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authordmcmahill <dmcmahill@pkgsrc.org>2000-09-01 15:05:56 +0000
committerdmcmahill <dmcmahill@pkgsrc.org>2000-09-01 15:05:56 +0000
commitabdd9fbf7bbfc45cd1907fb1940e828fbc07dfdb (patch)
tree9630a0f3a99ecab827915576b77121afea7e55fd /cad
parentd5519022f58b3dab92510253ff3a887e2b882f26 (diff)
downloadpkgsrc-abdd9fbf7bbfc45cd1907fb1940e828fbc07dfdb.tar.gz
move the docs out of FILESDIR to a seperate tarball instead of making the
pkgsrc for this pkg be nearly 1Mb. Thanks to Thomas Klausner for pointing this out.
Diffstat (limited to 'cad')
-rw-r--r--cad/pcb/Makefile14
-rw-r--r--cad/pcb/files/index.html109
-rw-r--r--cad/pcb/files/md53
-rw-r--r--cad/pcb/files/pcb.html5715
-rw-r--r--cad/pcb/files/pcb.info4125
-rw-r--r--cad/pcb/files/pcb.ps6489
-rw-r--r--cad/pcb/files/refcard.ps437
7 files changed, 10 insertions, 16882 deletions
diff --git a/cad/pcb/Makefile b/cad/pcb/Makefile
index 31a10a308be..c7a928414a6 100644
--- a/cad/pcb/Makefile
+++ b/cad/pcb/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# $NetBSD: Makefile,v 1.7 2000/08/31 14:55:29 dmcmahill Exp $
+# $NetBSD: Makefile,v 1.8 2000/09/01 15:05:56 dmcmahill Exp $
# FreeBSD Id: Makefile,v 1.19 1998/10/31 18:05:31 jseger Exp
#
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ CATEGORIES= cad
MASTER_SITES= ftp://ftp.linuxppc.org/pub/linuxppc/users/harry/PCB/ \
ftp://ftp.uni-ulm.de/pub/pcb/mirror/
EXTRACT_SUFX= .tgz
+DISTFILES= pcb-1.6.3.tgz \
+ pcb-docs-1.6.3.tar.gz
MAINTAINER= packages@netbsd.org
HOMEPAGE= http://bach.ece.jhu.edu/~haceaton/pcb/
@@ -19,10 +21,10 @@ INFO_FILES= pcb.info
post-install:
${INSTALL_MAN_DIR} ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/
- ${INSTALL_MAN} ${FILESDIR}/index.html ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/
- ${INSTALL_MAN} ${FILESDIR}/pcb.html ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/
- ${INSTALL_MAN} ${FILESDIR}/pcb.info ${PREFIX}/info/
- ${INSTALL_MAN} ${FILESDIR}/pcb.ps ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/
- ${INSTALL_MAN} ${FILESDIR}/refcard.ps ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/
+ ${INSTALL_MAN} ${WRKSRC}/doc/index.html ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/
+ ${INSTALL_MAN} ${WRKSRC}/doc/pcb.html ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/
+ ${INSTALL_MAN} ${WRKSRC}/doc/pcb.info ${PREFIX}/info/
+ ${INSTALL_MAN} ${WRKSRC}/doc/pcb.ps ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/
+ ${INSTALL_MAN} ${WRKSRC}/doc/refcard.ps ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/
.include "../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk"
diff --git a/cad/pcb/files/index.html b/cad/pcb/files/index.html
deleted file mode 100644
index c8d0d6e25c2..00000000000
--- a/cad/pcb/files/index.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<!-- Created by texi2html 1.56k from pcb.texi on 31 August 2000 -->
-
-<TITLE>Pcb 1.6.3 - Table of Contents</TITLE>
-</HEAD>
-<BODY>
-<H1>Pcb</H1>
-<H2>an interactive</H2>
-<H2>printed circuit board</H2>
-<H2>layout system for <CODE>X11</CODE></H2>
-<ADDRESS>Thomas Nau</ADDRESS>
-<P>
-<P><HR><P>
-<UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC1" HREF="pcb.html#SEC1">Copying</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC2" HREF="pcb.html#SEC2">History</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC3" HREF="pcb.html#SEC3">Introduction</A>
-<UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC4" HREF="pcb.html#SEC4">Symbols</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC5" HREF="pcb.html#SEC5">Vias</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC6" HREF="pcb.html#SEC6">Elements</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC7" HREF="pcb.html#SEC7">Layers</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC8" HREF="pcb.html#SEC8">Lines</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC9" HREF="pcb.html#SEC9">Arcs</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC10" HREF="pcb.html#SEC10">Polygons</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC11" HREF="pcb.html#SEC11">Text</A>
-</UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC12" HREF="pcb.html#SEC12">Getting Started</A>
-<UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC13" HREF="pcb.html#SEC13">The Application Window</A>
-<UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC14" HREF="pcb.html#SEC14">The Status-line and Input-field</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC15" HREF="pcb.html#SEC15">The Control Panel</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC16" HREF="pcb.html#SEC16">The Mode Selectors</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC17" HREF="pcb.html#SEC17">Drawing Area</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC18" HREF="pcb.html#SEC18">Menu</A>
-</UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC19" HREF="pcb.html#SEC19">Log Window</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC20" HREF="pcb.html#SEC20">Library Window</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC21" HREF="pcb.html#SEC21">Drawing and Removing Basic Objects</A>
-<UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC22" HREF="pcb.html#SEC22">Lines</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC23" HREF="pcb.html#SEC23">Arcs</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC24" HREF="pcb.html#SEC24">Polygons and Rectangles</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC25" HREF="pcb.html#SEC25">Text</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC26" HREF="pcb.html#SEC26">Vias</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC27" HREF="pcb.html#SEC27">Elements</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC28" HREF="pcb.html#SEC28">Pastebuffer</A>
-</UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC29" HREF="pcb.html#SEC29">Moving and Copying</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC30" HREF="pcb.html#SEC30">Loading and Saving</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC31" HREF="pcb.html#SEC31">Printing</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC32" HREF="pcb.html#SEC32">Connection Lists</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC33" HREF="pcb.html#SEC33">Selection</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC34" HREF="pcb.html#SEC34">Rats Nest</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC35" HREF="pcb.html#SEC35">Design Rule Checking</A>
-</UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC36" HREF="pcb.html#SEC36">User Commands</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC37" HREF="pcb.html#SEC37">Command-Line Options</A>
-<UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC38" HREF="pcb.html#SEC38">Options</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC39" HREF="pcb.html#SEC39">Special Options</A>
-</UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC40" HREF="pcb.html#SEC40">X11 Interface</A>
-<UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC41" HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC42" HREF="pcb.html#SEC42">Actions</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC43" HREF="pcb.html#SEC43">Default Translations</A>
-</UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC44" HREF="pcb.html#SEC44">File Formats</A>
-<UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC45" HREF="pcb.html#SEC45">Basic Types</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC46" HREF="pcb.html#SEC46">Layout File Format</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC47" HREF="pcb.html#SEC47">Element File Format</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC48" HREF="pcb.html#SEC48">Font File Format</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC49" HREF="pcb.html#SEC49">Library Contents File Format</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC50" HREF="pcb.html#SEC50">Library File Format</A>
-</UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC51" HREF="pcb.html#SEC51">Installation and Troubleshooting</A>
-<UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC52" HREF="pcb.html#SEC52">Compiling and Installing</A>
-<UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC53" HREF="pcb.html#SEC53">Editing config.h</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC54" HREF="pcb.html#SEC54">Manuals</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC55" HREF="pcb.html#SEC55">Compiling the Package</A>
-</UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC56" HREF="pcb.html#SEC56">Troubleshooting</A>
-<UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC57" HREF="pcb.html#SEC57">HP Series 700 and 800</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC58" HREF="pcb.html#SEC58">Sun SPARC architecture</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC59" HREF="pcb.html#SEC59">Silicon Graphics</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC60" HREF="pcb.html#SEC60">DEC Alpha</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC61" HREF="pcb.html#SEC61">SCO Unix</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC62" HREF="pcb.html#SEC62">Linux</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC63" HREF="pcb.html#SEC63">FreeBSD and NetBSD</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC64" HREF="pcb.html#SEC64">Problems related to X11</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC65" HREF="pcb.html#SEC65">Problems related to TeX</A>
-</UL>
-</UL>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC66" HREF="pcb.html#SEC66">Index of Resources</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC67" HREF="pcb.html#SEC67">Index of Actions, Commands and Options</A>
-<LI><A NAME="TOC68" HREF="pcb.html#SEC68">Index of Concepts</A>
-</UL>
-<P><HR><P>
-This document was generated on 31 August 2000 using
-<A HREF="http://wwwinfo.cern.ch/dis/texi2html/">texi2html</A>&nbsp;1.56k.
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
diff --git a/cad/pcb/files/md5 b/cad/pcb/files/md5
index 7ca3aad55ad..8309d906a49 100644
--- a/cad/pcb/files/md5
+++ b/cad/pcb/files/md5
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
-$NetBSD: md5,v 1.1.1.1 1998/11/07 14:30:34 frueauf Exp $
+$NetBSD: md5,v 1.2 2000/09/01 15:05:58 dmcmahill Exp $
MD5 (pcb-1.6.3.tgz) = 2649927fd49b89d71a524082b633849e
+MD5 (pcb-docs-1.6.3.tar.gz) = 28756be714b203533c8bea5c80d0571c
diff --git a/cad/pcb/files/pcb.html b/cad/pcb/files/pcb.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 2a0e02218f1..00000000000
--- a/cad/pcb/files/pcb.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5715 +0,0 @@
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<!-- Created by texi2html 1.56k from pcb.texi on 31 August 2000 -->
-
-<TITLE>Pcb 1.6.3</TITLE>
-</HEAD>
-<BODY>
-<H1>Pcb</H1>
-<H2>an interactive</H2>
-<H2>printed circuit board</H2>
-<H2>layout system for <CODE>X11</CODE></H2>
-<ADDRESS>Thomas Nau</ADDRESS>
-<P>
-<P><HR><P>
-
-
-<UL>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC1">Copying</A>: <CODE>Pcb</CODE> is freely redistributable!
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC2">History</A>: How it all began.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC3">Intro</A>: A short description of the basic objects.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC12">Getting Started</A>: Introduction to <CODE>Pcb</CODE>.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC36">User Commands</A>: User commands of <CODE>Pcb</CODE>.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC37">Command-Line Options</A>: Calling <CODE>Pcb</CODE> from a shell.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC40">X11 Interface</A>: Action routines, resources and default translation.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC44">File Formats</A>: Description of <CODE>ASCII</CODE> files used by <CODE>Pcb</CODE>.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC51">Installation</A>: Compiling, installing and troubleshooting.
-</UL>
-
-
-
-<H1><A NAME="SEC1" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC1">Copying</A></H1>
-<P>
-Copyright (C) 1994,1995,1996,1997 Thomas Nau
-
-
-<P>
-This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify
-it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
-(at your option) any later version.
-
-
-<P>
-This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-MERCHANT-ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-<B>GNU General Public License</B> for more details.
-
-
-
-
-<H1><A NAME="SEC2" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC2">History</A></H1>
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX1"></A>
-<CODE>Pcb</CODE> is a handy tool for laying out printed circuit
-boards.
-It was first written for an Atari ST in 1990 and ported to <CODE>UNIX</CODE> and
-<CODE>X11</CODE> in 1994.
-I never had the intention to create another professional layout system,
-but to write a tool which supports people like you who do some
-home-developing of hardware. For this reason it has no auto-router nor
-auto-placement code.
-
-
-<P>
-The second release 1.2 included menus for the first time. This made
-<CODE>PCB</CODE> easier to use and thus a more important tool.
-
-
-<P>
-Release 1.3 introduced undo for highly-destructive commands,
-more straightforward action handling and scalable fonts. Layer-groups
-were introduced to group signal-layers together.
-
-
-<P>
-Release 1.4 provided support for add-on device drivers.
-Two layers (the solder and the component side)
-were added to support SMD elements. The handling of libraries
-was also improved in 1.4.1. Support for additional devices like
-GERBER plotters started in 1.4.4. The undo feature was expanded
-and the redo-feature added in 1.4.5.
-
-
-<P>
-Release 1.5 provides support for rats-nest generation from simple net
-lists. It also allows for automatic clearances around pins that pierce
-a polygon. A variety of other enhancments including a Gerber RS274X
-driver and NC drill file generation have also been added.
-harry eaton (haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu)
-was responsible for most of the changes found in this release.
-
-
-<P>
-Release 1.6 provides automatic screen updates of changed regions.
-This should elliminate most of the need for the redraw (r) key.
-Also some changes to what order items under the cursor are selected
-were made for better consistancy - it is no longer possible to
-accidentally move a line or line point that is completely obscured
-by a polygon laying over top of it. Larger objects on the upper
-most layers can be selected ahead of smaller objects on lower layers.
-These changes make operations more intuitive. A new mode of line
-creation was added that creates two line on 45 degree angles
-with a single click. The actual outline of the prospective line(s) are
-now shown during line creation. An arc creation mode was added.
-Drawn arcs are quarter circles and can be useful for high frequency
-controlled impedance lines. (You can have eighth circle arc if the
-source is compiled with -DARC45, but be aware that the ends of such
-arcs can never intersect a grid point). Two new flags for pins and
-vias were created - one indicates that the pin or via is purely a
-drill hole and has no copper annulus. You can only toggle this flag
-for vias - for elements, it must be an integral part of the element
-definition. The other flag controls whether the pad will be round
-or octagonal. There is also now a feature for converting the contents
-of a buffer into an element. Vias become the pins (or mounting holes),
-lines and arcs on the solder layer become silkscreen, and lines on the
-component layer become the pads. Action commands entered via the colon
-command entry are no longer proceeded with "a ", just type the command
-directly. Several bugs have also been fixed. New
-ones were probably introduced since extensive changes were made.
-harry eaton was responsible for these changes.
-
-
-<P>
-Release 1.6.1 adds the ability to make groups of action commands bound to
-a single X11 event to be undone by a single undo. Also a simple design rule
-checker was added - it checks for minimum spacing and overlap rules. Plus
-many fixes for bugs introduced with the many changes of 1.6
-harry is responsible for these changes too.
-
-
-<P>
-Special thanks goes to:
-
-<PRE>
-Bernhard Daeubler (Bernhard.Daeubler@physik.uni-ulm.de)
-Harald Daeubler (Harald.Daeubler@physik.uni-ulm.de)
-Roland Merk (merk@faw.uni-ulm.de)
-Erland Unruh (Erland.Unruh@malmo.trab.se)
-Albert John FitzPatrick III (ajf_nylorac@acm.org)
-Boerge Strand (borges@ifi.uio.no)
-harry eaton (haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu)
-Andre M. Hedrick (hedrick@Astro.Dyer.Vanderbilt.Edu)
-</PRE>
-
-<P>
-who did most of the alpha and beta testing, helped to port <CODE>PCB</CODE> to
-several operating systems and platforms and corrected several typos in the
-manuals. In addition to these, many others donated time for bug-fixing and
-other important work. Some of them can be identified in the source code
-files. Thanks to all of them.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX2"></A>
-
-
-<H1><A NAME="SEC3" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC3">Introduction</A></H1>
-<P>
-Each layout consists of several, mostly independent, objects. This chapter
-gives an overview of the object types and their relationship to each other.
-For a complete description of how to use <CODE>Pcb</CODE>, refer to
-section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC12">Getting Started</A>.
-The layout is generated on-screen on a grid that has its origin in the
-upper left corner of the screen.
-The x coordinate increases to the right, y increases down to the bottom.
-All distances and sizes in <CODE>Pcb</CODE> are measured in mils (0.001 inch).
-One unit on the display grid is one mil in distance on the board.
-The sections in this chapter are sorted by the
-order of appearance of the objects within a layout file.
-
-
-
-<UL>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC4">Symbol Objects</A>: Information about fonts and symbols.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC5">Via Objects</A>: Vias and pins connect layers.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC6">Element Objects</A>: Element, the basic type of circuits.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC7">Layer Objects</A>: A <SAMP>`container'</SAMP> for lines, text...
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC8">Line Objects</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC9">Arc Objects</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC10">Polygon Objects</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC11">Text Objects</A>: Objects to add symbols to your board.
-</UL>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX3"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX4"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC4" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC4">Symbols</A></H2>
-<P>
-The top object is the layout itself. It uses a set of symbols
-that resides at the first logical level. Each symbol is uniquely identified
-by a seven bit <CODE>ASCII</CODE> code. All layout objects share the same set of
-symbols. These symbols are used to form text objects on the silkscreen
-and copper layers. Undefined symbols are drawn as filled rectangles.
-
-
-<P>
-Every font file is preprocessed by a user-defined command when it is loaded.
-For details see <SAMP>`fontCommand'</SAMP>, section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A>.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX5"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC5" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC5">Vias</A></H2>
-<P>
-Vias are identical to the pins used by elements except that they can be added
-or removed individually.
-The purpose of vias is to provide connections between different layers.
-Don't use vias for adding elements to the layout, even if that seems
-easier than creating a new element.
-Vias are useful for defining arbitrary drill points such as
-those used for mounting a board.
-You can assign a name to a via even though you probably won't ever want to.
-Vias reside at the first logical level; therefore, each
-via exists on all layers. (<EM>i.e.</EM>
-blind vias are not supported)
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX6"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX7"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC6" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC6">Elements</A></H2>
-<P>
-Elements represent the components on a board.
-Elements are loaded from <CODE>ASCII</CODE> coded files in a
-similar manner to the layout file itself.
-They are composed of lines and arcs on the silk-screen
-layer (used to define the package outline) , pins
-(or pads for SMD) and three labels that define the
-description, the element's layout-name (which also
-appears on the silk- screen layer) and its value.
-Element pins are contained on the first logical level
-and so reside on all layers.
-A mark is used to position the element with
-respect to the cursor cross-hair during pasting.
-SMD elements use pads instead of pins.
-Pads are handled similarly to lines on a layer but they must be oriented
-either vertically or horizontally.
-Pads can have either rounded or square ends.
-All parts of an element are treated as one unit.
-It is not possible to delete a single pin or break
-an element into pieces on the layout.
-You can resize separate pieces of an element,
-but doing so is usually a bad idea.
-
-
-<P>
-Elements are supported by several special layers: <EM>silk</EM>, <EM>pins/pads</EM> and
-<EM>far-side</EM>. The <EM>silk</EM> layer shows the package outline and
-also holds legend text and element names. The <EM>pins/pads</EM> layer is used to toggle
-whether the element's pins and pads are displayed. The <EM>far-side</EM> layer controls visibility
-of objects (silkscreen and pads) that are on the far (<EM>i.e.</EM> not currently viewed) side
-of the board.
-
-
-<P>
-Every element file is preprocessed by a user-defined command when the file is read.
-For details see <SAMP>`elementCommand'</SAMP>, section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A>. <CODE>m4</CODE>, the default
-value of <SAMP>`elementCommand'</SAMP>, allows you to create libraries for
-package definitions that are shared by all elements.
-The element libraries distributed with <CODE>Pcb</CODE> expect <CODE>m4</CODE> or an
-equivalent to be the <EM>elementCommand</EM>.
-
-
-<P>
-<CODE>Pcb</CODE> can create a list of
-all connections from one (or all) elements to the others or a list of
-unconnected pins.
-It can also verify the layout connections against a netlist file.
-The element's <SAMP>`layout-name'</SAMP> is the name used to identify an element
-in a netlist file.
-The pin numbering for an element is defined by unique strings assigned to
-each pin. In addition to the "pin number" string, each pin has a "name"
-which describes its function. Previously element pin number was established
-by the order of appearance of the pin definitions in the layout or element
-file. Since the "number" strings for each pin are a new feature, if they are
-absent then the numbering is again established by the order of pin appearance
-in the file.
-In other words, the first pin appearing in the file is pin one, the
-next pin is pin two and so on.
-Usually the names assigned to pins are simply numbers, but they don't
-have to be. It is only necessary that the "number" string for the pin
-matches exactly the "number" string in the netlist file.
-<B>Be aware that a few of the library parts may still be incorrectly
-implemented regarding pin-numbering.</B> All of the DIL (Dual-
-Inline-Pins) parts are correct and most of the others are too,
-but you should verify the pin numbering
-of any non-DIL part (use the <EM>Report Menu</EM> to see what <CODE>Pcb</CODE> thinks a pin's
-number is) before using the rats nest feature with a library part. Hopefully sometime
-soon someone will volunteer to cross-check all of the element libraries and make
-fixes available as necessary.
-<CODE>Pcb</CODE> can also check a layout to see that it meets minimum spacing
-and overlap rules.
-
-
-<P>
-You can make your own quick-and-dirty element definitions graphically now.
-Simply draw vias for the pins
-and lines and arcs on a solder layer for the silkscreen
-outline. You should name each via with the pin number.
-If you want to create a SMD device, draw lines for the pads on a
-component side layer (You must draw these in pin number order since lines can't
-be named). They must be
-either horizontal or vertical or they will not be recognized as pads. Once
-you are happy with the geometry, select everything that is to become part of
-the element, then choose "cut to buffer" from the menu. Now select "convert
-buffer to element" from the menu. Viola'! Afterwards you can make pin one
-square (or pads) if you like, and give the element its various names. Note that the
-element mark corresponds to the cut position when everything was put into the
-buffer. If the vias are not named, then the pin numbering will correspond to the
-order in which the vias were placed.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX8"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC7" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC7">Layers</A></H2>
-<P>
-Every layout consists of several layers that can be used independently
-or treated as a group.
-Layer groups can be used to logically separate (and color-code)
-different traces (<EM>e.g.</EM> power and signal); however, all
-layers within a group reside on the same physical
-copper layer of a board, so using different layers within the same
-group won't provide electrical separation where they touch or overlap.
-For details, see <SAMP>`layerGroups'</SAMP>, section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A>.
-Each layer is drawn in a color defined in the resource file (for
-details see <SAMP>`layerColor'</SAMP>, section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A>) and identified by a name
-that you can change.
-Layers are really just containers for line, polygon, and text objects. The
-component and solder layers contain SMD elements as well, but the
-file structure doesn't reflect that fact directly. Each layer group
-represents a physical layer on the printed circuit board. If you want to make
-a four layer board, you'll need to have four layer groups.
-Connections between layer groups are established only through element pins and vias.
-The relationship between a specific layer and the board itself is configureable from
-the <SAMP>`Edit layer groups'</SAMP> option in the <SAMP>`Objects'</SAMP> menu.
-The layer groups corresponding to the physical layers <EM>component-side</EM>
-and <EM>solder-side</EM> are always defined, and you must map at least one
-logical layer to each.
-Of course, you are not obligated to put tracks on either of them.
-SMD-elements always reside on either the component-side or the solder-side
-layer group.
-You can swap which side of the board you are viewing by pressing
-<EM>&#60;Key&#62;Tab</EM>.
-You can decide which layer group will be the solder side and which will be
-the component side.
-The layers groups just have a name or number associated with them - where
-they are sandwiched in the board is left to the manufacturing processes.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX9"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC8" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC8">Lines</A></H2>
-<P>
-Lines are used to draw tracks on the pc board.
-When in the line mode, each <EM>&#60;Btn1&#62;</EM>
-press establishes one end of a line.
-Once the second point is defined, the line is drawn
-and a new line started where the first one ended.
-You can abondon the new starting point in favor
-of another by pressing <EM>Ctrl&#60;Btn1&#62;</EM>.
-The undo function (<EM>&#60;Key&#62;u</EM>) will take you back
-point by point if you use it while in the line mode.
-New lines can be restricted to 45 degree angles if desired. You can toggle this
-restriction on and off while creating lines by pressing <EM>&#60;Key&#62;.</EM> (that is the
-<EM>period</EM> key). If the 45 degree restriction is turned on, then the <EM>&#60;Key&#62;/</EM>
-can be used to cylce through three different modes of 45 degree line creation.
-One mode just creates a single line forced to the nearest 45 degree vector. The next
-mode creates two lines from the start to end points such that the first line leaves the
-start point at a 90 degree vector, and the second line enters the end point on a 45
-degree vector. The next mode creates two lines such that the first line leaves the
-start point on a 45 degree vector and arrives at the end point on a 90 degree vector.
-You can temporarily swap between the last two modes by holding the shift key down.
-It is simple to edit a line type object by breaking it into pieces (insert point mode),
-moving an end point (or the whole line) (<EM>&#60;Btn2Down&#62;&#60;drag&#62;&#60;Btn2Up&#62;</EM>),
-or changing the layer it resides on (<EM>&#60;Key&#62;m</EM> moves the line under the pointer
-to the active layer).
-In the case when two line segments meet at exactly the same
-point you can delete the intermediate point, otherwise the delete mode removes an entire line.
-Feel free to experiment
-since <CODE>Pcb</CODE> will allow you to undo anything that materially affects your work.
-If you switch active layers in the midst of placing lines a via will automatically be
-placed, when necessary, in order to continue the connection.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX10"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC9" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC9">Arcs</A></H2>
-<P>
-With version 1.6 it is possible to draw copper arcs. The arcs are restricted to
-be quarter circles. This means they always bend a right angle. They are very similar
-to lines otherwise. They are created on the current layer and have the same thickness
-that new lines will have. The various clicks for creating lines work pretty much the
-same way for creating arcs. The start point for the arc is at the first <EM>&#60;Btn1&#62;</EM>
-position. In order to make the arc curve in the direction desired, drag the mouse along
-the tangent line from the starting position towards the end position. If the grid is
-too coarse, it may not be possible to distinguish whether you've moved over then up,
-or up then over, so if you can't seem to make the arc go the direction you want, you
-should decrease the grid spacing. Alternatively you could drawn the wrong arc, then
-rotate and move it where you want. Like the line tool, after an arc is drawn a new
-starting point is established at the end point. Whenever a start point is established
-by either the line or arc tools it will be retained if you switch directly between the
-tools (e.g. <EM>&#60;Key&#62;F2</EM> for Lines, <EM>&#60;Key&#62;F8</EM> for Arcs. Of course connection
-searches, undo and all the other features you'd expect work with arcs now.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX11"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC10" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC10">Polygons</A></H2>
-<P>
-Sometimes it's useful to fill large areas with solid copper.
-The way to do this is with polygons.
-Polygons can be created in either the polygon mode or the rectangle mode.
-In the polygon mode, you'll have to define each corner of the polygon
-with a mouse click (<EM>&#60;Btn1&#62;</EM>). When the last point is clicked
-exactly on top of the starting point, the polygon is finished.
-Since this can be hard to do, the <EM>Shift&#60;Key&#62;p</EM> will enter the
-final point for you, closing the polygon.
-If the 45 degree angle restriction is turned on
-and you try to close the polygon when it is not possible, you'll get a
-warning instead. If you haven't finished entering a polygon, but want to
-undo one (or more) of the points that you've already defined, use the
-undo command (<EM>&#60;Key&#62;u</EM>).
-With the rectangle tool, defining
-the two opposite corners is sufficient, but of course the resulting
-polygon is a rectangle.
-Like lines, a polygon can by edited by deleting, inserting and moving the points
-that define it.
-<CODE>Pcb</CODE> is capable of handling complex polygons, but
-using a number of simpler ones improves performance of the connection tracing code.
-
-
-<P>
-A new feature in version 1.5 of <CODE>Pcb</CODE> automatically creates clearance
-regions around pins and vias that pierce a polygon. This means that they
-aren't electrically connected to the polygon unless you add "thermals"
-to cross the clearance region.
-Thermals can be added and removed by selecting the thermal mode and clicking
-<EM>&#60;Btn1&#62;</EM> on the pin or via.
-Remember that this only creates connections to the polygon on the active layer.
-The great advantage to this new polygon behavior is that simple or complex ground
-and/or power planes can be easily made with polygons and seen on the screen.
-If you don't want this auto-clearance behavior, or you load a layout created by
-an earlier version of <CODE>Pcb</CODE>, the old behavior
-(shorts to all piercing pins and vias) is available. A <SAMP>`ChangeSize'</SAMP>
-operation (<EM>&#60;Key&#62;s</EM>) toggles a polygon between the new and old polygon/pin
-behavior.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX12"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX13"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC11" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC11">Text</A></H2>
-<P>
-Text objects should be used to label a layout or to put additional
-information on the board, but not to identify elements because elements
-have their own labels.
-Text is always horizontal when first created, but the
-rotate mode can align it along 0, 90, 180 and 270 degree angles.
-Text can be moved from any layer to the silk-screen layer with a
-command in the <SAMP>`selection menu'</SAMP>.
-Text that is moved to the silk-screen layer will appear on the
-solder-side silk-screen if it originating on a solder-side layer.
-Otherwise moving it to the silk-screen layer will put it on the
-component-side silk-screen.
-To move text back to a copper layer from
-the silk-screen, use the <SAMP>`MoveToCurrentLayer'</SAMP> (<EM>&#60;Key&#62;m</EM>) command.
-Text on the far side of the board will automatically appear mirror-imaged.
-
-
-<P>
-<B>TEXT OBJECTS ON A COPPER LAYER CREATE COPPER LINES BUT THEY ARE NOT SCANNED FOR
-CONNECTIONS OR TESTED FOR CREATING SHORTS VS. THE NETLIST. NEITHER ARE TEXT OBJECTS TESTED AGAINST ANY DESIGN RULES</B>.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX14"></A>
-
-
-<H1><A NAME="SEC12" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC12">Getting Started</A></H1>
-<P>
-The goal of this chapter is to give you enough information to learn how
-<CODE>Pcb</CODE> works and how to develop your layouts to make the best use of <CODE>Pcb</CODE>'s
-features. All event translations (<EM>i.e.</EM> the buttons and keys you
-press) refer to the default application resource file shipped with <CODE>Pcb</CODE>.
-There is probably no need to change them unless your window
-manager uses some of the button events itself; however, if you <EM>want</EM>
-to customize the behavior of <CODE>Pcb</CODE> then changing the resource file
-is usually the best way to do it.
-
-
-<P>
-Get yourself a printout of this chapter and <EM>User Commands</EM>, if you
-haven't already done so, and follow the examples.
-An example layout may be found in <TT>`example/68HC11'</TT>.
-An example illustrating some version 1.5 features is found in
-<TT>`example/LED'</TT> along with its corresponding netlist file <TT>`example/LED.NET'</TT>.
-
-
-<P>
-Start <CODE>Pcb</CODE> (the actual command will use all lower-case letters)
-without any additional options.
-If you get the error message:
-
-
-
-<PRE>
- can't find default font-symbol-file 'default_font'
-</PRE>
-
-<P>
-then the font searchpath or filename in the application resource
-file is wrong. Be sure that your <CODE>m4</CODE> program supports searchpaths.
-If not, get <CODE>GNU m4</CODE>.
-For other messages, see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC56">Troubleshooting</A>.
-Another quick-start is provided by <CODE>pcbtest.sh</CODE> in the <TT>`src'</TT>
-directory.
-
-
-
-<UL>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC13">Application Window</A>: The elements of the main window.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC19">Log Window</A>: The optional logging window
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC20">Library Window</A>: The circuit selection window
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC21">Drawing and Removing</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC29">Moving and Copying</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC30">Loading and Saving</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC31">Printing</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC32">Connection Lists</A>: How to get a list of all or some connections.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC33">Selection</A>: Commands which handle more than one object.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC34">Rats Nest</A>: Helps you place and route tracks against a netlist.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC35">Design Rule Checking</A>
-</UL>
-
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC13" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC13">The Application Window</A></H2>
-<P>
-The main window consists of five areas:
-the menu at the top, the control panel in the upper left corner, the mode buttons
-located below the control panel, the drawing area to the right of these, and the
-status line at the bottom of the window.
-
-
-
-<UL>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC14">Status-line and Input-field</A>: What is the program configuration.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC15">Control Panel</A>: Switch layers on/off; change current one.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC16">Mode Selectors</A>: Select an operation mode.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC17">Drawing Area</A>: Where the layout is drawn.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC18">Menu</A>
-</UL>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX15"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX16"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX17"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC14" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC14">The Status-line and Input-field</A></H3>
-<P>
-The status-line is located at the bottom edge of the main window.
-During normal operation the status information is visible there.
-When a selected menu operation requires an additional button click, the
-status-line is replaced by a message telling you to position the cursor
-and click.
-When a text input is required, the status-line is replaced by the
-Input-field which has a prompt for the typed input.
-
-
-<P>
-The status-line shows, from left to right, the side of the board that you
-are viewing (<EM>&#60;Key&#62;Tab</EM> changes this), if an absolute
-(abs) or relative (rel) grid is used, if new lines are restricted to 45 degrees,
-which type of 45 degree line mode is active, whether rubberband move and
-rotate mode is on (R), the current grid values, and the zoom factor.
-This information is followed by the line-width, via-size
-and drilling hole in mil, text scaling, the active buffer number and the
-name of the layout. An asterisk appearing at the left edge indicates the
-layout has been modified since the last save.
