Begins a scrub. +The scrub examines all data in the specified pools to verify that it checksums +correctly. +For replicated .Pq mirror or raidz -devices, ZFS automatically repairs any damage discovered during the scrub. The +devices, ZFS automatically repairs any damage discovered during the scrub. +The .Nm zpool Cm status command reports the progress of the scrub and summarizes the results of the scrub upon completion. .Pp -Scrubbing and resilvering are very similar operations. The difference is that -resilvering only examines data that ZFS knows to be out of date +Scrubbing and resilvering are very similar operations. +The difference is that resilvering only examines data that ZFS knows to be out +of date .Po for example, when attaching a new device to a mirror or replacing an existing device @@ -1350,10 +1470,12 @@ whereas scrubbing examines all data to discover silent errors due to hardware faults or disk failure. .Pp Because scrubbing and resilvering are I/O-intensive operations, ZFS only allows -one at a time. If a scrub is already in progress, the +one at a time. +If a scrub is already in progress, the .Nm zpool Cm scrub -command terminates it and starts a new scrub. If a resilver is in progress, ZFS -does not allow a scrub to be started until the resilver completes. +command terminates it and starts a new scrub. +If a resilver is in progress, ZFS does not allow a scrub to be started until the +resilver completes. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl s Stop scrubbing. @@ -1364,7 +1486,8 @@ Stop scrubbing. .Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar pool .Xc -Sets the given property on the specified pool. See the +Sets the given property on the specified pool. +See the .Sx Properties section for more information on what properties can be set and acceptable values. @@ -1382,14 +1505,15 @@ creating .Ar newpool . All vdevs in .Ar pool -must be mirrors. At the time of the split, +must be mirrors. +At the time of the split, .Ar newpool will be a replica of .Ar pool . .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl n -Do dry run, do not actually perform the split. Print out the expected -configuration of +Do dry run, do not actually perform the split. +Print out the expected configuration of .Ar newpool . .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Sets the specified property for @@ -1414,17 +1538,18 @@ and automaticaly import it. .Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ... .Op Ar interval Op Ar count .Xc -Displays the detailed health status for the given pools. If no +Displays the detailed health status for the given pools. +If no .Ar pool -is specified, then the status of each pool in the system is displayed. For more -information on pool and device health, see the +is specified, then the status of each pool in the system is displayed. +For more information on pool and device health, see the .Sx Device Failure and Recovery section. .Pp If a scrub or resilver is in progress, this command reports the percentage done -and the estimated time to completion. Both of these are only approximate, -because the amount of data in the pool and the other workloads on the system can -change. +and the estimated time to completion. +Both of these are only approximate, because the amount of data in the pool and +the other workloads on the system can change. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl D Display a histogram of deduplication statistics, showing the allocated @@ -1433,29 +1558,33 @@ and referenced .Pq logically referenced in the pool block counts and sizes by reference count. .It Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d -Display a time stamp. Specify +Display a time stamp. +Specify .Fl u -for a printed representation of the internal representation of time. See +for a printed representation of the internal representation of time. +See .Xr time 2 . Specify .Fl d -for standard date format. See +for standard date format. +See .Xr date 1 . .It Fl v Displays verbose data error information, printing out a complete list of all data errors since the last complete pool scrub. .It Fl x Only display status for pools that are exhibiting errors or are otherwise -unavailable. Warnings about pools not using the latest on-disk format will not -be included. +unavailable. +Warnings about pools not using the latest on-disk format will not be included. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm upgrade .Xc Displays pools which do not have all supported features enabled and pools -formatted using a legacy ZFS version number. These pools can continue to be -used, but some features may not be available. Use +formatted using a legacy ZFS version number. +These pools can continue to be used, but some features may not be available. +Use .Nm zpool Cm upgrade Fl a to enable all features on all pools. .It Xo @@ -1463,7 +1592,8 @@ to enable all features on all pools. .Cm upgrade .Fl v .Xc -Displays legacy ZFS versions supported by the current software. See +Displays legacy ZFS versions supported by the current software. + See .Xr zpool-features 5 for a description of feature flags features supported by the current software. .It Xo @@ -1472,8 +1602,10 @@ for a description of feature flags features supported by the current software. .Op Fl V Ar version .Fl a Ns | Ns Ar pool Ns ... .Xc -Enables all supported features on the given pool. Once this is done, the pool -will no longer be accessible on systems that do not support feature flags. See +Enables all supported features on the given pool. +Once this is done, the pool will no longer be accessible on systems that do not +support feature flags. +See .Xr zpool-features 5 for details on compatibility with systems that support feature flags, but do not support all features enabled on the pool. @@ -1481,11 +1613,12 @@ support all features enabled on the pool. .It Fl a Enables all supported features on all pools. .It Fl V Ar version -Upgrade to the specified legacy version. If the +Upgrade to the specified legacy version. +If the .Fl V -flag is specified, no features will be enabled on the pool. This option can only -be used to increase the version number up to the last supported legacy version -number. +flag is specified, no features will be enabled on the pool. +This option can only be used to increase the version number up to the last +supported legacy version number. .El .El .Sh EXIT STATUS @@ -1518,25 +1651,26 @@ The following command creates an unmirrored pool using two disk slices. # zpool create tank /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s1 c0t1d0s4 .Ed .It Sy Example 4 No Creating a ZFS Storage Pool by Using Files -The following command creates an unmirrored pool using files. While not -recommended, a pool based on files can be useful for experimental purposes. +The following command creates an unmirrored pool using files. +While not recommended, a pool based on files can be useful for experimental +purposes. .Bd -literal # zpool create tank /path/to/file/a /path/to/file/b .Ed .It Sy Example 5 No Adding a Mirror to a ZFS Storage Pool The following command adds two mirrored disks to the pool .Em tank , -assuming the pool is already made up of two-way mirrors. The additional space -is immediately available to any datasets within the pool. +assuming the pool is already made up of two-way mirrors. +The additional space is immediately available to any datasets within the pool. .Bd -literal # zpool add tank mirror c1t0d0 c1t1d0 .Ed .It Sy Example 6 No Listing Available ZFS Storage Pools -The following command lists all available pools on the system. In this case, -the pool +The following command lists all available pools on the system. +In this case, the pool .Em zion -is faulted due to a missing device. The results from this command are similar -to the following: +is faulted due to a missing device. +The results from this command are similar to the following: .Bd -literal # zpool list NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE FRAG EXPANDSZ CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT @@ -1561,8 +1695,8 @@ so that they can be relocated or later imported. .It Sy Example 9 No Importing a ZFS Storage Pool The following command displays available pools, and then imports the pool .Em tank -for use on the system. The results from this command are similar to the -following: +for use on the system. +The results from this command are similar to the following: .Bd -literal # zpool import pool: tank @@ -1592,14 +1726,16 @@ The following command creates a new pool with an available hot spare: .Ed .Pp If one of the disks were to fail, the pool would be reduced to the degraded -state. The failed device can be replaced using the following command: +state. +The failed device can be replaced using the following command: .Bd -literal # zpool replace tank c0t0d0 c0t3d0 .Ed .Pp Once the data has been resilvered, the spare is automatically removed and is -made available should another device fails. The hot spare can be permanently -removed from the pool using the following command: +made available should another device fails. +The hot spare can be permanently removed from the pool using the following +command: .Bd -literal # zpool remove tank c0t2d0 .Ed @@ -1619,7 +1755,8 @@ pool: .Pp Once added, the cache devices gradually fill with content from main memory. Depending on the size of your cache devices, it could take over an hour for -them to fill. Capacity and reads can be monitored using the +them to fill. +Capacity and reads can be monitored using the .Cm iostat option as follows: .Bd -literal @@ -1659,9 +1796,9 @@ is: The following command dipslays the detailed information for the pool .Em data . This pool is comprised of a single raidz vdev where one of its devices -increased its capacity by 10GB. In this example, the pool will not be able to -utilize this extra capacity until all the devices under the raidz vdev have -been expanded. +increased its capacity by 10GB. +In this example, the pool will not be able to utilize this extra capacity until +all the devices under the raidz vdev have been expanded. .Bd -literal # zpool list -v data NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE FRAG EXPANDSZ CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT |