diff options
| author | dmcmahill <dmcmahill@pkgsrc.org> | 2000-09-01 15:05:56 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | dmcmahill <dmcmahill@pkgsrc.org> | 2000-09-01 15:05:56 +0000 |
| commit | abdd9fbf7bbfc45cd1907fb1940e828fbc07dfdb (patch) | |
| tree | 9630a0f3a99ecab827915576b77121afea7e55fd /cad | |
| parent | d5519022f58b3dab92510253ff3a887e2b882f26 (diff) | |
| download | pkgsrc-abdd9fbf7bbfc45cd1907fb1940e828fbc07dfdb.tar.gz | |
move the docs out of FILESDIR to a seperate tarball instead of making the
pkgsrc for this pkg be nearly 1Mb. Thanks to Thomas Klausner for pointing
this out.
Diffstat (limited to 'cad')
| -rw-r--r-- | cad/pcb/Makefile | 14 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | cad/pcb/files/index.html | 109 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | cad/pcb/files/md5 | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | cad/pcb/files/pcb.html | 5715 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | cad/pcb/files/pcb.info | 4125 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | cad/pcb/files/pcb.ps | 6489 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | cad/pcb/files/refcard.ps | 437 |
7 files changed, 10 insertions, 16882 deletions
diff --git a/cad/pcb/Makefile b/cad/pcb/Makefile index 31a10a308be..c7a928414a6 100644 --- a/cad/pcb/Makefile +++ b/cad/pcb/Makefile @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# $NetBSD: Makefile,v 1.7 2000/08/31 14:55:29 dmcmahill Exp $ +# $NetBSD: Makefile,v 1.8 2000/09/01 15:05:56 dmcmahill Exp $ # FreeBSD Id: Makefile,v 1.19 1998/10/31 18:05:31 jseger Exp # @@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ CATEGORIES= cad MASTER_SITES= ftp://ftp.linuxppc.org/pub/linuxppc/users/harry/PCB/ \ ftp://ftp.uni-ulm.de/pub/pcb/mirror/ EXTRACT_SUFX= .tgz +DISTFILES= pcb-1.6.3.tgz \ + pcb-docs-1.6.3.tar.gz MAINTAINER= packages@netbsd.org HOMEPAGE= http://bach.ece.jhu.edu/~haceaton/pcb/ @@ -19,10 +21,10 @@ INFO_FILES= pcb.info post-install: ${INSTALL_MAN_DIR} ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/ - ${INSTALL_MAN} ${FILESDIR}/index.html ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/ - ${INSTALL_MAN} ${FILESDIR}/pcb.html ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/ - ${INSTALL_MAN} ${FILESDIR}/pcb.info ${PREFIX}/info/ - ${INSTALL_MAN} ${FILESDIR}/pcb.ps ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/ - ${INSTALL_MAN} ${FILESDIR}/refcard.ps ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/ + ${INSTALL_MAN} ${WRKSRC}/doc/index.html ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/ + ${INSTALL_MAN} ${WRKSRC}/doc/pcb.html ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/ + ${INSTALL_MAN} ${WRKSRC}/doc/pcb.info ${PREFIX}/info/ + ${INSTALL_MAN} ${WRKSRC}/doc/pcb.ps ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/ + ${INSTALL_MAN} ${WRKSRC}/doc/refcard.ps ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/ .include "../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk" diff --git a/cad/pcb/files/index.html b/cad/pcb/files/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index c8d0d6e25c2..00000000000 --- a/cad/pcb/files/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,109 +0,0 @@ -<HTML> -<HEAD> -<!-- Created by texi2html 1.56k from pcb.texi on 31 August 2000 --> - -<TITLE>Pcb 1.6.3 - Table of Contents</TITLE> -</HEAD> -<BODY> -<H1>Pcb</H1> -<H2>an interactive</H2> -<H2>printed circuit board</H2> -<H2>layout system for <CODE>X11</CODE></H2> -<ADDRESS>Thomas Nau</ADDRESS> -<P> -<P><HR><P> -<UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC1" HREF="pcb.html#SEC1">Copying</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC2" HREF="pcb.html#SEC2">History</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC3" HREF="pcb.html#SEC3">Introduction</A> -<UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC4" HREF="pcb.html#SEC4">Symbols</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC5" HREF="pcb.html#SEC5">Vias</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC6" HREF="pcb.html#SEC6">Elements</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC7" HREF="pcb.html#SEC7">Layers</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC8" HREF="pcb.html#SEC8">Lines</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC9" HREF="pcb.html#SEC9">Arcs</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC10" HREF="pcb.html#SEC10">Polygons</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC11" HREF="pcb.html#SEC11">Text</A> -</UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC12" HREF="pcb.html#SEC12">Getting Started</A> -<UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC13" HREF="pcb.html#SEC13">The Application Window</A> -<UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC14" HREF="pcb.html#SEC14">The Status-line and Input-field</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC15" HREF="pcb.html#SEC15">The Control Panel</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC16" HREF="pcb.html#SEC16">The Mode Selectors</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC17" HREF="pcb.html#SEC17">Drawing Area</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC18" HREF="pcb.html#SEC18">Menu</A> -</UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC19" HREF="pcb.html#SEC19">Log Window</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC20" HREF="pcb.html#SEC20">Library Window</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC21" HREF="pcb.html#SEC21">Drawing and Removing Basic Objects</A> -<UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC22" HREF="pcb.html#SEC22">Lines</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC23" HREF="pcb.html#SEC23">Arcs</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC24" HREF="pcb.html#SEC24">Polygons and Rectangles</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC25" HREF="pcb.html#SEC25">Text</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC26" HREF="pcb.html#SEC26">Vias</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC27" HREF="pcb.html#SEC27">Elements</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC28" HREF="pcb.html#SEC28">Pastebuffer</A> -</UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC29" HREF="pcb.html#SEC29">Moving and Copying</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC30" HREF="pcb.html#SEC30">Loading and Saving</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC31" HREF="pcb.html#SEC31">Printing</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC32" HREF="pcb.html#SEC32">Connection Lists</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC33" HREF="pcb.html#SEC33">Selection</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC34" HREF="pcb.html#SEC34">Rats Nest</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC35" HREF="pcb.html#SEC35">Design Rule Checking</A> -</UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC36" HREF="pcb.html#SEC36">User Commands</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC37" HREF="pcb.html#SEC37">Command-Line Options</A> -<UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC38" HREF="pcb.html#SEC38">Options</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC39" HREF="pcb.html#SEC39">Special Options</A> -</UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC40" HREF="pcb.html#SEC40">X11 Interface</A> -<UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC41" HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC42" HREF="pcb.html#SEC42">Actions</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC43" HREF="pcb.html#SEC43">Default Translations</A> -</UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC44" HREF="pcb.html#SEC44">File Formats</A> -<UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC45" HREF="pcb.html#SEC45">Basic Types</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC46" HREF="pcb.html#SEC46">Layout File Format</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC47" HREF="pcb.html#SEC47">Element File Format</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC48" HREF="pcb.html#SEC48">Font File Format</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC49" HREF="pcb.html#SEC49">Library Contents File Format</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC50" HREF="pcb.html#SEC50">Library File Format</A> -</UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC51" HREF="pcb.html#SEC51">Installation and Troubleshooting</A> -<UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC52" HREF="pcb.html#SEC52">Compiling and Installing</A> -<UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC53" HREF="pcb.html#SEC53">Editing config.h</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC54" HREF="pcb.html#SEC54">Manuals</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC55" HREF="pcb.html#SEC55">Compiling the Package</A> -</UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC56" HREF="pcb.html#SEC56">Troubleshooting</A> -<UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC57" HREF="pcb.html#SEC57">HP Series 700 and 800</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC58" HREF="pcb.html#SEC58">Sun SPARC architecture</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC59" HREF="pcb.html#SEC59">Silicon Graphics</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC60" HREF="pcb.html#SEC60">DEC Alpha</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC61" HREF="pcb.html#SEC61">SCO Unix</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC62" HREF="pcb.html#SEC62">Linux</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC63" HREF="pcb.html#SEC63">FreeBSD and NetBSD</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC64" HREF="pcb.html#SEC64">Problems related to X11</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC65" HREF="pcb.html#SEC65">Problems related to TeX</A> -</UL> -</UL> -<LI><A NAME="TOC66" HREF="pcb.html#SEC66">Index of Resources</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC67" HREF="pcb.html#SEC67">Index of Actions, Commands and Options</A> -<LI><A NAME="TOC68" HREF="pcb.html#SEC68">Index of Concepts</A> -</UL> -<P><HR><P> -This document was generated on 31 August 2000 using -<A HREF="http://wwwinfo.cern.ch/dis/texi2html/">texi2html</A> 1.56k. -</BODY> -</HTML> diff --git a/cad/pcb/files/md5 b/cad/pcb/files/md5 index 7ca3aad55ad..8309d906a49 100644 --- a/cad/pcb/files/md5 +++ b/cad/pcb/files/md5 @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ -$NetBSD: md5,v 1.1.1.1 1998/11/07 14:30:34 frueauf Exp $ +$NetBSD: md5,v 1.2 2000/09/01 15:05:58 dmcmahill Exp $ MD5 (pcb-1.6.3.tgz) = 2649927fd49b89d71a524082b633849e +MD5 (pcb-docs-1.6.3.tar.gz) = 28756be714b203533c8bea5c80d0571c diff --git a/cad/pcb/files/pcb.html b/cad/pcb/files/pcb.html deleted file mode 100644 index 2a0e02218f1..00000000000 --- a/cad/pcb/files/pcb.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5715 +0,0 @@ -<HTML> -<HEAD> -<!-- Created by texi2html 1.56k from pcb.texi on 31 August 2000 --> - -<TITLE>Pcb 1.6.3</TITLE> -</HEAD> -<BODY> -<H1>Pcb</H1> -<H2>an interactive</H2> -<H2>printed circuit board</H2> -<H2>layout system for <CODE>X11</CODE></H2> -<ADDRESS>Thomas Nau</ADDRESS> -<P> -<P><HR><P> - - -<UL> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC1">Copying</A>: <CODE>Pcb</CODE> is freely redistributable! -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC2">History</A>: How it all began. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC3">Intro</A>: A short description of the basic objects. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC12">Getting Started</A>: Introduction to <CODE>Pcb</CODE>. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC36">User Commands</A>: User commands of <CODE>Pcb</CODE>. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC37">Command-Line Options</A>: Calling <CODE>Pcb</CODE> from a shell. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC40">X11 Interface</A>: Action routines, resources and default translation. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC44">File Formats</A>: Description of <CODE>ASCII</CODE> files used by <CODE>Pcb</CODE>. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC51">Installation</A>: Compiling, installing and troubleshooting. -</UL> - - - -<H1><A NAME="SEC1" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC1">Copying</A></H1> -<P> -Copyright (C) 1994,1995,1996,1997 Thomas Nau - - -<P> -This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify -it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or -(at your option) any later version. - - -<P> -This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -MERCHANT-ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -<B>GNU General Public License</B> for more details. - - - - -<H1><A NAME="SEC2" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC2">History</A></H1> -<P> -<A NAME="IDX1"></A> -<CODE>Pcb</CODE> is a handy tool for laying out printed circuit -boards. -It was first written for an Atari ST in 1990 and ported to <CODE>UNIX</CODE> and -<CODE>X11</CODE> in 1994. -I never had the intention to create another professional layout system, -but to write a tool which supports people like you who do some -home-developing of hardware. For this reason it has no auto-router nor -auto-placement code. - - -<P> -The second release 1.2 included menus for the first time. This made -<CODE>PCB</CODE> easier to use and thus a more important tool. - - -<P> -Release 1.3 introduced undo for highly-destructive commands, -more straightforward action handling and scalable fonts. Layer-groups -were introduced to group signal-layers together. - - -<P> -Release 1.4 provided support for add-on device drivers. -Two layers (the solder and the component side) -were added to support SMD elements. The handling of libraries -was also improved in 1.4.1. Support for additional devices like -GERBER plotters started in 1.4.4. The undo feature was expanded -and the redo-feature added in 1.4.5. - - -<P> -Release 1.5 provides support for rats-nest generation from simple net -lists. It also allows for automatic clearances around pins that pierce -a polygon. A variety of other enhancments including a Gerber RS274X -driver and NC drill file generation have also been added. -harry eaton (haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu) -was responsible for most of the changes found in this release. - - -<P> -Release 1.6 provides automatic screen updates of changed regions. -This should elliminate most of the need for the redraw (r) key. -Also some changes to what order items under the cursor are selected -were made for better consistancy - it is no longer possible to -accidentally move a line or line point that is completely obscured -by a polygon laying over top of it. Larger objects on the upper -most layers can be selected ahead of smaller objects on lower layers. -These changes make operations more intuitive. A new mode of line -creation was added that creates two line on 45 degree angles -with a single click. The actual outline of the prospective line(s) are -now shown during line creation. An arc creation mode was added. -Drawn arcs are quarter circles and can be useful for high frequency -controlled impedance lines. (You can have eighth circle arc if the -source is compiled with -DARC45, but be aware that the ends of such -arcs can never intersect a grid point). Two new flags for pins and -vias were created - one indicates that the pin or via is purely a -drill hole and has no copper annulus. You can only toggle this flag -for vias - for elements, it must be an integral part of the element -definition. The other flag controls whether the pad will be round -or octagonal. There is also now a feature for converting the contents -of a buffer into an element. Vias become the pins (or mounting holes), -lines and arcs on the solder layer become silkscreen, and lines on the -component layer become the pads. Action commands entered via the colon -command entry are no longer proceeded with "a ", just type the command -directly. Several bugs have also been fixed. New -ones were probably introduced since extensive changes were made. -harry eaton was responsible for these changes. - - -<P> -Release 1.6.1 adds the ability to make groups of action commands bound to -a single X11 event to be undone by a single undo. Also a simple design rule -checker was added - it checks for minimum spacing and overlap rules. Plus -many fixes for bugs introduced with the many changes of 1.6 -harry is responsible for these changes too. - - -<P> -Special thanks goes to: - -<PRE> -Bernhard Daeubler (Bernhard.Daeubler@physik.uni-ulm.de) -Harald Daeubler (Harald.Daeubler@physik.uni-ulm.de) -Roland Merk (merk@faw.uni-ulm.de) -Erland Unruh (Erland.Unruh@malmo.trab.se) -Albert John FitzPatrick III (ajf_nylorac@acm.org) -Boerge Strand (borges@ifi.uio.no) -harry eaton (haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu) -Andre M. Hedrick (hedrick@Astro.Dyer.Vanderbilt.Edu) -</PRE> - -<P> -who did most of the alpha and beta testing, helped to port <CODE>PCB</CODE> to -several operating systems and platforms and corrected several typos in the -manuals. In addition to these, many others donated time for bug-fixing and -other important work. Some of them can be identified in the source code -files. Thanks to all of them. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX2"></A> - - -<H1><A NAME="SEC3" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC3">Introduction</A></H1> -<P> -Each layout consists of several, mostly independent, objects. This chapter -gives an overview of the object types and their relationship to each other. -For a complete description of how to use <CODE>Pcb</CODE>, refer to -section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC12">Getting Started</A>. -The layout is generated on-screen on a grid that has its origin in the -upper left corner of the screen. -The x coordinate increases to the right, y increases down to the bottom. -All distances and sizes in <CODE>Pcb</CODE> are measured in mils (0.001 inch). -One unit on the display grid is one mil in distance on the board. -The sections in this chapter are sorted by the -order of appearance of the objects within a layout file. - - - -<UL> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC4">Symbol Objects</A>: Information about fonts and symbols. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC5">Via Objects</A>: Vias and pins connect layers. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC6">Element Objects</A>: Element, the basic type of circuits. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC7">Layer Objects</A>: A <SAMP>`container'</SAMP> for lines, text... -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC8">Line Objects</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC9">Arc Objects</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC10">Polygon Objects</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC11">Text Objects</A>: Objects to add symbols to your board. -</UL> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX3"></A> -<A NAME="IDX4"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC4" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC4">Symbols</A></H2> -<P> -The top object is the layout itself. It uses a set of symbols -that resides at the first logical level. Each symbol is uniquely identified -by a seven bit <CODE>ASCII</CODE> code. All layout objects share the same set of -symbols. These symbols are used to form text objects on the silkscreen -and copper layers. Undefined symbols are drawn as filled rectangles. - - -<P> -Every font file is preprocessed by a user-defined command when it is loaded. -For details see <SAMP>`fontCommand'</SAMP>, section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A>. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX5"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC5" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC5">Vias</A></H2> -<P> -Vias are identical to the pins used by elements except that they can be added -or removed individually. -The purpose of vias is to provide connections between different layers. -Don't use vias for adding elements to the layout, even if that seems -easier than creating a new element. -Vias are useful for defining arbitrary drill points such as -those used for mounting a board. -You can assign a name to a via even though you probably won't ever want to. -Vias reside at the first logical level; therefore, each -via exists on all layers. (<EM>i.e.</EM> -blind vias are not supported) - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX6"></A> -<A NAME="IDX7"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC6" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC6">Elements</A></H2> -<P> -Elements represent the components on a board. -Elements are loaded from <CODE>ASCII</CODE> coded files in a -similar manner to the layout file itself. -They are composed of lines and arcs on the silk-screen -layer (used to define the package outline) , pins -(or pads for SMD) and three labels that define the -description, the element's layout-name (which also -appears on the silk- screen layer) and its value. -Element pins are contained on the first logical level -and so reside on all layers. -A mark is used to position the element with -respect to the cursor cross-hair during pasting. -SMD elements use pads instead of pins. -Pads are handled similarly to lines on a layer but they must be oriented -either vertically or horizontally. -Pads can have either rounded or square ends. -All parts of an element are treated as one unit. -It is not possible to delete a single pin or break -an element into pieces on the layout. -You can resize separate pieces of an element, -but doing so is usually a bad idea. - - -<P> -Elements are supported by several special layers: <EM>silk</EM>, <EM>pins/pads</EM> and -<EM>far-side</EM>. The <EM>silk</EM> layer shows the package outline and -also holds legend text and element names. The <EM>pins/pads</EM> layer is used to toggle -whether the element's pins and pads are displayed. The <EM>far-side</EM> layer controls visibility -of objects (silkscreen and pads) that are on the far (<EM>i.e.</EM> not currently viewed) side -of the board. - - -<P> -Every element file is preprocessed by a user-defined command when the file is read. -For details see <SAMP>`elementCommand'</SAMP>, section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A>. <CODE>m4</CODE>, the default -value of <SAMP>`elementCommand'</SAMP>, allows you to create libraries for -package definitions that are shared by all elements. -The element libraries distributed with <CODE>Pcb</CODE> expect <CODE>m4</CODE> or an -equivalent to be the <EM>elementCommand</EM>. - - -<P> -<CODE>Pcb</CODE> can create a list of -all connections from one (or all) elements to the others or a list of -unconnected pins. -It can also verify the layout connections against a netlist file. -The element's <SAMP>`layout-name'</SAMP> is the name used to identify an element -in a netlist file. -The pin numbering for an element is defined by unique strings assigned to -each pin. In addition to the "pin number" string, each pin has a "name" -which describes its function. Previously element pin number was established -by the order of appearance of the pin definitions in the layout or element -file. Since the "number" strings for each pin are a new feature, if they are -absent then the numbering is again established by the order of pin appearance -in the file. -In other words, the first pin appearing in the file is pin one, the -next pin is pin two and so on. -Usually the names assigned to pins are simply numbers, but they don't -have to be. It is only necessary that the "number" string for the pin -matches exactly the "number" string in the netlist file. -<B>Be aware that a few of the library parts may still be incorrectly -implemented regarding pin-numbering.</B> All of the DIL (Dual- -Inline-Pins) parts are correct and most of the others are too, -but you should verify the pin numbering -of any non-DIL part (use the <EM>Report Menu</EM> to see what <CODE>Pcb</CODE> thinks a pin's -number is) before using the rats nest feature with a library part. Hopefully sometime -soon someone will volunteer to cross-check all of the element libraries and make -fixes available as necessary. -<CODE>Pcb</CODE> can also check a layout to see that it meets minimum spacing -and overlap rules. - - -<P> -You can make your own quick-and-dirty element definitions graphically now. -Simply draw vias for the pins -and lines and arcs on a solder layer for the silkscreen -outline. You should name each via with the pin number. -If you want to create a SMD device, draw lines for the pads on a -component side layer (You must draw these in pin number order since lines can't -be named). They must be -either horizontal or vertical or they will not be recognized as pads. Once -you are happy with the geometry, select everything that is to become part of -the element, then choose "cut to buffer" from the menu. Now select "convert -buffer to element" from the menu. Viola'! Afterwards you can make pin one -square (or pads) if you like, and give the element its various names. Note that the -element mark corresponds to the cut position when everything was put into the -buffer. If the vias are not named, then the pin numbering will correspond to the -order in which the vias were placed. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX8"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC7" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC7">Layers</A></H2> -<P> -Every layout consists of several layers that can be used independently -or treated as a group. -Layer groups can be used to logically separate (and color-code) -different traces (<EM>e.g.</EM> power and signal); however, all -layers within a group reside on the same physical -copper layer of a board, so using different layers within the same -group won't provide electrical separation where they touch or overlap. -For details, see <SAMP>`layerGroups'</SAMP>, section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A>. -Each layer is drawn in a color defined in the resource file (for -details see <SAMP>`layerColor'</SAMP>, section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A>) and identified by a name -that you can change. -Layers are really just containers for line, polygon, and text objects. The -component and solder layers contain SMD elements as well, but the -file structure doesn't reflect that fact directly. Each layer group -represents a physical layer on the printed circuit board. If you want to make -a four layer board, you'll need to have four layer groups. -Connections between layer groups are established only through element pins and vias. -The relationship between a specific layer and the board itself is configureable from -the <SAMP>`Edit layer groups'</SAMP> option in the <SAMP>`Objects'</SAMP> menu. -The layer groups corresponding to the physical layers <EM>component-side</EM> -and <EM>solder-side</EM> are always defined, and you must map at least one -logical layer to each. -Of course, you are not obligated to put tracks on either of them. -SMD-elements always reside on either the component-side or the solder-side -layer group. -You can swap which side of the board you are viewing by pressing -<EM><Key>Tab</EM>. -You can decide which layer group will be the solder side and which will be -the component side. -The layers groups just have a name or number associated with them - where -they are sandwiched in the board is left to the manufacturing processes. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX9"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC8" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC8">Lines</A></H2> -<P> -Lines are used to draw tracks on the pc board. -When in the line mode, each <EM><Btn1></EM> -press establishes one end of a line. -Once the second point is defined, the line is drawn -and a new line started where the first one ended. -You can abondon the new starting point in favor -of another by pressing <EM>Ctrl<Btn1></EM>. -The undo function (<EM><Key>u</EM>) will take you back -point by point if you use it while in the line mode. -New lines can be restricted to 45 degree angles if desired. You can toggle this -restriction on and off while creating lines by pressing <EM><Key>.</EM> (that is the -<EM>period</EM> key). If the 45 degree restriction is turned on, then the <EM><Key>/</EM> -can be used to cylce through three different modes of 45 degree line creation. -One mode just creates a single line forced to the nearest 45 degree vector. The next -mode creates two lines from the start to end points such that the first line leaves the -start point at a 90 degree vector, and the second line enters the end point on a 45 -degree vector. The next mode creates two lines such that the first line leaves the -start point on a 45 degree vector and arrives at the end point on a 90 degree vector. -You can temporarily swap between the last two modes by holding the shift key down. -It is simple to edit a line type object by breaking it into pieces (insert point mode), -moving an end point (or the whole line) (<EM><Btn2Down><drag><Btn2Up></EM>), -or changing the layer it resides on (<EM><Key>m</EM> moves the line under the pointer -to the active layer). -In the case when two line segments meet at exactly the same -point you can delete the intermediate point, otherwise the delete mode removes an entire line. -Feel free to experiment -since <CODE>Pcb</CODE> will allow you to undo anything that materially affects your work. -If you switch active layers in the midst of placing lines a via will automatically be -placed, when necessary, in order to continue the connection. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX10"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC9" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC9">Arcs</A></H2> -<P> -With version 1.6 it is possible to draw copper arcs. The arcs are restricted to -be quarter circles. This means they always bend a right angle. They are very similar -to lines otherwise. They are created on the current layer and have the same thickness -that new lines will have. The various clicks for creating lines work pretty much the -same way for creating arcs. The start point for the arc is at the first <EM><Btn1></EM> -position. In order to make the arc curve in the direction desired, drag the mouse along -the tangent line from the starting position towards the end position. If the grid is -too coarse, it may not be possible to distinguish whether you've moved over then up, -or up then over, so if you can't seem to make the arc go the direction you want, you -should decrease the grid spacing. Alternatively you could drawn the wrong arc, then -rotate and move it where you want. Like the line tool, after an arc is drawn a new -starting point is established at the end point. Whenever a start point is established -by either the line or arc tools it will be retained if you switch directly between the -tools (e.g. <EM><Key>F2</EM> for Lines, <EM><Key>F8</EM> for Arcs. Of course connection -searches, undo and all the other features you'd expect work with arcs now. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX11"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC10" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC10">Polygons</A></H2> -<P> -Sometimes it's useful to fill large areas with solid copper. -The way to do this is with polygons. -Polygons can be created in either the polygon mode or the rectangle mode. -In the polygon mode, you'll have to define each corner of the polygon -with a mouse click (<EM><Btn1></EM>). When the last point is clicked -exactly on top of the starting point, the polygon is finished. -Since this can be hard to do, the <EM>Shift<Key>p</EM> will enter the -final point for you, closing the polygon. -If the 45 degree angle restriction is turned on -and you try to close the polygon when it is not possible, you'll get a -warning instead. If you haven't finished entering a polygon, but want to -undo one (or more) of the points that you've already defined, use the -undo command (<EM><Key>u</EM>). -With the rectangle tool, defining -the two opposite corners is sufficient, but of course the resulting -polygon is a rectangle. -Like lines, a polygon can by edited by deleting, inserting and moving the points -that define it. -<CODE>Pcb</CODE> is capable of handling complex polygons, but -using a number of simpler ones improves performance of the connection tracing code. - - -<P> -A new feature in version 1.5 of <CODE>Pcb</CODE> automatically creates clearance -regions around pins and vias that pierce a polygon. This means that they -aren't electrically connected to the polygon unless you add "thermals" -to cross the clearance region. -Thermals can be added and removed by selecting the thermal mode and clicking -<EM><Btn1></EM> on the pin or via. -Remember that this only creates connections to the polygon on the active layer. -The great advantage to this new polygon behavior is that simple or complex ground -and/or power planes can be easily made with polygons and seen on the screen. -If you don't want this auto-clearance behavior, or you load a layout created by -an earlier version of <CODE>Pcb</CODE>, the old behavior -(shorts to all piercing pins and vias) is available. A <SAMP>`ChangeSize'</SAMP> -operation (<EM><Key>s</EM>) toggles a polygon between the new and old polygon/pin -behavior. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX12"></A> -<A NAME="IDX13"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC11" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC11">Text</A></H2> -<P> -Text objects should be used to label a layout or to put additional -information on the board, but not to identify elements because elements -have their own labels. -Text is always horizontal when first created, but the -rotate mode can align it along 0, 90, 180 and 270 degree angles. -Text can be moved from any layer to the silk-screen layer with a -command in the <SAMP>`selection menu'</SAMP>. -Text that is moved to the silk-screen layer will appear on the -solder-side silk-screen if it originating on a solder-side layer. -Otherwise moving it to the silk-screen layer will put it on the -component-side silk-screen. -To move text back to a copper layer from -the silk-screen, use the <SAMP>`MoveToCurrentLayer'</SAMP> (<EM><Key>m</EM>) command. -Text on the far side of the board will automatically appear mirror-imaged. - - -<P> -<B>TEXT OBJECTS ON A COPPER LAYER CREATE COPPER LINES BUT THEY ARE NOT SCANNED FOR -CONNECTIONS OR TESTED FOR CREATING SHORTS VS. THE NETLIST. NEITHER ARE TEXT OBJECTS TESTED AGAINST ANY DESIGN RULES</B>. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX14"></A> - - -<H1><A NAME="SEC12" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC12">Getting Started</A></H1> -<P> -The goal of this chapter is to give you enough information to learn how -<CODE>Pcb</CODE> works and how to develop your layouts to make the best use of <CODE>Pcb</CODE>'s -features. All event translations (<EM>i.e.</EM> the buttons and keys you -press) refer to the default application resource file shipped with <CODE>Pcb</CODE>. -There is probably no need to change them unless your window -manager uses some of the button events itself; however, if you <EM>want</EM> -to customize the behavior of <CODE>Pcb</CODE> then changing the resource file -is usually the best way to do it. - - -<P> -Get yourself a printout of this chapter and <EM>User Commands</EM>, if you -haven't already done so, and follow the examples. -An example layout may be found in <TT>`example/68HC11'</TT>. -An example illustrating some version 1.5 features is found in -<TT>`example/LED'</TT> along with its corresponding netlist file <TT>`example/LED.NET'</TT>. - - -<P> -Start <CODE>Pcb</CODE> (the actual command will use all lower-case letters) -without any additional options. -If you get the error message: - - - -<PRE> - can't find default font-symbol-file 'default_font' -</PRE> - -<P> -then the font searchpath or filename in the application resource -file is wrong. Be sure that your <CODE>m4</CODE> program supports searchpaths. -If not, get <CODE>GNU m4</CODE>. -For other messages, see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC56">Troubleshooting</A>. -Another quick-start is provided by <CODE>pcbtest.sh</CODE> in the <TT>`src'</TT> -directory. - - - -<UL> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC13">Application Window</A>: The elements of the main window. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC19">Log Window</A>: The optional logging window -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC20">Library Window</A>: The circuit selection window -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC21">Drawing and Removing</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC29">Moving and Copying</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC30">Loading and Saving</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC31">Printing</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC32">Connection Lists</A>: How to get a list of all or some connections. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC33">Selection</A>: Commands which handle more than one object. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC34">Rats Nest</A>: Helps you place and route tracks against a netlist. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC35">Design Rule Checking</A> -</UL> - - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC13" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC13">The Application Window</A></H2> -<P> -The main window consists of five areas: -the menu at the top, the control panel in the upper left corner, the mode buttons -located below the control panel, the drawing area to the right of these, and the -status line at the bottom of the window. - - - -<UL> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC14">Status-line and Input-field</A>: What is the program configuration. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC15">Control Panel</A>: Switch layers on/off; change current one. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC16">Mode Selectors</A>: Select an operation mode. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC17">Drawing Area</A>: Where the layout is drawn. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC18">Menu</A> -</UL> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX15"></A> -<A NAME="IDX16"></A> -<A NAME="IDX17"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC14" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC14">The Status-line and Input-field</A></H3> -<P> -The status-line is located at the bottom edge of the main window. -During normal operation the status information is visible there. -When a selected menu operation requires an additional button click, the -status-line is replaced by a message telling you to position the cursor -and click. -When a text input is required, the status-line is replaced by the -Input-field which has a prompt for the typed input. - - -<P> -The status-line shows, from left to right, the side of the board that you -are viewing (<EM><Key>Tab</EM> changes this), if an absolute -(abs) or relative (rel) grid is used, if new lines are restricted to 45 degrees, -which type of 45 degree line mode is active, whether rubberband move and -rotate mode is on (R), the current grid values, and the zoom factor. -This information is followed by the line-width, via-size -and drilling hole in mil, text scaling, the active buffer number and the -name of the layout. An asterisk appearing at the left edge indicates the -layout has been modified since the last save. -Note that the name of the layout is not the same -thing as the filename of the layout. - - -<P> -The input-field pops up (temporarily replacing the status-line) whenever user input -is required. Two keys are bound to the input field: <EM><Key>Escape</EM> -aborts the input, <EM><Key>Return</EM> finishes it. - - -<P> -The present cursor position is displayed in the upper right corner of the window. -Normally this position is an absolute coordinate, but with -version 1.5 of <CODE>Pcb</CODE> you can anchor a marker at -the current cursor location by pressing <EM>Ctrl<Key>m</EM> then the -display will read both the absolute cursor position as well as the difference -between it and the marker. Pressing <EM>Ctrl<Key>m</EM> again turns the marker off. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX18"></A> -<A NAME="IDX19"></A> -<A NAME="IDX20"></A> -<A NAME="IDX21"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC15" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC15">The Control Panel</A></H3> -<P> -The control panel, located at the left side of the window, is used to turn on -and off the display of layer groups and to select the active drawing layer. -If a layer hasn't been named, the label "<EM>(unknown)</EM>" is used as the defualt. - - -<P> -The upper control box is used to switch layers on and off. Click -<EM><Btn1Down></EM> on one or more of them. Each click toggles the setting. -The currently active layer can't be switched off. -The layout is refreshed when the pointer reenters the drawing area. This -prevents excessive redrawing when the visibility of several layers is changed. -When the layers are grouped, clicking on these fields will toggle -the visibility of all layers in the same group. This is a good idea because -layers in the same group reside on the same physical layer of -the actual board. -Use the <SAMP>`Edit layer groups'</SAMP> option in the <SAMP>`Objects'</SAMP> menu to -change the layer groupings. -Grouping layers is only useful for helping you to color-code -signals in your layout. Note that grouping layers actually reduces the number -of different physical layers available for your board, thus to make an eight -layer board, you cannot group any layers. - - -<P> -<EM>far side</EM> turns on and off the visibility of elements -(including SMD pads) on the opposite -board side, as well as silk screening on that side. It does not automatically -hide the x-ray view of the other copper layers, these must be turned off -separately if desired. Use the <EM>tab</EM> key to view the entire board from the other -side. To see a view of what the back side of the board will actually look like, -make the solder layer the active layer then press <EM>tab</EM> until the status -line says "solder" on the right, then turn off the visibility of all other layers -except pins/pads, vias, and silk. - - -<P> -The lower control menu, named <EM>active</EM>, is used to change the active -drawing layer. <EM><Btn1Down></EM> pops up a menu to select a one. -Each entry is labeled with the layer's name and drawn in its color. -The new drawing layer is automatically made visible. -Try changing the active layer's name to <EM>ABC</EM> by selecting -<SAMP>`set name of layer'</SAMP> from the <SAMP>`File'</SAMP> menu. -Changing the active layer also is available with <EM><Key>1..8</EM>. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX22"></A> -<A NAME="IDX23"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC16" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC16">The Mode Selectors</A></H3> -<P> -The mode selector buttons reside below the control panel. -They are used to select the operation mode of <CODE>Pcb</CODE>. A mode can be -thought of as a tool that gets used when <EM><Btn1></EM> is pressed. -Each mode causes the cursor to take on a unique shape that identifies the tool. -The buttons themselves are icons that illustrate their function. -The drawing modes can also be selected from the keyboard: - -<PRE> - <EM><Key>Escape</EM> reset mode - <EM><Key>F1</EM> via-mode - <EM><Key>F2</EM> line-mode - <EM><Key>F3</EM> pastebuffer-mode - <EM><Key>F4</EM> rectangle-mode - <EM><Key>F5</EM> text-mode - <EM><Key>F6</EM> polygon-mode - <EM><Key>Insert</EM> insert-point-mode - <EM><Key>F7</EM> thermal-mode - <EM><Key>F8</EM> arc-mode -</PRE> - -<P> -The <EM><Key>Space</EM> cycles through all of the modes in the -mode button palette. - - -<P> -Reset-mode is really no mode, and <EM><Btn1></EM> has no effect with -this setting. -Some of the modes are very simple, such as the via-mode. Clicking -<EM><Btn1></EM> while in this mode creates a via at the cross-hair position. -The pastebuffer-mode is similar. With this mode, <EM><Btn1></EM> copies -the contents of the active buffer to the layout, but only -those parts that reside on visible layers are copied. -The rotate-mode allows you to rotate elements and text objects -90 degrees counter-clockwise with each click. -The line-mode is explained in detail in section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC8">Lines</A>. -The arc-mode is explained in detainl in section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC9">Arcs</A>. -Rectangle-mode, polygon-mode and thermal-mode are explained in detail in -section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC10">Polygons</A>. -Remember that the thermal-mode will only create and destroy thermals -to polygons on the active layer. - - -<P> -The insert-point-mode is an editing tool that allows you to add -points into lines or polygons. With version 1.5 of <CODE>Pcb</CODE>, the -insert-point-mode enforces the 45 degree line -rule. You can force only the shorter line segment to 45 -degrees by holding the shift key down while inserting the point. -The delete-mode deletes the smallest object beneath the cursor with each -<EM><Btn1></EM> click. -If you use click at an end-point -that two lines have in common, it will replace the two lines with a single line -spanning the two remaining points. This can be used to delete an "inserted" -point in a line, restoring the previous line. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX24"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC17" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC17">Drawing Area</A></H3> -<P> -The drawing area is made from a viewport widget that also includes two -scrollbars. The cursor changes shape depending -on the current operation mode when the pointer is moved into the drawing area. -A crosshair follows the X11 pointer with respect to the grid setting. -Move around and watch the cursor position displayed in the upper right of -the window. -Now select a new grid from the <EM>Display</EM> menu. -The new value is updated in the statusline. -Now move again and watch the difference. A different way to change the grid is -<EM>Shift<Key>g</EM> to decrease or <EM><Key>g</EM> to increase -it. The grid setting is saved along with the data when you save a pcb layout. -For homemade layouts a value around 50 is a good setting. -The cursor also may be moved with the cursor keys or, for larger -distances, by pressing the <EM>shift</EM> modifier together with a cursor key. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX25"></A> -<A NAME="IDX26"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC18" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC18">Menu</A></H3> -<P> -The menus are located at the top of the drawing area. Most, but not all, -of their functions are also available from the keyboard. -Some of the entries such as <EM>center</EM> require a certain cursor position. -In this case a statusline will popup at the bottom with wording similar to -the following: - -<PRE> - move pointer to the appropriate screen position and press a button -</PRE> - -<P> -Any mouse button will do the job, whereas any key except the cursor keys -will cancel the operation. For details see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC42">Actions</A>. - - -<DL COMPACT> - -<DT><SAMP>`About'</SAMP> -<DD> -<A NAME="IDX27"></A> - -There is no menu hiding behind this button, but a small information box will -pop up. - -<A NAME="IDX28"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`File'</SAMP> -<DD> -This menu offers a choice of loading, saving and printing data, saving -connection information to a file or quitting the application. -You also may change the layout's or the active layer's name. Selecting -<EM>print layout</EM> pops up a printer control dialog which is, hopefully, -self explaining. This box contains a panner widget (only <CODE>X11R5</CODE> and later) -which simplifies adjusting the offsets. With earlier releases the printout -will always appear in the upper left corner with respect to the media margins. - -A selection of several device drivers is available from the printer control -dialog. Presently <EM>PostScript</EM>, <EM>encapsulated PostScript</EM>, -and <EM>GerberX</EM> are supported. <EM>GerberD</EM> support may be forthcoming. -It requires a rastering engine that pcb presently lacks. - -<A NAME="IDX29"></A> -<A NAME="IDX30"></A> -<A NAME="IDX31"></A> -<A NAME="IDX32"></A> -<A NAME="IDX33"></A> -<A NAME="IDX34"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Display'</SAMP> -<DD> -The display menu supports the most needed functions related to -screen output. The entries are used to change the grid to some popular -values, the zoom factor, the displayed element name and also are used -to center or refresh the output. -You also may switch grid-displaying on or off and select between -absolute grid (origin at (0,0)) or relative grid (origin at the position where -the grid has been changed). The relative grid position is now -established at the actual pointer position, NOT necessarily the same -as the crosshair position. This allows you to shift the grid without -changing the grid spacing. I recommend that you zoom in as close as -possible before setting a relative grid so that you're sure the grid -lines fall where you want. -The clipping to 45-degree lines is selected in this menu, as well as -enabling rubberband mode (see description of <EM>Mode</EM>). - -<A NAME="IDX35"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Sizes'</SAMP> -<DD> -This menu allows you to select a group of line thickness, via diameter and via drill -size (collectively called a "routing style") to be coppied to the "active" sizes. -You can also change the names given to these styles and adjust their values from -this menu. You can also edit the "active" sizes (the initial size of new vias, -drilling holes, lines, text-objects and the current maximum size of the layout) -from this menu. - -<A NAME="IDX36"></A> -<A NAME="IDX37"></A> -<A NAME="IDX38"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Objects'</SAMP> -<DD> -Displaying the pinout of an element and changing its names, the one -that is currently selected by the <EM>Display</EM> menu, as well as -editing a text object is offered by this menu. The latter two selections -require an additional pointer button click at the object's position. -A dialog for changing the layer groupings is also reached from this -menu. - -<A NAME="IDX39"></A> -<A NAME="IDX40"></A> -<A NAME="IDX41"></A> -<A NAME="IDX42"></A> -<A NAME="IDX43"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Selection'</SAMP> -<DD> -This menu covers most of the operations that work with selected objects. -You may either (un)select all visible objects of a layout or only the ones -which have been found by the last connection scan. The mouse can also -be used to change which things are and are not selected: -toggle the selection of a single object by pressing -<EM><Btn3Down></EM> and releasing without moving the mouse. -Pressing <EM>Mod1<Btn3Down></EM>, moving and -releasing the button selects all visible objects inside the -rectangle. Pressing the modifier key <EM>Shift</EM> too, unselects all -objects in the area. You can delete all selected objects from this -menu, and also move selected text objects to the silk-screen layer. -The other entries change the sizes of visible and selected objects. - -<A NAME="IDX44"></A> -<A NAME="IDX45"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Buffer'</SAMP> -<DD> -This menu handles pastebuffer related actions. You may select one out of five -(per viewing side) buffers to use, rotate or clear its contents and paste -it to the layout. You can also gather objects in the buffer into an element definition -from this menu. -Note: only visible objects are pasted to the layout. - -<A NAME="IDX46"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Connections'</SAMP> -<DD> -The entries available through the connections menu button allow the user to find -connections from pins or vias and to manipulate these. -The connection lists may be saved by selecting entries from the -<EM>File</EM> menu. In many cases it is desireable to use the ratsnest -function to check connections against a netlist file instead of using the -connections menu to generate text connection lists. - -<A NAME="IDX47"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Undo'</SAMP> -<DD> -This menu is a frontend for managing the reversing of operations -such as remove, copy, move, name changes, etc. The number of -operations is unlimited (depending on memory). The list is cleared if -new layout data is loaded or by selecting the appropriate entry from -this menu. The inverse operation, redo, is also available. - -<A NAME="IDX48"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Report'</SAMP> -<DD> -This menu allows you to generate a dialog that summerizes information -about an object such as sizes and coordinates. You can also get a report -about all of the drills that are used on the board. - -</DL> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX49"></A> -<A NAME="IDX50"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC19" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC19">Log Window</A></H2> -<P> -This optional window is used to display all kind of messages including -the ones written to <EM>stderr</EM> by external commands. The main advantage is -that its contents are saved in a scrolling list until the -program exits. Disabling this feature by setting the resource -<EM>useLogWindow</EM> to <EM>false</EM> will generate popup windows to display -messages. The <EM>stderr</EM> of external commands will appear on <CODE>Pcb</CODE>s -<EM>stderr</EM> which normally is the parent shell. I suggest you iconify -the window after startup for example by setting <EM>*log.iconic</EM> to -<EM>true</EM>. If <EM>raiseLogWindow</EM> is set <EM>true</EM>, -the window will deiconify and raise itself whenever new messages are to be -displayed. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX51"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC20" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC20">Library Window</A></H2> -<P> -First appearing in 1.4.1 the library window is one of the best new features -in my opinion. It simplifies loading circuits quiet a lot just by selecting -the appropriate type from the menu at the top. A circuit is then selected -by simply double-clicking on the text line. For details on libraries -check-out section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC50">Library File Format</A> and section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC49">Library Contents File Format</A>. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX52"></A> -<A NAME="IDX53"></A> -<A NAME="IDX54"></A> -<A NAME="IDX55"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC21" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC21">Drawing and Removing Basic Objects</A></H2> -<P> -There are several ways of creating new objects: you may draw them yourself, -you may copy an existing object or you may load an element from a file or -library. Creating new objects is normally related to a special -mode depending on the object type. -The notation of key and button events is the same as described in the -X11 Intrinsics manual. - - -<P> -The operation mode may be selected by one of the mode selectors in the bottom -left corner, by one of the function keys listed earlier in this chapter, -or by pressing the space bar to cycle through the modes. -<EM><Btn1Down></EM> sends a notify request to the application which -responds by creating or changing the appropriate object or at least takes -the first step to do so. Switching to a mode causes the cursor to take -on a unique shape and also causes the cooresponding -mode selector button to be drawn with thick lines. You can use either cue -to see which mode is currently selected. - - -<P> -Removing objects is possible using <EM><Key>BackSpace</EM> (or <EM><Key>Delete</EM> -on some machines) -which deletes the object at the cursor location. If more than one object -is located at the same position, the smallest matching type will be chosen. -If two or more of the same type are the smallest at the position, then the -newest one will be deleted. -You also may change to <EM>remove-mode</EM> and click <EM><Btn1Down></EM> -at the location of the objects which are to be removed. If you "remove" -the end-point where two lines connect, it will remove the point of -connection leaving a single line that spans the far end points. - - -<P> -Rotating works in a similar fashion. Change the mode and press -<EM><Btn1Down></EM> at the object's location. Remember only text, -elements and arcs can be rotated. (Anything including groups of objects -may be rotated inside a buffer using the rotate buffer menu option.) - - -<P> -Insert mode provides the capability of inserting new points into existing -polygons or lines. The 45 degree line clipping is now enforced when selected. -Press and hold the shift key while positioning the new point to only clip -the line segment to the nearer of the two existing points to 45 degrees. -You can also toggle the 45-degree clipping in the middle of a point -insertion by pressing the <EM><Key>.</EM> -If the shift key is not depressed and the 45 degree line clipping mode -is on, both new line segments must be on 45 degree angles - greatly -restricting where the new point may be placed. In some cases this can cause -confusion as to whether an insertion has been started since the two new -lines may be forced to lie parallel on top of the original line until the -pointer is moved far from the end points. - - -<P> -Removing objects, changing their size or moving them only applies to objects -that are visible when the command is executed. - - - -<UL> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC22">Lines</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC23">Arcs</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC24">Polygons</A>: Drawing polygons and rectangles. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC25">Text</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC26">Vias</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC27">Elements</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC28">Pastebuffer</A>: A multi-purpose buffer. -</UL> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX56"></A> -<A NAME="IDX57"></A> -<A NAME="IDX58"></A> -<A NAME="IDX59"></A> -<A NAME="IDX60"></A> -<A NAME="IDX61"></A> -There are several keystrokes and button events refering to an <EM>object</EM> -without identifying its type. Here's a list of them: - - -<P> -<EM><Btn1Down></EM> creates (or deletes) an object depending on the -current mode. - - -<P> -<EM><Key>BackSpace</EM> or <EM><Key>Delete</EM> removes the visible -object at the cursor location. When more than one object exists at the -location, the order of removal is: via, line, text, polygon and -element. The drawn layer order also affects the search - whatever is -top - most (except elements) is affected before lower items. Basically -all this means that what is removed is probably just what you expect. -If for some reason it isn't, undo and try again. -Only one object is removed for each keystroke. If two or more -of the same type match, the newest one is removed. - - -<P> -Use <EM><Key>s</EM> and <EM>Shift<Key>s</EM> to change the size (width) -of lines, arcs, text objects, pins, pads and vias, or to toggle the style -of polygons (whether pins and vias automatically have clearances). - - -<P> -<EM><Key>n</EM> changes the name of pins, pads, vias, the -string of a text object, or the currently displayed label of an element. - - -<P> -<EM><Key>m</EM> moves the line, arc, or polygon under the crosshair to the -active layer if it wasn't on that layer already. - - -<P> -<EM><Key>u</EM> (undo) recovers from an unlimited number of operations -such as creating, removing, moving, copying, selecting etc. It works like -you'd expect even if you're in the midst of creating something. - - -<P> -<EM>Shift<Key>r</EM> restores the last undone operation provided no other -changes have been made since the undo was performed. - - -<P> -<EM><Key>tab</EM> changes the board side you are viewing. - - -<P> -For a complete list of keystrokes and button events see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC43">Default Translations</A>. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX62"></A> -<A NAME="IDX63"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC22" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC22">Lines</A></H3> -<P> -To draw new lines you have to be in <EM>line-mode</EM>. Get there either by -selecting it from the <EM>Tool palette</EM> or by pressing <EM><Key>F2</EM>. -Each successive <EM>notify</EM> event creates a new line. The -adjustment to 45 degree lines is done automatically if it is selected from the -<EM>Display</EM> menu. You can toggle the 45 degree mode setting by -pressing the <EM><Key>.</EM> (That is the period key). When 45 degree enforcement -is turned on there are three distinct modes of line creation: a single -line on the closest 45 degree vector towards the crosshair (but not necessarily -actually ending at the crosshair), two lines created such that the first leaves -the start point on a 90 degree vector and the second arrives at the crosshair -on a 45 degree vector, and finally two lines created such that the first leaves -the start point on a 45 degree vector and the second arrives at the crosshair -on a 90 degree vector. These last two modes always connect all the way from -the start and end points, and all lines have angles in 45 degree multiples. -The <EM><Key>/</EM> cycles through the three modes. The status line shows a -text icon to indicate which of the modes is active and the lines following -the crosshair motion show the outline of the line(s) that will actually be created. -Press <EM><Key>Escape</EM> to leave line-mode. - - -<P> -<EM><Key>l</EM>, <EM>Shift<Key>l</EM> and the entries in the -<EM>Sizes</EM> menu change the initial width of new lines. This width is also -displayed in the status line. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX64"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC23" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC23">Arcs</A></H3> -<P> -An Arc is drawn with the <EM>arc-tool</EM>. Get there either by selecting it -from the <EM>Tool palette</EM> or by pressing <EM><Key>F8</EM>. Press <EM>Btn1</EM> to -define the starting point for the arc. Drag the mouse towards the desired -end point along the path you want the arc to follow. The outline of the arc that -will be created is shown on the screen as you move the mouse. Arcs are always -forced to be 90 degrees and have symmetrical length and width ( i.e. they are -a quarter circle). The next <EM>Btn1</EM> click creates the arc. It will have -the same width as new lines (displayed in the status line) and appear on the -active layer. The arc leaves the starting point towards the crosshair along -the axis whose distance from the crosshair is largest. Normally this means that -if you drag along the path you want the arc to follow, you'll get what you -want. If the grid is set to the arc radius, then the two distances will be -equal and you won't be able to get all of the possible directions. If this -is thwarting your desires, reduce the grid spacing (<EM>!Shift<Key>G</EM>) and -try again. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX65"></A> -<A NAME="IDX66"></A> -<A NAME="IDX67"></A> -<A NAME="IDX68"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC24" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC24">Polygons and Rectangles</A></H3> -<P> -A polygon is drawn by defining all of its segments as a series of -consecutive line segments. If the first point matches a new one and if -the number of points is greater than two, then the polygon is closed. -Since matching up with the first point may be difficult, you may use -<EM>Shift<Key>p</EM> to close the polygon. The <EM>Shift<Key>p</EM> won't -work if clipping to 45 degree lines is selected -and the final segment cannot match this condition. -I suggest you create simple convex polygons in order to avoid a strong -negative impact on the performance of the connection scanning routines. -The <EM>rectangle-mode</EM> is just an easy way to generate rectangular polygons. -<EM>Polygon-mode</EM> also is selected by <EM><Key>F6</EM> whereas -<EM>rectangle-mode</EM> uses <EM><Key>F4</EM>. -Pressing a <EM><Btn1Down></EM> at two locations creates a rectangle by -defining two of its corners. -<EM><Key>Insert</EM> brings you to <EM>insert-point-mode</EM> which lets you -add additional points to an already existing polygon. -Single points may be removed by moving the crosshair to them and selecting -one of the delete actions <EM>(remove-mode, BackSpace, or Delete</EM>. This only works -if the remaining polygon will still have three or more corners. -Pressing <EM><Key>u</EM> or <EM><Key>p</EM> while entering a new polygon -brings you back to the previous corner. Removing a point does not -force clipping to 45 degree angles (because it's not generally possible). -Newly created polygons will not connect to pins or vias -that pierce it unless you create a thermal (using the thermal mode) to make -the connection. If the edge of a polygon gets too close to a pin or via that -lies outside of it, a warning will be issued and the pin will be given a -special color. Increasing the distance between them will remove the warning -color. - - - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC25" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC25">Text</A></H3> -<P> -<A NAME="IDX69"></A> -<A NAME="IDX70"></A> -<A NAME="IDX71"></A> -Pressing <EM><Key>F5</EM> or clicking one of the text selector buttons -changes to <EM>text-mode</EM>. -Each successive notify event (<EM><Btn1Down></EM>) -pops up the input line at the bottom and queries for a string. -Enter it and press <EM><Key>Return</EM> to confirm or -<EM><Key>Escape</EM> to abort. -The text object is created with its upper left corner at the current pointer -location. -The initial scaling is changed by <EM><Key>t</EM> and -<EM>Shift<Key>t</EM> or from the <EM>Sizes</EM> menu. - - -<P> -Now switch to <EM>rotate-mode</EM> and press -<EM><Btn1Down></EM> at the text-objects location. Text objects -on the solder side of the layout are automatically mirrored and -flipped so that they are seen correctly when viewing the solder-side. - - -<P> -Use <EM><Key>n</EM> to edit the string. - - -<P> -<B>TEXT OBJECTS ON COPPER LAYERS CREATE COPPER LINES BUT THEY ARE NOT SCANNED FOR -CONNECTIONS</B>. If they are moved to the silkscreen layer, they -no longer create copper. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX72"></A> -<A NAME="IDX73"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC26" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC26">Vias</A></H3> -<P> -The initial size of new vias may be changed by <EM><Key>v</EM> and -<EM>Shift<Key>v</EM> or by selecting the appropriate entry from the -<EM>Sizes</EM> menu. <EM>Mod1<Key>v</EM> and <EM>Mod1 Shift<Key>v</EM> do -the same for the drilling hole of the via. -The statusline is updated with the new values. -Creating a via is similar to the other objects. Switch to <EM>via-mode</EM> -by using either the selector button or <EM><Key>F1</EM> then press -<EM><Key>]</EM> or <EM><Btn1Down></EM> to create one. -<EM><Key>n</EM> changes the name of a via. If you want to create a mounting -hole for your board, then you can place a via where you want the hole to -be then convert the via into a hole. The conversion is done by pressing -<EM>!Ctrl<Key>h</EM> with the crosshair over the via. Conceptually it is -still a via, but it has no copper annulus. If you create such a hole in -the middle of two polygons on different layers, it will short the layers. -Theoretically you could arrange for such a hole not to be plated, but a -metal screw inserted in the hole would still risk shorting the layers. -A good rule is to realize that holes in the board really are vias between -the layers and so place them where they won't interfere with connectivity. -You can convert a hole back into a normal via with the same keystroke used -to convery it in the first place. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX74"></A> -<A NAME="IDX75"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC27" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC27">Elements</A></H3> -<P> -Some of the functions related to elements only work if both the package -layer and the pin layer are switched on. - - -<P> -Now that you're familiar with many of the basic commands, it is -time to put the first element on the layout. -First of all, you have to load data into the paste buffer. -There are four ways to do this: - -<PRE> - 1) load the data from a library - 2) load the data from a file - 3) copy data from an already existing element - 4) convert objects in the buffer into an element -</PRE> - -<P> -We don't have any elements on the screen yet nor anything in the -buffer, so we use number one. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX76"></A> -<A NAME="IDX77"></A> -Select <EM>lsi</EM> from the menu in the library window press -<EM><Btn1Down></EM> twice at the appropriate text-line to get -the MC68030 CPU. -The data is loaded and the mode is switched to <EM>pastebuffer-mode</EM>. -Each notify event now creates one of these beasts. Leave the mode -by selecting a different one or by <EM><Key>Escape</EM> which resets -all modes.. -The crosshair is located at the <EM>mark</EM> position as defined by -the data file. Rotating the buffer contents is done by selecting -the <EM>rotate</EM> entry of the <EM>Buffer</EM> menu or by pressing -<EM>Shift<Key>F3</EM>. The contents of the buffer -are valid until new data is loaded into it either by a cut-to-buffer -operation, copy-to-buffer operation or by loading a new data file. -There are 5 buffers -available. Switching between them is done by selecting a menu entry or -by <EM>Shift<Key>1..5</EM>. -Each of the two board sides has its own buffers. - - -<P> -The release includes all data files for the circuits that are used -by the demo layout. The elements in the LED example are not found in the library, -but you can lift them from the example itself if you want. -If you have problems with the color of the crosshair, change the resource -<EM>crosshairColor</EM> setting to a different one. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX78"></A> -<A NAME="IDX79"></A> -<A NAME="IDX80"></A> -Now load a second circuit, the MC68882 FPU for example. -Create the circuit as explained above. You now have two different unnamed -elements. Unnamed means that the layout-name of the element -hasn't been set yet. Selecting <EM>description</EM> from the <EM>Display</EM> -menu displays the description string of the two circuits which -are CPU and FPU. The values of the circuits are set to MC68030 and MC68882. -Each of the names of an element may be changed -by <EM><Key>n</EM> at the elements location and editing the old name in -the bottom input line. Naming pins and vias is similar to elements. -You can hide the element name so that it won't appear on the board -silkscreen by pressing <EM><key>h</EM> with the cursor over the element. -Doing so again un-hides the element name. - - -<P> -Entering <KBD>:le</KBD> and selecting an element data file is -the second way to load circuits. - - -<P> -The third way to create a new element is to copy an existing one. -Please refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC29">Moving and Copying</A>. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX81"></A> -<A NAME="IDX82"></A> -<A NAME="IDX83"></A> -<A NAME="IDX84"></A> -The fourth way to create a new element is to convert a buffer's contents -into an element. Here's how it's done: Select the Via-tool from the -<EM>Tool pallette</EM>. Set the grid spacing to something appropriate for -the element pin spacing. Now create a series of vias where the pins -go. Create them in pin number order. It is often handy to place a reference -point (<EM>!Ctrl<Key>m</EM>) in the center of the first pin in order to measure -the location of the other pins. Next make a solder-side layer the active -layer from the <EM>active-layer</EM> popup menu. Now draw the outline of -the element using lines and arcs. When you're done, select everything that -makes up the element with a box selection (<EM><Btn3Down> drag, -<Btn3Up></EM>). Now select "cut selection to buffer" from the <EM>Buffer</EM> -menu. Position the cursor over the center of pin 1 and press the left -button to load the data into the buffer. -Finally select "convert buffer to element" from the <EM>Buffer</EM> menu. -You'll only want to create elements this way if they aren't already in the -library. It's also probably a good idea to do this before starting any of -the other aspects of a layout, but it isn't necessary. - - -<P> -To display the pinout of a circuit move to it and press <EM>Shift<Key>d</EM> -or select <EM>show pinout</EM> from the <EM>Objects</EM> menu. A new window -pops up and displays the complete pinout of the element. This display can -be difficult to read if the component has been rotated 90 degrees :-( -therefore, the new window will show an un-rotated view so the pin names -are readable. -<EM><Key>d</EM> displays the name of one or all pins/pads inside the -drawing area, this is only for display on-screen, it has no effect on any -printing of the layout. - - -<P> -You also may want to change a pin's or pad's current size by pressing -<EM><Key>s</EM> to increase or <EM>Shift<Key>s</EM> to decrease it. While -this is possible, it is not recommended since care was probably taken -to define the element structure in the first place. You can also change the thickness -of the element's silkscreen outline with the same keys. You can -change whether a pin or SMD pad is rounded or square with the <EM><Key>q</EM>. -SMD pads should usually have squared ends. Finally, you can change whether -the non-square pins are round or octagonal with the <EM>!Ctrl<Key>o</EM>. - - -<P> -SMD elements and silkscreen objects are drawn in the "invisible object" -color if they are located on the opposite side of the board. - - -<P> -For information on element connections refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC32">Connection Lists</A>. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX85"></A> -<A NAME="IDX86"></A> -<A NAME="IDX87"></A> -<A NAME="IDX88"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC28" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC28">Pastebuffer</A></H3> -<P> -The linestack and element-buffer of former releases have been replaced -by 5 multi-purpose buffers that are selected by -<EM>Shift<Key>1..5</EM>. The status line shows which buffer is -the active one. -You may load data from a file or layout into them. -Cut-and-paste works too. -If you followed the instructions earlier in this chapter you should -now have several objects on the screen. Move the crosshair to one of them -and press <EM><Btn3Down></EM> to toggle its selection flag. (If you drag the -mouse while the button is down, a box selection will be attempted instead -of toggling the selection.) The object -is redrawn in a different color. You also may want to try -moving the pointer while holding the third button down and -release it on a different location. This selects all objects inside the -rectangle and unselects everything else. If you want to add a box selection -to an existing selection, drag with <EM>Mod1<Btn3Down></EM> instead. -Dragging <EM>Shift Mod1<Btn3Down></EM> unselects objects in a box. -Now change to <EM>pastebuffer-mode</EM> and select some operations from the -<EM>Buffer</EM> menu. Copying objects to the buffer is available as -<EM>Mod1<Key>c</EM> while cutting them uses <EM>Mod1<Key>x</EM> as -shortcut. Both clear the buffer before new data is added. -If you use the menu entries, you have to supply a crosshair position by -pressing a mouse button. The objects are attached to the pastebuffer -relative to that crosshair location. -Element data or PCB data may be merged into an existing layout by loading -the datafiles into the pastebuffer. Both operations are available from -the <EM>File</EM> menu or as user commands. - - - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC29" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC29">Moving and Copying</A></H2> -<P> -<A NAME="IDX89"></A> -<A NAME="IDX90"></A> -<A NAME="IDX91"></A> -<A NAME="IDX92"></A> -All objects can be moved including element-names, by -<EM><Btn2Down></EM>, draging the pointer while holding the button down -and releasing it at the new location of the object. If you use -<EM>Mod1<Btn2Down></EM> instead, the object is copied. Copying does not work for -element-names of course. You can move all selected objects with -<EM>Shift <Btn1Down></EM>. This uses the Pastebuffer, so -it will remove whatever was previously in the Pastebuffer. -Please refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC28">Pastebuffer</A>. -If you want to give a small nudge to an object, but you don't think -that the mouse will give you the fine level of control that you want, -you can position the cursor over the object, press <EM><Key>[</EM>, -move it with the arrow keys, then press <EM><Key>]</EM> when it's at the -desired position. Remember that all movements are forced onto grid coordinates, so -you may want to change the grid spacing first. - - - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC30" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC30">Loading and Saving</A></H2> -<P> -<A NAME="IDX93"></A> -<A NAME="IDX94"></A> -<A NAME="IDX95"></A> -<A NAME="IDX96"></A> -After your first experience with <CODE>Pcb</CODE> you will probably want to save -your work. <KBD>:s name</KBD> passes the data to an external program which -is responsible for saving it. For details see <EM>saveCommand</EM> in -section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A>. -Saving also is available from the <EM>File</EM> menu, either with or -without supplying a filename. <CODE>Pcb</CODE> reuses the last -filename if you do not pass a new one to the save routine. - - -<P> -To load an existing layout either select <EM>load layout data</EM> from the -<EM>File</EM> menu or use <KBD>:l filename</KBD>. A file select box pops up if you -don't specify a filename. Merging existing layouts into the new one is -supported either by the <EM>File</EM> menu or by <KBD>:m filename</KBD>. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX97"></A> -<A NAME="IDX98"></A> -<A NAME="IDX99"></A> -<A NAME="IDX100"></A> -<A NAME="IDX101"></A> -<A NAME="IDX102"></A> -<CODE>Pcb</CODE> saves a backup of the current layout depending on the resource -<EM>backup</EM>. The file is named <TT>`/tmp/PCB.%i.backup'</TT>. During critical -sections of the program or when data would be lost it is saved as -<TT>`/tmp/PCB.%i.save'</TT>. -<EM>%i</EM> is replaced by the process ID. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX103"></A> -<A NAME="IDX104"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC31" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC31">Printing</A></H2> -<P> -<CODE>Pcb</CODE> now has support for device drivers, -<CODE>PostScript</CODE>, <EM>encapsulated PostScript</EM>, -and <EM>Gerber X</EM> drivers are -available so far. The <EM>Gerber X</EM> -driver generates a NC drill file for automated drilling. - I recommend the use of <CODE>GhostScript</CODE> if you -don't have a <CODE>PostScript</CODE> printer for handling the PostScript -output. Printing always generates -a complete set of files for a specified driver. -See the page about -the <EM>Print()</EM> action for addtional information about the filenames. -The control panel offers a number of options. Most of them are not avilable -for Gerber output because it wouldn't make sense, for example, to scale the gerber output -(you'd get an incorrectly made board!) The options are: - - -<DL COMPACT> - -<DT><SAMP>`device'</SAMP> -<DD> -<A NAME="IDX105"></A> - <A NAME="IDX106"></A> - -The top menu button selects from the available device drivers. - -<A NAME="IDX107"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`rotate'</SAMP> -<DD> -Rotate layout 90 degrees counter-clockwise before printing (default). - -<A NAME="IDX108"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`mirror'</SAMP> -<DD> -Mirror layout before printing. Use this option depending -on your production line. - -<A NAME="IDX109"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`color'</SAMP> -<DD> -Created colored output. All colors will be converted to black if this option -is inactive. - -<A NAME="IDX110"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`outline'</SAMP> -<DD> -Add a board outline to the output file. The size is determined by the -maximum boardsize changeable from the <EM>sizes</EM> menu. The outline appears -on the top and bottom sides of the board, but not on the internal layers. -An outline can be useful for determining where to shear the board from the -panel, but be aware that it creates a copper line. Thus it has the potential -to cause short circuits if you don't leave enough room from your wiring -to the board edge. Use a viewer to see what the output outline looks like -if you want to know what it looks like. - -<A NAME="IDX111"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`alignment'</SAMP> -<DD> -Additional alignement targets are added to the output. The distances between -the board outline is set by the resource <EM>alignmentDistance</EM>. Alignment -targets should only be used if you know for certain that YOU WILL BE USING -THEM YOURSELF. It is extremely unlikely that you will want to have alignment -targets if you send gerber files to a commercial pcb manufacture to be made. - -<A NAME="IDX112"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`scaling'</SAMP> -<DD> -It's quite useful to enlarge your printout for checking the layout. -Use the scrollbar to adjust the scaling factor to your needs. - -<A NAME="IDX113"></A> -<A NAME="IDX114"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`media'</SAMP> -<DD> -Select the size of the output media from this menu. The user defined size -may be set by the resource <EM>media</EM> either from one of the well known -paper sizes or by a <CODE>X11</CODE> geometry specification. -This entry is only available if you use <CODE>X11R5</CODE> or later. -For earlier releases the user defined size or, if not available, <EM>A4</EM> -is used. -Well known size are: - -<PRE> - A3 - A4 - A5 - letter - tabloid - ledger - legal - executive -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX115"></A> -<A NAME="IDX116"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`offset'</SAMP> -<DD> -Adjust the offsets of the printout by using the panner at the right side -of the dialog box. -This entry is only available if you use <CODE>X11R5</CODE> or later. A zero -offset is used for earlier releases. - -<A NAME="IDX117"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`8.3 filenames'</SAMP> -<DD> -Select this button to generate DOS compatible filenames for the output files. -The <EM>command</EM> input area will disappear if selected. - -<A NAME="IDX118"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`commandline'</SAMP> -<DD> -Use this line to enter a command (starts with <KBD>|</KBD>) or a filename. -A %f is replaced by the current filename. -The default is set by the resource <EM>printCommand</EM>. - -</DL> - -<P> -The created file includes some labels which are guaranteed to stay unchanged -<DL COMPACT> - -<DT><SAMP>`PCBMIN'</SAMP> -<DD> -identifies the lowest x and y coordinates in mil. - -<DT><SAMP>`PCBMAX'</SAMP> -<DD> -identifies the highest x and y coordinates in mil. - -<DT><SAMP>`PCBOFFSET'</SAMP> -<DD> -is set to the x and y offset in mil. - -<DT><SAMP>`PCBSCALE'</SAMP> -<DD> -is a floating point value which identifies the scaling factor. - -<DT><SAMP>`PCBSTARTDATA'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`PCBENDDATA'</SAMP> -<DD> -all layout data is included between these two marks. You may use them with an -<CODE>awk</CODE> script to produce several printouts on one piece of paper by -duplicating the code and putting some <CODE>translate</CODE> commands in front. -Note, the normal <CODE>PostScript</CODE> units are 1/72 inch. -</DL> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX119"></A> -<A NAME="IDX120"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC32" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC32">Connection Lists</A></H2> -<P> -After completing parts of your layout you may want to check if all drawn -connections match the ones you have in mind. This is probably best done -in conjunction with a net-list file: see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC34">Rats Nest</A>. -The following examples give more rudimentary ways to examine -the connections. - -<PRE> - 1) create at least two elements and name them - 2) create some connections between their pins - 3) optionally add some vias and connections to them -</PRE> - -<P> -Now select <EM>lookup connection</EM> from the <EM>Connections</EM> menu, -move the cursor to a pin or via and press any mouse button. <CODE>Pcb</CODE> -will look for all other pins and/or vias connected to the one you have -selected and display the objects in a different color. -Now try some of the reset options available from the same menu. - - -<P> -There also is a way to scan all connections of one element. Select -<EM>a single element</EM> from the menu and press any button at the -element's location. All connections of this element will be saved -to the specified file. -Either the layout name of the element or its canonical name is used to -identify pins depending on the one which is displayed on the screen -(may be changed by <EM>Display</EM> menu). - - -<P> -An automatic scan of all elements is initiated by choosing -<EM>all elements</EM>. It behaves in a similar fashion to scanning a single -element except the resource <EM>resetAfterElement</EM> -is used to determine if connections should be reset before a new element is -scanned. Doing so will produce very long lists because the power lines are -rescanned for every element. By default the resource is set to <EM>false</EM> -for this reason. - - -<P> -To scan for unconnected pins select <EM>unused pins</EM> from the same -menu. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX121"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC33" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC33">Selection</A></H2> -<P> -Some commands mentioned earlier in this chapter also are able to operate on all -selected and visible objects. -Now go back to the layout and toggle the selection flag of a single one -by <EM><Btn3Down></EM>. Try <EM><Btn3Down></EM>, move the pointer while -holding the button down and release it on a different location. -This selects all objects inside the rectangle and unselects everything else. -Dragging with <EM>Mod1<Btn3Down></EM> adds everything in the box to the -existing selection. Dragging <EM>Shift <Btn3Down></EM> unselects objects in the -box. - - -<P> -The entries of the <EM>Selection</EM> menu are hopefully self-explanatory. -Many of the <EM>Action Commands</EM> can take various key words that make -them function on all or some of the selected items. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX122"></A> -<A NAME="IDX123"></A> -<A NAME="IDX124"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC34" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC34">Rats Nest</A></H2> -<P> -If you have a netlist that corresponds to the layout you are working on, you -can use the rats-nest feature to add rat-lines to the layout. -First you will need to load a netlist file (see <EM>:rn</EM>, -section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC36">User Commands</A>). -<EM><Key>w</EM> adds rat-lines on the active layer using the current -line thickness shown in the status line (usually you'll want them to be thin lines). -Only those rat-lines that fill in missing connectivity (since you have -probably routed some connections already) are added. -If the layout is already completely wired, nothing will be added, and you will -get a message that the wiring is complete. - - -<P> -Rat-lines are lines having the special property that they only connect to pins and -pads at their end points. Rat-lines are drawn on the screen with a stippled pattern -to make them easier to identify since they have special behavior and cannot -remain in a completed layout. -Rat-lines are added in the minimum length straight-line tree pattern -(always ending on pins or pads) that satisfies the missing connectivity in the circuit. -Used in connection with moves and rotates of the elements, they are extremely useful for -deciding where to place elements on the board. The rat-lines will always automatically -rubberband to the elements whether or not the rubberband mode is on. The only way for -you to move them is by moving the parts they connect to. -This is because it is never desireable to have the rat-lines disconnected from -their element pins. Rat-lines will normally criss-cross -all over which gives rise to the name "rats nest" describing a layout connected with -them. If a SMD pad is unreachable on the active layer, a warning will be issued -about it and the rat-line to that pad will not be generated. - - -<P> -A common way to use rats nests is to place some -elements on the board, add the rat-lines, and then use a series of moves/rotates of the -elements until the rats nest appears to have minimum tangling. You may want to iterate this step -several times. Don't worry if the layout looks messy - as long as you can get a sense for whether -the criss-crossing is better or worse as you move things, you're fine. -After moving some elements arround, you may want to optimize the rats nest <EM><Key>o</EM> -so that the lines are drawn between the closest points (this can change once you've moved components). -Adding rat-lines only to selected pads/pins (<EM>Shift<Key>w</EM>) -is often useful to layout a circuit a little bit at a time. -Sometimes you'll want to delete all the rat-lines (<EM><Key>e</EM>) or -selected rat-lines (<EM>Shift<Key>e</EM>) in order to reduce confusion. -With a little practice you'll be able to achieve a near optimal component placement with -the use of a rats nest. - - -<P> -Rat-lines are not only used for assisting your element placement, they can also help -you to route traces on the board. -Use the <EM><Key>m</EM> to convert a rat-line under the cursor into -a normal line on the active layer. -Inserting a point into a rat-line will also cause the two new lines to be normal lines -on the board. -Another way that you can use rat-lines is to -use the <EM><Key>f</EM> with the cursor over a pad or pin. All of the pins and -pads and rat-lines belonging to that net will be highlighted. This is a helpful way to -distinguish one net from the rest of the rats nest. You can then route those tracks, -turn off the highlighting (<EM>Shift<Key>f</EM>) and repeat the process. This will work even -if the layer that the rat-lines reside on is made invisible - so only the pins and pads -are highlighted. -Be sure to erase the rat-lines (<EM><Key>e</EM> erases them all) once you've -duplicated their connectivity by adding your own lines. -When in doubt, the <EM><Key>o</EM> will delete only those -rat-lines that are no longer needed. - - -<P> -If connections exist on the board that are not listed in the netlist when -<EM><Key>w</EM> is pressed, warning messages are issued and the affected pins and -pads are drawn in a special <EM>warnColor</EM> until the next <EM>Notify()</EM> event. -If the entire layout agrees completely with the netlist, a message informs you that -the layout is complete and no rat-lines will be added (since none are needed). -If the layout is complete, but still has rat-lines then you will be warned -that rat-lines remain. If you get no message at all it's probably because some -elements listed in the net list can't be found and where reported in an earlier -message. -There shouldn't be any rat-lines left in a completed layout, only normal lines. - - -<P> -The <EM>Shift<Key>w</EM> is used to add rat-lines to only those missing connections among -the selected pins and pads. This can be used to add rat-lines in an incremental -manner, or to force a rat-line to route between two points that are not the -closest points within the net. Often it is best to add the rats nest in an incremental fashion, laying -out a sub-section of the board before going further. This is easy to accomplish since -new rat-lines are never added where routed connectivity already makes the necessary -connections. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX125"></A> -<A NAME="IDX126"></A> -<A NAME="IDX127"></A> -<A NAME="IDX128"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC35" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC35">Design Rule Checking</A></H2> -<P> -After you've finished laying out a board, you may want to check -to be certain that none of your interconnections are too closely -spaced or too tenuously touching to be reliably fabricated. The design -rule checking (DRC) function does this for you. Use the command ":DRC()" (without -the quotes of course) to invoke the checker. If there are no problem areas, -you'll get a message to that effect. If any problem is encountered, you will get -a message about it and the affected traces will be highlighted. One part of the -tracks of concern will be selected, while the other parts of concern will have the -"FindConnection" highlighting. The screen will automatically be centered in the -middle of the object having the "FindConnection" (Green) highlighting. The middle of -the object is also the coordinates reported to be "near" the problem. The actual trouble -region will be somewhere on the boundary of this object. If the two parts are -from different nets then there is some place where they approach each -other closer than the minimum rule. If the parts are from the same net, then -there is place where they are only barely connected. Find that place and connect -them better. - - -<P> -After a DRC error is found and corrected you must run the DRC again because -the search for errors is halted as soon as the first problem is found. Unless you've -been extremely careless there should be no more than a few design rule errors -in your layout. The DRC checker does not check for minimum spacing rules to -copper text, so always be very careful when adding copper text to a layout. -The rules for the DRC are specified in the application resource file. The minimum -spacing value (in mils) is given by the <EM>Settings.Bloat</EM> value. The default -is 7 mils. The minimum touching overlap (in mils) is given by the -<EM>Settings.Shrink</EM> value. This value defaults to 5 mils. Check with your -fabrication process people to determine the values that are right for you. - - -<P> -If you want to turn off the highlighting produced by the DRC, perform an -undo (assuming no other changes have been made). To restore the highlighting, -use redo. The redo will restore the highlighting quickly without re-running -the DRC checker. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX129"></A> -<A NAME="IDX130"></A> - - -<H1><A NAME="SEC36" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC36">User Commands</A></H1> -<P> -The entering of user-commands is initiated by the action routine -<EM>Command()</EM> (the <CODE>(":")</CODE> character) and finished by either -<EM><Key>Return</EM> -or <EM><Key>Escape</EM> to confirm or to abort. These two keybindings -cannot be changed from the resource file. -The triggering event, normally a key press, is ignored. -The input area will replace the bottom statusline. It pops -up when <EM>Command()</EM> is called. The arguments of the user-commands -are passed to the external commands without modification. -See also, the resource <EM>saveInTMP</EM>. - - -<P> -There are simple <EM>usage</EM> dialogs for each command and one for the -complete set of commands. - - -<DL COMPACT> - -<DT><SAMP>`l [filename]'</SAMP> -<DD> -<A NAME="IDX131"></A> - <A NAME="IDX132"></A> - <A NAME="IDX133"></A> - -Loads a new datafile (layout) and, if confirmed, overwrites any existing unsaved data. -The filename and the searchpath (<EM>filePath</EM>) are passed to the -command defined by <EM>fileCommand</EM>. -If no filename is specified a file select box will popup. - -<A NAME="IDX134"></A> -<A NAME="IDX135"></A> -<A NAME="IDX136"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`le [filename]'</SAMP> -<DD> -Loads an element description into the paste buffer. -The filename and the searchpath (<EM>elementPath</EM>) are passed to the -command defined by <EM>elementCommand</EM>. -If no filename is specified a file select box will popup. - -<A NAME="IDX137"></A> -<A NAME="IDX138"></A> -<A NAME="IDX139"></A> -<A NAME="IDX140"></A> -<A NAME="IDX141"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`m [filename]'</SAMP> -<DD> -Loads an layout file into the paste buffer. -The filename and the searchpath (<EM>filePath</EM>) are passed to the -command defined by <EM>fileCommand</EM>. -If no filename is specified a file select box will popup. - -<A NAME="IDX142"></A> -<A NAME="IDX143"></A> -<A NAME="IDX144"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`q[!]'</SAMP> -<DD> -Quits the program without saving any data (after confirmation). -q! doesn't ask for confirmation, it just quits. - -<A NAME="IDX145"></A> -<A NAME="IDX146"></A> -<A NAME="IDX147"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`s [filename]'</SAMP> -<DD> -Data and the filename are passed to the command defined by the resource -<EM>saveCommand</EM>. It must read the layout data from <EM>stdin</EM>. -If no filename is entered, either the last one is used -again or, if it is not available, a file select box will pop up. - -<A NAME="IDX148"></A> -<A NAME="IDX149"></A> -<A NAME="IDX150"></A> -<A NAME="IDX151"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`rn [filename]'</SAMP> -<DD> -Reads in a netlist file. If no filename is given -a file select box will pop up. -The file is read via the command defined by the -<EM>RatCommand</EM> resource. The command must send its output to <EM>stdout</EM>. -The netlist received by pcb must have this simple text form: - -netname NAME-PINNUM NAME2-PINNUM2 NAME3-PINNUM3 ... [\] - -where "netname" is the name of the net (currently its value is ignored but -it must be present nonetheless), -NAME is the layout-name given to an element, and PINNUM is the (usually numeric) -pin number of the element that is part of the net (see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC6">Elements</A> -for details on pin numbering). -Spaces or tabs separate the fields. -If the line ends with a "\" the -net continues on the next line and the "\" is treated exactly as if it -were a space. If the NAME ends with a lower-case letter, -all lower-case letters are stripped from end of the NAME to determine the -matching name-on-board name. For example: - -Data U1-3 U2abc-4 FLOP1a-7 Uabc3-A9 - -would specifiy that pin 3 of U1 be connected to pin 4 of U2, to pin 7 of -FLOP1 and to pin A9 of Uabc3. Note that if pin numbers contain alphabetic -characters, they must match the case contained in the "number" string defining the -pin number on the cooresponding element. -It is up to you to name the elements so that their layout-names agrees with the netlist. -Netlists are used for generating rats nest (see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC34">Rats Nest</A>) and for -verifying the board layout (which is also accomplished by the <EM>Ratsnest</EM> -command. - -<A NAME="IDX152"></A> -<A NAME="IDX153"></A> -<A NAME="IDX154"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`w[q] [filename]'</SAMP> -<DD> -These commands have been added for the convenience of <CODE>vi</CODE> users and -have the same functionality as <EM>s</EM> combined with <EM>q</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX155"></A> -<A NAME="IDX156"></A> -<A NAME="IDX157"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`actionCommand'</SAMP> -<DD> -Causes the actionCommand to be executed. This allows you to initiate actions -for which no bindings exist in the resource file. It can be used to initiate any -action with whatever arguments you enter. This makes it possible to do things -that otherwise would be extremely tedious. For example, to change the drilling -hole diameter of all vias in the layout to 32 mils, you could select everything using the -selection menu, then type "<EM>:ChangeDrillSize(SelectedVias, 32)</EM>". (This will -only work provided the via's diameter is sufficiently large to accomodate a 32 mil hole). -Another example might be to set the grid to 1 mil by typing "<EM>:SetValue(Grid, 1)</EM>". -Note that some actions use the current cursor location, so be sure to place the cursor -where you want before entering the command. This is one of my favorite new -features in 1.5 and can be a powerful tool. Study the section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC42">Actions</A> section to -see what actions are available. - -</DL> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX158"></A> -<A NAME="IDX159"></A> - - -<H1><A NAME="SEC37" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC37">Command-Line Options</A></H1> -<P> -There are several resources which may be set or reset in addition to the -standard toolkit command-line options. For a complete list refer to -section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A>. - - -<P> -The synopsis is: - - -<P> -<CODE>pcb [-option ...] [-toolkit_option ...] [layout-file]</CODE> - - -<P> -or - - -<P> -<CODE>pcb -specialoption</CODE> - - - -<UL> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC38">Options</A>: <CODE>Pcb</CODE> command-line options. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC39">Special Options</A>: Version and copyright information. -</UL> - - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC38" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC38">Options</A></H2> -<DL COMPACT> - -<DT><SAMP>`-alldirections/+alldirections'</SAMP> -<DD> -<A NAME="IDX160"></A> - <A NAME="IDX161"></A> - <A NAME="IDX162"></A> - <A NAME="IDX163"></A> - <A NAME="IDX164"></A> - -Disables or enables line clipping to 45 degree angles. Overwrites the -resource <EM>allDirectionLines</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX165"></A> -<A NAME="IDX166"></A> -<A NAME="IDX167"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-backup value'</SAMP> -<DD> -Time between two backups in seconds. Passing zero disables the backup feature. -Overwrites the resource <EM>backupInterval</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX168"></A> -<A NAME="IDX169"></A> -<A NAME="IDX170"></A> -<A NAME="IDX171"></A> -<A NAME="IDX172"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-c value'</SAMP> -<DD> -Number of characters per output line. The resource <EM>charactersPerLine</EM> is -overwritten. - -<A NAME="IDX173"></A> -<A NAME="IDX174"></A> -<A NAME="IDX175"></A> -<A NAME="IDX176"></A> -<A NAME="IDX177"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-fontfile filename'</SAMP> -<DD> -The default set of symbols (font) for a new layout is read from this file. -All directories as defined by the resource <EM>fontPath</EM> are scanned -for the file. The scan is only performed if the filename doesn't contain -a directory component. The <EM>fontFile</EM> resource is changed. - -<A NAME="IDX178"></A> -<A NAME="IDX179"></A> -<A NAME="IDX180"></A> -<A NAME="IDX181"></A> -<A NAME="IDX182"></A> -<A NAME="IDX183"></A> -<A NAME="IDX184"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-lelement command-line'</SAMP> -<DD> -Sets the command to be executed when an element is loaded from a file to the -paste buffer. The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested filename -and the searchpath to the command. It must write the data to its -standard output. The related resource is <EM>elementCommand</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX185"></A> -<A NAME="IDX186"></A> -<A NAME="IDX187"></A> -<A NAME="IDX188"></A> -<A NAME="IDX189"></A> -<A NAME="IDX190"></A> -<A NAME="IDX191"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-lfile command-line'</SAMP> -<DD> -Sets the command to be executed when a new layout is loaded from a file. -The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested filename -and the searchpath to the command. It must write the data to its -standard output. The related resource is <EM>fileCommand</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX192"></A> -<A NAME="IDX193"></A> -<A NAME="IDX194"></A> -<A NAME="IDX195"></A> -<A NAME="IDX196"></A> -<A NAME="IDX197"></A> -<A NAME="IDX198"></A> -<A NAME="IDX199"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-lfont command-line'</SAMP> -<DD> -Sets the command to be executed when a font is loaded from a file. -The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested filename -and the searchpath to the command. It must write the data to its -standard output. The related resource is <EM>fontCommand</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX200"></A> -<A NAME="IDX201"></A> -<A NAME="IDX202"></A> -<A NAME="IDX203"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-lg layergroups'</SAMP> -<DD> -This option overwrites the resource <EM>layerGroups</EM>. See its description -for more information. The value is used for new layouts only. - -<A NAME="IDX204"></A> -<A NAME="IDX205"></A> -<A NAME="IDX206"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-libname filename'</SAMP> -<DD> -The default filename for the library. Overwrites the resource -<EM>libraryFilename</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX207"></A> -<A NAME="IDX208"></A> -<A NAME="IDX209"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-libpath path'</SAMP> -<DD> -The default search path for the the library. Overwrites the resource -<EM>libraryPath</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX210"></A> -<A NAME="IDX211"></A> -<A NAME="IDX212"></A> -<A NAME="IDX213"></A> -<A NAME="IDX214"></A> -<A NAME="IDX215"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-llib command-line'</SAMP> -<DD> -Sets the command to be executed when an element is loaded from the library. -The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested filename -and the searchpath to the command. %a is replaces by the three arguments -<EM>template</EM>, <EM>value</EM> and <EM>package</EM>. The command must write -the data to its standard output. The related resource is <EM>libraryCommand</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX216"></A> -<A NAME="IDX217"></A> -<A NAME="IDX218"></A> -<A NAME="IDX219"></A> -<A NAME="IDX220"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-llibcont command-line'</SAMP> -<DD> -The command lists the contents of the library. -The command may contain %f and %p to pass the library filename -and the searchpath to the command. Also refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC50">Library File Format</A> -and section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC49">Library Contents File Format</A>. -The related resource is <EM>libraryContentsCommand</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX221"></A> -<A NAME="IDX222"></A> -<A NAME="IDX223"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-loggeometry geometry'</SAMP> -<DD> -Determines the geometry of the log window. - -<A NAME="IDX224"></A> -<A NAME="IDX225"></A> -<A NAME="IDX226"></A> -<A NAME="IDX227"></A> -<A NAME="IDX228"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-pnl value'</SAMP> -<DD> -Restricts the displayed length of the name of a pin in the pinout window to -the passed value. See also, the resource <EM>pinoutNameLength</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX229"></A> -<A NAME="IDX230"></A> -<A NAME="IDX231"></A> -<A NAME="IDX232"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-pz value'</SAMP> -<DD> -Sets the zoom factor for the pinout window according to the formula: -scale = 1:(2 power value). The related resource is <EM>pinoutZoom</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX233"></A> -<A NAME="IDX234"></A> -<A NAME="IDX235"></A> -<A NAME="IDX236"></A> -<A NAME="IDX237"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-reset/+reset'</SAMP> -<DD> -If enabled, all connections are reset after each element is scanned. -This feature is only used while scanning connections to all elements. -See also, <EM>resetAfterElement</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX238"></A> -<A NAME="IDX239"></A> -<A NAME="IDX240"></A> -<A NAME="IDX241"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-ring/+ring'</SAMP> -<DD> -Overrides the resource <EM>ringBellWhenFinished</EM>. If enabled, the bell -sounds when connection searching has finished. - -<A NAME="IDX242"></A> -<A NAME="IDX243"></A> -<A NAME="IDX244"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-rs string'</SAMP> -<DD> -Overrides the resource <EM>routeStyle</EM>. The string defines a colon -separated list of route styles. The route styles consist of a -comma separated list of name, line thickness, via diameter, and via drill size. -e.g. "Fat,50,100,40:Skinny,8,35,20:75Ohm,110,110,20" - -<A NAME="IDX245"></A> -<A NAME="IDX246"></A> -<A NAME="IDX247"></A> -<A NAME="IDX248"></A> -<A NAME="IDX249"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-s/+s'</SAMP> -<DD> -Enables/Disables the saving of the previous commandline. Overrides the -<EM>saveLastCommand</EM> resource. - -<A NAME="IDX250"></A> -<A NAME="IDX251"></A> -<A NAME="IDX252"></A> -<A NAME="IDX253"></A> -<A NAME="IDX254"></A> -<A NAME="IDX255"></A> -<A NAME="IDX256"></A> -<A NAME="IDX257"></A> -<A NAME="IDX258"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-save/+save'</SAMP> -<DD> -See the resource description of <EM>saveInTMP</EM> for details. - -<A NAME="IDX259"></A> -<A NAME="IDX260"></A> -<A NAME="IDX261"></A> -<A NAME="IDX262"></A> -<A NAME="IDX263"></A> -<A NAME="IDX264"></A> -<A NAME="IDX265"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-sfile command-line'</SAMP> -<DD> -Sets the command to be executed when an layout file is saved. -The command may contain %f which is replaced by the filename. The command -must read its data from the standard input. -The resource <EM>saveCommand</EM> is overwritten. - -<A NAME="IDX266"></A> -<A NAME="IDX267"></A> -<A NAME="IDX268"></A> -<A NAME="IDX269"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-size <width>x<height>'</SAMP> -<DD> -Overrides the resource <EM>size</EM> which determines the maximum size -of a layout. - -<A NAME="IDX270"></A> -<A NAME="IDX271"></A> -<A NAME="IDX272"></A> -<A NAME="IDX273"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-v value'</SAMP> -<DD> -Sets the volume of the X speaker. The value is passed to <CODE>XBell()</CODE> and -must be in the range -100..100. - -</DL> - - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC39" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC39">Special Options</A></H2> -<P> -There are some special options available in addition to normal command line -options. Each of these must be the only option specified on a command line. -The available special options are: - - -<DL COMPACT> - -<DT><SAMP>`-copyright'</SAMP> -<DD> -<A NAME="IDX274"></A> - <A NAME="IDX275"></A> - -Prints out the copyright notice and terminates. - -<A NAME="IDX276"></A> -<A NAME="IDX277"></A> -<A NAME="IDX278"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-version'</SAMP> -<DD> -Prints out the version ID and terminates. - -<A NAME="IDX279"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`-help'</SAMP> -<DD> -Prints out the usage message and terminates. - -</DL> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX280"></A> - - -<H1><A NAME="SEC40" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC40">X11 Interface</A></H1> -<P> -This chapter gives an overview about the additional <CODE>X11</CODE> resources which -are defined by <CODE>Pcb</CODE> as well as the defined action routines. - - - -<UL> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Resources</A>: Non-standard <CODE>X11</CODE> application resources. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC42">Actions</A>: A list of available action routines. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC43">Translations</A>: A list of the default key translations (as shipped). -</UL> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX281"></A> -<A NAME="IDX282"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC41" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A></H2> -<P> -In addition to the toolkit resources, <CODE>Pcb</CODE> defines the -following resources: - - -<DL COMPACT> - -<DT><SAMP>`absoluteGrid (boolean)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<A NAME="IDX283"></A> - <A NAME="IDX284"></A> - -Selects if either the grid is relative to the position where it has changed -last or absolute, the default, to the origin (0,0). - -<A NAME="IDX285"></A> -<A NAME="IDX286"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`alignmentDistance (dimension)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Specifies the distance between the boards outline to the alignment targets. - -<A NAME="IDX287"></A> -<A NAME="IDX288"></A> -<A NAME="IDX289"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`allDirectionLines (boolean)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Enables (default) or disables clipping of new lines to 45 degree angles. - -<A NAME="IDX290"></A> -<A NAME="IDX291"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`backupInterval (int)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<CODE>Pcb</CODE> has an automatic backup feature which saves the current data -every n seconds. The default is <EM>300</EM> seconds. A value of zero disables -the feature. The backup file is named <TT>`/tmp/PCB.%i.backup'</TT>. -<EM>%i</EM> is replaced by the process ID. -See also, the command-line option <EM>-backup</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX292"></A> -<A NAME="IDX293"></A> -<A NAME="IDX294"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Bloat (dimension)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Specifies the minimum spacing design rule in mils. - -<A NAME="IDX295"></A> -<A NAME="IDX296"></A> -<A NAME="IDX297"></A> -<A NAME="IDX298"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`charactersPerLine (int)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<CODE>Pcb</CODE> uses this value to determine the page width when creating lists. -N, the number of characters per line, defaults to <EM>80</EM>. -See also, the command-line option <EM>-c</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX299"></A> -<A NAME="IDX300"></A> -<A NAME="IDX301"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`connectedColor (color)'</SAMP> -<DD> -All pins, vias, lines and rectangles which are selected during a connection -search are drawn with this color. The default value is determined by -<EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX302"></A> -<A NAME="IDX303"></A> -<A NAME="IDX304"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`crosshairColor (color)'</SAMP> -<DD> -This color is used to draw the crosshair cursor. The color is a result of -a <EM>XOR</EM> operation with the contents of the drawing area. The result -also depends on the default colormap of the <CODE>X11</CODE> server because only -the colormap index is used in the boolean operation and <CODE>Pcb</CODE> doesn't -create its own colormap. The default setting is <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX305"></A> -<A NAME="IDX306"></A> -<A NAME="IDX307"></A> -<A NAME="IDX308"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`elementColor (color)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`elementSelectedColor (color)'</SAMP> -<DD> -The elements package part is drawn in these colors, for normal and selected -mode, respectively, which both default to <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX309"></A> -<A NAME="IDX310"></A> -<A NAME="IDX311"></A> -<A NAME="IDX312"></A> -<A NAME="IDX313"></A> -<A NAME="IDX314"></A> -<A NAME="IDX315"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`elementCommand (string)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<CODE>Pcb</CODE> uses a user defined command to read element files. This resources -is used to set the command which is executed by the users default shell. -Two escape sequences are defined to pass the selected filename (%f) and the -current search path (%p). The command must write the element data -to its standard output. The default value is - -<PRE> - M4PATH="%p";export M4PATH;echo 'include(%f)' | m4 -</PRE> - -Using the GNU version of <CODE>m4</CODE> is highly recommended. -See also, the command-line option <EM>-lelement</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX316"></A> -<A NAME="IDX317"></A> -<A NAME="IDX318"></A> -<A NAME="IDX319"></A> -<A NAME="IDX320"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`elementPath (string)'</SAMP> -<DD> -A colon separated list of directories or commands (starts with '|'). -The path is passed to the program specified in <EM>elementCommand</EM> together -with the selected elementname. A specified command will be executed in order -to create entries for the fileselect box. It must write its results to -<EM>stdout</EM> one entry per line. -See also, the user-command <EM>le[!]</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX321"></A> -<A NAME="IDX322"></A> -<A NAME="IDX323"></A> -<A NAME="IDX324"></A> -<A NAME="IDX325"></A> -<A NAME="IDX326"></A> -<A NAME="IDX327"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`fileCommand (string)'</SAMP> -<DD> -The command is executed by the user's default shell whenever existing layout -files are loaded. Data is read from the command's standard output. -Two escape sequences may be specified to pass the selected filename (%f) -and the current search path (%p). The default value is: - -<PRE> - cat %f -</PRE> - -See also, the command-line option <EM>-lfile</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX328"></A> -<A NAME="IDX329"></A> -<A NAME="IDX330"></A> -<A NAME="IDX331"></A> -<A NAME="IDX332"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`filePath (string)'</SAMP> -<DD> -A colon separated list of directories or commands (starts with '|'). -The path is passed to the program specified in <EM>fileCommand</EM> together -with the selected filename. A specified command will be executed in order -to create entries for the fileselect box. It must write its results to -<EM>stdout</EM> one entry per line. -See also, the user-command <EM>l[!]