-Note that the name of the layout is not the same
-thing as the filename of the layout.
-
-
-<P>
-The input-field pops up (temporarily replacing the status-line) whenever user input
-is required. Two keys are bound to the input field: <EM>&#60;Key&#62;Escape</EM>
-aborts the input, <EM>&#60;Key&#62;Return</EM> finishes it.
-
-
-<P>
-The present cursor position is displayed in the upper right corner of the window.
-Normally this position is an absolute coordinate, but with
-version 1.5 of <CODE>Pcb</CODE> you can anchor a marker at
-the current cursor location by pressing <EM>Ctrl&#60;Key&#62;m</EM> then the
-display will read both the absolute cursor position as well as the difference
-between it and the marker. Pressing <EM>Ctrl&#60;Key&#62;m</EM> again turns the marker off.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX18"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX19"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX20"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX21"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC15" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC15">The Control Panel</A></H3>
-<P>
-The control panel, located at the left side of the window, is used to turn on
-and off the display of layer groups and to select the active drawing layer.
-If a layer hasn't been named, the label "<EM>(unknown)</EM>" is used as the defualt.
-
-
-<P>
-The upper control box is used to switch layers on and off. Click
-<EM>&#60;Btn1Down&#62;</EM> on one or more of them. Each click toggles the setting.
-The currently active layer can't be switched off.
-The layout is refreshed when the pointer reenters the drawing area. This
-prevents excessive redrawing when the visibility of several layers is changed.
-When the layers are grouped, clicking on these fields will toggle
-the visibility of all layers in the same group. This is a good idea because
-layers in the same group reside on the same physical layer of
-the actual board.
-Use the <SAMP>`Edit layer groups'</SAMP> option in the <SAMP>`Objects'</SAMP> menu to
-change the layer groupings.
-Grouping layers is only useful for helping you to color-code
-signals in your layout. Note that grouping layers actually reduces the number
-of different physical layers available for your board, thus to make an eight
-layer board, you cannot group any layers.
-
-
-<P>
-<EM>far side</EM> turns on and off the visibility of elements
-(including SMD pads) on the opposite
-board side, as well as silk screening on that side. It does not automatically
-hide the x-ray view of the other copper layers, these must be turned off
-separately if desired. Use the <EM>tab</EM> key to view the entire board from the other
-side. To see a view of what the back side of the board will actually look like,
-make the solder layer the active layer then press <EM>tab</EM> until the status
-line says "solder" on the right, then turn off the visibility of all other layers
-except pins/pads, vias, and silk.
-
-
-<P>
-The lower control menu, named <EM>active</EM>, is used to change the active
-drawing layer. <EM>&#60;Btn1Down&#62;</EM> pops up a menu to select a one.
-Each entry is labeled with the layer's name and drawn in its color.
-The new drawing layer is automatically made visible.
-Try changing the active layer's name to <EM>ABC</EM> by selecting
-<SAMP>`set name of layer'</SAMP> from the <SAMP>`File'</SAMP> menu.
-Changing the active layer also is available with <EM>&#60;Key&#62;1..8</EM>.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX22"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX23"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC16" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC16">The Mode Selectors</A></H3>
-<P>
-The mode selector buttons reside below the control panel.
-They are used to select the operation mode of <CODE>Pcb</CODE>. A mode can be
-thought of as a tool that gets used when <EM>&#60;Btn1&#62;</EM> is pressed.
-Each mode causes the cursor to take on a unique shape that identifies the tool.
-The buttons themselves are icons that illustrate their function.
-The drawing modes can also be selected from the keyboard:
-
-<PRE>
- <EM>&#60;Key&#62;Escape</EM> reset mode
- <EM>&#60;Key&#62;F1</EM> via-mode
- <EM>&#60;Key&#62;F2</EM> line-mode
- <EM>&#60;Key&#62;F3</EM> pastebuffer-mode
- <EM>&#60;Key&#62;F4</EM> rectangle-mode
- <EM>&#60;Key&#62;F5</EM> text-mode
- <EM>&#60;Key&#62;F6</EM> polygon-mode
- <EM>&#60;Key&#62;Insert</EM> insert-point-mode
- <EM>&#60;Key&#62;F7</EM> thermal-mode
- <EM>&#60;Key&#62;F8</EM> arc-mode
-</PRE>
-
-<P>
-The <EM>&#60;Key&#62;Space</EM> cycles through all of the modes in the
-mode button palette.
-
-
-<P>
-Reset-mode is really no mode, and <EM>&#60;Btn1&#62;</EM> has no effect with
-this setting.
-Some of the modes are very simple, such as the via-mode. Clicking
-<EM>&#60;Btn1&#62;</EM> while in this mode creates a via at the cross-hair position.
-The pastebuffer-mode is similar. With this mode, <EM>&#60;Btn1&#62;</EM> copies
-the contents of the active buffer to the layout, but only
-those parts that reside on visible layers are copied.
-The rotate-mode allows you to rotate elements and text objects
-90 degrees counter-clockwise with each click.
-The line-mode is explained in detail in section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC8">Lines</A>.
-The arc-mode is explained in detainl in section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC9">Arcs</A>.
-Rectangle-mode, polygon-mode and thermal-mode are explained in detail in
-section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC10">Polygons</A>.
-Remember that the thermal-mode will only create and destroy thermals
-to polygons on the active layer.
-
-
-<P>
-The insert-point-mode is an editing tool that allows you to add
-points into lines or polygons. With version 1.5 of <CODE>Pcb</CODE>, the
-insert-point-mode enforces the 45 degree line
-rule. You can force only the shorter line segment to 45
-degrees by holding the shift key down while inserting the point.
-The delete-mode deletes the smallest object beneath the cursor with each
-<EM>&#60;Btn1&#62;</EM> click.
-If you use click at an end-point
-that two lines have in common, it will replace the two lines with a single line
-spanning the two remaining points. This can be used to delete an "inserted"
-point in a line, restoring the previous line.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX24"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC17" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC17">Drawing Area</A></H3>
-<P>
-The drawing area is made from a viewport widget that also includes two
-scrollbars. The cursor changes shape depending
-on the current operation mode when the pointer is moved into the drawing area.
-A crosshair follows the X11 pointer with respect to the grid setting.
-Move around and watch the cursor position displayed in the upper right of
-the window.
-Now select a new grid from the <EM>Display</EM> menu.
-The new value is updated in the statusline.
-Now move again and watch the difference. A different way to change the grid is
-<EM>Shift&#60;Key&#62;g</EM> to decrease or <EM>&#60;Key&#62;g</EM> to increase
-it. The grid setting is saved along with the data when you save a pcb layout.
-For homemade layouts a value around 50 is a good setting.
-The cursor also may be moved with the cursor keys or, for larger
-distances, by pressing the <EM>shift</EM> modifier together with a cursor key.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX25"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX26"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC18" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC18">Menu</A></H3>
-<P>
-The menus are located at the top of the drawing area. Most, but not all,
-of their functions are also available from the keyboard.
-Some of the entries such as <EM>center</EM> require a certain cursor position.
-In this case a statusline will popup at the bottom with wording similar to
-the following:
-
-<PRE>
- move pointer to the appropriate screen position and press a button
-</PRE>
-
-<P>
-Any mouse button will do the job, whereas any key except the cursor keys
-will cancel the operation. For details see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC42">Actions</A>.
-
-
-<DL COMPACT>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`About'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<A NAME="IDX27"></A>
-
-There is no menu hiding behind this button, but a small information box will
-pop up.
-
-<A NAME="IDX28"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`File'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This menu offers a choice of loading, saving and printing data, saving
-connection information to a file or quitting the application.
-You also may change the layout's or the active layer's name. Selecting
-<EM>print layout</EM> pops up a printer control dialog which is, hopefully,
-self explaining. This box contains a panner widget (only <CODE>X11R5</CODE> and later)
-which simplifies adjusting the offsets. With earlier releases the printout
-will always appear in the upper left corner with respect to the media margins.
-
-A selection of several device drivers is available from the printer control
-dialog. Presently <EM>PostScript</EM>, <EM>encapsulated PostScript</EM>,
-and <EM>GerberX</EM> are supported. <EM>GerberD</EM> support may be forthcoming.
-It requires a rastering engine that pcb presently lacks.
-
-<A NAME="IDX29"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX30"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX31"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX32"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX33"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX34"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Display'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The display menu supports the most needed functions related to
-screen output. The entries are used to change the grid to some popular
-values, the zoom factor, the displayed element name and also are used
-to center or refresh the output.
-You also may switch grid-displaying on or off and select between
-absolute grid (origin at (0,0)) or relative grid (origin at the position where
-the grid has been changed). The relative grid position is now
-established at the actual pointer position, NOT necessarily the same
-as the crosshair position. This allows you to shift the grid without
-changing the grid spacing. I recommend that you zoom in as close as
-possible before setting a relative grid so that you're sure the grid
-lines fall where you want.
-The clipping to 45-degree lines is selected in this menu, as well as
-enabling rubberband mode (see description of <EM>Mode</EM>).
-
-<A NAME="IDX35"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Sizes'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This menu allows you to select a group of line thickness, via diameter and via drill
-size (collectively called a "routing style") to be coppied to the "active" sizes.
-You can also change the names given to these styles and adjust their values from
-this menu. You can also edit the "active" sizes (the initial size of new vias,
-drilling holes, lines, text-objects and the current maximum size of the layout)
-from this menu.
-
-<A NAME="IDX36"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX37"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX38"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Objects'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Displaying the pinout of an element and changing its names, the one
-that is currently selected by the <EM>Display</EM> menu, as well as
-editing a text object is offered by this menu. The latter two selections
-require an additional pointer button click at the object's position.
-A dialog for changing the layer groupings is also reached from this
-menu.
-
-<A NAME="IDX39"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX40"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX41"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX42"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX43"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Selection'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This menu covers most of the operations that work with selected objects.
-You may either (un)select all visible objects of a layout or only the ones
-which have been found by the last connection scan. The mouse can also
-be used to change which things are and are not selected:
-toggle the selection of a single object by pressing
-<EM>&#60;Btn3Down&#62;</EM> and releasing without moving the mouse.
-Pressing <EM>Mod1&#60;Btn3Down&#62;</EM>, moving and
-releasing the button selects all visible objects inside the
-rectangle. Pressing the modifier key <EM>Shift</EM> too, unselects all
-objects in the area. You can delete all selected objects from this
-menu, and also move selected text objects to the silk-screen layer.
-The other entries change the sizes of visible and selected objects.
-
-<A NAME="IDX44"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX45"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Buffer'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This menu handles pastebuffer related actions. You may select one out of five
-(per viewing side) buffers to use, rotate or clear its contents and paste
-it to the layout. You can also gather objects in the buffer into an element definition
-from this menu.
-Note: only visible objects are pasted to the layout.
-
-<A NAME="IDX46"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Connections'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The entries available through the connections menu button allow the user to find
-connections from pins or vias and to manipulate these.
-The connection lists may be saved by selecting entries from the
-<EM>File</EM> menu. In many cases it is desireable to use the ratsnest
-function to check connections against a netlist file instead of using the
-connections menu to generate text connection lists.
-
-<A NAME="IDX47"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Undo'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This menu is a frontend for managing the reversing of operations
-such as remove, copy, move, name changes, etc. The number of
-operations is unlimited (depending on memory). The list is cleared if
-new layout data is loaded or by selecting the appropriate entry from
-this menu. The inverse operation, redo, is also available.
-
-<A NAME="IDX48"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Report'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This menu allows you to generate a dialog that summerizes information
-about an object such as sizes and coordinates. You can also get a report
-about all of the drills that are used on the board.
-
-</DL>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX49"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX50"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC19" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC19">Log Window</A></H2>
-<P>
-This optional window is used to display all kind of messages including
-the ones written to <EM>stderr</EM> by external commands. The main advantage is
-that its contents are saved in a scrolling list until the
-program exits. Disabling this feature by setting the resource
-<EM>useLogWindow</EM> to <EM>false</EM> will generate popup windows to display
-messages. The <EM>stderr</EM> of external commands will appear on <CODE>Pcb</CODE>s
-<EM>stderr</EM> which normally is the parent shell. I suggest you iconify
-the window after startup for example by setting <EM>*log.iconic</EM> to
-<EM>true</EM>. If <EM>raiseLogWindow</EM> is set <EM>true</EM>,
-the window will deiconify and raise itself whenever new messages are to be
-displayed.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX51"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC20" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC20">Library Window</A></H2>
-<P>
-First appearing in 1.4.1 the library window is one of the best new features
-in my opinion. It simplifies loading circuits quiet a lot just by selecting
-the appropriate type from the menu at the top. A circuit is then selected
-by simply double-clicking on the text line. For details on libraries
-check-out section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC50">Library File Format</A> and section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC49">Library Contents File Format</A>.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX52"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX53"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX54"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX55"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC21" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC21">Drawing and Removing Basic Objects</A></H2>
-<P>
-There are several ways of creating new objects: you may draw them yourself,
-you may copy an existing object or you may load an element from a file or
-library. Creating new objects is normally related to a special
-mode depending on the object type.
-The notation of key and button events is the same as described in the
-X11 Intrinsics manual.
-
-
-<P>
-The operation mode may be selected by one of the mode selectors in the bottom
-left corner, by one of the function keys listed earlier in this chapter,
-or by pressing the space bar to cycle through the modes.
-<EM>&#60;Btn1Down&#62;</EM> sends a notify request to the application which
-responds by creating or changing the appropriate object or at least takes
-the first step to do so. Switching to a mode causes the cursor to take
-on a unique shape and also causes the cooresponding
-mode selector button to be drawn with thick lines. You can use either cue
-to see which mode is currently selected.
-
-
-<P>
-Removing objects is possible using <EM>&#60;Key&#62;BackSpace</EM> (or <EM>&#60;Key&#62;Delete</EM>
-on some machines)
-which deletes the object at the cursor location. If more than one object
-is located at the same position, the smallest matching type will be chosen.
-If two or more of the same type are the smallest at the position, then the
-newest one will be deleted.
-You also may change to <EM>remove-mode</EM> and click <EM>&#60;Btn1Down&#62;</EM>
-at the location of the objects which are to be removed. If you "remove"
-the end-point where two lines connect, it will remove the point of
-connection leaving a single line that spans the far end points.
-
-
-<P>
-Rotating works in a similar fashion. Change the mode and press
-<EM>&#60;Btn1Down&#62;</EM> at the object's location. Remember only text,
-elements and arcs can be rotated. (Anything including groups of objects
-may be rotated inside a buffer using the rotate buffer menu option.)
-
-
-<P>
-Insert mode provides the capability of inserting new points into existing
-polygons or lines. The 45 degree line clipping is now enforced when selected.
-Press and hold the shift key while positioning the new point to only clip
-the line segment to the nearer of the two existing points to 45 degrees.
-You can also toggle the 45-degree clipping in the middle of a point
-insertion by pressing the <EM>&#60;Key&#62;.</EM>
-If the shift key is not depressed and the 45 degree line clipping mode
-is on, both new line segments must be on 45 degree angles - greatly
-restricting where the new point may be placed. In some cases this can cause
-confusion as to whether an insertion has been started since the two new
-lines may be forced to lie parallel on top of the original line until the
-pointer is moved far from the end points.
-
-
-<P>
-Removing objects, changing their size or moving them only applies to objects
-that are visible when the command is executed.
-
-
-
-<UL>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC22">Lines</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC23">Arcs</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC24">Polygons</A>: Drawing polygons and rectangles.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC25">Text</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC26">Vias</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC27">Elements</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC28">Pastebuffer</A>: A multi-purpose buffer.
-</UL>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX56"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX57"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX58"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX59"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX60"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX61"></A>
-There are several keystrokes and button events refering to an <EM>object</EM>
-without identifying its type. Here's a list of them:
-
-
-<P>
-<EM>&#60;Btn1Down&#62;</EM> creates (or deletes) an object depending on the
-current mode.
-
-
-<P>
-<EM>&#60;Key&#62;BackSpace</EM> or <EM>&#60;Key&#62;Delete</EM> removes the visible
-object at the cursor location. When more than one object exists at the
-location, the order of removal is: via, line, text, polygon and
-element. The drawn layer order also affects the search - whatever is
-top - most (except elements) is affected before lower items. Basically
-all this means that what is removed is probably just what you expect.
-If for some reason it isn't, undo and try again.
-Only one object is removed for each keystroke. If two or more
-of the same type match, the newest one is removed.
-
-
-<P>
-Use <EM>&#60;Key&#62;s</EM> and <EM>Shift&#60;Key&#62;s</EM> to change the size (width)
-of lines, arcs, text objects, pins, pads and vias, or to toggle the style
-of polygons (whether pins and vias automatically have clearances).
-
-
-<P>
-<EM>&#60;Key&#62;n</EM> changes the name of pins, pads, vias, the
-string of a text object, or the currently displayed label of an element.
-
-
-<P>
-<EM>&#60;Key&#62;m</EM> moves the line, arc, or polygon under the crosshair to the
-active layer if it wasn't on that layer already.
-
-
-<P>
-<EM>&#60;Key&#62;u</EM> (undo) recovers from an unlimited number of operations
-such as creating, removing, moving, copying, selecting etc. It works like
-you'd expect even if you're in the midst of creating something.
-
-
-<P>
-<EM>Shift&#60;Key&#62;r</EM> restores the last undone operation provided no other
-changes have been made since the undo was performed.
-
-
-<P>
-<EM>&#60;Key&#62;tab</EM> changes the board side you are viewing.
-
-
-<P>
-For a complete list of keystrokes and button events see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC43">Default Translations</A>.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX62"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX63"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC22" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC22">Lines</A></H3>
-<P>
-To draw new lines you have to be in <EM>line-mode</EM>. Get there either by
-selecting it from the <EM>Tool palette</EM> or by pressing <EM>&#60;Key&#62;F2</EM>.
-Each successive <EM>notify</EM> event creates a new line. The
-adjustment to 45 degree lines is done automatically if it is selected from the
-<EM>Display</EM> menu. You can toggle the 45 degree mode setting by
-pressing the <EM>&#60;Key&#62;.</EM> (That is the period key). When 45 degree enforcement
-is turned on there are three distinct modes of line creation: a single
-line on the closest 45 degree vector towards the crosshair (but not necessarily
-actually ending at the crosshair), two lines created such that the first leaves
-the start point on a 90 degree vector and the second arrives at the crosshair
-on a 45 degree vector, and finally two lines created such that the first leaves
-the start point on a 45 degree vector and the second arrives at the crosshair
-on a 90 degree vector. These last two modes always connect all the way from
-the start and end points, and all lines have angles in 45 degree multiples.
-The <EM>&#60;Key&#62;/</EM> cycles through the three modes. The status line shows a
-text icon to indicate which of the modes is active and the lines following
-the crosshair motion show the outline of the line(s) that will actually be created.
-Press <EM>&#60;Key&#62;Escape</EM> to leave line-mode.
-
-
-<P>
-<EM>&#60;Key&#62;l</EM>, <EM>Shift&#60;Key&#62;l</EM> and the entries in the
-<EM>Sizes</EM> menu change the initial width of new lines. This width is also
-displayed in the status line.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX64"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC23" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC23">Arcs</A></H3>
-<P>
-An Arc is drawn with the <EM>arc-tool</EM>. Get there either by selecting it
-from the <EM>Tool palette</EM> or by pressing <EM>&#60;Key&#62;F8</EM>. Press <EM>Btn1</EM> to
-define the starting point for the arc. Drag the mouse towards the desired
-end point along the path you want the arc to follow. The outline of the arc that
-will be created is shown on the screen as you move the mouse. Arcs are always
-forced to be 90 degrees and have symmetrical length and width ( i.e. they are
-a quarter circle). The next <EM>Btn1</EM> click creates the arc. It will have
-the same width as new lines (displayed in the status line) and appear on the
-active layer. The arc leaves the starting point towards the crosshair along
-the axis whose distance from the crosshair is largest. Normally this means that
-if you drag along the path you want the arc to follow, you'll get what you
-want. If the grid is set to the arc radius, then the two distances will be
-equal and you won't be able to get all of the possible directions. If this
-is thwarting your desires, reduce the grid spacing (<EM>!Shift&#60;Key&#62;G</EM>) and
-try again.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX65"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX66"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX67"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX68"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC24" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC24">Polygons and Rectangles</A></H3>
-<P>
-A polygon is drawn by defining all of its segments as a series of
-consecutive line segments. If the first point matches a new one and if
-the number of points is greater than two, then the polygon is closed.
-Since matching up with the first point may be difficult, you may use
-<EM>Shift&#60;Key&#62;p</EM> to close the polygon. The <EM>Shift&#60;Key&#62;p</EM> won't
-work if clipping to 45 degree lines is selected
-and the final segment cannot match this condition.
-I suggest you create simple convex polygons in order to avoid a strong
-negative impact on the performance of the connection scanning routines.
-The <EM>rectangle-mode</EM> is just an easy way to generate rectangular polygons.
-<EM>Polygon-mode</EM> also is selected by <EM>&#60;Key&#62;F6</EM> whereas
-<EM>rectangle-mode</EM> uses <EM>&#60;Key&#62;F4</EM>.
-Pressing a <EM>&#60;Btn1Down&#62;</EM> at two locations creates a rectangle by
-defining two of its corners.
-<EM>&#60;Key&#62;Insert</EM> brings you to <EM>insert-point-mode</EM> which lets you
-add additional points to an already existing polygon.
-Single points may be removed by moving the crosshair to them and selecting
-one of the delete actions <EM>(remove-mode, BackSpace, or Delete</EM>. This only works
-if the remaining polygon will still have three or more corners.
-Pressing <EM>&#60;Key&#62;u</EM> or <EM>&#60;Key&#62;p</EM> while entering a new polygon
-brings you back to the previous corner. Removing a point does not
-force clipping to 45 degree angles (because it's not generally possible).
-Newly created polygons will not connect to pins or vias
-that pierce it unless you create a thermal (using the thermal mode) to make
-the connection. If the edge of a polygon gets too close to a pin or via that
-lies outside of it, a warning will be issued and the pin will be given a
-special color. Increasing the distance between them will remove the warning
-color.
-
-
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC25" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC25">Text</A></H3>
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX69"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX70"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX71"></A>
-Pressing <EM>&#60;Key&#62;F5</EM> or clicking one of the text selector buttons
-changes to <EM>text-mode</EM>.
-Each successive notify event (<EM>&#60;Btn1Down&#62;</EM>)
-pops up the input line at the bottom and queries for a string.
-Enter it and press <EM>&#60;Key&#62;Return</EM> to confirm or
-<EM>&#60;Key&#62;Escape</EM> to abort.
-The text object is created with its upper left corner at the current pointer
-location.
-The initial scaling is changed by <EM>&#60;Key&#62;t</EM> and
-<EM>Shift&#60;Key&#62;t</EM> or from the <EM>Sizes</EM> menu.
-
-
-<P>
-Now switch to <EM>rotate-mode</EM> and press
-<EM>&#60;Btn1Down&#62;</EM> at the text-objects location. Text objects
-on the solder side of the layout are automatically mirrored and
-flipped so that they are seen correctly when viewing the solder-side.
-
-
-<P>
-Use <EM>&#60;Key&#62;n</EM> to edit the string.
-
-
-<P>
-<B>TEXT OBJECTS ON COPPER LAYERS CREATE COPPER LINES BUT THEY ARE NOT SCANNED FOR
-CONNECTIONS</B>. If they are moved to the silkscreen layer, they
-no longer create copper.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX72"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX73"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC26" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC26">Vias</A></H3>
-<P>
-The initial size of new vias may be changed by <EM>&#60;Key&#62;v</EM> and
-<EM>Shift&#60;Key&#62;v</EM> or by selecting the appropriate entry from the
-<EM>Sizes</EM> menu. <EM>Mod1&#60;Key&#62;v</EM> and <EM>Mod1 Shift&#60;Key&#62;v</EM> do
-the same for the drilling hole of the via.
-The statusline is updated with the new values.
-Creating a via is similar to the other objects. Switch to <EM>via-mode</EM>
-by using either the selector button or <EM>&#60;Key&#62;F1</EM> then press
-<EM>&#60;Key&#62;]</EM> or <EM>&#60;Btn1Down&#62;</EM> to create one.
-<EM>&#60;Key&#62;n</EM> changes the name of a via. If you want to create a mounting
-hole for your board, then you can place a via where you want the hole to
-be then convert the via into a hole. The conversion is done by pressing
-<EM>!Ctrl&#60;Key&#62;h</EM> with the crosshair over the via. Conceptually it is
-still a via, but it has no copper annulus. If you create such a hole in
-the middle of two polygons on different layers, it will short the layers.
-Theoretically you could arrange for such a hole not to be plated, but a
-metal screw inserted in the hole would still risk shorting the layers.
-A good rule is to realize that holes in the board really are vias between
-the layers and so place them where they won't interfere with connectivity.
-You can convert a hole back into a normal via with the same keystroke used
-to convery it in the first place.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX74"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX75"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC27" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC27">Elements</A></H3>
-<P>
-Some of the functions related to elements only work if both the package
-layer and the pin layer are switched on.
-
-
-<P>
-Now that you're familiar with many of the basic commands, it is
-time to put the first element on the layout.
-First of all, you have to load data into the paste buffer.
-There are four ways to do this:
-
-<PRE>
- 1) load the data from a library
- 2) load the data from a file
- 3) copy data from an already existing element
- 4) convert objects in the buffer into an element
-</PRE>
-
-<P>
-We don't have any elements on the screen yet nor anything in the
-buffer, so we use number one.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX76"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX77"></A>
-Select <EM>lsi</EM> from the menu in the library window press
-<EM>&#60;Btn1Down&#62;</EM> twice at the appropriate text-line to get
-the MC68030 CPU.
-The data is loaded and the mode is switched to <EM>pastebuffer-mode</EM>.
-Each notify event now creates one of these beasts. Leave the mode
-by selecting a different one or by <EM>&#60;Key&#62;Escape</EM> which resets
-all modes..
-The crosshair is located at the <EM>mark</EM> position as defined by
-the data file. Rotating the buffer contents is done by selecting
-the <EM>rotate</EM> entry of the <EM>Buffer</EM> menu or by pressing
-<EM>Shift&#60;Key&#62;F3</EM>. The contents of the buffer
-are valid until new data is loaded into it either by a cut-to-buffer
-operation, copy-to-buffer operation or by loading a new data file.
-There are 5 buffers
-available. Switching between them is done by selecting a menu entry or
-by <EM>Shift&#60;Key&#62;1..5</EM>.
-Each of the two board sides has its own buffers.
-
-
-<P>
-The release includes all data files for the circuits that are used
-by the demo layout. The elements in the LED example are not found in the library,
-but you can lift them from the example itself if you want.
-If you have problems with the color of the crosshair, change the resource
-<EM>crosshairColor</EM> setting to a different one.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX78"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX79"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX80"></A>
-Now load a second circuit, the MC68882 FPU for example.
-Create the circuit as explained above. You now have two different unnamed
-elements. Unnamed means that the layout-name of the element
-hasn't been set yet. Selecting <EM>description</EM> from the <EM>Display</EM>
-menu displays the description string of the two circuits which
-are CPU and FPU. The values of the circuits are set to MC68030 and MC68882.
-Each of the names of an element may be changed
-by <EM>&#60;Key&#62;n</EM> at the elements location and editing the old name in
-the bottom input line. Naming pins and vias is similar to elements.
-You can hide the element name so that it won't appear on the board
-silkscreen by pressing <EM>&#60;key&#62;h</EM> with the cursor over the element.
-Doing so again un-hides the element name.
-
-
-<P>
-Entering <KBD>:le</KBD> and selecting an element data file is
-the second way to load circuits.
-
-
-<P>
-The third way to create a new element is to copy an existing one.
-Please refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC29">Moving and Copying</A>.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX81"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX82"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX83"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX84"></A>
-The fourth way to create a new element is to convert a buffer's contents
-into an element. Here's how it's done: Select the Via-tool from the
-<EM>Tool pallette</EM>. Set the grid spacing to something appropriate for
-the element pin spacing. Now create a series of vias where the pins
-go. Create them in pin number order. It is often handy to place a reference
-point (<EM>!Ctrl&#60;Key&#62;m</EM>) in the center of the first pin in order to measure
-the location of the other pins. Next make a solder-side layer the active
-layer from the <EM>active-layer</EM> popup menu. Now draw the outline of
-the element using lines and arcs. When you're done, select everything that
-makes up the element with a box selection (<EM>&#60;Btn3Down&#62; drag,
-&#60;Btn3Up&#62;</EM>). Now select "cut selection to buffer" from the <EM>Buffer</EM>
-menu. Position the cursor over the center of pin 1 and press the left
-button to load the data into the buffer.
-Finally select "convert buffer to element" from the <EM>Buffer</EM> menu.
-You'll only want to create elements this way if they aren't already in the
-library. It's also probably a good idea to do this before starting any of
-the other aspects of a layout, but it isn't necessary.
-
-
-<P>
-To display the pinout of a circuit move to it and press <EM>Shift&#60;Key&#62;d</EM>
-or select <EM>show pinout</EM> from the <EM>Objects</EM> menu. A new window
-pops up and displays the complete pinout of the element. This display can
-be difficult to read if the component has been rotated 90 degrees :-(
-therefore, the new window will show an un-rotated view so the pin names
-are readable.
-<EM>&#60;Key&#62;d</EM> displays the name of one or all pins/pads inside the
-drawing area, this is only for display on-screen, it has no effect on any
-printing of the layout.
-
-
-<P>
-You also may want to change a pin's or pad's current size by pressing
-<EM>&#60;Key&#62;s</EM> to increase or <EM>Shift&#60;Key&#62;s</EM> to decrease it. While
-this is possible, it is not recommended since care was probably taken
-to define the element structure in the first place. You can also change the thickness
-of the element's silkscreen outline with the same keys. You can
-change whether a pin or SMD pad is rounded or square with the <EM>&#60;Key&#62;q</EM>.
-SMD pads should usually have squared ends. Finally, you can change whether
-the non-square pins are round or octagonal with the <EM>!Ctrl&#60;Key&#62;o</EM>.
-
-
-<P>
-SMD elements and silkscreen objects are drawn in the "invisible object"
-color if they are located on the opposite side of the board.
-
-
-<P>
-For information on element connections refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC32">Connection Lists</A>.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX85"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX86"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX87"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX88"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC28" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC28">Pastebuffer</A></H3>
-<P>
-The linestack and element-buffer of former releases have been replaced
-by 5 multi-purpose buffers that are selected by
-<EM>Shift&#60;Key&#62;1..5</EM>. The status line shows which buffer is
-the active one.
-You may load data from a file or layout into them.
-Cut-and-paste works too.
-If you followed the instructions earlier in this chapter you should
-now have several objects on the screen. Move the crosshair to one of them
-and press <EM>&#60;Btn3Down&#62;</EM> to toggle its selection flag. (If you drag the
-mouse while the button is down, a box selection will be attempted instead
-of toggling the selection.) The object
-is redrawn in a different color. You also may want to try
-moving the pointer while holding the third button down and
-release it on a different location. This selects all objects inside the
-rectangle and unselects everything else. If you want to add a box selection
-to an existing selection, drag with <EM>Mod1&#60;Btn3Down&#62;</EM> instead.
-Dragging <EM>Shift Mod1&#60;Btn3Down&#62;</EM> unselects objects in a box.
-Now change to <EM>pastebuffer-mode</EM> and select some operations from the
-<EM>Buffer</EM> menu. Copying objects to the buffer is available as
-<EM>Mod1&#60;Key&#62;c</EM> while cutting them uses <EM>Mod1&#60;Key&#62;x</EM> as
-shortcut. Both clear the buffer before new data is added.
-If you use the menu entries, you have to supply a crosshair position by
-pressing a mouse button. The objects are attached to the pastebuffer
-relative to that crosshair location.
-Element data or PCB data may be merged into an existing layout by loading
-the datafiles into the pastebuffer. Both operations are available from
-the <EM>File</EM> menu or as user commands.
-
-
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC29" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC29">Moving and Copying</A></H2>
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX89"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX90"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX91"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX92"></A>
-All objects can be moved including element-names, by
-<EM>&#60;Btn2Down&#62;</EM>, draging the pointer while holding the button down
-and releasing it at the new location of the object. If you use
-<EM>Mod1&#60;Btn2Down&#62;</EM> instead, the object is copied. Copying does not work for
-element-names of course. You can move all selected objects with
-<EM>Shift &#60;Btn1Down&#62;</EM>. This uses the Pastebuffer, so
-it will remove whatever was previously in the Pastebuffer.
-Please refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC28">Pastebuffer</A>.
-If you want to give a small nudge to an object, but you don't think
-that the mouse will give you the fine level of control that you want,
-you can position the cursor over the object, press <EM>&#60;Key&#62;[</EM>,
-move it with the arrow keys, then press <EM>&#60;Key&#62;]</EM> when it's at the
-desired position. Remember that all movements are forced onto grid coordinates, so
-you may want to change the grid spacing first.
-
-
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC30" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC30">Loading and Saving</A></H2>
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX93"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX94"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX95"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX96"></A>
-After your first experience with <CODE>Pcb</CODE> you will probably want to save
-your work. <KBD>:s name</KBD> passes the data to an external program which
-is responsible for saving it. For details see <EM>saveCommand</EM> in
-section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A>.
-Saving also is available from the <EM>File</EM> menu, either with or
-without supplying a filename. <CODE>Pcb</CODE> reuses the last
-filename if you do not pass a new one to the save routine.
-
-
-<P>
-To load an existing layout either select <EM>load layout data</EM> from the
-<EM>File</EM> menu or use <KBD>:l filename</KBD>. A file select box pops up if you
-don't specify a filename. Merging existing layouts into the new one is
-supported either by the <EM>File</EM> menu or by <KBD>:m filename</KBD>.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX97"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX98"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX99"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX100"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX101"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX102"></A>
-<CODE>Pcb</CODE> saves a backup of the current layout depending on the resource
-<EM>backup</EM>. The file is named <TT>`/tmp/PCB.%i.backup'</TT>. During critical
-sections of the program or when data would be lost it is saved as
-<TT>`/tmp/PCB.%i.save'</TT>.
-<EM>%i</EM> is replaced by the process ID.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX103"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX104"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC31" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC31">Printing</A></H2>
-<P>
-<CODE>Pcb</CODE> now has support for device drivers,
-<CODE>PostScript</CODE>, <EM>encapsulated PostScript</EM>,
-and <EM>Gerber X</EM> drivers are
-available so far. The <EM>Gerber X</EM>
-driver generates a NC drill file for automated drilling.
- I recommend the use of <CODE>GhostScript</CODE> if you
-don't have a <CODE>PostScript</CODE> printer for handling the PostScript
-output. Printing always generates
-a complete set of files for a specified driver.
-See the page about
-the <EM>Print()</EM> action for addtional information about the filenames.
-The control panel offers a number of options. Most of them are not avilable
-for Gerber output because it wouldn't make sense, for example, to scale the gerber output
-(you'd get an incorrectly made board!) The options are:
-
-
-<DL COMPACT>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`device'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<A NAME="IDX105"></A>
- <A NAME="IDX106"></A>
-
-The top menu button selects from the available device drivers.
-
-<A NAME="IDX107"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`rotate'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Rotate layout 90 degrees counter-clockwise before printing (default).
-
-<A NAME="IDX108"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`mirror'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Mirror layout before printing. Use this option depending
-on your production line.
-
-<A NAME="IDX109"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`color'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Created colored output. All colors will be converted to black if this option
-is inactive.
-
-<A NAME="IDX110"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`outline'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Add a board outline to the output file. The size is determined by the
-maximum boardsize changeable from the <EM>sizes</EM> menu. The outline appears
-on the top and bottom sides of the board, but not on the internal layers.
-An outline can be useful for determining where to shear the board from the
-panel, but be aware that it creates a copper line. Thus it has the potential
-to cause short circuits if you don't leave enough room from your wiring
-to the board edge. Use a viewer to see what the output outline looks like
-if you want to know what it looks like.
-
-<A NAME="IDX111"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`alignment'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Additional alignement targets are added to the output. The distances between
-the board outline is set by the resource <EM>alignmentDistance</EM>. Alignment
-targets should only be used if you know for certain that YOU WILL BE USING
-THEM YOURSELF. It is extremely unlikely that you will want to have alignment
-targets if you send gerber files to a commercial pcb manufacture to be made.
-
-<A NAME="IDX112"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`scaling'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-It's quite useful to enlarge your printout for checking the layout.
-Use the scrollbar to adjust the scaling factor to your needs.
-
-<A NAME="IDX113"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX114"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`media'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Select the size of the output media from this menu. The user defined size
-may be set by the resource <EM>media</EM> either from one of the well known
-paper sizes or by a <CODE>X11</CODE> geometry specification.
-This entry is only available if you use <CODE>X11R5</CODE> or later.
-For earlier releases the user defined size or, if not available, <EM>A4</EM>
-is used.
-Well known size are:
-
-<PRE>
- A3
- A4
- A5
- letter
- tabloid
- ledger
- legal
- executive
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX115"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX116"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`offset'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Adjust the offsets of the printout by using the panner at the right side
-of the dialog box.
-This entry is only available if you use <CODE>X11R5</CODE> or later. A zero
-offset is used for earlier releases.
-
-<A NAME="IDX117"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`8.3 filenames'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Select this button to generate DOS compatible filenames for the output files.
-The <EM>command</EM> input area will disappear if selected.
-
-<A NAME="IDX118"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`commandline'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Use this line to enter a command (starts with <KBD>|</KBD>) or a filename.
-A %f is replaced by the current filename.
-The default is set by the resource <EM>printCommand</EM>.
-
-</DL>
-
-<P>
-The created file includes some labels which are guaranteed to stay unchanged
-<DL COMPACT>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`PCBMIN'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-identifies the lowest x and y coordinates in mil.
-
-<DT><SAMP>`PCBMAX'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-identifies the highest x and y coordinates in mil.
-
-<DT><SAMP>`PCBOFFSET'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-is set to the x and y offset in mil.
-
-<DT><SAMP>`PCBSCALE'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-is a floating point value which identifies the scaling factor.
-
-<DT><SAMP>`PCBSTARTDATA'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`PCBENDDATA'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-all layout data is included between these two marks. You may use them with an
-<CODE>awk</CODE> script to produce several printouts on one piece of paper by
-duplicating the code and putting some <CODE>translate</CODE> commands in front.
-Note, the normal <CODE>PostScript</CODE> units are 1/72 inch.
-</DL>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX119"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX120"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC32" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC32">Connection Lists</A></H2>
-<P>
-After completing parts of your layout you may want to check if all drawn
-connections match the ones you have in mind. This is probably best done
-in conjunction with a net-list file: see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC34">Rats Nest</A>.
-The following examples give more rudimentary ways to examine
-the connections.
-
-<PRE>
- 1) create at least two elements and name them
- 2) create some connections between their pins
- 3) optionally add some vias and connections to them
-</PRE>
-
-<P>
-Now select <EM>lookup connection</EM> from the <EM>Connections</EM> menu,
-move the cursor to a pin or via and press any mouse button. <CODE>Pcb</CODE>
-will look for all other pins and/or vias connected to the one you have
-selected and display the objects in a different color.
-Now try some of the reset options available from the same menu.
-
-
-<P>
-There also is a way to scan all connections of one element. Select
-<EM>a single element</EM> from the menu and press any button at the
-element's location. All connections of this element will be saved
-to the specified file.
-Either the layout name of the element or its canonical name is used to
-identify pins depending on the one which is displayed on the screen
-(may be changed by <EM>Display</EM> menu).
-
-
-<P>
-An automatic scan of all elements is initiated by choosing
-<EM>all elements</EM>. It behaves in a similar fashion to scanning a single
-element except the resource <EM>resetAfterElement</EM>
-is used to determine if connections should be reset before a new element is
-scanned. Doing so will produce very long lists because the power lines are
-rescanned for every element. By default the resource is set to <EM>false</EM>
-for this reason.
-
-
-<P>
-To scan for unconnected pins select <EM>unused pins</EM> from the same
-menu.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX121"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC33" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC33">Selection</A></H2>
-<P>
-Some commands mentioned earlier in this chapter also are able to operate on all
-selected and visible objects.
-Now go back to the layout and toggle the selection flag of a single one
-by <EM>&#60;Btn3Down&#62;</EM>. Try <EM>&#60;Btn3Down&#62;</EM>, move the pointer while
-holding the button down and release it on a different location.
-This selects all objects inside the rectangle and unselects everything else.
-Dragging with <EM>Mod1&#60;Btn3Down&#62;</EM> adds everything in the box to the
-existing selection. Dragging <EM>Shift &#60;Btn3Down&#62;</EM> unselects objects in the
-box.
-
-
-<P>
-The entries of the <EM>Selection</EM> menu are hopefully self-explanatory.
-Many of the <EM>Action Commands</EM> can take various key words that make
-them function on all or some of the selected items.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX122"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX123"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX124"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC34" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC34">Rats Nest</A></H2>
-<P>
-If you have a netlist that corresponds to the layout you are working on, you
-can use the rats-nest feature to add rat-lines to the layout.
-First you will need to load a netlist file (see <EM>:rn</EM>,
-section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC36">User Commands</A>).
-<EM>&#60;Key&#62;w</EM> adds rat-lines on the active layer using the current
-line thickness shown in the status line (usually you'll want them to be thin lines).
-Only those rat-lines that fill in missing connectivity (since you have
-probably routed some connections already) are added.
-If the layout is already completely wired, nothing will be added, and you will
-get a message that the wiring is complete.
-
-
-<P>
-Rat-lines are lines having the special property that they only connect to pins and
-pads at their end points. Rat-lines are drawn on the screen with a stippled pattern
-to make them easier to identify since they have special behavior and cannot
-remain in a completed layout.
-Rat-lines are added in the minimum length straight-line tree pattern
-(always ending on pins or pads) that satisfies the missing connectivity in the circuit.
-Used in connection with moves and rotates of the elements, they are extremely useful for
-deciding where to place elements on the board. The rat-lines will always automatically
-rubberband to the elements whether or not the rubberband mode is on. The only way for
-you to move them is by moving the parts they connect to.
-This is because it is never desireable to have the rat-lines disconnected from
-their element pins. Rat-lines will normally criss-cross
-all over which gives rise to the name "rats nest" describing a layout connected with
-them. If a SMD pad is unreachable on the active layer, a warning will be issued
-about it and the rat-line to that pad will not be generated.
-
-
-<P>
-A common way to use rats nests is to place some
-elements on the board, add the rat-lines, and then use a series of moves/rotates of the
-elements until the rats nest appears to have minimum tangling. You may want to iterate this step
-several times. Don't worry if the layout looks messy - as long as you can get a sense for whether
-the criss-crossing is better or worse as you move things, you're fine.
-After moving some elements arround, you may want to optimize the rats nest <EM>&#60;Key&#62;o</EM>
-so that the lines are drawn between the closest points (this can change once you've moved components).
-Adding rat-lines only to selected pads/pins (<EM>Shift&#60;Key&#62;w</EM>)
-is often useful to layout a circuit a little bit at a time.
-Sometimes you'll want to delete all the rat-lines (<EM>&#60;Key&#62;e</EM>) or
-selected rat-lines (<EM>Shift&#60;Key&#62;e</EM>) in order to reduce confusion.
-With a little practice you'll be able to achieve a near optimal component placement with
-the use of a rats nest.
-
-
-<P>
-Rat-lines are not only used for assisting your element placement, they can also help
-you to route traces on the board.
-Use the <EM>&#60;Key&#62;m</EM> to convert a rat-line under the cursor into
-a normal line on the active layer.
-Inserting a point into a rat-line will also cause the two new lines to be normal lines
-on the board.
-Another way that you can use rat-lines is to
-use the <EM>&#60;Key&#62;f</EM> with the cursor over a pad or pin. All of the pins and
-pads and rat-lines belonging to that net will be highlighted. This is a helpful way to
-distinguish one net from the rest of the rats nest. You can then route those tracks,
-turn off the highlighting (<EM>Shift&#60;Key&#62;f</EM>) and repeat the process. This will work even
-if the layer that the rat-lines reside on is made invisible - so only the pins and pads
-are highlighted.
-Be sure to erase the rat-lines (<EM>&#60;Key&#62;e</EM> erases them all) once you've
-duplicated their connectivity by adding your own lines.
-When in doubt, the <EM>&#60;Key&#62;o</EM> will delete only those
-rat-lines that are no longer needed.
-
-
-<P>
-If connections exist on the board that are not listed in the netlist when
-<EM>&#60;Key&#62;w</EM> is pressed, warning messages are issued and the affected pins and
-pads are drawn in a special <EM>warnColor</EM> until the next <EM>Notify()</EM> event.
-If the entire layout agrees completely with the netlist, a message informs you that
-the layout is complete and no rat-lines will be added (since none are needed).
-If the layout is complete, but still has rat-lines then you will be warned
-that rat-lines remain. If you get no message at all it's probably because some
-elements listed in the net list can't be found and where reported in an earlier
-message.
-There shouldn't be any rat-lines left in a completed layout, only normal lines.
-
-
-<P>
-The <EM>Shift&#60;Key&#62;w</EM> is used to add rat-lines to only those missing connections among
-the selected pins and pads. This can be used to add rat-lines in an incremental
-manner, or to force a rat-line to route between two points that are not the
-closest points within the net. Often it is best to add the rats nest in an incremental fashion, laying
-out a sub-section of the board before going further. This is easy to accomplish since
-new rat-lines are never added where routed connectivity already makes the necessary
-connections.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX125"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX126"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX127"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX128"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC35" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC35">Design Rule Checking</A></H2>
-<P>
-After you've finished laying out a board, you may want to check
-to be certain that none of your interconnections are too closely
-spaced or too tenuously touching to be reliably fabricated. The design
-rule checking (DRC) function does this for you. Use the command ":DRC()" (without
-the quotes of course) to invoke the checker. If there are no problem areas,
-you'll get a message to that effect. If any problem is encountered, you will get
-a message about it and the affected traces will be highlighted. One part of the
-tracks of concern will be selected, while the other parts of concern will have the
-"FindConnection" highlighting. The screen will automatically be centered in the
-middle of the object having the "FindConnection" (Green) highlighting. The middle of
-the object is also the coordinates reported to be "near" the problem. The actual trouble
-region will be somewhere on the boundary of this object. If the two parts are
-from different nets then there is some place where they approach each
-other closer than the minimum rule. If the parts are from the same net, then
-there is place where they are only barely connected. Find that place and connect
-them better.
-
-
-<P>
-After a DRC error is found and corrected you must run the DRC again because
-the search for errors is halted as soon as the first problem is found. Unless you've
-been extremely careless there should be no more than a few design rule errors
-in your layout. The DRC checker does not check for minimum spacing rules to
-copper text, so always be very careful when adding copper text to a layout.
-The rules for the DRC are specified in the application resource file. The minimum
-spacing value (in mils) is given by the <EM>Settings.Bloat</EM> value. The default
-is 7 mils. The minimum touching overlap (in mils) is given by the
-<EM>Settings.Shrink</EM> value. This value defaults to 5 mils. Check with your
-fabrication process people to determine the values that are right for you.
-
-
-<P>
-If you want to turn off the highlighting produced by the DRC, perform an
-undo (assuming no other changes have been made). To restore the highlighting,
-use redo. The redo will restore the highlighting quickly without re-running
-the DRC checker.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX129"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX130"></A>
-
-
-<H1><A NAME="SEC36" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC36">User Commands</A></H1>
-<P>
-The entering of user-commands is initiated by the action routine
-<EM>Command()</EM> (the <CODE>(":")</CODE> character) and finished by either
-<EM>&#60;Key&#62;Return</EM>
-or <EM>&#60;Key&#62;Escape</EM> to confirm or to abort. These two keybindings
-cannot be changed from the resource file.
-The triggering event, normally a key press, is ignored.
-The input area will replace the bottom statusline. It pops
-up when <EM>Command()</EM> is called. The arguments of the user-commands
-are passed to the external commands without modification.
-See also, the resource <EM>saveInTMP</EM>.
-
-
-<P>
-There are simple <EM>usage</EM> dialogs for each command and one for the
-complete set of commands.
-
-
-<DL COMPACT>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`l [filename]'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<A NAME="IDX131"></A>
- <A NAME="IDX132"></A>
- <A NAME="IDX133"></A>
-
-Loads a new datafile (layout) and, if confirmed, overwrites any existing unsaved data.
-The filename and the searchpath (<EM>filePath</EM>) are passed to the
-command defined by <EM>fileCommand</EM>.
-If no filename is specified a file select box will popup.
-
-<A NAME="IDX134"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX135"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX136"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`le [filename]'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Loads an element description into the paste buffer.
-The filename and the searchpath (<EM>elementPath</EM>) are passed to the
-command defined by <EM>elementCommand</EM>.
-If no filename is specified a file select box will popup.
-
-<A NAME="IDX137"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX138"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX139"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX140"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX141"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`m [filename]'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Loads an layout file into the paste buffer.
-The filename and the searchpath (<EM>filePath</EM>) are passed to the
-command defined by <EM>fileCommand</EM>.
-If no filename is specified a file select box will popup.
-
-<A NAME="IDX142"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX143"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX144"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`q[!]'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Quits the program without saving any data (after confirmation).
-q! doesn't ask for confirmation, it just quits.
-
-<A NAME="IDX145"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX146"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX147"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`s [filename]'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Data and the filename are passed to the command defined by the resource
-<EM>saveCommand</EM>. It must read the layout data from <EM>stdin</EM>.
-If no filename is entered, either the last one is used
-again or, if it is not available, a file select box will pop up.
-
-<A NAME="IDX148"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX149"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX150"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX151"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`rn [filename]'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Reads in a netlist file. If no filename is given
-a file select box will pop up.
-The file is read via the command defined by the
-<EM>RatCommand</EM> resource. The command must send its output to <EM>stdout</EM>.
-The netlist received by pcb must have this simple text form:
-
-netname NAME-PINNUM NAME2-PINNUM2 NAME3-PINNUM3 ... [\]
-
-where "netname" is the name of the net (currently its value is ignored but
-it must be present nonetheless),
-NAME is the layout-name given to an element, and PINNUM is the (usually numeric)
-pin number of the element that is part of the net (see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC6">Elements</A>
-for details on pin numbering).
-Spaces or tabs separate the fields.
-If the line ends with a "\" the
-net continues on the next line and the "\" is treated exactly as if it
-were a space. If the NAME ends with a lower-case letter,
-all lower-case letters are stripped from end of the NAME to determine the
-matching name-on-board name. For example:
-
-Data U1-3 U2abc-4 FLOP1a-7 Uabc3-A9
-
-would specifiy that pin 3 of U1 be connected to pin 4 of U2, to pin 7 of
-FLOP1 and to pin A9 of Uabc3. Note that if pin numbers contain alphabetic
-characters, they must match the case contained in the "number" string defining the
-pin number on the cooresponding element.
-It is up to you to name the elements so that their layout-names agrees with the netlist.
-Netlists are used for generating rats nest (see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC34">Rats Nest</A>) and for
-verifying the board layout (which is also accomplished by the <EM>Ratsnest</EM>
-command.
-
-<A NAME="IDX152"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX153"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX154"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`w[q] [filename]'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-These commands have been added for the convenience of <CODE>vi</CODE> users and
-have the same functionality as <EM>s</EM> combined with <EM>q</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX155"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX156"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX157"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`actionCommand'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Causes the actionCommand to be executed. This allows you to initiate actions
-for which no bindings exist in the resource file. It can be used to initiate any
-action with whatever arguments you enter. This makes it possible to do things
-that otherwise would be extremely tedious. For example, to change the drilling
-hole diameter of all vias in the layout to 32 mils, you could select everything using the
-selection menu, then type "<EM>:ChangeDrillSize(SelectedVias, 32)</EM>". (This will
-only work provided the via's diameter is sufficiently large to accomodate a 32 mil hole).
-Another example might be to set the grid to 1 mil by typing "<EM>:SetValue(Grid, 1)</EM>".
-Note that some actions use the current cursor location, so be sure to place the cursor
-where you want before entering the command. This is one of my favorite new
-features in 1.5 and can be a powerful tool. Study the section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC42">Actions</A> section to
-see what actions are available.
-
-</DL>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX158"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX159"></A>
-
-
-<H1><A NAME="SEC37" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC37">Command-Line Options</A></H1>
-<P>
-There are several resources which may be set or reset in addition to the
-standard toolkit command-line options. For a complete list refer to
-section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A>.
-
-
-<P>
-The synopsis is:
-
-
-<P>
-<CODE>pcb [-option ...] [-toolkit_option ...] [layout-file]</CODE>
-
-
-<P>
-or
-
-
-<P>
-<CODE>pcb -specialoption</CODE>
-
-
-
-<UL>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC38">Options</A>: <CODE>Pcb</CODE> command-line options.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC39">Special Options</A>: Version and copyright information.
-</UL>
-
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC38" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC38">Options</A></H2>
-<DL COMPACT>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`-alldirections/+alldirections'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<A NAME="IDX160"></A>
- <A NAME="IDX161"></A>
- <A NAME="IDX162"></A>
- <A NAME="IDX163"></A>
- <A NAME="IDX164"></A>
-
-Disables or enables line clipping to 45 degree angles. Overwrites the
-resource <EM>allDirectionLines</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX165"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX166"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX167"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-backup value'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Time between two backups in seconds. Passing zero disables the backup feature.
-Overwrites the resource <EM>backupInterval</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX168"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX169"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX170"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX171"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX172"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-c value'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Number of characters per output line. The resource <EM>charactersPerLine</EM> is
-overwritten.
-
-<A NAME="IDX173"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX174"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX175"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX176"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX177"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-fontfile filename'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The default set of symbols (font) for a new layout is read from this file.
-All directories as defined by the resource <EM>fontPath</EM> are scanned
-for the file. The scan is only performed if the filename doesn't contain
-a directory component. The <EM>fontFile</EM> resource is changed.
-
-<A NAME="IDX178"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX179"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX180"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX181"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX182"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX183"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX184"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-lelement command-line'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Sets the command to be executed when an element is loaded from a file to the
-paste buffer. The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested filename
-and the searchpath to the command. It must write the data to its
-standard output. The related resource is <EM>elementCommand</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX185"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX186"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX187"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX188"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX189"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX190"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX191"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-lfile command-line'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Sets the command to be executed when a new layout is loaded from a file.
-The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested filename
-and the searchpath to the command. It must write the data to its
-standard output. The related resource is <EM>fileCommand</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX192"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX193"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX194"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX195"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX196"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX197"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX198"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX199"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-lfont command-line'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Sets the command to be executed when a font is loaded from a file.
-The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested filename
-and the searchpath to the command. It must write the data to its
-standard output. The related resource is <EM>fontCommand</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX200"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX201"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX202"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX203"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-lg layergroups'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This option overwrites the resource <EM>layerGroups</EM>. See its description
-for more information. The value is used for new layouts only.
-
-<A NAME="IDX204"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX205"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX206"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-libname filename'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The default filename for the library. Overwrites the resource
-<EM>libraryFilename</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX207"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX208"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX209"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-libpath path'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The default search path for the the library. Overwrites the resource
-<EM>libraryPath</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX210"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX211"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX212"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX213"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX214"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX215"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-llib command-line'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Sets the command to be executed when an element is loaded from the library.
-The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested filename
-and the searchpath to the command. %a is replaces by the three arguments
-<EM>template</EM>, <EM>value</EM> and <EM>package</EM>. The command must write
-the data to its standard output. The related resource is <EM>libraryCommand</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX216"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX217"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX218"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX219"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX220"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-llibcont command-line'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The command lists the contents of the library.
-The command may contain %f and %p to pass the library filename
-and the searchpath to the command. Also refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC50">Library File Format</A>
-and section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC49">Library Contents File Format</A>.
-The related resource is <EM>libraryContentsCommand</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX221"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX222"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX223"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-loggeometry geometry'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Determines the geometry of the log window.
-
-<A NAME="IDX224"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX225"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX226"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX227"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX228"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-pnl value'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Restricts the displayed length of the name of a pin in the pinout window to
-the passed value. See also, the resource <EM>pinoutNameLength</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX229"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX230"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX231"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX232"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-pz value'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Sets the zoom factor for the pinout window according to the formula:
-scale = 1:(2 power value). The related resource is <EM>pinoutZoom</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX233"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX234"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX235"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX236"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX237"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-reset/+reset'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-If enabled, all connections are reset after each element is scanned.
-This feature is only used while scanning connections to all elements.
-See also, <EM>resetAfterElement</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX238"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX239"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX240"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX241"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-ring/+ring'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Overrides the resource <EM>ringBellWhenFinished</EM>. If enabled, the bell
-sounds when connection searching has finished.
-
-<A NAME="IDX242"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX243"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX244"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-rs string'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Overrides the resource <EM>routeStyle</EM>. The string defines a colon
-separated list of route styles. The route styles consist of a
-comma separated list of name, line thickness, via diameter, and via drill size.
-e.g. "Fat,50,100,40:Skinny,8,35,20:75Ohm,110,110,20"
-
-<A NAME="IDX245"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX246"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX247"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX248"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX249"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-s/+s'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Enables/Disables the saving of the previous commandline. Overrides the
-<EM>saveLastCommand</EM> resource.
-
-<A NAME="IDX250"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX251"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX252"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX253"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX254"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX255"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX256"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX257"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX258"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-save/+save'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-See the resource description of <EM>saveInTMP</EM> for details.
-
-<A NAME="IDX259"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX260"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX261"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX262"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX263"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX264"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX265"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-sfile command-line'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Sets the command to be executed when an layout file is saved.
-The command may contain %f which is replaced by the filename. The command
-must read its data from the standard input.
-The resource <EM>saveCommand</EM> is overwritten.
-
-<A NAME="IDX266"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX267"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX268"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX269"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-size &#60;width&#62;x&#60;height&#62;'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Overrides the resource <EM>size</EM> which determines the maximum size
-of a layout.
-
-<A NAME="IDX270"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX271"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX272"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX273"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-v value'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Sets the volume of the X speaker. The value is passed to <CODE>XBell()</CODE> and
-must be in the range -100..100.
-
-</DL>
-
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC39" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC39">Special Options</A></H2>
-<P>
-There are some special options available in addition to normal command line
-options. Each of these must be the only option specified on a command line.
-The available special options are:
-
-
-<DL COMPACT>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`-copyright'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<A NAME="IDX274"></A>
- <A NAME="IDX275"></A>
-
-Prints out the copyright notice and terminates.
-
-<A NAME="IDX276"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX277"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX278"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-version'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Prints out the version ID and terminates.
-
-<A NAME="IDX279"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`-help'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Prints out the usage message and terminates.
-
-</DL>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX280"></A>
-
-
-<H1><A NAME="SEC40" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC40">X11 Interface</A></H1>
-<P>
-This chapter gives an overview about the additional <CODE>X11</CODE> resources which
-are defined by <CODE>Pcb</CODE> as well as the defined action routines.
-
-
-
-<UL>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Resources</A>: Non-standard <CODE>X11</CODE> application resources.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC42">Actions</A>: A list of available action routines.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC43">Translations</A>: A list of the default key translations (as shipped).
-</UL>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX281"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX282"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC41" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A></H2>
-<P>
-In addition to the toolkit resources, <CODE>Pcb</CODE> defines the
-following resources:
-
-
-<DL COMPACT>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`absoluteGrid (boolean)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<A NAME="IDX283"></A>
- <A NAME="IDX284"></A>
-
-Selects if either the grid is relative to the position where it has changed
-last or absolute, the default, to the origin (0,0).
-
-<A NAME="IDX285"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX286"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`alignmentDistance (dimension)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Specifies the distance between the boards outline to the alignment targets.
-
-<A NAME="IDX287"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX288"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX289"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`allDirectionLines (boolean)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Enables (default) or disables clipping of new lines to 45 degree angles.
-
-<A NAME="IDX290"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX291"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`backupInterval (int)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<CODE>Pcb</CODE> has an automatic backup feature which saves the current data
-every n seconds. The default is <EM>300</EM> seconds. A value of zero disables
-the feature. The backup file is named <TT>`/tmp/PCB.%i.backup'</TT>.
-<EM>%i</EM> is replaced by the process ID.
-See also, the command-line option <EM>-backup</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX292"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX293"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX294"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Bloat (dimension)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Specifies the minimum spacing design rule in mils.
-
-<A NAME="IDX295"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX296"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX297"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX298"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`charactersPerLine (int)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<CODE>Pcb</CODE> uses this value to determine the page width when creating lists.
-N, the number of characters per line, defaults to <EM>80</EM>.
-See also, the command-line option <EM>-c</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX299"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX300"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX301"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`connectedColor (color)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-All pins, vias, lines and rectangles which are selected during a connection
-search are drawn with this color. The default value is determined by
-<EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX302"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX303"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX304"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`crosshairColor (color)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This color is used to draw the crosshair cursor. The color is a result of
-a <EM>XOR</EM> operation with the contents of the drawing area. The result
-also depends on the default colormap of the <CODE>X11</CODE> server because only
-the colormap index is used in the boolean operation and <CODE>Pcb</CODE> doesn't
-create its own colormap. The default setting is <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX305"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX306"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX307"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX308"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`elementColor (color)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`elementSelectedColor (color)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The elements package part is drawn in these colors, for normal and selected
-mode, respectively, which both default to <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX309"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX310"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX311"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX312"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX313"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX314"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX315"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`elementCommand (string)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<CODE>Pcb</CODE> uses a user defined command to read element files. This resources
-is used to set the command which is executed by the users default shell.
-Two escape sequences are defined to pass the selected filename (%f) and the
-current search path (%p). The command must write the element data
-to its standard output. The default value is
-
-<PRE>
- M4PATH="%p";export M4PATH;echo 'include(%f)' | m4
-</PRE>
-
-Using the GNU version of <CODE>m4</CODE> is highly recommended.
-See also, the command-line option <EM>-lelement</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX316"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX317"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX318"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX319"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX320"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`elementPath (string)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-A colon separated list of directories or commands (starts with '|').
-The path is passed to the program specified in <EM>elementCommand</EM> together
-with the selected elementname. A specified command will be executed in order
-to create entries for the fileselect box. It must write its results to
-<EM>stdout</EM> one entry per line.
-See also, the user-command <EM>le[!]</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX321"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX322"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX323"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX324"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX325"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX326"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX327"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`fileCommand (string)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The command is executed by the user's default shell whenever existing layout
-files are loaded. Data is read from the command's standard output.
-Two escape sequences may be specified to pass the selected filename (%f)
-and the current search path (%p). The default value is:
-
-<PRE>
- cat %f
-</PRE>
-
-See also, the command-line option <EM>-lfile</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX328"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX329"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX330"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX331"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX332"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`filePath (string)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-A colon separated list of directories or commands (starts with '|').
-The path is passed to the program specified in <EM>fileCommand</EM> together
-with the selected filename. A specified command will be executed in order
-to create entries for the fileselect box. It must write its results to
-<EM>stdout</EM> one entry per line.
-See also, the user-command <EM>l[!]</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX333"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX334"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX335"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX336"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX337"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX338"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX339"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX340"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`fontCommand (string)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Loading new symbol sets also is handled by an external command. You again
-may pass the selected filename and the current search path by passing
-%f and %p in the command string. Data is read from the commands standard
-output. This command defaults to
-
-<PRE>
- cat %f
-</PRE>
-
-See also, the command-line option <EM>-lfont</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX341"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX342"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX343"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`fontFile (string)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The default font for new layouts is read from this file which is searched
-in the directories as defined by the resource <EM>fontPath</EM>.
-Searching is only performed if the filename does not contain a directory
-component.
-The default filename is <TT>`default_font'</TT>.
-See also, the command-line option <EM>-fontfile</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX344"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX345"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX346"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX347"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX348"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX349"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`fontPath (string)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This resource, a colon separated list of directories, defines the searchpath
-for font files. See also, the resource <EM>fontFile</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX350"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX351"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX352"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`grid (int)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This resources defines the initial value of one cursor step. It defaults
-to <EM>100 mil</EM> and any changes are saved together with the layout data.
-
-<A NAME="IDX353"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX354"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX355"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`gridColor (color)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This color is used to draw the grid. The color is a result of
-a <EM>INVERT</EM> operation with the contents of the drawing area. The result
-also depends on the default colormap of the <CODE>X11</CODE> server because only
-the colormap index is used in the boolean operation and <CODE>Pcb</CODE> doesn't
-create its own colormap. The default setting is <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX356"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX357"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX358"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`elementColor (color)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Elements localted on the opposite side of the board are drawn in this color.
-The default is <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX359"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX360"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX361"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX362"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`layerColor1..8 (color)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`layerSelectedColor1..8 (color)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-These resources define the drawing colors of the different layers in
-normal and selected state. All values are preset to <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX363"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX364"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX365"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`layerGroups (string)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The argument to this resource is a colon separated list of comma separated
-layernumbers (1..8). All layers within one group are switched on/off
-together. The default setting is <EM>1:2:3:...:8</EM> which means
-all layers are handled separatly. Grouping layers one to three looks like
-<EM>1,2,3:4:...:8</EM>
-See also, the command-line option <EM>-lg</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX366"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX367"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`layerName1..8 (string)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The default name of the layers in a new layout are determined by these
-resources. The defaults are empty strings.
-
-<A NAME="IDX368"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX369"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX370"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX371"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`libraryCommand (string)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<CODE>Pcb</CODE> uses a command to read element data from libraries.
-The resources is used to set the command which is executed by the users
-default shell. Three escape sequences are defined to pass the selected
-filename (%f), the current search path (%p) as well (%a) as the three
-parameters <EM>template</EM>, <EM>value</EM> and <EM>package</EM> to the command.
-It must write the element data to its standard output. The default value is
-
-<PRE>
- /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb/QueryLibrary.sh %p %f %a
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX372"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX373"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX374"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX375"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`libraryContentsCommand (string)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Similar to <EM>libraryCommand</EM>, <CODE>Pcb</CODE> uses the command specified
-by this resource to list the contents of a library.
-
-<PRE>
- /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb/ListLibraryContents.sh %p %f
-</PRE>
-
-is the default.
-
-<A NAME="IDX376"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX377"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX378"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`libraryFilename (string)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The resource specifies the name of the library. The default value is
-<EM>pcblib</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX379"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX380"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX381"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX382"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`libraryPath (string)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-A colon separated list of directories that will be passed to the commands
-specified by <EM>elementCommand</EM> and <EM>elementContentsCommand</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX383"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX384"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX385"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX386"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`lineThickness (dimension)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The value, int the range [1..250], defines the
-initial thickness of new lines. The value is preset to <EM>ten mil</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX387"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX388"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX389"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX390"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`media (&#60;predefined&#62; | &#60;width&#62;x&#60;height&#62;+-&#60;left_margin&#62;+-&#60;top_margin&#62;)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The default (user defined) media of the <CODE>PostScript</CODE> device. Predefined
-values are <EM>a3</EM>, <EM>a4</EM>, <EM>a5</EM>, <EM>letter</EM>, <EM>tabloit</EM>,
-<EM>ledger</EM>, <EM>legal</EM>, and <EM>executive</EM>.
-The second way is to specify the medias width, height and margins in mil.
-The resource defaults to <EM>a4</EM> size.
-
-<A NAME="IDX391"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX392"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX393"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`offLimitColor (color)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The area outside the current maximum settings for width and height is drawn
-with this color. The default value is determined by <EM>XtDefaultBackground</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX394"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX395"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX396"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX397"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`pinColor (color)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`pinSelectedColor(color)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This resource defines the drawing color of pins and pads in both states.
-The values are preset to <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX398"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX399"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX400"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`pinoutFont (string)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This fonts are used to display pin names. There is one font for each zoom
-value. The values are preset to <EM>XtdefaultFont</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX401"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX402"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX403"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX404"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`pinoutNameLength (int)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This resource limits the number of characters which are displayed for
-pin names in the pinout window. By default the string length is limited
-to <EM>eight</EM> characters per name.
-See also, the command-line option <EM>-pnl</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX405"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX406"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX407"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`pinoutOffsetX (int)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`pinoutOffsetY (int)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-These resources determine the offset in <EM>mil</EM> of the circuit from the
-upper left corner of the window when displaying pinout information.
-Both default to <EM>100 mil</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX408"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX409"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX410"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`pinoutTextOffsetX (int)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`pinoutTextOffsetY (int)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The resources determine the distance in mil between the drilling hole of a pin
-to the location where its name is displayed in the pinout window.
-They default to <EM>X:50</EM> and <EM>Y:0</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX411"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX412"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX413"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`pinoutZoom (int)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Sets the zoom factor for the pinout window according to the formula:
-scale = 1:(2 power value). Its default value is <EM>two</EM> which results in
-a <EM>1:4</EM> scale.
-See also, the command-line option <EM>-pz</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX414"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX415"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`printCommand (string)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Default file for printouts. If the name starts with a '|' the output
-is piped through the command. A %f is replaced by the current filename.
-There is no default file or command.
-
-<A NAME="IDX416"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX417"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX418"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`raiseLogWindow (boolean)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The log window will be raised when new messages arrive if this resource
-is set <EM>true</EM>, the default.
-
-<A NAME="IDX419"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX420"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX421"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`ratCommand (string)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Default command for reading a netlist. A %f is replaced by the netlist
-filename. Its default value is "<EM>cat %f</EM>".
-
-<A NAME="IDX422"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX423"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX424"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`ratPath (string)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Default path to look for netlist files. It's default value is "."
-
-<A NAME="IDX425"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX426"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX427"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`resetAfterElement (boolean)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-If set to <EM>true</EM>, all found connections will be reset before a new
-element is scanned. This will produce long lists when scanning the whole
-layout for connections. The resource is set to <EM>false</EM> by default.
-The feature is only used while looking up connections of all elements.
-See also, the command-line option <EM>-reset, +reset</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX428"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX429"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`ringBellWhenFinished (boolean)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Whether to ring the bell (the default) when a possibly lengthy operation
-has finished or not.
-See also, the command-line option <EM>-ring, +ring</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX430"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX431"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`routeStyle (string)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Default values for the menu of routing styles (seen in the sizes menu).
-The string is a comma separated list of name, line thickness,
-via diameter, and via drill size.
-e.g. "Fat,50,100,40:Skinny,8,35,20:75Ohm,110,110,20"
-See also, the command-line option <EM>-rs</EM> and <EM>Sizes Menu</EM>
-
-<A NAME="IDX432"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX433"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX434"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX435"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`rubberBandMode (boolean)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Whether rubberband move and rotate (attached lines stretch like
-rubberbands) is enabled (the default).
-
-<A NAME="IDX436"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX437"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX438"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX439"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX440"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX441"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX442"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`saveCommand (string)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This command is used to save data to a layout file. The filename may be
-indicated by placing <CODE>%f</CODE> in the string. It must read the data from
-its standard input. The default command is:
-
-<PRE>
- cat - &#62; %f
-</PRE>
-
-See also, the command-line option <EM>-sfile</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX443"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX444"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX445"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX446"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX447"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX448"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX449"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`saveInTMP (boolean)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Enabling this resource will save all data which would otherwise be lost
-in a temporary file <TT>`/tmp/PCB.%i.save'</TT>.
-<EM>%i</EM> is replaced by the process ID.
-As an example, loading a new layout when the old one hasn't been saved would
-use this resource.
-See also, the command-line option <EM>-save, +save</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX450"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX451"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX452"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`saveLastCommand (boolean)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Enables the saving of the last entered user command. The option is
-<EM>disabled</EM> by default.
-See also, the command-line option <EM>-s, +s</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX453"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX454"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX455"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Shrink (dimension)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Specifies the minimum overlap (touching) design rule in mils.
-
-<A NAME="IDX456"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX457"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX458"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`size (&#60;width&#62;x&#60;height&#62;)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Defines the width and height of a new layout. The default is
-<EM>7000x5000</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX459"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX460"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX461"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`stipllePolygons (boolean)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Determines whether to display polygons on the screen with a stippled
-pattern. Stippling can create some amount of transperency so that
-you can still (to some extent) see layers beneath polygons.
-It defaults to False.
-
-<A NAME="IDX462"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX463"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX464"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`textScale (dimension)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The font scaling in percent is defined by this resource. The default is
-<EM>100</EM> percent.
-
-<A NAME="IDX465"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX466"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX467"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`useLogWindow (boolean)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Several subroutines send messages to the user if an error occurs.
-This resource determines if they appear inside the log window or as a separate
-dialog box. See also, the resource <EM>raiseLogWindow</EM> and the command line
-option <EM>-loggeometry</EM>.
-The default value is <EM>true</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX468"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX469"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX470"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX471"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`viaColor (color)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`viaSelectedColor (color)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This resource defines the drawing color of vias in both states.
-The values are preset to <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX472"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX473"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX474"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX475"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX476"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`viaThickness (dimension)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`viaDrillingHole (dimension)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The initial thickness and drilling hole of new vias. The values must be in the
-range [30..250] with at least 20
-mil of copper.
-The default thickness is <EM>40 mil</EM> and the default drilling hole is
-<EM>20 mil</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX477"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX478"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX479"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`volume (int)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The value is passed to <CODE>XBell()</CODE> which sets the volume of the <CODE>X</CODE>
-speaker.
-The value lies in the range -100..100 and it defaults to the maximum volume of
-<EM>100</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX480"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX481"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX482"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`warnColor (color)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This resources defines the color to be used for drawing pins and pads when
-a warning has been issued about them.
-
-<A NAME="IDX483"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX484"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`zoom (int)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The initial value for output scaling is set according to the following
-formula: scale = 1:(2 power value). It defaults to <EM>three</EM> which results
-in an output scale of <EM>1:8</EM>.
-
-</DL>
-
-<P>
-Refer also to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC37">Command-Line Options</A>.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX485"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX486"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX487"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX488"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX489"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC42" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC42">Actions</A></H2>
-<P>
-All user accessible commands may be bound to almost any <CODE>X</CODE> event. Almost
-no default binding for commands is done in the binaries, so it is vital for the
-application that at least a system-wide application resource file exists.
-This file normally resides in the <TT>`X11/lib/app-defaults'</TT> directory and
-is called <TT>`Pcb'</TT>. The bindings to which the manual refers to are the
-ones as defined by the shipped resource file. Besides binding an action to
-an X11 event, you can also execute any action command using a ":" command
-(see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC36">User Commands</A>).
-
-
-<P>
-Take special care about translations related to the functions keys and the
-pointer buttons because most of the window managers use them too.
-Change the file according to your hardware/software environment.
-You may have to replace all occurances of <EM>baseTranslations</EM> to
-<EM>translations</EM> if you use a <CODE>X11R4</CODE> server.
-
-
-<P>
-Passing <EM>Object</EM> as an argument to an action routine causes the object
-at the cursor location to be changed, removed or whatever. If more than
-one object is located at the crosshair position the smallest type is used.
-If there are two of the same type the newer one is taken.
-<EM>SelectedObjects</EM> will handle all selected and visible objects.
-
-
-<DL COMPACT>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`AddRats(AllRats|SelectedRats)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<A NAME="IDX490"></A>
- <A NAME="IDX491"></A>
- <A NAME="IDX492"></A>
- <A NAME="IDX493"></A>
-
-Adds rat-lines to the layout using the loaded netlist file (see the <EM>:rn</EM>,
-section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC36">User Commands</A>.). Rat lines are added on the active layer using the current
-line thickness shown in the status line.
-Only missing connectivity is added by the
-AddRats command so if, for example, the layout is complete nothing will be added.
-Rat lines are drawn on the screen with a stippled pattern
-to make them easier to identify since they cannot appear in a completed layout.
-The rat-lines are added in the minimum length straight-line tree pattern
-(always ending on pins or pads) that satisfies the missing connectivity in the circuit.
-If a SMD pad is unreachable on the active layer, a warning will be issued
-about it and the rat-line to that pad will not be generated.
-If connections exist on the board which are not listed in the netlist while
-AllRats are being added, warning messages will be issued and the affected pins and
-pads will be drawn in a special <EM>warnColor</EM> until the next <EM>Notify()</EM> event.
-If the entire layout agrees completely with the net-list a message informs you that
-the layout is complete and no rat-lines are added (since none are needed).
-If <EM>SelectedRats</EM>
-is passed as the argument, only those missing connections that might connect among
-the selected pins and pads are drawn.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-None&#60;Key&#62;w: AddRats(AllRats)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;w: AddRats(SelectedRats)
-None&#60;Key&#62;o: DeleteRats(AllRats) AddRats(AllRats)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;o: DeleteRats(SelectedRats) AddRats(SelectedRats)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX494"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX495"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX496"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Atomic(Save|Restore|Block|Close)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Controls the undo grouping of sequences of actions. Before the first action
-in a group, Atomic(Save) should be issued. After each action that might
-be undoable, Atomic(Restore) should be issued. Atomic(Block) concludes
-and save the undo grouping if there was anything in the group to undo.
-Atomic(Close) concludes and save the undo grouping even if nothing was
-actually done. Thus it might produce an "empty" undo. This can be useful
-when you want to use undo in a group of actions.
-
-<A NAME="IDX497"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX498"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX499"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Bell([-100..100])'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Rings the bell of your display. If no value is passed the setting
-of the resource <EM>volume</EM> will be used.
-
-<A NAME="IDX500"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX501"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX502"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX503"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`ChangeDrillSize(Object, value)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`ChangeDrillSize(SelectedPins|SelectedVias, value)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This action routine changes the drilling hole of pins and vias.
-If <EM>value</EM> starts with + or -, then it adds (or subtracts)
-<EM>value</EM> from the current hole diameter, otherwise it sets the
-diameter to the value.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-!Mod1&#60;Key&#62;s: Change2ndSize(Object, +5)
-!Mod1 Shift&#60;Key&#62;s: Change2ndSize(Object, -5)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX504"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX505"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX506"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`ChangeHole(Object|SelectedVias)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This action routine converts a via to and from a hole. A hole is
-a via that has no copper annulus. The drill size for the via
-determines the hole diameter.
-
-<PRE>
-!Ctrl&#60;Key&#62;h: ChangeHole(Object)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX507"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX508"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX509"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX510"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`ChangeName(Object)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`ChangeName(Layer|Layout)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Changes the name of the visible object at the cursor location. A text object
-doesn't have a name therefore the text string itself is changed.
-The element name currently used for display is always the one changed with this
-command.
-See <EM>Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)</EM> for details.
-Passing <EM>Layer</EM> changes the current layers name.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-None&#60;Key&#62;n: ChangeName(Object)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX511"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX512"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX513"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX514"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`ChangeOctagon(Object|SelectElements|SelectedPins|SelectedVias|Selected)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Toggles what shape the affected pin(s) or via(s) will be drawn when they
-are not square. The shape will either be round or octagonal.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-!Ctrl&#60;Key&#62;o: ChangeOctagon(Object)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX515"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX516"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX517"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX518"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`ChangeSize(Object, value)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`ChangeSize(SelectedLines|SelectedPins|SelectedVias, value)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`ChangeSize(SelectedPads|SelectedTexts|SelectedNames, value)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`ChangeSize(SelectedElements, value)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-To change the size of an object you have to bind these action to some
-<CODE>X</CODE> event (or use :ChangeSize(...)). If <EM>value</EM> begins with
-a + or - then the value will be added (or subtracted) from the current
-size, otherwise the size is set equal to <EM>value</EM>. Range checking is
-done to insure that none of the maximum/minimums of any size are violated.
-If <EM>Object</EM> is passed then a single object at the cursor location is
-changed. If any of the <EM>Selected</EM> arguments are passed then all selected
-and visible objects of that type are changed. If the type being modified is
-an element, then the thickness of the silkscreen lines defining the element
-is changed.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-None&#60;Key&#62;s: ChangeSize(Object, +5)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;s: ChangeSize(Object, -5)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX519"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX520"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX521"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX522"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`ChangeSquare(Object|SelectedElements|SelectedPins)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Toggles the setting of the square flag. The flag is used to identify a
-certain pin, normally the first one, of circuits. It is also used to
-make SMD pads have square ends.
-
-<PRE>
-None&#60;Key&#62;q: ChangeSquare(Object)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX523"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX524"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX525"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Command()'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Calling <EM>Command()</EM> pops up an input line at the bottom of the window
-which allows you to enter commands. Including all action commands!
-The dialog ends when <EM>None&#60;Key&#62;Return</EM>
-to confirm or <EM>None&#60;Key&#62;Escape</EM> to abort is entered.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-&#60;Key&#62;colon: Command()
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX526"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX527"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX528"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX529"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX530"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX531"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX532"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Connection(Find)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`Connection(ResetFoundLinesAndRectangles|ResetPinsViasAndPads|Reset)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The <EM>Connection()</EM> action is used to mark all connections from one pin,
-line or via to others.
-The <EM>ResetFoundLinesAndRectangles, ResetFoundPinsAndVias</EM> and
-<EM>Reset</EM> arguments may be used to reset all marked lines and rectangles,
-vias and pins or all of them. The search starts with the pin or via
-at the cursor position. All found objects are drawn with the color
-defined by the resource <EM>connectedColor</EM>.
-See also, <EM>Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)</EM>.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;c: Connection(Reset)
-None&#60;Key&#62;f: Connection(Find)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;f: Connection(Reset)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX533"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX534"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX535"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX536"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`DeleteRats(AllRats|SelectedRats)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This routine deletes either all rat-lines in the layout, or only
-the selected and visible ones. Non-rat-lines and other layout
-objects are unaffected.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-None&#60;Key&#62;e: DeleteRats(AllRats)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;e: DeleteRats(SelectedRats)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX537"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX538"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX539"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX540"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX541"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX542"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX543"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX544"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX545"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX546"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX547"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX548"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX549"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX550"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`Display(Toggle45Degree|CycleClip)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`Display(Grid|ToggleGrid)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`Display(ToggleRubberBandMode)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`Display(Center|ClearAndRedraw|Redraw)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`Display(Pinout|PinOrPadName)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This action routines handles some output related settings. It is
-used to center the display around the cursor location and to redraw the
-output area optionally after clearing the window.
-Centering is done with respect to the <EM>grid</EM> setting. Displaying the
-grid itself may be switched on and off by <EM>Grid</EM> but only if
-the distance between two pixels exceeds 1_DISTANCE pixels.
-<CODE>Pcb</CODE> is able to handle several labels of an element. One of them
-is a description of the functionality (eg resistor), the second should be
-a unique identifier (R1) whereas the last one is a value (100k).
-The <EM>Display()</EM> action selects which of the names is displayed.
-It also controls which name will be affected by the <EM>ChangeName</EM> command.
-If <EM>ToggleGrid</EM> is passed, <CODE>Pcb</CODE> changes between relative
-('rel' in the statusline) and absolute grid (an 'abs' in the statusline).
-Relative grid means the pointer position when the command is issued is
-used as the grid origin; while (0,0) is used in the absolute grid case.
-Passing <EM>Pinout</EM> displays the pinout of the element at the current
-cursor location whereas <EM>PinOrPadName</EM> toggles displaying of the
-pins or pads name under the cursor. If none of them matches but the cursor
-is inside of an element, the flags is toggled for all of its pins and pads.
-For details about rubberbands see also the details about <EM>Mode</EM>.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-None&#60;Key&#62;c: Display(Center)
-None&#60;Key&#62;d: Display(PinOrPadName)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;d: Display(Pinout)
-None&#60;Key&#62;r: Display(ClearAndRedraw)
-None&#60;Key&#62;.: Display(Toggle45Degree)
-None&#60;Key&#62;/: Display(CycleClip)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX551"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX552"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX553"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`DRC()'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Initiates design rule checking of the entire layout. Must be repeated
-until no errors are found.
-
-<A NAME="IDX554"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX555"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX556"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`EditLayerGroups()'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Pops up a dialog box to edit the layergroup setting. The function is also
-available from the <EM>Objects</EM> menu.
-There are no defaults.
-
-<A NAME="IDX557"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX558"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Load(ElementToBuffer|Layout|LayoutToBuffer|Nelist)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This routine pops up a fileselect box to load layout, element data,
-or netlist.
-The passed filename for layout data is saved and may be reused.
-<EM>ElementToBuffer</EM> and <EM>LayoutToBuffer</EM> load the data into the
-current buffer.
-There are no defaults.
-
-<A NAME="IDX559"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX560"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX561"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`MarkCrosshair()'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This routine marks the current cursor location with an X, and then
-the cursor display shows both absolute position and position relative to
-the mark. If a mark is already present, this routine removes it and
-stops displaying relative cursor coordinates.
-Defaults:
-
-<PRE>
-!Ctrl&#60;key&#62;m: MarkCrosshair()
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX562"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX563"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX564"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Mode(Copy|InsertPoint|Line|Move|None|PasteBuffer|Polygon|Thermal)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`Mode(Remove|Rectangle|RubberbandMove|Text|Via)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`Mode(Cycle)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`Mode(Notify)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`Mode(Save|Restore)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Switches to a new mode of operation. The active mode is displayed by a thick
-line around the matching mode selector button.
-Most of the functionality of <CODE>Pcb</CODE> is implemented by selecting a mode
-and calling <EM>Mode(Notify)</EM>. The arguments <EM>Line</EM>, <EM>Polygon</EM>,
-<EM>Rectangle</EM>, <EM>Text</EM> and <EM>Via</EM> are used to create the
-appropriate object whenever <EM>Mode(Notify)</EM> is called. Some of them,
-such as <EM>Polygon</EM>, need more than one call for one object to be created.
-<EM>InsertPoint</EM> adds points to existing polygons or lines.
-<EM>Save</EM> and <EM>Restore</EM> are used to temporarily save the mode, switch
-to another one, call <EM>Mode(Notify)</EM> and restore the saved one. Have
-a look at the application resource file for examples.
-<EM>Copy</EM> and <EM>Move</EM> modes are used to change an object's location and,
-optionally, to create a new one. The first call of <EM>Mode(Notify)</EM> attaches
-the object at the pointer location to the crosshair whereas the second
-one drops it to the layout. The <EM>rubberband</EM> version of move performs the
-move while overriding the current rubberband mode.
-Passing <EM>PasteBuffer</EM> attaches the contents of the currently selected
-buffer to the crosshair. Each call to <EM>Mode(Notify)</EM> pastes this contents
-to the layout. <EM>Mode(Cycle)</EM> cycles through the modes available in the
-mode-button pallete.
-<EM>Mode(None)</EM> switches all modes off.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-&#60;Key&#62;Escape: Mode(None)
-&#60;Key&#62;space: Mode(Cycle)
-None&#60;Key&#62;BackSpace: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
-None&#60;Key&#62;Delete: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
-None&#60;Key&#62;F1: Mode(Via)
-None&#60;Key&#62;F2: Mode(Line)
-None&#60;Key&#62;F3: Mode(PasteBuffer)
-None&#60;Key&#62;F4: Mode(Rectangle)
-None&#60;Key&#62;F5: Mode(Text)
-None&#60;Key&#62;F6: Mode(Polygon)
-None&#60;Key&#62;F7: Mode(Thermal)
-None&#60;Key&#62;F8: Mode(Arc)
-None&#60;Key&#62;Insert: Mode(InsertPoint)
-None&#60;Key&#62;[: Mode(Save) Mode(Move) Mode(Notify)
-None&#60;Key&#62;]: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
-None&#60;Btn1Down&#62;: Mode(Notify)
-!Shift Ctrl&#60;Btn1Down&#62;: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
-None&#60;Btn2Down&#62;: Mode(Save) Mode(Move) Mode(Notify)
-None&#60;Btn2Up&#62;: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
-!Mod1&#60;Btn2Down&#62;: Mode(Save) Mode(Copy) Mode(Notify)
-!Mod1&#60;Btn2Up&#62;: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
-Shift Mod1&#60;Btn2Down&#62;: Mode(Save) Mode(RubberbandMove) Mode(Notify)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX565"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX566"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX567"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`MovePointer(delta_x, delta_y)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-With this function it is possible to move the crosshair cursor by using the
-cursor keys. The <CODE>X</CODE> server's pointer follows because the necessary
-events are generated by <CODE>Pcb</CODE>. All movements are performed with respect
-to the currently set grid value.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-None&#60;Key&#62;Up: MovePointer(0, -1)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;Up: MovePointer(0, -10)
-None&#60;Key&#62;Down: MovePointer(0, 1)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;Down: MovePointer(0, 10)
-None&#60;Key&#62;Right: MovePointer(1, 0)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;Right: MovePointer(10, 0)
-None&#60;Key&#62;Left: MovePointer(-1, 0)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;Left: MovePointer(-10, 0)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX568"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX569"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX570"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`MoveToCurrentLayer(Object|SelectedObjects)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The function moves a single object at the crosshair location or all selected
-objects to the current layer. Elements are not moveable by this function.
-They have to be deleted and replaced on the other side.
-If a line segment is moved and the movement would result in a loss of
-connectivity to another segment then via(s) are automatically added to
-maintain the connectivity.
-
-<PRE>
-None&#60;Key&#62;m: MoveToCurrentLayer(Object)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;m: MoveToCurrentLayer(SelectedObjects)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX571"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX572"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX573"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`New()'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Clear the current layout and starts a new one after entering its name.
-Refer to the resource <EM>backup</EM> for more information.
-No defaults.
-
-<A NAME="IDX574"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX575"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX576"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX577"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX578"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX579"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX580"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`PasteBuffer(AddSelected|Clear|1..5)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`PasteBuffer(Rotate, 1..3)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`PasteBuffer(Convert)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This action routine controls and selects the pastebuffer as well as all
-cut-and-paste operations. Passing a buffer number selects one in of the
-range 1..5. The statusline is updated with the new number.
-<EM>Rotate</EM> performs a number of 90 degree counter clockwise rotations
-of the buffer contents. <EM>AddSelected</EM> as first argument copies all
-selected and visible objects into the buffer. Passing <EM>Clear</EM> removes
-all objects from the currently selected buffer. <EM>Convert</EM> causes
-the contents of the buffer (lines, arc, vias) to be converted into an
-element definition. Refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC28">Pastebuffer</A>
-for examples.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-!Ctrl&#60;Key&#62;x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected)
- Mode(PasteBuffer)
-!Shift Ctrl&#60;Key&#62;x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected)
- RemoveSelected() Mode(PasteBuffer)
-!Mod1&#60;Key&#62;c: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected)
-!Mod1&#60;key&#62;x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected)
- RemoveSelected()
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;1: PasteBuffer(1)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;2: PasteBuffer(2)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;3: PasteBuffer(3)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;4: PasteBuffer(4)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;5: PasteBuffer(5)
-None&#60;Key&#62;F3: Mode(PasteBuffer)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX581"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX582"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX583"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX584"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Polygon((Close|PreviousPoint)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Polygons need a special action routine to make life easier. Calling
-<EM>Polygon(PreviousPoint)</EM> resets the newly entered corner to the
-previous one. The Undo action will call Polygon(PreviousPoint)
-when appropriate to do so. <EM>Close</EM> creates the final
-segment of the polygon. This may fail if clipping to 45 degree
-lines is switched on, in which case a warning is issued.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-None&#60;Key&#62;p: Polygon(Close)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;p: Polygon(Close)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX585"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX586"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX587"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Print()'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Pops up a print control box that lets you select the output
-device, scaling and many more options. Each run creates all
-files that are supported by the selected device. These are
-mask files as well as drilling files, silk screens and so on. The table
-shows the filenames for all possible files:
-
-<PRE>
- POSIX (extention) 8.3 filename
- ---------------------------------------------
- *_componentmask.* cmsk.*
- *_componentsilk.* cslk.*
- *_soldermask.* smsk.*
- *_soldersilk.* sslk.*
- *_drill.* dril.*
- *_groundplane.* gpl.*
- *_group[1..8].* [..8].*
-</PRE>
-
-The output may be sent to a postprocessor by starting the filename with the
-<EM>pipe</EM> <CODE>("|")</CODE> character. Any <CODE>"%f"</CODE> in a command is replaced
-with the current filename. The function is available from the <EM>file</EM> menu.
-There are no defaults.
-
-<A NAME="IDX588"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX589"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX590"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Quit()'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Quits the application after confirming the operation.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-&#60;Message&#62;WM_PROTOCOLS: Quit()
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX591"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX592"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX593"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Redo()'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This routine allows you to recover from the last undo command.
-You might want to do this if you thought that undo was going to
-revert something other than what it actually did (in case you
-are confused about which operations are un-doable), or if you
-have been backing up through a long undo list and over-shoot
-your stopping point. Any change that is made since the undo
-in question will trim the redo list. For example if you add
-ten lines, then undo three of them you could use redo to put
-them back, but if you move a line on the board before performing
-the redo, you will lose the ability to "redo" the three "undone" lines.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;r: Redo()
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX594"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX595"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX596"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`RemoveSelected()'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This routine removes all visible and selected objects.
-There are no defaults.
-
-<A NAME="IDX597"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX598"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX599"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX600"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Report(Object|DrillReport)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This routine pops up a dialog box describing the various
-characteristics of an object (or piece of an object such as a pad or pin)
-in the layout at the cursor position, or a report about all of the
-drill holes in the layout.
-There are no defaults.
-
-<A NAME="IDX601"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX602"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX603"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`RouteStyle(1|2|3|4)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This routine copies the sizes corresponding to the numbered route style
-into the active line thicknes, via diameter, and via drill size.
-Defaults:
-
-<PRE>
-!Ctrl&#60;Key&#62;1: RouteStyle(1)
-...
-!Ctrl&#60;Key&#62;4: RouteStyle(4)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX604"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX605"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX606"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Save(Layout|LayoutAs)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`Save(AllConnections|AllUnusedPins|ElementConnections)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Passing <EM>Layout</EM> saves the layout using the file from which it was
-loaded or, if it is a new layout, calls <EM>Save(LayoutAs)</EM> which queries
-the user for a filename.
-The values: <EM>AllConnections</EM>, <EM>AllUnusedPins</EM> and
-<EM>ElementConnections</EM> start a connection scan and save all connections,
-all unused pins or the connections of a single element to a file.
-There are no defaults.
-
-<A NAME="IDX607"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX608"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX609"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Select(All|Block|Connection|ToggleObject)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`Select(ElementByName|ObjectByName|PadByName|PinByName)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`Select(TextByName|ViaByName)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Toggles either the selection flag of the object at the crosshair position
-(<EM>ToggleObject</EM>) or selects all visible objects, all inside a
-rectangle or all objects which have been found during the last connection
-scan. The <EM>ByName</EM> functions use a regular expression search,
-always case insensitive, to select the objects.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-None&#60;Btn3Down&#62;: Select(ToggleObject)
-None&#60;Btn3Down&#62;,None&#60;Btn3Motion&#62;: See resource file - this is complex
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX610"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX611"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX612"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX613"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX614"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX615"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX616"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`SetValue(Grid|LineSize|TextScale|ViaDrillingHole|ViaSize|Zoom, value)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Some internal values may be changed online by this function.
-The first parameter specifies which data has to be changed. The other one
-determines if the resource is set to the passed value, if <EM>value</EM> is
-specified without sign, or increments/decrements if it is specified with
-a plus or minus sign.
-The function doesn't change any existing object only the initial values of
-new objects. Use the <EM>ChangeSize()</EM> and <EM>ChangeDrillSize()</EM>
-to change existing objects.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-None&#60;Key&#62;g: SetValue(Grid, +5)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;g: SetValue(Grid, -5)
-None&#60;Key&#62;l: SetValue(LineSize, +5)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;l: SetValue(LineSize, -5)
-None&#60;Key&#62;t: SetValue(TextScale, +10)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;t: SetValue(TextScale, -10)
-None&#60;Key&#62;v: SetValue(ViaSize, +5)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;v: SetValue(ViaSize, -5)
-!Mod1&#60;Key&#62;v: SetValue(ViaDrillingHole, +5)
-!Mod1 Shift&#60;Key&#62;v: SetValue(ViaDrillingHole, -5)
-None&#60;Key&#62;z: SetValue(Zoom, -1)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;z: SetValue(Zoom, +1)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX617"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX618"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX619"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`SwapSides()'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This routine changes the board side you are viewing.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-None&#60;Key&#62;Tab: SwapSides()
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX620"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX621"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX622"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`SwitchDrawingLayer(value)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Makes layer numer 1..8 the current one.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-None&#60;Key&#62;1: SwitchDrawingLayer(1)
-...
-None&#60;Key&#62;8: SwitchDrawingLayer(8)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX623"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX624"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX625"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX626"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`ToggleHideName(Object|SelectedElements)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Toggles whether the element's name is displayed or hidden. If it
-is hidden you won't see it on the screen and it will not appear
-on the silk layer when you print the layout.
-
-<PRE>
-None&#60;Key&#62;h: ToggleHideName(Object)
-!Shift&#60;Key&#62;h: ToggleHideName(SelectedElements)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX627"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX628"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX629"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Undo()'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`Undo(ClearList)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The unlimited undo feature of <CODE>Pcb</CODE> allows you to recover
-from most operations that materially affect you work.
-Calling <EM>Undo()</EM> without any parameter recovers
-from the last (non-undo) operation. <EM>ClearList</EM> is used to release the
-allocated memory. <EM>ClearList</EM> is called whenever a new layout is started
-or loaded. See also <EM>Redo</EM>.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-None&#60;Key&#62;u: Undo()
-!Shift Ctrl&#60;Key&#62;u: Undo(ClearList)
-</PRE>
-
-<A NAME="IDX630"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX631"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX632"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Unselect(All|Block|Connection)'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Unselects all visible objects, all inside a rectangle or all objects which
-have been found during the last connection scan.
-Default:
-
-<PRE>
-!Shift &#60;Btn3Down&#62;: Mode(Save) Mode(None) Unselect(Block)
-!Shift &#60;Btn3Up&#62;: Unselect(Block) Mode(Restore)
-</PRE>
-
-</DL>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX633"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX634"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX635"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC43" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC43">Default Translations</A></H2>
-<P>
-This section covers some default translations of key and button events as
-defined in the shipped default application resource file. Most of them have
-already been listed in section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC42">Actions</A>. <CODE>Pcb</CODE> makes use of a nice <CODE>X11</CODE>
-feature; calling several action routines for one event.