</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX333"></A> -<A NAME="IDX334"></A> -<A NAME="IDX335"></A> -<A NAME="IDX336"></A> -<A NAME="IDX337"></A> -<A NAME="IDX338"></A> -<A NAME="IDX339"></A> -<A NAME="IDX340"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`fontCommand (string)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Loading new symbol sets also is handled by an external command. You again -may pass the selected filename and the current search path by passing -%f and %p in the command string. Data is read from the commands standard -output. This command defaults to - -<PRE> - cat %f -</PRE> - -See also, the command-line option <EM>-lfont</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX341"></A> -<A NAME="IDX342"></A> -<A NAME="IDX343"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`fontFile (string)'</SAMP> -<DD> -The default font for new layouts is read from this file which is searched -in the directories as defined by the resource <EM>fontPath</EM>. -Searching is only performed if the filename does not contain a directory -component. -The default filename is <TT>`default_font'</TT>. -See also, the command-line option <EM>-fontfile</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX344"></A> -<A NAME="IDX345"></A> -<A NAME="IDX346"></A> -<A NAME="IDX347"></A> -<A NAME="IDX348"></A> -<A NAME="IDX349"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`fontPath (string)'</SAMP> -<DD> -This resource, a colon separated list of directories, defines the searchpath -for font files. See also, the resource <EM>fontFile</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX350"></A> -<A NAME="IDX351"></A> -<A NAME="IDX352"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`grid (int)'</SAMP> -<DD> -This resources defines the initial value of one cursor step. It defaults -to <EM>100 mil</EM> and any changes are saved together with the layout data. - -<A NAME="IDX353"></A> -<A NAME="IDX354"></A> -<A NAME="IDX355"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`gridColor (color)'</SAMP> -<DD> -This color is used to draw the grid. The color is a result of -a <EM>INVERT</EM> operation with the contents of the drawing area. The result -also depends on the default colormap of the <CODE>X11</CODE> server because only -the colormap index is used in the boolean operation and <CODE>Pcb</CODE> doesn't -create its own colormap. The default setting is <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX356"></A> -<A NAME="IDX357"></A> -<A NAME="IDX358"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`elementColor (color)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Elements localted on the opposite side of the board are drawn in this color. -The default is <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX359"></A> -<A NAME="IDX360"></A> -<A NAME="IDX361"></A> -<A NAME="IDX362"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`layerColor1..8 (color)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`layerSelectedColor1..8 (color)'</SAMP> -<DD> -These resources define the drawing colors of the different layers in -normal and selected state. All values are preset to <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX363"></A> -<A NAME="IDX364"></A> -<A NAME="IDX365"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`layerGroups (string)'</SAMP> -<DD> -The argument to this resource is a colon separated list of comma separated -layernumbers (1..8). All layers within one group are switched on/off -together. The default setting is <EM>1:2:3:...:8</EM> which means -all layers are handled separatly. Grouping layers one to three looks like -<EM>1,2,3:4:...:8</EM> -See also, the command-line option <EM>-lg</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX366"></A> -<A NAME="IDX367"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`layerName1..8 (string)'</SAMP> -<DD> -The default name of the layers in a new layout are determined by these -resources. The defaults are empty strings. - -<A NAME="IDX368"></A> -<A NAME="IDX369"></A> -<A NAME="IDX370"></A> -<A NAME="IDX371"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`libraryCommand (string)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<CODE>Pcb</CODE> uses a command to read element data from libraries. -The resources is used to set the command which is executed by the users -default shell. Three escape sequences are defined to pass the selected -filename (%f), the current search path (%p) as well (%a) as the three -parameters <EM>template</EM>, <EM>value</EM> and <EM>package</EM> to the command. -It must write the element data to its standard output. The default value is - -<PRE> - /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb/QueryLibrary.sh %p %f %a -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX372"></A> -<A NAME="IDX373"></A> -<A NAME="IDX374"></A> -<A NAME="IDX375"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`libraryContentsCommand (string)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Similar to <EM>libraryCommand</EM>, <CODE>Pcb</CODE> uses the command specified -by this resource to list the contents of a library. - -<PRE> - /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb/ListLibraryContents.sh %p %f -</PRE> - -is the default. - -<A NAME="IDX376"></A> -<A NAME="IDX377"></A> -<A NAME="IDX378"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`libraryFilename (string)'</SAMP> -<DD> -The resource specifies the name of the library. The default value is -<EM>pcblib</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX379"></A> -<A NAME="IDX380"></A> -<A NAME="IDX381"></A> -<A NAME="IDX382"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`libraryPath (string)'</SAMP> -<DD> -A colon separated list of directories that will be passed to the commands -specified by <EM>elementCommand</EM> and <EM>elementContentsCommand</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX383"></A> -<A NAME="IDX384"></A> -<A NAME="IDX385"></A> -<A NAME="IDX386"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`lineThickness (dimension)'</SAMP> -<DD> -The value, int the range [1..250], defines the -initial thickness of new lines. The value is preset to <EM>ten mil</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX387"></A> -<A NAME="IDX388"></A> -<A NAME="IDX389"></A> -<A NAME="IDX390"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`media (<predefined> | <width>x<height>+-<left_margin>+-<top_margin>)'</SAMP> -<DD> -The default (user defined) media of the <CODE>PostScript</CODE> device. Predefined -values are <EM>a3</EM>, <EM>a4</EM>, <EM>a5</EM>, <EM>letter</EM>, <EM>tabloit</EM>, -<EM>ledger</EM>, <EM>legal</EM>, and <EM>executive</EM>. -The second way is to specify the medias width, height and margins in mil. -The resource defaults to <EM>a4</EM> size. - -<A NAME="IDX391"></A> -<A NAME="IDX392"></A> -<A NAME="IDX393"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`offLimitColor (color)'</SAMP> -<DD> -The area outside the current maximum settings for width and height is drawn -with this color. The default value is determined by <EM>XtDefaultBackground</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX394"></A> -<A NAME="IDX395"></A> -<A NAME="IDX396"></A> -<A NAME="IDX397"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`pinColor (color)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`pinSelectedColor(color)'</SAMP> -<DD> -This resource defines the drawing color of pins and pads in both states. -The values are preset to <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX398"></A> -<A NAME="IDX399"></A> -<A NAME="IDX400"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`pinoutFont (string)'</SAMP> -<DD> -This fonts are used to display pin names. There is one font for each zoom -value. The values are preset to <EM>XtdefaultFont</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX401"></A> -<A NAME="IDX402"></A> -<A NAME="IDX403"></A> -<A NAME="IDX404"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`pinoutNameLength (int)'</SAMP> -<DD> -This resource limits the number of characters which are displayed for -pin names in the pinout window. By default the string length is limited -to <EM>eight</EM> characters per name. -See also, the command-line option <EM>-pnl</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX405"></A> -<A NAME="IDX406"></A> -<A NAME="IDX407"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`pinoutOffsetX (int)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`pinoutOffsetY (int)'</SAMP> -<DD> -These resources determine the offset in <EM>mil</EM> of the circuit from the -upper left corner of the window when displaying pinout information. -Both default to <EM>100 mil</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX408"></A> -<A NAME="IDX409"></A> -<A NAME="IDX410"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`pinoutTextOffsetX (int)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`pinoutTextOffsetY (int)'</SAMP> -<DD> -The resources determine the distance in mil between the drilling hole of a pin -to the location where its name is displayed in the pinout window. -They default to <EM>X:50</EM> and <EM>Y:0</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX411"></A> -<A NAME="IDX412"></A> -<A NAME="IDX413"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`pinoutZoom (int)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Sets the zoom factor for the pinout window according to the formula: -scale = 1:(2 power value). Its default value is <EM>two</EM> which results in -a <EM>1:4</EM> scale. -See also, the command-line option <EM>-pz</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX414"></A> -<A NAME="IDX415"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`printCommand (string)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Default file for printouts. If the name starts with a '|' the output -is piped through the command. A %f is replaced by the current filename. -There is no default file or command. - -<A NAME="IDX416"></A> -<A NAME="IDX417"></A> -<A NAME="IDX418"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`raiseLogWindow (boolean)'</SAMP> -<DD> -The log window will be raised when new messages arrive if this resource -is set <EM>true</EM>, the default. - -<A NAME="IDX419"></A> -<A NAME="IDX420"></A> -<A NAME="IDX421"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`ratCommand (string)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Default command for reading a netlist. A %f is replaced by the netlist -filename. Its default value is "<EM>cat %f</EM>". - -<A NAME="IDX422"></A> -<A NAME="IDX423"></A> -<A NAME="IDX424"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`ratPath (string)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Default path to look for netlist files. It's default value is "." - -<A NAME="IDX425"></A> -<A NAME="IDX426"></A> -<A NAME="IDX427"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`resetAfterElement (boolean)'</SAMP> -<DD> -If set to <EM>true</EM>, all found connections will be reset before a new -element is scanned. This will produce long lists when scanning the whole -layout for connections. The resource is set to <EM>false</EM> by default. -The feature is only used while looking up connections of all elements. -See also, the command-line option <EM>-reset, +reset</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX428"></A> -<A NAME="IDX429"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`ringBellWhenFinished (boolean)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Whether to ring the bell (the default) when a possibly lengthy operation -has finished or not. -See also, the command-line option <EM>-ring, +ring</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX430"></A> -<A NAME="IDX431"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`routeStyle (string)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Default values for the menu of routing styles (seen in the sizes menu). -The string is a comma separated list of name, line thickness, -via diameter, and via drill size. -e.g. "Fat,50,100,40:Skinny,8,35,20:75Ohm,110,110,20" -See also, the command-line option <EM>-rs</EM> and <EM>Sizes Menu</EM> - -<A NAME="IDX432"></A> -<A NAME="IDX433"></A> -<A NAME="IDX434"></A> -<A NAME="IDX435"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`rubberBandMode (boolean)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Whether rubberband move and rotate (attached lines stretch like -rubberbands) is enabled (the default). - -<A NAME="IDX436"></A> -<A NAME="IDX437"></A> -<A NAME="IDX438"></A> -<A NAME="IDX439"></A> -<A NAME="IDX440"></A> -<A NAME="IDX441"></A> -<A NAME="IDX442"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`saveCommand (string)'</SAMP> -<DD> -This command is used to save data to a layout file. The filename may be -indicated by placing <CODE>%f</CODE> in the string. It must read the data from -its standard input. The default command is: - -<PRE> - cat - > %f -</PRE> - -See also, the command-line option <EM>-sfile</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX443"></A> -<A NAME="IDX444"></A> -<A NAME="IDX445"></A> -<A NAME="IDX446"></A> -<A NAME="IDX447"></A> -<A NAME="IDX448"></A> -<A NAME="IDX449"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`saveInTMP (boolean)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Enabling this resource will save all data which would otherwise be lost -in a temporary file <TT>`/tmp/PCB.%i.save'</TT>. -<EM>%i</EM> is replaced by the process ID. -As an example, loading a new layout when the old one hasn't been saved would -use this resource. -See also, the command-line option <EM>-save, +save</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX450"></A> -<A NAME="IDX451"></A> -<A NAME="IDX452"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`saveLastCommand (boolean)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Enables the saving of the last entered user command. The option is -<EM>disabled</EM> by default. -See also, the command-line option <EM>-s, +s</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX453"></A> -<A NAME="IDX454"></A> -<A NAME="IDX455"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Shrink (dimension)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Specifies the minimum overlap (touching) design rule in mils. - -<A NAME="IDX456"></A> -<A NAME="IDX457"></A> -<A NAME="IDX458"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`size (<width>x<height>)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Defines the width and height of a new layout. The default is -<EM>7000x5000</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX459"></A> -<A NAME="IDX460"></A> -<A NAME="IDX461"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`stipllePolygons (boolean)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Determines whether to display polygons on the screen with a stippled -pattern. Stippling can create some amount of transperency so that -you can still (to some extent) see layers beneath polygons. -It defaults to False. - -<A NAME="IDX462"></A> -<A NAME="IDX463"></A> -<A NAME="IDX464"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`textScale (dimension)'</SAMP> -<DD> -The font scaling in percent is defined by this resource. The default is -<EM>100</EM> percent. - -<A NAME="IDX465"></A> -<A NAME="IDX466"></A> -<A NAME="IDX467"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`useLogWindow (boolean)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Several subroutines send messages to the user if an error occurs. -This resource determines if they appear inside the log window or as a separate -dialog box. See also, the resource <EM>raiseLogWindow</EM> and the command line -option <EM>-loggeometry</EM>. -The default value is <EM>true</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX468"></A> -<A NAME="IDX469"></A> -<A NAME="IDX470"></A> -<A NAME="IDX471"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`viaColor (color)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`viaSelectedColor (color)'</SAMP> -<DD> -This resource defines the drawing color of vias in both states. -The values are preset to <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX472"></A> -<A NAME="IDX473"></A> -<A NAME="IDX474"></A> -<A NAME="IDX475"></A> -<A NAME="IDX476"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`viaThickness (dimension)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`viaDrillingHole (dimension)'</SAMP> -<DD> -The initial thickness and drilling hole of new vias. The values must be in the -range [30..250] with at least 20 -mil of copper. -The default thickness is <EM>40 mil</EM> and the default drilling hole is -<EM>20 mil</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX477"></A> -<A NAME="IDX478"></A> -<A NAME="IDX479"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`volume (int)'</SAMP> -<DD> -The value is passed to <CODE>XBell()</CODE> which sets the volume of the <CODE>X</CODE> -speaker. -The value lies in the range -100..100 and it defaults to the maximum volume of -<EM>100</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX480"></A> -<A NAME="IDX481"></A> -<A NAME="IDX482"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`warnColor (color)'</SAMP> -<DD> -This resources defines the color to be used for drawing pins and pads when -a warning has been issued about them. - -<A NAME="IDX483"></A> -<A NAME="IDX484"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`zoom (int)'</SAMP> -<DD> -The initial value for output scaling is set according to the following -formula: scale = 1:(2 power value). It defaults to <EM>three</EM> which results -in an output scale of <EM>1:8</EM>. - -</DL> - -<P> -Refer also to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC37">Command-Line Options</A>. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX485"></A> -<A NAME="IDX486"></A> -<A NAME="IDX487"></A> -<A NAME="IDX488"></A> -<A NAME="IDX489"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC42" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC42">Actions</A></H2> -<P> -All user accessible commands may be bound to almost any <CODE>X</CODE> event. Almost -no default binding for commands is done in the binaries, so it is vital for the -application that at least a system-wide application resource file exists. -This file normally resides in the <TT>`X11/lib/app-defaults'</TT> directory and -is called <TT>`Pcb'</TT>. The bindings to which the manual refers to are the -ones as defined by the shipped resource file. Besides binding an action to -an X11 event, you can also execute any action command using a ":" command -(see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC36">User Commands</A>). - - -<P> -Take special care about translations related to the functions keys and the -pointer buttons because most of the window managers use them too. -Change the file according to your hardware/software environment. -You may have to replace all occurances of <EM>baseTranslations</EM> to -<EM>translations</EM> if you use a <CODE>X11R4</CODE> server. - - -<P> -Passing <EM>Object</EM> as an argument to an action routine causes the object -at the cursor location to be changed, removed or whatever. If more than -one object is located at the crosshair position the smallest type is used. -If there are two of the same type the newer one is taken. -<EM>SelectedObjects</EM> will handle all selected and visible objects. - - -<DL COMPACT> - -<DT><SAMP>`AddRats(AllRats|SelectedRats)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<A NAME="IDX490"></A> - <A NAME="IDX491"></A> - <A NAME="IDX492"></A> - <A NAME="IDX493"></A> - -Adds rat-lines to the layout using the loaded netlist file (see the <EM>:rn</EM>, -section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC36">User Commands</A>.). Rat lines are added on the active layer using the current -line thickness shown in the status line. -Only missing connectivity is added by the -AddRats command so if, for example, the layout is complete nothing will be added. -Rat lines are drawn on the screen with a stippled pattern -to make them easier to identify since they cannot appear in a completed layout. -The rat-lines are added in the minimum length straight-line tree pattern -(always ending on pins or pads) that satisfies the missing connectivity in the circuit. -If a SMD pad is unreachable on the active layer, a warning will be issued -about it and the rat-line to that pad will not be generated. -If connections exist on the board which are not listed in the netlist while -AllRats are being added, warning messages will be issued and the affected pins and -pads will be drawn in a special <EM>warnColor</EM> until the next <EM>Notify()</EM> event. -If the entire layout agrees completely with the net-list a message informs you that -the layout is complete and no rat-lines are added (since none are needed). -If <EM>SelectedRats</EM> -is passed as the argument, only those missing connections that might connect among -the selected pins and pads are drawn. -Default: - -<PRE> -None<Key>w: AddRats(AllRats) -!Shift<Key>w: AddRats(SelectedRats) -None<Key>o: DeleteRats(AllRats) AddRats(AllRats) -!Shift<Key>o: DeleteRats(SelectedRats) AddRats(SelectedRats) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX494"></A> -<A NAME="IDX495"></A> -<A NAME="IDX496"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Atomic(Save|Restore|Block|Close)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Controls the undo grouping of sequences of actions. Before the first action -in a group, Atomic(Save) should be issued. After each action that might -be undoable, Atomic(Restore) should be issued. Atomic(Block) concludes -and save the undo grouping if there was anything in the group to undo. -Atomic(Close) concludes and save the undo grouping even if nothing was -actually done. Thus it might produce an "empty" undo. This can be useful -when you want to use undo in a group of actions. - -<A NAME="IDX497"></A> -<A NAME="IDX498"></A> -<A NAME="IDX499"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Bell([-100..100])'</SAMP> -<DD> -Rings the bell of your display. If no value is passed the setting -of the resource <EM>volume</EM> will be used. - -<A NAME="IDX500"></A> -<A NAME="IDX501"></A> -<A NAME="IDX502"></A> -<A NAME="IDX503"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`ChangeDrillSize(Object, value)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`ChangeDrillSize(SelectedPins|SelectedVias, value)'</SAMP> -<DD> -This action routine changes the drilling hole of pins and vias. -If <EM>value</EM> starts with + or -, then it adds (or subtracts) -<EM>value</EM> from the current hole diameter, otherwise it sets the -diameter to the value. -Default: - -<PRE> -!Mod1<Key>s: Change2ndSize(Object, +5) -!Mod1 Shift<Key>s: Change2ndSize(Object, -5) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX504"></A> -<A NAME="IDX505"></A> -<A NAME="IDX506"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`ChangeHole(Object|SelectedVias)'</SAMP> -<DD> -This action routine converts a via to and from a hole. A hole is -a via that has no copper annulus. The drill size for the via -determines the hole diameter. - -<PRE> -!Ctrl<Key>h: ChangeHole(Object) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX507"></A> -<A NAME="IDX508"></A> -<A NAME="IDX509"></A> -<A NAME="IDX510"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`ChangeName(Object)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`ChangeName(Layer|Layout)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Changes the name of the visible object at the cursor location. A text object -doesn't have a name therefore the text string itself is changed. -The element name currently used for display is always the one changed with this -command. -See <EM>Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)</EM> for details. -Passing <EM>Layer</EM> changes the current layers name. -Default: - -<PRE> -None<Key>n: ChangeName(Object) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX511"></A> -<A NAME="IDX512"></A> -<A NAME="IDX513"></A> -<A NAME="IDX514"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`ChangeOctagon(Object|SelectElements|SelectedPins|SelectedVias|Selected)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Toggles what shape the affected pin(s) or via(s) will be drawn when they -are not square. The shape will either be round or octagonal. -Default: - -<PRE> -!Ctrl<Key>o: ChangeOctagon(Object) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX515"></A> -<A NAME="IDX516"></A> -<A NAME="IDX517"></A> -<A NAME="IDX518"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`ChangeSize(Object, value)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`ChangeSize(SelectedLines|SelectedPins|SelectedVias, value)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`ChangeSize(SelectedPads|SelectedTexts|SelectedNames, value)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`ChangeSize(SelectedElements, value)'</SAMP> -<DD> -To change the size of an object you have to bind these action to some -<CODE>X</CODE> event (or use :ChangeSize(...)). If <EM>value</EM> begins with -a + or - then the value will be added (or subtracted) from the current -size, otherwise the size is set equal to <EM>value</EM>. Range checking is -done to insure that none of the maximum/minimums of any size are violated. -If <EM>Object</EM> is passed then a single object at the cursor location is -changed. If any of the <EM>Selected</EM> arguments are passed then all selected -and visible objects of that type are changed. If the type being modified is -an element, then the thickness of the silkscreen lines defining the element -is changed. -Default: - -<PRE> -None<Key>s: ChangeSize(Object, +5) -!Shift<Key>s: ChangeSize(Object, -5) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX519"></A> -<A NAME="IDX520"></A> -<A NAME="IDX521"></A> -<A NAME="IDX522"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`ChangeSquare(Object|SelectedElements|SelectedPins)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Toggles the setting of the square flag. The flag is used to identify a -certain pin, normally the first one, of circuits. It is also used to -make SMD pads have square ends. - -<PRE> -None<Key>q: ChangeSquare(Object) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX523"></A> -<A NAME="IDX524"></A> -<A NAME="IDX525"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Command()'</SAMP> -<DD> -Calling <EM>Command()</EM> pops up an input line at the bottom of the window -which allows you to enter commands. Including all action commands! -The dialog ends when <EM>None<Key>Return</EM> -to confirm or <EM>None<Key>Escape</EM> to abort is entered. -Default: - -<PRE> -<Key>colon: Command() -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX526"></A> -<A NAME="IDX527"></A> -<A NAME="IDX528"></A> -<A NAME="IDX529"></A> -<A NAME="IDX530"></A> -<A NAME="IDX531"></A> -<A NAME="IDX532"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Connection(Find)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`Connection(ResetFoundLinesAndRectangles|ResetPinsViasAndPads|Reset)'</SAMP> -<DD> -The <EM>Connection()</EM> action is used to mark all connections from one pin, -line or via to others. -The <EM>ResetFoundLinesAndRectangles, ResetFoundPinsAndVias</EM> and -<EM>Reset</EM> arguments may be used to reset all marked lines and rectangles, -vias and pins or all of them. The search starts with the pin or via -at the cursor position. All found objects are drawn with the color -defined by the resource <EM>connectedColor</EM>. -See also, <EM>Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)</EM>. -Default: - -<PRE> -!Shift<Key>c: Connection(Reset) -None<Key>f: Connection(Find) -!Shift<Key>f: Connection(Reset) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX533"></A> -<A NAME="IDX534"></A> -<A NAME="IDX535"></A> -<A NAME="IDX536"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`DeleteRats(AllRats|SelectedRats)'</SAMP> -<DD> -This routine deletes either all rat-lines in the layout, or only -the selected and visible ones. Non-rat-lines and other layout -objects are unaffected. -Default: - -<PRE> -None<Key>e: DeleteRats(AllRats) -!Shift<Key>e: DeleteRats(SelectedRats) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX537"></A> -<A NAME="IDX538"></A> -<A NAME="IDX539"></A> -<A NAME="IDX540"></A> -<A NAME="IDX541"></A> -<A NAME="IDX542"></A> -<A NAME="IDX543"></A> -<A NAME="IDX544"></A> -<A NAME="IDX545"></A> -<A NAME="IDX546"></A> -<A NAME="IDX547"></A> -<A NAME="IDX548"></A> -<A NAME="IDX549"></A> -<A NAME="IDX550"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`Display(Toggle45Degree|CycleClip)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`Display(Grid|ToggleGrid)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`Display(ToggleRubberBandMode)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`Display(Center|ClearAndRedraw|Redraw)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`Display(Pinout|PinOrPadName)'</SAMP> -<DD> -This action routines handles some output related settings. It is -used to center the display around the cursor location and to redraw the -output area optionally after clearing the window. -Centering is done with respect to the <EM>grid</EM> setting. Displaying the -grid itself may be switched on and off by <EM>Grid</EM> but only if -the distance between two pixels exceeds 1_DISTANCE pixels. -<CODE>Pcb</CODE> is able to handle several labels of an element. One of them -is a description of the functionality (eg resistor), the second should be -a unique identifier (R1) whereas the last one is a value (100k). -The <EM>Display()</EM> action selects which of the names is displayed. -It also controls which name will be affected by the <EM>ChangeName</EM> command. -If <EM>ToggleGrid</EM> is passed, <CODE>Pcb</CODE> changes between relative -('rel' in the statusline) and absolute grid (an 'abs' in the statusline). -Relative grid means the pointer position when the command is issued is -used as the grid origin; while (0,0) is used in the absolute grid case. -Passing <EM>Pinout</EM> displays the pinout of the element at the current -cursor location whereas <EM>PinOrPadName</EM> toggles displaying of the -pins or pads name under the cursor. If none of them matches but the cursor -is inside of an element, the flags is toggled for all of its pins and pads. -For details about rubberbands see also the details about <EM>Mode</EM>. -Default: - -<PRE> -None<Key>c: Display(Center) -None<Key>d: Display(PinOrPadName) -!Shift<Key>d: Display(Pinout) -None<Key>r: Display(ClearAndRedraw) -None<Key>.: Display(Toggle45Degree) -None<Key>/: Display(CycleClip) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX551"></A> -<A NAME="IDX552"></A> -<A NAME="IDX553"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`DRC()'</SAMP> -<DD> -Initiates design rule checking of the entire layout. Must be repeated -until no errors are found. - -<A NAME="IDX554"></A> -<A NAME="IDX555"></A> -<A NAME="IDX556"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`EditLayerGroups()'</SAMP> -<DD> -Pops up a dialog box to edit the layergroup setting. The function is also -available from the <EM>Objects</EM> menu. -There are no defaults. - -<A NAME="IDX557"></A> -<A NAME="IDX558"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Load(ElementToBuffer|Layout|LayoutToBuffer|Nelist)'</SAMP> -<DD> -This routine pops up a fileselect box to load layout, element data, -or netlist. -The passed filename for layout data is saved and may be reused. -<EM>ElementToBuffer</EM> and <EM>LayoutToBuffer</EM> load the data into the -current buffer. -There are no defaults. - -<A NAME="IDX559"></A> -<A NAME="IDX560"></A> -<A NAME="IDX561"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`MarkCrosshair()'</SAMP> -<DD> -This routine marks the current cursor location with an X, and then -the cursor display shows both absolute position and position relative to -the mark. If a mark is already present, this routine removes it and -stops displaying relative cursor coordinates. -Defaults: - -<PRE> -!Ctrl<key>m: MarkCrosshair() -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX562"></A> -<A NAME="IDX563"></A> -<A NAME="IDX564"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Mode(Copy|InsertPoint|Line|Move|None|PasteBuffer|Polygon|Thermal)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`Mode(Remove|Rectangle|RubberbandMove|Text|Via)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`Mode(Cycle)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`Mode(Notify)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`Mode(Save|Restore)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Switches to a new mode of operation. The active mode is displayed by a thick -line around the matching mode selector button. -Most of the functionality of <CODE>Pcb</CODE> is implemented by selecting a mode -and calling <EM>Mode(Notify)</EM>. The arguments <EM>Line</EM>, <EM>Polygon</EM>, -<EM>Rectangle</EM>, <EM>Text</EM> and <EM>Via</EM> are used to create the -appropriate object whenever <EM>Mode(Notify)</EM> is called. Some of them, -such as <EM>Polygon</EM>, need more than one call for one object to be created. -<EM>InsertPoint</EM> adds points to existing polygons or lines. -<EM>Save</EM> and <EM>Restore</EM> are used to temporarily save the mode, switch -to another one, call <EM>Mode(Notify)</EM> and restore the saved one. Have -a look at the application resource file for examples. -<EM>Copy</EM> and <EM>Move</EM> modes are used to change an object's location and, -optionally, to create a new one. The first call of <EM>Mode(Notify)</EM> attaches -the object at the pointer location to the crosshair whereas the second -one drops it to the layout. The <EM>rubberband</EM> version of move performs the -move while overriding the current rubberband mode. -Passing <EM>PasteBuffer</EM> attaches the contents of the currently selected -buffer to the crosshair. Each call to <EM>Mode(Notify)</EM> pastes this contents -to the layout. <EM>Mode(Cycle)</EM> cycles through the modes available in the -mode-button pallete. -<EM>Mode(None)</EM> switches all modes off. -Default: - -<PRE> -<Key>Escape: Mode(None) -<Key>space: Mode(Cycle) -None<Key>BackSpace: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) -None<Key>Delete: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) -None<Key>F1: Mode(Via) -None<Key>F2: Mode(Line) -None<Key>F3: Mode(PasteBuffer) -None<Key>F4: Mode(Rectangle) -None<Key>F5: Mode(Text) -None<Key>F6: Mode(Polygon) -None<Key>F7: Mode(Thermal) -None<Key>F8: Mode(Arc) -None<Key>Insert: Mode(InsertPoint) -None<Key>[: Mode(Save) Mode(Move) Mode(Notify) -None<Key>]: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) -None<Btn1Down>: Mode(Notify) -!Shift Ctrl<Btn1Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) -None<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(Move) Mode(Notify) -None<Btn2Up>: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) -!Mod1<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(Copy) Mode(Notify) -!Mod1<Btn2Up>: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) -Shift Mod1<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(RubberbandMove) Mode(Notify) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX565"></A> -<A NAME="IDX566"></A> -<A NAME="IDX567"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`MovePointer(delta_x, delta_y)'</SAMP> -<DD> -With this function it is possible to move the crosshair cursor by using the -cursor keys. The <CODE>X</CODE> server's pointer follows because the necessary -events are generated by <CODE>Pcb</CODE>. All movements are performed with respect -to the currently set grid value. -Default: - -<PRE> -None<Key>Up: MovePointer(0, -1) -!Shift<Key>Up: MovePointer(0, -10) -None<Key>Down: MovePointer(0, 1) -!Shift<Key>Down: MovePointer(0, 10) -None<Key>Right: MovePointer(1, 0) -!Shift<Key>Right: MovePointer(10, 0) -None<Key>Left: MovePointer(-1, 0) -!Shift<Key>Left: MovePointer(-10, 0) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX568"></A> -<A NAME="IDX569"></A> -<A NAME="IDX570"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`MoveToCurrentLayer(Object|SelectedObjects)'</SAMP> -<DD> -The function moves a single object at the crosshair location or all selected -objects to the current layer. Elements are not moveable by this function. -They have to be deleted and replaced on the other side. -If a line segment is moved and the movement would result in a loss of -connectivity to another segment then via(s) are automatically added to -maintain the connectivity. - -<PRE> -None<Key>m: MoveToCurrentLayer(Object) -!Shift<Key>m: MoveToCurrentLayer(SelectedObjects) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX571"></A> -<A NAME="IDX572"></A> -<A NAME="IDX573"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`New()'</SAMP> -<DD> -Clear the current layout and starts a new one after entering its name. -Refer to the resource <EM>backup</EM> for more information. -No defaults. - -<A NAME="IDX574"></A> -<A NAME="IDX575"></A> -<A NAME="IDX576"></A> -<A NAME="IDX577"></A> -<A NAME="IDX578"></A> -<A NAME="IDX579"></A> -<A NAME="IDX580"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`PasteBuffer(AddSelected|Clear|1..5)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`PasteBuffer(Rotate, 1..3)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`PasteBuffer(Convert)'</SAMP> -<DD> -This action routine controls and selects the pastebuffer as well as all -cut-and-paste operations. Passing a buffer number selects one in of the -range 1..5. The statusline is updated with the new number. -<EM>Rotate</EM> performs a number of 90 degree counter clockwise rotations -of the buffer contents. <EM>AddSelected</EM> as first argument copies all -selected and visible objects into the buffer. Passing <EM>Clear</EM> removes -all objects from the currently selected buffer. <EM>Convert</EM> causes -the contents of the buffer (lines, arc, vias) to be converted into an -element definition. Refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC28">Pastebuffer</A> -for examples. -Default: - -<PRE> -!Ctrl<Key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected) - Mode(PasteBuffer) -!Shift Ctrl<Key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected) - RemoveSelected() Mode(PasteBuffer) -!Mod1<Key>c: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected) -!Mod1<key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected) - RemoveSelected() -!Shift<Key>1: PasteBuffer(1) -!Shift<Key>2: PasteBuffer(2) -!Shift<Key>3: PasteBuffer(3) -!Shift<Key>4: PasteBuffer(4) -!Shift<Key>5: PasteBuffer(5) -None<Key>F3: Mode(PasteBuffer) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX581"></A> -<A NAME="IDX582"></A> -<A NAME="IDX583"></A> -<A NAME="IDX584"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Polygon((Close|PreviousPoint)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Polygons need a special action routine to make life easier. Calling -<EM>Polygon(PreviousPoint)</EM> resets the newly entered corner to the -previous one. The Undo action will call Polygon(PreviousPoint) -when appropriate to do so. <EM>Close</EM> creates the final -segment of the polygon. This may fail if clipping to 45 degree -lines is switched on, in which case a warning is issued. -Default: - -<PRE> -None<Key>p: Polygon(Close) -!Shift<Key>p: Polygon(Close) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX585"></A> -<A NAME="IDX586"></A> -<A NAME="IDX587"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Print()'</SAMP> -<DD> -Pops up a print control box that lets you select the output -device, scaling and many more options. Each run creates all -files that are supported by the selected device. These are -mask files as well as drilling files, silk screens and so on. The table -shows the filenames for all possible files: - -<PRE> - POSIX (extention) 8.3 filename - --------------------------------------------- - *_componentmask.* cmsk.* - *_componentsilk.* cslk.* - *_soldermask.* smsk.* - *_soldersilk.* sslk.* - *_drill.* dril.* - *_groundplane.* gpl.* - *_group[1..8].* [..8].* -</PRE> - -The output may be sent to a postprocessor by starting the filename with the -<EM>pipe</EM> <CODE>("|")</CODE> character. Any <CODE>"%f"</CODE> in a command is replaced -with the current filename. The function is available from the <EM>file</EM> menu. -There are no defaults. - -<A NAME="IDX588"></A> -<A NAME="IDX589"></A> -<A NAME="IDX590"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Quit()'</SAMP> -<DD> -Quits the application after confirming the operation. -Default: - -<PRE> -<Message>WM_PROTOCOLS: Quit() -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX591"></A> -<A NAME="IDX592"></A> -<A NAME="IDX593"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Redo()'</SAMP> -<DD> -This routine allows you to recover from the last undo command. -You might want to do this if you thought that undo was going to -revert something other than what it actually did (in case you -are confused about which operations are un-doable), or if you -have been backing up through a long undo list and over-shoot -your stopping point. Any change that is made since the undo -in question will trim the redo list. For example if you add -ten lines, then undo three of them you could use redo to put -them back, but if you move a line on the board before performing -the redo, you will lose the ability to "redo" the three "undone" lines. -Default: - -<PRE> -!Shift<Key>r: Redo() -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX594"></A> -<A NAME="IDX595"></A> -<A NAME="IDX596"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`RemoveSelected()'</SAMP> -<DD> -This routine removes all visible and selected objects. -There are no defaults. - -<A NAME="IDX597"></A> -<A NAME="IDX598"></A> -<A NAME="IDX599"></A> -<A NAME="IDX600"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Report(Object|DrillReport)'</SAMP> -<DD> -This routine pops up a dialog box describing the various -characteristics of an object (or piece of an object such as a pad or pin) -in the layout at the cursor position, or a report about all of the -drill holes in the layout. -There are no defaults. - -<A NAME="IDX601"></A> -<A NAME="IDX602"></A> -<A NAME="IDX603"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`RouteStyle(1|2|3|4)'</SAMP> -<DD> -This routine copies the sizes corresponding to the numbered route style -into the active line thicknes, via diameter, and via drill size. -Defaults: - -<PRE> -!Ctrl<Key>1: RouteStyle(1) -... -!Ctrl<Key>4: RouteStyle(4) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX604"></A> -<A NAME="IDX605"></A> -<A NAME="IDX606"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Save(Layout|LayoutAs)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`Save(AllConnections|AllUnusedPins|ElementConnections)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Passing <EM>Layout</EM> saves the layout using the file from which it was -loaded or, if it is a new layout, calls <EM>Save(LayoutAs)</EM> which queries -the user for a filename. -The values: <EM>AllConnections</EM>, <EM>AllUnusedPins</EM> and -<EM>ElementConnections</EM> start a connection scan and save all connections, -all unused pins or the connections of a single element to a file. -There are no defaults. - -<A NAME="IDX607"></A> -<A NAME="IDX608"></A> -<A NAME="IDX609"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Select(All|Block|Connection|ToggleObject)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`Select(ElementByName|ObjectByName|PadByName|PinByName)'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`Select(TextByName|ViaByName)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Toggles either the selection flag of the object at the crosshair position -(<EM>ToggleObject</EM>) or selects all visible objects, all inside a -rectangle or all objects which have been found during the last connection -scan. The <EM>ByName</EM> functions use a regular expression search, -always case insensitive, to select the objects. -Default: - -<PRE> -None<Btn3Down>: Select(ToggleObject) -None<Btn3Down>,None<Btn3Motion>: See resource file - this is complex -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX610"></A> -<A NAME="IDX611"></A> -<A NAME="IDX612"></A> -<A NAME="IDX613"></A> -<A NAME="IDX614"></A> -<A NAME="IDX615"></A> -<A NAME="IDX616"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`SetValue(Grid|LineSize|TextScale|ViaDrillingHole|ViaSize|Zoom, value)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Some internal values may be changed online by this function. -The first parameter specifies which data has to be changed. The other one -determines if the resource is set to the passed value, if <EM>value</EM> is -specified without sign, or increments/decrements if it is specified with -a plus or minus sign. -The function doesn't change any existing object only the initial values of -new objects. Use the <EM>ChangeSize()</EM> and <EM>ChangeDrillSize()</EM> -to change existing objects. -Default: - -<PRE> -None<Key>g: SetValue(Grid, +5) -!Shift<Key>g: SetValue(Grid, -5) -None<Key>l: SetValue(LineSize, +5) -!Shift<Key>l: SetValue(LineSize, -5) -None<Key>t: SetValue(TextScale, +10) -!Shift<Key>t: SetValue(TextScale, -10) -None<Key>v: SetValue(ViaSize, +5) -!Shift<Key>v: SetValue(ViaSize, -5) -!Mod1<Key>v: SetValue(ViaDrillingHole, +5) -!Mod1 Shift<Key>v: SetValue(ViaDrillingHole, -5) -None<Key>z: SetValue(Zoom, -1) -!Shift<Key>z: SetValue(Zoom, +1) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX617"></A> -<A NAME="IDX618"></A> -<A NAME="IDX619"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`SwapSides()'</SAMP> -<DD> -This routine changes the board side you are viewing. -Default: - -<PRE> -None<Key>Tab: SwapSides() -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX620"></A> -<A NAME="IDX621"></A> -<A NAME="IDX622"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`SwitchDrawingLayer(value)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Makes layer numer 1..8 the current one. -Default: - -<PRE> -None<Key>1: SwitchDrawingLayer(1) -... -None<Key>8: SwitchDrawingLayer(8) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX623"></A> -<A NAME="IDX624"></A> -<A NAME="IDX625"></A> -<A NAME="IDX626"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`ToggleHideName(Object|SelectedElements)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Toggles whether the element's name is displayed or hidden. If it -is hidden you won't see it on the screen and it will not appear -on the silk layer when you print the layout. - -<PRE> -None<Key>h: ToggleHideName(Object) -!Shift<Key>h: ToggleHideName(SelectedElements) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX627"></A> -<A NAME="IDX628"></A> -<A NAME="IDX629"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Undo()'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`Undo(ClearList)'</SAMP> -<DD> -The unlimited undo feature of <CODE>Pcb</CODE> allows you to recover -from most operations that materially affect you work. -Calling <EM>Undo()</EM> without any parameter recovers -from the last (non-undo) operation. <EM>ClearList</EM> is used to release the -allocated memory. <EM>ClearList</EM> is called whenever a new layout is started -or loaded. See also <EM>Redo</EM>. -Default: - -<PRE> -None<Key>u: Undo() -!Shift Ctrl<Key>u: Undo(ClearList) -</PRE> - -<A NAME="IDX630"></A> -<A NAME="IDX631"></A> -<A NAME="IDX632"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Unselect(All|Block|Connection)'</SAMP> -<DD> -Unselects all visible objects, all inside a rectangle or all objects which -have been found during the last connection scan. -Default: - -<PRE> -!Shift <Btn3Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(None) Unselect(Block) -!Shift <Btn3Up>: Unselect(Block) Mode(Restore) -</PRE> - -</DL> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX633"></A> -<A NAME="IDX634"></A> -<A NAME="IDX635"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC43" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC43">Default Translations</A></H2> -<P> -This section covers some default translations of key and button events as -defined in the shipped default application resource file. Most of them have -already been listed in section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC42">Actions</A>. <CODE>Pcb</CODE> makes use of a nice <CODE>X11</CODE> -feature; calling several action routines for one event. - - -<DL COMPACT> - -<DT><SAMP>`None<Key>BackSpace:'</SAMP> -<DD> -<A NAME="IDX636"></A> - <A NAME="IDX637"></A> - <A NAME="IDX638"></A> - <A NAME="IDX639"></A> - -<DT><SAMP>`None<key>Delete:'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`!Shift<Key>BackSpace:'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`!Shift Ctrl<Btn1Down>:'</SAMP> -<DD> -The object at the cursor location is removed by <EM>None<Key>BackSpace</EM> or -<EM>Shift Ctrl<Btn1Down></EM> whereas <EM>Shift<Key>BackSpace</EM> also removes -all other objects that are fully-connected to the one at the cursor location. - -<A NAME="IDX640"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Left:'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Right:'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Up:'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Down:'</SAMP> -<DD> -Scroll one page in one of the four directions. - -<A NAME="IDX641"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`None<Key>Left:, !Shift<Key>Left:'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`None<Key>Right:, !Shift<Key>Right:'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`None<Key>Up:, !Shift<Key>Up:'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`None<Key>Down:, !Shift<Key>Down:'</SAMP> -<DD> -Move crosshair either one or ten points in grid. - -<A NAME="IDX642"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`None<Key>Return:'</SAMP> -<DD> -Finished user input, selects the 'default' button of dialogs. - -<A NAME="IDX643"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`None<Key>Escape:'</SAMP> -<DD> -<EM>Mode(Reset)</EM>, aborts user input, selects the 'abort' button of -dialogs or resets all modes. - -<A NAME="IDX644"></A> -<A NAME="IDX645"></A> -<A NAME="IDX646"></A> -<A NAME="IDX647"></A> -<A NAME="IDX648"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`None<Btn2Down>, Btn2<Motion>, None<Btn2Up>:'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`!Mod1<Btn2Down>, Btn2<Motion>, !Mod1<Btn2Up>:'</SAMP> -<DD> -The first sequence moves the object or element name at the cursor location. -The second one copies the objects. Copying isn't available for -element names. - -</DL> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX649"></A> -<A NAME="IDX650"></A> - - -<H1><A NAME="SEC44" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC44">File Formats</A></H1> -<P> -All files used by <CODE>Pcb</CODE> are read from the standard output of a command -or written to the standard input of one as plain seven bit <CODE>ASCII</CODE>. This -makes it possible to use any editor to change the contents of a layout file. -It is the only way for element or font description files to be created. -To do so you'll need to study the example files <TT>`example/*'</TT> and -<TT>`default_font'</TT> which are shipped with <CODE>Pcb</CODE>. -For an overview refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC3">Introduction</A>. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX651"></A> -<A NAME="IDX652"></A> -<A NAME="IDX653"></A> -<A NAME="IDX654"></A> -<A NAME="IDX655"></A> -<A NAME="IDX656"></A> -The following sections provide the necessary information about the syntax of -the files. -Netlist files are not created by <CODE>Pcb</CODE>, but it does use them. For information -on the format of a netlist file see the <EM>:rn</EM>, -section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC36">User Commands</A>. Rat lines are added on the current layer using the current -The commands described allow you to add almost any additional -functionality you may need. Examples are compressed read and write access as -well as archives. The commands themselves are defined by the resources -<EM>elementCommand</EM>, <EM>fileCommand</EM>, <EM>fontCommand</EM>, -<EM>libraryCommand</EM>, <EM>libraryContentsCommand</EM> and <EM>saveCommand</EM>. -Note that the commands are not saved along with the data. -It is considered an advantage to have the layout file contain all necessary -information, independent of any other files. - - -<P> -One thing common to all files is they may include comments, newlines, -and carriage returns at any place except within quoted strings. - - - -<UL> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC45">Basic Types</A>: Basic types used by all data files. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC46">Layout File</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC47">Element File</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC48">Font File</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC49">Library Contents File</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC50">Library File</A> -</UL> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX657"></A> -<A NAME="IDX658"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC45" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC45">Basic Types</A></H2> -<P> -Here are the basic type definitions used in the other sections of this -chapter. - - - -<PRE> -Description = Name -DeltaAngle = Number -DrillingHole = Number -Flags = Number -FontPosition = Number -Grid = Number -GridOffsetX = Number -GridOffsetY = Number -Group = GroupMember [,GroupMember]... -GroupMember = decimal | [cs] -GroupString = """ Group [:Group]... """ -StyleString = """ Style [:Style]... """ -Height = Number -LayerNumber = Number -LayoutName = Name -Name = quoted_string -Number = decimal | hex -PinNumber = quoted_string -Spacing = Number -StartAngle = Number -SymbolID = Number | charconst -Thickness = Number -TextData = quoted_string -TextFlags = Flags -TextScale = scale -TextX = Number -TextY = Number -Value = Name -Width = Number -X = Number -X1 = Number -X2 = Number -Y = Number -Y1 = Number -Y2 = Number -charconst = "'" <any character> "'" -comment = "#" {<any character up to a newline>}... -decimal = [0-9]+ -direction = [0-3] -hex = 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+ -scale = [1-<positive integer>] -quoted_string = """ <anything except \n and \r> """ -zoom = [0-MAX] -</PRE> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX659"></A> -<A NAME="IDX660"></A> -<A NAME="IDX661"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC46" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC46">Layout File Format</A></H2> -<P> -The layout file describes a complete layout including symbols, vias, -elements and layers with lines, rectangles and text. This is the most -complex file of all. - - - -<PRE> -File = Header Font PCBData -Header = PCBName [GridData] [CursorData] [PCBFlags] [Groups] -PCBName = "PCB(" Name Width Height ")" -GridData = "Grid(" Grid GridOffsetX GridOffsetY ")" -CursorData = "Cursor(" X Y zoom ")" -PCBFlags = "Flags(" Flags ")" -Groups = "Groups(" GroupString ")" -Styles = "Styles(" StyleString ")" -Font = {FontData}... -FontData = {Symbol}... -Symbol = "Symbol(" SymbolID Spacing ")" - "(" {SymbolData}... ")" -SymbolData = {SymbolLine}... -SymbolLine = "SymbolLine(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness ")" -PCBData = {Via | Layer | Element}... - -Via = "Via(" X Y Thickness DrillingHole Name Flags ")" - -Element = "Element(" Flags Description LayoutName Value \ - TextX TextY direction scale TextFlags")" - "(" {ElementData}... [Mark] ")" -ElementData = {ElementLine | Pad | Pin | ElementArc }... -ElementArc = "ElementArc(" X Y Width Height - StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness ")" -ElementLine = "ElementLine(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness ")" -Mark = "Mark(" X Y ")" -Pad = "Pad(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Name PinNumber Flags")" -Pin = "Pin(" X Y Thickness DrillingHole Name PinNumber Flags ")" - -Layer = "Layer(" LayerNumber Name ")" - "(" {LayerData}... ")" -LayerData = {Line | Polygon | Text}... -Line = "Line(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Flags")" -Arc = "Arc(" X Y Width Height StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness Flags")" -Polygon = "Polygon(" Flags ")" \ - "(" {Points}... ")" -Points = "(" X Y ")" -Text = "Text(" X Y direction scale TextData Flags")" -</PRE> - -<DL COMPACT> - -<DT><SAMP>`PCBName'</SAMP> -<DD> -is used to define the layout's name which is independent of its filename. -It is displayed in the lower left corner of the main window. - -<DT><SAMP>`GridData'</SAMP> -<DD> -is optional and is used to save the grid setting and offset which were set -at the time the layout was saved. - -<DT><SAMP>`CursorData'</SAMP> -<DD> -also is an optional parameter to save the last cursor location and zoom value. -The real zoom factor is calculated by scale = 1:(2 power value). - -<DT><SAMP>`PCBFlags'</SAMP> -<DD> -determine how to draw lines and which name of the elements should be -displayed. - -<PRE> - bit 4: do rubberband moves and rotates if set - bit 5: display description of elements if set - bit 6: display unique name of an element if set - bit 7: use absolute grid if set - bit 8: don't clip lines to 45 degrees -</PRE> - -<DT><SAMP>`Groups'</SAMP> -<DD> -Layergroups are saved by using this optional parameter. The only way of -changing them is to use an editor and alter the appropriate line. The -characters <EM>c,s</EM> idenify the component- and solder-side for SMD -objects. - -<DT><SAMP>`Symbol'</SAMP> -<DD> -See the description of font files in this chapter. - -<DT><SAMP>`Via'</SAMP> -<DD> -Vias are always connected to all layers which also means vias are one -logical level ahead of layers. Vias are defined by position, size, name and -by some flags. - -<PRE> - bit 0: always clear - bit 1: always set - bit 2: set if via was found during a connection search - bit 4: set if via is a hole (has no copper annulus) - bit 5: display the vias name - bit 6: via has been selected - bit 12: set if via has octagonal shape - Other bits have special meaning and should not be changed - by the user. See const.h for more information -</PRE> - -<DT><SAMP>`Element'</SAMP> -<DD> -See the description of element files in this chapter. - -<DT><SAMP>`Layer'</SAMP> -<DD> -A layer is the central object from the user's point of view. It holds all -connections and all text objects. Up to 8 may be used individually. -Its number, starting with one, and its name are read as arguments. - -<DL COMPACT> - -<DT><SAMP>`Line'</SAMP> -<DD> -All lines are identified by their start and endpoints together with their -thickness and some flags. They have to fit a 45 degree scheme. - -<PRE> - bit 2: set if line was found during a connection search - bit 4: line is a rat-line - bit 6: line has been selected -</PRE> - -<DT><SAMP>`Polygon'</SAMP> -<DD> -used to fill a larger area with <SAMP>`copper'</SAMP>. The coordinates specify the -corners. The flags are: - -<PRE> - bit 2: set if polygon was found during a connection search - bit 4: polygon is a 1.5 style polygon that automatically clears pins - bit 6: polygon has been selected -</PRE> - -<DT><SAMP>`Text'</SAMP> -<DD> -You may use text objects to add information to your board. An example would -be naming a connector or marking pin one of it. The position marks the -lower left corner of the string which is also a fixpoint for rotations. -Text directions are independent to those of lines. They are counted from -zero to three with a meaning of zero to 270 degree rotations counter-clockwise. -The scaling value is a positive integer which determines a zoom factor in -percent. - -<PRE> - bit 6: the text has been selected - bit 7: the text is on the solder (back) side of the board - bit 10: the text is on the silkscreen layer -</PRE> - -</DL> - -</DL> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX662"></A> -<A NAME="IDX663"></A> -<A NAME="IDX664"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC47" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC47">Element File Format</A></H2> -<P> -Element files are used to describe one component which then may be used -several times within one or more layouts. You will normally split the -file into two parts, one for the pinout and one for the package description. -Using <CODE>m4</CODE> allows you to define pin names as macros in one file and -include a package description file which evaluates the macros. See -the resource <EM>elementCommand</EM> for more information. The pins (and pads) -must appear in squential order in the element file (new in 1.5) so that -pin 1 must be the first PIN(...) in the file. - - -<P> -Doing things this way makes it possible to use one package file for several -different circuits. See the sample files <TT>`dil*'</TT>. - - -<P> -The lowest x and y coordinates of all subobjects of an element are used -as an attachment point for the crosshair cursor of the main window. - - - -<PRE> -File = {Element}... -Element = "Element(" Flags Description LayoutName Value \ - TextX TextY direction scale TextFlags")" - "(" {ElementData}... [Mark] ")" -ElementData = {ElementLine | Pad | Pin | ElementArc }... -ElementArc = "ElementArc(" X Y Width Height - StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness ")" -ElementLine = "ElementLine(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness ")" -Mark = "Mark(" X Y ")" -Pad = "Pad(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Name PinNumber Flags ")" -Pin = "Pin(" X Y Thickness DrillingHole Name PinNumber Flags ")" -</PRE> - -<DL COMPACT> - -<DT><SAMP>`Element'</SAMP> -<DD> -Objects of type element are determined by flags, some names, a canonical -and a layout name as well as a value. Additional fields are text position, -their direction counted from zero to three (n * 90 degrees counter-clockwise) -and element data. - -<DL COMPACT> - -<DT><SAMP>`Flags'</SAMP> -<DD> -The flag field determines the state of an element. -The bit values are: - -<PRE> - bit 4: the element name is hidden - bit 6: element has been selected - bit 7: element is located on the solder side -</PRE> - -<DT><SAMP>`TextFlags'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`scale'</SAMP> -<DD> -<DT><SAMP>`direction'</SAMP> -<DD> -See the description of text object earlier in this chapter. - -<DT><SAMP>`ElementLine'</SAMP> -<DD> -A line is defined by its start and end points and by its size, or width. - -<DT><SAMP>`ElementArc'</SAMP> -<DD> -Defines an arc by its center, width, height, startangle, its length in -degrees and its size. Remember the y axis on the screen grows downwards. - -<DT><SAMP>`Mark'</SAMP> -<DD> -is just a hint to make positioning easier. The crosshair will be positioned -here. Its center is passed as the two arguments. - -<DT><SAMP>`Pad'</SAMP> -<DD> -A pad is very similar to a line except it may not be disconnected from -its element and it has an associated name. -Is is defined by two end point position, size, name and by some flags. - -<PRE> - bit 2: set if pad was found during a connection search - bit 5: display the pads name - bit 6: pad has been selected - bit 7: pad is located on the solder side -</PRE> - -<DT><SAMP>`Pin'</SAMP> -<DD> -A pin is very similar to a via except it may not be disconnected from -its element. - -<PRE> - bit 0: always set - bit 1: always clear - bit 2: set if pin was found during a connection search - bit 3: set if pin is only a mounting hole (no copper annulus) - bit 5: display the pins name - bit 6: pin has been selected - bit 8: pin is drawn as a square - bit 12: set if pin is drawn with an octagonal shape -</PRE> - -</DL> - -</DL> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX665"></A> -<A NAME="IDX666"></A> -<A NAME="IDX667"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC48" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC48">Font File Format</A></H2> -<P> -A number of user defined symbols are called a font. There is only one per -layout. All symbols are made of lines. See the file <TT>`default_font'</TT> -as an example. - - -<P> -The lowest x and y coordinates of all lines of a font are transformed to (0,0). - - - -<PRE> -File = Font -Font = {FontData}... -FontData = {Symbol}... -Symbol = "Symbol(" SymbolID FontPosition ")" - "(" {SymbolData}... ")" -SymbolData = {SymbolLine}... -</PRE> - -<DL COMPACT> - -<DT><SAMP>`Symbol'</SAMP> -<DD> -The two arguments are the <CODE>ASCII</CODE> code of the symbol and its distance to -the next symbol. Undefined symbols are drawn as filled rectangles. -The <CODE>ASCII</CODE> code may be passed as a character constant or as a hexadecimal -value. - -<DL COMPACT> - -<DT><SAMP>`SymbolLine'</SAMP> -<DD> -The symbol data itself is made up of several entries -of type <EM>SymbolLine</EM>. -</DL> - -</DL> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX668"></A> -<A NAME="IDX669"></A> -<A NAME="IDX670"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC49" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC49">Library Contents File Format</A></H2> -<P> -There is nothing like a special library format. The ones that have been -introduced in 1.4.1 just use some nice (and time consuming) fetures of GNU -<CODE>m4</CODE>. The only predefined format is the one of the contents file -which is read during startup. It is made up of two basic line types: - - - -<PRE> -menu entry = "TYPE="name -contents line = template":"package":"value":"description -name = String -template = String -package = String -value = String -description = String -String = <anything except ":", "\n" and "\r"> -</PRE> - -<P> -No leading whitespaces or comments are allowed in this file. If you need -either one, define a command that removes them before loading. Have a look -to the <EM>libraryContentsCommand</EM> resource. - - -<P> -The menu entry will appear in the selection menu at the top and of the -library window. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX671"></A> -<A NAME="IDX672"></A> -<A NAME="IDX673"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC50" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC50">Library File Format</A></H2> -<P> -This section provides an overview about the existing <CODE>m4</CODE> definitions -of the elements. There are basically two different types of files. One -to define element specific data like the pinout, package and so on, the -other to define the values. For example the static RAM circuits 43256 and -62256 are very similar. They therefore share a common definition in the -macro file but are defined with two different value labels. - - -<P> -The macro file entry: - -<PRE> -define(`Description_43256_dil', `SRAM 32Kx8') -define(`Param1_43256_dil', 28) -define(`Param2_43256_dil', 600) -define(`PinList_43256_dil', ``pin1', `pin2', ...') -</PRE> - -<P> -And the list file: - -<PRE> -43256_dil:N:43256:62256 -</PRE> - -<P> -The macro must define a description, the pin list and up to two additional -parameters that are passed to the package definitions. The first one is -the number of pins whereas the second one defines for example the width -of a package. - - -<P> -It is very important to select a unique identifier for each macro. In -the example this would be <EM>43256_dil</EM> which is also the templates name. -It is required by some low-level macros that -<EM>Description_, Param1_, Param2_</EM> and <EM>PinList_</EM> are prepended. - - -<P> -The list file uses a syntax: - -<PRE> -template:package:value[:more values] -</PRE> - -<P> -This means that the shown example will create two element entries with the -sam package and pinout but with different names. - - -<P> -A number of packages are defined in <TT>`common.m4'</TT>. Included are: - - - -<PRE> -DIL packages with suffix D, DW, J, JD, JG, N, NT, P -PLCC -TO3 -generic connectors -DIN 41.612 connectors -zick-zack (SD suffix) -15 pin multiwatt -</PRE> - -<P> -If you are going to start your own library please take care about <CODE>m4</CODE> -functions. Be aware of quoting and so on and, most important check your -additional entry by calling the macro: - - - -<PRE> -CreateObject(`template', `value', `package suffix') -</PRE> - -<P> -If quoting is incorrect an endless loop may occur (broken by a out-of-memory -message). - - -<P> -The scripts in the <TT>`lib'</TT> directory handle the creation of libraries -as well as of their contents files. Querying is also supported. - - -<P> -I know quite well that this description of the library implementation is -not what some out there expect. But in my opinion it's much more useful to -look at the comments and follow the macros step by step. - - - - -<H1><A NAME="SEC51" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC51">Installation and Troubleshooting</A></H1> -<P> -Compiling and installing the package should be straightforward. If any problems -occur, please contact the author (Thomas.Nau@rz.uni-ulm.de) to find -a solution and include it into the next release. - - - -<UL> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC52">compiling</A>: Compiling and installing. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC56">problems</A>: Troubleshooting. -</UL> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX674"></A> -<A NAME="IDX675"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC52" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC52">Compiling and Installing</A></H2> -<P> -This section covers the steps which are necessary to compile the package. - - - -<UL> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC53">config.h</A>: Editing <TT>`config.h'</TT> options. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC54">manuals</A>: Creating the man page, info file and this manual. -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC55">make</A>: Creating the <TT>`Makefile'</TT>, compiling and installing. -</UL> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX676"></A> -<A NAME="IDX677"></A> -<A NAME="IDX678"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC53" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC53">Editing config.h</A></H3> -<P> -Most <CODE>X11</CODE> related options are automatically covered by <CODE>imake</CODE> -which is called from <CODE>xmkmf</CODE>. The ones special to <CODE>Pcb</CODE> -have to be edited in <TT>`config.h'</TT>. -In order of appearance: - - -<DL COMPACT> - -<DT><SAMP>`INFOLIBDIR'</SAMP> -<DD> -<A NAME="IDX679"></A> - -must be set to the directory where your GNU info files are located. - -<A NAME="IDX680"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb'</SAMP> -<DD> -is the path of a directory where the font files will be installed. - -<A NAME="IDX681"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`DEFAULTFONT'</SAMP> -<DD> -the name of the default font file. - -<A NAME="IDX682"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`DEFAULTLIBRARY'</SAMP> -<DD> -the name of the default library. - -<A NAME="IDX683"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`gm4'</SAMP> -<DD> -the name of GNUs m4 version. - -<A NAME="IDX684"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`Mod1'</SAMP> -<DD> -If your window manager has already bound <EM>Mod1</EM> together with some -function keys you may want to change this setting. This is true for HP-VUE. - -<A NAME="IDX685"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`EXTRA_INCLUDES'</SAMP> -<DD> -Some systems do not have the Athena Widget include files in their normal -place as configured by <CODE>X11</CODE>s config files. Define this as follows: - -<PRE> - EXTRA_INCLUDES = -I/usr/openwin/share/include -</PRE> - -This is probably true for Suns which use <CODE>OpenWindows</CODE>. - -<A NAME="IDX686"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`PATCHES'</SAMP> -<DD> -This symbol is passed to the compiler. Use it to define additional compiler -flags. -Add the <EM>-DNEED_STRDUP</EM> flag, if your system does not have a strdup() -library function. - -<A NAME="IDX687"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`HAS_REGEX'</SAMP> -<DD> -Set to <EM>-DHAS_REGEX</EM> if your system supports regular expressions. -This enables the actions <EM>Select(*ByName)</EM>. - -<A NAME="IDX688"></A> -<A NAME="IDX689"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`EXITCALL'</SAMP> -<DD> -The symbol <EM>EXITCALL</EM> should be defined according to the -<EM>call on exit</EM> functions supported by your system. There are three -choices: - -<PRE> - EXITCALL = -DHAS_ATEXIT if atexit() is supported (SYSV) - EXITCALL = -DHAS_ON_EXIT if on_exit() and no atexit() is supported - EXITCALL = if none of them is supported -</PRE> - -Please check your manpages for details. - -<A NAME="IDX690"></A> -<DT><SAMP>`SYS_LIBRARIES'</SAMP> -<DD> -This symbol is used to pass additional libraries to the linker. The only -additional libraries which are used are the math and lex library. - -</DL> - -<P> -If you have to make system dependent changes please include them into a -<EM>#ifdef Architecture</EM> ... <EM>#endif</EM> construct and mail a copy to -the author (Thomas.Nau@rz.uni-ulm.de). - - -<P> -Now run <CODE>xmkmf -a</CODE> which creates the <TT>`Makefiles'</TT> and runs -<CODE>make depend</CODE>. This should finish without any problems except some -systems which complain about missing include files. Don't worry about any -such warnings at this time, the package should compile without any problems. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX691"></A> -<A NAME="IDX692"></A> -<A NAME="IDX693"></A> -<A NAME="IDX694"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC54" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC54">Manuals</A></H3> -<P> -After <CODE>xmkmf -a</CODE> has created the new <TT>`Makefile'</TT> you are able to -create the manpages, the application resource, the info file, the -<CODE>TeX</CODE> output and a reference card by executing - -<PRE> - (cd doc; make) - (cd src; make Pcb.ad) -</PRE> - -<P> -You'll need <CODE>TeX</CODE>, <CODE>texindex</CODE> and, if you want <CODE>PostScript</CODE>, -<CODE>dvips</CODE> to build the manuals. Preformatted documentation for the -default configuration may be found in the <TT>`./doc.ps'</TT> directory. -A simple <EM>make</EM> builds everything. -Generate a printed copy to make your life easier. -<CODE>TeX-3.0</CODE> failed, <CODE>TeX-3.14</CODE> worked just fine. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX695"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC55" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC55">Compiling the Package</A></H3> -<P> -After reaching this point, it is time for <CODE>make</CODE>. It should build -everything without any errors. -If it doesn't refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC56">Troubleshooting</A>. - - -<P> -You have to be root to install the package or at least a user with -the appropriate priveleges in some <CODE>X11</CODE> directories. Set the umask to -<EM>022</EM> or else some files will not be found because the directory isn't -world readable. - - -<P> -If you do not have the appropriate permissions you should run -<TT>`./pcbtest.sh'</TT> in the <TT>`src'</TT> directory to run <CODE>Pcb</CODE> from -the installation directory. - - -<P> -<CODE>make install</CODE> and <CODE>make install.man</CODE> install the program, -the fonts, the application default resource file, all element and package -data as well as the manpage into the <CODE>X11</CODE> directories. -<CODE>make install.info</CODE> does the same for the <CODE>GNU</CODE> info file. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX696"></A> -<A NAME="IDX697"></A> - - -<H2><A NAME="SEC56" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC56">Troubleshooting</A></H2> -<P> -There are some known problems. Most of them are related to -missing parts of a standard <CODE>X11</CODE> distribution. Some others are caused by -third party applications such as <CODE>X</CODE> servers. To make this list more -complete please mail your problems and, if available, solutions to the author. -The mail address may be found at the beginning of this chapter. -In any case, read section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC64">Problems related to X11</A>. - - -<P> -By the way, you <CODE>MUST HAVE AN ANSI COMPILER</CODE> to make <CODE>Pcb</CODE> work. - - -<P> -If the shell script <CODE>create_sed_script.sh</CODE> fails with an error -of <CODE>awk</CODE> check your system for <CODE>nawk</CODE> or get the <CODE>GNU gawk</CODE>. -See the script for details. - - -<P> -Another source of problems are older versions of <CODE>flex</CODE> and <CODE>bison</CODE>. -<CODE>Pcb</CODE> definitely works with <CODE>flex-2.4.7</CODE> and <CODE>bison-1.22</CODE> or -later. The problems will result in a <EM>syntax error</EM> while parsing files. -You will have to add <EM>-lfl</EM> to the SYS_LIBRARIES identifier in -<TT>`Imakefile'</TT>. See also, section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC63">FreeBSD and NetBSD</A>. - - -<P> -The following list gives you just an idea because I'm not able to test -all <CODE>Pcb</CODE> releases on all platforms. - - - -<UL> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC57">HP</A>: Hewlett-Packard series 700 and 800 running HP-UX 10.* -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC58">Sun</A>: Sun, Solaris 2.5 -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC59">SGI</A>: SGI, IRIX 5.3 and 6.* -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC60">DEC Alpha</A>: DEC Alpha, DEC UNIX 3.2c and 4.0 -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC61">SCO</A>: SCO Unix ODT 3.0, PC hardware -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC62">Linux</A>: Linux 0.99pl14 and later -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC63">FreeBSD</A>: FreeBSD, NetBSD ... -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC64">X11</A>: Refers to <CODE>X11R4</CODE>, <CODE>X11R5</CODE>, and <CODE>OpenWindows</CODE> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC65">TeX and Manuals</A>: Problems creating the <TT>`pcb.dvi'</TT> -</UL> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX698"></A> -<A NAME="IDX699"></A> -<A NAME="IDX700"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC57" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC57">HP Series 700 and 800</A></H3> -<P> -You have to install several <CODE>X11</CODE> tools (<CODE>imake</CODE>) and include files -or, better, install a complete <CODE>X11R5</CODE> release. Hewlett-Packard doesn't -support the Athena Widgets. So the header files and libraries are missing -from the application media, but they are available as a patch. -They also do not ship the <CODE>ANSI</CODE> compiler with the normal operating -system release so you have to buy one or use <CODE>GCC</CODE>. -Some of the tools are available as patches. - - -<P> -In addition, <CODE>Pcb</CODE> has been successfully tested on these platforms with -<CODE>HPUX 9.*, 10.*</CODE> running self-compiled <CODE>X11R5</CODE>. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX701"></A> -<A NAME="IDX702"></A> -<A NAME="IDX703"></A> -<A NAME="IDX704"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC58" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC58">Sun SPARC architecture</A></H3> -<P> -There are no known problems with Sun machines if they use <CODE>X11R5</CODE> instead -of <CODE>OpenWindows</CODE>. <CODE>Pcb</CODE> compiled successfully with all kinds of -SPARCstations <CODE>Solaris-2.[345]</CODE>. - - -<P> -For problems with <CODE>OpenWindows</CODE> refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC64">Problems related to X11</A>. - - -<P> -If <CODE>xmkmf</CODE> is missing, try - -<PRE> - /usr/openwin/bin/imake -DUseInstalled -I/usr/openwin/lib/config - make Makefile - make includes - make depend -</PRE> - -<P> -instead. I got it compiled but the linker complained about missing symbols. -The problem may be related to the mixed <CODE>OpenWindows</CODE> - <CODE>X11R5</CODE> -environment which is installed on the test machine. -Anyway the code was executable and I haven't got a core yet. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX705"></A> -<A NAME="IDX706"></A> -<A NAME="IDX707"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC59" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC59">Silicon Graphics</A></H3> -<P> -<CODE>Pcb</CODE> has been tested on some boxes running either <CODE>IRIX-4.0.5</CODE> or -<CODE>IRIX-5.3</CODE>. The former one uses a <CODE>X11R4</CODE> server. -There are no problems except some additionally needed -compiler flags. For known problems -with <CODE>X11R4</CODE>, see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC64">Problems related to X11</A>. Check <TT>`Imakefile'</TT>, too. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX708"></A> -<A NAME="IDX709"></A> -<A NAME="IDX710"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC60" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC60">DEC Alpha</A></H3> -<P> -<CODE>Pcb</CODE> compiled and runs without problems on <CODE>DEC UNIX V3.2c</CODE> if you -do the following instead of calling <CODE>xmkmf -a</CODE>: - -<PRE> - xmkmf - make Makefiles - make includes - make depend -</PRE> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX711"></A> -<A NAME="IDX712"></A> -<A NAME="IDX713"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC61" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC61">SCO Unix</A></H3> -<P> -John DuBois <spcecdt@deeptht.armory.com> wrote: - -<PRE> -<CODE>SCO-ODT-3.0</CODE> requires the latest version of tls003, the Athena -widget library (available from sosco.sco.com). The main problems -I have encountered are it core dumps fairly often, especially -while loading/dropping elements... -</PRE> - -<P> -I'll see what I am able to do as soon as I have access to an <CODE>SCO</CODE> system. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX714"></A> -<A NAME="IDX715"></A> -<A NAME="IDX716"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC62" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC62">Linux</A></H3> -<P> -Since the <CODE>X11</CODE> version of <CODE>Pcb</CODE> has been developed on a Linux -system here are no known problems. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX717"></A> -<A NAME="IDX718"></A> -<A NAME="IDX719"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC63" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC63">FreeBSD and NetBSD</A></H3> -<P> -If <CODE>Pcb</CODE> complains about syntax errors even in the demo files get -rid of your <CODE>lex</CODE> and <CODE>yacc</CODE> implementation. Replace them by -<CODE>GNU flex</CODE> and <CODE>bison</CODE>. Don't forget to change the SYS_LIBRARIES -in <TT>`Imakefile'</TT> from <EM>-ll</EM> to <EM>-lfl</EM>. You also need to define: - -<PRE> - YACC = bison -y - LEX = flex -</PRE> - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX720"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC64" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC64">Problems related to X11</A></H3> -<P> -There are a some problems related to <CODE>X11R4</CODE> or systems derived from -<CODE>X11</CODE> such as <CODE>OpenWindows</CODE>. See section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC58">Sun SPARC architecture</A>. You at least have to change -all occurances of <EM>baseTranslations</EM> in the resource files to -<EM>translations</EM> if you are using a <CODE>X11R4</CODE> server. Look at the -<CODE>X11R5</CODE> <EM>Intrinsics</EM> manual for details. - - -<P> -The panner widget (print dialog box) appears only in release <CODE>X11R5</CODE> and -later. It really simplifies adjusting the offsets. -With earlier releases the printout will always appear in the center of the -page. - - -<P> -You may have some problems in a mixed <CODE>X11-OpenWindows</CODE> -environment. -If you want to try it anyway you have to add an additional path for -include files and define another symbol in <TT>`Imakefile'</TT>, - -<PRE> - EXTRA_INCLUDES = -I/usr/openwin/include -</PRE> - -<P> -<CODE>Pcb</CODE> has been tested successfully with <CODE>X11R6</CODE> under Linux 1.1.59 -and later. - - -<P> -<A NAME="IDX721"></A> - - -<H3><A NAME="SEC65" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC65">Problems related to TeX</A></H3> -<P> -If your <CODE>TeX</CODE> installation complains about a missing <TT>`texinfo.tex'</TT> -file copy the one included in this release (directory <TT>`doc'</TT> -to your <CODE>TeX</CODE> macro directory. -Note, there are probably newer versions of this file available from some -FTP sites. -<CODE>TeX-3.0</CODE> failed, <CODE>TeX-3.14</CODE> worked just fine. Check our FTP server -<EM>ftp.uni-ulm.de</EM> for ready-to-print versions of the manuals. - - - - -<H1><A NAME="SEC66" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC66">Index of Resources</A></H1> -<P> -Jump to: -<A HREF="#vindex_/">/</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_a">a</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_b">b</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_c">c</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_d">d</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_e">e</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_f">f</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_g">g</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_h">h</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_i">i</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_l">l</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_m">m</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_o">o</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_p">p</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_r">r</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_s">s</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_t">t</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_u">u</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_v">v</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_w">w</A> -- -<A HREF="#vindex_z">z</A> -<P> -<H2><A NAME="vindex_/">/</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX680">/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="vindex_a">a</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A 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HREF="pcb.html#IDX309">elementCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX651">elementCommand</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX372">elementContentsCommand</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX316">elementPath</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX306">elementSelectedColor</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX688">EXITCALL</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX689">EXITCALL</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX685">EXTRA_INCLUDES</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="vindex_f">f</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX185">fileCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX321">fileCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX652">fileCommand</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX328">filePath</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX192">fontCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX333">fontCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX653">fontCommand</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX173">fontFile</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX341">fontFile</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX344">fontPath</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="vindex_g">g</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX683">gm4</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX350">grid</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX353">gridColor</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="vindex_h">h</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX687">HAS_REGEX</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="vindex_i">i</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX679">INFOLIBDIR</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX356">invisibleObjectsColor</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="vindex_l">l</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX359">layerColor</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX200">layerGroups</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX363">layerGroups</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX366">layerName</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX360">layerSelectedColor</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX210">libraryCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX368">libraryCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX654">libraryCommand</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX216">libraryContentsCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX655">libraryContentsCommand</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX204">libraryFilename</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX376">libraryFilename</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX207">libraryPath</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX379">libraryPath</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX383">lineThickness</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="vindex_m">m</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX387">media</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX684">Mod1</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="vindex_o">o</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX391">offLimitColor</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="vindex_p">p</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX686">PATCHES</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX394">pinColor</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX398">pinoutFont0..4</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX224">pinoutNameLength</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX401">pinoutNameLength</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX405">pinoutOffsetX</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX406">pinoutOffsetY</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX408">pinoutTextOffsetX</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX409">pinoutTextOffsetY</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX229">pinoutZoom</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX411">pinoutZoom</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX395">pinSelectedColor</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX414">printCommand</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="vindex_r">r</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX416">raiseLogWindow</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX419">ratCommand</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX422">ratPath</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX233">resetAfterElement</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX425">resetAfterElement</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX238">ringBellWhenFinished</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX428">ringBellWhenFinished</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX242">routeStyle</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX430">routeStyle</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX432">rubberBandMode</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="vindex_s">s</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX259">saveCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX436">saveCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX656">saveCommand</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX250">saveInTMP</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX443">saveInTMP</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX245">saveLastCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX450">saveLastCommand</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX453">shrink</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX266">size</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX456">size</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX459">stipplePolygons</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX690">SYS_LIBRARIES</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="vindex_t">t</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX462">textScale</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="vindex_u">u</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX465">useLogWindow</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="vindex_v">v</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX468">viaColor</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX473">viaDrillingHole</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX469">viaSelectedColor</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX472">viaThickness</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX270">volume</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX477">volume</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="vindex_w">w</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX480">warnColor</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="vindex_z">z</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX483">zoom</A> -</DIR> - - - - -<H1><A NAME="SEC67" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC67">Index of Actions, Commands and Options</A></H1> -<P> -Jump to: -<A HREF="#findex_+">+</A> -- -<A HREF="#findex_-">-</A> -- -<A HREF="#findex_:">:</A> -- -<A HREF="#findex_a">a</A> -- -<A HREF="#findex_b">b</A> -- -<A HREF="#findex_c">c</A> -- -<A HREF="#findex_d">d</A> -- -<A HREF="#findex_e">e</A> -- -<A HREF="#findex_l">l</A> -- -<A HREF="#findex_m">m</A> -- -<A HREF="#findex_n">n</A> -- -<A HREF="#findex_p">p</A> -- -<A HREF="#findex_q">q</A> -- -<A HREF="#findex_r">r</A> -- -<A HREF="#findex_s">s</A> -- -<A HREF="#findex_t">t</A> -- -<A HREF="#findex_u">u</A> -<P> -<H2><A NAME="findex_+">+</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX164">+alldirections</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX235">+reset</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX240">+ring</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX249">+s</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX252">+save</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="findex_-">-</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX163">-alldirections</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX167">-backup</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX172">-c</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX274">-copyright</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX175">-fontfile</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX279">-help</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX179">-lelement</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX186">-lfile</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX199">-lfont</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX203">-lg</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX205">-libname</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX208">-libpath</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX215">-llib</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX220">-llibcont</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX223">-loggeometry</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX225">-pnl</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX232">-pz</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX234">-reset</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX239">-ring</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX243">-rs</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX248">-s</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX251">-save</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX265">-sfile</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX269">-size</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX273">-v</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX276">-version</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="findex_:">:</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX155">:actionCommand()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX131">:l</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX134">:le</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX137">:m</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX142">:q</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX148">:rn</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX145">:s</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX152">:w[q]</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="findex_a">a</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX490">AddRats()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX494">Atomic()</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="findex_b">b</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX497">Bell()</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="findex_c">c</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX500">ChangeDrillSize()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX504">ChangeHole()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX507">ChangeName()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX511">ChangeOctagon()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX515">ChangeSize()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX519">ChangeSquare()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX523">Command()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX526">Connection()</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="findex_d">d</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX533">DeleteRats()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX537">Display()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX551">DRC()</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="findex_e">e</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX554">EditLayerGroups()</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="findex_l">l</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX557">Load()</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="findex_m">m</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX559">MarkCrosshair()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX562">Mode()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX565">MovePointer()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX568">MoveToCurrentLayer()</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="findex_n">n</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX571">New()</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="findex_p">p</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX574">PasteBuffer()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX581">Polygon()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX585">Print()</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="findex_q">q</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX588">Quit()</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="findex_r">r</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX591">Redo()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX594">RemoveSelected()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX597">Report()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX601">RouteStyle()</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="findex_s">s</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX604">Save()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX607">Select()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX610">SetValue()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX617">SwapSides()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX620">SwitchDrawingLayer()</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="findex_t">t</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX623">ToggleHideName()</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="findex_u">u</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX627">Undo()</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX630">Unselect()</A> -</DIR> - - - - -<H1><A NAME="SEC68" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC68">Index of Concepts</A></H1> -<P> -Jump to: -<A HREF="#cindex_/">/</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_a">a</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_b">b</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_c">c</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_d">d</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_e">e</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_f">f</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_g">g</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_h">h</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_i">i</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_k">k</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_l">l</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_m">m</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_n">n</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_o">o</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_p">p</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_q">q</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_r">r</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_s">s</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_t">t</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_u">u</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_v">v</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_x">x</A> -- -<A HREF="#cindex_z">z</A> -<P> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_/">/</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX100">/tmp</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX257">/tmp</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX448">/tmp</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_a">a</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX27">about, command button</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX156">action command</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX485">actions</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX157">Actions, initiating</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX286">alignment</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX111">alignment targets</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX710">Alpha</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX10">arc</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX64">arc, an example</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX698">architecture</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX701">architecture</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX705">architecture</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX708">architecture</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX711">architecture</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX714">architecture</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX650">ASCII files, format of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX1">Atari version</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX496">atomic</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_b">b</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX97">backup</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX166">backup</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX253">backup</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX291">backup</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX444">backup</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX657">basic types</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX499">bell</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX293">bloat</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX87">buffer, an example</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX84">buffer, convert contents to element</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX44">buffer, popup menu</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX575">buffer, selecting a</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX488">button translations</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_c">c</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX327">cat</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX340">cat</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX442">cat</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX538">centering</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX21">change active layer</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX621">change drawing layer</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX509">change object name</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX611">change settings</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX501">change sizes</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX516">change sizes</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX520">change square flag</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX618">change viewing side</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX169">characters per line</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX296">characters per line</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX289">clipping lines to 45 degree</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX550">clipping lines to 45 degree</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX162">clipping of lines</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX584">closing a polygon</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX109">color printout</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX482">color, warning</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX300">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX303">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX307">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX354">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX357">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX361">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX392">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX396">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX470">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX481">colors</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX159">command-line options</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX675">compile, how to</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX676">config.h</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX639">connection, removing an</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX301">connections, colors</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX120">connections, creating list of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX46">connections, popup menu</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX529">connections, reseting</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX236">connections, reseting after element</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX426">connections, reseting after element</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX531">connections, searching for</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX18">control panel</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX648">copy an object</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX580">copying objects</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX90">copying, an example</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX275">copyright</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX56">creating objects</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX304">cursor color</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX567">cursor movements</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX561">cursor position</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX352">cursor steps</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX579">cutting objects</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_d">d</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX709">DEC</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX176">default font</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX342">default font</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX457">default layout size</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX377">default library</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX464">default text scaling</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX634">default translations</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX125">design rule checking</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX552">design rule checking</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX105">device, selecting an output</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX101">directory /tmp</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX258">directory /tmp</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX449">directory /tmp</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX461">display</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX29">display, popup menu</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX30">displaying element names</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX542">displaying element names</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX548">displaying pinout</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX16">displaying status information</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX117">DOS filenames</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX52">drawing objects</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX126">drc</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX294">drc</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX455">drc</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX553">drc</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX600">drill</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX503">drilling hole, changing of objects</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX614">drilling hole, setting of initial size</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX694">DVI format of manual</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_e">e</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX625">element name, hiding</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX626">element name, removing from silk-screen</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX74">element, an example</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX6">element, an overview</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX308">element, color</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX358">element, color</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX180">element, command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX310">element, command</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX82">element, creating a new package</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX31">element, display names of</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX543">element, display names of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX662">element, fileformat</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX181">element, files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX311">element, files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX319">element, files</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX136">element, loading to buffer</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX644">element, move name of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX130">entering user commands</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX54">erasing objects</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX76">example files</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX88">example of buffer handling</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX119">example of connection lists</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX92">example of copying</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX81">example of creating an element</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX75">example of element handling</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX63">example of line handling</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX96">example of loading</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX78">example of loading an element file</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX91">example of moving</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX86">example of pastebuffer handling</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX80">example of pin handling</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX66">example of polygon handling</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX104">example of printing</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX68">example of rectangle handling</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX95">example of saving</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX71">example of text handling</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX73">example of via handling</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX143">exit</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX590">exit</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_f">f</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX664">file format, element data</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX667">file format, font data</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX661">file format, layout data</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX673">file format, libraries</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX670">file format, library contents</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX649">file formats</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX658">file formats, basic types</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX187">file load command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX322">file load command</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX260">file save command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX437">file save command</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX28">file, popup menu</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX193">font command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX334">font command</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX665">font file, format of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX194">font files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX335">font files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX347">font files</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX4">font, an overview</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX399">font, used for pin names</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX663">format of element files</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX666">format of font files</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX660">format of layout files</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX672">format of libraries</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX669">format of library contents</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX717">FreeBSD</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_g">g</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX24">grid</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX284">grid</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX351">grid</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX355">grid color</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX33">grid, absolute and relative</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX544">grid, absolute and relative</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX32">grid, display</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX545">grid, display</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX613">grid, setting of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX202">groups</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX365">groups</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX556">groups, editing of</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_h">h</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX700">Hewlett Packard</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX624">hide element name</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX14">how to start</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX699">HP</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_i">i</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX692">info file</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX599">information about objects</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX17">input-field, position of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX247">inputfield, saving entered command-line</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX452">inputfield, saving entered command-line</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX525">inputfield, start user input</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX674">install, how to</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_k">k</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX487">key translations</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX241">keyboard bell</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX429">keyboard bell</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_l">l</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX622">layer, change active</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX367">layer, name of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX8">layers, an overview</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX20">layers, changing active one</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX362">layers, colors</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX555">layers, editing of groups</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX201">layers, groups</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX364">layers, groups</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX19">layers, switching on/off</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX188">layout files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX261">layout files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX323">layout files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX331">layout files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX438">layout files</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX659">layout files, format of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX147">layout files, saving of</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX154">layout files, saving of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX2">layout objects, an overview</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX268">layout size</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX458">layout, default size of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX133">layout, loading a</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX140">layout, loading to buffer</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX141">layout, merging a</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX586">layout, printing a</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX572">layout, start a new</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX7">layout-name</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX151">layout-name</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX228">length of a pin name</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX404">length of a pin name</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX170">length of outputline</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX211">library command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX369">library command</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX217">library contents command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX373">library contents command</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX668">library contents file, format of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX671">library file, format of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX206">library name</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX378">library name</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX209">library search path</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX382">library searchpath</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX51">library