-
-
-<DL COMPACT>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`None&#60;Key&#62;BackSpace:'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<A NAME="IDX636"></A>
- <A NAME="IDX637"></A>
- <A NAME="IDX638"></A>
- <A NAME="IDX639"></A>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`None&#60;key&#62;Delete:'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`!Shift&#60;Key&#62;BackSpace:'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`!Shift Ctrl&#60;Btn1Down&#62;:'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The object at the cursor location is removed by <EM>None&#60;Key&#62;BackSpace</EM> or
-<EM>Shift Ctrl&#60;Btn1Down&#62;</EM> whereas <EM>Shift&#60;Key&#62;BackSpace</EM> also removes
-all other objects that are fully-connected to the one at the cursor location.
-
-<A NAME="IDX640"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`!Mod1 Ctrl&#60;Key&#62;Left:'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`!Mod1 Ctrl&#60;Key&#62;Right:'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`!Mod1 Ctrl&#60;Key&#62;Up:'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`!Mod1 Ctrl&#60;Key&#62;Down:'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Scroll one page in one of the four directions.
-
-<A NAME="IDX641"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`None&#60;Key&#62;Left:, !Shift&#60;Key&#62;Left:'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`None&#60;Key&#62;Right:, !Shift&#60;Key&#62;Right:'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`None&#60;Key&#62;Up:, !Shift&#60;Key&#62;Up:'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`None&#60;Key&#62;Down:, !Shift&#60;Key&#62;Down:'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Move crosshair either one or ten points in grid.
-
-<A NAME="IDX642"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`None&#60;Key&#62;Return:'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Finished user input, selects the 'default' button of dialogs.
-
-<A NAME="IDX643"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`None&#60;Key&#62;Escape:'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<EM>Mode(Reset)</EM>, aborts user input, selects the 'abort' button of
-dialogs or resets all modes.
-
-<A NAME="IDX644"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX645"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX646"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX647"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX648"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`None&#60;Btn2Down&#62;, Btn2&#60;Motion&#62;, None&#60;Btn2Up&#62;:'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`!Mod1&#60;Btn2Down&#62;, Btn2&#60;Motion&#62;, !Mod1&#60;Btn2Up&#62;:'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The first sequence moves the object or element name at the cursor location.
-The second one copies the objects. Copying isn't available for
-element names.
-
-</DL>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX649"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX650"></A>
-
-
-<H1><A NAME="SEC44" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC44">File Formats</A></H1>
-<P>
-All files used by <CODE>Pcb</CODE> are read from the standard output of a command
-or written to the standard input of one as plain seven bit <CODE>ASCII</CODE>. This
-makes it possible to use any editor to change the contents of a layout file.
-It is the only way for element or font description files to be created.
-To do so you'll need to study the example files <TT>`example/*'</TT> and
-<TT>`default_font'</TT> which are shipped with <CODE>Pcb</CODE>.
-For an overview refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC3">Introduction</A>.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX651"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX652"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX653"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX654"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX655"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX656"></A>
-The following sections provide the necessary information about the syntax of
-the files.
-Netlist files are not created by <CODE>Pcb</CODE>, but it does use them. For information
-on the format of a netlist file see the <EM>:rn</EM>,
-section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC36">User Commands</A>. Rat lines are added on the current layer using the current
-The commands described allow you to add almost any additional
-functionality you may need. Examples are compressed read and write access as
-well as archives. The commands themselves are defined by the resources
-<EM>elementCommand</EM>, <EM>fileCommand</EM>, <EM>fontCommand</EM>,
-<EM>libraryCommand</EM>, <EM>libraryContentsCommand</EM> and <EM>saveCommand</EM>.
-Note that the commands are not saved along with the data.
-It is considered an advantage to have the layout file contain all necessary
-information, independent of any other files.
-
-
-<P>
-One thing common to all files is they may include comments, newlines,
-and carriage returns at any place except within quoted strings.
-
-
-
-<UL>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC45">Basic Types</A>: Basic types used by all data files.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC46">Layout File</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC47">Element File</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC48">Font File</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC49">Library Contents File</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC50">Library File</A>
-</UL>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX657"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX658"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC45" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC45">Basic Types</A></H2>
-<P>
-Here are the basic type definitions used in the other sections of this
-chapter.
-
-
-
-<PRE>
-Description = Name
-DeltaAngle = Number
-DrillingHole = Number
-Flags = Number
-FontPosition = Number
-Grid = Number
-GridOffsetX = Number
-GridOffsetY = Number
-Group = GroupMember [,GroupMember]...
-GroupMember = decimal | [cs]
-GroupString = """ Group [:Group]... """
-StyleString = """ Style [:Style]... """
-Height = Number
-LayerNumber = Number
-LayoutName = Name
-Name = quoted_string
-Number = decimal | hex
-PinNumber = quoted_string
-Spacing = Number
-StartAngle = Number
-SymbolID = Number | charconst
-Thickness = Number
-TextData = quoted_string
-TextFlags = Flags
-TextScale = scale
-TextX = Number
-TextY = Number
-Value = Name
-Width = Number
-X = Number
-X1 = Number
-X2 = Number
-Y = Number
-Y1 = Number
-Y2 = Number
-charconst = "'" &#60;any character&#62; "'"
-comment = "#" {&#60;any character up to a newline&#62;}...
-decimal = [0-9]+
-direction = [0-3]
-hex = 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+
-scale = [1-&#60;positive integer&#62;]
-quoted_string = """ &#60;anything except \n and \r&#62; """
-zoom = [0-MAX]
-</PRE>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX659"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX660"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX661"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC46" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC46">Layout File Format</A></H2>
-<P>
-The layout file describes a complete layout including symbols, vias,
-elements and layers with lines, rectangles and text. This is the most
-complex file of all.
-
-
-
-<PRE>
-File = Header Font PCBData
-Header = PCBName [GridData] [CursorData] [PCBFlags] [Groups]
-PCBName = "PCB(" Name Width Height ")"
-GridData = "Grid(" Grid GridOffsetX GridOffsetY ")"
-CursorData = "Cursor(" X Y zoom ")"
-PCBFlags = "Flags(" Flags ")"
-Groups = "Groups(" GroupString ")"
-Styles = "Styles(" StyleString ")"
-Font = {FontData}...
-FontData = {Symbol}...
-Symbol = "Symbol(" SymbolID Spacing ")"
- "(" {SymbolData}... ")"
-SymbolData = {SymbolLine}...
-SymbolLine = "SymbolLine(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness ")"
-PCBData = {Via | Layer | Element}...
-
-Via = "Via(" X Y Thickness DrillingHole Name Flags ")"
-
-Element = "Element(" Flags Description LayoutName Value \
- TextX TextY direction scale TextFlags")"
- "(" {ElementData}... [Mark] ")"
-ElementData = {ElementLine | Pad | Pin | ElementArc }...
-ElementArc = "ElementArc(" X Y Width Height
- StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness ")"
-ElementLine = "ElementLine(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness ")"
-Mark = "Mark(" X Y ")"
-Pad = "Pad(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Name PinNumber Flags")"
-Pin = "Pin(" X Y Thickness DrillingHole Name PinNumber Flags ")"
-
-Layer = "Layer(" LayerNumber Name ")"
- "(" {LayerData}... ")"
-LayerData = {Line | Polygon | Text}...
-Line = "Line(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Flags")"
-Arc = "Arc(" X Y Width Height StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness Flags")"
-Polygon = "Polygon(" Flags ")" \
- "(" {Points}... ")"
-Points = "(" X Y ")"
-Text = "Text(" X Y direction scale TextData Flags")"
-</PRE>
-
-<DL COMPACT>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`PCBName'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-is used to define the layout's name which is independent of its filename.
-It is displayed in the lower left corner of the main window.
-
-<DT><SAMP>`GridData'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-is optional and is used to save the grid setting and offset which were set
-at the time the layout was saved.
-
-<DT><SAMP>`CursorData'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-also is an optional parameter to save the last cursor location and zoom value.
-The real zoom factor is calculated by scale = 1:(2 power value).
-
-<DT><SAMP>`PCBFlags'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-determine how to draw lines and which name of the elements should be
-displayed.
-
-<PRE>
- bit 4: do rubberband moves and rotates if set
- bit 5: display description of elements if set
- bit 6: display unique name of an element if set
- bit 7: use absolute grid if set
- bit 8: don't clip lines to 45 degrees
-</PRE>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`Groups'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Layergroups are saved by using this optional parameter. The only way of
-changing them is to use an editor and alter the appropriate line. The
-characters <EM>c,s</EM> idenify the component- and solder-side for SMD
-objects.
-
-<DT><SAMP>`Symbol'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-See the description of font files in this chapter.
-
-<DT><SAMP>`Via'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Vias are always connected to all layers which also means vias are one
-logical level ahead of layers. Vias are defined by position, size, name and
-by some flags.
-
-<PRE>
- bit 0: always clear
- bit 1: always set
- bit 2: set if via was found during a connection search
- bit 4: set if via is a hole (has no copper annulus)
- bit 5: display the vias name
- bit 6: via has been selected
- bit 12: set if via has octagonal shape
- Other bits have special meaning and should not be changed
- by the user. See const.h for more information
-</PRE>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`Element'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-See the description of element files in this chapter.
-
-<DT><SAMP>`Layer'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-A layer is the central object from the user's point of view. It holds all
-connections and all text objects. Up to 8 may be used individually.
-Its number, starting with one, and its name are read as arguments.
-
-<DL COMPACT>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`Line'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-All lines are identified by their start and endpoints together with their
-thickness and some flags. They have to fit a 45 degree scheme.
-
-<PRE>
- bit 2: set if line was found during a connection search
- bit 4: line is a rat-line
- bit 6: line has been selected
-</PRE>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`Polygon'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-used to fill a larger area with <SAMP>`copper'</SAMP>. The coordinates specify the
-corners. The flags are:
-
-<PRE>
- bit 2: set if polygon was found during a connection search
- bit 4: polygon is a 1.5 style polygon that automatically clears pins
- bit 6: polygon has been selected
-</PRE>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`Text'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-You may use text objects to add information to your board. An example would
-be naming a connector or marking pin one of it. The position marks the
-lower left corner of the string which is also a fixpoint for rotations.
-Text directions are independent to those of lines. They are counted from
-zero to three with a meaning of zero to 270 degree rotations counter-clockwise.
-The scaling value is a positive integer which determines a zoom factor in
-percent.
-
-<PRE>
- bit 6: the text has been selected
- bit 7: the text is on the solder (back) side of the board
- bit 10: the text is on the silkscreen layer
-</PRE>
-
-</DL>
-
-</DL>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX662"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX663"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX664"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC47" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC47">Element File Format</A></H2>
-<P>
-Element files are used to describe one component which then may be used
-several times within one or more layouts. You will normally split the
-file into two parts, one for the pinout and one for the package description.
-Using <CODE>m4</CODE> allows you to define pin names as macros in one file and
-include a package description file which evaluates the macros. See
-the resource <EM>elementCommand</EM> for more information. The pins (and pads)
-must appear in squential order in the element file (new in 1.5) so that
-pin 1 must be the first PIN(...) in the file.
-
-
-<P>
-Doing things this way makes it possible to use one package file for several
-different circuits. See the sample files <TT>`dil*'</TT>.
-
-
-<P>
-The lowest x and y coordinates of all subobjects of an element are used
-as an attachment point for the crosshair cursor of the main window.
-
-
-
-<PRE>
-File = {Element}...
-Element = "Element(" Flags Description LayoutName Value \
- TextX TextY direction scale TextFlags")"
- "(" {ElementData}... [Mark] ")"
-ElementData = {ElementLine | Pad | Pin | ElementArc }...
-ElementArc = "ElementArc(" X Y Width Height
- StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness ")"
-ElementLine = "ElementLine(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness ")"
-Mark = "Mark(" X Y ")"
-Pad = "Pad(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Name PinNumber Flags ")"
-Pin = "Pin(" X Y Thickness DrillingHole Name PinNumber Flags ")"
-</PRE>
-
-<DL COMPACT>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`Element'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Objects of type element are determined by flags, some names, a canonical
-and a layout name as well as a value. Additional fields are text position,
-their direction counted from zero to three (n * 90 degrees counter-clockwise)
-and element data.
-
-<DL COMPACT>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`Flags'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The flag field determines the state of an element.
-The bit values are:
-
-<PRE>
- bit 4: the element name is hidden
- bit 6: element has been selected
- bit 7: element is located on the solder side
-</PRE>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`TextFlags'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`scale'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<DT><SAMP>`direction'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-See the description of text object earlier in this chapter.
-
-<DT><SAMP>`ElementLine'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-A line is defined by its start and end points and by its size, or width.
-
-<DT><SAMP>`ElementArc'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Defines an arc by its center, width, height, startangle, its length in
-degrees and its size. Remember the y axis on the screen grows downwards.
-
-<DT><SAMP>`Mark'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-is just a hint to make positioning easier. The crosshair will be positioned
-here. Its center is passed as the two arguments.
-
-<DT><SAMP>`Pad'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-A pad is very similar to a line except it may not be disconnected from
-its element and it has an associated name.
-Is is defined by two end point position, size, name and by some flags.
-
-<PRE>
- bit 2: set if pad was found during a connection search
- bit 5: display the pads name
- bit 6: pad has been selected
- bit 7: pad is located on the solder side
-</PRE>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`Pin'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-A pin is very similar to a via except it may not be disconnected from
-its element.
-
-<PRE>
- bit 0: always set
- bit 1: always clear
- bit 2: set if pin was found during a connection search
- bit 3: set if pin is only a mounting hole (no copper annulus)
- bit 5: display the pins name
- bit 6: pin has been selected
- bit 8: pin is drawn as a square
- bit 12: set if pin is drawn with an octagonal shape
-</PRE>
-
-</DL>
-
-</DL>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX665"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX666"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX667"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC48" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC48">Font File Format</A></H2>
-<P>
-A number of user defined symbols are called a font. There is only one per
-layout. All symbols are made of lines. See the file <TT>`default_font'</TT>
-as an example.
-
-
-<P>
-The lowest x and y coordinates of all lines of a font are transformed to (0,0).
-
-
-
-<PRE>
-File = Font
-Font = {FontData}...
-FontData = {Symbol}...
-Symbol = "Symbol(" SymbolID FontPosition ")"
- "(" {SymbolData}... ")"
-SymbolData = {SymbolLine}...
-</PRE>
-
-<DL COMPACT>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`Symbol'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The two arguments are the <CODE>ASCII</CODE> code of the symbol and its distance to
-the next symbol. Undefined symbols are drawn as filled rectangles.
-The <CODE>ASCII</CODE> code may be passed as a character constant or as a hexadecimal
-value.
-
-<DL COMPACT>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`SymbolLine'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The symbol data itself is made up of several entries
-of type <EM>SymbolLine</EM>.
-</DL>
-
-</DL>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX668"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX669"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX670"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC49" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC49">Library Contents File Format</A></H2>
-<P>
-There is nothing like a special library format. The ones that have been
-introduced in 1.4.1 just use some nice (and time consuming) fetures of GNU
-<CODE>m4</CODE>. The only predefined format is the one of the contents file
-which is read during startup. It is made up of two basic line types:
-
-
-
-<PRE>
-menu entry = "TYPE="name
-contents line = template":"package":"value":"description
-name = String
-template = String
-package = String
-value = String
-description = String
-String = &#60;anything except ":", "\n" and "\r"&#62;
-</PRE>
-
-<P>
-No leading whitespaces or comments are allowed in this file. If you need
-either one, define a command that removes them before loading. Have a look
-to the <EM>libraryContentsCommand</EM> resource.
-
-
-<P>
-The menu entry will appear in the selection menu at the top and of the
-library window.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX671"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX672"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX673"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC50" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC50">Library File Format</A></H2>
-<P>
-This section provides an overview about the existing <CODE>m4</CODE> definitions
-of the elements. There are basically two different types of files. One
-to define element specific data like the pinout, package and so on, the
-other to define the values. For example the static RAM circuits 43256 and
-62256 are very similar. They therefore share a common definition in the
-macro file but are defined with two different value labels.
-
-
-<P>
-The macro file entry:
-
-<PRE>
-define(`Description_43256_dil', `SRAM 32Kx8')
-define(`Param1_43256_dil', 28)
-define(`Param2_43256_dil', 600)
-define(`PinList_43256_dil', ``pin1', `pin2', ...')
-</PRE>
-
-<P>
-And the list file:
-
-<PRE>
-43256_dil:N:43256:62256
-</PRE>
-
-<P>
-The macro must define a description, the pin list and up to two additional
-parameters that are passed to the package definitions. The first one is
-the number of pins whereas the second one defines for example the width
-of a package.
-
-
-<P>
-It is very important to select a unique identifier for each macro. In
-the example this would be <EM>43256_dil</EM> which is also the templates name.
-It is required by some low-level macros that
-<EM>Description_, Param1_, Param2_</EM> and <EM>PinList_</EM> are prepended.
-
-
-<P>
-The list file uses a syntax:
-
-<PRE>
-template:package:value[:more values]
-</PRE>
-
-<P>
-This means that the shown example will create two element entries with the
-sam package and pinout but with different names.
-
-
-<P>
-A number of packages are defined in <TT>`common.m4'</TT>. Included are:
-
-
-
-<PRE>
-DIL packages with suffix D, DW, J, JD, JG, N, NT, P
-PLCC
-TO3
-generic connectors
-DIN 41.612 connectors
-zick-zack (SD suffix)
-15 pin multiwatt
-</PRE>
-
-<P>
-If you are going to start your own library please take care about <CODE>m4</CODE>
-functions. Be aware of quoting and so on and, most important check your
-additional entry by calling the macro:
-
-
-
-<PRE>
-CreateObject(`template', `value', `package suffix')
-</PRE>
-
-<P>
-If quoting is incorrect an endless loop may occur (broken by a out-of-memory
-message).
-
-
-<P>
-The scripts in the <TT>`lib'</TT> directory handle the creation of libraries
-as well as of their contents files. Querying is also supported.
-
-
-<P>
-I know quite well that this description of the library implementation is
-not what some out there expect. But in my opinion it's much more useful to
-look at the comments and follow the macros step by step.
-
-
-
-
-<H1><A NAME="SEC51" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC51">Installation and Troubleshooting</A></H1>
-<P>
-Compiling and installing the package should be straightforward. If any problems
-occur, please contact the author (Thomas.Nau@rz.uni-ulm.de) to find
-a solution and include it into the next release.
-
-
-
-<UL>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC52">compiling</A>: Compiling and installing.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC56">problems</A>: Troubleshooting.
-</UL>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX674"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX675"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC52" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC52">Compiling and Installing</A></H2>
-<P>
-This section covers the steps which are necessary to compile the package.
-
-
-
-<UL>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC53">config.h</A>: Editing <TT>`config.h'</TT> options.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC54">manuals</A>: Creating the man page, info file and this manual.
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC55">make</A>: Creating the <TT>`Makefile'</TT>, compiling and installing.
-</UL>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX676"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX677"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX678"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC53" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC53">Editing config.h</A></H3>
-<P>
-Most <CODE>X11</CODE> related options are automatically covered by <CODE>imake</CODE>
-which is called from <CODE>xmkmf</CODE>. The ones special to <CODE>Pcb</CODE>
-have to be edited in <TT>`config.h'</TT>.
-In order of appearance:
-
-
-<DL COMPACT>
-
-<DT><SAMP>`INFOLIBDIR'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-<A NAME="IDX679"></A>
-
-must be set to the directory where your GNU info files are located.
-
-<A NAME="IDX680"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-is the path of a directory where the font files will be installed.
-
-<A NAME="IDX681"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`DEFAULTFONT'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-the name of the default font file.
-
-<A NAME="IDX682"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`DEFAULTLIBRARY'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-the name of the default library.
-
-<A NAME="IDX683"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`gm4'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-the name of GNUs m4 version.
-
-<A NAME="IDX684"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`Mod1'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-If your window manager has already bound <EM>Mod1</EM> together with some
-function keys you may want to change this setting. This is true for HP-VUE.
-
-<A NAME="IDX685"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`EXTRA_INCLUDES'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Some systems do not have the Athena Widget include files in their normal
-place as configured by <CODE>X11</CODE>s config files. Define this as follows:
-
-<PRE>
- EXTRA_INCLUDES = -I/usr/openwin/share/include
-</PRE>
-
-This is probably true for Suns which use <CODE>OpenWindows</CODE>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX686"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`PATCHES'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This symbol is passed to the compiler. Use it to define additional compiler
-flags.
-Add the <EM>-DNEED_STRDUP</EM> flag, if your system does not have a strdup()
-library function.
-
-<A NAME="IDX687"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`HAS_REGEX'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-Set to <EM>-DHAS_REGEX</EM> if your system supports regular expressions.
-This enables the actions <EM>Select(*ByName)</EM>.
-
-<A NAME="IDX688"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX689"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`EXITCALL'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-The symbol <EM>EXITCALL</EM> should be defined according to the
-<EM>call on exit</EM> functions supported by your system. There are three
-choices:
-
-<PRE>
- EXITCALL = -DHAS_ATEXIT if atexit() is supported (SYSV)
- EXITCALL = -DHAS_ON_EXIT if on_exit() and no atexit() is supported
- EXITCALL = if none of them is supported
-</PRE>
-
-Please check your manpages for details.
-
-<A NAME="IDX690"></A>
-<DT><SAMP>`SYS_LIBRARIES'</SAMP>
-<DD>
-This symbol is used to pass additional libraries to the linker. The only
-additional libraries which are used are the math and lex library.
-
-</DL>
-
-<P>
-If you have to make system dependent changes please include them into a
-<EM>#ifdef Architecture</EM> ... <EM>#endif</EM> construct and mail a copy to
-the author (Thomas.Nau@rz.uni-ulm.de).
-
-
-<P>
-Now run <CODE>xmkmf -a</CODE> which creates the <TT>`Makefiles'</TT> and runs
-<CODE>make depend</CODE>. This should finish without any problems except some
-systems which complain about missing include files. Don't worry about any
-such warnings at this time, the package should compile without any problems.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX691"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX692"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX693"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX694"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC54" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC54">Manuals</A></H3>
-<P>
-After <CODE>xmkmf -a</CODE> has created the new <TT>`Makefile'</TT> you are able to
-create the manpages, the application resource, the info file, the
-<CODE>TeX</CODE> output and a reference card by executing
-
-<PRE>
- (cd doc; make)
- (cd src; make Pcb.ad)
-</PRE>
-
-<P>
-You'll need <CODE>TeX</CODE>, <CODE>texindex</CODE> and, if you want <CODE>PostScript</CODE>,
-<CODE>dvips</CODE> to build the manuals. Preformatted documentation for the
-default configuration may be found in the <TT>`./doc.ps'</TT> directory.
-A simple <EM>make</EM> builds everything.
-Generate a printed copy to make your life easier.
-<CODE>TeX-3.0</CODE> failed, <CODE>TeX-3.14</CODE> worked just fine.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX695"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC55" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC55">Compiling the Package</A></H3>
-<P>
-After reaching this point, it is time for <CODE>make</CODE>. It should build
-everything without any errors.
-If it doesn't refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC56">Troubleshooting</A>.
-
-
-<P>
-You have to be root to install the package or at least a user with
-the appropriate priveleges in some <CODE>X11</CODE> directories. Set the umask to
-<EM>022</EM> or else some files will not be found because the directory isn't
-world readable.
-
-
-<P>
-If you do not have the appropriate permissions you should run
-<TT>`./pcbtest.sh'</TT> in the <TT>`src'</TT> directory to run <CODE>Pcb</CODE> from
-the installation directory.
-
-
-<P>
-<CODE>make install</CODE> and <CODE>make install.man</CODE> install the program,
-the fonts, the application default resource file, all element and package
-data as well as the manpage into the <CODE>X11</CODE> directories.
-<CODE>make install.info</CODE> does the same for the <CODE>GNU</CODE> info file.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX696"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX697"></A>
-
-
-<H2><A NAME="SEC56" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC56">Troubleshooting</A></H2>
-<P>
-There are some known problems. Most of them are related to
-missing parts of a standard <CODE>X11</CODE> distribution. Some others are caused by
-third party applications such as <CODE>X</CODE> servers. To make this list more
-complete please mail your problems and, if available, solutions to the author.
-The mail address may be found at the beginning of this chapter.
-In any case, read section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC64">Problems related to X11</A>.
-
-
-<P>
-By the way, you <CODE>MUST HAVE AN ANSI COMPILER</CODE> to make <CODE>Pcb</CODE> work.
-
-
-<P>
-If the shell script <CODE>create_sed_script.sh</CODE> fails with an error
-of <CODE>awk</CODE> check your system for <CODE>nawk</CODE> or get the <CODE>GNU gawk</CODE>.
-See the script for details.
-
-
-<P>
-Another source of problems are older versions of <CODE>flex</CODE> and <CODE>bison</CODE>.
-<CODE>Pcb</CODE> definitely works with <CODE>flex-2.4.7</CODE> and <CODE>bison-1.22</CODE> or
-later. The problems will result in a <EM>syntax error</EM> while parsing files.
-You will have to add <EM>-lfl</EM> to the SYS_LIBRARIES identifier in
-<TT>`Imakefile'</TT>. See also, section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC63">FreeBSD and NetBSD</A>.
-
-
-<P>
-The following list gives you just an idea because I'm not able to test
-all <CODE>Pcb</CODE> releases on all platforms.
-
-
-
-<UL>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC57">HP</A>: Hewlett-Packard series 700 and 800 running HP-UX 10.*
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC58">Sun</A>: Sun, Solaris 2.5
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC59">SGI</A>: SGI, IRIX 5.3 and 6.*
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC60">DEC Alpha</A>: DEC Alpha, DEC UNIX 3.2c and 4.0
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC61">SCO</A>: SCO Unix ODT 3.0, PC hardware
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC62">Linux</A>: Linux 0.99pl14 and later
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC63">FreeBSD</A>: FreeBSD, NetBSD ...
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC64">X11</A>: Refers to <CODE>X11R4</CODE>, <CODE>X11R5</CODE>, and <CODE>OpenWindows</CODE>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC65">TeX and Manuals</A>: Problems creating the <TT>`pcb.dvi'</TT>
-</UL>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX698"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX699"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX700"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC57" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC57">HP Series 700 and 800</A></H3>
-<P>
-You have to install several <CODE>X11</CODE> tools (<CODE>imake</CODE>) and include files
-or, better, install a complete <CODE>X11R5</CODE> release. Hewlett-Packard doesn't
-support the Athena Widgets. So the header files and libraries are missing
-from the application media, but they are available as a patch.
-They also do not ship the <CODE>ANSI</CODE> compiler with the normal operating
-system release so you have to buy one or use <CODE>GCC</CODE>.
-Some of the tools are available as patches.
-
-
-<P>
-In addition, <CODE>Pcb</CODE> has been successfully tested on these platforms with
-<CODE>HPUX 9.*, 10.*</CODE> running self-compiled <CODE>X11R5</CODE>.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX701"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX702"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX703"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX704"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC58" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC58">Sun SPARC architecture</A></H3>
-<P>
-There are no known problems with Sun machines if they use <CODE>X11R5</CODE> instead
-of <CODE>OpenWindows</CODE>. <CODE>Pcb</CODE> compiled successfully with all kinds of
-SPARCstations <CODE>Solaris-2.[345]</CODE>.
-
-
-<P>
-For problems with <CODE>OpenWindows</CODE> refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC64">Problems related to X11</A>.
-
-
-<P>
-If <CODE>xmkmf</CODE> is missing, try
-
-<PRE>
- /usr/openwin/bin/imake -DUseInstalled -I/usr/openwin/lib/config
- make Makefile
- make includes
- make depend
-</PRE>
-
-<P>
-instead. I got it compiled but the linker complained about missing symbols.
-The problem may be related to the mixed <CODE>OpenWindows</CODE> - <CODE>X11R5</CODE>
-environment which is installed on the test machine.
-Anyway the code was executable and I haven't got a core yet.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX705"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX706"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX707"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC59" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC59">Silicon Graphics</A></H3>
-<P>
-<CODE>Pcb</CODE> has been tested on some boxes running either <CODE>IRIX-4.0.5</CODE> or
-<CODE>IRIX-5.3</CODE>. The former one uses a <CODE>X11R4</CODE> server.
-There are no problems except some additionally needed
-compiler flags. For known problems
-with <CODE>X11R4</CODE>, see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC64">Problems related to X11</A>. Check <TT>`Imakefile'</TT>, too.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX708"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX709"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX710"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC60" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC60">DEC Alpha</A></H3>
-<P>
-<CODE>Pcb</CODE> compiled and runs without problems on <CODE>DEC UNIX V3.2c</CODE> if you
-do the following instead of calling <CODE>xmkmf -a</CODE>:
-
-<PRE>
- xmkmf
- make Makefiles
- make includes
- make depend
-</PRE>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX711"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX712"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX713"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC61" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC61">SCO Unix</A></H3>
-<P>
-John DuBois &#60;spcecdt@deeptht.armory.com&#62; wrote:
-
-<PRE>
-<CODE>SCO-ODT-3.0</CODE> requires the latest version of tls003, the Athena
-widget library (available from sosco.sco.com). The main problems
-I have encountered are it core dumps fairly often, especially
-while loading/dropping elements...
-</PRE>
-
-<P>
-I'll see what I am able to do as soon as I have access to an <CODE>SCO</CODE> system.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX714"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX715"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX716"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC62" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC62">Linux</A></H3>
-<P>
-Since the <CODE>X11</CODE> version of <CODE>Pcb</CODE> has been developed on a Linux
-system here are no known problems.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX717"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX718"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX719"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC63" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC63">FreeBSD and NetBSD</A></H3>
-<P>
-If <CODE>Pcb</CODE> complains about syntax errors even in the demo files get
-rid of your <CODE>lex</CODE> and <CODE>yacc</CODE> implementation. Replace them by
-<CODE>GNU flex</CODE> and <CODE>bison</CODE>. Don't forget to change the SYS_LIBRARIES
-in <TT>`Imakefile'</TT> from <EM>-ll</EM> to <EM>-lfl</EM>. You also need to define:
-
-<PRE>
- YACC = bison -y
- LEX = flex
-</PRE>
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX720"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC64" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC64">Problems related to X11</A></H3>
-<P>
-There are a some problems related to <CODE>X11R4</CODE> or systems derived from
-<CODE>X11</CODE> such as <CODE>OpenWindows</CODE>. See section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC58">Sun SPARC architecture</A>. You at least have to change
-all occurances of <EM>baseTranslations</EM> in the resource files to
-<EM>translations</EM> if you are using a <CODE>X11R4</CODE> server. Look at the
-<CODE>X11R5</CODE> <EM>Intrinsics</EM> manual for details.
-
-
-<P>
-The panner widget (print dialog box) appears only in release <CODE>X11R5</CODE> and
-later. It really simplifies adjusting the offsets.
-With earlier releases the printout will always appear in the center of the
-page.
-
-
-<P>
-You may have some problems in a mixed <CODE>X11-OpenWindows</CODE>
-environment.
-If you want to try it anyway you have to add an additional path for
-include files and define another symbol in <TT>`Imakefile'</TT>,
-
-<PRE>
- EXTRA_INCLUDES = -I/usr/openwin/include
-</PRE>
-
-<P>
-<CODE>Pcb</CODE> has been tested successfully with <CODE>X11R6</CODE> under Linux 1.1.59
-and later.
-
-
-<P>
-<A NAME="IDX721"></A>
-
-
-<H3><A NAME="SEC65" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC65">Problems related to TeX</A></H3>
-<P>
-If your <CODE>TeX</CODE> installation complains about a missing <TT>`texinfo.tex'</TT>
-file copy the one included in this release (directory <TT>`doc'</TT>
-to your <CODE>TeX</CODE> macro directory.
-Note, there are probably newer versions of this file available from some
-FTP sites.
-<CODE>TeX-3.0</CODE> failed, <CODE>TeX-3.14</CODE> worked just fine. Check our FTP server
-<EM>ftp.uni-ulm.de</EM> for ready-to-print versions of the manuals.
-
-
-
-
-<H1><A NAME="SEC66" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC66">Index of Resources</A></H1>
-<P>
-Jump to:
-<A HREF="#vindex_/">/</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_a">a</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_b">b</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_c">c</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_d">d</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_e">e</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_f">f</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_g">g</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_h">h</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_i">i</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_l">l</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_m">m</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_o">o</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_p">p</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_r">r</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_s">s</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_t">t</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_u">u</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_v">v</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_w">w</A>
--
-<A HREF="#vindex_z">z</A>
-<P>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_/">/</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX680">/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_a">a</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX283">absoluteGrid</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX285">alignmentDistance</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX160">allDirectionLines</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX287">allDirectionLines</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_b">b</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX165">backupInterval</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX290">backupInterval</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX292">bloat</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_c">c</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX168">charactersPerLine</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX295">charactersPerLine</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX299">connectedColor</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX302">crosshairColor</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_d">d</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX174">default font</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX681">DEFAULTFONT</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX682">DEFAULTLIBRARY</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_e">e</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX305">elementColor</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX178">elementCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX309">elementCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX651">elementCommand</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX372">elementContentsCommand</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX316">elementPath</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX306">elementSelectedColor</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX688">EXITCALL</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX689">EXITCALL</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX685">EXTRA_INCLUDES</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_f">f</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX185">fileCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX321">fileCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX652">fileCommand</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX328">filePath</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX192">fontCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX333">fontCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX653">fontCommand</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX173">fontFile</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX341">fontFile</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX344">fontPath</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_g">g</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX683">gm4</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX350">grid</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX353">gridColor</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_h">h</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX687">HAS_REGEX</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_i">i</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX679">INFOLIBDIR</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX356">invisibleObjectsColor</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_l">l</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX359">layerColor</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX200">layerGroups</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX363">layerGroups</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX366">layerName</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX360">layerSelectedColor</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX210">libraryCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX368">libraryCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX654">libraryCommand</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX216">libraryContentsCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX655">libraryContentsCommand</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX204">libraryFilename</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX376">libraryFilename</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX207">libraryPath</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX379">libraryPath</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX383">lineThickness</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_m">m</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX387">media</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX684">Mod1</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_o">o</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX391">offLimitColor</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_p">p</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX686">PATCHES</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX394">pinColor</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX398">pinoutFont0..4</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX224">pinoutNameLength</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX401">pinoutNameLength</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX405">pinoutOffsetX</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX406">pinoutOffsetY</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX408">pinoutTextOffsetX</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX409">pinoutTextOffsetY</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX229">pinoutZoom</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX411">pinoutZoom</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX395">pinSelectedColor</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX414">printCommand</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_r">r</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX416">raiseLogWindow</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX419">ratCommand</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX422">ratPath</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX233">resetAfterElement</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX425">resetAfterElement</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX238">ringBellWhenFinished</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX428">ringBellWhenFinished</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX242">routeStyle</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX430">routeStyle</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX432">rubberBandMode</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_s">s</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX259">saveCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX436">saveCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX656">saveCommand</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX250">saveInTMP</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX443">saveInTMP</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX245">saveLastCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX450">saveLastCommand</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX453">shrink</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX266">size</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX456">size</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX459">stipplePolygons</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX690">SYS_LIBRARIES</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_t">t</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX462">textScale</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_u">u</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX465">useLogWindow</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_v">v</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX468">viaColor</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX473">viaDrillingHole</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX469">viaSelectedColor</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX472">viaThickness</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX270">volume</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX477">volume</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_w">w</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX480">warnColor</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="vindex_z">z</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX483">zoom</A>
-</DIR>
-
-
-
-
-<H1><A NAME="SEC67" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC67">Index of Actions, Commands and Options</A></H1>
-<P>
-Jump to:
-<A HREF="#findex_+">+</A>
--
-<A HREF="#findex_-">-</A>
--
-<A HREF="#findex_:">:</A>
--
-<A HREF="#findex_a">a</A>
--
-<A HREF="#findex_b">b</A>
--
-<A HREF="#findex_c">c</A>
--
-<A HREF="#findex_d">d</A>
--
-<A HREF="#findex_e">e</A>
--
-<A HREF="#findex_l">l</A>
--
-<A HREF="#findex_m">m</A>
--
-<A HREF="#findex_n">n</A>
--
-<A HREF="#findex_p">p</A>
--
-<A HREF="#findex_q">q</A>
--
-<A HREF="#findex_r">r</A>
--
-<A HREF="#findex_s">s</A>
--
-<A HREF="#findex_t">t</A>
--
-<A HREF="#findex_u">u</A>
-<P>
-<H2><A NAME="findex_+">+</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX164">+alldirections</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX235">+reset</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX240">+ring</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX249">+s</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX252">+save</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="findex_-">-</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX163">-alldirections</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX167">-backup</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX172">-c</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX274">-copyright</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX175">-fontfile</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX279">-help</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX179">-lelement</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX186">-lfile</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX199">-lfont</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX203">-lg</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX205">-libname</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX208">-libpath</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX215">-llib</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX220">-llibcont</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX223">-loggeometry</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX225">-pnl</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX232">-pz</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX234">-reset</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX239">-ring</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX243">-rs</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX248">-s</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX251">-save</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX265">-sfile</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX269">-size</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX273">-v</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX276">-version</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="findex_:">:</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX155">:actionCommand()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX131">:l</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX134">:le</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX137">:m</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX142">:q</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX148">:rn</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX145">:s</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX152">:w[q]</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="findex_a">a</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX490">AddRats()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX494">Atomic()</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="findex_b">b</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX497">Bell()</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="findex_c">c</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX500">ChangeDrillSize()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX504">ChangeHole()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX507">ChangeName()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX511">ChangeOctagon()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX515">ChangeSize()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX519">ChangeSquare()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX523">Command()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX526">Connection()</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="findex_d">d</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX533">DeleteRats()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX537">Display()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX551">DRC()</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="findex_e">e</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX554">EditLayerGroups()</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="findex_l">l</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX557">Load()</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="findex_m">m</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX559">MarkCrosshair()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX562">Mode()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX565">MovePointer()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX568">MoveToCurrentLayer()</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="findex_n">n</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX571">New()</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="findex_p">p</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX574">PasteBuffer()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX581">Polygon()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX585">Print()</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="findex_q">q</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX588">Quit()</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="findex_r">r</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX591">Redo()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX594">RemoveSelected()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX597">Report()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX601">RouteStyle()</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="findex_s">s</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX604">Save()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX607">Select()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX610">SetValue()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX617">SwapSides()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX620">SwitchDrawingLayer()</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="findex_t">t</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX623">ToggleHideName()</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="findex_u">u</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX627">Undo()</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX630">Unselect()</A>
-</DIR>
-
-
-
-
-<H1><A NAME="SEC68" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC68">Index of Concepts</A></H1>
-<P>
-Jump to:
-<A HREF="#cindex_/">/</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_a">a</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_b">b</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_c">c</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_d">d</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_e">e</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_f">f</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_g">g</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_h">h</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_i">i</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_k">k</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_l">l</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_m">m</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_n">n</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_o">o</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_p">p</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_q">q</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_r">r</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_s">s</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_t">t</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_u">u</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_v">v</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_x">x</A>
--
-<A HREF="#cindex_z">z</A>
-<P>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_/">/</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX100">/tmp</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX257">/tmp</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX448">/tmp</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_a">a</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX27">about, command button</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX156">action command</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX485">actions</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX157">Actions, initiating</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX286">alignment</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX111">alignment targets</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX710">Alpha</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX10">arc</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX64">arc, an example</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX698">architecture</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX701">architecture</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX705">architecture</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX708">architecture</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX711">architecture</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX714">architecture</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX650">ASCII files, format of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX1">Atari version</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX496">atomic</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_b">b</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX97">backup</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX166">backup</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX253">backup</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX291">backup</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX444">backup</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX657">basic types</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX499">bell</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX293">bloat</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX87">buffer, an example</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX84">buffer, convert contents to element</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX44">buffer, popup menu</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX575">buffer, selecting a</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX488">button translations</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_c">c</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX327">cat</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX340">cat</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX442">cat</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX538">centering</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX21">change active layer</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX621">change drawing layer</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX509">change object name</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX611">change settings</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX501">change sizes</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX516">change sizes</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX520">change square flag</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX618">change viewing side</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX169">characters per line</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX296">characters per line</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX289">clipping lines to 45 degree</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX550">clipping lines to 45 degree</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX162">clipping of lines</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX584">closing a polygon</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX109">color printout</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX482">color, warning</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX300">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX303">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX307">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX354">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX357">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX361">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX392">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX396">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX470">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX481">colors</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX159">command-line options</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX675">compile, how to</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX676">config.h</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX639">connection, removing an</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX301">connections, colors</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX120">connections, creating list of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX46">connections, popup menu</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX529">connections, reseting</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX236">connections, reseting after element</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX426">connections, reseting after element</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX531">connections, searching for</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX18">control panel</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX648">copy an object</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX580">copying objects</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX90">copying, an example</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX275">copyright</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX56">creating objects</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX304">cursor color</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX567">cursor movements</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX561">cursor position</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX352">cursor steps</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX579">cutting objects</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_d">d</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX709">DEC</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX176">default font</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX342">default font</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX457">default layout size</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX377">default library</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX464">default text scaling</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX634">default translations</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX125">design rule checking</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX552">design rule checking</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX105">device, selecting an output</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX101">directory /tmp</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX258">directory /tmp</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX449">directory /tmp</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX461">display</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX29">display, popup menu</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX30">displaying element names</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX542">displaying element names</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX548">displaying pinout</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX16">displaying status information</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX117">DOS filenames</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX52">drawing objects</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX126">drc</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX294">drc</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX455">drc</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX553">drc</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX600">drill</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX503">drilling hole, changing of objects</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX614">drilling hole, setting of initial size</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX694">DVI format of manual</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_e">e</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX625">element name, hiding</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX626">element name, removing from silk-screen</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX74">element, an example</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX6">element, an overview</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX308">element, color</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX358">element, color</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX180">element, command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX310">element, command</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX82">element, creating a new package</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX31">element, display names of</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX543">element, display names of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX662">element, fileformat</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX181">element, files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX311">element, files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX319">element, files</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX136">element, loading to buffer</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX644">element, move name of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX130">entering user commands</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX54">erasing objects</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX76">example files</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX88">example of buffer handling</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX119">example of connection lists</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX92">example of copying</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX81">example of creating an element</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX75">example of element handling</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX63">example of line handling</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX96">example of loading</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX78">example of loading an element file</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX91">example of moving</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX86">example of pastebuffer handling</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX80">example of pin handling</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX66">example of polygon handling</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX104">example of printing</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX68">example of rectangle handling</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX95">example of saving</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX71">example of text handling</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX73">example of via handling</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX143">exit</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX590">exit</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_f">f</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX664">file format, element data</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX667">file format, font data</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX661">file format, layout data</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX673">file format, libraries</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX670">file format, library contents</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX649">file formats</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX658">file formats, basic types</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX187">file load command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX322">file load command</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX260">file save command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX437">file save command</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX28">file, popup menu</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX193">font command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX334">font command</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX665">font file, format of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX194">font files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX335">font files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX347">font files</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX4">font, an overview</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX399">font, used for pin names</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX663">format of element files</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX666">format of font files</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX660">format of layout files</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX672">format of libraries</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX669">format of library contents</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX717">FreeBSD</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_g">g</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX24">grid</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX284">grid</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX351">grid</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX355">grid color</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX33">grid, absolute and relative</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX544">grid, absolute and relative</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX32">grid, display</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX545">grid, display</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX613">grid, setting of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX202">groups</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX365">groups</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX556">groups, editing of</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_h">h</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX700">Hewlett Packard</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX624">hide element name</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX14">how to start</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX699">HP</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_i">i</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX692">info file</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX599">information about objects</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX17">input-field, position of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX247">inputfield, saving entered command-line</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX452">inputfield, saving entered command-line</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX525">inputfield, start user input</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX674">install, how to</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_k">k</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX487">key translations</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX241">keyboard bell</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX429">keyboard bell</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_l">l</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX622">layer, change active</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX367">layer, name of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX8">layers, an overview</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX20">layers, changing active one</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX362">layers, colors</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX555">layers, editing of groups</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX201">layers, groups</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX364">layers, groups</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX19">layers, switching on/off</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX188">layout files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX261">layout files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX323">layout files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX331">layout files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX438">layout files</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX659">layout files, format of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX147">layout files, saving of</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX154">layout files, saving of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX2">layout objects, an overview</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX268">layout size</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX458">layout, default size of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX133">layout, loading a</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX140">layout, loading to buffer</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX141">layout, merging a</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX586">layout, printing a</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX572">layout, start a new</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX7">layout-name</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX151">layout-name</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX228">length of a pin name</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX404">length of a pin name</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX170">length of outputline</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX211">library command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX369">library command</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX217">library contents command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX373">library contents command</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX668">library contents file, format of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX671">library file, format of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX206">library name</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX378">library name</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX209">library search path</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX382">library searchpath</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX51">library window</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX161">line clipping</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX297">linelength</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX62">lines, an example</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX9">lines, an overview</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX288">lines, clipping to 45 degree</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX549">lines, clipping to 45 degree</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX616">lines, setting of initial size</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX384">lines, size</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX715">Linux</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX298">list of connections</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX218">listing libraries</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX374">listing library contents</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX138">loading a layout to buffer</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX182">loading elements</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX212">loading elements</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX312">loading elements</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX320">loading elements</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX370">loading elements</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX135">loading elements to buffer</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX558">loading files</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX195">loading fonts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX336">loading fonts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX348">loading fonts</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX132">loading layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX189">loading layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX324">loading layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX332">loading layouts</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX196">loading symbols</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX337">loading symbols</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX349">loading symbols</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX93">loading, an example</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX49">log window</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX221">log window</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX417">log window</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX466">log window</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_m">m</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX315">m4</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX77">m4, preprocessing example files</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX695">make</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX678">Makefile</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX691">manuals</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX560">mark</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX388">media</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX389">media margin</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX114">media, size of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX25">menus</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX139">merging layouts</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX50">messages</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX222">messages</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX418">messages</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX467">messages</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX108">mirroring printout</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX22">mode selection</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX563">mode, selecting of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX506">mounting holes</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX433">move</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX647">move an object</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX570">moving objects to current layer</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX89">moving, an example</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_n">n</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX541">name of an element</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX508">name, change an objects</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX226">namelength of pins</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX402">namelength of pins</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX718">NetBSD</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX123">netlist</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX149">netlist</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX421">netlist</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX424">netlist</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX492">netlist</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX536">netlist</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_o">o</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX510">object, change name of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX61">object, changing the size of an</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX646">object, copy an</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX57">object, creating an</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX55">object, drawing and removing</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX645">object, move an</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX59">object, removing an</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX638">object, removing an</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX42">object, selecting an</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX569">objects, moving to current layer</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX36">objects, popup menu</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX514">octagonal pins and vias</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX393">off limit color</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX410">offset of pinnames</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX407">offset of pinout</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX115">offset of printout</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX704">OpenWindows</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX564">operation modes, selecting of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX110">outline printout</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX106">output device</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX171">outputline, length of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX128">overlap, minimum</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_p">p</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX85">pastebuffer, an example</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX83">pastebuffer, convert contents to element</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX45">pastebuffer, popup menu</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX576">pastebuffer, selecting a</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX318">path for element files</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX346">path for font files</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX330">path for layout files</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX381">path for libraries</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX713">PC UNIX</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX716">PC UNIX</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX719">PC UNIX</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX397">pin color</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX227">pin, name of</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX403">pin, name of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX37">pinout of elements</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX547">pinout, display of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX400">pinout, font to display pin names</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX230">pinout, zoomfactor of display</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX412">pinout, zoomfactor of display</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX79">pins, an example</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX512">pins, changing shape of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX566">pointer, moving of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX460">polygon</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX583">polygon point, go back to previous</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX65">polygon, an example</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX11">polygon, an overview</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX582">polygon, closing a</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX26">popping up menus</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX263">postprocessing layout data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX440">postprocessing layout data</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX183">preprocessing element data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX213">preprocessing element data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX313">preprocessing element data</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX197">preprocessing font data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX338">preprocessing font data</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX190">preprocessing layout data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX325">preprocessing layout data</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX99">preventing loss of data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX255">preventing loss of data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX446">preventing loss of data</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX118">print command</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX113">print media</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX390">print media</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX116">print offset</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX415">printing</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX587">printing a layout</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX103">printing, an example</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX696">problems</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_q">q</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX144">quit</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX589">quit</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_r">r</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX124">rat-line</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX493">rat-line</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX535">rat-line</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX122">rats nest</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX150">rats nest</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX420">rats nest</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX423">rats nest</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX491">rats nest</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX534">rats nest</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX593">recover</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX629">recover</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX67">rectangle, an example</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX592">redo</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX539">redrawing layout</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX540">refreshing layout</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX277">release, current</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX637">removing connections</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX53">removing objects</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX58">removing objects</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX636">removing objects</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX595">removing selected objects</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX598">report</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX48">report, popup menu</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX237">reseting found connections</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX427">reseting found connections</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX530">reseting found connections</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX281">resources</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX435">rotate</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX578">rotating a buffer</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX107">rotating printout</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX244">routing style</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX431">routing style</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX602">routing style</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX434">rubberband</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX546">rubberband</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_s">s</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX606">saving connections</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX605">saving files</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX532">saving found connections</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX246">saving last entered user command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX451">saving last entered user command</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX98">saving layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX146">saving layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX153">saving layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX254">saving layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX262">saving layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX439">saving layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX445">saving layouts</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX94">saving, an example</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX112">scaling a printout</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX527">scanning connections</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX712">SCO</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX640">scrolling</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX641">scrolling</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX528">searching connections</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX317">searchpath for element files</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX345">searchpath for font files</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX329">searchpath for layout files</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX380">searchpath for libraries</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX596">selected object, removing an</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX41">selected objects, changing size</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX40">selected objects, removing</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX577">selecting a buffer</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX23">selecting a new mode</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX43">selecting objects</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX609">selecting objects</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX608">selection</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX631">selection</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX121">selection, an example</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX39">selection, popup menu</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX707">SGI</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX454">shrink</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX498">signal</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX706">Silicon Graphics</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX267">size of a layout</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX385">size of lines</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX603">size of lines and vias</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX475">size of vias</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX502">sizes, changing of objects</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX517">sizes, changing of objects</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX35">sizes, popup menu</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX703">Solaris</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX127">spacing, minimum</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX271">speaker volume</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX478">speaker volume</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX521">square flag, changing of objects</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX524">start user input</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX573">starting a new layout</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX158">starting <CODE>Pcb</CODE></A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX15">status information</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX70">strings, an example</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX13">strings, an overview</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX702">Sun</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX177">symbols</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX343">symbols</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX3">symbols, an overview</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_t">t</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX102">temporary files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX256">temporary files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX447">temporary files</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX721">TeX, problems</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX693">texinfo file</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX69">text, an example</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX12">text, an overview</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX463">text, default scaling</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX38">text, editing</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX386">thickness of lines</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX60">thickness of objects</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX476">thickness of vias</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX518">thickness, changing of objects</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX522">thickness, changing of objects</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX486">translations</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX633">translations</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX697">troubleshooting</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_u">u</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX628">undo</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX495">undo, multi-action resources</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX47">undo, popup menu</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX184">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX191">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX198">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX214">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX219">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX264">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX314">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX326">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX339">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX371">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX375">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX441">unix command</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX632">unselect objects</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX129">user commands</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX642">user input</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX643">user input</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_v">v</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX278">version, current</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX72">vias, an example</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX5">vias, an overview</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX513">vias, changing shape of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX471">vias, color</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX505">vias, converting to mounting hole</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX615">vias, setting of initial size</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX474">vias, size</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX619">viewing side, changing of</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX272">volume of speaker</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX479">volume of speaker</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_x">x</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX280">X11</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX635">X11 default translations</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX282">X11 resources</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX489">X11 translations</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX720">X11, problems</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX677">xmkmf</A>
-</DIR>
-<H2><A NAME="cindex_z">z</A></H2>
-<DIR>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX484">zoom of drawing window</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX231">zoom of pinout window</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX413">zoom of pinout window</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX34">zoom, setting</A>
-<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX612">zoom, setting of</A>
-</DIR>
-
-
-<P><HR><P>
-This document was generated on 31 August 2000 using
-<A HREF="http://wwwinfo.cern.ch/dis/texi2html/">texi2html</A>&nbsp;1.56k.
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
diff --git a/cad/pcb/files/pcb.info b/cad/pcb/files/pcb.info
deleted file mode 100644
index d206463fd1e..00000000000
--- a/cad/pcb/files/pcb.info
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4125 +0,0 @@
-This is Info file pcb.info, produced by Makeinfo version 1.68 from the
-input file pcb.texi.
-
-INFO-DIR-SECTION PCB Layout Tool
-START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-* Pcb: (pcb). PCB Layout Tool.
-END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-
- This file documents how to use Pcb, the interactive printed circuit
-board layout system for `X11'.
-
- Copyright (C) 1994,1995,1996 Thomas Nau
-
- This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify
-it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
-your option) any later version.
-
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
-WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-MERCHANT-ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
-General Public License for more details.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Top, Next: Copying, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir)
-
-Pcb
-***
-
- This document is a manual for `Pcb', the interactive printed circuit
-board layout system for `X11'.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Copying:: `Pcb' is freely redistributable!
-* History:: How it all began.
-* Intro:: A short description of the basic objects.
-* Getting Started:: Introduction to `Pcb'.
-* User Commands:: User commands of `Pcb'.
-* Command-Line Options:: Calling `Pcb' from a shell.
-* X11 Interface:: Action routines, resources and default translation.
-* File Formats:: Description of `ASCII' files used by `Pcb'.
-* Installation:: Compiling, installing and troubleshooting.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Copying, Next: History, Prev: Top, Up: Top
-
-Copying
-*******
-
- Copyright (C) 1994,1995,1996,1997 Thomas Nau
-
- This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify
-it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
-your option) any later version.
-
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
-WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-MERCHANT-ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
-General Public License for more details.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: History, Next: Intro, Prev: Copying, Up: Top
-
-History
-*******
-
- `Pcb' is a handy tool for laying out printed circuit boards. It was
-first written for an Atari ST in 1990 and ported to `UNIX' and `X11' in
-1994. I never had the intention to create another professional layout
-system, but to write a tool which supports people like you who do some
-home-developing of hardware. For this reason it has no auto-router nor
-auto-placement code.
-
- The second release 1.2 included menus for the first time. This made
-`PCB' easier to use and thus a more important tool.
-
- Release 1.3 introduced undo for highly-destructive commands, more
-straightforward action handling and scalable fonts. Layer-groups were
-introduced to group signal-layers together.
-
- Release 1.4 provided support for add-on device drivers. Two layers
-(the solder and the component side) were added to support SMD elements.
-The handling of libraries was also improved in 1.4.1. Support for
-additional devices like GERBER plotters started in 1.4.4. The undo
-feature was expanded and the redo-feature added in 1.4.5.
-
- Release 1.5 provides support for rats-nest generation from simple net
-lists. It also allows for automatic clearances around pins that pierce
-a polygon. A variety of other enhancments including a Gerber RS274X
-driver and NC drill file generation have also been added. harry eaton
-(haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu) was responsible for most of the changes
-found in this release.
-
- Release 1.6 provides automatic screen updates of changed regions.
-This should elliminate most of the need for the redraw (r) key. Also
-some changes to what order items under the cursor are selected were
-made for better consistancy - it is no longer possible to accidentally
-move a line or line point that is completely obscured by a polygon
-laying over top of it. Larger objects on the upper most layers can be
-selected ahead of smaller objects on lower layers. These changes make
-operations more intuitive. A new mode of line creation was added that
-creates two line on 45 degree angles with a single click. The actual
-outline of the prospective line(s) are now shown during line creation.
-An arc creation mode was added. Drawn arcs are quarter circles and can
-be useful for high frequency controlled impedance lines. (You can have
-eighth circle arc if the source is compiled with -DARC45, but be aware
-that the ends of such arcs can never intersect a grid point). Two new
-flags for pins and vias were created - one indicates that the pin or
-via is purely a drill hole and has no copper annulus. You can only
-toggle this flag for vias - for elements, it must be an integral part
-of the element definition. The other flag controls whether the pad
-will be round or octagonal. There is also now a feature for converting
-the contents of a buffer into an element. Vias become the pins (or
-mounting holes), lines and arcs on the solder layer become silkscreen,
-and lines on the component layer become the pads. Action commands
-entered via the colon command entry are no longer proceeded with "a ",
-just type the command directly. Several bugs have also been fixed. New
-ones were probably introduced since extensive changes were made. harry
-eaton was responsible for these changes.
-
- Release 1.6.1 adds the ability to make groups of action commands
-bound to a single X11 event to be undone by a single undo. Also a
-simple design rule checker was added - it checks for minimum spacing
-and overlap rules. Plus many fixes for bugs introduced with the many
-changes of 1.6 harry is responsible for these changes too.
-
- Special thanks goes to:
- Bernhard Daeubler (Bernhard.Daeubler@physik.uni-ulm.de)
- Harald Daeubler (Harald.Daeubler@physik.uni-ulm.de)
- Roland Merk (merk@faw.uni-ulm.de)
- Erland Unruh (Erland.Unruh@malmo.trab.se)
- Albert John FitzPatrick III (ajf_nylorac@acm.org)
- Boerge Strand (borges@ifi.uio.no)
- harry eaton (haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu)
- Andre M. Hedrick (hedrick@Astro.Dyer.Vanderbilt.Edu)
-
- who did most of the alpha and beta testing, helped to port `PCB' to
- several operating systems and platforms and corrected several typos
-in the manuals. In addition to these, many others donated time for
-bug-fixing and other important work. Some of them can be identified in
-the source code files. Thanks to all of them.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Intro, Next: Getting Started, Prev: History, Up: Top
-
-Introduction
-************
-
- Each layout consists of several, mostly independent, objects. This
-chapter gives an overview of the object types and their relationship to
-each other. For a complete description of how to use `Pcb', refer to
-*Note Getting Started::. The layout is generated on-screen on a grid
-that has its origin in the upper left corner of the screen. The x
-coordinate increases to the right, y increases down to the bottom. All
-distances and sizes in `Pcb' are measured in mils (0.001 inch). One
-unit on the display grid is one mil in distance on the board. The
-sections in this chapter are sorted by the order of appearance of the
-objects within a layout file.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Symbol Objects:: Information about fonts and symbols.
-* Via Objects:: Vias and pins connect layers.
-* Element Objects:: Element, the basic type of circuits.
-* Layer Objects:: A `container' for lines, text...
-* Line Objects::
-* Arc Objects::
-* Polygon Objects::
-* Text Objects:: Objects to add symbols to your board.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Symbol Objects, Next: Via Objects, Up: Intro
-
-Symbols
-=======
-
- The top object is the layout itself. It uses a set of symbols that
-resides at the first logical level. Each symbol is uniquely identified
-by a seven bit `ASCII' code. All layout objects share the same set of
-symbols. These symbols are used to form text objects on the silkscreen
-and copper layers. Undefined symbols are drawn as filled rectangles.
-
- Every font file is preprocessed by a user-defined command when it is
-loaded. For details see `fontCommand', *Note Resources::.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Via Objects, Next: Element Objects, Prev: Symbol Objects, Up: Intro
-
-Vias
-====
-
- Vias are identical to the pins used by elements except that they can
-be added or removed individually. The purpose of vias is to provide
-connections between different layers. Don't use vias for adding
-elements to the layout, even if that seems easier than creating a new
-element. Vias are useful for defining arbitrary drill points such as
-those used for mounting a board. You can assign a name to a via even
-though you probably won't ever want to. Vias reside at the first
-logical level; therefore, each via exists on all layers. (*i.e.* blind
-vias are not supported)
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Element Objects, Next: Layer Objects, Prev: Via Objects, Up: Intro
-
-Elements
-========
-
- Elements represent the components on a board. Elements are loaded
-from `ASCII' coded files in a similar manner to the layout file itself.
-They are composed of lines and arcs on the silk-screen layer (used to
-define the package outline) , pins (or pads for SMD) and three labels
-that define the description, the element's layout-name (which also
-appears on the silk- screen layer) and its value. Element pins are
-contained on the first logical level and so reside on all layers. A
-mark is used to position the element with respect to the cursor
-cross-hair during pasting. SMD elements use pads instead of pins.
-Pads are handled similarly to lines on a layer but they must be oriented
-either vertically or horizontally. Pads can have either rounded or
-square ends. All parts of an element are treated as one unit. It is
-not possible to delete a single pin or break an element into pieces on
-the layout. You can resize separate pieces of an element, but doing so
-is usually a bad idea.
-
- Elements are supported by several special layers: *silk*,
-*pins/pads* and *far-side*. The *silk* layer shows the package outline
-and also holds legend text and element names. The *pins/pads* layer is
-used to toggle whether the element's pins and pads are displayed. The
-*far-side* layer controls visibility of objects (silkscreen and pads)
-that are on the far (*i.e.* not currently viewed) side of the board.
-
- Every element file is preprocessed by a user-defined command when
-the file is read. For details see `elementCommand', *Note Resources::.
-`m4', the default value of `elementCommand', allows you to create
-libraries for package definitions that are shared by all elements. The
-element libraries distributed with `Pcb' expect `m4' or an equivalent
-to be the *elementCommand*.
-
- `Pcb' can create a list of all connections from one (or all)
-elements to the others or a list of unconnected pins. It can also
-verify the layout connections against a netlist file. The element's
-`layout-name' is the name used to identify an element in a netlist file.
-The pin numbering for an element is defined by unique strings assigned
-to each pin. In addition to the "pin number" string, each pin has a
-"name" which describes its function. Previously element pin number was
-established by the order of appearance of the pin definitions in the
-layout or element file. Since the "number" strings for each pin are a
-new feature, if they are absent then the numbering is again established
-by the order of pin appearance in the file. In other words, the first
-pin appearing in the file is pin one, the next pin is pin two and so on.
-Usually the names assigned to pins are simply numbers, but they don't
-have to be. It is only necessary that the "number" string for the pin
-matches exactly the "number" string in the netlist file. Be aware that
-a few of the library parts may still be incorrectly implemented
-regarding pin-numbering. All of the DIL (Dual- Inline-Pins) parts are
-correct and most of the others are too, but you should verify the pin
-numbering of any non-DIL part (use the *Report Menu* to see what `Pcb'
-thinks a pin's number is) before using the rats nest feature with a
-library part. Hopefully sometime soon someone will volunteer to
-cross-check all of the element libraries and make fixes available as
-necessary. `Pcb' can also check a layout to see that it meets minimum
-spacing and overlap rules.
-
- You can make your own quick-and-dirty element definitions
-graphically now. Simply draw vias for the pins and lines and arcs on a
-solder layer for the silkscreen outline. You should name each via with
-the pin number. If you want to create a SMD device, draw lines for the
-pads on a component side layer (You must draw these in pin number order
-since lines can't be named). They must be either horizontal or vertical
-or they will not be recognized as pads. Once you are happy with the
-geometry, select everything that is to become part of the element, then
-choose "cut to buffer" from the menu. Now select "convert buffer to
-element" from the menu. Viola'! Afterwards you can make pin one
-square (or pads) if you like, and give the element its various names.
-Note that the element mark corresponds to the cut position when
-everything was put into the buffer. If the vias are not named, then the
-pin numbering will correspond to the order in which the vias were
-placed.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Layer Objects, Next: Line Objects, Prev: Element Objects, Up: Intro
-
-Layers
-======
-
- Every layout consists of several layers that can be used
-independently or treated as a group. Layer groups can be used to
-logically separate (and color-code) different traces (*e.g.* power and
-signal); however, all layers within a group reside on the same physical
-copper layer of a board, so using different layers within the same
-group won't provide electrical separation where they touch or overlap.
-For details, see `layerGroups', *Note Resources::. Each layer is drawn
-in a color defined in the resource file (for details see `layerColor',
-*Note Resources::) and identified by a name that you can change.
-Layers are really just containers for line, polygon, and text objects.
-The component and solder layers contain SMD elements as well, but the
-file structure doesn't reflect that fact directly. Each layer group
-represents a physical layer on the printed circuit board. If you want
-to make a four layer board, you'll need to have four layer groups.
-Connections between layer groups are established only through element
-pins and vias. The relationship between a specific layer and the board
-itself is configureable from the `Edit layer groups' option in the
-`Objects' menu. The layer groups corresponding to the physical layers
-*component-side* and *solder-side* are always defined, and you must map
-at least one logical layer to each. Of course, you are not obligated
-to put tracks on either of them. SMD-elements always reside on either
-the component-side or the solder-side layer group. You can swap which
-side of the board you are viewing by pressing *<Key>Tab*. You can
-decide which layer group will be the solder side and which will be the
-component side. The layers groups just have a name or number
-associated with them - where they are sandwiched in the board is left
-to the manufacturing processes.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Line Objects, Next: Arc Objects, Prev: Layer Objects, Up: Intro
-
-Lines
-=====
-
- Lines are used to draw tracks on the pc board. When in the line
-mode, each *<Btn1>* press establishes one end of a line. Once the
-second point is defined, the line is drawn and a new line started where
-the first one ended. You can abondon the new starting point in favor
-of another by pressing *Ctrl<Btn1>*. The undo function (*<Key>u*) will
-take you back point by point if you use it while in the line mode. New
-lines can be restricted to 45 degree angles if desired. You can toggle
-this restriction on and off while creating lines by pressing *<Key>.*
-(that is the *period* key). If the 45 degree restriction is turned on,
-then the *<Key>/* can be used to cylce through three different modes of
-45 degree line creation. One mode just creates a single line forced to
-the nearest 45 degree vector. The next mode creates two lines from the
-start to end points such that the first line leaves the start point at
-a 90 degree vector, and the second line enters the end point on a 45
-degree vector. The next mode creates two lines such that the first line
-leaves the start point on a 45 degree vector and arrives at the end
-point on a 90 degree vector. You can temporarily swap between the last
-two modes by holding the shift key down. It is simple to edit a line
-type object by breaking it into pieces (insert point mode), moving an
-end point (or the whole line) (*<Btn2Down><drag><Btn2Up>*), or changing
-the layer it resides on (*<Key>m* moves the line under the pointer to
-the active layer). In the case when two line segments meet at exactly
-the same point you can delete the intermediate point, otherwise the
-delete mode removes an entire line. Feel free to experiment since
-`Pcb' will allow you to undo anything that materially affects your work.