window</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX161">line clipping</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX297">linelength</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX62">lines, an example</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX9">lines, an overview</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX288">lines, clipping to 45 degree</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX549">lines, clipping to 45 degree</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX616">lines, setting of initial size</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX384">lines, size</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX715">Linux</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX298">list of connections</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX218">listing libraries</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX374">listing library contents</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX138">loading a layout to buffer</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX182">loading elements</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX212">loading elements</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX312">loading elements</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX320">loading elements</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX370">loading elements</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX135">loading elements to buffer</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX558">loading files</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX195">loading fonts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX336">loading fonts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX348">loading fonts</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX132">loading layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX189">loading layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX324">loading layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX332">loading layouts</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX196">loading symbols</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX337">loading symbols</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX349">loading symbols</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX93">loading, an example</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX49">log window</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX221">log window</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX417">log window</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX466">log window</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_m">m</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX315">m4</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX77">m4, preprocessing example files</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX695">make</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX678">Makefile</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX691">manuals</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX560">mark</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX388">media</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX389">media margin</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX114">media, size of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX25">menus</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX139">merging layouts</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX50">messages</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX222">messages</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX418">messages</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX467">messages</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX108">mirroring printout</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX22">mode selection</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX563">mode, selecting of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX506">mounting holes</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX433">move</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX647">move an object</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX570">moving objects to current layer</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX89">moving, an example</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_n">n</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX541">name of an element</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX508">name, change an objects</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX226">namelength of pins</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX402">namelength of pins</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX718">NetBSD</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX123">netlist</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX149">netlist</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX421">netlist</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX424">netlist</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX492">netlist</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX536">netlist</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_o">o</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX510">object, change name of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX61">object, changing the size of an</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX646">object, copy an</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX57">object, creating an</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX55">object, drawing and removing</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX645">object, move an</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX59">object, removing an</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX638">object, removing an</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX42">object, selecting an</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX569">objects, moving to current layer</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX36">objects, popup menu</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX514">octagonal pins and vias</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX393">off limit color</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX410">offset of pinnames</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX407">offset of pinout</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX115">offset of printout</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX704">OpenWindows</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX564">operation modes, selecting of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX110">outline printout</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX106">output device</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX171">outputline, length of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX128">overlap, minimum</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_p">p</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX85">pastebuffer, an example</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX83">pastebuffer, convert contents to element</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX45">pastebuffer, popup menu</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX576">pastebuffer, selecting a</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX318">path for element files</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX346">path for font files</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX330">path for layout files</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX381">path for libraries</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX713">PC UNIX</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX716">PC UNIX</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX719">PC UNIX</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX397">pin color</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX227">pin, name of</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX403">pin, name of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX37">pinout of elements</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX547">pinout, display of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX400">pinout, font to display pin names</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX230">pinout, zoomfactor of display</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX412">pinout, zoomfactor of display</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX79">pins, an example</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX512">pins, changing shape of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX566">pointer, moving of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX460">polygon</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX583">polygon point, go back to previous</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX65">polygon, an example</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX11">polygon, an overview</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX582">polygon, closing a</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX26">popping up menus</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX263">postprocessing layout data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX440">postprocessing layout data</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX183">preprocessing element data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX213">preprocessing element data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX313">preprocessing element data</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX197">preprocessing font data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX338">preprocessing font data</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX190">preprocessing layout data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX325">preprocessing layout data</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX99">preventing loss of data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX255">preventing loss of data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX446">preventing loss of data</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX118">print command</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX113">print media</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX390">print media</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX116">print offset</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX415">printing</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX587">printing a layout</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX103">printing, an example</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX696">problems</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_q">q</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX144">quit</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX589">quit</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_r">r</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX124">rat-line</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX493">rat-line</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX535">rat-line</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX122">rats nest</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX150">rats nest</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX420">rats nest</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX423">rats nest</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX491">rats nest</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX534">rats nest</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX593">recover</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX629">recover</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX67">rectangle, an example</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX592">redo</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX539">redrawing layout</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX540">refreshing layout</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX277">release, current</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX637">removing connections</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX53">removing objects</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX58">removing objects</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX636">removing objects</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX595">removing selected objects</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX598">report</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX48">report, popup menu</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX237">reseting found connections</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX427">reseting found connections</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX530">reseting found connections</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX281">resources</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX435">rotate</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX578">rotating a buffer</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX107">rotating printout</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX244">routing style</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX431">routing style</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX602">routing style</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX434">rubberband</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX546">rubberband</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_s">s</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX606">saving connections</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX605">saving files</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX532">saving found connections</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX246">saving last entered user command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX451">saving last entered user command</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX98">saving layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX146">saving layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX153">saving layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX254">saving layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX262">saving layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX439">saving layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX445">saving layouts</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX94">saving, an example</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX112">scaling a printout</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX527">scanning connections</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX712">SCO</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX640">scrolling</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX641">scrolling</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX528">searching connections</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX317">searchpath for element files</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX345">searchpath for font files</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX329">searchpath for layout files</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX380">searchpath for libraries</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX596">selected object, removing an</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX41">selected objects, changing size</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX40">selected objects, removing</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX577">selecting a buffer</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX23">selecting a new mode</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX43">selecting objects</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX609">selecting objects</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX608">selection</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX631">selection</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX121">selection, an example</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX39">selection, popup menu</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX707">SGI</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX454">shrink</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX498">signal</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX706">Silicon Graphics</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX267">size of a layout</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX385">size of lines</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX603">size of lines and vias</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX475">size of vias</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX502">sizes, changing of objects</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX517">sizes, changing of objects</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX35">sizes, popup menu</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX703">Solaris</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX127">spacing, minimum</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX271">speaker volume</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX478">speaker volume</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX521">square flag, changing of objects</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX524">start user input</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX573">starting a new layout</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX158">starting <CODE>Pcb</CODE></A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX15">status information</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX70">strings, an example</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX13">strings, an overview</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX702">Sun</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX177">symbols</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX343">symbols</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX3">symbols, an overview</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_t">t</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX102">temporary files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX256">temporary files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX447">temporary files</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX721">TeX, problems</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX693">texinfo file</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX69">text, an example</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX12">text, an overview</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX463">text, default scaling</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX38">text, editing</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX386">thickness of lines</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX60">thickness of objects</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX476">thickness of vias</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX518">thickness, changing of objects</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX522">thickness, changing of objects</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX486">translations</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX633">translations</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX697">troubleshooting</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_u">u</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX628">undo</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX495">undo, multi-action resources</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX47">undo, popup menu</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX184">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX191">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX198">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX214">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX219">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX264">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX314">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX326">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX339">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX371">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX375">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX441">unix command</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX632">unselect objects</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX129">user commands</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX642">user input</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX643">user input</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_v">v</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX278">version, current</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX72">vias, an example</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX5">vias, an overview</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX513">vias, changing shape of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX471">vias, color</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX505">vias, converting to mounting hole</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX615">vias, setting of initial size</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX474">vias, size</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX619">viewing side, changing of</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX272">volume of speaker</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX479">volume of speaker</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_x">x</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX280">X11</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX635">X11 default translations</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX282">X11 resources</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX489">X11 translations</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX720">X11, problems</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX677">xmkmf</A> -</DIR> -<H2><A NAME="cindex_z">z</A></H2> -<DIR> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX484">zoom of drawing window</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX231">zoom of pinout window</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX413">zoom of pinout window</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX34">zoom, setting</A> -<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX612">zoom, setting of</A> -</DIR> - - -<P><HR><P> -This document was generated on 31 August 2000 using -<A HREF="http://wwwinfo.cern.ch/dis/texi2html/">texi2html</A> 1.56k. -</BODY> -</HTML> diff --git a/cad/pcb/files/pcb.info b/cad/pcb/files/pcb.info deleted file mode 100644 index d206463fd1e..00000000000 --- a/cad/pcb/files/pcb.info +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4125 +0,0 @@ -This is Info file pcb.info, produced by Makeinfo version 1.68 from the -input file pcb.texi. - -INFO-DIR-SECTION PCB Layout Tool -START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY -* Pcb: (pcb). PCB Layout Tool. -END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY - - This file documents how to use Pcb, the interactive printed circuit -board layout system for `X11'. - - Copyright (C) 1994,1995,1996 Thomas Nau - - This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify -it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at -your option) any later version. - - This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but -WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -MERCHANT-ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU -General Public License for more details. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Top, Next: Copying, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir) - -Pcb -*** - - This document is a manual for `Pcb', the interactive printed circuit -board layout system for `X11'. - -* Menu: - -* Copying:: `Pcb' is freely redistributable! -* History:: How it all began. -* Intro:: A short description of the basic objects. -* Getting Started:: Introduction to `Pcb'. -* User Commands:: User commands of `Pcb'. -* Command-Line Options:: Calling `Pcb' from a shell. -* X11 Interface:: Action routines, resources and default translation. -* File Formats:: Description of `ASCII' files used by `Pcb'. -* Installation:: Compiling, installing and troubleshooting. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Copying, Next: History, Prev: Top, Up: Top - -Copying -******* - - Copyright (C) 1994,1995,1996,1997 Thomas Nau - - This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify -it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at -your option) any later version. - - This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but -WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -MERCHANT-ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU -General Public License for more details. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: History, Next: Intro, Prev: Copying, Up: Top - -History -******* - - `Pcb' is a handy tool for laying out printed circuit boards. It was -first written for an Atari ST in 1990 and ported to `UNIX' and `X11' in -1994. I never had the intention to create another professional layout -system, but to write a tool which supports people like you who do some -home-developing of hardware. For this reason it has no auto-router nor -auto-placement code. - - The second release 1.2 included menus for the first time. This made -`PCB' easier to use and thus a more important tool. - - Release 1.3 introduced undo for highly-destructive commands, more -straightforward action handling and scalable fonts. Layer-groups were -introduced to group signal-layers together. - - Release 1.4 provided support for add-on device drivers. Two layers -(the solder and the component side) were added to support SMD elements. -The handling of libraries was also improved in 1.4.1. Support for -additional devices like GERBER plotters started in 1.4.4. The undo -feature was expanded and the redo-feature added in 1.4.5. - - Release 1.5 provides support for rats-nest generation from simple net -lists. It also allows for automatic clearances around pins that pierce -a polygon. A variety of other enhancments including a Gerber RS274X -driver and NC drill file generation have also been added. harry eaton -(haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu) was responsible for most of the changes -found in this release. - - Release 1.6 provides automatic screen updates of changed regions. -This should elliminate most of the need for the redraw (r) key. Also -some changes to what order items under the cursor are selected were -made for better consistancy - it is no longer possible to accidentally -move a line or line point that is completely obscured by a polygon -laying over top of it. Larger objects on the upper most layers can be -selected ahead of smaller objects on lower layers. These changes make -operations more intuitive. A new mode of line creation was added that -creates two line on 45 degree angles with a single click. The actual -outline of the prospective line(s) are now shown during line creation. -An arc creation mode was added. Drawn arcs are quarter circles and can -be useful for high frequency controlled impedance lines. (You can have -eighth circle arc if the source is compiled with -DARC45, but be aware -that the ends of such arcs can never intersect a grid point). Two new -flags for pins and vias were created - one indicates that the pin or -via is purely a drill hole and has no copper annulus. You can only -toggle this flag for vias - for elements, it must be an integral part -of the element definition. The other flag controls whether the pad -will be round or octagonal. There is also now a feature for converting -the contents of a buffer into an element. Vias become the pins (or -mounting holes), lines and arcs on the solder layer become silkscreen, -and lines on the component layer become the pads. Action commands -entered via the colon command entry are no longer proceeded with "a ", -just type the command directly. Several bugs have also been fixed. New -ones were probably introduced since extensive changes were made. harry -eaton was responsible for these changes. - - Release 1.6.1 adds the ability to make groups of action commands -bound to a single X11 event to be undone by a single undo. Also a -simple design rule checker was added - it checks for minimum spacing -and overlap rules. Plus many fixes for bugs introduced with the many -changes of 1.6 harry is responsible for these changes too. - - Special thanks goes to: - Bernhard Daeubler (Bernhard.Daeubler@physik.uni-ulm.de) - Harald Daeubler (Harald.Daeubler@physik.uni-ulm.de) - Roland Merk (merk@faw.uni-ulm.de) - Erland Unruh (Erland.Unruh@malmo.trab.se) - Albert John FitzPatrick III (ajf_nylorac@acm.org) - Boerge Strand (borges@ifi.uio.no) - harry eaton (haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu) - Andre M. Hedrick (hedrick@Astro.Dyer.Vanderbilt.Edu) - - who did most of the alpha and beta testing, helped to port `PCB' to - several operating systems and platforms and corrected several typos -in the manuals. In addition to these, many others donated time for -bug-fixing and other important work. Some of them can be identified in -the source code files. Thanks to all of them. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Intro, Next: Getting Started, Prev: History, Up: Top - -Introduction -************ - - Each layout consists of several, mostly independent, objects. This -chapter gives an overview of the object types and their relationship to -each other. For a complete description of how to use `Pcb', refer to -*Note Getting Started::. The layout is generated on-screen on a grid -that has its origin in the upper left corner of the screen. The x -coordinate increases to the right, y increases down to the bottom. All -distances and sizes in `Pcb' are measured in mils (0.001 inch). One -unit on the display grid is one mil in distance on the board. The -sections in this chapter are sorted by the order of appearance of the -objects within a layout file. - -* Menu: - -* Symbol Objects:: Information about fonts and symbols. -* Via Objects:: Vias and pins connect layers. -* Element Objects:: Element, the basic type of circuits. -* Layer Objects:: A `container' for lines, text... -* Line Objects:: -* Arc Objects:: -* Polygon Objects:: -* Text Objects:: Objects to add symbols to your board. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Symbol Objects, Next: Via Objects, Up: Intro - -Symbols -======= - - The top object is the layout itself. It uses a set of symbols that -resides at the first logical level. Each symbol is uniquely identified -by a seven bit `ASCII' code. All layout objects share the same set of -symbols. These symbols are used to form text objects on the silkscreen -and copper layers. Undefined symbols are drawn as filled rectangles. - - Every font file is preprocessed by a user-defined command when it is -loaded. For details see `fontCommand', *Note Resources::. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Via Objects, Next: Element Objects, Prev: Symbol Objects, Up: Intro - -Vias -==== - - Vias are identical to the pins used by elements except that they can -be added or removed individually. The purpose of vias is to provide -connections between different layers. Don't use vias for adding -elements to the layout, even if that seems easier than creating a new -element. Vias are useful for defining arbitrary drill points such as -those used for mounting a board. You can assign a name to a via even -though you probably won't ever want to. Vias reside at the first -logical level; therefore, each via exists on all layers. (*i.e.* blind -vias are not supported) - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Element Objects, Next: Layer Objects, Prev: Via Objects, Up: Intro - -Elements -======== - - Elements represent the components on a board. Elements are loaded -from `ASCII' coded files in a similar manner to the layout file itself. -They are composed of lines and arcs on the silk-screen layer (used to -define the package outline) , pins (or pads for SMD) and three labels -that define the description, the element's layout-name (which also -appears on the silk- screen layer) and its value. Element pins are -contained on the first logical level and so reside on all layers. A -mark is used to position the element with respect to the cursor -cross-hair during pasting. SMD elements use pads instead of pins. -Pads are handled similarly to lines on a layer but they must be oriented -either vertically or horizontally. Pads can have either rounded or -square ends. All parts of an element are treated as one unit. It is -not possible to delete a single pin or break an element into pieces on -the layout. You can resize separate pieces of an element, but doing so -is usually a bad idea. - - Elements are supported by several special layers: *silk*, -*pins/pads* and *far-side*. The *silk* layer shows the package outline -and also holds legend text and element names. The *pins/pads* layer is -used to toggle whether the element's pins and pads are displayed. The -*far-side* layer controls visibility of objects (silkscreen and pads) -that are on the far (*i.e.* not currently viewed) side of the board. - - Every element file is preprocessed by a user-defined command when -the file is read. For details see `elementCommand', *Note Resources::. -`m4', the default value of `elementCommand', allows you to create -libraries for package definitions that are shared by all elements. The -element libraries distributed with `Pcb' expect `m4' or an equivalent -to be the *elementCommand*. - - `Pcb' can create a list of all connections from one (or all) -elements to the others or a list of unconnected pins. It can also -verify the layout connections against a netlist file. The element's -`layout-name' is the name used to identify an element in a netlist file. -The pin numbering for an element is defined by unique strings assigned -to each pin. In addition to the "pin number" string, each pin has a -"name" which describes its function. Previously element pin number was -established by the order of appearance of the pin definitions in the -layout or element file. Since the "number" strings for each pin are a -new feature, if they are absent then the numbering is again established -by the order of pin appearance in the file. In other words, the first -pin appearing in the file is pin one, the next pin is pin two and so on. -Usually the names assigned to pins are simply numbers, but they don't -have to be. It is only necessary that the "number" string for the pin -matches exactly the "number" string in the netlist file. Be aware that -a few of the library parts may still be incorrectly implemented -regarding pin-numbering. All of the DIL (Dual- Inline-Pins) parts are -correct and most of the others are too, but you should verify the pin -numbering of any non-DIL part (use the *Report Menu* to see what `Pcb' -thinks a pin's number is) before using the rats nest feature with a -library part. Hopefully sometime soon someone will volunteer to -cross-check all of the element libraries and make fixes available as -necessary. `Pcb' can also check a layout to see that it meets minimum -spacing and overlap rules. - - You can make your own quick-and-dirty element definitions -graphically now. Simply draw vias for the pins and lines and arcs on a -solder layer for the silkscreen outline. You should name each via with -the pin number. If you want to create a SMD device, draw lines for the -pads on a component side layer (You must draw these in pin number order -since lines can't be named). They must be either horizontal or vertical -or they will not be recognized as pads. Once you are happy with the -geometry, select everything that is to become part of the element, then -choose "cut to buffer" from the menu. Now select "convert buffer to -element" from the menu. Viola'! Afterwards you can make pin one -square (or pads) if you like, and give the element its various names. -Note that the element mark corresponds to the cut position when -everything was put into the buffer. If the vias are not named, then the -pin numbering will correspond to the order in which the vias were -placed. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Layer Objects, Next: Line Objects, Prev: Element Objects, Up: Intro - -Layers -====== - - Every layout consists of several layers that can be used -independently or treated as a group. Layer groups can be used to -logically separate (and color-code) different traces (*e.g.* power and -signal); however, all layers within a group reside on the same physical -copper layer of a board, so using different layers within the same -group won't provide electrical separation where they touch or overlap. -For details, see `layerGroups', *Note Resources::. Each layer is drawn -in a color defined in the resource file (for details see `layerColor', -*Note Resources::) and identified by a name that you can change. -Layers are really just containers for line, polygon, and text objects. -The component and solder layers contain SMD elements as well, but the -file structure doesn't reflect that fact directly. Each layer group -represents a physical layer on the printed circuit board. If you want -to make a four layer board, you'll need to have four layer groups. -Connections between layer groups are established only through element -pins and vias. The relationship between a specific layer and the board -itself is configureable from the `Edit layer groups' option in the -`Objects' menu. The layer groups corresponding to the physical layers -*component-side* and *solder-side* are always defined, and you must map -at least one logical layer to each. Of course, you are not obligated -to put tracks on either of them. SMD-elements always reside on either -the component-side or the solder-side layer group. You can swap which -side of the board you are viewing by pressing *<Key>Tab*. You can -decide which layer group will be the solder side and which will be the -component side. The layers groups just have a name or number -associated with them - where they are sandwiched in the board is left -to the manufacturing processes. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Line Objects, Next: Arc Objects, Prev: Layer Objects, Up: Intro - -Lines -===== - - Lines are used to draw tracks on the pc board. When in the line -mode, each *<Btn1>* press establishes one end of a line. Once the -second point is defined, the line is drawn and a new line started where -the first one ended. You can abondon the new starting point in favor -of another by pressing *Ctrl<Btn1>*. The undo function (*<Key>u*) will -take you back point by point if you use it while in the line mode. New -lines can be restricted to 45 degree angles if desired. You can toggle -this restriction on and off while creating lines by pressing *<Key>.* -(that is the *period* key). If the 45 degree restriction is turned on, -then the *<Key>/* can be used to cylce through three different modes of -45 degree line creation. One mode just creates a single line forced to -the nearest 45 degree vector. The next mode creates two lines from the -start to end points such that the first line leaves the start point at -a 90 degree vector, and the second line enters the end point on a 45 -degree vector. The next mode creates two lines such that the first line -leaves the start point on a 45 degree vector and arrives at the end -point on a 90 degree vector. You can temporarily swap between the last -two modes by holding the shift key down. It is simple to edit a line -type object by breaking it into pieces (insert point mode), moving an -end point (or the whole line) (*<Btn2Down><drag><Btn2Up>*), or changing -the layer it resides on (*<Key>m* moves the line under the pointer to -the active layer). In the case when two line segments meet at exactly -the same point you can delete the intermediate point, otherwise the -delete mode removes an entire line. Feel free to experiment since -`Pcb' will allow you to undo anything that materially affects your work. -If you switch active layers in the midst of placing lines a via will -automatically be placed, when necessary, in order to continue the -connection. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Arc Objects, Next: Polygon Objects, Prev: Line Objects, Up: Into - -Arcs -==== - - With version 1.6 it is possible to draw copper arcs. The arcs are -restricted to be quarter circles. This means they always bend a right -angle. They are very similar to lines otherwise. They are created on -the current layer and have the same thickness that new lines will have. -The various clicks for creating lines work pretty much the same way -for creating arcs. The start point for the arc is at the first *<Btn1>* -position. In order to make the arc curve in the direction desired, -drag the mouse along the tangent line from the starting position -towards the end position. If the grid is too coarse, it may not be -possible to distinguish whether you've moved over then up, or up then -over, so if you can't seem to make the arc go the direction you want, -you should decrease the grid spacing. Alternatively you could drawn -the wrong arc, then rotate and move it where you want. Like the line -tool, after an arc is drawn a new starting point is established at the -end point. Whenever a start point is established by either the line or -arc tools it will be retained if you switch directly between the tools -(e.g. *<Key>F2* for Lines, *<Key>F8* for Arcs. Of course connection -searches, undo and all the other features you'd expect work with arcs -now. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Polygon Objects, Next: Text Objects, Prev: Arc Objects, Up: Intro - -Polygons -======== - - Sometimes it's useful to fill large areas with solid copper. The -way to do this is with polygons. Polygons can be created in either the -polygon mode or the rectangle mode. In the polygon mode, you'll have -to define each corner of the polygon with a mouse click (*<Btn1>*). -When the last point is clicked exactly on top of the starting point, -the polygon is finished. Since this can be hard to do, the -*Shift<Key>p* will enter the final point for you, closing the polygon. -If the 45 degree angle restriction is turned on and you try to close -the polygon when it is not possible, you'll get a warning instead. If -you haven't finished entering a polygon, but want to undo one (or more) -of the points that you've already defined, use the undo command -(*<Key>u*). With the rectangle tool, defining the two opposite corners -is sufficient, but of course the resulting polygon is a rectangle. -Like lines, a polygon can by edited by deleting, inserting and moving -the points that define it. `Pcb' is capable of handling complex -polygons, but using a number of simpler ones improves performance of -the connection tracing code. - - A new feature in version 1.5 of `Pcb' automatically creates clearance -regions around pins and vias that pierce a polygon. This means that they -aren't electrically connected to the polygon unless you add "thermals" -to cross the clearance region. Thermals can be added and removed by -selecting the thermal mode and clicking *<Btn1>* on the pin or via. -Remember that this only creates connections to the polygon on the -active layer. The great advantage to this new polygon behavior is that -simple or complex ground and/or power planes can be easily made with -polygons and seen on the screen. If you don't want this auto-clearance -behavior, or you load a layout created by an earlier version of `Pcb', -the old behavior (shorts to all piercing pins and vias) is available. -A `ChangeSize' operation (*<Key>s*) toggles a polygon between the new -and old polygon/pin behavior. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Text Objects, Prev: Polygon Objects, Up: Intro - -Text -==== - - Text objects should be used to label a layout or to put additional -information on the board, but not to identify elements because elements -have their own labels. Text is always horizontal when first created, -but the rotate mode can align it along 0, 90, 180 and 270 degree angles. -Text can be moved from any layer to the silk-screen layer with a -command in the `selection menu'. Text that is moved to the silk-screen -layer will appear on the solder-side silk-screen if it originating on a -solder-side layer. Otherwise moving it to the silk-screen layer will -put it on the component-side silk-screen. To move text back to a -copper layer from the silk-screen, use the `MoveToCurrentLayer' -(*<Key>m*) command. Text on the far side of the board will -automatically appear mirror-imaged. - - TEXT OBJECTS ON A COPPER LAYER CREATE COPPER LINES BUT THEY ARE NOT -SCANNED FOR CONNECTIONS OR TESTED FOR CREATING SHORTS VS. THE NETLIST. -NEITHER ARE TEXT OBJECTS TESTED AGAINST ANY DESIGN RULES. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Getting Started, Next: User Commands, Prev: Intro, Up: Top - -Getting Started -*************** - - The goal of this chapter is to give you enough information to learn -how `Pcb' works and how to develop your layouts to make the best use of -`Pcb''s features. All event translations (*i.e.* the buttons and keys -you press) refer to the default application resource file shipped with -`Pcb'. There is probably no need to change them unless your window -manager uses some of the button events itself; however, if you *want* -to customize the behavior of `Pcb' then changing the resource file is -usually the best way to do it. - - Get yourself a printout of this chapter and *User Commands*, if you -haven't already done so, and follow the examples. An example layout -may be found in `example/68HC11'. An example illustrating some version -1.5 features is found in `example/LED' along with its corresponding -netlist file `example/LED.NET'. - - Start `Pcb' (the actual command will use all lower-case letters) -without any additional options. If you get the error message: - - can't find default font-symbol-file 'default_font' - - then the font searchpath or filename in the application resource - file is wrong. Be sure that your `m4' program supports searchpaths. -If not, get `GNU m4'. For other messages, see *Note problems::. -Another quick-start is provided by `pcbtest.sh' in the `src' directory. - -* Menu: - -* Application Window:: The elements of the main window. -* Log Window:: The optional logging window -* Library Window:: The circuit selection window -* Drawing and Removing:: -* Moving and Copying:: -* Loading and Saving:: -* Printing:: -* Connection Lists:: How to get a list of all or some connections. -* Selection:: Commands which handle more than one object. -* Rats Nest:: Helps you place and route tracks against a netlist. -* Design Rule Checking:: - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Application Window, Next: Log Window, Up: Getting Started - -The Application Window -====================== - - The main window consists of five areas: the menu at the top, the -control panel in the upper left corner, the mode buttons located below -the control panel, the drawing area to the right of these, and the -status line at the bottom of the window. - -* Menu: - -* Status-line and Input-field:: What is the program configuration. -* Control Panel:: Switch layers on/off; change current one. -* Mode Selectors:: Select an operation mode. -* Drawing Area:: Where the layout is drawn. -* Menu:: - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Status-line and Input-field, Next: Control Panel, Up: Application Window - -The Status-line and Input-field -------------------------------- - - The status-line is located at the bottom edge of the main window. -During normal operation the status information is visible there. When -a selected menu operation requires an additional button click, the -status-line is replaced by a message telling you to position the cursor -and click. When a text input is required, the status-line is replaced -by the Input-field which has a prompt for the typed input. - - The status-line shows, from left to right, the side of the board -that you are viewing (*<Key>Tab* changes this), if an absolute (abs) or -relative (rel) grid is used, if new lines are restricted to 45 degrees, -which type of 45 degree line mode is active, whether rubberband move and -rotate mode is on (R), the current grid values, and the zoom factor. -This information is followed by the line-width, via-size and drilling -hole in mil, text scaling, the active buffer number and the name of the -layout. An asterisk appearing at the left edge indicates the layout has -been modified since the last save. Note that the name of the layout is -not the same thing as the filename of the layout. - - The input-field pops up (temporarily replacing the status-line) -whenever user input is required. Two keys are bound to the input field: -*<Key>Escape* aborts the input, *<Key>Return* finishes it. - - The present cursor position is displayed in the upper right corner -of the window. Normally this position is an absolute coordinate, but -with version 1.5 of `Pcb' you can anchor a marker at the current cursor -location by pressing *Ctrl<Key>m* then the display will read both the -absolute cursor position as well as the difference between it and the -marker. Pressing *Ctrl<Key>m* again turns the marker off. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Control Panel, Next: Mode Selectors, Prev: Status-line and Input-field, Up: Application Window - -The Control Panel ------------------ - - The control panel, located at the left side of the window, is used -to turn on and off the display of layer groups and to select the active -drawing layer. If a layer hasn't been named, the label "*(unknown)*" -is used as the defualt. - - The upper control box is used to switch layers on and off. Click -*<Btn1Down>* on one or more of them. Each click toggles the setting. -The currently active layer can't be switched off. The layout is -refreshed when the pointer reenters the drawing area. This prevents -excessive redrawing when the visibility of several layers is changed. -When the layers are grouped, clicking on these fields will toggle the -visibility of all layers in the same group. This is a good idea because -layers in the same group reside on the same physical layer of the -actual board. Use the `Edit layer groups' option in the `Objects' menu -to change the layer groupings. Grouping layers is only useful for -helping you to color-code signals in your layout. Note that grouping -layers actually reduces the number of different physical layers -available for your board, thus to make an eight layer board, you cannot -group any layers. - - *far side* turns on and off the visibility of elements (including -SMD pads) on the opposite board side, as well as silk screening on that -side. It does not automatically hide the x-ray view of the other copper -layers, these must be turned off separately if desired. Use the *tab* -key to view the entire board from the other side. To see a view of -what the back side of the board will actually look like, make the -solder layer the active layer then press *tab* until the status line -says "solder" on the right, then turn off the visibility of all other -layers except pins/pads, vias, and silk. - - The lower control menu, named *active*, is used to change the active -drawing layer. *<Btn1Down>* pops up a menu to select a one. Each entry -is labeled with the layer's name and drawn in its color. The new -drawing layer is automatically made visible. Try changing the active -layer's name to *ABC* by selecting `set name of layer' from the `File' -menu. Changing the active layer also is available with *<Key>1..8*. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Mode Selectors, Next: Drawing Area, Prev: Control Panel, Up: Application Window - -The Mode Selectors ------------------- - - The mode selector buttons reside below the control panel. They are -used to select the operation mode of `Pcb'. A mode can be thought of as -a tool that gets used when *<Btn1>* is pressed. Each mode causes the -cursor to take on a unique shape that identifies the tool. The buttons -themselves are icons that illustrate their function. The drawing modes -can also be selected from the keyboard: - *<Key>Escape* reset mode - *<Key>F1* via-mode - *<Key>F2* line-mode - *<Key>F3* pastebuffer-mode - *<Key>F4* rectangle-mode - *<Key>F5* text-mode - *<Key>F6* polygon-mode - *<Key>Insert* insert-point-mode - *<Key>F7* thermal-mode - *<Key>F8* arc-mode - The *<Key>Space* cycles through all of the modes in the mode button -palette. - - Reset-mode is really no mode, and *<Btn1>* has no effect with this -setting. Some of the modes are very simple, such as the via-mode. -Clicking *<Btn1>* while in this mode creates a via at the cross-hair -position. The pastebuffer-mode is similar. With this mode, *<Btn1>* -copies the contents of the active buffer to the layout, but only those -parts that reside on visible layers are copied. The rotate-mode allows -you to rotate elements and text objects 90 degrees counter-clockwise -with each click. The line-mode is explained in detail in *Note Line -Objects::. The arc-mode is explained in detainl in *Note Arc Objects::. -Rectangle-mode, polygon-mode and thermal-mode are explained in detail in -*Note Polygon Objects::. Remember that the thermal-mode will only -create and destroy thermals to polygons on the active layer. - - The insert-point-mode is an editing tool that allows you to add -points into lines or polygons. With version 1.5 of `Pcb', the -insert-point-mode enforces the 45 degree line rule. You can force only -the shorter line segment to 45 degrees by holding the shift key down -while inserting the point. The delete-mode deletes the smallest object -beneath the cursor with each *<Btn1>* click. If you use click at an -end-point that two lines have in common, it will replace the two lines -with a single line spanning the two remaining points. This can be used -to delete an "inserted" point in a line, restoring the previous line. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Drawing Area, Next: Menu, Prev: Mode Selectors, Up: Application Window - -Drawing Area ------------- - - The drawing area is made from a viewport widget that also includes -two scrollbars. The cursor changes shape depending on the current -operation mode when the pointer is moved into the drawing area. A -crosshair follows the X11 pointer with respect to the grid setting. -Move around and watch the cursor position displayed in the upper right -of the window. Now select a new grid from the *Display* menu. The new -value is updated in the statusline. Now move again and watch the -difference. A different way to change the grid is *Shift<Key>g* to -decrease or *<Key>g* to increase it. The grid setting is saved along -with the data when you save a pcb layout. For homemade layouts a value -around 50 is a good setting. The cursor also may be moved with the -cursor keys or, for larger distances, by pressing the *shift* modifier -together with a cursor key. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Menu, Prev: Drawing Area, Up: Application Window - -Menu ----- - - The menus are located at the top of the drawing area. Most, but not -all, of their functions are also available from the keyboard. Some of -the entries such as *center* require a certain cursor position. In -this case a statusline will popup at the bottom with wording similar to -the following: - move pointer to the appropriate screen position and press a button - Any mouse button will do the job, whereas any key except the cursor -keys will cancel the operation. For details see *Note Actions::. - -`About' - There is no menu hiding behind this button, but a small - information box will pop up. - -`File' - This menu offers a choice of loading, saving and printing data, - saving connection information to a file or quitting the - application. You also may change the layout's or the active - layer's name. Selecting *print layout* pops up a printer control - dialog which is, hopefully, self explaining. This box contains a - panner widget (only `X11R5' and later) which simplifies adjusting - the offsets. With earlier releases the printout will always appear - in the upper left corner with respect to the media margins. - - A selection of several device drivers is available from the - printer control dialog. Presently *PostScript*, *encapsulated - PostScript*, and *GerberX* are supported. *GerberD* support may be - forthcoming. It requires a rastering engine that pcb presently - lacks. - -`Display' - The display menu supports the most needed functions related to - screen output. The entries are used to change the grid to some - popular values, the zoom factor, the displayed element name and - also are used to center or refresh the output. You also may - switch grid-displaying on or off and select between absolute grid - (origin at (0,0)) or relative grid (origin at the position where - the grid has been changed). The relative grid position is now - established at the actual pointer position, NOT necessarily the - same as the crosshair position. This allows you to shift the grid - without changing the grid spacing. I recommend that you zoom in - as close as possible before setting a relative grid so that you're - sure the grid lines fall where you want. The clipping to - 45-degree lines is selected in this menu, as well as enabling - rubberband mode (see description of *Mode*). - -`Sizes' - This menu allows you to select a group of line thickness, via - diameter and via drill size (collectively called a "routing - style") to be coppied to the "active" sizes. You can also change - the names given to these styles and adjust their values from this - menu. You can also edit the "active" sizes (the initial size of - new vias, drilling holes, lines, text-objects and the current - maximum size of the layout) from this menu. - -`Objects' - Displaying the pinout of an element and changing its names, the one - that is currently selected by the *Display* menu, as well as - editing a text object is offered by this menu. The latter two - selections require an additional pointer button click at the - object's position. A dialog for changing the layer groupings is - also reached from this menu. - -`Selection' - This menu covers most of the operations that work with selected - objects. You may either (un)select all visible objects of a - layout or only the ones which have been found by the last - connection scan. The mouse can also be used to change which things - are and are not selected: toggle the selection of a single object - by pressing *<Btn3Down>* and releasing without moving the mouse. - Pressing *Mod1<Btn3Down>*, moving and releasing the button selects - all visible objects inside the rectangle. Pressing the modifier - key *Shift* too, unselects all objects in the area. You can delete - all selected objects from this menu, and also move selected text - objects to the silk-screen layer. The other entries change the - sizes of visible and selected objects. - -`Buffer' - This menu handles pastebuffer related actions. You may select one - out of five (per viewing side) buffers to use, rotate or clear its - contents and paste it to the layout. You can also gather objects - in the buffer into an element definition from this menu. Note: - only visible objects are pasted to the layout. - -`Connections' - The entries available through the connections menu button allow - the user to find connections from pins or vias and to manipulate - these. The connection lists may be saved by selecting entries - from the *File* menu. In many cases it is desireable to use the - ratsnest function to check connections against a netlist file - instead of using the connections menu to generate text connection - lists. - -`Undo' - This menu is a frontend for managing the reversing of operations - such as remove, copy, move, name changes, etc. The number of - operations is unlimited (depending on memory). The list is cleared - if new layout data is loaded or by selecting the appropriate entry - from this menu. The inverse operation, redo, is also available. - -`Report' - This menu allows you to generate a dialog that summerizes - information about an object such as sizes and coordinates. You can - also get a report about all of the drills that are used on the - board. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Log Window, Next: Library Window, Prev: Application Window, Up: Getting Started - -Log Window -========== - - This optional window is used to display all kind of messages -including the ones written to *stderr* by external commands. The main -advantage is that its contents are saved in a scrolling list until the -program exits. Disabling this feature by setting the resource -*useLogWindow* to *false* will generate popup windows to display -messages. The *stderr* of external commands will appear on `Pcb's -*stderr* which normally is the parent shell. I suggest you iconify the -window after startup for example by setting **log.iconic* to *true*. If -*raiseLogWindow* is set *true*, the window will deiconify and raise -itself whenever new messages are to be displayed. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Library Window, Next: Drawing and Removing, Prev: Log Window, Up: Getting Started - -Library Window -============== - - First appearing in 1.4.1 the library window is one of the best new -features in my opinion. It simplifies loading circuits quiet a lot just -by selecting the appropriate type from the menu at the top. A circuit -is then selected by simply double-clicking on the text line. For -details on libraries check-out *Note Library File:: and *Note Library -Contents File::. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Drawing and Removing, Next: Moving and Copying, Prev: Library Window, Up: Getting Started - -Drawing and Removing Basic Objects -================================== - - There are several ways of creating new objects: you may draw them -yourself, you may copy an existing object or you may load an element -from a file or library. Creating new objects is normally related to a -special mode depending on the object type. The notation of key and -button events is the same as described in the X11 Intrinsics manual. - - The operation mode may be selected by one of the mode selectors in -the bottom left corner, by one of the function keys listed earlier in -this chapter, or by pressing the space bar to cycle through the modes. -*<Btn1Down>* sends a notify request to the application which responds -by creating or changing the appropriate object or at least takes the -first step to do so. Switching to a mode causes the cursor to take on a -unique shape and also causes the cooresponding mode selector button to -be drawn with thick lines. You can use either cue to see which mode is -currently selected. - - Removing objects is possible using *<Key>BackSpace* (or *<Key>Delete* -on some machines) which deletes the object at the cursor location. If -more than one object is located at the same position, the smallest -matching type will be chosen. If two or more of the same type are the -smallest at the position, then the newest one will be deleted. You -also may change to *remove-mode* and click *<Btn1Down>* at the location -of the objects which are to be removed. If you "remove" the end-point -where two lines connect, it will remove the point of connection leaving -a single line that spans the far end points. - - Rotating works in a similar fashion. Change the mode and press -*<Btn1Down>* at the object's location. Remember only text, elements and -arcs can be rotated. (Anything including groups of objects may be -rotated inside a buffer using the rotate buffer menu option.) - - Insert mode provides the capability of inserting new points into -existing polygons or lines. The 45 degree line clipping is now enforced -when selected. Press and hold the shift key while positioning the new -point to only clip the line segment to the nearer of the two existing -points to 45 degrees. You can also toggle the 45-degree clipping in -the middle of a point insertion by pressing the *<Key>.* If the shift -key is not depressed and the 45 degree line clipping mode is on, both -new line segments must be on 45 degree angles - greatly restricting -where the new point may be placed. In some cases this can cause -confusion as to whether an insertion has been started since the two new -lines may be forced to lie parallel on top of the original line until -the pointer is moved far from the end points. - - Removing objects, changing their size or moving them only applies to -objects that are visible when the command is executed. - -* Menu: - -* Common:: Keystrokes common to some objects. -* Lines:: -* Arcs:: -* Polygons:: Drawing polygons and rectangles. -* Text:: -* Vias:: -* Elements:: -* Pastebuffer:: A multi-purpose buffer. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Common, Next: Lines, Up: Drawing and Removing - - There are several keystrokes and button events refering to an -*object* without identifying its type. Here's a list of them: - - *<Btn1Down>* creates (or deletes) an object depending on the -current mode. - - *<Key>BackSpace* or *<Key>Delete* removes the visible object at the -cursor location. When more than one object exists at the location, the -order of removal is: via, line, text, polygon and element. The drawn -layer order also affects the search - whatever is top - most (except -elements) is affected before lower items. Basically all this means -that what is removed is probably just what you expect. If for some -reason it isn't, undo and try again. Only one object is removed for -each keystroke. If two or more of the same type match, the newest one -is removed. - - Use *<Key>s* and *Shift<Key>s* to change the size (width) of lines, -arcs, text objects, pins, pads and vias, or to toggle the style of -polygons (whether pins and vias automatically have clearances). - - *<Key>n* changes the name of pins, pads, vias, the string of a text -object, or the currently displayed label of an element. - - *<Key>m* moves the line, arc, or polygon under the crosshair to the -active layer if it wasn't on that layer already. - - *<Key>u* (undo) recovers from an unlimited number of operations such -as creating, removing, moving, copying, selecting etc. It works like -you'd expect even if you're in the midst of creating something. - - *Shift<Key>r* restores the last undone operation provided no other -changes have been made since the undo was performed. - - *<Key>tab* changes the board side you are viewing. - - For a complete list of keystrokes and button events see *Note -Translations::. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Lines, Next: Arcs, Prev: Common, Up: Drawing and Removing - -Lines ------ - - To draw new lines you have to be in *line-mode*. Get there either by -selecting it from the *Tool palette* or by pressing *<Key>F2*. Each -successive *notify* event creates a new line. The adjustment to 45 -degree lines is done automatically if it is selected from the *Display* -menu. You can toggle the 45 degree mode setting by pressing the -*<Key>.* (That is the period key). When 45 degree enforcement is turned -on there are three distinct modes of line creation: a single line on -the closest 45 degree vector towards the crosshair (but not necessarily -actually ending at the crosshair), two lines created such that the -first leaves the start point on a 90 degree vector and the second -arrives at the crosshair on a 45 degree vector, and finally two lines -created such that the first leaves the start point on a 45 degree -vector and the second arrives at the crosshair on a 90 degree vector. -These last two modes always connect all the way from the start and end -points, and all lines have angles in 45 degree multiples. The *<Key>/* -cycles through the three modes. The status line shows a text icon to -indicate which of the modes is active and the lines following the -crosshair motion show the outline of the line(s) that will actually be -created. Press *<Key>Escape* to leave line-mode. - - *<Key>l*, *Shift<Key>l* and the entries in the *Sizes* menu change -the initial width of new lines. This width is also displayed in the -status line. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Arcs, Next: Polygons, Prev: Lines, Up: Drawing and Removing - -Arcs ----- - - An Arc is drawn with the *arc-tool*. Get there either by selecting -it from the *Tool palette* or by pressing *<Key>F8*. Press *Btn1* to -define the starting point for the arc. Drag the mouse towards the -desired end point along the path you want the arc to follow. The -outline of the arc that will be created is shown on the screen as you -move the mouse. Arcs are always forced to be 90 degrees and have -symmetrical length and width ( i.e. they are a quarter circle). The -next *Btn1* click creates the arc. It will have the same width as new -lines (displayed in the status line) and appear on the active layer. -The arc leaves the starting point towards the crosshair along the axis -whose distance from the crosshair is largest. Normally this means that -if you drag along the path you want the arc to follow, you'll get what -you want. If the grid is set to the arc radius, then the two distances -will be equal and you won't be able to get all of the possible -directions. If this is thwarting your desires, reduce the grid spacing -(*!Shift<Key>G*) and try again. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Polygons, Next: Text, Prev: Arcs, Up: Drawing and Removing - -Polygons and Rectangles ------------------------ - - A polygon is drawn by defining all of its segments as a series of -consecutive line segments. If the first point matches a new one and if -the number of points is greater than two, then the polygon is closed. -Since matching up with the first point may be difficult, you may use -*Shift<Key>p* to close the polygon. The *Shift<Key>p* won't work if -clipping to 45 degree lines is selected and the final segment cannot -match this condition. I suggest you create simple convex polygons in -order to avoid a strong negative impact on the performance of the -connection scanning routines. The *rectangle-mode* is just an easy way -to generate rectangular polygons. *Polygon-mode* also is selected by -*<Key>F6* whereas *rectangle-mode* uses *<Key>F4*. Pressing a -*<Btn1Down>* at two locations creates a rectangle by defining two of -its corners. *<Key>Insert* brings you to *insert-point-mode* which -lets you add additional points to an already existing polygon. Single -points may be removed by moving the crosshair to them and selecting one -of the delete actions *(remove-mode, BackSpace, or Delete*. This only -works if the remaining polygon will still have three or more corners. -Pressing *<Key>u* or *<Key>p* while entering a new polygon brings you -back to the previous corner. Removing a point does not force clipping -to 45 degree angles (because it's not generally possible). Newly -created polygons will not connect to pins or vias that pierce it unless -you create a thermal (using the thermal mode) to make the connection. -If the edge of a polygon gets too close to a pin or via that lies -outside of it, a warning will be issued and the pin will be given a -special color. Increasing the distance between them will remove the -warning color. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Text, Next: Vias, Prev: Polygons, Up: Drawing and Removing - -Text ----- - - Pressing *<Key>F5* or clicking one of the text selector buttons -changes to *text-mode*. Each successive notify event (*<Btn1Down>*) -pops up the input line at the bottom and queries for a string. Enter -it and press *<Key>Return* to confirm or *<Key>Escape* to abort. The -text object is created with its upper left corner at the current pointer -location. The initial scaling is changed by *<Key>t* and *Shift<Key>t* -or from the *Sizes* menu. - - Now switch to *rotate-mode* and press *<Btn1Down>* at the -text-objects location. Text objects on the solder side of the layout -are automatically mirrored and flipped so that they are seen correctly -when viewing the solder-side. - - Use *<Key>n* to edit the string. - - TEXT OBJECTS ON COPPER LAYERS CREATE COPPER LINES BUT THEY ARE NOT -SCANNED FOR CONNECTIONS. If they are moved to the silkscreen layer, they -no longer create copper. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Vias, Next: Elements, Prev: Text, Up: Drawing and Removing - -Vias ----- - - The initial size of new vias may be changed by *<Key>v* and -*Shift<Key>v* or by selecting the appropriate entry from the *Sizes* -menu. *Mod1<Key>v* and *Mod1 Shift<Key>v* do the same for the drilling -hole of the via. The statusline is updated with the new values. -Creating a via is similar to the other objects. Switch to *via-mode* by -using either the selector button or *<Key>F1* then press *<Key>]* or -*<Btn1Down>* to create one. *<Key>n* changes the name of a via. If you -want to create a mounting hole for your board, then you can place a via -where you want the hole to be then convert the via into a hole. The -conversion is done by pressing *!Ctrl<Key>h* with the crosshair over -the via. Conceptually it is still a via, but it has no copper annulus. -If you create such a hole in the middle of two polygons on different -layers, it will short the layers. Theoretically you could arrange for -such a hole not to be plated, but a metal screw inserted in the hole -would still risk shorting the layers. A good rule is to realize that -holes in the board really are vias between the layers and so place them -where they won't interfere with connectivity. You can convert a hole -back into a normal via with the same keystroke used to convery it in -the first place. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Elements, Next: Pastebuffer, Prev: Vias, Up: Drawing and Removing - -Elements --------- - - Some of the functions related to elements only work if both the -package layer and the pin layer are switched on. - - Now that you're familiar with many of the basic commands, it is time -to put the first element on the layout. First of all, you have to load -data into the paste buffer. There are four ways to do this: - 1) load the data from a library - 2) load the data from a file - 3) copy data from an already existing element - 4) convert objects in the buffer into an element - We don't have any elements on the screen yet nor anything in the -buffer, so we use number one. - - Select *lsi* from the menu in the library window press *<Btn1Down>* -twice at the appropriate text-line to get the MC68030 CPU. The data is -loaded and the mode is switched to *pastebuffer-mode*. Each notify -event now creates one of these beasts. Leave the mode by selecting a -different one or by *<Key>Escape* which resets all modes.. The -crosshair is located at the *mark* position as defined by the data -file. Rotating the buffer contents is done by selecting the *rotate* -entry of the *Buffer* menu or by pressing *Shift<Key>F3*. The contents -of the buffer are valid until new data is loaded into it either by a -cut-to-buffer operation, copy-to-buffer operation or by loading a new -data file. There are 5 buffers available. Switching between them is -done by selecting a menu entry or by *Shift<Key>1..5*. Each of the two -board sides has its own buffers. - - The release includes all data files for the circuits that are used -by the demo layout. The elements in the LED example are not found in -the library, but you can lift them from the example itself if you want. -If you have problems with the color of the crosshair, change the -resource *crosshairColor* setting to a different one. - - Now load a second circuit, the MC68882 FPU for example. Create the -circuit as explained above. You now have two different unnamed -elements. Unnamed means that the layout-name of the element hasn't been -set yet. Selecting *description* from the *Display* menu displays the -description string of the two circuits which are CPU and FPU. The -values of the circuits are set to MC68030 and MC68882. Each of the -names of an element may be changed by *<Key>n* at the elements location -and editing the old name in the bottom input line. Naming pins and vias -is similar to elements. You can hide the element name so that it won't -appear on the board silkscreen by pressing *<key>h* with the cursor -over the element. Doing so again un-hides the element name. - - Entering `:le' and selecting an element data file is the second way -to load circuits. - - The third way to create a new element is to copy an existing one. -Please refer to *Note Moving and Copying::. - - The fourth way to create a new element is to convert a buffer's -contents into an element. Here's how it's done: Select the Via-tool -from the *Tool pallette*. Set the grid spacing to something -appropriate for the element pin spacing. Now create a series of vias -where the pins go. Create them in pin number order. It is often handy -to place a reference point (*!Ctrl<Key>m*) in the center of the first -pin in order to measure the location of the other pins. Next make a -solder-side layer the active layer from the *active-layer* popup menu. -Now draw the outline of the element using lines and arcs. When you're -done, select everything that makes up the element with a box selection -(*<Btn3Down> drag, <Btn3Up>*). Now select "cut selection to buffer" -from the *Buffer* menu. Position the cursor over the center of pin 1 -and press the left button to load the data into the buffer. Finally -select "convert buffer to element" from the *Buffer* menu. You'll only -want to create elements this way if they aren't already in the library. -It's also probably a good idea to do this before starting any of the -other aspects of a layout, but it isn't necessary. - - To display the pinout of a circuit move to it and press *Shift<Key>d* -or select *show pinout* from the *Objects* menu. A new window pops up -and displays the complete pinout of the element. This display can be -difficult to read if the component has been rotated 90 degrees :-( -therefore, the new window will show an un-rotated view so the pin names -are readable. *<Key>d* displays the name of one or all pins/pads -inside the drawing area, this is only for display on-screen, it has no -effect on any printing of the layout. - - You also may want to change a pin's or pad's current size by pressing -*<Key>s* to increase or *Shift<Key>s* to decrease it. While this is -possible, it is not recommended since care was probably taken to define -the element structure in the first place. You can also change the -thickness of the element's silkscreen outline with the same keys. You -can change whether a pin or SMD pad is rounded or square with the -*<Key>q*. SMD pads should usually have squared ends. Finally, you can -change whether the non-square pins are round or octagonal with the -*!Ctrl<Key>o*. - - SMD elements and silkscreen objects are drawn in the "invisible -object" color if they are located on the opposite side of the board. - - For information on element connections refer to *Note Connection -Lists::. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Pastebuffer, Prev: Elements, Up: Drawing and Removing - -Pastebuffer ------------ - - The linestack and element-buffer of former releases have been -replaced by 5 multi-purpose buffers that are selected by -*Shift<Key>1..5*. The status line shows which buffer is the active one. -You may load data from a file or layout into them. Cut-and-paste works -too. If you followed the instructions earlier in this chapter you -should now have several objects on the screen. Move the crosshair to -one of them and press *<Btn3Down>* to toggle its selection flag. (If -you drag the mouse while the button is down, a box selection will be -attempted instead of toggling the selection.) The object is redrawn in -a different color. You also may want to try moving the pointer while -holding the third button down and release it on a different location. -This selects all objects inside the rectangle and unselects everything -else. If you want to add a box selection to an existing selection, -drag with *Mod1<Btn3Down>* instead. Dragging *Shift Mod1<Btn3Down>* -unselects objects in a box. Now change to *pastebuffer-mode* and -select some operations from the *Buffer* menu. Copying objects to the -buffer is available as *Mod1<Key>c* while cutting them uses -*Mod1<Key>x* as shortcut. Both clear the buffer before new data is -added. If you use the menu entries, you have to supply a crosshair -position by pressing a mouse button. The objects are attached to the -pastebuffer relative to that crosshair location. Element data or PCB -data may be merged into an existing layout by loading the datafiles -into the pastebuffer. Both operations are available from the *File* -menu or as user commands. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Moving and Copying, Next: Loading and Saving, Prev: Drawing and Removing, Up: Getting Started - -Moving and Copying -================== - - All objects can be moved including element-names, by *<Btn2Down>*, -draging the pointer while holding the button down and releasing it at -the new location of the object. If you use *Mod1<Btn2Down>* instead, -the object is copied. Copying does not work for element-names of -course. You can move all selected objects with *Shift <Btn1Down>*. -This uses the Pastebuffer, so it will remove whatever was previously in -the Pastebuffer. Please refer to *Note Pastebuffer::. If you want to -give a small nudge to an object, but you don't think that the mouse -will give you the fine level of control that you want, you can position -the cursor over the object, press *<Key>[*, move it with the arrow -keys, then press *<Key>]* when it's at the desired position. Remember -that all movements are forced onto grid coordinates, so you may want to -change the grid spacing first. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Loading and Saving, Next: Printing, Prev: Moving and Copying, Up: Getting Started - -Loading and Saving -================== - - After your first experience with `Pcb' you will probably want to save -your work. `:s name' passes the data to an external program which is -responsible for saving it. For details see *saveCommand* in *Note -Resources::. Saving also is available from the *File* menu, either -with or without supplying a filename. `Pcb' reuses the last filename if -you do not pass a new one to the save routine. - - To load an existing layout either select *load layout data* from the -*File* menu or use `:l filename'. A file select box pops up if you -don't specify a filename. Merging existing layouts into the new one is -supported either by the *File* menu or by `:m filename'. - - `Pcb' saves a backup of the current layout depending on the resource -*backup*. The file is named `/tmp/PCB.%i.backup'. During critical -sections of the program or when data would be lost it is saved as -`/tmp/PCB.%i.save'. *%i* is replaced by the process ID. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Printing, Next: Connection Lists, Prev: Loading and Saving, Up: Getting Started - -Printing -======== - - `Pcb' now has support for device drivers, `PostScript', -*encapsulated PostScript*, and *Gerber X* drivers are available so far. -The *Gerber X* driver generates a NC drill file for automated drilling. -I recommend the use of `GhostScript' if you don't have a `PostScript' -printer for handling the PostScript output. Printing always generates a -complete set of files for a specified driver. See the page about the -*Print()* action for addtional information about the filenames. The -control panel offers a number of options. Most of them are not avilable -for Gerber output because it wouldn't make sense, for example, to -scale the gerber output (you'd get an incorrectly made board!) The -options are: - -`device' - The top menu button selects from the available device drivers. - -`rotate' - Rotate layout 90 degrees counter-clockwise before printing - (default). - -`mirror' - Mirror layout before printing. Use this option depending on your - production line. - -`color' - Created colored output. All colors will be converted to black if - this option is inactive. - -`outline' - Add a board outline to the output file. The size is determined by - the maximum boardsize changeable from the *sizes* menu. The - outline appears on the top and bottom sides of the board, but not - on the internal layers. An outline can be useful for determining - where to shear the board from the panel, but be aware that it - creates a copper line. Thus it has the potential to cause short - circuits if you don't leave enough room from your wiring to the - board edge. Use a viewer to see what the output outline looks like - if you want to know what it looks like. - -`alignment' - Additional alignement targets are added to the output. The - distances between the board outline is set by the resource - *alignmentDistance*. Alignment targets should only be used if you - know for certain that YOU WILL BE USING THEM YOURSELF. It is - extremely unlikely that you will want to have alignment targets if - you send gerber files to a commercial pcb manufacture to be made. - -`scaling' - It's quite useful to enlarge your printout for checking the layout. - Use the scrollbar to adjust the scaling factor to your needs. - -`media' - Select the size of the output media from this menu. The user - defined size may be set by the resource *media* either from one of - the well known paper sizes or by a `X11' geometry specification. - This entry is only available if you use `X11R5' or later. For - earlier releases the user defined size or, if not available, *A4* - is used. Well known size are: - A3 - A4 - A5 - letter - tabloid - ledger - legal - executive - -`offset' - Adjust the offsets of the printout by using the panner at the - right side of the dialog box. This entry is only available if you - use `X11R5' or later. A zero offset is used for earlier releases. - -`8.3 filenames' - Select this button to generate DOS compatible filenames for the - output files. The *command* input area will disappear if selected. - -`commandline' - Use this line to enter a command (starts with `|') or a filename. - A %f is replaced by the current filename. The default is set by - the resource *printCommand*. - - The created file includes some labels which are guaranteed to stay -unchanged -`PCBMIN' - identifies the lowest x and y coordinates in mil. - -`PCBMAX' - identifies the highest x and y coordinates in mil. - -`PCBOFFSET' - is set to the x and y offset in mil. - -`PCBSCALE' - is a floating point value which identifies the scaling factor. - -`PCBSTARTDATA' -`PCBENDDATA' - all layout data is included between these two marks. You may use - them with an `awk' script to produce several printouts on one - piece of paper by duplicating the code and putting some - `translate' commands in front. Note, the normal `PostScript' - units are 1/72 inch. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Connection Lists, Next: Selection, Prev: Printing, Up: Getting Started - -Connection Lists -================ - - After completing parts of your layout you may want to check if all -drawn connections match the ones you have in mind. This is probably -best done in conjunction with a net-list file: see *Note Rats Nest::. -The following examples give more rudimentary ways to examine the -connections. - 1) create at least two elements and name them - 2) create some connections between their pins - 3) optionally add some vias and connections to them - - Now select *lookup connection* from the *Connections* menu, move the -cursor to a pin or via and press any mouse button. `Pcb' will look for -all other pins and/or vias connected to the one you have selected and -display the objects in a different color. Now try some of the reset -options available from the same menu. - - There also is a way to scan all connections of one element. Select -*a single element* from the menu and press any button at the element's -location. All connections of this element will be saved to the -specified file. Either the layout name of the element or its canonical -name is used to identify pins depending on the one which is displayed -on the screen (may be changed by *Display* menu). - - An automatic scan of all elements is initiated by choosing *all -elements*. It behaves in a similar fashion to scanning a single element -except the resource *resetAfterElement* is used to determine if -connections should be reset before a new element is scanned. Doing so -will produce very long lists because the power lines are rescanned for -every element. By default the resource is set to *false* for this -reason. - - To scan for unconnected pins select *unused pins* from the same menu. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Selection, Next: Rats Nest, Prev: Connection Lists, Up: Getting Started - -Selection -========= - - Some commands mentioned earlier in this chapter also are able to -operate on all selected and visible objects. Now go back to the layout -and toggle the selection flag of a single one by *<Btn3Down>*. Try -*<Btn3Down>*, move the pointer while holding the button down and -release it on a different location. This selects all objects inside -the rectangle and unselects everything else. Dragging with -*Mod1<Btn3Down>* adds everything in the box to the existing selection. -Dragging *Shift <Btn3Down>* unselects objects in the box. - - The entries of the *Selection* menu are hopefully self-explanatory. -Many of the *Action Commands* can take various key words that make them -function on all or some of the selected items. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Rats Nest, Next: Design Rule Checking, Prev: Selection, Up: Getting Started - -Rats Nest -========= - - If you have a netlist that corresponds to the layout you are working -on, you can use the rats-nest feature to add rat-lines to the layout. -First you will need to load a netlist file (see *:rn*, *Note User -Commands::). *<Key>w* adds rat-lines on the active layer using the -current line thickness shown in the status line (usually you'll want -them to be thin lines). Only those rat-lines that fill in missing -connectivity (since you have probably routed some connections already) -are added. If the layout is already completely wired, nothing will be -added, and you will get a message that the wiring is complete. - - Rat-lines are lines having the special property that they only -connect to pins and pads at their end points. Rat-lines are drawn on -the screen with a stippled pattern to make them easier to identify -since they have special behavior and cannot remain in a completed -layout. Rat-lines are added in the minimum length straight-line tree -pattern (always ending on pins or pads) that satisfies the missing -connectivity in the circuit. Used in connection with moves and rotates -of the elements, they are extremely useful for deciding where to place -elements on the board. The rat-lines will always automatically -rubberband to the elements whether or not the rubberband mode is on. -The only way for you to move them is by moving the parts they connect -to. This is because it is never desireable to have the rat-lines -disconnected from their element pins. Rat-lines will normally -criss-cross all over which gives rise to the name "rats nest" -describing a layout connected with them. If a SMD pad is unreachable -on the active layer, a warning will be issued about it and the rat-line -to that pad will not be generated. - - A common way to use rats nests is to place some elements on the -board, add the rat-lines, and then use a series of moves/rotates of the -elements until the rats nest appears to have minimum tangling. You may -want to iterate this step several times. Don't worry if the layout -looks messy - as long as you can get a sense for whether the -criss-crossing is better or worse as you move things, you're fine. -After moving some elements arround, you may want to optimize the rats -nest *<Key>o* so that the lines are drawn between the closest points -(this can change once you've moved components). Adding rat-lines only -to selected pads/pins (*Shift<Key>w*) is often useful to layout a -circuit a little bit at a time. Sometimes you'll want to delete all -the rat-lines (*<Key>e*) or selected rat-lines (*Shift<Key>e*) in order -to reduce confusion. With a little practice you'll be able to achieve -a near optimal component placement with the use of a rats nest. - - Rat-lines are not only used for assisting your element placement, -they can also help you to route traces on the board. Use the *<Key>m* -to convert a rat-line under the cursor into a normal line on the active -layer. Inserting a point into a rat-line will also cause the two new -lines to be normal lines on the board. Another way that you can use -rat-lines is to use the *<Key>f* with the cursor over a pad or pin. -All of the pins and pads and rat-lines belonging to that net will be -highlighted. This is a helpful way to distinguish one net from the rest -of the rats nest. You can then route those tracks, turn off the -highlighting (*Shift<Key>f*) and repeat the process. This will work even -if the layer that the rat-lines reside on is made invisible - so only -the pins and pads are highlighted. Be sure to erase the rat-lines -(*<Key>e* erases them all) once you've duplicated their connectivity by -adding your own lines. When in doubt, the *<Key>o* will delete only -those rat-lines that are no longer needed. - - If connections exist on the board that are not listed in the netlist -when *<Key>w* is pressed, warning messages are issued and the affected -pins and pads are drawn in a special *warnColor* until the next -*Notify()* event. If the entire layout agrees completely with the -netlist, a message informs you that the layout is complete and no -rat-lines will be added (since none are needed). If the layout is -complete, but still has rat-lines then you will be warned that -rat-lines remain. If you get no message at all it's probably because -some elements listed in the net list can't be found and where reported -in an earlier message. There shouldn't be any rat-lines left in a -completed layout, only normal lines. - - The *Shift<Key>w* is used to add rat-lines to only those missing -connections among the selected pins and pads. This can be used to add -rat-lines in an incremental manner, or to force a rat-line to route -between two points that are not the closest points within the net. -Often it is best to add the rats nest in an incremental fashion, laying -out a sub-section of the board before going further. This is easy to -accomplish since new rat-lines are never added where routed -connectivity already makes the necessary connections. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Design Rule Checking, Prev: Rats Nest, Up: Getting Started - -Design Rule Checking -==================== - - After you've finished laying out a board, you may want to check to -be certain that none of your interconnections are too closely spaced or -too tenuously touching to be reliably fabricated. The design rule -checking (DRC) function does this for you. Use the command ":DRC()" -(without the quotes of course) to invoke the checker. If there are no -problem areas, you'll get a message to that effect. If any problem is -encountered, you will get a message about it and the affected traces -will be highlighted. One part of the tracks of concern will be -selected, while the other parts of concern will have the -"FindConnection" highlighting. The screen will automatically be -centered in the middle of the object having the "FindConnection" -(Green) highlighting. The middle of the object is also the coordinates -reported to be "near" the problem. The actual trouble region will be -somewhere on the boundary of this object. If the two parts are from -different nets then there is some place where they approach each other -closer than the minimum rule. If the parts are from the same net, then -there is place where they are only barely connected. Find that place -and connect them better. - - After a DRC error is found and corrected you must run the DRC again -because the search for errors is halted as soon as the first problem is -found. Unless you've been extremely careless there should be no more -than a few design rule errors in your layout. The DRC checker does not -check for minimum spacing rules to copper text, so always be very -careful when adding copper text to a layout. The rules for the DRC are -specified in the application resource file. The minimum spacing value -(in mils) is given by the *Settings.Bloat* value. The default is 7 -mils. The minimum touching overlap (in mils) is given by the -*Settings.Shrink* value. This value defaults to 5 mils. Check with your -fabrication process people to determine the values that are right for -you. - - If you want to turn off the highlighting produced by the DRC, -perform an undo (assuming no other changes have been made). To restore -the highlighting, use redo. The redo will restore the highlighting -quickly without re-running the DRC checker. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: User Commands, Next: Command-Line Options, Prev: Getting Started, Up: Top - -User Commands -************* - - The entering of user-commands is initiated by the action routine -*Command()* (the `(":")' character) and finished by either *<Key>Return* -or *<Key>Escape* to confirm or to abort. These two keybindings cannot -be changed from the resource file. The triggering event, normally a -key press, is ignored. The input area will replace the bottom -statusline. It pops up when *Command()* is called. The arguments of the -user-commands are passed to the external commands without modification. -See also, the resource *saveInTMP*. - - There are simple *usage* dialogs for each command and one for the -complete set of commands. - -`l [filename]' - Loads a new datafile (layout) and, if confirmed, overwrites any - existing unsaved data. The filename and the searchpath - (*filePath*) are passed to the command defined by *fileCommand*. - If no filename is specified a file select box will popup. - -`le [filename]' - Loads an element description into the paste buffer. The filename - and the searchpath (*elementPath*) are passed to the command - defined by *elementCommand*. If no filename is specified a file - select box will popup. - -`m [filename]' - Loads an layout file into the paste buffer. The filename and the - searchpath (*filePath*) are passed to the command defined by - *fileCommand*. If no filename is specified a file select box will - popup. - -`q[!]' - Quits the program without saving any data (after confirmation). - q! doesn't ask for confirmation, it just quits. - -`s [filename]' - Data and the filename are passed to the command defined by the - resource *saveCommand*. It must read the layout data from *stdin*. - If no filename is entered, either the last one is used again or, - if it is not available, a file select box will pop up. - -`rn [filename]' - Reads in a netlist file. If no filename is given a file select - box will pop up. The file is read via the command defined by the - *RatCommand* resource. The command must send its output to - *stdout*. The netlist received by pcb must have this simple text - form: - - netname NAME-PINNUM NAME2-PINNUM2 NAME3-PINNUM3 ... [\] - - where "netname" is the name of the net (currently its value is - ignored but it must be present nonetheless), NAME is the - layout-name given to an element, and PINNUM is the (usually - numeric) pin number of the element that is part of the net (see - *Note Element Objects:: for details on pin numbering). Spaces or - tabs separate the fields. If the line ends with a "\" the net - continues on the next line and the "\" is treated exactly as if it - were a space. If the NAME ends with a lower-case letter, all - lower-case letters are stripped from end of the NAME to determine - the matching name-on-board name. For example: - - Data U1-3 U2abc-4 FLOP1a-7 Uabc3-A9 - - would specifiy that pin 3 of U1 be connected to pin 4 of U2, to - pin 7 of FLOP1 and to pin A9 of Uabc3. Note that if pin numbers - contain alphabetic characters, they must match the case contained - in the "number" string defining the pin number on the - cooresponding element. It is up to you to name the elements so - that their layout-names agrees with the netlist. Netlists are - used for generating rats nest (see *Note Rats Nest::) and for - verifying the board layout (which is also accomplished by the - *Ratsnest* command. - -`w[q] [filename]' - These commands have been added for the convenience of `vi' users - and have the same functionality as *s* combined with *q*. - -`actionCommand' - Causes the actionCommand to be executed. This allows you to - initiate actions for which no bindings exist in the resource file. - It can be used to initiate any action with whatever arguments you - enter. This makes it possible to do things that otherwise would - be extremely tedious. For example, to change the drilling hole - diameter of all vias in the layout to 32 mils, you could select - everything using the selection menu, then type - "*:ChangeDrillSize(SelectedVias, 32)*". (This will only work - provided the via's diameter is sufficiently large to accomodate a - 32 mil hole). Another example might be to set the grid to 1 mil - by typing "*:SetValue(Grid, 1)*". Note that some actions use the - current cursor location, so be sure to place the cursor where you - want before entering the command. This is one of my favorite new - features in 1.5 and can be a powerful tool. Study the *Note - Actions:: section to see what actions are available. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Command-Line Options, Next: X11 Interface, Prev: User Commands, Up: Top - -Command-Line Options -******************** - - There are several resources which may be set or reset in addition to -the standard toolkit command-line options. For a complete list refer to -*Note Resources::. - - The synopsis is: - - `pcb [-option ...] [-toolkit_option ...] [layout-file]' - - or - - `pcb -specialoption' - -* Menu: - -* Options:: `Pcb' command-line options. -* Special Options:: Version and copyright information. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Options, Next: Special Options, Up: Command-Line Options - -Options -======= - -`-alldirections/+alldirections' - Disables or enables line clipping to 45 degree angles. Overwrites - the resource *allDirectionLines*. - -`-backup value' - Time between two backups in seconds. Passing zero disables the - backup feature. Overwrites the resource *backupInterval*. - -`-c value' - Number of characters per output line. The resource - *charactersPerLine* is overwritten. - -`-fontfile filename' - The default set of symbols (font) for a new layout is read from - this file. All directories as defined by the resource *fontPath* - are scanned for the file. The scan is only performed if the - filename doesn't contain a directory component. The *fontFile* - resource is changed. - -`-lelement command-line' - Sets the command to be executed when an element is loaded from a - file to the paste buffer. The command may contain %f and %p to - pass the requested filename and the searchpath to the command. It - must write the data to its standard output. The related resource - is *elementCommand*. - -`-lfile command-line' - Sets the command to be executed when a new layout is loaded from a - file. The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested - filename and the searchpath to the command. It must write the data - to its standard output. The related resource is *fileCommand*. - -`-lfont command-line' - Sets the command to be executed when a font is loaded from a file. - The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested filename - and the searchpath to the command. It must write the data to its - standard output. The related resource is *fontCommand*. - -`-lg layergroups' - This option overwrites the resource *layerGroups*. See its - description for more information. The value is used for new - layouts only. - -`-libname filename' - The default filename for the library. Overwrites the resource - *libraryFilename*. - -`-libpath path' - The default search path for the the library. Overwrites the - resource *libraryPath*. - -`-llib command-line' - Sets the command to be executed when an element is loaded from the - library. The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested - filename and the searchpath to the command. %a is replaces by the - three arguments *template*, *value* and *package*. The command - must write the data to its standard output. The related resource - is *libraryCommand*. - -`-llibcont command-line' - The command lists the contents of the library. The command may - contain %f and %p to pass the library filename and the searchpath - to the command. Also refer to *Note Library File:: and *Note - Library Contents File::. The related resource is - *libraryContentsCommand*. - -`-loggeometry geometry' - Determines the geometry of the log window. - -`-pnl value' - Restricts the displayed length of the name of a pin in the pinout - window to the passed value. See also, the resource - *pinoutNameLength*. - -`-pz value' - Sets the zoom factor for the pinout window according to the - formula: scale = 1:(2 power value). The related resource is - *pinoutZoom*. - -`-reset/+reset' - If enabled, all connections are reset after each element is - scanned. This feature is only used while scanning connections to - all elements. See also, *resetAfterElement*. - -`-ring/+ring' - Overrides the resource *ringBellWhenFinished*. If enabled, the bell - sounds when connection searching has finished. - -`-rs string' - Overrides the resource *routeStyle*. The string defines a colon - separated list of route styles. The route styles consist of a - comma separated list of name, line thickness, via diameter, and - via drill size. e.g. - "Fat,50,100,40:Skinny,8,35,20:75Ohm,110,110,20" - -`-s/+s' - Enables/Disables the saving of the previous commandline. Overrides - the *saveLastCommand* resource. - -`-save/+save' - See the resource description of *saveInTMP* for details. - -`-sfile command-line' - Sets the command to be executed when an layout file is saved. The - command may contain %f which is replaced by the filename. The - command must read its data from the standard input. The resource - *saveCommand* is overwritten. - -`-size <width>x<height>' - Overrides the resource *size* which determines the maximum size of - a layout. - -`-v value' - Sets the volume of the X speaker. The value is passed to `XBell()' - and must be in the range -100..100. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Special Options, Prev: Options, Up: Command-Line Options - -Special Options -=============== - - There are some special options available in addition to normal -command line options. Each of these must be the only option specified -on a command line. The available special options are: - -`-copyright' - Prints out the copyright notice and terminates. - -`-version' - Prints out the version ID and terminates. - -`-help' - Prints out the usage message and terminates. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: X11 Interface, Next: File Formats, Prev: Command-Line Options, Up: Top - -X11 Interface -************* - - This chapter gives an overview about the additional `X11' resources -which are defined by `Pcb' as well as the defined action routines. - -* Menu: - -* Resources:: Non-standard `X11' application resources. -* Actions:: A list of available action routines. -* Translations:: A list of the default key translations (as shipped). - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Resources, Next: Actions, Up: X11 Interface - -Non-Standard X11 Application Resources -====================================== - - In addition to the toolkit resources, `Pcb' defines the following -resources: - -`absoluteGrid (boolean)' - Selects if either the grid is relative to the position where it - has changed last or absolute, the default, to the origin (0,0). - -`alignmentDistance (dimension)' - Specifies the distance between the boards outline to the alignment - targets. - -`allDirectionLines (boolean)' - Enables (default) or disables clipping of new lines to 45 degree - angles. - -`backupInterval (int)' - `Pcb' has an automatic backup feature which saves the current data - every n seconds. The default is *300* seconds. A value of zero - disables the feature. The backup file is named - `/tmp/PCB.%i.backup'. *%i* is replaced by the process ID. See - also, the command-line option *-backup*. - -`Bloat (dimension)' - Specifies the minimum spacing design rule in mils. - -`charactersPerLine (int)' - `Pcb' uses this value to determine the page width when creating - lists. N, the number of characters per line, defaults to *80*. - See also, the command-line option *-c*. - -`connectedColor (color)' - All pins, vias, lines and rectangles which are selected during a - connection search are drawn with this color. The default value is - determined by *XtDefaultForeground*. - -`crosshairColor (color)' - This color is used to draw the crosshair cursor. The color is a - result of a *XOR* operation with the contents of the drawing area. - The result also depends on the default colormap of the `X11' - server because only the colormap index is used in the boolean - operation and `Pcb' doesn't create its own colormap. The default - setting is *XtDefaultForeground*. - -`elementColor (color)' -`elementSelectedColor (color)' - The elements package part is drawn in these colors, for normal and - selected mode, respectively, which both default to - *XtDefaultForeground*. - -`elementCommand (string)' - `Pcb' uses a user defined command to read element files. This - resources is used to set the command which is executed by the - users default shell. Two escape sequences are defined to pass the - selected filename (%f) and the current search path (%p). The - command must write the element data to its standard output. The - default value is - M4PATH="%p";export M4PATH;echo 'include(%f)' | m4 - Using the GNU version of `m4' is highly recommended. See also, - the command-line option *-lelement*. - -`elementPath (string)' - A colon separated list of directories or commands (starts with - '|'). The path is passed to the program specified in - *elementCommand* together with the selected elementname. A - specified command will be executed in order to create entries for - the fileselect box. It must write its results to *stdout* one - entry per line. See also, the user-command *le[!]*. - -`fileCommand (string)' - The command is executed by the user's default shell whenever - existing layout files are loaded. Data is read from the command's - standard output. Two escape sequences may be specified to pass - the selected filename (%f) and the current search path (%p). The - default value is: - cat %f - See also, the command-line option *-lfile*. - -`filePath (string)' - A colon separated list of directories or commands (starts with - '|'). The path is passed to the program specified in - *fileCommand* together with the selected filename. A specified - command will be executed in order to create entries for the - fileselect box. It must write its results to *stdout* one entry - per line. See also, the user-command *l[!]*. - -`fontCommand (string)' - Loading new symbol sets also is handled by an external command. - You again may pass the selected filename and the current search - path by passing %f and %p in the command string. Data is read from - the commands standard output. This command defaults to - cat %f - See also, the command-line option *-lfont*. - -`fontFile (string)' - The default font for new layouts is read from this file which is - searched in the directories as defined by the resource *fontPath*. - Searching is only performed if the filename does not contain a - directory component. The default filename is `default_font'. See - also, the command-line option *-fontfile*. - -`fontPath (string)' - This resource, a colon separated list of directories, defines the - searchpath for font files. See also, the resource *fontFile*. - -`grid (int)' - This resources defines the initial value of one cursor step. It - defaults to *100 mil* and any changes are saved together with the - layout data. - -`gridColor (color)' - This color is used to draw the grid. The color is a result of a - *INVERT* operation with the contents of the drawing area. The - result also depends on the default colormap of the `X11' server - because only the colormap index is used in the boolean operation - and `Pcb' doesn't create its own colormap. The default setting is - *XtDefaultForeground*. - -`elementColor (color)' - Elements localted on the opposite side of the board are drawn in - this color. The default is *XtDefaultForeground*. - -`layerColor1..8 (color)' -`layerSelectedColor1..8 (color)' - These resources define the drawing colors of the different layers - in normal and selected state. All values are preset to - *XtDefaultForeground*. - -`layerGroups (string)' - The argument to this resource is a colon separated list of comma - separated layernumbers (1..8). All layers within one group are - switched on/off together. The default setting is *1:2:3:...:8* - which means all layers are handled separatly. Grouping layers one - to three looks like *1,2,3:4:...:8* See also, the command-line - option *-lg*. - -`layerName1..8 (string)' - The default name of the layers in a new layout are determined by - these resources. The defaults are empty strings. - -`libraryCommand (string)' - `Pcb' uses a command to read element data from libraries. The - resources is used to set the command which is executed by the users - default shell. Three escape sequences are defined to pass the - selected filename (%f), the current search path (%p) as well (%a) - as the three parameters *template*, *value* and *package* to the - command. It must write the element data to its standard output. - The default value is - /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb/QueryLibrary.sh %p %f %a - -`libraryContentsCommand (string)' - Similar to *libraryCommand*, `Pcb' uses the command specified by - this resource to list the contents of a library. - /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb/ListLibraryContents.sh %p %f - is the default. - -`libraryFilename (string)' - The resource specifies the name of the library. The default value - is *pcblib*. - -`libraryPath (string)' - A colon separated list of directories that will be passed to the - commands specified by *elementCommand* and - *elementContentsCommand*. - -`lineThickness (dimension)' - The value, int the range [1..250], defines the initial thickness - of new lines. The value is preset to *ten mil*. - -`media (<predefined> | <width>x<height>+-<left_margin>+-<top_margin>)' - The default (user defined) media of the `PostScript' device. - Predefined values are *a3*, *a4*, *a5*, *letter*, *tabloit*, - *ledger*, *legal*, and *executive*. The second way is to specify - the medias width, height and margins in mil. The resource - defaults to *a4* size. - -`offLimitColor (color)' - The area outside the current maximum settings for width and height - is drawn with this color. The default value is determined by - *XtDefaultBackground*. - -`pinColor (color)' -`pinSelectedColor(color)' - This resource defines the drawing color of pins and pads in both - states. The values are preset to *XtDefaultForeground*. - -`pinoutFont (string)' - This fonts are used to display pin names. There is one font for - each zoom value. The values are preset to *XtdefaultFont*. - -`pinoutNameLength (int)' - This resource limits the number of characters which are displayed - for pin names in the pinout window. By default the string length - is limited to *eight* characters per name. See also, the - command-line option *-pnl*. - -`pinoutOffsetX (int)' -`pinoutOffsetY (int)' - These resources determine the offset in *mil* of the circuit from - the upper left corner of the window when displaying pinout - information. Both default to *100 mil*. - -`pinoutTextOffsetX (int)' -`pinoutTextOffsetY (int)' - The resources determine the distance in mil between the drilling - hole of a pin to the location where its name is displayed in the - pinout window. They default to *X:50* and *Y:0*. - -`pinoutZoom (int)' - Sets the zoom factor for the pinout window according to the - formula: scale = 1:(2 power value). Its default value is *two* - which results in a *1:4* scale. See also, the command-line option - *-pz*. - -`printCommand (string)' - Default file for printouts. If the name starts with a '|' the - output is piped through the command. A %f is replaced by the - current filename. There is no default file or command. - -`raiseLogWindow (boolean)' - The log window will be raised when new messages arrive if this - resource is set *true*, the default. - -`ratCommand (string)' - Default command for reading a netlist. A %f is replaced by the - netlist filename. Its default value is "*cat %f*". - -`ratPath (string)' - Default path to look for netlist files. It's default value is "." - -`resetAfterElement (boolean)' - If set to *true*, all found connections will be reset before a new - element is scanned. This will produce long lists when scanning the - whole layout for connections. The resource is set to *false* by - default. The feature is only used while looking up connections of - all elements. See also, the command-line option *-reset, +reset*. - -`ringBellWhenFinished (boolean)' - Whether to ring the bell (the default) when a possibly lengthy - operation has finished or not. See also, the command-line option - *-ring, +ring*. - -`routeStyle (string)' - Default values for the menu of routing styles (seen in the sizes - menu). The string is a comma separated list of name, line - thickness, via diameter, and via drill size. e.g. - "Fat,50,100,40:Skinny,8,35,20:75Ohm,110,110,20" See also, the - command-line option *-rs* and *Sizes Menu* - -`rubberBandMode (boolean)' - Whether rubberband move and rotate (attached lines stretch like - rubberbands) is enabled (the default). - -`saveCommand (string)' - This command is used to save data to a layout file. The filename - may be indicated by placing `%f' in the string. It must read the - data from its standard input. The default command is: - cat - > %f - See also, the command-line option *-sfile*. - -`saveInTMP (boolean)' - Enabling this resource will save all data which would otherwise be - lost in a temporary file `/tmp/PCB.%i.save'. *%i* is replaced by - the process ID. As an example, loading a new layout when the old - one hasn't been saved would use this resource. See also, the - command-line option *-save, +save*. - -`saveLastCommand (boolean)' - Enables the saving of the last entered user command. The option is - *disabled* by default. See also, the command-line option *-s, +s*. - -`Shrink (dimension)' - Specifies the minimum overlap (touching) design rule in mils. - -`size (<width>x<height>)' - Defines the width and height of a new layout. The default is - *7000x5000*. - -`stipllePolygons (boolean)' - Determines whether to display polygons on the screen with a - stippled pattern. Stippling can create some amount of - transperency so that you can still (to some extent) see layers - beneath polygons. It defaults to False. - -`textScale (dimension)' - The font scaling in percent is defined by this resource. The - default is *100* percent. - -`useLogWindow (boolean)' - Several subroutines send messages to the user if an error occurs. - This resource determines if they appear inside the log window or - as a separate dialog box. See also, the resource *raiseLogWindow* - and the command line option *-loggeometry*. The default value is - *true*. - -`viaColor (color)' - -`viaSelectedColor (color)' - This resource defines the drawing color of vias in both states. - The values are preset to *XtDefaultForeground*. - -`viaThickness (dimension)' -`viaDrillingHole (dimension)' - The initial thickness and drilling hole of new vias. The values - must be in the range [30..250] with at least 20 mil of copper. - The default thickness is *40 mil* and the default drilling hole is - *20 mil*. - -`volume (int)' - The value is passed to `XBell()' which sets the volume of the `X' - speaker. The value lies in the range -100..100 and it defaults to - the maximum volume of *100*. - -`warnColor (color)' - This resources defines the color to be used for drawing pins and - pads when a warning has been issued about them. - -`zoom (int)' - The initial value for output scaling is set according to the - following formula: scale = 1:(2 power value). It defaults to - *three* which results in an output scale of *1:8*. - - Refer also to *Note Command-Line Options::. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Actions, Next: Translations, Prev: Resources, Up: X11 Interface - -Actions -======= - - All user accessible commands may be bound to almost any `X' event. -Almost no default binding for commands is done in the binaries, so it -is vital for the application that at least a system-wide application -resource file exists. This file normally resides in the -`X11/lib/app-defaults' directory and is called `Pcb'. The bindings to -which the manual refers to are the ones as defined by the shipped -resource file. Besides binding an action to an X11 event, you can also -execute any action command using a ":" command (see *Note User -Commands::). - - Take special care about translations related to the functions keys -and the pointer buttons because most of the window managers use them -too. Change the file according to your hardware/software environment. -You may have to replace all occurances of *baseTranslations* to -*translations* if you use a `X11R4' server. - - Passing *Object* as an argument to an action routine causes the -object at the cursor location to be changed, removed or whatever. If -more than one object is located at the crosshair position the smallest -type is used. If there are two of the same type the newer one is taken. -*SelectedObjects* will handle all selected and visible objects. - -`AddRats(AllRats|SelectedRats)' - Adds rat-lines to the layout using the loaded netlist file (see - the *:rn*, *Note User Commands::.). Rat lines are added on the - active layer using the current line thickness shown in the status - line. Only missing connectivity is added by the AddRats command - so if, for example, the layout is complete nothing will be added. - Rat lines are drawn on the screen with a stippled pattern to make - them easier to identify since they cannot appear in a completed - layout. The rat-lines are added in the minimum length - straight-line tree pattern (always ending on pins or pads) that - satisfies the missing connectivity in the circuit. If a SMD pad - is unreachable on the active layer, a warning will be issued about - it and the rat-line to that pad will not be generated. If - connections exist on the board which are not listed in the netlist - while AllRats are being added, warning messages will be issued and - the affected pins and pads will be drawn in a special *warnColor* - until the next *Notify()* event. If the entire layout agrees - completely with the net-list a message informs you that the layout - is complete and no rat-lines are added (since none are needed). - If *SelectedRats* is passed as the argument, only those missing - connections that might connect among the selected pins and pads - are drawn. Default: - None<Key>w: AddRats(AllRats) - !Shift<Key>w: AddRats(SelectedRats) - None<Key>o: DeleteRats(AllRats) AddRats(AllRats) - !Shift<Key>o: DeleteRats(SelectedRats) AddRats(SelectedRats) - -`Atomic(Save|Restore|Block|Close)' - Controls the undo grouping of sequences of actions. Before the - first action in a group, Atomic(Save) should be issued. After - each action that might be undoable, Atomic(Restore) should be - issued. Atomic(Block) concludes and save the undo grouping if - there was anything in the group to undo. Atomic(Close) concludes - and save the undo grouping even if nothing was actually done. - Thus it might produce an "empty" undo. This can be useful when - you want to use undo in a group of actions. - -`Bell([-100..100])' - Rings the bell of your display. If no value is passed the setting - of the resource *volume* will be used. - -`ChangeDrillSize(Object, value)' -`ChangeDrillSize(SelectedPins|SelectedVias, value)' - This action routine changes the drilling hole of pins and vias. - If *value* starts with + or -, then it adds (or subtracts) *value* - from the current hole diameter, otherwise it sets the diameter to - the value. Default: - !Mod1<Key>s: Change2ndSize(Object, +5) - !Mod1 Shift<Key>s: Change2ndSize(Object, -5) - -`ChangeHole(Object|SelectedVias)' - This action routine converts a via to and from a hole. A hole is - a via that has no copper annulus. The drill size for the via - determines the hole diameter. - !Ctrl<Key>h: ChangeHole(Object) - -`ChangeName(Object)' -`ChangeName(Layer|Layout)' - Changes the name of the visible object at the cursor location. A - text object doesn't have a name therefore the text string itself - is changed. The element name currently used for display is always - the one changed with this command. See - *Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)* for details. Passing - *Layer* changes the current layers name. Default: - None<Key>n: ChangeName(Object) - -`ChangeOctagon(Object|SelectElements|SelectedPins|SelectedVias|Selected)' - Toggles what shape the affected pin(s) or via(s) will be drawn - when they are not square. The shape will either be round or - octagonal. Default: - !Ctrl<Key>o: ChangeOctagon(Object) - -`ChangeSize(Object, value)' -`ChangeSize(SelectedLines|SelectedPins|SelectedVias, value)' -`ChangeSize(SelectedPads|SelectedTexts|SelectedNames, value)' -`ChangeSize(SelectedElements, value)' - To change the size of an object you have to bind these action to - some `X' event (or use :ChangeSize(...)). If *value* begins with - a + or - then the value will be added (or subtracted) from the - current size, otherwise the size is set equal to *value*. Range - checking is done to insure that none of the maximum/minimums of - any size are violated. If *Object* is passed then a single object - at the cursor location is changed. If any of the *Selected* - arguments are passed then all selected and visible objects of that - type are changed. If the type being modified is an element, then - the thickness of the silkscreen lines defining the element is - changed. Default: - None<Key>s: ChangeSize(Object, +5) - !Shift<Key>s: ChangeSize(Object, -5) - -`ChangeSquare(Object|SelectedElements|SelectedPins)' - Toggles the setting of the square flag. The flag is used to - identify a certain pin, normally the first one, of circuits. It is - also used to make SMD pads have square ends. - None<Key>q: ChangeSquare(Object) - -`Command()' - Calling *Command()* pops up an input line at the bottom of the - window which allows you to enter commands. Including all action - commands! The dialog ends when *None<Key>Return* to confirm or - *None<Key>Escape* to abort is entered. Default: - <Key>colon: Command() - -`Connection(Find)' -`Connection(ResetFoundLinesAndRectangles|ResetPinsViasAndPads|Reset)' - The *Connection()* action is used to mark all connections from one - pin, line or via to others. The *ResetFoundLinesAndRectangles, - ResetFoundPinsAndVias* and *Reset* arguments may be used to reset - all marked lines and rectangles, vias and pins or all of them. The - search starts with the pin or via at the cursor position. All - found objects are drawn with the color defined by the resource - *connectedColor*. See also, - *Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)*. Default: - !Shift<Key>c: Connection(Reset) - None<Key>f: Connection(Find) - !Shift<Key>f: Connection(Reset) - -`DeleteRats(AllRats|SelectedRats)' - This routine deletes either all rat-lines in the layout, or only - the selected and visible ones. Non-rat-lines and other layout - objects are unaffected. Default: - None<Key>e: DeleteRats(AllRats) - !Shift<Key>e: DeleteRats(SelectedRats) - -`Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)' -`Display(Toggle45Degree|CycleClip)' -`Display(Grid|ToggleGrid)' -`Display(ToggleRubberBandMode)' -`Display(Center|ClearAndRedraw|Redraw)' -`Display(Pinout|PinOrPadName)' - This action routines handles some output related settings. It is - used to center the display around the cursor location and to - redraw the output area optionally after clearing the window. - Centering is done with respect to the *grid* setting. Displaying - the grid itself may be switched on and off by *Grid* but only if - the distance between two pixels exceeds 1_DISTANCE pixels. `Pcb' - is able to handle several labels of an element. One of them is a - description of the functionality (eg resistor), the second should - be a unique identifier (R1) whereas the last one is a value (100k). - The *Display()* action selects which of the names is displayed. - It also controls which name will be affected by the *ChangeName* - command. If *ToggleGrid* is passed, `Pcb' changes between relative - ('rel' in the statusline) and absolute grid (an 'abs' in the - statusline). Relative grid means the pointer position when the - command is issued is used as the grid origin; while (0,0) is used - in the absolute grid case. Passing *Pinout* displays the pinout - of the element at the current cursor location whereas - *PinOrPadName* toggles displaying of the pins or pads name under - the cursor. If none of them matches but the cursor is inside of an - element, the flags is toggled for all of its pins and pads. For - details about rubberbands see also the details about *Mode*. - Default: - None<Key>c: Display(Center) - None<Key>d: Display(PinOrPadName) - !Shift<Key>d: Display(Pinout) - None<Key>r: Display(ClearAndRedraw) - None<Key>.: Display(Toggle45Degree) - None<Key>/: Display(CycleClip) - -`DRC()' - Initiates design rule checking of the entire layout. Must be - repeated until no errors are found. - -`EditLayerGroups()' - Pops up a dialog box to edit the layergroup setting. The function - is also available from the *Objects* menu. There are no defaults. - -`Load(ElementToBuffer|Layout|LayoutToBuffer|Nelist)' - This routine pops up a fileselect box to load layout, element data, - or netlist. The passed filename for layout data is saved and may - be reused. *ElementToBuffer* and *LayoutToBuffer* load the data - into the current buffer. There are no defaults. - -`MarkCrosshair()' - This routine marks the current cursor location with an X, and then - the cursor display shows both absolute position and position - relative to the mark. If a mark is already present, this routine - removes it and stops displaying relative cursor coordinates. - Defaults: - !Ctrl<key>m: MarkCrosshair() - -`Mode(Copy|InsertPoint|Line|Move|None|PasteBuffer|Polygon|Thermal)' -`Mode(Remove|Rectangle|RubberbandMove|Text|Via)' -`Mode(Cycle)' -`Mode(Notify)' -`Mode(Save|Restore)' - Switches to a new mode of operation. The active mode is displayed - by a thick line around the matching mode selector button. Most of - the functionality of `Pcb' is implemented by selecting a mode and - calling *Mode(Notify)*. The arguments *Line*, *Polygon*, - *Rectangle*, *Text* and *Via* are used to create the appropriate - object whenever *Mode(Notify)* is called. Some of them, such as - *Polygon*, need more than one call for one object to be created. - *InsertPoint* adds points to existing polygons or lines. *Save* - and *Restore* are used to temporarily save the mode, switch to - another one, call *Mode(Notify)* and restore the saved one. Have a - look at the application resource file for examples. *Copy* and - *Move* modes are used to change an object's location and, - optionally, to create a new one. The first call of *Mode(Notify)* - attaches the object at the pointer location to the crosshair - whereas the second one drops it to the layout. The *rubberband* - version of move performs the move while overriding the current - rubberband mode. Passing *PasteBuffer* attaches the contents of - the currently selected buffer to the crosshair. Each call to - *Mode(Notify)* pastes this contents to the layout. *Mode(Cycle)* - cycles through the modes available in the mode-button pallete. - *Mode(None)* switches all modes off. Default: - <Key>Escape: Mode(None) - <Key>space: Mode(Cycle) - None<Key>BackSpace: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) - None<Key>Delete: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) - None<Key>F1: Mode(Via) - None<Key>F2: Mode(Line) - None<Key>F3: Mode(PasteBuffer) - None<Key>F4: Mode(Rectangle) - None<Key>F5: Mode(Text) - None<Key>F6: Mode(Polygon) - None<Key>F7: Mode(Thermal) - None<Key>F8: Mode(Arc) - None<Key>Insert: Mode(InsertPoint) - None<Key>[: Mode(Save) Mode(Move) Mode(Notify) - None<Key>]: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) - None<Btn1Down>: Mode(Notify) - !Shift Ctrl<Btn1Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) - None<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(Move) Mode(Notify) - None<Btn2Up>: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) - !Mod1<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(Copy) Mode(Notify) - !Mod1<Btn2Up>: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) - Shift Mod1<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(RubberbandMove) Mode(Notify) - -`MovePointer(delta_x, delta_y)' - With this function it is possible to move the crosshair cursor by - using the cursor keys. The `X' server's pointer follows because - the necessary events are generated by `Pcb'. All movements are - performed with respect to the currently set grid value. Default: - None<Key>Up: MovePointer(0, -1) - !Shift<Key>Up: MovePointer(0, -10) - None<Key>Down: MovePointer(0, 1) - !Shift<Key>Down: MovePointer(0, 10) - None<Key>Right: MovePointer(1, 0) - !Shift<Key>Right: MovePointer(10, 0) - None<Key>Left: MovePointer(-1, 0) - !Shift<Key>Left: MovePointer(-10, 0) - -`MoveToCurrentLayer(Object|SelectedObjects)' - The function moves a single object at the crosshair location or - all selected objects to the current layer. Elements are not - moveable by this function. They have to be deleted and replaced - on the other side. If a line segment is moved and the movement - would result in a loss of connectivity to another segment then - via(s) are automatically added to maintain the connectivity. - None<Key>m: MoveToCurrentLayer(Object) - !Shift<Key>m: MoveToCurrentLayer(SelectedObjects) - -`New()' - Clear the current layout and starts a new one after entering its - name. Refer to the resource *backup* for more information. No - defaults. - -`PasteBuffer(AddSelected|Clear|1..5)' -`PasteBuffer(Rotate, 1..3)' -`PasteBuffer(Convert)' - This action routine controls and selects the pastebuffer as well - as all cut-and-paste operations. Passing a buffer number selects - one in of the range 1..5. The statusline is updated with the new - number. *Rotate* performs a number of 90 degree counter clockwise - rotations of the buffer contents. *AddSelected* as first argument - copies all selected and visible objects into the buffer. Passing - *Clear* removes all objects from the currently selected buffer. - *Convert* causes the contents of the buffer (lines, arc, vias) to - be converted into an element definition. Refer to *Note - Pastebuffer:: for examples. Default: - !Ctrl<Key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected) - Mode(PasteBuffer) - !Shift Ctrl<Key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected) - RemoveSelected() Mode(PasteBuffer) - !Mod1<Key>c: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected) - !Mod1<key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected) - RemoveSelected() - !Shift<Key>1: PasteBuffer(1) - !Shift<Key>2: PasteBuffer(2) - !Shift<Key>3: PasteBuffer(3) - !Shift<Key>4: PasteBuffer(4) - !Shift<Key>5: PasteBuffer(5) - None<Key>F3: Mode(PasteBuffer) - -`Polygon((Close|PreviousPoint)' - Polygons need a special action routine to make life easier. Calling - *Polygon(PreviousPoint)* resets the newly entered corner to the - previous one. The Undo action will call Polygon(PreviousPoint) - when appropriate to do so. *Close* creates the final segment of - the polygon. This may fail if clipping to 45 degree lines is - switched on, in which case a warning is issued. Default: - None<Key>p: Polygon(Close) - !Shift<Key>p: Polygon(Close) - -`Print()' - Pops up a print control box that lets you select the output - device, scaling and many more options. Each run creates all files - that are supported by the selected device. These are mask files as - well as drilling files, silk screens and so on. The table shows - the filenames for all possible files: - POSIX (extention) 8.3 filename - --------------------------------------------- - *_componentmask.* cmsk.* - *_componentsilk.* cslk.* - *_soldermask.* smsk.* - *_soldersilk.* sslk.* - *_drill.* dril.* - *_groundplane.* gpl.* - *_group[1..8].* [..8].* - The output may be sent to a postprocessor by starting the filename - with the *pipe* `("|")' character. Any `"%f"' in a command is - replaced with the current filename. The function is available from - the *file* menu. There are no defaults. - -`Quit()' - Quits the application after confirming the operation. Default: - <Message>WM_PROTOCOLS: Quit() - -`Redo()' - This routine allows you to recover from the last undo command. - You might want to do this if you thought that undo was going to - revert something other than what it actually did (in case you are - confused about which operations are un-doable), or if you have - been backing up through a long undo list and over-shoot your - stopping point. Any change that is made since the undo in - question will trim the redo list. For example if you add ten - lines, then undo three of them you could use redo to put them - back, but if you move a line on the board before performing the - redo, you will lose the ability to "redo" the three "undone" lines. - Default: - !Shift<Key>r: Redo() - -`RemoveSelected()' - This routine removes all visible and selected objects. There are - no defaults. - -`Report(Object|DrillReport)' - This routine pops up a dialog box describing the various - characteristics of an object (or piece of an object such as a pad - or pin) in the layout at the cursor position, or a report about - all of the drill holes in the layout. There are no defaults. - -`RouteStyle(1|2|3|4)' - This routine copies the sizes corresponding to the numbered route - style into the active line thicknes, via diameter, and via drill - size. Defaults: - !Ctrl<Key>1: RouteStyle(1) - ... - !Ctrl<Key>4: RouteStyle(4) - -`Save(Layout|LayoutAs)' -`Save(AllConnections|AllUnusedPins|ElementConnections)' - Passing *Layout* saves the layout using the file from which it was - loaded or, if it is a new layout, calls *Save(LayoutAs)* which - queries the user for a filename. The values: *AllConnections*, - *AllUnusedPins* and *ElementConnections* start a connection scan - and save all connections, all unused pins or the connections of a - single element to a file. There are no defaults. - -`Select(All|Block|Connection|ToggleObject)' -`Select(ElementByName|ObjectByName|PadByName|PinByName)' -`Select(TextByName|ViaByName)' - Toggles either the selection flag of the object at the crosshair - position (*ToggleObject*) or selects all visible objects, all - inside a rectangle or all objects which have been found during the - last connection scan. The *ByName* functions use a regular - expression search, always case insensitive, to select the objects. - Default: - None<Btn3Down>: Select(ToggleObject) - None<Btn3Down>,None<Btn3Motion>: See resource file - this is complex - -`SetValue(Grid|LineSize|TextScale|ViaDrillingHole|ViaSize|Zoom, value)' - Some internal values may be changed online by this function. The - first parameter specifies which data has to be changed. The other - one determines if the resource is set to the passed value, if - *value* is specified without sign, or increments/decrements if it - is specified with a plus or minus sign. The function doesn't - change any existing object only the initial values of new objects. - Use the *ChangeSize()* and *ChangeDrillSize()* to change existing - objects. Default: - None<Key>g: SetValue(Grid, +5) - !Shift<Key>g: SetValue(Grid, -5) - None<Key>l: SetValue(LineSize, +5) - !Shift<Key>l: SetValue(LineSize, -5) - None<Key>t: SetValue(TextScale, +10) - !Shift<Key>t: SetValue(TextScale, -10) - None<Key>v: SetValue(ViaSize, +5) - !Shift<Key>v: SetValue(ViaSize, -5) - !Mod1<Key>v: SetValue(ViaDrillingHole, +5) - !Mod1 Shift<Key>v: SetValue(ViaDrillingHole, -5) - None<Key>z: SetValue(Zoom, -1) - !Shift<Key>z: SetValue(Zoom, +1) - -`SwapSides()' - This routine changes the board side you are viewing. Default: - None<Key>Tab: SwapSides() - -`SwitchDrawingLayer(value)' - Makes layer numer 1..8 the current one. Default: - None<Key>1: SwitchDrawingLayer(1) - ... - None<Key>8: SwitchDrawingLayer(8) - -`ToggleHideName(Object|SelectedElements)' - Toggles whether the element's name is displayed or hidden. If it - is hidden you won't see it on the screen and it will not appear on - the silk layer when you print the layout. - None<Key>h: ToggleHideName(Object) - !Shift<Key>h: ToggleHideName(SelectedElements) - -`Undo()' -`Undo(ClearList)' - The unlimited undo feature of `Pcb' allows you to recover from - most operations that materially affect you work. Calling *Undo()* - without any parameter recovers from the last (non-undo) operation. - *ClearList* is used to release the allocated memory. *ClearList* - is called whenever a new layout is started or loaded. See also - *Redo*. Default: - None<Key>u: Undo() - !Shift Ctrl<Key>u: Undo(ClearList) - -`Unselect(All|Block|Connection)' - Unselects all visible objects, all inside a rectangle or all - objects which have been found during the last connection scan. - Default: - !Shift <Btn3Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(None) Unselect(Block) - !Shift <Btn3Up>: Unselect(Block) Mode(Restore) - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Translations, Prev: Actions, Up: X11 Interface - -Default Translations -==================== - - This section covers some default translations of key and button -events as defined in the shipped default application resource file. -Most of them have already been listed in *Note Actions::. `Pcb' makes -use of a nice `X11' feature; calling several action routines for one -event. - -`None<Key>BackSpace:' - -`None<key>Delete:' -`!Shift<Key>BackSpace:' -`!Shift Ctrl<Btn1Down>:' - The object at the cursor location is removed by - *None<Key>BackSpace* or *Shift Ctrl<Btn1Down>* whereas - *Shift<Key>BackSpace* also removes all other objects that are - fully-connected to the one at the cursor location. - -`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Left:' -`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Right:' -`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Up:' -`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Down:' - Scroll one page in one of the four directions. - -`None<Key>Left:, !Shift<Key>Left:' -`None<Key>Right:, !Shift<Key>Right:' -`None<Key>Up:, !Shift<Key>Up:' -`None<Key>Down:, !Shift<Key>Down:' - Move crosshair either one or ten points in grid. - -`None<Key>Return:' - Finished user input, selects the 'default' button of dialogs. - -`None<Key>Escape:' - *Mode(Reset)*, aborts user input, selects the 'abort' button of - dialogs or resets all modes. - -`None<Btn2Down>, Btn2<Motion>, None<Btn2Up>:' -`!Mod1<Btn2Down>, Btn2<Motion>, !Mod1<Btn2Up>:' - The first sequence moves the object or element name at the cursor - location. The second one copies the objects. Copying isn't - available for element names. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: File Formats, Next: Installation, Prev: X11 Interface, Up: Top - -File Formats -************ - - All files used by `Pcb' are read from the standard output of a -command or written to the standard input of one as plain seven bit -`ASCII'. This makes it possible to use any editor to change the -contents of a layout file. It is the only way for element or font -description files to be created. To do so you'll need to study the -example files `example/*' and `default_font' which are shipped with -`Pcb'. For an overview refer to *Note Intro::. - - The following sections provide the necessary information about the -syntax of the files. Netlist files are not created by `Pcb', but it -does use them. For information on the format of a netlist file see the -*:rn*, *Note User Commands::. Rat lines are added on the current layer -using the current The commands described allow you to add almost any -additional functionality you may need. Examples are compressed read and -write access as well as archives. The commands themselves are defined -by the resources *elementCommand*, *fileCommand*, *fontCommand*, -*libraryCommand*, *libraryContentsCommand* and *saveCommand*. Note -that the commands are not saved along with the data. It is considered -an advantage to have the layout file contain all necessary information, -independent of any other files. - - One thing common to all files is they may include comments, newlines, -and carriage returns at any place except within quoted strings. - -* Menu: - -* Basic Types:: Basic types used by all data files. -* Layout File:: -* Element File:: -* Font File:: -* Library Contents File:: -* Library File:: - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Basic Types, Next: Layout File, Up: File Formats - -Basic Types -=========== - - Here are the basic type definitions used in the other sections of -this chapter. - - Description = Name - DeltaAngle = Number - DrillingHole = Number - Flags = Number - FontPosition = Number - Grid = Number - GridOffsetX = Number - GridOffsetY = Number - Group = GroupMember [,GroupMember]... - GroupMember = decimal | [cs] - GroupString = """ Group [:Group]... """ - StyleString = """ Style [:Style]... """ - Height = Number - LayerNumber = Number - LayoutName = Name - Name = quoted_string - Number = decimal | hex - PinNumber = quoted_string - Spacing = Number - StartAngle = Number - SymbolID = Number | charconst - Thickness = Number - TextData = quoted_string - TextFlags = Flags - TextScale = scale - TextX = Number - TextY = Number - Value = Name - Width = Number - X = Number - X1 = Number - X2 = Number - Y = Number - Y1 = Number - Y2 = Number - charconst = "'" <any character> "'" - comment = "#" {<any character up to a newline>}... - decimal = [0-9]+ - direction = [0-3] - hex = 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+ - scale = [1-<positive integer>] - quoted_string = """ <anything except \n and \r> """ - zoom = [0-MAX] - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Layout File, Next: Element File, Prev: Basic Types, Up: File Formats - -Layout File Format -================== - - The layout file describes a complete layout including symbols, vias, -elements and layers with lines, rectangles and text. This is the most -complex file of all. - - File = Header Font PCBData - Header = PCBName [GridData] [CursorData] [PCBFlags] [Groups] - PCBName = "PCB(" Name Width Height ")" - GridData = "Grid(" Grid GridOffsetX GridOffsetY ")" - CursorData = "Cursor(" X Y zoom ")" - PCBFlags = "Flags(" Flags ")" - Groups = "Groups(" GroupString ")" - Styles = "Styles(" StyleString ")" - Font = {FontData}... - FontData = {Symbol}... - Symbol = "Symbol(" SymbolID Spacing ")" - "(" {SymbolData}... ")" - SymbolData = {SymbolLine}... - SymbolLine = "SymbolLine(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness ")" - PCBData = {Via | Layer | Element}... - - Via = "Via(" X Y Thickness DrillingHole Name Flags ")" - - Element = "Element(" Flags Description LayoutName Value \ - TextX TextY direction scale TextFlags")" - "(" {ElementData}... [Mark] ")" - ElementData = {ElementLine | Pad | Pin | ElementArc }... - ElementArc = "ElementArc(" X Y Width Height - StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness ")" - ElementLine = "ElementLine(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness ")" - Mark = "Mark(" X Y ")" - Pad = "Pad(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Name PinNumber Flags")" - Pin = "Pin(" X Y Thickness DrillingHole Name PinNumber Flags ")" - - Layer = "Layer(" LayerNumber Name ")" - "(" {LayerData}... ")" - LayerData = {Line | Polygon | Text}... - Line = "Line(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Flags")" - Arc = "Arc(" X Y Width Height StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness Flags")" - Polygon = "Polygon(" Flags ")" \ - "(" {Points}... ")" - Points = "(" X Y ")" - Text = "Text(" X Y direction scale TextData Flags")" - -`PCBName' - is used to define the layout's name which is independent of its - filename. It is displayed in the lower left corner of the main - window. - -`GridData' - is optional and is used to save the grid setting and offset which - were set at the time the layout was saved. - -`CursorData' - also is an optional parameter to save the last cursor location and - zoom value. The real zoom factor is calculated by scale = 1:(2 - power value). - -`PCBFlags' - determine how to draw lines and which name of the elements should - be displayed. - bit 4: do rubberband moves and rotates if set - bit 5: display description of elements if set - bit 6: display unique name of an element if set - bit 7: use absolute grid if set - bit 8: don't clip lines to 45 degrees - -`Groups' - Layergroups are saved by using this optional parameter. The only - way of changing them is to use an editor and alter the appropriate - line. The characters *c,s* idenify the component- and solder-side - for SMD objects. - -`Symbol' - See the description of font files in this chapter. - -`Via' - Vias are always connected to all layers which also means vias are - one logical level ahead of layers. Vias are defined by position, - size, name and by some flags. - bit 0: always clear - bit 1: always set - bit 2: set if via was found during a connection search - bit 4: set if via is a hole (has no copper annulus) - bit 5: display the vias name - bit 6: via has been selected - bit 12: set if via has octagonal shape - Other bits have special meaning and should not be changed - by the user. See const.h for more information - -`Element' - See the description of element files in this chapter. - -`Layer' - A layer is the central object from the user's point of view. It - holds all connections and all text objects. Up to 8 may be used - individually. Its number, starting with one, and its name are - read as arguments. - - `Line' - All lines are identified by their start and endpoints - together with their thickness and some flags. They have to - fit a 45 degree scheme. - bit 2: set if line was found during a connection search - bit 4: line is a rat-line - bit 6: line has been selected - - `Polygon' - used to fill a larger area with `copper'. The coordinates - specify the corners. The flags are: - bit 2: set if polygon was found during a connection search - bit 4: polygon is a 1.5 style polygon that automatically clears pins - bit 6: polygon has been selected - - `Text' - You may use text objects to add information to your board. An - example would be naming a connector or marking pin one of it. - The position marks the lower left corner of the string which - is also a fixpoint for rotations. Text directions are - independent to those of lines. They are counted from zero to - three with a meaning of zero to 270 degree rotations - counter-clockwise. The scaling value is a positive integer - which determines a zoom factor in percent. - bit 6: the text has been selected - bit 7: the text is on the solder (back) side of the board - bit 10: the text is on the silkscreen layer - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Element File, Next: Font File, Prev: Layout File, Up: File Formats - -Element File Format -=================== - - Element files are used to describe one component which then may be -used several times within one or more layouts. You will normally split -the file into two parts, one for the pinout and one for the package -description. Using `m4' allows you to define pin names as macros in -one file and include a package description file which evaluates the -macros. See the resource *elementCommand* for more information. The -pins (and pads) must appear in squential order in the element file (new -in 1.5) so that pin 1 must be the first PIN(...) in the file. - - Doing things this way makes it possible to use one package file for -several different circuits. See the sample files `dil*'. - - The lowest x and y coordinates of all subobjects of an element are -used as an attachment point for the crosshair cursor of the main window. - - File = {Element}... - Element = "Element(" Flags Description LayoutName Value \ - TextX TextY direction scale TextFlags")" - "(" {ElementData}... [Mark] ")" - ElementData = {ElementLine | Pad | Pin | ElementArc }... - ElementArc = "ElementArc(" X Y Width Height - StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness ")" - ElementLine = "ElementLine(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness ")" - Mark = "Mark(" X Y ")" - Pad = "Pad(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Name PinNumber Flags ")" - Pin = "Pin(" X Y Thickness DrillingHole Name PinNumber Flags ")" - -`Element' - Objects of type element are determined by flags, some names, a - canonical and a layout name as well as a value. Additional fields - are text position, their direction counted from zero to three (n * - 90 degrees counter-clockwise) and element data. - - `Flags' - The flag field determines the state of an element. The bit - values are: - bit 4: the element name is hidden - bit 6: element has been selected - bit 7: element is located on the solder side - - `TextFlags' - `scale' - `direction' - See the description of text object earlier in this chapter. - - `ElementLine' - A line is defined by its start and end points and by its - size, or width. - - `ElementArc' - Defines an arc by its center, width, height, startangle, its - length in degrees and its size. Remember the y axis on the - screen grows downwards. - - `Mark' - is just a hint to make positioning easier. The crosshair will - be positioned here. Its center is passed as the two arguments. - - `Pad' - A pad is very similar to a line except it may not be - disconnected from its element and it has an associated name. - Is is defined by two end point position, size, name and by - some flags. - bit 2: set if pad was found during a connection search - bit 5: display the pads name - bit 6: pad has been selected - bit 7: pad is located on the solder side - - `Pin' - A pin is very similar to a via except it may not be - disconnected from its element. - bit 0: always set - bit 1: always clear - bit 2: set if pin was found during a connection search - bit 3: set if pin is only a mounting hole (no copper annulus) - bit 5: display the pins name - bit 6: pin has been selected - bit 8: pin is drawn as a square - bit 12: set if pin is drawn with an octagonal shape - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Font File, Next: Library Contents File, Prev: Element File, Up: File Formats - -Font File Format -================ - - A number of user defined symbols are called a font. There is only -one per layout. All symbols are made of lines. See the file -`default_font' as an example. - - The lowest x and y coordinates of all lines of a font are -transformed to (0,0). - - File = Font - Font = {FontData}... - FontData = {Symbol}... - Symbol = "Symbol(" SymbolID FontPosition ")" - "(" {SymbolData}... ")" - SymbolData = {SymbolLine}... - -`Symbol' - The two arguments are the `ASCII' code of the symbol and its - distance to the next symbol. Undefined symbols are drawn as filled - rectangles. The `ASCII' code may be passed as a character - constant or as a hexadecimal value. - - `SymbolLine' - The symbol data itself is made up of several entries of type - *SymbolLine*. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Library Contents File, Next: Library File, Prev: Font File, Up: File Formats - -Library Contents File Format -============================ - - There is nothing like a special library format. The ones that have -been introduced in 1.4.1 just use some nice (and time consuming) -fetures of GNU `m4'. The only predefined format is the one of the -contents file which is read during startup. It is made up of two basic -line types: - - menu entry = "TYPE="name - contents line = template":"package":"value":"description - name = String - template = String - package = String - value = String - description = String - String = <anything except ":", "\n" and "\r"> - - No leading whitespaces or comments are allowed in this file. If you -need either one, define a command that removes them before loading. -Have a look to the *libraryContentsCommand* resource. - - The menu entry will appear in the selection menu at the top and of -the library window. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Library File, Prev: Library Contents File, Up: File Formats - -Library File Format -=================== - - This section provides an overview about the existing `m4' definitions -of the elements. There are basically two different types of files. One -to define element specific data like the pinout, package and so on, the -other to define the values. For example the static RAM circuits 43256 -and 62256 are very similar. They therefore share a common definition in -the macro file but are defined with two different value labels. - - The macro file entry: - define(`Description_43256_dil', `SRAM 32Kx8') - define(`Param1_43256_dil', 28) - define(`Param2_43256_dil', 600) - define(`PinList_43256_dil', ``pin1', `pin2', ...') - - And the list file: - 43256_dil:N:43256:62256 - - The macro must define a description, the pin list and up to two -additional parameters that are passed to the package definitions. The -first one is the number of pins whereas the second one defines for -example the width of a package. - - It is very important to select a unique identifier for each macro. In -the example this would be *43256_dil* which is also the templates name. -It is required by some low-level macros that *Description_, Param1_, -Param2_* and *PinList_* are prepended. - - The list file uses a syntax: - template:package:value[:more values] - - This means that the shown example will create two element entries -with the sam package and pinout but with different names. - - A number of packages are defined in `common.m4'. Included are: - - DIL packages with suffix D, DW, J, JD, JG, N, NT, P - PLCC - TO3 - generic connectors - DIN 41.612 connectors - zick-zack (SD suffix) - 15 pin multiwatt - - If you are going to start your own library please take care about -`m4' functions. Be aware of quoting and so on and, most important check -your additional entry by calling the macro: - - CreateObject(`template', `value', `package suffix') - - If quoting is incorrect an endless loop may occur (broken by a -out-of-memory message). - - The scripts in the `lib' directory handle the creation of libraries -as well as of their contents files. Querying is also supported. - - I know quite well that this description of the library -implementation is not what some out there expect. But in my opinion -it's much more useful to look at the comments and follow the macros -step by step. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Installation, Prev: File Formats, Up: Top - -Installation and Troubleshooting -******************************** - - Compiling and installing the package should be straightforward. If -any problems occur, please contact the author -(Thomas.Nau@rz.uni-ulm.de) to find a solution and include it into the -next release. - -* Menu: - -* compiling:: Compiling and installing. -* problems:: Troubleshooting. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: compiling, Next: problems, Up: Installation - -Compiling and Installing -======================== - - This section covers the steps which are necessary to compile the -package. - -* Menu: - -* config.h:: Editing `config.h' options. -* manuals:: Creating the man page, info file and this manual. -* make:: Creating the `Makefile', compiling and installing. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: config.h, Next: manuals, Up: compiling - -Editing config.h ----------------- - - Most `X11' related options are automatically covered by `imake' -which is called from `xmkmf'. The ones special to `Pcb' have to be -edited in `config.h'. In order of appearance: - -`INFOLIBDIR' - must be set to the directory where your GNU info files are located. - -`/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb' - is the path of a directory where the font files will be installed. - -`DEFAULTFONT' - the name of the default font file. - -`DEFAULTLIBRARY' - the name of the default library. - -`gm4' - the name of GNUs m4 version. - -`Mod1' - If your window manager has already bound *Mod1* together with some - function keys you may want to change this setting. This is true - for HP-VUE. - -`EXTRA_INCLUDES' - Some systems do not have the Athena Widget include files in their - normal place as configured by `X11's config files. Define this as - follows: - EXTRA_INCLUDES = -I/usr/openwin/share/include - This is probably true for Suns which use `OpenWindows'. - -`PATCHES' - This symbol is passed to the compiler. Use it to define additional - compiler flags. Add the *-DNEED_STRDUP* flag, if your system does - not have a strdup() library function. - -`HAS_REGEX' - Set to *-DHAS_REGEX* if your system supports regular expressions. - This enables the actions *Select(*ByName)*. - -`EXITCALL' - The symbol *EXITCALL* should be defined according to the *call on - exit* functions supported by your system. There are three choices: - EXITCALL = -DHAS_ATEXIT if atexit() is supported (SYSV) - EXITCALL = -DHAS_ON_EXIT if on_exit() and no atexit() is supported - EXITCALL = if none of them is supported - Please check your manpages for details. - -`SYS_LIBRARIES' - This symbol is used to pass additional libraries to the linker. - The only additional libraries which are used are the math and lex - library. - - If you have to make system dependent changes please include them -into a *#ifdef Architecture* ... *#endif* construct and mail a copy to -the author (Thomas.Nau@rz.uni-ulm.de). - - Now run `xmkmf -a' which creates the `Makefiles' and runs `make -depend'. This should finish without any problems except some systems -which complain about missing include files. Don't worry about any such -warnings at this time, the package should compile without any problems. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: manuals, Next: make, Prev: config.h, Up: compiling - -Manuals -------- - - After `xmkmf -a' has created the new `Makefile' you are able to -create the manpages, the application resource, the info file, the `TeX' -output and a reference card by executing - (cd doc; make) - (cd src; make Pcb.ad) - You'll need `TeX', `texindex' and, if you want `PostScript', `dvips' -to build the manuals. Preformatted documentation for the default -configuration may be found in the `./doc.ps' directory. A simple -*make* builds everything. Generate a printed copy to make your life -easier. `TeX-3.0' failed, `TeX-3.14' worked just fine. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: make, Prev: manuals, Up: compiling - -Compiling the Package ---------------------- - - After reaching this point, it is time for `make'. It should build -everything without any errors. If it doesn't refer to *Note problems::. - - You have to be root to install the package or at least a user with -the appropriate priveleges in some `X11' directories. Set the umask to -*022* or else some files will not be found because the directory isn't -world readable. - - If you do not have the appropriate permissions you should run -`./pcbtest.sh' in the `src' directory to run `Pcb' from the -installation directory. - - `make install' and `make install.man' install the program, the -fonts, the application default resource file, all element and package -data as well as the manpage into the `X11' directories. `make -install.info' does the same for the `GNU' info file. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: problems, Prev: compiling, Up: Installation - -Troubleshooting -=============== - - There are some known problems. Most of them are related to missing -parts of a standard `X11' distribution. Some others are caused by third -party applications such as `X' servers. To make this list more complete -please mail your problems and, if available, solutions to the author. -The mail address may be found at the beginning of this chapter. In any -case, read *Note X11::. - - By the way, you `MUST HAVE AN ANSI COMPILER' to make `Pcb' work. - - If the shell script `create_sed_script.sh' fails with an error of -`awk' check your system for `nawk' or get the `GNU gawk'. See the -script for details. - - Another source of problems are older versions of `flex' and `bison'. -`Pcb' definitely works with `flex-2.4.7' and `bison-1.22' or later. The -problems will result in a *syntax error* while parsing files. You will -have to add *-lfl* to the SYS_LIBRARIES identifier in `Imakefile'. See -also, *Note FreeBSD::. - - The following list gives you just an idea because I'm not able to -test all `Pcb' releases on all platforms. - -* Menu: - -* HP:: Hewlett-Packard series 700 and 800 running HP-UX 10.* -* Sun:: Sun, Solaris 2.5 -* SGI:: SGI, IRIX 5.3 and 6.* -* DEC Alpha:: DEC Alpha, DEC UNIX 3.2c and 4.0 -* SCO:: SCO Unix ODT 3.0, PC hardware -* Linux:: Linux 0.99pl14 and later -* FreeBSD:: FreeBSD, NetBSD ... -* X11:: Refers to `X11R4', `X11R5', and `OpenWindows' -* TeX and Manuals:: Problems creating the `pcb.dvi' - - -File: pcb.info, Node: HP, Next: Sun, Up: problems - -HP Series 700 and 800 ---------------------- - - You have to install several `X11' tools (`imake') and include files -or, better, install a complete `X11R5' release. Hewlett-Packard doesn't -support the Athena Widgets. So the header files and libraries are -missing from the application media, but they are available as a patch. -They also do not ship the `ANSI' compiler with the normal operating -system release so you have to buy one or use `GCC'. Some of the tools -are available as patches. - - In addition, `Pcb' has been successfully tested on these platforms -with `HPUX 9.*, 10.*' running self-compiled `X11R5'. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Sun, Next: SGI, Prev: HP, Up: problems - -Sun SPARC architecture ----------------------- - - There are no known problems with Sun machines if they use `X11R5' -instead of `OpenWindows'. `Pcb' compiled successfully with all kinds of -SPARCstations `Solaris-2.[345]'. - - For problems with `OpenWindows' refer to *Note X11::. - - If `xmkmf' is missing, try - /usr/openwin/bin/imake -DUseInstalled -I/usr/openwin/lib/config - make Makefile - make includes - make depend - instead. I got it compiled but the linker complained about missing -symbols. The problem may be related to the mixed `OpenWindows' - -`X11R5' environment which is installed on the test machine. Anyway the -code was executable and I haven't got a core yet. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: SGI, Next: DEC Alpha, Prev: Sun, Up: problems - -Silicon Graphics ----------------- - - `Pcb' has been tested on some boxes running either `IRIX-4.0.5' or -`IRIX-5.3'. The former one uses a `X11R4' server. There are no -problems except some additionally needed compiler flags. For known -problems with `X11R4', see *Note X11::. Check `Imakefile', too. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: DEC Alpha, Next: SCO, Prev: SGI, Up: problems - -DEC Alpha ---------- - - `Pcb' compiled and runs without problems on `DEC UNIX V3.2c' if you -do the following instead of calling `xmkmf -a': - xmkmf - make Makefiles - make includes - make depend - - -File: pcb.info, Node: SCO, Next: Linux, Prev: DEC Alpha, Up: problems - -SCO Unix --------- - - John DuBois <spcecdt@deeptht.armory.com> wrote: - `SCO-ODT-3.0' requires the latest version of tls003, the Athena - widget library (available from sosco.sco.com). The main problems - I have encountered are it core dumps fairly often, especially - while loading/dropping elements... - I'll see what I am able to do as soon as I have access to an `SCO' -system. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: Linux, Next: FreeBSD, Prev: SCO, Up: problems - -Linux ------ - - Since the `X11' version of `Pcb' has been developed on a Linux -system here are no known problems. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: FreeBSD, Next: X11, Prev: Linux, Up: problems - -FreeBSD and NetBSD ------------------- - - If `Pcb' complains about syntax errors even in the demo files get -rid of your `lex' and `yacc' implementation. Replace them by `GNU flex' -and `bison'. Don't forget to change the SYS_LIBRARIES in `Imakefile' -from *-ll* to *-lfl*. You also need to define: - YACC = bison -y - LEX = flex - - -File: pcb.info, Node: X11, Next: TeX and Manuals, Prev: FreeBSD, Up: problems - -Problems related to X11 ------------------------ - - There are a some problems related to `X11R4' or systems derived from -`X11' such as `OpenWindows'. *Note Sun::. You at least have to change -all occurances of *baseTranslations* in the resource files to -*translations* if you are using a `X11R4' server. Look at the `X11R5' -*Intrinsics* manual for details. - - The panner widget (print dialog box) appears only in release `X11R5' -and later. It really simplifies adjusting the offsets. With earlier -releases the printout will always appear in the center of the page. - - You may have some problems in a mixed `X11-OpenWindows' environment. -If you want to try it anyway you have to add an additional path for -include files and define another symbol in `Imakefile', - EXTRA_INCLUDES = -I/usr/openwin/include - - `Pcb' has been tested successfully with `X11R6' under Linux 1.1.59 -and later. - - -File: pcb.info, Node: TeX and Manuals, Prev: X11, Up: problems - -Problems related to TeX ------------------------ - - If your `TeX' installation complains about a missing `texinfo.tex' -file copy the one included in this release (directory `doc' to your -`TeX' macro directory. Note, there are probably newer versions of this -file available from some FTP sites. `TeX-3.0' failed, `TeX-3.14' -worked just fine. Check our FTP server *ftp.uni-ulm.de* for -ready-to-print versions of the manuals. - -Index of Resources -****************** - -* Menu: - -* /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb: config.h. -* absoluteGrid: Resources. -* alignmentDistance: Resources. -* allDirectionLines <1>: Resources. -* allDirectionLines: Options. -* backupInterval <1>: Resources. -* backupInterval: Options. -* bloat: Resources. -* charactersPerLine <1>: Resources. -* charactersPerLine: Options. -* connectedColor: Resources. -* crosshairColor: Resources. -* default font: Options. -* DEFAULTFONT: config.h. -* DEFAULTLIBRARY: config.h. -* elementColor: Resources. -* elementCommand <1>: File Formats. -* elementCommand <2>: Resources. -* elementCommand: Options. -* elementContentsCommand: Resources. -* elementPath: Resources. -* elementSelectedColor: Resources. -* EXITCALL: config.h. -* EXTRA_INCLUDES: config.h. -* fileCommand <1>: Options. -* fileCommand <2>: File Formats. -* fileCommand: Resources. -* filePath: Resources. -* fontCommand <1>: Options. -* fontCommand <2>: File Formats. -* fontCommand: Resources. -* fontFile <1>: Options. -* fontFile: Resources. -* fontPath: Resources. -* gm4: config.h. -* grid: Resources. -* gridColor: Resources. -* HAS_REGEX: config.h. -* INFOLIBDIR: config.h. -* invisibleObjectsColor: Resources. -* layerColor: Resources. -* layerGroups <1>: Options. -* layerGroups: Resources. -* layerName: Resources. -* layerSelectedColor: Resources. -* libraryCommand <1>: Options. -* libraryCommand <2>: File Formats. -* libraryCommand: Resources. -* libraryContentsCommand <1>: File Formats. -* libraryContentsCommand: Options. -* libraryFilename <1>: Options. -* libraryFilename: Resources. -* libraryPath <1>: Options. -* libraryPath: Resources. -* lineThickness: Resources. -* media: Resources. -* Mod1: config.h. -* offLimitColor: Resources. -* PATCHES: config.h. -* pinColor: Resources. -* pinoutFont0..4: Resources. -* pinoutNameLength <1>: Options. -* pinoutNameLength: Resources. -* pinoutOffsetX: Resources. -* pinoutOffsetY: Resources. -* pinoutTextOffsetX: Resources. -* pinoutTextOffsetY: Resources. -* pinoutZoom <1>: Resources. -* pinoutZoom: Options. -* pinSelectedColor: Resources. -* printCommand: Resources. -* raiseLogWindow: Resources. -* ratCommand: Resources. -* ratPath: Resources. -* resetAfterElement <1>: Options. -* resetAfterElement: Resources. -* ringBellWhenFinished <1>: Resources. -* ringBellWhenFinished: Options. -* routeStyle <1>: Resources. -* routeStyle: Options. -* rubberBandMode: Resources. -* saveCommand <1>: Options. -* saveCommand <2>: File Formats. -* saveCommand: Resources. -* saveInTMP <1>: Options. -* saveInTMP: Resources. -* saveLastCommand <1>: Resources. -* saveLastCommand: Options. -* shrink: Resources. -* size <1>: Options. -* size: Resources. -* stipplePolygons: Resources. -* SYS_LIBRARIES: config.h. -* textScale: Resources. -* useLogWindow: Resources. -* viaColor: Resources. -* viaDrillingHole: Resources. -* viaSelectedColor: Resources. -* viaThickness: Resources. -* volume <1>: Options. -* volume: Resources. -* warnColor: Resources. -* zoom: Resources. - -Index of Actions, Commands and Options -************************************** - -* Menu: - -* +alldirections: Options. -* +reset: Options. -* +ring: Options. -* +s: Options. -* +save: Options. -* -alldirections: Options. -* -backup: Options. -* -c: Options. -* -copyright: Special Options. -* -fontfile: Options. -* -help: Special Options. -* -lelement: Options. -* -lfile: Options. -* -lfont: Options. -* -lg: Options. -* -libname: Options. -* -libpath: Options. -* -llib: Options. -* -llibcont: Options. -* -loggeometry: Options. -* -pnl: Options. -* -pz: Options. -* -reset: Options. -* -ring: Options. -* -rs: Options. -* -s: Options. -* -save: Options. -* -sfile: Options. -* -size: Options. -* -v: Options. -* -version: Special Options. -* :actionCommand(): User Commands. -* :l: User Commands. -* :le: User Commands. -* :m: User Commands. -* :q: User Commands. -* :rn: User Commands. -* :s: User Commands. -* :w[q]: User Commands. -* AddRats(): Actions. -* Atomic(): Actions. -* Bell(): Actions. -* ChangeDrillSize(): Actions. -* ChangeHole(): Actions. -* ChangeName(): Actions. -* ChangeOctagon(): Actions. -* ChangeSize(): Actions. -* ChangeSquare(): Actions. -* Command(): Actions. -* Connection(): Actions. -* DeleteRats(): Actions. -* Display(): Actions. -* DRC(): Actions. -* EditLayerGroups(): Actions. -* Load(): Actions. -* MarkCrosshair(): Actions. -* Mode(): Actions. -* MovePointer(): Actions. -* MoveToCurrentLayer(): Actions. -* New(): Actions. -* PasteBuffer(): Actions. -* Polygon(): Actions. -* Print(): Actions. -* Quit(): Actions. -* Redo(): Actions. -* RemoveSelected(): Actions. -* Report(): Actions. -* RouteStyle(): Actions. -* Save(): Actions. -* Select(): Actions. -* SetValue(): Actions. -* SwapSides(): Actions. -* SwitchDrawingLayer(): Actions. -* ToggleHideName(): Actions. -* Undo(): Actions. -* Unselect(): Actions. - -Index of Concepts -***************** - -* Menu: - -* /tmp <1>: Options. -* /tmp <2>: Loading and Saving. -* /tmp: Resources. -* about, command button: Menu. -* action command: User Commands. -* actions: Actions. -* Actions, initiating: User Commands. -* alignment: Resources. -* alignment targets: Printing. -* Alpha: DEC Alpha. -* arc: Arc Objects. -* arc, an example: Arcs. -* architecture <1>: SCO. -* architecture <2>: Linux. -* architecture <3>: Sun. -* architecture <4>: DEC Alpha. -* architecture <5>: SGI. -* architecture: HP. -* ASCII files, format of: File Formats. -* Atari version: History. -* atomic: Actions. -* backup <1>: Options. -* backup <2>: Loading and Saving. -* backup <3>: Resources. -* backup <4>: Options. -* backup: Resources. -* basic types: Basic Types. -* bell: Actions. -* bloat: Resources. -* buffer, an example: Pastebuffer. -* buffer, convert contents to element: Elements. -* buffer, popup menu: Menu. -* buffer, selecting a: Actions. -* button translations: Actions. -* cat: Resources. -* centering: Actions. -* change active layer: Control Panel. -* change drawing layer: Actions. -* change object name: Actions. -* change settings: Actions. -* change sizes: Actions. -* change square flag: Actions. -* change viewing side: Actions. -* characters per line <1>: Resources. -* characters per line: Options. -* clipping lines to 45 degree <1>: Resources. -* clipping lines to 45 degree: Actions. -* clipping of lines: Options. -* closing a polygon: Actions. -* color printout: Printing. -* color, warning: Resources. -* colors: Resources. -* command-line options: Command-Line Options. -* compile, how to: compiling. -* config.h: config.h. -* connection, removing an: Translations. -* connections, colors: Resources. -* connections, creating list of: Connection Lists. -* connections, popup menu: Menu. -* connections, reseting: Actions. -* connections, reseting after element <1>: Resources. -* connections, reseting after element: Options. -* connections, searching for: Actions. -* control panel: Control Panel. -* copy an object: Translations. -* copying objects: Actions. -* copying, an example: Moving and Copying. -* copyright: Special Options. -* creating objects: Common. -* cursor color: Resources. -* cursor movements: Actions. -* cursor position: Actions. -* cursor steps: Resources. -* cutting objects: Actions. -* DEC: DEC Alpha. -* default font <1>: Options. -* default font: Resources. -* default layout size: Resources. -* default library: Resources. -* default text scaling: Resources. -* default translations: Translations. -* design rule checking <1>: Actions. -* design rule checking: Design Rule Checking. -* device, selecting an output: Printing. -* directory /tmp <1>: Options. -* directory /tmp <2>: Loading and Saving. -* directory /tmp: Resources. -* display: Resources. -* display, popup menu: Menu. -* displaying element names <1>: Actions. -* displaying element names: Menu. -* displaying pinout: Actions. -* displaying status information: Status-line and Input-field. -* DOS filenames: Printing. -* drawing objects: Drawing and Removing. -* drc <1>: Resources. -* drc <2>: Actions. -* drc: Design Rule Checking. -* drill: Actions. -* drilling hole, changing of objects: Actions. -* drilling hole, setting of initial size: Actions. -* DVI format of manual: manuals. -* element name, hiding: Actions. -* element name, removing from silk-screen: Actions. -* element, an example: Elements. -* element, an overview: Element Objects. -* element, color: Resources. -* element, command <1>: Resources. -* element, command: Options. -* element, creating a new package: Elements. -* element, display names of <1>: Menu. -* element, display names of: Actions. -* element, fileformat: Element File. -* element, files <1>: Options. -* element, files: Resources. -* element, loading to buffer: User Commands. -* element, move name of: Translations. -* entering user commands: User Commands. -* erasing objects: Drawing and Removing. -* example files: Elements. -* example of buffer handling: Pastebuffer. -* example of connection lists: Connection Lists. -* example of copying: Moving and Copying. -* example of creating an element: Elements. -* example of element handling: Elements. -* example of line handling: Lines. -* example of loading: Loading and Saving. -* example of loading an element file: Elements. -* example of moving: Moving and Copying. -* example of pastebuffer handling: Pastebuffer. -* example of pin handling: Elements. -* example of polygon handling: Polygons. -* example of printing: Printing. -* example of rectangle handling: Polygons. -* example of saving: Loading and Saving. -* example of text handling: Text. -* example of via handling: Vias. -* exit <1>: Actions. -* exit: User Commands. -* file format, element data: Element File. -* file format, font data: Font File. -* file format, layout data: Layout File. -* file format, libraries: Library File. -* file format, library contents: Library Contents File. -* file formats: File Formats. -* file formats, basic types: Basic Types. -* file load command <1>: Resources. -* file load command: Options. -* file save command <1>: Resources. -* file save command: Options. -* file, popup menu: Menu. -* font command <1>: Options. -* font command: Resources. -* font file, format of: Font File. -* font files <1>: Resources. -* font files <2>: Options. -* font files: Resources. -* font, an overview: Symbol Objects. -* font, used for pin names: Resources. -* format of element files: Element File. -* format of font files: Font File. -* format of layout files: Layout File. -* format of libraries: Library File. -* format of library contents: Library Contents File. -* FreeBSD: FreeBSD. -* grid <1>: Resources. -* grid: Drawing Area. -* grid color: Resources. -* grid, absolute and relative <1>: Actions. -* grid, absolute and relative: Menu. -* grid, display <1>: Actions. -* grid, display: Menu. -* grid, setting of: Actions. -* groups <1>: Resources. -* groups: Options. -* groups, editing of: Actions. -* Hewlett Packard: HP. -* hide element name: Actions. -* how to start: Getting Started. -* HP: HP. -* info file: manuals. -* information about objects: Actions. -* input-field, position of: Status-line and Input-field. -* inputfield, saving entered command-line <1>: Options. -* inputfield, saving entered command-line: Resources. -* inputfield, start user input: Actions. -* install, how to: compiling. -* key translations: Actions. -* keyboard bell <1>: Resources. -* keyboard bell: Options. -* layer, change active: Actions. -* layer, name of: Resources. -* layers, an overview: Layer Objects. -* layers, changing active one: Control Panel. -* layers, colors: Resources. -* layers, editing of groups: Actions. -* layers, groups <1>: Resources. -* layers, groups: Options. -* layers, switching on/off: Control Panel. -* layout files <1>: Resources. -* layout files <2>: Options. -* layout files <3>: Resources. -* layout files: Options. -* layout files, format of: Layout File. -* layout files, saving of: User Commands. -* layout objects, an overview: Intro. -* layout size: Options. -* layout, default size of: Resources. -* layout, loading a: User Commands. -* layout, loading to buffer: User Commands. -* layout, merging a: User Commands. -* layout, printing a: Actions. -* layout, start a new: Actions. -* layout-name <1>: Element Objects. -* layout-name: User Commands. -* length of a pin name <1>: Resources. -* length of a pin name: Options. -* length of outputline: Options. -* library command <1>: Options. -* library command: Resources. -* library contents command <1>: Options. -* library contents command: Resources. -* library contents file, format of: Library Contents File. -* library file, format of: Library File. -* library name <1>: Resources. -* library name: Options. -* library search path: Options. -* library searchpath: Resources. -* library window: Library Window. -* line clipping: Options. -* linelength: Resources. -* lines, an example: Lines. -* lines, an overview: Line Objects. -* lines, clipping to 45 degree <1>: Resources. -* lines, clipping to 45 degree: Actions. -* lines, setting of initial size: Actions. -* lines, size: Resources. -* Linux: Linux. -* list of connections: Resources. -* listing libraries: Options. -* listing library contents: Resources. -* loading a layout to buffer: User Commands. -* loading elements <1>: Resources. -* loading elements: Options. -* loading elements to buffer: User Commands. -* loading files: Actions. -* loading fonts <1>: Resources. -* loading fonts: Options. -* loading layouts <1>: User Commands. -* loading layouts <2>: Options. -* loading layouts: Resources. -* loading symbols <1>: Resources. -* loading symbols: Options. -* loading, an example: Loading and Saving. -* log window <1>: Options. -* log window <2>: Resources. -* log window: Log Window. -* m4: Resources. -* m4, preprocessing example files: Elements. -* make: make. -* Makefile: config.h. -* manuals: manuals. -* mark: Actions. -* media: Resources. -* media margin: Resources. -* media, size of: Printing. -* menus: Menu. -* merging layouts: User Commands. -* messages <1>: Resources. -* messages <2>: Options. -* messages: Log Window. -* mirroring printout: Printing. -* mode selection: Mode Selectors. -* mode, selecting of: Actions. -* mounting holes: Actions. -* move: Resources. -* move an object: Translations. -* moving objects to current layer: Actions. -* moving, an example: Moving and Copying. -* name of an element: Actions. -* name, change an objects: Actions. -* namelength of pins <1>: Options. -* namelength of pins: Resources. -* NetBSD: FreeBSD. -* netlist <1>: Actions. -* netlist <2>: Resources. -* netlist <3>: User Commands. -* netlist <4>: Rats Nest. -* netlist: Actions. -* object, change name of: Actions. -* object, changing the size of an: Common. -* object, copy an: Translations. -* object, creating an: Common. -* object, drawing and removing: Drawing and Removing. -* object, move an: Translations. -* object, removing an <1>: Translations. -* object, removing an: Common. -* object, selecting an: Menu. -* objects, moving to current layer: Actions. -* objects, popup menu: Menu. -* octagonal pins and vias: Actions. -* off limit color: Resources. -* offset of pinnames: Resources. -* offset of pinout: Resources. -* offset of printout: Printing. -* OpenWindows: Sun. -* operation modes, selecting of: Actions. -* outline printout: Printing. -* output device: Printing. -* outputline, length of: Options. -* overlap, minimum: Design Rule Checking. -* pastebuffer, an example: Pastebuffer. -* pastebuffer, convert contents to element: Elements. -* pastebuffer, popup menu: Menu. -* pastebuffer, selecting a: Actions. -* path for element files: Resources. -* path for font files: Resources. -* path for layout files: Resources. -* path for libraries: Resources. -* PC UNIX <1>: SCO. -* PC UNIX <2>: Linux. -* PC UNIX: FreeBSD. -* pin color: Resources. -* pin, name of <1>: Options. -* pin, name of: Resources. -* pinout of elements: Menu. -* pinout, display of: Actions. -* pinout, font to display pin names: Resources. -* pinout, zoomfactor of display <1>: Resources. -* pinout, zoomfactor of display: Options. -* pins, an example: Elements. -* pins, changing shape of: Actions. -* pointer, moving of: Actions. -* polygon: Resources. -* polygon point, go back to previous: Actions. -* polygon, an example: Polygons. -* polygon, an overview: Polygon Objects. -* polygon, closing a: Actions. -* popping up menus: Menu. -* postprocessing layout data <1>: Resources. -* postprocessing layout data: Options. -* preprocessing element data <1>: Options. -* preprocessing element data: Resources. -* preprocessing font data <1>: Options. -* preprocessing font data: Resources. -* preprocessing layout data <1>: Options. -* preprocessing layout data: Resources. -* preventing loss of data <1>: Loading and Saving. -* preventing loss of data <2>: Options. -* preventing loss of data: Resources. -* print command: Printing. -* print media <1>: Printing. -* print media: Resources. -* print offset: Printing. -* printing: Resources. -* printing a layout: Actions. -* printing, an example: Printing. -* problems: problems. -* quit <1>: Actions. -* quit: User Commands. -* rat-line <1>: Actions. -* rat-line: Rats Nest. -* rats nest <1>: User Commands. -* rats nest <2>: Actions. -* rats nest <3>: Resources. -* rats nest <4>: Actions. -* rats nest: Rats Nest. -* recover: Actions. -* rectangle, an example: Polygons. -* redo: Actions. -* redrawing layout: Actions. -* refreshing layout: Actions. -* release, current: Special Options. -* removing connections: Translations. -* removing objects <1>: Translations. -* removing objects <2>: Drawing and Removing. -* removing objects: Common. -* removing selected objects: Actions. -* report: Actions. -* report, popup menu: Menu. -* reseting found connections <1>: Actions. -* reseting found connections <2>: Options. -* reseting found connections: Resources. -* resources: Resources. -* rotate: Resources. -* rotating a buffer: Actions. -* rotating printout: Printing. -* routing style <1>: Options. -* routing style <2>: Resources. -* routing style: Actions. -* rubberband <1>: Actions. -* rubberband: Resources. -* saving connections: Actions. -* saving files: Actions. -* saving found connections: Actions. -* saving last entered user command <1>: Resources. -* saving last entered user command: Options. -* saving layouts <1>: Loading and Saving. -* saving layouts <2>: Options. -* saving layouts <3>: Resources. -* saving layouts <4>: Options. -* saving layouts: User Commands. -* saving, an example: Loading and Saving. -* scaling a printout: Printing. -* scanning connections: Actions. -* SCO: SCO. -* scrolling: Translations. -* searching connections: Actions. -* searchpath for element files: Resources. -* searchpath for font files: Resources. -* searchpath for layout files: Resources. -* searchpath for libraries: Resources. -* selected object, removing an: Actions. -* selected objects, changing size: Menu. -* selected objects, removing: Menu. -* selecting a buffer: Actions. -* selecting a new mode: Mode Selectors. -* selecting objects <1>: Actions. -* selecting objects: Menu. -* selection: Actions. -* selection, an example: Selection. -* selection, popup menu: Menu. -* SGI: SGI. -* shrink: Resources. -* signal: Actions. -* Silicon Graphics: SGI. -* size of a layout: Options. -* size of lines: Resources. -* size of lines and vias: Actions. -* size of vias: Resources. -* sizes, changing of objects: Actions. -* sizes, popup menu: Menu. -* Solaris: Sun. -* spacing, minimum: Design Rule Checking. -* speaker volume <1>: Resources. -* speaker volume: Options. -* square flag, changing of objects: Actions. -* start user input: Actions. -* starting a new layout: Actions. -* starting Pcb: Command-Line Options. -* status information: Status-line and Input-field. -* strings, an example: Text. -* strings, an overview: Text Objects. -* Sun: Sun. -* symbols <1>: Options. -* symbols: Resources. -* symbols, an overview: Symbol Objects. -* temporary files <1>: Resources. -* temporary files <2>: Options. -* temporary files: Loading and Saving. -* TeX, problems: TeX and Manuals. -* texinfo file: manuals. -* text, an example: Text. -* text, an overview: Text Objects. -* text, default scaling: Resources. -* text, editing: Menu. -* thickness of lines: Resources. -* thickness of objects: Common. -* thickness of vias: Resources. -* thickness, changing of objects: Actions. -* translations <1>: Actions. -* translations: Translations. -* troubleshooting: problems. -* undo: Actions. -* undo, multi-action resources: Actions. -* undo, popup menu: Menu. -* unix command <1>: Options. -* unix command <2>: Resources. -* unix command <3>: Options. -* unix command <4>: Resources. -* unix command <5>: Options. -* unix command <6>: Resources. -* unix command <7>: Options. -* unix command: Resources. -* unselect objects: Actions. -* user commands: User Commands. -* user input: Translations. -* version, current: Special Options. -* vias, an example: Vias. -* vias, an overview: Via Objects. -* vias, changing shape of: Actions. -* vias, color: Resources. -* vias, converting to mounting hole: Actions. -* vias, setting of initial size: Actions. -* vias, size: Resources. -* viewing side, changing of: Actions. -* volume of speaker <1>: Options. -* volume of speaker: Resources. -* X11: X11 Interface. -* X11 default translations: Translations. -* X11 resources: Resources. -* X11 translations: Actions. -* X11, problems: X11. -* xmkmf: config.h. -* zoom of drawing window: Resources. -* zoom of pinout window <1>: Options. -* zoom of pinout window: Resources. -* zoom, setting: Menu. -* zoom, setting of: Actions. - - - -Tag Table: -Node: Top723 -Node: Copying1468 -Node: History2088 -Node: Intro6464 -Node: Symbol Objects7604 -Node: Via Objects8179 -Node: Element Objects8865 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-(con)o(trol)g(panel)h(in)g(the)75 1549 y(upp)q(er)g(left)g(corner,)f -(the)g(mo)q(de)h(buttons)f(lo)q(cated)g(b)q(elo)o(w)h(the)f(con)o(trol) -g(panel,)i(the)e(dra)o(wing)g(area)g(to)75 1603 y(the)e(righ)o(t)g(of)g -(these,)g(and)g(the)h(status)e(line)j(at)d(the)i(b)q(ottom)e(of)h(the)g -(windo)o(w.)75 1720 y Fg(2.1.1)30 b(The)20 b(Status-line)h(and)g -(Input-\014eld)137 1819 y Fo(The)i(status-line)g(is)f(lo)q(cated)h(at)e -(the)i(b)q(ottom)e(edge)h(of)g(the)g(main)h(windo)o(w.)41 -b(During)22 b(normal)75 1873 y(op)q(eration)15 b(the)g(status)f -(information)h(is)g(visible)i(there.)j(When)15 b(a)g(selected)h(men)o -(u)f(op)q(eration)g(requires)75 1928 y(an)h(additional)i(button)f(clic) -o(k,)h(the)e(status-line)i(is)f(replaced)h(b)o(y)e(a)g(message)h -(telling)h(y)o(ou)e(to)g(p)q(osition)75 1983 y(the)21 -b(cursor)g(and)g(clic)o(k.)39 b(When)22 b(a)f(text)f(input)i(is)g -(required,)h(the)f(status-line)g(is)f(replaced)i(b)o(y)e(the)75 -2038 y(Input-\014eld)c(whic)o(h)g(has)e(a)f(prompt)h(for)g(the)g(t)o -(yp)q(ed)h(input.)137 2107 y(The)21 b(status-line)g(sho)o(ws,)f(from)f -(left)i(to)e(righ)o(t,)i(the)f(side)h(of)f(the)g(b)q(oard)g(that)f(y)o -(ou)h(are)g(viewing)75 2162 y(\()p Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p -Fh(T)m(ab)d Fo(c)o(hanges)e(this\),)g(if)h(an)g(absolute)f(\(abs\))g -(or)g(relativ)o(e)h(\(rel\))f(grid)h(is)g(used,)g(if)g(new)f(lines)i -(are)75 2217 y(restricted)g(to)f(45)g(degrees,)g(whic)o(h)i(t)o(yp)q(e) -e(of)h(45)e(degree)i(line)i(mo)q(de)d(is)h(activ)o(e,)g(whether)g(rubb) -q(erband)75 2272 y(mo)o(v)o(e)h(and)h(rotate)e(mo)q(de)i(is)g(on)g -(\(R\),)e(the)i(curren)o(t)f(grid)h(v)m(alues,)h(and)f(the)g(zo)q(om)f -(factor.)30 b(This)19 b(in-)75 2326 y(formation)e(is)h(follo)o(w)o(ed)g -(b)o(y)g(the)f(line-width,)k(via-size)e(and)f(drilling)i(hole)e(in)h -(mil,)g(text)e(scaling,)i(the)75 2381 y(activ)o(e)f(bu\013er)g(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)g(and)g(the)g(name)g(of)g(the)g(la)o(y)o(out.)27 -b(An)19 b(asterisk)e(app)q(earing)i(at)e(the)h(left)h(edge)75 -2436 y(indicates)c(the)e(la)o(y)o(out)g(has)g(b)q(een)h(mo)q(di\014ed)g -(since)h(the)e(last)g(sa)o(v)o(e.)19 b(Note)13 b(that)f(the)h(name)g -(of)g(the)h(la)o(y)o(out)75 2491 y(is)i(not)f(the)g(same)g(thing)g(as)g -(the)g(\014lename)i(of)e(the)g(la)o(y)o(out.)137 2560 -y(The)d(input-\014eld)j(p)q(ops)d(up)g(\(temp)q(orarily)g(replacing)h -(the)f(status-line\))h(whenev)o(er)f(user)g(input)h(is)f(re-)75 -2615 y(quired.)20 b(Tw)o(o)11 b(k)o(eys)g(are)h(b)q(ound)h(to)e(the)h -(input)h(\014eld:)19 b Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p Fh(Esc)n(ap)n(e)14 -b Fo(ab)q(orts)d(the)h(input,)h Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p -Fh(R)n(eturn)75 2670 y Fo(\014nishes)k(it.)p eop -%%Page: 10 11 -10 10 bop 75 -58 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Getting)c(Started)1209 -b(10)137 149 y(The)17 b(presen)o(t)f(cursor)g(p)q(osition)i(is)e -(displa)o(y)o(ed)i(in)f(the)g(upp)q(er)g(righ)o(t)f(corner)g(of)g(the)h -(windo)o(w.)23 b(Nor-)75 204 y(mally)18 b(this)g(p)q(osition)g(is)g(an) -g(absolute)f(co)q(ordinate,)h(but)g(with)g(v)o(ersion)f(1.5)g(of)g -Fm(Pcb)g Fo(y)o(ou)g(can)g(anc)o(hor)75 259 y(a)e(mark)o(er)f(at)h(the) -g(curren)o(t)g(cursor)g(lo)q(cation)h(b)o(y)f(pressing)h -Fh(Ctrl)p Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p Fh(m)i Fo(then)e(the)f(displa)o(y)h -(will)h(read)75 314 y(b)q(oth)c(the)f(absolute)h(cursor)f(p)q(osition)h -(as)f(w)o(ell)i(as)e(the)g(di\013erence)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)e(it)h(and)g -(the)f(mark)o(er.)18 b(Press-)75 369 y(ing)e Fh(Ctrl)p -Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p Fh(m)i Fo(again)d(turns)g(the)g(mark)o(er)f -(o\013.)75 478 y Fg(2.1.2)30 b(The)20 b(Con)n(trol)h(P)n(anel)137 -573 y Fo(The)16 b(con)o(trol)f(panel,)h(lo)q(cated)g(at)e(the)i(left)f -(side)i(of)e(the)g(windo)o(w,)g(is)h(used)g(to)e(turn)i(on)f(and)g -(o\013)g(the)75 628 y(displa)o(y)g(of)e(la)o(y)o(er)h(groups)f(and)h -(to)f(select)i(the)e(activ)o(e)h(dra)o(wing)g(la)o(y)o(er.)19 -b(If)14 b(a)g(la)o(y)o(er)f(hasn't)g(b)q(een)i(named,)75 -683 y(the)g(lab)q(el)i Fm(")p Fh(\(unknown\))r Fm(")c -Fo(is)j(used)g(as)f(the)g(defualt.)137 749 y(The)g(upp)q(er)h(con)o -(trol)e(b)q(o)o(x)h(is)g(used)g(to)f(switc)o(h)h(la)o(y)o(ers)g(on)f -(and)h(o\013.)k(Clic)o(k)d Fm(<)p Fh(Btn1Down)p Fm(>)e -Fo(on)h(one)f(or)75 804 y(more)h(of)h(them.)22 b(Eac)o(h)15 -b(clic)o(k)i(toggles)f(the)g(setting.)22 b(The)16 b(curren)o(tly)g -(activ)o(e)g(la)o(y)o(er)g(can't)f(b)q(e)h(switc)o(hed)75 -859 y(o\013.)34 b(The)21 b(la)o(y)o(out)e(is)i(refreshed)g(when)f(the)h -(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(reen)o(ters)f(the)g(dra)o(wing)g(area.)34 -b(This)21 b(prev)o(en)o(ts)75 914 y(excessiv)o(e)e(redra)o(wing)g(when) -f(the)h(visibilit)o(y)i(of)d(sev)o(eral)g(la)o(y)o(ers)g(is)h(c)o -(hanged.)30 b(When)19 b(the)f(la)o(y)o(ers)g(are)75 969 -y(group)q(ed,)i(clic)o(king)g(on)f(these)g(\014elds)h(will)g(toggle)e -(the)h(visibili)q(t)o(y)i(of)d(all)h(la)o(y)o(ers)g(in)g(the)g(same)g -(group.)75 1023 y(This)f(is)f(a)g(go)q(o)q(d)f(idea)i(b)q(ecause)g(la)o -(y)o(ers)f(in)h(the)f(same)f(group)h(reside)h(on)f(the)g(same)f(ph)o -(ysical)j(la)o(y)o(er)d(of)75 1078 y(the)d(actual)g(b)q(oard.)19 -b(Use)13 b(the)g(`)p Fm(Edit)h(layer)h(groups)p Fo(')d(option)h(in)g -(the)g(`)p Fm(Objects)p Fo(')e(men)o(u)j(to)e(c)o(hange)h(the)75 -1133 y(la)o(y)o(er)h(groupings.)20 b(Grouping)14 b(la)o(y)o(ers)g(is)g -(only)h(useful)g(for)e(helping)j(y)o(ou)e(to)f(color-co)q(de)i(signals) -g(in)f(y)o(our)75 1188 y(la)o(y)o(out.)24 b(Note)16 b(that)g(grouping)h -(la)o(y)o(ers)g(actually)g(reduces)h(the)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f -(di\013eren)o(t)h(ph)o(ysical)h(la)o(y)o(ers)75 1242 -y(a)o(v)m(ailable)f(for)d(y)o(our)h(b)q(oard,)g(th)o(us)g(to)f(mak)o(e) -h(an)g(eigh)o(t)h(la)o(y)o(er)f(b)q(oard,)f(y)o(ou)h(cannot)g(group)g -(an)o(y)g(la)o(y)o(ers.)137 1309 y Fh(far)g(side)h Fo(turns)d(on)h(and) -f(o\013)f(the)i(visibilit)o(y)i(of)c(elemen)o(ts)i(\(including)i(SMD)d -(pads\))g(on)g(the)g(opp)q(osite)75 1364 y(b)q(oard)j(side,)h(as)e(w)o -(ell)i(as)f(silk)h(screening)g(on)f(that)f(side.)23 b(It)16 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-(oard)f(side)h(y)o(ou)f(are)g(viewing.)137 783 y(F)l(or)10 -b(a)h(complete)g(list)g(of)g(k)o(eystrok)o(es)e(and)i(button)f(ev)o(en) -o(ts)h(see)g(Section)g(5.3)f([T)l(ranslations],)g(page)h(43.)75 -905 y Fg(2.4.1)30 b(Lines)137 1006 y Fo(T)l(o)14 b(dra)o(w)f(new)h -(lines)i(y)o(ou)d(ha)o(v)o(e)h(to)f(b)q(e)i(in)f Fh(line-mo)n(de)p -Fo(.)19 b(Get)14 b(there)g(either)g(b)o(y)g(selecting)i(it)e(from)f -(the)75 1060 y Fh(T)m(o)n(ol)i(p)n(alette)k Fo(or)c(b)o(y)h(pressing)g -Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p Fh(F2)p Fo(.)k(Eac)o(h)c(successiv)o(e)g -Fh(notify)k Fo(ev)o(en)o(t)15 b(creates)g(a)g(new)h(line.)23 -b(The)75 1115 y(adjustmen)o(t)14 b(to)f(45)h(degree)h(lines)g(is)g -(done)g(automatically)f(if)h(it)g(is)f(selected)i(from)d(the)i -Fh(Display)j Fo(men)o(u.)75 1170 y(Y)l(ou)13 b(can)g(toggle)g(the)g(45) -g(degree)g(mo)q(de)g(setting)h(b)o(y)f(pressing)g(the)g -Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p Fh(.)20 b Fo(\(That)12 b(is)h(the)g(p)q(erio)q -(d)i(k)o(ey\).)75 1225 y(When)g(45)f(degree)g(enforcemen)o(t)h(is)g -(turned)g(on)f(there)h(are)f(three)g(distinct)i(mo)q(des)e(of)h(line)h -(creation:)j(a)75 1280 y(single)14 b(line)f(on)g(the)f(closest)h(45)e -(degree)i(v)o(ector)e(to)o(w)o(ards)g(the)h(crosshair)h(\(but)f(not)f -(necessarily)j(actually)75 1334 y(ending)20 b(at)e(the)g(crosshair\),)h -(t)o(w)o(o)e(lines)k(created)d(suc)o(h)h(that)f(the)h(\014rst)f(lea)o -(v)o(es)h(the)f(start)g(p)q(oin)o(t)h(on)f(a)75 1389 -y(90)d(degree)i(v)o(ector)e(and)h(the)h(second)f(arriv)o(es)g(at)f(the) -i(crosshair)f(on)g(a)f(45)h(degree)g(v)o(ector,)f(and)i(\014nally)75 -1444 y(t)o(w)o(o)g(lines)j(created)e(suc)o(h)g(that)g(the)g(\014rst)g -(lea)o(v)o(es)g(the)g(start)f(p)q(oin)o(t)i(on)f(a)g(45)g(degree)g(v)o -(ector)g(and)g(the)75 1499 y(second)d(arriv)o(es)e(at)h(the)g -(crosshair)g(on)g(a)g(90)f(degree)i(v)o(ector.)k(These)14 -b(last)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(mo)q(des)h(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(connect)75 -1554 y(all)j(the)g(w)o(a)o(y)e(from)h(the)g(start)f(and)i(end)g(p)q 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b(The)21 b(initial)75 1659 y(scaling)16 b(is)g(c)o(hanged)f(b)o(y)h -Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p Fh(t)j Fo(and)c Fh(Shift)p Fm(<)p -Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p Fh(t)k Fo(or)c(from)f(the)i Fh(Sizes)h -Fo(men)o(u.)137 1726 y(No)o(w)h(switc)o(h)h(to)f Fh(r)n(otate-mo)n(de) -24 b Fo(and)18 b(press)h Fm(<)p Fh(Btn1Down)p Fm(>)g -Fo(at)f(the)h(text-ob)s(jects)f(lo)q(cation.)31 b(T)l(ext)75 -1780 y(ob)s(jects)13 b(on)h(the)h(solder)f(side)h(of)f(the)g(la)o(y)o -(out)f(are)h(automatically)g(mirrored)h(and)f(\015ipp)q(ed)i(so)e(that) -f(they)75 1835 y(are)i(seen)h(correctly)f(when)h(viewing)g(the)f -(solder-side.)137 1902 y(Use)h Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p -Fh(n)h Fo(to)e(edit)h(the)f(string.)137 1969 y Fi(TEXT)10 -b(OBJECTS)h(ON)f(COPPER)h(LA)l(YERS)g(CREA)l(TE)f(COPPER)g(LINES)h(BUT) -g(THEY)f(ARE)75 2024 y(NOT)j(SCANNED)g(F)o(OR)f(CONNECTIONS)p -Fo(.)f(If)j(they)g(are)f(mo)o(v)o(ed)g(to)g(the)h(silkscreen)h(la)o(y)o -(er,)e(they)h(no)75 2079 y(longer)h(create)g(copp)q(er.)75 -2190 y Fg(2.4.5)30 b(Vias)137 2286 y 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b(y)o(ou)f(w)o(an)o(t)f(to)h(create)g -(a)g(moun)o(ting)g(hole)i(for)d(y)o(our)h(b)q(oard,)h(then)g(y)o(ou)f -(can)g(place)i(a)e(via)75 2615 y(where)f(y)o(ou)f(w)o(an)o(t)f(the)h -(hole)h(to)f(b)q(e)h(then)g(con)o(v)o(ert)e(the)i(via)f(in)o(to)g(a)g -(hole.)21 b(The)16 b(con)o(v)o(ersion)f(is)h(done)g(b)o(y)75 -2670 y(pressing)i Fh(!Ctrl)p Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p Fh(h)h -Fo(with)f(the)f(crosshair)g(o)o(v)o(er)f(the)h(via.)25 -b(Conceptually)19 b(it)e(is)g(still)i(a)d(via,)i(but)f(it)p -eop -%%Page: 17 18 -17 17 bop 75 -58 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Getting)c(Started)1209 -b(17)75 149 y(has)14 b(no)g(copp)q(er)h(ann)o(ulus.)21 -b(If)15 b(y)o(ou)e(create)i(suc)o(h)f(a)g(hole)h(in)g(the)g(middle)h -(of)e(t)o(w)o(o)f(p)q(olygons)h(on)h(di\013eren)o(t)75 -204 y(la)o(y)o(ers,)j(it)g(will)i(short)d(the)h(la)o(y)o(ers.)28 -b(Theoretically)20 b(y)o(ou)d(could)i(arrange)e(for)h(suc)o(h)g(a)g -(hole)g(not)g(to)f(b)q(e)75 259 y(plated,)g(but)g(a)f(metal)g(screw)h -(inserted)g(in)g(the)g(hole)g(w)o(ould)g(still)h(risk)e(shorting)h(the) -f(la)o(y)o(ers.)24 b(A)16 b(go)q(o)q(d)75 314 y(rule)e(is)f(to)f -(realize)i(that)e(holes)h(in)h(the)f(b)q(oard)g(really)g(are)g(vias)g -(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(the)g(la)o(y)o(ers)f(and)h(so)f(place)i(them)75 -369 y(where)k(they)g(w)o(on't)f(in)o(terfere)h(with)g(connectivit)o(y)l -(.)29 b(Y)l(ou)18 b(can)g(con)o(v)o(ert)f(a)g(hole)i(bac)o(k)f(in)o(to) -f(a)h(normal)75 423 y(via)d(with)h(the)f(same)g(k)o(eystrok)o(e)f(used) -i(to)f(con)o(v)o(ery)f(it)i(in)g(the)f(\014rst)g(place.)75 -530 y Fg(2.4.6)30 b(Elemen)n(ts)137 624 y Fo(Some)17 -b(of)g(the)g(functions)h(related)g(to)e(elemen)o(ts)i(only)g(w)o(ork)e -(if)h(b)q(oth)g(the)h(pac)o(k)m(age)f(la)o(y)o(er)g(and)g(the)75 -679 y(pin)f(la)o(y)o(er)f(are)g(switc)o(hed)h(on.)137 -744 y(No)o(w)h(that)f(y)o(ou're)h(familiar)h(with)f(man)o(y)g(of)g(the) -g(basic)h(commands,)f(it)g(is)h(time)f(to)g(put)g(the)g(\014rst)75 -799 y(elemen)o(t)g(on)f(the)g(la)o(y)o(out.)22 b(First)16 -b(of)g(all,)g(y)o(ou)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(to)f(load)i(data)e(in)o(to)h(the)g -(paste)g(bu\013er.)23 b(There)16 b(are)75 854 y(four)f(w)o(a)o(ys)f(to) -g(do)i(this:)267 917 y Fm(1\))23 b(load)g(the)h(data)f(from)h(a)f -(library)267 968 y(2\))g(load)g(the)h(data)f(from)h(a)f(file)267 -1020 y(3\))g(copy)g(data)h(from)f(an)h(already)f(existing)f(element)267 -1072 y(4\))h(convert)g(objects)g(in)h(the)f(buffer)g(into)g(an)h -(element)137 1138 y Fo(W)l(e)c(don't)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(an)o(y)g(elemen)o -(ts)g(on)g(the)h(screen)f(y)o(et)g(nor)g(an)o(ything)g(in)h(the)f -(bu\013er,)h(so)f(w)o(e)g(use)75 1192 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)c(one.)137 -1258 y(Select)i Fh(lsi)j Fo(from)16 b(the)h(men)o(u)g(in)h(the)f -(library)g(windo)o(w)g(press)g Fm(<)p Fh(Btn1Down)p Fm(>)g -Fo(t)o(wice)g(at)f(the)h(appro-)75 1313 y(priate)i(text-line)i(to)d -(get)h(the)g(MC68030)e(CPU.)h(The)i(data)e(is)h(loaded)h(and)f(the)g -(mo)q(de)h(is)f(switc)o(hed)75 1367 y(to)e Fh(p)n(astebu\013er-mo)n(de) -p Fo(.)29 b(Eac)o(h)18 b(notify)h(ev)o(en)o(t)e(no)o(w)h(creates)g(one) -g(of)g(these)g(b)q(easts.)28 b(Lea)o(v)o(e)18 b(the)h(mo)q(de)75 -1422 y(b)o(y)f(selecting)i(a)e(di\013eren)o(t)h(one)f(or)g(b)o(y)g -Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p Fh(Esc)n(ap)n(e)j Fo(whic)o(h)e(resets)f(all)h -(mo)q(des..)30 b(The)18 b(crosshair)g(is)75 1477 y(lo)q(cated)h(at)f -(the)h Fh(mark)24 b Fo(p)q(osition)19 b(as)g(de\014ned)h(b)o(y)e(the)h -(data)f(\014le.)31 b(Rotating)17 b(the)i(bu\013er)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)e -(is)75 1532 y(done)h(b)o(y)g(selecting)h(the)f Fh(r)n(otate)k -Fo(en)o(try)17 b(of)g(the)h Fh(Bu\013er)23 b Fo(men)o(u)18 -b(or)g(b)o(y)f(pressing)i Fh(Shift)p Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p -Fm(>)p Fh(F3)p Fo(.)27 b(The)75 1587 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)11 -b(of)h(the)g(bu\013er)g(are)g(v)m(alid)i(un)o(til)f(new)f(data)g(is)g -(loaded)h(in)o(to)f(it)g(either)h(b)o(y)f(a)g(cut-to-bu\013er)g(op)q -(er-)75 1641 y(ation,)i(cop)o(y-to-bu\013er)h(op)q(eration)g(or)f(b)o -(y)h(loading)h(a)e(new)h(data)f(\014le.)21 b(There)15 -b(are)f(5)h(bu\013ers)g(a)o(v)m(ailable.)75 1696 y(Switc)o(hing)j(b)q -(et)o(w)o(een)f(them)g(is)g(done)g(b)o(y)g(selecting)h(a)f(men)o(u)g -(en)o(try)f(or)h(b)o(y)f Fh(Shift)p Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p -Fh(1..5)p Fo(.)25 b(Eac)o(h)16 b(of)75 1751 y(the)f(t)o(w)o(o)f(b)q -(oard)h(sides)h(has)f(its)h(o)o(wn)f(bu\013ers.)137 1816 -y(The)g(release)f(includes)j(all)e(data)e(\014les)i(for)f(the)g -(circuits)h(that)f(are)g(used)g(b)o(y)g(the)h(demo)f(la)o(y)o(out.)19 -b(The)75 1871 y(elemen)o(ts)e(in)f(the)g(LED)g(example)h(are)e(not)h -(found)g(in)h(the)f(library)l(,)h(but)f(y)o(ou)f(can)h(lift)h(them)f -(from)f(the)75 1926 y(example)g(itself)g(if)g(y)o(ou)f(w)o(an)o(t.)k -(If)d(y)o(ou)f(ha)o(v)o(e)f(problems)i(with)g(the)f(color)g(of)g(the)h -(crosshair,)f(c)o(hange)g(the)75 1981 y(resource)h Fh(cr)n -(osshairColor)20 b Fo(setting)15 b(to)g(a)f(di\013eren)o(t)i(one.)137 -2046 y(No)o(w)i(load)i(a)e(second)h(circuit,)i(the)e(MC68882)e(FPU)h -(for)g(example.)32 b(Create)18 b(the)h(circuit)h(as)f(ex-)75 -2101 y(plained)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)25 b(Y)l(ou)17 b(no)o(w)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f -(t)o(w)o(o)g(di\013eren)o(t)h(unnamed)h(elemen)o(ts.)26 -b(Unnamed)18 b(means)f(that)f(the)75 2156 y(la)o(y)o(out-name)k(of)g -(the)h(elemen)o(t)g(hasn't)f(b)q(een)h(set)g(y)o(et.)35 -b(Selecting)22 b Fh(description)i Fo(from)19 b(the)i -Fh(Display)75 2210 y Fo(men)o(u)15 b(displa)o(ys)h(the)f(description)h -(string)f(of)f(the)h(t)o(w)o(o)f(circuits)i(whic)o(h)g(are)e(CPU)h(and) -g(FPU.)f(The)h(v)m(al-)75 2265 y(ues)f(of)e(the)i(circuits)g(are)f(set) -g(to)g(MC68030)e(and)j(MC68882.)j(Eac)o(h)c(of)g(the)g(names)h(of)e(an) -i(elemen)o(t)g(ma)o(y)75 2320 y(b)q(e)19 b(c)o(hanged)f(b)o(y)h -Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p Fh(n)h Fo(at)e(the)g(elemen)o(ts)h(lo)q(cation)g -(and)g(editing)g(the)f(old)h(name)f(in)h(the)g(b)q(ottom)75 -2375 y(input)d(line.)21 b(Naming)15 b(pins)g(and)g(vias)g(is)g(similar) -g(to)f(elemen)o(ts.)21 b(Y)l(ou)14 b(can)h(hide)h(the)f(elemen)o(t)g -(name)f(so)75 2430 y(that)j(it)h(w)o(on't)e(app)q(ear)i(on)f(the)h(b)q -(oard)f(silkscreen)i(b)o(y)f(pressing)g Fm(<)p Fh(key)p -Fm(>)p Fh(h)j Fo(with)c(the)h(cursor)f(o)o(v)o(er)g(the)75 -2484 y(elemen)o(t.)k(Doing)15 b(so)g(again)g(un-hides)i(the)e(elemen)o -(t)h(name.)137 2550 y(En)o(tering)g Ff(:le)e Fo(and)i(selecting)g(an)f -(elemen)o(t)h(data)f(\014le)h(is)g(the)f(second)h(w)o(a)o(y)e(to)h -(load)g(circuits.)137 2615 y(The)23 b(third)f(w)o(a)o(y)f(to)h(create)g -(a)g(new)g(elemen)o(t)h(is)f(to)g(cop)o(y)g(an)g(existing)h(one.)41 -b(Please)23 b(refer)f(to)75 2670 y(Section)16 b(2.5)e([Mo)o(ving)h(and) -g(Cop)o(ying],)g(page)g(19.)p eop -%%Page: 18 19 -18 18 bop 75 -58 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(2:)k(Getting)c(Started)1209 -b(18)137 149 y(The)14 b(fourth)e(w)o(a)o(y)g(to)g(create)h(a)g(new)g -(elemen)o(t)h(is)f(to)g(con)o(v)o(ert)f(a)h(bu\013er's)f(con)o(ten)o -(ts)h(in)o(to)g(an)g(elemen)o(t.)75 204 y(Here's)19 b(ho)o(w)f(it's)h -(done:)27 b(Select)20 b(the)f(Via-to)q(ol)g(from)f(the)h 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Fh(Key)p -Fm(>)p Fh(d)j Fo(or)12 b(select)i Fh(show)h(pinout)75 -931 y Fo(from)i(the)h Fh(Obje)n(cts)i Fo(men)o(u.)27 -b(A)18 b(new)g(windo)o(w)g(p)q(ops)g(up)g(and)g(displa)o(ys)g(the)g -(complete)g(pinout)h(of)e(the)75 986 y(elemen)o(t.)j(This)15 -b(displa)o(y)g(can)f(b)q(e)h(di\016cult)g(to)f(read)g(if)g(the)g(comp)q -(onen)o(t)g(has)g(b)q(een)h(rotated)e(90)h(degrees)75 -1041 y(:-\()h(therefore,)f(the)i(new)f(windo)o(w)g(will)i(sho)o(w)e(an) -g(un-rotated)g(view)h(so)f(the)g(pin)h(names)g(are)f(readable.)75 -1096 y Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p Fh(d)21 b Fo(displa)o(ys)c(the)f(name)g -(of)g(one)g(or)g(all)h(pins/pads)g(inside)h(the)e(dra)o(wing)g(area,)g -(this)g(is)h(only)g(for)75 1150 y(displa)o(y)f(on-screen,)g(it)f(has)g -(no)g(e\013ect)g(on)h(an)o(y)e(prin)o(ting)i(of)f(the)h(la)o(y)o(out.) -137 1220 y(Y)l(ou)d(also)g(ma)o(y)f(w)o(an)o(t)f(to)h(c)o(hange)h(a)f -(pin's)h(or)f(pad's)h(curren)o(t)f(size)i(b)o(y)e(pressing)i -Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p Fh(s)h Fo(to)d(increase)75 1275 -y(or)j Fh(Shift)p Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p Fh(s)j Fo(to)c(decrease)i(it.) -k(While)d(this)f(is)f(p)q(ossible,)i(it)f(is)f(not)g(recommended)h -(since)h(care)e(w)o(as)75 1330 y(probably)i(tak)o(en)f(to)f(de\014ne)i -(the)g(elemen)o(t)g(structure)f(in)h(the)f(\014rst)g(place.)24 -b(Y)l(ou)16 b(can)g(also)h(c)o(hange)f(the)75 1384 y(thic)o(kness)h(of) -g(the)f(elemen)o(t's)h(silkscreen)i(outline)f(with)e(the)h(same)g(k)o -(eys.)23 b(Y)l(ou)17 b(can)g(c)o(hange)g(whether)75 1439 -y(a)f(pin)i(or)e(SMD)h(pad)g(is)g(rounded)g(or)g(square)f(with)h(the)g -Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p Fh(q)p Fo(.)24 b(SMD)17 b(pads)g(should)g -(usually)h(ha)o(v)o(e)75 1494 y(squared)d(ends.)20 b(Finally)l(,)c(y)o -(ou)e(can)h(c)o(hange)g(whether)g(the)f(non-square)h(pins)h(are)e -(round)h(or)f(o)q(ctagonal)75 1549 y(with)i(the)f Fh(!Ctrl)p -Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p Fh(o)p Fo(.)137 1618 y(SMD)j(elemen)o(ts)h(and)g -(silkscreen)g(ob)s(jects)f(are)g(dra)o(wn)g(in)h(the)f -Fm(")p Fo(in)o(visible)j(ob)s(ject)p Fm(")d 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b(2:)k(Getting)c(Started)1209 -b(21)75 149 y(`)p Fm(PCBMAX)p Fo(')70 b(iden)o(ti\014es)17 -b(the)e(highest)h(x)f(and)h(y)f(co)q(ordinates)g(in)h(mil.)75 -233 y(`)p Fm(PCBOFFSET)p Fo(')315 287 y(is)g(set)f(to)f(the)i(x)f(and)g -(y)g(o\013set)f(in)i(mil.)75 370 y(`)p Fm(PCBSCALE)p -Fo(')315 425 y(is)g(a)f(\015oating)g(p)q(oin)o(t)g(v)m(alue)i(whic)o(h) -f(iden)o(ti\014es)h(the)e(scaling)h(factor.)75 508 y(`)p -Fm(PCBSTARTDATA)p Fo(')75 563 y(`)p Fm(PCBENDDATA)p Fo(')315 -618 y(all)i(la)o(y)o(out)e(data)g(is)h(included)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)e -(these)g(t)o(w)o(o)e(marks.)24 b(Y)l(ou)17 b(ma)o(y)f(use)h(them)g -(with)315 673 y(an)d Fm(awk)f Fo(script)i(to)e(pro)q(duce)i(sev)o(eral) -f(prin)o(touts)g(on)g(one)g(piece)i(of)d(pap)q(er)i(b)o(y)f -(duplicating)315 728 y(the)k(co)q(de)h(and)f(putting)g(some)g -Fm(translate)e Fo(commands)i(in)h(fron)o(t.)27 b(Note,)18 -b(the)g(normal)315 782 y Fm(PostScript)c Fo(units)i(are)f(1/72)f(inc)o -(h.)75 948 y Fl(2.8)33 b(Connection)22 b(Lists)137 1047 -y 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b(will)h(normally)f(criss-cross)f(all)i(o)o(v) -o(er)75 1549 y(whic)o(h)13 b(giv)o(es)g(rise)g(to)f(the)h(name)f -Fm(")p Fo(rats)g(nest)p Fm(")g Fo(describing)j(a)d(la)o(y)o(out)g -(connected)h(with)g(them.)19 b(If)13 b(a)f(SMD)75 1604 -y(pad)i(is)h(unreac)o(hable)h(on)e(the)g(activ)o(e)h(la)o(y)o(er,)e(a)h -(w)o(arning)h(will)h(b)q(e)e(issued)i(ab)q(out)e(it)h(and)f(the)g -(rat-line)i(to)75 1659 y(that)e(pad)i(will)h(not)e(b)q(e)g(generated.) -137 1726 y(A)i(common)g(w)o(a)o(y)f(to)h(use)g(rats)g(nests)g(is)g(to)g -(place)h(some)f(elemen)o(ts)h(on)f(the)g(b)q(oard,)g(add)g(the)h(rat-) -75 1781 y(lines,)f(and)f(then)g(use)g(a)g(series)g(of)f(mo)o(v)o -(es/rotates)f(of)h(the)h(elemen)o(ts)g(un)o(til)h(the)f(rats)f(nest)h -(app)q(ears)g(to)75 1836 y(ha)o(v)o(e)h(minim)o(um)h(tangling.)27 -b(Y)l(ou)18 b(ma)o(y)e(w)o(an)o(t)g(to)h(iterate)g(this)h(step)f(sev)o -(eral)h(times.)26 b(Don't)16 b(w)o(orry)g(if)75 1891 -y(the)j(la)o(y)o(out)g(lo)q(oks)g(messy)g(-)h(as)e(long)i(as)f(y)o(ou)g 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y(reduce)j(confusion.)20 b(With)14 b(a)g(little)h(practice)g(y)o -(ou'll)f(b)q(e)h(able)g(to)e(ac)o(hiev)o(e)i(a)e(near)h(optimal)h(comp) -q(onen)o(t)75 2274 y(placemen)o(t)h(with)f(the)h(use)f(of)g(a)g(rats)f -(nest.)137 2341 y(Rat-lines)h(are)f(not)g(only)h(used)f(for)g -(assisting)h(y)o(our)e(elemen)o(t)i(placemen)o(t,)g(they)f(can)h(also)f -(help)h(y)o(ou)75 2396 y(to)f(route)g(traces)f(on)i(the)f(b)q(oard.)20 -b(Use)14 b(the)g Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p Fh(m)k Fo(to)c(con)o(v)o(ert)f -(a)h(rat-line)i(under)f(the)f(cursor)g(in)o(to)g(a)75 -2451 y(normal)g(line)i(on)e(the)g(activ)o(e)g(la)o(y)o(er.)19 -b(Inserting)c(a)f(p)q(oin)o(t)h(in)o(to)f(a)g(rat-line)h(will)g(also)f -(cause)h(the)f(t)o(w)o(o)f(new)75 2506 y(lines)j(to)f(b)q(e)g(normal)g -(lines)i(on)e(the)g(b)q(oard.)k(Another)c(w)o(a)o(y)f(that)g(y)o(ou)h -(can)g(use)g(rat-lines)h(is)f(to)g(use)g(the)75 2560 -y Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p Fh(f)24 b Fo(with)15 b(the)f(cursor)h(o)o(v)o -(er)e(a)i(pad)f(or)g(pin.)21 b(All)16 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y(the)i(b)q(oard)g(b)q(efore)g(going)h(further.)31 -b(This)19 b(is)h(easy)f(to)f(accomplish)j(since)f(new)f(rat-lines)h -(are)f(nev)o(er)75 1143 y(added)d(where)f(routed)g(connectivit)o(y)i -(already)e(mak)o(es)g(the)g(necessary)g(connections.)75 -1318 y Fl(2.11)32 b(Design)22 b(Rule)h(Chec)n(king)137 -1433 y Fo(After)14 b(y)o(ou'v)o(e)f(\014nished)j(la)o(ying)e(out)g(a)g -(b)q(oard,)f(y)o(ou)h(ma)o(y)f(w)o(an)o(t)g(to)h(c)o(hec)o(k)g(to)f(b)q -(e)i(certain)f(that)g(none)75 1488 y(of)20 b(y)o(our)g(in)o -(terconnections)i(are)e(to)q(o)g(closely)h(spaced)g(or)f(to)q(o)g(ten)o -(uously)h(touc)o(hing)g(to)f(b)q(e)h(reliably)75 1543 -y(fabricated.)h(The)16 b(design)h(rule)g(c)o(hec)o(king)g(\(DR)o(C\))d -(function)j(do)q(es)f(this)g(for)f(y)o(ou.)22 b(Use)16 -b(the)g(command)75 1598 y Fm(")p Fo(:DR)o(C\(\))p Fm(")g -Fo(\(without)j(the)g(quotes)f(of)h(course\))g(to)f(in)o(v)o(ok)o(e)h -(the)g(c)o(hec)o(k)o(er.)31 b(If)19 b(there)g(are)f(no)h(problem)75 -1653 y(areas,)g(y)o(ou'll)h(get)f(a)g(message)g(to)g(that)f(e\013ect.) -32 b(If)20 b(an)o(y)f(problem)h(is)g(encoun)o(tered,)g(y)o(ou)f(will)i -(get)e(a)75 1707 y(message)h(ab)q(out)g(it)h(and)f(the)g(a\013ected)g -(traces)g(will)i(b)q(e)f(highligh)o(ted.)37 b(One)21 -b(part)f(of)g(the)g(trac)o(ks)f(of)75 1762 y(concern)e(will)h(b)q(e)g -(selected,)f(while)i(the)d(other)g(parts)g(of)g(concern)i(will)g(ha)o -(v)o(e)e(the)h Fm(")p Fo(FindConnection)p Fm(")75 1817 -y Fo(highligh)o(ting.)23 b(The)16 b(screen)g(will)i(automatically)e(b)q -(e)g(cen)o(tered)g(in)h(the)e(middle)j(of)d(the)h(ob)s(ject)f(ha)o -(ving)75 1872 y(the)c Fm(")p Fo(FindConnection)p Fm(")h -Fo(\(Green\))e(highligh)o(ting.)21 b(The)11 b(middle)i(of)d(the)h(ob)s -(ject)f(is)i(also)f(the)g(co)q(ordinates)75 1927 y(rep)q(orted)18 -b(to)g(b)q(e)h Fm(")p Fo(near)p Fm(")f Fo(the)h(problem.)30 -b(The)18 b(actual)h(trouble)g(region)f(will)i(b)q(e)f(somewhere)g(on)f -(the)75 1981 y(b)q(oundary)g(of)e(this)i(ob)s(ject.)25 -b(If)17 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-(that)e(none)h(of)f(the)h(maxim)o(um/minim)o(ums)g(of)f(an)o(y)315 -1374 y(size)e(are)g(violated.)19 b(If)12 b Fh(Obje)n(ct)j -Fo(is)d(passed)g(then)g(a)f(single)i(ob)s(ject)e(at)g(the)h(cursor)f -(lo)q(cation)h(is)315 1429 y(c)o(hanged.)19 b(If)10 b(an)o(y)g(of)g -(the)g Fh(Sele)n(cte)n(d)k Fo(argumen)o(ts)9 b(are)h(passed)h(then)f -(all)i(selected)f(and)g(visible)315 1483 y(ob)s(jects)h(of)h(that)f(t)o -(yp)q(e)h(are)g(c)o(hanged.)19 b(If)14 b(the)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g(b)q(eing)h -(mo)q(di\014ed)g(is)g(an)f(elemen)o(t,)h(then)315 1538 -y(the)h(thic)o(kness)h(of)f(the)g(silkscreen)i(lines)g(de\014ning)g -(the)e(elemen)o(t)h(is)g(c)o(hanged.)k(Default:)435 1601 -y Fm(None<Key>s:)70 b(ChangeSize\(Object,)21 b(+5\))435 -1653 y(!Shift<Key>s:)h(ChangeSize\(Object,)f(-5\))75 -1731 y Fo(`)p Fm(ChangeSquare\(Object|Sel)o(ectedEle)o(ments|S)o -(elected)o(Pins\))p Fo(')315 1786 y(T)l(oggles)e(the)h(setting)g(of)f -(the)g(square)g(\015ag.)33 b(The)20 b(\015ag)f(is)h(used)g(to)f(iden)o -(tify)h(a)g(certain)315 1840 y(pin,)c(normally)g(the)g(\014rst)f(one,)g -(of)g(circuits.)22 b(It)16 b(is)g(also)f(used)h(to)f(mak)o(e)g(SMD)g -(pads)g(ha)o(v)o(e)315 1895 y(square)g(ends.)435 1959 -y Fm(None<Key>q:)70 b(ChangeSquare\(Object\))75 2036 -y Fo(`)p Fm(Command\(\))p Fo(')315 2091 y(Calling)17 -b Fh(Command\(\))f Fo(p)q(ops)f(up)h(an)f(input)h(line)h(at)d(the)h(b)q -(ottom)g(of)g(the)g(windo)o(w)g(whic)o(h)315 2146 y(allo)o(ws)d(y)o(ou) -f(to)g(en)o(ter)h(commands.)19 b(Including)14 b(all)f(action)e -(commands!)19 b(The)12 b(dialog)g(ends)315 2200 y(when)18 -b Fh(None)p Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p Fh(R)n(eturn)i Fo(to)c(con\014rm)i -(or)f Fh(None)p Fm(<)p Fh(Key)p Fm(>)p Fh(Esc)n(ap)n(e)i -Fo(to)d(ab)q(ort)h(is)h(en)o(tered.)315 2255 y(Default:)435 -2318 y Fm(<Key>colon:)k(Command\(\))75 2396 y Fo(`)p -Fm(Connection\(Find\))p Fo(')75 2451 y(`)p Fm(Connection\(ResetFoundLi) -o(nesAndRe)o(ctangle)o(s|Reset)o(PinsVias)o(AndPads)o(|Reset\))o -Fo(')315 2506 y(The)16 b Fh(Conne)n(ction\(\))g Fo(action)g(is)h(used)f -(to)g(mark)f(all)j(connections)f(from)e(one)h(pin,)i(line)f(or)315 -2560 y(via)k(to)f(others.)36 b(The)21 b Fh(R)n(esetF)m(oundLinesA)o(n)o -(dR)n(e)n(ctangl)o(es,)e(R)n(esetF)m(oundPinsA)o(ndVias)315 -2615 y Fo(and)14 b Fh(R)n(eset)i Fo(argumen)o(ts)d(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)h -(used)g(to)e(reset)h(all)i(mark)o(ed)e(lines)i(and)e(rectangles,)h -(vias)315 2670 y(and)19 b(pins)h(or)e(all)i(of)f(them.)31 -b(The)19 b(searc)o(h)g(starts)e(with)i(the)g(pin)h(or)f(via)g(at)f(the) -h(cursor)p eop -%%Page: 38 39 -38 38 bop 75 -58 a Fo(Chapter)15 b(5:)k(X11)c(In)o(terface)1255 -b(38)315 149 y(p)q(osition.)30 b(All)20 b(found)f(ob)s(jects)f(are)g -(dra)o(wn)g(with)g(the)h(color)f(de\014ned)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(resource)315 -204 y Fh(c)n(onne)n(cte)n(dColor)p Fo(.)f(See)e(also,)f -Fh(Display\(Description)p Fm(|)p Fh(NameOnPCB)p Fm(|)p -Fh(V)m(alue\))p Fo(.)h(Default:)435 274 y Fm(!Shift<Key>c:)22 -b(Connection\(Reset\))435 326 y(None<Key>f:)70 b(Connection\(Find\))435 -378 y(!Shift<Key>f:)22 b(Connection\(Reset\))75 468 y -Fo(`)p Fm(DeleteRats\(AllRats|Sele)o(ctedRats)o(\))p -Fo(')315 523 y(This)c(routine)f(deletes)h(either)g(all)f(rat-lines)h -(in)g(the)f(la)o(y)o(out,)g(or)f(only)i(the)f(selected)h(and)315 -578 y(visible)f(ones.)j(Non-rat-lines)d(and)e(other)g(la)o(y)o(out)g -(ob)s(jects)f(are)h(una\013ected.)20 b(Default:)435 648 -y Fm(None<Key>e:)70 b(DeleteRats\(AllRats\))435 699 y(!Shift<Key>e:)22 -b(DeleteRats\(SelectedRats\))75 790 y Fo(`)p Fm -(Display\(Description|Nam)o(eOnPCB|V)o(alue\))p Fo(')75 -845 y(`)p Fm(Display\(Toggle45Degree|)o(CycleCli)o(p\))p -Fo(')75 900 y(`)p Fm(Display\(Grid|ToggleGrid)o(\))p -Fo(')75 954 y(`)p Fm(Display\(ToggleRubberBan)o(dMode\))p -Fo(')75 1009 y(`)p Fm(Display\(Center|ClearAnd)o(Redraw|R)o(edraw\))p -Fo(')75 1064 y(`)p Fm(Display\(Pinout|PinOrPad)o(Name\))p -Fo(')315 1119 y(This)16 b(action)g(routines)g(handles)h(some)f(output)f -(related)h(settings.)22 b(It)15 b(is)i(used)f(to)f(cen)o(ter)315 -1174 y(the)d(displa)o(y)i(around)e(the)h(cursor)f(lo)q(cation)h(and)g -(to)f(redra)o(w)f(the)i(output)f(area)g(optionally)315 -1228 y(after)k(clearing)i(the)f(windo)o(w.)25 b(Cen)o(tering)17 -b(is)g(done)g(with)g(resp)q(ect)h(to)e(the)h Fh(grid)k -Fo(setting.)315 1283 y(Displa)o(ying)d(the)g(grid)f(itself)h(ma)o(y)f -(b)q(e)g(switc)o(hed)h(on)f(and)h(o\013)e(b)o(y)h Fh(Grid)22 -b Fo(but)c(only)f(if)h(the)315 1338 y(distance)c(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)f(t)o -(w)o(o)f(pixels)j(exceeds)f(1)p 1060 1338 14 2 v 16 w(DIST)l(ANCE)f -(pixels.)21 b Fm(Pcb)13 b Fo(is)g(able)h(to)f(handle)315 -1393 y(sev)o(eral)k(lab)q(els)h(of)e(an)h(elemen)o(t.)24 -b(One)18 b(of)e(them)g(is)i(a)e(description)i(of)e(the)h(functionalit)o -(y)315 1447 y(\(eg)c(resistor\),)f(the)i(second)g(should)g(b)q(e)g(a)f -(unique)i(iden)o(ti\014er)f(\(R1\))e(whereas)h(the)h(last)f(one)315 -1502 y(is)h(a)g(v)m(alue)h(\(100k\).)j(The)d Fh(Display\(\))f 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b(none)g(of)f(them)g(matc)o(hes)h(but)f(the)h(cursor)f(is)315 -1941 y(inside)i(of)d(an)h(elemen)o(t,)h(the)f(\015ags)g(is)g(toggled)g -(for)f(all)i(of)f(its)g(pins)h(and)f(pads.)20 b(F)l(or)13 -b(details)315 1995 y(ab)q(out)i(rubb)q(erbands)h(see)g(also)f(the)g -(details)i(ab)q(out)e Fh(Mo)n(de)p Fo(.)k(Default:)435 -2065 y Fm(None<Key>c:)46 b(Display\(Center\))435 2117 -y(None<Key>d:)g(Display\(PinOrPadName\))435 2169 y(!Shift<Key>d:)22 -b(Display\(Pinout\))435 2221 y(None<Key>r:)46 b -(Display\(ClearAndRedraw\))435 2273 y(None<Key>.:)g -(Display\(Toggle45Degree\))435 2325 y(None<Key>/:)g -(Display\(CycleClip\))75 2415 y Fo(`)p Fm(DRC\(\))p Fo(')94 -b(Initiates)19 b(design)f(rule)h(c)o(hec)o(king)g(of)e(the)h(en)o(tire) -g(la)o(y)o(out.)26 b(Must)18 b(b)q(e)g(rep)q(eated)g(un)o(til)h(no)315 -2470 y(errors)14 b(are)h(found.)75 2560 y(`)p Fm(EditLayerGroups\(\))p -Fo(')315 2615 y(P)o(ops)f(up)i(a)e(dialog)i(b)q(o)o(x)e(to)h(edit)g -(the)g(la)o(y)o(ergroup)f(setting.)20 b(The)15 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-b(sho)o(ws)f(b)q(oth)g(absolute)g(p)q(osition)h(and)g(p)q(osition)g -(relativ)o(e)f(to)g(the)g(mark.)31 b(If)19 b(a)315 566 -y(mark)f(is)g(already)h(presen)o(t,)g(this)f(routine)h(remo)o(v)o(es)f -(it)g(and)h(stops)e(displa)o(ying)j(relativ)o(e)315 621 -y(cursor)15 b(co)q(ordinates.)20 b(Defaults:)435 689 -y Fm(!Ctrl<key>m:)46 b(MarkCrosshair\(\))75 776 y Fo(`)p -Fm(Mode\(Copy|InsertPoint|L)o(ine|Move)o(|None|P)o(asteBuf)o(fer|Poly)o -(gon|The)o(rmal\))p Fo(')75 831 y(`)p Fm(Mode\(Remove|Rectangle|R)o -(ubberban)o(dMove|T)o(ext|Via)o(\))p Fo(')75 886 y(`)p -Fm(Mode\(Cycle\))p Fo(')75 941 y(`)p Fm(Mode\(Notify\))p -Fo(')75 996 y(`)p Fm(Mode\(Save|Restore\))p Fo(')315 -1050 y(Switc)o(hes)16 b(to)f(a)f(new)i(mo)q(de)g(of)e(op)q(eration.)21 -b(The)15 b(activ)o(e)h(mo)q(de)f(is)h(displa)o(y)o(ed)g(b)o(y)g(a)f -(thic)o(k)315 1105 y(line)e(around)e(the)g(matc)o(hing)h(mo)q(de)f -(selector)h(button.)18 b(Most)10 b(of)h(the)g(functionalit)o(y)i(of)d -Fm(Pcb)315 1160 y Fo(is)16 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-(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)17 b Fc(27)75 1460 y Fe(DEFAULTFON)o(T)7 -b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.) -f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)23 -b Fc(52)75 1508 y Fe(DEFAULTLIB)o(RA)o(RY)8 b Fd(.)s(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)21 b Fc(52)75 1640 y Fl(E)75 1705 -y Fe(elementCol)o(or)6 b Fd(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f -(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -h(.)f(.)22 b Fc(30)75 1752 y Fe(elementCom)o(ma)o(nd)6 -b Fd(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)22 b Fc(27,)13 b(30,)g(45)75 1800 -y Fe(elementCon)o(te)o(nts)o(Co)o(mma)o(nd)8 b Fd(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h -(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)24 -b Fc(32)75 1847 y Fe(elementPat)o(h)7 b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)23 b Fc(31)75 1895 y Fe(elementSel)o(ec)o -(ted)o(Co)o(lor)s Fd(.)s(.)6 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)16 b Fc(30)75 -1943 y Fe(EXITCALL)s Fd(.)s(.)7 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)16 b Fc(52)75 1990 y Fe(EXTRA_INCL)o(UD)o -(ES)8 b Fd(.)s(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)21 -b Fc(52)75 2123 y Fl(F)75 2187 y Fe(fileComman)o(d)9 -b Fd(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)24 b Fc(27,)13 b(31,)g(45)75 -2235 y Fe(filePath)s Fd(.)s(.)7 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) 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Fd(.)c(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h -(.)f(.)24 b Fc(29,)13 b(34)75 440 y Fe(stipplePol)o(yg)o(ons)6 -b Fd(.)t(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)20 b Fc(34)75 -485 y Fe(SYS_LIBRAR)o(IE)o(S)9 b Fd(.)s(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)22 b Fc(52)75 608 y Fl(T)75 669 y Fe(textScale)8 -b Fd(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)24 -b Fc(34)75 792 y Fl(U)75 853 y Fe(useLogWind)o(ow)6 b -Fd(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h -(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)22 -b Fc(35)1012 149 y Fl(V)1012 219 y Fe(viaColor)s Fd(.)t(.)6 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Fd(.)t(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)18 -b Fc(27)75 802 y Fe(-lg)7 b Fd(.)e(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)20 -b Fc(27)75 848 y Fe(-libname)s Fd(.)s(.)7 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f -(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)16 b Fc(27)75 895 -y Fe(-libpath)s Fd(.)s(.)7 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)16 b Fc(28)75 941 y Fe(-llib)6 -b Fd(.)t(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)18 b Fc(28)75 988 y Fe(-llibcont)8 -b 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-(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)18 -b Fc(28)75 1267 y Fe(-rs)7 b Fd(.)e(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)20 -b Fc(28)75 1313 y Fe(-s)8 b Fd(.)d(.)h(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h -(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)20 -b Fc(28)75 1360 y Fe(-save)6 b Fd(.)t(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)18 b -Fc(28)75 1406 y Fe(-sfile)5 b Fd(.)t(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)18 b Fc(28)75 -1453 y Fe(-size)6 b Fd(.)t(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h -(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)18 b Fc(29)75 1499 -y Fe(-v)8 b Fd(.)d(.)h(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)20 b Fc(29)75 -1546 y Fe(-version)s Fd(.)s(.)7 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)16 b Fc(29)75 1672 y Fl(:)75 -1734 y Fe(:actionCom)o(ma)o(nd\()o(\))6 b Fd(.)t(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)h(.)19 b Fc(26)75 1781 y Fe(:l)8 b Fd(.)d(.)h(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f -(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.) -20 b Fc(25)75 1827 y Fe(:le)7 b 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Fc(52)1012 -376 y(connection,)15 b(remo)o(ving)g(an)t Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)17 -b Fc(43)1012 431 y(connections,)e(colors)6 b Fd(.)i(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)20 b Fc(30)1012 486 y(connections,)15 b(creating)f(list)h -(of)6 b Fd(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)19 b Fc(21)1012 541 y(connections,)c(p)q(opup)g(men)o(u) -5 b Fd(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)18 b Fc(13)1012 596 y(connections,)d(reseting)8 -b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)21 b Fc(37)1012 651 y(connections,)15 -b(reseting)f(after)f(elemen)o(t)6 b Fd(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)19 b Fc(28,)13 b(34)1012 706 y(connections,)i(searc)o(hing)g(for)c -Fd(.)6 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-(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)24 b Fc(40)1012 -1490 y Fl(D)1012 1571 y Fc(DEC)t Fd(.)7 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f -(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)17 -b Fc(54)1012 1625 y(default)d(fon)o(t)8 b Fd(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)21 b Fc(27,)13 b(31)1012 1680 -y(default)h(la)o(y)o(out)h(size)d Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.) -f(.)24 b Fc(34)1012 1735 y(default)14 b(library)7 b Fd(.)h(.)f(.)f(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.) -f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)20 b Fc(32)1012 1790 -y(default)14 b(text)f(scaling)h Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)25 -b Fc(34)1012 1845 y(default)14 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b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)25 b Fc(42)1012 2560 -y(drillin)q(g)16 b(hole,)d(c)o(hanging)j(of)c(ob)r(jects)c -Fd(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)21 -b Fc(36)1012 2615 y(drillin)q(g)16 b(hole,)d(setting)i(of)d(initial)k -(size)8 b Fd(.)g(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)22 -b Fc(42)1012 2670 y(D)o(VI)13 b(format)g(of)g(man)o(ual)s -Fd(.)8 b(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)17 b Fc(53)p eop -%%Page: 61 62 -61 61 bop 75 -58 a Fo(Index)16 b(of)f(Concepts)1395 b(61)75 -149 y Fl(E)75 212 y Fc(elemen)o(t)14 b(name,)f(hiding)h -Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)24 b Fc(43)75 258 y(elemen)o(t)14 -b(name,)f(remo)o(ving)h(from)f(silk-screen)h Fd(.)7 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)25 b Fc(43)75 305 y(elemen)o(t,)14 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Fc(37)1012 1448 y(ob)r(ject,)13 -b(c)o(hanging)i(the)f(size)f(of)g(an)8 b Fd(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h -(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)21 b Fc(14)1012 1503 -y(ob)r(ject,)13 b(cop)o(y)h(an)8 b Fd(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)21 b Fc(44)1012 1558 y(ob)r(ject,)13 -b(creating)i(an)6 b Fd(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)20 -b Fc(14)1012 1614 y(ob)r(ject,)13 b(dra)o(wing)i(and)e(remo)o(ving)t -Fd(.)8 b(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.) -17 b Fc(13)1012 1669 y(ob)r(ject,)c(mo)o(v)o(e)h(an)e -Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)25 b -Fc(44)1012 1724 y(ob)r(ject,)13 b(remo)o(ving)i(an)c -Fd(.)c(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)24 b Fc(14,)13 b(43)1012 1780 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Fc(19)1012 2443 y(outputline,)f -(length)e(of)9 b Fd(.)e(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)23 b Fc(27)1012 -2498 y(o)o(v)o(erlap,)14 b(minim)o(um)g Fd(.)7 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)h(.)25 b Fc(23)p eop -%%Page: 63 64 -63 63 bop 75 -58 a Fo(Index)16 b(of)f(Concepts)1395 b(63)75 -149 y Fl(P)75 212 y Fc(pastebu\013er,)14 b(an)g(example)d -Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)22 b Fc(18)75 258 y(pastebu\013er,)14 -b(con)o(v)o(ert)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(to)e(elemen)o(t)f -Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)22 b Fc(17)75 304 y(pastebu\013er,)14 -b(p)q(opup)h(men)o(u)10 b Fd(.)c(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)22 b Fc(13)75 -350 y(pastebu\013er,)14 b(selecting)h(a)8 b Fd(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h -(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)21 -b Fc(40)75 397 y(path)14 b(for)e(elemen)o(t)i(\014les)t -Fd(.)8 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.) -f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)17 b Fc(31)75 443 y(path)d(for)e(fon)o -(t)h(\014les)c Fd(.)e(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)21 -b Fc(31)75 489 y(path)14 b(for)e(la)o(y)o(out)j(\014les)8 -b Fd(.)f(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.) -f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)21 b Fc(31)75 536 -y(path)14 b(for)e(libraries)t Fd(.)d(.)d(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)17 b Fc(32)75 582 y(PC)c(UNIX)t Fd(.)5 b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f -(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.) -f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)16 b Fc(54,)d(55)75 628 y(pin)h(color)8 -b 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-(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.) -f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)24 b Fc(27,)13 b(31)75 606 y(sym)o(b)q(ols,)h(an)g(o)o -(v)o(erview)t Fd(.)7 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)17 -b Fc(4)75 734 y Fl(T)75 795 y Fc(temp)q(orary)d(\014les)f -Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.) -f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)24 b Fc(19,)13 b(28,)g(34)75 -841 y(T)m(eX,)f(problems)t Fd(.)c(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h -(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -h(.)f(.)g(.)17 b Fc(55)75 886 y(texinfo)d(\014le)f Fd(.)6 -b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)24 -b Fc(53)75 932 y(text,)13 b(an)g(example)5 b Fd(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)17 b Fc(16)75 978 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-g(.)h(.)f(.)21 b Fc(35)75 1252 y(thic)o(kness,)14 b(c)o(hanging)h(of)e -(ob)r(jects)5 b Fd(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f -(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)18 b Fc(37)75 1297 y(translations)7 b -Fd(.)i(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)20 -b Fc(35,)13 b(43)75 1343 y(troublesho)q(oting)6 b Fd(.)j(.)d(.)h(.)f(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h -(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)18 b Fc(53)75 1471 y Fl(U)75 -1532 y Fc(undo)t Fd(.)7 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)17 b Fc(43)75 -1578 y(undo,)d(m)o(ulti-action)h(resources)8 b Fd(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f -(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)20 -b Fc(36)75 1623 y(undo,)14 b(p)q(opup)g(men)o(u)6 b Fd(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)18 b Fc(13)1012 149 y(unix)d(command)e -Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)24 -b Fc(27,)13 b(28,)g(30,)g(31,)g(32,)g(34)1012 195 y(unselect)i(ob)r -(jects)s Fd(.)7 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)17 -b Fc(43)1012 241 y(user)d(commands)7 b Fd(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)20 b Fc(24)1012 286 y(user)14 b(input)5 -b Fd(.)j(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)19 b Fc(44)1012 415 y Fl(V)1012 475 y Fc(v)o(ersion,)14 -b(curren)o(t)5 b Fd(.)j(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f -(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)19 -b Fc(29)1012 521 y(vias,)14 b(an)f(example)6 b Fd(.)i(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)19 b Fc(16)1012 567 y(vias,)14 -b(an)f(o)o(v)o(erview)g Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.) -f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)25 b Fc(4)1012 612 y(vias,)14 b(c)o(hanging)h(shap)q(e)f(of)6 -b Fd(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)19 b Fc(37)1012 658 y(vias,)14 -b(color)6 b Fd(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)h(.)f(.)19 b Fc(35)1012 704 y(vias,)14 b(con)o(v)o(erting)h(to)e -(moun)o(ting)i(hole)10 b Fd(.)c(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)23 b Fc(36)1012 749 y(vias,)14 b(setting)g(of)f(initial)j(size)s -Fd(.)7 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)17 b Fc(42)1012 795 y(vias,)d(size)7 -b Fd(.)h(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)21 b Fc(35)1012 841 y(viewing)15 b(side,)f(c)o(hanging)h(of)8 -b Fd(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)22 b Fc(43)1012 886 y(v)o(olume)15 b(of)d(sp)q(eak)o -(er)f Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g -(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)23 b Fc(29,)13 b(35)1012 -1015 y Fl(X)1012 1076 y Fc(X11)f Fd(.)7 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f -(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) -h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)25 -b Fc(29)1012 1121 y(X11)13 b(default)h(translations)6 -b Fd(.)j(.)e(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)19 b Fc(43)1012 1167 y(X11)13 b(resources)g -Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.) 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Fd(.)j(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)19 b Fc(12)1012 1623 y(zo)q(om,)13 b(setting)h(of)d -Fd(.)6 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) -g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)24 b -Fc(42)p eop -%%Page: -1 66 --1 65 bop 1862 -58 a Fo(i)75 149 y Fk(T)-7 b(able)27 -b(of)f(Con)n(ten)n(ts)75 320 y Fl(Cop)n(ying)12 b Fa(.)g(.)e(.)g(.)g(.) -g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g -(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)35 -b Fl(1)75 455 y(History)8 b Fa(.)j(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h -(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.) -h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)30 b Fl(2)75 -590 y(1)67 b(In)n(tro)r(duction)8 b Fa(.)k(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g -(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) -g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)30 b Fl(4)224 659 y Fo(1.1)45 b(Sym)o(b)q(ols)9 -b Fh(.)g(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) -h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g -(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)24 -b Fo(4)224 714 y(1.2)45 b(Vias)6 b Fh(.)h(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h -(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.) -f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h -(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)20 b Fo(4)224 768 -y(1.3)45 b(Elemen)o(ts)13 b Fh(.)7 b(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) -h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h -(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) -h(.)f(.)27 b Fo(4)224 823 y(1.4)45 b(La)o(y)o(ers)6 b -Fh(.)h(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h -(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) -h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)21 -b Fo(5)224 878 y(1.5)45 b(Lines)8 b Fh(.)h(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f -(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.) -g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f -(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)22 b Fo(6)224 933 y(1.6)45 -b(Arcs)t Fh(.)8 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f -(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) -h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f -(.)h(.)f(.)19 b Fo(6)224 988 y(1.7)45 b(P)o(olygons)14 -b Fh(.)7 b(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h -(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.) -f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)29 -b Fo(7)224 1042 y(1.8)45 b(T)l(ext)14 b Fh(.)8 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) -h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h -(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) -h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)29 b Fo(7)75 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