-If you switch active layers in the midst of placing lines a via will
-automatically be placed, when necessary, in order to continue the
-connection.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Arc Objects, Next: Polygon Objects, Prev: Line Objects, Up: Into
-
-Arcs
-====
-
- With version 1.6 it is possible to draw copper arcs. The arcs are
-restricted to be quarter circles. This means they always bend a right
-angle. They are very similar to lines otherwise. They are created on
-the current layer and have the same thickness that new lines will have.
-The various clicks for creating lines work pretty much the same way
-for creating arcs. The start point for the arc is at the first *<Btn1>*
-position. In order to make the arc curve in the direction desired,
-drag the mouse along the tangent line from the starting position
-towards the end position. If the grid is too coarse, it may not be
-possible to distinguish whether you've moved over then up, or up then
-over, so if you can't seem to make the arc go the direction you want,
-you should decrease the grid spacing. Alternatively you could drawn
-the wrong arc, then rotate and move it where you want. Like the line
-tool, after an arc is drawn a new starting point is established at the
-end point. Whenever a start point is established by either the line or
-arc tools it will be retained if you switch directly between the tools
-(e.g. *<Key>F2* for Lines, *<Key>F8* for Arcs. Of course connection
-searches, undo and all the other features you'd expect work with arcs
-now.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Polygon Objects, Next: Text Objects, Prev: Arc Objects, Up: Intro
-
-Polygons
-========
-
- Sometimes it's useful to fill large areas with solid copper. The
-way to do this is with polygons. Polygons can be created in either the
-polygon mode or the rectangle mode. In the polygon mode, you'll have
-to define each corner of the polygon with a mouse click (*<Btn1>*).
-When the last point is clicked exactly on top of the starting point,
-the polygon is finished. Since this can be hard to do, the
-*Shift<Key>p* will enter the final point for you, closing the polygon.
-If the 45 degree angle restriction is turned on and you try to close
-the polygon when it is not possible, you'll get a warning instead. If
-you haven't finished entering a polygon, but want to undo one (or more)
-of the points that you've already defined, use the undo command
-(*<Key>u*). With the rectangle tool, defining the two opposite corners
-is sufficient, but of course the resulting polygon is a rectangle.
-Like lines, a polygon can by edited by deleting, inserting and moving
-the points that define it. `Pcb' is capable of handling complex
-polygons, but using a number of simpler ones improves performance of
-the connection tracing code.
-
- A new feature in version 1.5 of `Pcb' automatically creates clearance
-regions around pins and vias that pierce a polygon. This means that they
-aren't electrically connected to the polygon unless you add "thermals"
-to cross the clearance region. Thermals can be added and removed by
-selecting the thermal mode and clicking *<Btn1>* on the pin or via.
-Remember that this only creates connections to the polygon on the
-active layer. The great advantage to this new polygon behavior is that
-simple or complex ground and/or power planes can be easily made with
-polygons and seen on the screen. If you don't want this auto-clearance
-behavior, or you load a layout created by an earlier version of `Pcb',
-the old behavior (shorts to all piercing pins and vias) is available.
-A `ChangeSize' operation (*<Key>s*) toggles a polygon between the new
-and old polygon/pin behavior.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Text Objects, Prev: Polygon Objects, Up: Intro
-
-Text
-====
-
- Text objects should be used to label a layout or to put additional
-information on the board, but not to identify elements because elements
-have their own labels. Text is always horizontal when first created,
-but the rotate mode can align it along 0, 90, 180 and 270 degree angles.
-Text can be moved from any layer to the silk-screen layer with a
-command in the `selection menu'. Text that is moved to the silk-screen
-layer will appear on the solder-side silk-screen if it originating on a
-solder-side layer. Otherwise moving it to the silk-screen layer will
-put it on the component-side silk-screen. To move text back to a
-copper layer from the silk-screen, use the `MoveToCurrentLayer'
-(*<Key>m*) command. Text on the far side of the board will
-automatically appear mirror-imaged.
-
- TEXT OBJECTS ON A COPPER LAYER CREATE COPPER LINES BUT THEY ARE NOT
-SCANNED FOR CONNECTIONS OR TESTED FOR CREATING SHORTS VS. THE NETLIST.
-NEITHER ARE TEXT OBJECTS TESTED AGAINST ANY DESIGN RULES.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Getting Started, Next: User Commands, Prev: Intro, Up: Top
-
-Getting Started
-***************
-
- The goal of this chapter is to give you enough information to learn
-how `Pcb' works and how to develop your layouts to make the best use of
-`Pcb''s features. All event translations (*i.e.* the buttons and keys
-you press) refer to the default application resource file shipped with
-`Pcb'. There is probably no need to change them unless your window
-manager uses some of the button events itself; however, if you *want*
-to customize the behavior of `Pcb' then changing the resource file is
-usually the best way to do it.
-
- Get yourself a printout of this chapter and *User Commands*, if you
-haven't already done so, and follow the examples. An example layout
-may be found in `example/68HC11'. An example illustrating some version
-1.5 features is found in `example/LED' along with its corresponding
-netlist file `example/LED.NET'.
-
- Start `Pcb' (the actual command will use all lower-case letters)
-without any additional options. If you get the error message:
-
- can't find default font-symbol-file 'default_font'
-
- then the font searchpath or filename in the application resource
- file is wrong. Be sure that your `m4' program supports searchpaths.
-If not, get `GNU m4'. For other messages, see *Note problems::.
-Another quick-start is provided by `pcbtest.sh' in the `src' directory.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Application Window:: The elements of the main window.
-* Log Window:: The optional logging window
-* Library Window:: The circuit selection window
-* Drawing and Removing::
-* Moving and Copying::
-* Loading and Saving::
-* Printing::
-* Connection Lists:: How to get a list of all or some connections.
-* Selection:: Commands which handle more than one object.
-* Rats Nest:: Helps you place and route tracks against a netlist.
-* Design Rule Checking::
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Application Window, Next: Log Window, Up: Getting Started
-
-The Application Window
-======================
-
- The main window consists of five areas: the menu at the top, the
-control panel in the upper left corner, the mode buttons located below
-the control panel, the drawing area to the right of these, and the
-status line at the bottom of the window.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Status-line and Input-field:: What is the program configuration.
-* Control Panel:: Switch layers on/off; change current one.
-* Mode Selectors:: Select an operation mode.
-* Drawing Area:: Where the layout is drawn.
-* Menu::
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Status-line and Input-field, Next: Control Panel, Up: Application Window
-
-The Status-line and Input-field
--------------------------------
-
- The status-line is located at the bottom edge of the main window.
-During normal operation the status information is visible there. When
-a selected menu operation requires an additional button click, the
-status-line is replaced by a message telling you to position the cursor
-and click. When a text input is required, the status-line is replaced
-by the Input-field which has a prompt for the typed input.
-
- The status-line shows, from left to right, the side of the board
-that you are viewing (*<Key>Tab* changes this), if an absolute (abs) or
-relative (rel) grid is used, if new lines are restricted to 45 degrees,
-which type of 45 degree line mode is active, whether rubberband move and
-rotate mode is on (R), the current grid values, and the zoom factor.
-This information is followed by the line-width, via-size and drilling
-hole in mil, text scaling, the active buffer number and the name of the
-layout. An asterisk appearing at the left edge indicates the layout has
-been modified since the last save. Note that the name of the layout is
-not the same thing as the filename of the layout.
-
- The input-field pops up (temporarily replacing the status-line)
-whenever user input is required. Two keys are bound to the input field:
-*<Key>Escape* aborts the input, *<Key>Return* finishes it.
-
- The present cursor position is displayed in the upper right corner
-of the window. Normally this position is an absolute coordinate, but
-with version 1.5 of `Pcb' you can anchor a marker at the current cursor
-location by pressing *Ctrl<Key>m* then the display will read both the
-absolute cursor position as well as the difference between it and the
-marker. Pressing *Ctrl<Key>m* again turns the marker off.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Control Panel, Next: Mode Selectors, Prev: Status-line and Input-field, Up: Application Window
-
-The Control Panel
------------------
-
- The control panel, located at the left side of the window, is used
-to turn on and off the display of layer groups and to select the active
-drawing layer. If a layer hasn't been named, the label "*(unknown)*"
-is used as the defualt.
-
- The upper control box is used to switch layers on and off. Click
-*<Btn1Down>* on one or more of them. Each click toggles the setting.
-The currently active layer can't be switched off. The layout is
-refreshed when the pointer reenters the drawing area. This prevents
-excessive redrawing when the visibility of several layers is changed.
-When the layers are grouped, clicking on these fields will toggle the
-visibility of all layers in the same group. This is a good idea because
-layers in the same group reside on the same physical layer of the
-actual board. Use the `Edit layer groups' option in the `Objects' menu
-to change the layer groupings. Grouping layers is only useful for
-helping you to color-code signals in your layout. Note that grouping
-layers actually reduces the number of different physical layers
-available for your board, thus to make an eight layer board, you cannot
-group any layers.
-
- *far side* turns on and off the visibility of elements (including
-SMD pads) on the opposite board side, as well as silk screening on that
-side. It does not automatically hide the x-ray view of the other copper
-layers, these must be turned off separately if desired. Use the *tab*
-key to view the entire board from the other side. To see a view of
-what the back side of the board will actually look like, make the
-solder layer the active layer then press *tab* until the status line
-says "solder" on the right, then turn off the visibility of all other
-layers except pins/pads, vias, and silk.
-
- The lower control menu, named *active*, is used to change the active
-drawing layer. *<Btn1Down>* pops up a menu to select a one. Each entry
-is labeled with the layer's name and drawn in its color. The new
-drawing layer is automatically made visible. Try changing the active
-layer's name to *ABC* by selecting `set name of layer' from the `File'
-menu. Changing the active layer also is available with *<Key>1..8*.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Mode Selectors, Next: Drawing Area, Prev: Control Panel, Up: Application Window
-
-The Mode Selectors
-------------------
-
- The mode selector buttons reside below the control panel. They are
-used to select the operation mode of `Pcb'. A mode can be thought of as
-a tool that gets used when *<Btn1>* is pressed. Each mode causes the
-cursor to take on a unique shape that identifies the tool. The buttons
-themselves are icons that illustrate their function. The drawing modes
-can also be selected from the keyboard:
- *<Key>Escape* reset mode
- *<Key>F1* via-mode
- *<Key>F2* line-mode
- *<Key>F3* pastebuffer-mode
- *<Key>F4* rectangle-mode
- *<Key>F5* text-mode
- *<Key>F6* polygon-mode
- *<Key>Insert* insert-point-mode
- *<Key>F7* thermal-mode
- *<Key>F8* arc-mode
- The *<Key>Space* cycles through all of the modes in the mode button
-palette.
-
- Reset-mode is really no mode, and *<Btn1>* has no effect with this
-setting. Some of the modes are very simple, such as the via-mode.
-Clicking *<Btn1>* while in this mode creates a via at the cross-hair
-position. The pastebuffer-mode is similar. With this mode, *<Btn1>*
-copies the contents of the active buffer to the layout, but only those
-parts that reside on visible layers are copied. The rotate-mode allows
-you to rotate elements and text objects 90 degrees counter-clockwise
-with each click. The line-mode is explained in detail in *Note Line
-Objects::. The arc-mode is explained in detainl in *Note Arc Objects::.
-Rectangle-mode, polygon-mode and thermal-mode are explained in detail in
-*Note Polygon Objects::. Remember that the thermal-mode will only
-create and destroy thermals to polygons on the active layer.
-
- The insert-point-mode is an editing tool that allows you to add
-points into lines or polygons. With version 1.5 of `Pcb', the
-insert-point-mode enforces the 45 degree line rule. You can force only
-the shorter line segment to 45 degrees by holding the shift key down
-while inserting the point. The delete-mode deletes the smallest object
-beneath the cursor with each *<Btn1>* click. If you use click at an
-end-point that two lines have in common, it will replace the two lines
-with a single line spanning the two remaining points. This can be used
-to delete an "inserted" point in a line, restoring the previous line.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Drawing Area, Next: Menu, Prev: Mode Selectors, Up: Application Window
-
-Drawing Area
-------------
-
- The drawing area is made from a viewport widget that also includes
-two scrollbars. The cursor changes shape depending on the current
-operation mode when the pointer is moved into the drawing area. A
-crosshair follows the X11 pointer with respect to the grid setting.
-Move around and watch the cursor position displayed in the upper right
-of the window. Now select a new grid from the *Display* menu. The new
-value is updated in the statusline. Now move again and watch the
-difference. A different way to change the grid is *Shift<Key>g* to
-decrease or *<Key>g* to increase it. The grid setting is saved along
-with the data when you save a pcb layout. For homemade layouts a value
-around 50 is a good setting. The cursor also may be moved with the
-cursor keys or, for larger distances, by pressing the *shift* modifier
-together with a cursor key.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Menu, Prev: Drawing Area, Up: Application Window
-
-Menu
-----
-
- The menus are located at the top of the drawing area. Most, but not
-all, of their functions are also available from the keyboard. Some of
-the entries such as *center* require a certain cursor position. In
-this case a statusline will popup at the bottom with wording similar to
-the following:
- move pointer to the appropriate screen position and press a button
- Any mouse button will do the job, whereas any key except the cursor
-keys will cancel the operation. For details see *Note Actions::.
-
-`About'
- There is no menu hiding behind this button, but a small
- information box will pop up.
-
-`File'
- This menu offers a choice of loading, saving and printing data,
- saving connection information to a file or quitting the
- application. You also may change the layout's or the active
- layer's name. Selecting *print layout* pops up a printer control
- dialog which is, hopefully, self explaining. This box contains a
- panner widget (only `X11R5' and later) which simplifies adjusting
- the offsets. With earlier releases the printout will always appear
- in the upper left corner with respect to the media margins.
-
- A selection of several device drivers is available from the
- printer control dialog. Presently *PostScript*, *encapsulated
- PostScript*, and *GerberX* are supported. *GerberD* support may be
- forthcoming. It requires a rastering engine that pcb presently
- lacks.
-
-`Display'
- The display menu supports the most needed functions related to
- screen output. The entries are used to change the grid to some
- popular values, the zoom factor, the displayed element name and
- also are used to center or refresh the output. You also may
- switch grid-displaying on or off and select between absolute grid
- (origin at (0,0)) or relative grid (origin at the position where
- the grid has been changed). The relative grid position is now
- established at the actual pointer position, NOT necessarily the
- same as the crosshair position. This allows you to shift the grid
- without changing the grid spacing. I recommend that you zoom in
- as close as possible before setting a relative grid so that you're
- sure the grid lines fall where you want. The clipping to
- 45-degree lines is selected in this menu, as well as enabling
- rubberband mode (see description of *Mode*).
-
-`Sizes'
- This menu allows you to select a group of line thickness, via
- diameter and via drill size (collectively called a "routing
- style") to be coppied to the "active" sizes. You can also change
- the names given to these styles and adjust their values from this
- menu. You can also edit the "active" sizes (the initial size of
- new vias, drilling holes, lines, text-objects and the current
- maximum size of the layout) from this menu.
-
-`Objects'
- Displaying the pinout of an element and changing its names, the one
- that is currently selected by the *Display* menu, as well as
- editing a text object is offered by this menu. The latter two
- selections require an additional pointer button click at the
- object's position. A dialog for changing the layer groupings is
- also reached from this menu.
-
-`Selection'
- This menu covers most of the operations that work with selected
- objects. You may either (un)select all visible objects of a
- layout or only the ones which have been found by the last
- connection scan. The mouse can also be used to change which things
- are and are not selected: toggle the selection of a single object
- by pressing *<Btn3Down>* and releasing without moving the mouse.
- Pressing *Mod1<Btn3Down>*, moving and releasing the button selects
- all visible objects inside the rectangle. Pressing the modifier
- key *Shift* too, unselects all objects in the area. You can delete
- all selected objects from this menu, and also move selected text
- objects to the silk-screen layer. The other entries change the
- sizes of visible and selected objects.
-
-`Buffer'
- This menu handles pastebuffer related actions. You may select one
- out of five (per viewing side) buffers to use, rotate or clear its
- contents and paste it to the layout. You can also gather objects
- in the buffer into an element definition from this menu. Note:
- only visible objects are pasted to the layout.
-
-`Connections'
- The entries available through the connections menu button allow
- the user to find connections from pins or vias and to manipulate
- these. The connection lists may be saved by selecting entries
- from the *File* menu. In many cases it is desireable to use the
- ratsnest function to check connections against a netlist file
- instead of using the connections menu to generate text connection
- lists.
-
-`Undo'
- This menu is a frontend for managing the reversing of operations
- such as remove, copy, move, name changes, etc. The number of
- operations is unlimited (depending on memory). The list is cleared
- if new layout data is loaded or by selecting the appropriate entry
- from this menu. The inverse operation, redo, is also available.
-
-`Report'
- This menu allows you to generate a dialog that summerizes
- information about an object such as sizes and coordinates. You can
- also get a report about all of the drills that are used on the
- board.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Log Window, Next: Library Window, Prev: Application Window, Up: Getting Started
-
-Log Window
-==========
-
- This optional window is used to display all kind of messages
-including the ones written to *stderr* by external commands. The main
-advantage is that its contents are saved in a scrolling list until the
-program exits. Disabling this feature by setting the resource
-*useLogWindow* to *false* will generate popup windows to display
-messages. The *stderr* of external commands will appear on `Pcb's
-*stderr* which normally is the parent shell. I suggest you iconify the
-window after startup for example by setting **log.iconic* to *true*. If
-*raiseLogWindow* is set *true*, the window will deiconify and raise
-itself whenever new messages are to be displayed.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Library Window, Next: Drawing and Removing, Prev: Log Window, Up: Getting Started
-
-Library Window
-==============
-
- First appearing in 1.4.1 the library window is one of the best new
-features in my opinion. It simplifies loading circuits quiet a lot just
-by selecting the appropriate type from the menu at the top. A circuit
-is then selected by simply double-clicking on the text line. For
-details on libraries check-out *Note Library File:: and *Note Library
-Contents File::.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Drawing and Removing, Next: Moving and Copying, Prev: Library Window, Up: Getting Started
-
-Drawing and Removing Basic Objects
-==================================
-
- There are several ways of creating new objects: you may draw them
-yourself, you may copy an existing object or you may load an element
-from a file or library. Creating new objects is normally related to a
-special mode depending on the object type. The notation of key and
-button events is the same as described in the X11 Intrinsics manual.
-
- The operation mode may be selected by one of the mode selectors in
-the bottom left corner, by one of the function keys listed earlier in
-this chapter, or by pressing the space bar to cycle through the modes.
-*<Btn1Down>* sends a notify request to the application which responds
-by creating or changing the appropriate object or at least takes the
-first step to do so. Switching to a mode causes the cursor to take on a
-unique shape and also causes the cooresponding mode selector button to
-be drawn with thick lines. You can use either cue to see which mode is
-currently selected.
-
- Removing objects is possible using *<Key>BackSpace* (or *<Key>Delete*
-on some machines) which deletes the object at the cursor location. If
-more than one object is located at the same position, the smallest
-matching type will be chosen. If two or more of the same type are the
-smallest at the position, then the newest one will be deleted. You
-also may change to *remove-mode* and click *<Btn1Down>* at the location
-of the objects which are to be removed. If you "remove" the end-point
-where two lines connect, it will remove the point of connection leaving
-a single line that spans the far end points.
-
- Rotating works in a similar fashion. Change the mode and press
-*<Btn1Down>* at the object's location. Remember only text, elements and
-arcs can be rotated. (Anything including groups of objects may be
-rotated inside a buffer using the rotate buffer menu option.)
-
- Insert mode provides the capability of inserting new points into
-existing polygons or lines. The 45 degree line clipping is now enforced
-when selected. Press and hold the shift key while positioning the new
-point to only clip the line segment to the nearer of the two existing
-points to 45 degrees. You can also toggle the 45-degree clipping in
-the middle of a point insertion by pressing the *<Key>.* If the shift
-key is not depressed and the 45 degree line clipping mode is on, both
-new line segments must be on 45 degree angles - greatly restricting
-where the new point may be placed. In some cases this can cause
-confusion as to whether an insertion has been started since the two new
-lines may be forced to lie parallel on top of the original line until
-the pointer is moved far from the end points.
-
- Removing objects, changing their size or moving them only applies to
-objects that are visible when the command is executed.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Common:: Keystrokes common to some objects.
-* Lines::
-* Arcs::
-* Polygons:: Drawing polygons and rectangles.
-* Text::
-* Vias::
-* Elements::
-* Pastebuffer:: A multi-purpose buffer.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Common, Next: Lines, Up: Drawing and Removing
-
- There are several keystrokes and button events refering to an
-*object* without identifying its type. Here's a list of them:
-
- *<Btn1Down>* creates (or deletes) an object depending on the
-current mode.
-
- *<Key>BackSpace* or *<Key>Delete* removes the visible object at the
-cursor location. When more than one object exists at the location, the
-order of removal is: via, line, text, polygon and element. The drawn
-layer order also affects the search - whatever is top - most (except
-elements) is affected before lower items. Basically all this means
-that what is removed is probably just what you expect. If for some
-reason it isn't, undo and try again. Only one object is removed for
-each keystroke. If two or more of the same type match, the newest one
-is removed.
-
- Use *<Key>s* and *Shift<Key>s* to change the size (width) of lines,
-arcs, text objects, pins, pads and vias, or to toggle the style of
-polygons (whether pins and vias automatically have clearances).
-
- *<Key>n* changes the name of pins, pads, vias, the string of a text
-object, or the currently displayed label of an element.
-
- *<Key>m* moves the line, arc, or polygon under the crosshair to the
-active layer if it wasn't on that layer already.
-
- *<Key>u* (undo) recovers from an unlimited number of operations such
-as creating, removing, moving, copying, selecting etc. It works like
-you'd expect even if you're in the midst of creating something.
-
- *Shift<Key>r* restores the last undone operation provided no other
-changes have been made since the undo was performed.
-
- *<Key>tab* changes the board side you are viewing.
-
- For a complete list of keystrokes and button events see *Note
-Translations::.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Lines, Next: Arcs, Prev: Common, Up: Drawing and Removing
-
-Lines
------
-
- To draw new lines you have to be in *line-mode*. Get there either by
-selecting it from the *Tool palette* or by pressing *<Key>F2*. Each
-successive *notify* event creates a new line. The adjustment to 45
-degree lines is done automatically if it is selected from the *Display*
-menu. You can toggle the 45 degree mode setting by pressing the
-*<Key>.* (That is the period key). When 45 degree enforcement is turned
-on there are three distinct modes of line creation: a single line on
-the closest 45 degree vector towards the crosshair (but not necessarily
-actually ending at the crosshair), two lines created such that the
-first leaves the start point on a 90 degree vector and the second
-arrives at the crosshair on a 45 degree vector, and finally two lines
-created such that the first leaves the start point on a 45 degree
-vector and the second arrives at the crosshair on a 90 degree vector.
-These last two modes always connect all the way from the start and end
-points, and all lines have angles in 45 degree multiples. The *<Key>/*
-cycles through the three modes. The status line shows a text icon to
-indicate which of the modes is active and the lines following the
-crosshair motion show the outline of the line(s) that will actually be
-created. Press *<Key>Escape* to leave line-mode.
-
- *<Key>l*, *Shift<Key>l* and the entries in the *Sizes* menu change
-the initial width of new lines. This width is also displayed in the
-status line.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Arcs, Next: Polygons, Prev: Lines, Up: Drawing and Removing
-
-Arcs
-----
-
- An Arc is drawn with the *arc-tool*. Get there either by selecting
-it from the *Tool palette* or by pressing *<Key>F8*. Press *Btn1* to
-define the starting point for the arc. Drag the mouse towards the
-desired end point along the path you want the arc to follow. The
-outline of the arc that will be created is shown on the screen as you
-move the mouse. Arcs are always forced to be 90 degrees and have
-symmetrical length and width ( i.e. they are a quarter circle). The
-next *Btn1* click creates the arc. It will have the same width as new
-lines (displayed in the status line) and appear on the active layer.
-The arc leaves the starting point towards the crosshair along the axis
-whose distance from the crosshair is largest. Normally this means that
-if you drag along the path you want the arc to follow, you'll get what
-you want. If the grid is set to the arc radius, then the two distances
-will be equal and you won't be able to get all of the possible
-directions. If this is thwarting your desires, reduce the grid spacing
-(*!Shift<Key>G*) and try again.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Polygons, Next: Text, Prev: Arcs, Up: Drawing and Removing
-
-Polygons and Rectangles
------------------------
-
- A polygon is drawn by defining all of its segments as a series of
-consecutive line segments. If the first point matches a new one and if
-the number of points is greater than two, then the polygon is closed.
-Since matching up with the first point may be difficult, you may use
-*Shift<Key>p* to close the polygon. The *Shift<Key>p* won't work if
-clipping to 45 degree lines is selected and the final segment cannot
-match this condition. I suggest you create simple convex polygons in
-order to avoid a strong negative impact on the performance of the
-connection scanning routines. The *rectangle-mode* is just an easy way
-to generate rectangular polygons. *Polygon-mode* also is selected by
-*<Key>F6* whereas *rectangle-mode* uses *<Key>F4*. Pressing a
-*<Btn1Down>* at two locations creates a rectangle by defining two of
-its corners. *<Key>Insert* brings you to *insert-point-mode* which
-lets you add additional points to an already existing polygon. Single
-points may be removed by moving the crosshair to them and selecting one
-of the delete actions *(remove-mode, BackSpace, or Delete*. This only
-works if the remaining polygon will still have three or more corners.
-Pressing *<Key>u* or *<Key>p* while entering a new polygon brings you
-back to the previous corner. Removing a point does not force clipping
-to 45 degree angles (because it's not generally possible). Newly
-created polygons will not connect to pins or vias that pierce it unless
-you create a thermal (using the thermal mode) to make the connection.
-If the edge of a polygon gets too close to a pin or via that lies
-outside of it, a warning will be issued and the pin will be given a
-special color. Increasing the distance between them will remove the
-warning color.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Text, Next: Vias, Prev: Polygons, Up: Drawing and Removing
-
-Text
-----
-
- Pressing *<Key>F5* or clicking one of the text selector buttons
-changes to *text-mode*. Each successive notify event (*<Btn1Down>*)
-pops up the input line at the bottom and queries for a string. Enter
-it and press *<Key>Return* to confirm or *<Key>Escape* to abort. The
-text object is created with its upper left corner at the current pointer
-location. The initial scaling is changed by *<Key>t* and *Shift<Key>t*
-or from the *Sizes* menu.
-
- Now switch to *rotate-mode* and press *<Btn1Down>* at the
-text-objects location. Text objects on the solder side of the layout
-are automatically mirrored and flipped so that they are seen correctly
-when viewing the solder-side.
-
- Use *<Key>n* to edit the string.
-
- TEXT OBJECTS ON COPPER LAYERS CREATE COPPER LINES BUT THEY ARE NOT
-SCANNED FOR CONNECTIONS. If they are moved to the silkscreen layer, they
-no longer create copper.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Vias, Next: Elements, Prev: Text, Up: Drawing and Removing
-
-Vias
-----
-
- The initial size of new vias may be changed by *<Key>v* and
-*Shift<Key>v* or by selecting the appropriate entry from the *Sizes*
-menu. *Mod1<Key>v* and *Mod1 Shift<Key>v* do the same for the drilling
-hole of the via. The statusline is updated with the new values.
-Creating a via is similar to the other objects. Switch to *via-mode* by
-using either the selector button or *<Key>F1* then press *<Key>]* or
-*<Btn1Down>* to create one. *<Key>n* changes the name of a via. If you
-want to create a mounting hole for your board, then you can place a via
-where you want the hole to be then convert the via into a hole. The
-conversion is done by pressing *!Ctrl<Key>h* with the crosshair over
-the via. Conceptually it is still a via, but it has no copper annulus.
-If you create such a hole in the middle of two polygons on different
-layers, it will short the layers. Theoretically you could arrange for
-such a hole not to be plated, but a metal screw inserted in the hole
-would still risk shorting the layers. A good rule is to realize that
-holes in the board really are vias between the layers and so place them
-where they won't interfere with connectivity. You can convert a hole
-back into a normal via with the same keystroke used to convery it in
-the first place.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Elements, Next: Pastebuffer, Prev: Vias, Up: Drawing and Removing
-
-Elements
---------
-
- Some of the functions related to elements only work if both the
-package layer and the pin layer are switched on.
-
- Now that you're familiar with many of the basic commands, it is time
-to put the first element on the layout. First of all, you have to load
-data into the paste buffer. There are four ways to do this:
- 1) load the data from a library
- 2) load the data from a file
- 3) copy data from an already existing element
- 4) convert objects in the buffer into an element
- We don't have any elements on the screen yet nor anything in the
-buffer, so we use number one.
-
- Select *lsi* from the menu in the library window press *<Btn1Down>*
-twice at the appropriate text-line to get the MC68030 CPU. The data is
-loaded and the mode is switched to *pastebuffer-mode*. Each notify
-event now creates one of these beasts. Leave the mode by selecting a
-different one or by *<Key>Escape* which resets all modes.. The
-crosshair is located at the *mark* position as defined by the data
-file. Rotating the buffer contents is done by selecting the *rotate*
-entry of the *Buffer* menu or by pressing *Shift<Key>F3*. The contents
-of the buffer are valid until new data is loaded into it either by a
-cut-to-buffer operation, copy-to-buffer operation or by loading a new
-data file. There are 5 buffers available. Switching between them is
-done by selecting a menu entry or by *Shift<Key>1..5*. Each of the two
-board sides has its own buffers.
-
- The release includes all data files for the circuits that are used
-by the demo layout. The elements in the LED example are not found in
-the library, but you can lift them from the example itself if you want.
-If you have problems with the color of the crosshair, change the
-resource *crosshairColor* setting to a different one.
-
- Now load a second circuit, the MC68882 FPU for example. Create the
-circuit as explained above. You now have two different unnamed
-elements. Unnamed means that the layout-name of the element hasn't been
-set yet. Selecting *description* from the *Display* menu displays the
-description string of the two circuits which are CPU and FPU. The
-values of the circuits are set to MC68030 and MC68882. Each of the
-names of an element may be changed by *<Key>n* at the elements location
-and editing the old name in the bottom input line. Naming pins and vias
-is similar to elements. You can hide the element name so that it won't
-appear on the board silkscreen by pressing *<key>h* with the cursor
-over the element. Doing so again un-hides the element name.
-
- Entering `:le' and selecting an element data file is the second way
-to load circuits.
-
- The third way to create a new element is to copy an existing one.
-Please refer to *Note Moving and Copying::.
-
- The fourth way to create a new element is to convert a buffer's
-contents into an element. Here's how it's done: Select the Via-tool
-from the *Tool pallette*. Set the grid spacing to something
-appropriate for the element pin spacing. Now create a series of vias
-where the pins go. Create them in pin number order. It is often handy
-to place a reference point (*!Ctrl<Key>m*) in the center of the first
-pin in order to measure the location of the other pins. Next make a
-solder-side layer the active layer from the *active-layer* popup menu.
-Now draw the outline of the element using lines and arcs. When you're
-done, select everything that makes up the element with a box selection
-(*<Btn3Down> drag, <Btn3Up>*). Now select "cut selection to buffer"
-from the *Buffer* menu. Position the cursor over the center of pin 1
-and press the left button to load the data into the buffer. Finally
-select "convert buffer to element" from the *Buffer* menu. You'll only
-want to create elements this way if they aren't already in the library.
-It's also probably a good idea to do this before starting any of the
-other aspects of a layout, but it isn't necessary.
-
- To display the pinout of a circuit move to it and press *Shift<Key>d*
-or select *show pinout* from the *Objects* menu. A new window pops up
-and displays the complete pinout of the element. This display can be
-difficult to read if the component has been rotated 90 degrees :-(
-therefore, the new window will show an un-rotated view so the pin names
-are readable. *<Key>d* displays the name of one or all pins/pads
-inside the drawing area, this is only for display on-screen, it has no
-effect on any printing of the layout.
-
- You also may want to change a pin's or pad's current size by pressing
-*<Key>s* to increase or *Shift<Key>s* to decrease it. While this is
-possible, it is not recommended since care was probably taken to define
-the element structure in the first place. You can also change the
-thickness of the element's silkscreen outline with the same keys. You
-can change whether a pin or SMD pad is rounded or square with the
-*<Key>q*. SMD pads should usually have squared ends. Finally, you can
-change whether the non-square pins are round or octagonal with the
-*!Ctrl<Key>o*.
-
- SMD elements and silkscreen objects are drawn in the "invisible
-object" color if they are located on the opposite side of the board.
-
- For information on element connections refer to *Note Connection
-Lists::.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Pastebuffer, Prev: Elements, Up: Drawing and Removing
-
-Pastebuffer
------------
-
- The linestack and element-buffer of former releases have been
-replaced by 5 multi-purpose buffers that are selected by
-*Shift<Key>1..5*. The status line shows which buffer is the active one.
-You may load data from a file or layout into them. Cut-and-paste works
-too. If you followed the instructions earlier in this chapter you
-should now have several objects on the screen. Move the crosshair to
-one of them and press *<Btn3Down>* to toggle its selection flag. (If
-you drag the mouse while the button is down, a box selection will be
-attempted instead of toggling the selection.) The object is redrawn in
-a different color. You also may want to try moving the pointer while
-holding the third button down and release it on a different location.
-This selects all objects inside the rectangle and unselects everything
-else. If you want to add a box selection to an existing selection,
-drag with *Mod1<Btn3Down>* instead. Dragging *Shift Mod1<Btn3Down>*
-unselects objects in a box. Now change to *pastebuffer-mode* and
-select some operations from the *Buffer* menu. Copying objects to the
-buffer is available as *Mod1<Key>c* while cutting them uses
-*Mod1<Key>x* as shortcut. Both clear the buffer before new data is
-added. If you use the menu entries, you have to supply a crosshair
-position by pressing a mouse button. The objects are attached to the
-pastebuffer relative to that crosshair location. Element data or PCB
-data may be merged into an existing layout by loading the datafiles
-into the pastebuffer. Both operations are available from the *File*
-menu or as user commands.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Moving and Copying, Next: Loading and Saving, Prev: Drawing and Removing, Up: Getting Started
-
-Moving and Copying
-==================
-
- All objects can be moved including element-names, by *<Btn2Down>*,
-draging the pointer while holding the button down and releasing it at
-the new location of the object. If you use *Mod1<Btn2Down>* instead,
-the object is copied. Copying does not work for element-names of
-course. You can move all selected objects with *Shift <Btn1Down>*.
-This uses the Pastebuffer, so it will remove whatever was previously in
-the Pastebuffer. Please refer to *Note Pastebuffer::. If you want to
-give a small nudge to an object, but you don't think that the mouse
-will give you the fine level of control that you want, you can position
-the cursor over the object, press *<Key>[*, move it with the arrow
-keys, then press *<Key>]* when it's at the desired position. Remember
-that all movements are forced onto grid coordinates, so you may want to
-change the grid spacing first.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Loading and Saving, Next: Printing, Prev: Moving and Copying, Up: Getting Started
-
-Loading and Saving
-==================
-
- After your first experience with `Pcb' you will probably want to save
-your work. `:s name' passes the data to an external program which is
-responsible for saving it. For details see *saveCommand* in *Note
-Resources::. Saving also is available from the *File* menu, either
-with or without supplying a filename. `Pcb' reuses the last filename if
-you do not pass a new one to the save routine.
-
- To load an existing layout either select *load layout data* from the
-*File* menu or use `:l filename'. A file select box pops up if you
-don't specify a filename. Merging existing layouts into the new one is
-supported either by the *File* menu or by `:m filename'.
-
- `Pcb' saves a backup of the current layout depending on the resource
-*backup*. The file is named `/tmp/PCB.%i.backup'. During critical
-sections of the program or when data would be lost it is saved as
-`/tmp/PCB.%i.save'. *%i* is replaced by the process ID.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Printing, Next: Connection Lists, Prev: Loading and Saving, Up: Getting Started
-
-Printing
-========
-
- `Pcb' now has support for device drivers, `PostScript',
-*encapsulated PostScript*, and *Gerber X* drivers are available so far.
-The *Gerber X* driver generates a NC drill file for automated drilling.
-I recommend the use of `GhostScript' if you don't have a `PostScript'
-printer for handling the PostScript output. Printing always generates a
-complete set of files for a specified driver. See the page about the
-*Print()* action for addtional information about the filenames. The
-control panel offers a number of options. Most of them are not avilable
-for Gerber output because it wouldn't make sense, for example, to
-scale the gerber output (you'd get an incorrectly made board!) The
-options are:
-
-`device'
- The top menu button selects from the available device drivers.
-
-`rotate'
- Rotate layout 90 degrees counter-clockwise before printing
- (default).
-
-`mirror'
- Mirror layout before printing. Use this option depending on your
- production line.
-
-`color'
- Created colored output. All colors will be converted to black if
- this option is inactive.
-
-`outline'
- Add a board outline to the output file. The size is determined by
- the maximum boardsize changeable from the *sizes* menu. The
- outline appears on the top and bottom sides of the board, but not
- on the internal layers. An outline can be useful for determining
- where to shear the board from the panel, but be aware that it
- creates a copper line. Thus it has the potential to cause short
- circuits if you don't leave enough room from your wiring to the
- board edge. Use a viewer to see what the output outline looks like
- if you want to know what it looks like.
-
-`alignment'
- Additional alignement targets are added to the output. The
- distances between the board outline is set by the resource
- *alignmentDistance*. Alignment targets should only be used if you
- know for certain that YOU WILL BE USING THEM YOURSELF. It is
- extremely unlikely that you will want to have alignment targets if
- you send gerber files to a commercial pcb manufacture to be made.
-
-`scaling'
- It's quite useful to enlarge your printout for checking the layout.
- Use the scrollbar to adjust the scaling factor to your needs.
-
-`media'
- Select the size of the output media from this menu. The user
- defined size may be set by the resource *media* either from one of
- the well known paper sizes or by a `X11' geometry specification.
- This entry is only available if you use `X11R5' or later. For
- earlier releases the user defined size or, if not available, *A4*
- is used. Well known size are:
- A3
- A4
- A5
- letter
- tabloid
- ledger
- legal
- executive
-
-`offset'
- Adjust the offsets of the printout by using the panner at the
- right side of the dialog box. This entry is only available if you
- use `X11R5' or later. A zero offset is used for earlier releases.
-
-`8.3 filenames'
- Select this button to generate DOS compatible filenames for the
- output files. The *command* input area will disappear if selected.
-
-`commandline'
- Use this line to enter a command (starts with `|') or a filename.
- A %f is replaced by the current filename. The default is set by
- the resource *printCommand*.
-
- The created file includes some labels which are guaranteed to stay
-unchanged
-`PCBMIN'
- identifies the lowest x and y coordinates in mil.
-
-`PCBMAX'
- identifies the highest x and y coordinates in mil.
-
-`PCBOFFSET'
- is set to the x and y offset in mil.
-
-`PCBSCALE'
- is a floating point value which identifies the scaling factor.
-
-`PCBSTARTDATA'
-`PCBENDDATA'
- all layout data is included between these two marks. You may use
- them with an `awk' script to produce several printouts on one
- piece of paper by duplicating the code and putting some
- `translate' commands in front. Note, the normal `PostScript'
- units are 1/72 inch.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Connection Lists, Next: Selection, Prev: Printing, Up: Getting Started
-
-Connection Lists
-================
-
- After completing parts of your layout you may want to check if all
-drawn connections match the ones you have in mind. This is probably
-best done in conjunction with a net-list file: see *Note Rats Nest::.
-The following examples give more rudimentary ways to examine the
-connections.
- 1) create at least two elements and name them
- 2) create some connections between their pins
- 3) optionally add some vias and connections to them
-
- Now select *lookup connection* from the *Connections* menu, move the
-cursor to a pin or via and press any mouse button. `Pcb' will look for
-all other pins and/or vias connected to the one you have selected and
-display the objects in a different color. Now try some of the reset
-options available from the same menu.
-
- There also is a way to scan all connections of one element. Select
-*a single element* from the menu and press any button at the element's
-location. All connections of this element will be saved to the
-specified file. Either the layout name of the element or its canonical
-name is used to identify pins depending on the one which is displayed
-on the screen (may be changed by *Display* menu).
-
- An automatic scan of all elements is initiated by choosing *all
-elements*. It behaves in a similar fashion to scanning a single element
-except the resource *resetAfterElement* is used to determine if
-connections should be reset before a new element is scanned. Doing so
-will produce very long lists because the power lines are rescanned for
-every element. By default the resource is set to *false* for this
-reason.
-
- To scan for unconnected pins select *unused pins* from the same menu.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Selection, Next: Rats Nest, Prev: Connection Lists, Up: Getting Started
-
-Selection
-=========
-
- Some commands mentioned earlier in this chapter also are able to
-operate on all selected and visible objects. Now go back to the layout
-and toggle the selection flag of a single one by *<Btn3Down>*. Try
-*<Btn3Down>*, move the pointer while holding the button down and
-release it on a different location. This selects all objects inside
-the rectangle and unselects everything else. Dragging with
-*Mod1<Btn3Down>* adds everything in the box to the existing selection.
-Dragging *Shift <Btn3Down>* unselects objects in the box.
-
- The entries of the *Selection* menu are hopefully self-explanatory.
-Many of the *Action Commands* can take various key words that make them
-function on all or some of the selected items.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Rats Nest, Next: Design Rule Checking, Prev: Selection, Up: Getting Started
-
-Rats Nest
-=========
-
- If you have a netlist that corresponds to the layout you are working
-on, you can use the rats-nest feature to add rat-lines to the layout.
-First you will need to load a netlist file (see *:rn*, *Note User
-Commands::). *<Key>w* adds rat-lines on the active layer using the
-current line thickness shown in the status line (usually you'll want
-them to be thin lines). Only those rat-lines that fill in missing
-connectivity (since you have probably routed some connections already)
-are added. If the layout is already completely wired, nothing will be
-added, and you will get a message that the wiring is complete.
-
- Rat-lines are lines having the special property that they only
-connect to pins and pads at their end points. Rat-lines are drawn on
-the screen with a stippled pattern to make them easier to identify
-since they have special behavior and cannot remain in a completed
-layout. Rat-lines are added in the minimum length straight-line tree
-pattern (always ending on pins or pads) that satisfies the missing
-connectivity in the circuit. Used in connection with moves and rotates
-of the elements, they are extremely useful for deciding where to place
-elements on the board. The rat-lines will always automatically
-rubberband to the elements whether or not the rubberband mode is on.
-The only way for you to move them is by moving the parts they connect
-to. This is because it is never desireable to have the rat-lines
-disconnected from their element pins. Rat-lines will normally
-criss-cross all over which gives rise to the name "rats nest"
-describing a layout connected with them. If a SMD pad is unreachable
-on the active layer, a warning will be issued about it and the rat-line
-to that pad will not be generated.
-
- A common way to use rats nests is to place some elements on the
-board, add the rat-lines, and then use a series of moves/rotates of the
-elements until the rats nest appears to have minimum tangling. You may
-want to iterate this step several times. Don't worry if the layout
-looks messy - as long as you can get a sense for whether the
-criss-crossing is better or worse as you move things, you're fine.
-After moving some elements arround, you may want to optimize the rats
-nest *<Key>o* so that the lines are drawn between the closest points
-(this can change once you've moved components). Adding rat-lines only
-to selected pads/pins (*Shift<Key>w*) is often useful to layout a
-circuit a little bit at a time. Sometimes you'll want to delete all
-the rat-lines (*<Key>e*) or selected rat-lines (*Shift<Key>e*) in order
-to reduce confusion. With a little practice you'll be able to achieve
-a near optimal component placement with the use of a rats nest.
-
- Rat-lines are not only used for assisting your element placement,
-they can also help you to route traces on the board. Use the *<Key>m*
-to convert a rat-line under the cursor into a normal line on the active
-layer. Inserting a point into a rat-line will also cause the two new
-lines to be normal lines on the board. Another way that you can use
-rat-lines is to use the *<Key>f* with the cursor over a pad or pin.
-All of the pins and pads and rat-lines belonging to that net will be
-highlighted. This is a helpful way to distinguish one net from the rest
-of the rats nest. You can then route those tracks, turn off the
-highlighting (*Shift<Key>f*) and repeat the process. This will work even
-if the layer that the rat-lines reside on is made invisible - so only
-the pins and pads are highlighted. Be sure to erase the rat-lines
-(*<Key>e* erases them all) once you've duplicated their connectivity by
-adding your own lines. When in doubt, the *<Key>o* will delete only
-those rat-lines that are no longer needed.
-
- If connections exist on the board that are not listed in the netlist
-when *<Key>w* is pressed, warning messages are issued and the affected
-pins and pads are drawn in a special *warnColor* until the next
-*Notify()* event. If the entire layout agrees completely with the
-netlist, a message informs you that the layout is complete and no
-rat-lines will be added (since none are needed). If the layout is
-complete, but still has rat-lines then you will be warned that
-rat-lines remain. If you get no message at all it's probably because
-some elements listed in the net list can't be found and where reported
-in an earlier message. There shouldn't be any rat-lines left in a
-completed layout, only normal lines.
-
- The *Shift<Key>w* is used to add rat-lines to only those missing
-connections among the selected pins and pads. This can be used to add
-rat-lines in an incremental manner, or to force a rat-line to route
-between two points that are not the closest points within the net.
-Often it is best to add the rats nest in an incremental fashion, laying
-out a sub-section of the board before going further. This is easy to
-accomplish since new rat-lines are never added where routed
-connectivity already makes the necessary connections.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Design Rule Checking, Prev: Rats Nest, Up: Getting Started
-
-Design Rule Checking
-====================
-
- After you've finished laying out a board, you may want to check to
-be certain that none of your interconnections are too closely spaced or
-too tenuously touching to be reliably fabricated. The design rule
-checking (DRC) function does this for you. Use the command ":DRC()"
-(without the quotes of course) to invoke the checker. If there are no
-problem areas, you'll get a message to that effect. If any problem is
-encountered, you will get a message about it and the affected traces
-will be highlighted. One part of the tracks of concern will be
-selected, while the other parts of concern will have the
-"FindConnection" highlighting. The screen will automatically be
-centered in the middle of the object having the "FindConnection"
-(Green) highlighting. The middle of the object is also the coordinates
-reported to be "near" the problem. The actual trouble region will be
-somewhere on the boundary of this object. If the two parts are from
-different nets then there is some place where they approach each other
-closer than the minimum rule. If the parts are from the same net, then
-there is place where they are only barely connected. Find that place
-and connect them better.
-
- After a DRC error is found and corrected you must run the DRC again
-because the search for errors is halted as soon as the first problem is
-found. Unless you've been extremely careless there should be no more
-than a few design rule errors in your layout. The DRC checker does not
-check for minimum spacing rules to copper text, so always be very
-careful when adding copper text to a layout. The rules for the DRC are
-specified in the application resource file. The minimum spacing value
-(in mils) is given by the *Settings.Bloat* value. The default is 7
-mils. The minimum touching overlap (in mils) is given by the
-*Settings.Shrink* value. This value defaults to 5 mils. Check with your
-fabrication process people to determine the values that are right for
-you.
-
- If you want to turn off the highlighting produced by the DRC,
-perform an undo (assuming no other changes have been made). To restore
-the highlighting, use redo. The redo will restore the highlighting
-quickly without re-running the DRC checker.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: User Commands, Next: Command-Line Options, Prev: Getting Started, Up: Top
-
-User Commands
-*************
-
- The entering of user-commands is initiated by the action routine
-*Command()* (the `(":")' character) and finished by either *<Key>Return*
-or *<Key>Escape* to confirm or to abort. These two keybindings cannot
-be changed from the resource file. The triggering event, normally a
-key press, is ignored. The input area will replace the bottom
-statusline. It pops up when *Command()* is called. The arguments of the
-user-commands are passed to the external commands without modification.
-See also, the resource *saveInTMP*.
-
- There are simple *usage* dialogs for each command and one for the
-complete set of commands.
-
-`l [filename]'
- Loads a new datafile (layout) and, if confirmed, overwrites any
- existing unsaved data. The filename and the searchpath
- (*filePath*) are passed to the command defined by *fileCommand*.
- If no filename is specified a file select box will popup.
-
-`le [filename]'
- Loads an element description into the paste buffer. The filename
- and the searchpath (*elementPath*) are passed to the command
- defined by *elementCommand*. If no filename is specified a file
- select box will popup.
-
-`m [filename]'
- Loads an layout file into the paste buffer. The filename and the
- searchpath (*filePath*) are passed to the command defined by
- *fileCommand*. If no filename is specified a file select box will
- popup.
-
-`q[!]'
- Quits the program without saving any data (after confirmation).
- q! doesn't ask for confirmation, it just quits.
-
-`s [filename]'
- Data and the filename are passed to the command defined by the
- resource *saveCommand*. It must read the layout data from *stdin*.
- If no filename is entered, either the last one is used again or,
- if it is not available, a file select box will pop up.
-
-`rn [filename]'
- Reads in a netlist file. If no filename is given a file select
- box will pop up. The file is read via the command defined by the
- *RatCommand* resource. The command must send its output to
- *stdout*. The netlist received by pcb must have this simple text
- form:
-
- netname NAME-PINNUM NAME2-PINNUM2 NAME3-PINNUM3 ... [\]
-
- where "netname" is the name of the net (currently its value is
- ignored but it must be present nonetheless), NAME is the
- layout-name given to an element, and PINNUM is the (usually
- numeric) pin number of the element that is part of the net (see
- *Note Element Objects:: for details on pin numbering). Spaces or
- tabs separate the fields. If the line ends with a "\" the net
- continues on the next line and the "\" is treated exactly as if it
- were a space. If the NAME ends with a lower-case letter, all
- lower-case letters are stripped from end of the NAME to determine
- the matching name-on-board name. For example:
-
- Data U1-3 U2abc-4 FLOP1a-7 Uabc3-A9
-
- would specifiy that pin 3 of U1 be connected to pin 4 of U2, to
- pin 7 of FLOP1 and to pin A9 of Uabc3. Note that if pin numbers
- contain alphabetic characters, they must match the case contained
- in the "number" string defining the pin number on the
- cooresponding element. It is up to you to name the elements so
- that their layout-names agrees with the netlist. Netlists are
- used for generating rats nest (see *Note Rats Nest::) and for
- verifying the board layout (which is also accomplished by the
- *Ratsnest* command.
-
-`w[q] [filename]'
- These commands have been added for the convenience of `vi' users
- and have the same functionality as *s* combined with *q*.
-
-`actionCommand'
- Causes the actionCommand to be executed. This allows you to
- initiate actions for which no bindings exist in the resource file.
- It can be used to initiate any action with whatever arguments you
- enter. This makes it possible to do things that otherwise would
- be extremely tedious. For example, to change the drilling hole
- diameter of all vias in the layout to 32 mils, you could select
- everything using the selection menu, then type
- "*:ChangeDrillSize(SelectedVias, 32)*". (This will only work
- provided the via's diameter is sufficiently large to accomodate a
- 32 mil hole). Another example might be to set the grid to 1 mil
- by typing "*:SetValue(Grid, 1)*". Note that some actions use the
- current cursor location, so be sure to place the cursor where you
- want before entering the command. This is one of my favorite new
- features in 1.5 and can be a powerful tool. Study the *Note
- Actions:: section to see what actions are available.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Command-Line Options, Next: X11 Interface, Prev: User Commands, Up: Top
-
-Command-Line Options
-********************
-
- There are several resources which may be set or reset in addition to
-the standard toolkit command-line options. For a complete list refer to
-*Note Resources::.
-
- The synopsis is:
-
- `pcb [-option ...] [-toolkit_option ...] [layout-file]'
-
- or
-
- `pcb -specialoption'
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Options:: `Pcb' command-line options.
-* Special Options:: Version and copyright information.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Options, Next: Special Options, Up: Command-Line Options
-
-Options
-=======
-
-`-alldirections/+alldirections'
- Disables or enables line clipping to 45 degree angles. Overwrites
- the resource *allDirectionLines*.
-
-`-backup value'
- Time between two backups in seconds. Passing zero disables the
- backup feature. Overwrites the resource *backupInterval*.
-
-`-c value'
- Number of characters per output line. The resource
- *charactersPerLine* is overwritten.
-
-`-fontfile filename'
- The default set of symbols (font) for a new layout is read from
- this file. All directories as defined by the resource *fontPath*
- are scanned for the file. The scan is only performed if the
- filename doesn't contain a directory component. The *fontFile*
- resource is changed.
-
-`-lelement command-line'
- Sets the command to be executed when an element is loaded from a
- file to the paste buffer. The command may contain %f and %p to
- pass the requested filename and the searchpath to the command. It
- must write the data to its standard output. The related resource
- is *elementCommand*.
-
-`-lfile command-line'
- Sets the command to be executed when a new layout is loaded from a
- file. The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested
- filename and the searchpath to the command. It must write the data
- to its standard output. The related resource is *fileCommand*.
-
-`-lfont command-line'
- Sets the command to be executed when a font is loaded from a file.
- The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested filename
- and the searchpath to the command. It must write the data to its
- standard output. The related resource is *fontCommand*.
-
-`-lg layergroups'
- This option overwrites the resource *layerGroups*. See its
- description for more information. The value is used for new
- layouts only.
-
-`-libname filename'
- The default filename for the library. Overwrites the resource
- *libraryFilename*.
-
-`-libpath path'
- The default search path for the the library. Overwrites the
- resource *libraryPath*.
-
-`-llib command-line'
- Sets the command to be executed when an element is loaded from the
- library. The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested
- filename and the searchpath to the command. %a is replaces by the
- three arguments *template*, *value* and *package*. The command
- must write the data to its standard output. The related resource
- is *libraryCommand*.
-
-`-llibcont command-line'
- The command lists the contents of the library. The command may
- contain %f and %p to pass the library filename and the searchpath
- to the command. Also refer to *Note Library File:: and *Note
- Library Contents File::. The related resource is
- *libraryContentsCommand*.
-
-`-loggeometry geometry'
- Determines the geometry of the log window.
-
-`-pnl value'
- Restricts the displayed length of the name of a pin in the pinout
- window to the passed value. See also, the resource
- *pinoutNameLength*.
-
-`-pz value'
- Sets the zoom factor for the pinout window according to the
- formula: scale = 1:(2 power value). The related resource is
- *pinoutZoom*.
-
-`-reset/+reset'
- If enabled, all connections are reset after each element is
- scanned. This feature is only used while scanning connections to
- all elements. See also, *resetAfterElement*.
-
-`-ring/+ring'
- Overrides the resource *ringBellWhenFinished*. If enabled, the bell
- sounds when connection searching has finished.
-
-`-rs string'
- Overrides the resource *routeStyle*. The string defines a colon
- separated list of route styles. The route styles consist of a
- comma separated list of name, line thickness, via diameter, and
- via drill size. e.g.
- "Fat,50,100,40:Skinny,8,35,20:75Ohm,110,110,20"
-
-`-s/+s'
- Enables/Disables the saving of the previous commandline. Overrides
- the *saveLastCommand* resource.
-
-`-save/+save'
- See the resource description of *saveInTMP* for details.
-
-`-sfile command-line'
- Sets the command to be executed when an layout file is saved. The
- command may contain %f which is replaced by the filename. The
- command must read its data from the standard input. The resource
- *saveCommand* is overwritten.
-
-`-size <width>x<height>'
- Overrides the resource *size* which determines the maximum size of
- a layout.
-
-`-v value'
- Sets the volume of the X speaker. The value is passed to `XBell()'
- and must be in the range -100..100.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Special Options, Prev: Options, Up: Command-Line Options
-
-Special Options
-===============
-
- There are some special options available in addition to normal
-command line options. Each of these must be the only option specified
-on a command line. The available special options are:
-
-`-copyright'
- Prints out the copyright notice and terminates.
-
-`-version'
- Prints out the version ID and terminates.
-
-`-help'
- Prints out the usage message and terminates.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: X11 Interface, Next: File Formats, Prev: Command-Line Options, Up: Top
-
-X11 Interface
-*************
-
- This chapter gives an overview about the additional `X11' resources
-which are defined by `Pcb' as well as the defined action routines.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Resources:: Non-standard `X11' application resources.
-* Actions:: A list of available action routines.
-* Translations:: A list of the default key translations (as shipped).
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Resources, Next: Actions, Up: X11 Interface
-
-Non-Standard X11 Application Resources
-======================================
-
- In addition to the toolkit resources, `Pcb' defines the following
-resources:
-
-`absoluteGrid (boolean)'
- Selects if either the grid is relative to the position where it
- has changed last or absolute, the default, to the origin (0,0).
-
-`alignmentDistance (dimension)'
- Specifies the distance between the boards outline to the alignment
- targets.
-
-`allDirectionLines (boolean)'
- Enables (default) or disables clipping of new lines to 45 degree
- angles.
-
-`backupInterval (int)'
- `Pcb' has an automatic backup feature which saves the current data
- every n seconds. The default is *300* seconds. A value of zero
- disables the feature. The backup file is named
- `/tmp/PCB.%i.backup'. *%i* is replaced by the process ID. See
- also, the command-line option *-backup*.
-
-`Bloat (dimension)'
- Specifies the minimum spacing design rule in mils.
-
-`charactersPerLine (int)'
- `Pcb' uses this value to determine the page width when creating
- lists. N, the number of characters per line, defaults to *80*.
- See also, the command-line option *-c*.
-
-`connectedColor (color)'
- All pins, vias, lines and rectangles which are selected during a
- connection search are drawn with this color. The default value is
- determined by *XtDefaultForeground*.
-
-`crosshairColor (color)'
- This color is used to draw the crosshair cursor. The color is a
- result of a *XOR* operation with the contents of the drawing area.
- The result also depends on the default colormap of the `X11'
- server because only the colormap index is used in the boolean
- operation and `Pcb' doesn't create its own colormap. The default
- setting is *XtDefaultForeground*.
-
-`elementColor (color)'
-`elementSelectedColor (color)'
- The elements package part is drawn in these colors, for normal and
- selected mode, respectively, which both default to
- *XtDefaultForeground*.
-
-`elementCommand (string)'
- `Pcb' uses a user defined command to read element files. This
- resources is used to set the command which is executed by the
- users default shell. Two escape sequences are defined to pass the
- selected filename (%f) and the current search path (%p). The
- command must write the element data to its standard output. The
- default value is
- M4PATH="%p";export M4PATH;echo 'include(%f)' | m4
- Using the GNU version of `m4' is highly recommended. See also,
- the command-line option *-lelement*.
-
-`elementPath (string)'
- A colon separated list of directories or commands (starts with
- '|'). The path is passed to the program specified in
- *elementCommand* together with the selected elementname. A
- specified command will be executed in order to create entries for
- the fileselect box. It must write its results to *stdout* one
- entry per line. See also, the user-command *le[!]*.
-
-`fileCommand (string)'
- The command is executed by the user's default shell whenever
- existing layout files are loaded. Data is read from the command's
- standard output. Two escape sequences may be specified to pass
- the selected filename (%f) and the current search path (%p). The
- default value is:
- cat %f
- See also, the command-line option *-lfile*.
-
-`filePath (string)'
- A colon separated list of directories or commands (starts with
- '|'). The path is passed to the program specified in
- *fileCommand* together with the selected filename. A specified
- command will be executed in order to create entries for the
- fileselect box. It must write its results to *stdout* one entry
- per line. See also, the user-command *l[!]*.
-
-`fontCommand (string)'
- Loading new symbol sets also is handled by an external command.
- You again may pass the selected filename and the current search
- path by passing %f and %p in the command string. Data is read from
- the commands standard output. This command defaults to
- cat %f
- See also, the command-line option *-lfont*.
-
-`fontFile (string)'
- The default font for new layouts is read from this file which is
- searched in the directories as defined by the resource *fontPath*.
- Searching is only performed if the filename does not contain a
- directory component. The default filename is `default_font'. See
- also, the command-line option *-fontfile*.
-
-`fontPath (string)'
- This resource, a colon separated list of directories, defines the
- searchpath for font files. See also, the resource *fontFile*.
-
-`grid (int)'
- This resources defines the initial value of one cursor step. It
- defaults to *100 mil* and any changes are saved together with the
- layout data.
-
-`gridColor (color)'
- This color is used to draw the grid. The color is a result of a
- *INVERT* operation with the contents of the drawing area. The
- result also depends on the default colormap of the `X11' server
- because only the colormap index is used in the boolean operation
- and `Pcb' doesn't create its own colormap. The default setting is
- *XtDefaultForeground*.
-
-`elementColor (color)'
- Elements localted on the opposite side of the board are drawn in
- this color. The default is *XtDefaultForeground*.
-
-`layerColor1..8 (color)'
-`layerSelectedColor1..8 (color)'
- These resources define the drawing colors of the different layers
- in normal and selected state. All values are preset to
- *XtDefaultForeground*.
-
-`layerGroups (string)'
- The argument to this resource is a colon separated list of comma
- separated layernumbers (1..8). All layers within one group are
- switched on/off together. The default setting is *1:2:3:...:8*
- which means all layers are handled separatly. Grouping layers one
- to three looks like *1,2,3:4:...:8* See also, the command-line
- option *-lg*.
-
-`layerName1..8 (string)'
- The default name of the layers in a new layout are determined by
- these resources. The defaults are empty strings.
-
-`libraryCommand (string)'
- `Pcb' uses a command to read element data from libraries. The
- resources is used to set the command which is executed by the users
- default shell. Three escape sequences are defined to pass the
- selected filename (%f), the current search path (%p) as well (%a)
- as the three parameters *template*, *value* and *package* to the
- command. It must write the element data to its standard output.
- The default value is
- /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb/QueryLibrary.sh %p %f %a
-
-`libraryContentsCommand (string)'
- Similar to *libraryCommand*, `Pcb' uses the command specified by
- this resource to list the contents of a library.
- /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb/ListLibraryContents.sh %p %f
- is the default.
-
-`libraryFilename (string)'
- The resource specifies the name of the library. The default value
- is *pcblib*.
-
-`libraryPath (string)'
- A colon separated list of directories that will be passed to the
- commands specified by *elementCommand* and
- *elementContentsCommand*.
-
-`lineThickness (dimension)'
- The value, int the range [1..250], defines the initial thickness
- of new lines. The value is preset to *ten mil*.
-
-`media (<predefined> | <width>x<height>+-<left_margin>+-<top_margin>)'
- The default (user defined) media of the `PostScript' device.
- Predefined values are *a3*, *a4*, *a5*, *letter*, *tabloit*,
- *ledger*, *legal*, and *executive*. The second way is to specify
- the medias width, height and margins in mil. The resource
- defaults to *a4* size.
-
-`offLimitColor (color)'
- The area outside the current maximum settings for width and height
- is drawn with this color. The default value is determined by
- *XtDefaultBackground*.
-
-`pinColor (color)'
-`pinSelectedColor(color)'
- This resource defines the drawing color of pins and pads in both
- states. The values are preset to *XtDefaultForeground*.
-
-`pinoutFont (string)'
- This fonts are used to display pin names. There is one font for
- each zoom value. The values are preset to *XtdefaultFont*.
-
-`pinoutNameLength (int)'
- This resource limits the number of characters which are displayed
- for pin names in the pinout window. By default the string length
- is limited to *eight* characters per name. See also, the
- command-line option *-pnl*.
-
-`pinoutOffsetX (int)'
-`pinoutOffsetY (int)'
- These resources determine the offset in *mil* of the circuit from
- the upper left corner of the window when displaying pinout
- information. Both default to *100 mil*.
-
-`pinoutTextOffsetX (int)'
-`pinoutTextOffsetY (int)'
- The resources determine the distance in mil between the drilling
- hole of a pin to the location where its name is displayed in the
- pinout window. They default to *X:50* and *Y:0*.
-
-`pinoutZoom (int)'
- Sets the zoom factor for the pinout window according to the
- formula: scale = 1:(2 power value). Its default value is *two*
- which results in a *1:4* scale. See also, the command-line option
- *-pz*.
-
-`printCommand (string)'
- Default file for printouts. If the name starts with a '|' the
- output is piped through the command. A %f is replaced by the
- current filename. There is no default file or command.
-
-`raiseLogWindow (boolean)'
- The log window will be raised when new messages arrive if this
- resource is set *true*, the default.
-
-`ratCommand (string)'
- Default command for reading a netlist. A %f is replaced by the
- netlist filename. Its default value is "*cat %f*".
-
-`ratPath (string)'
- Default path to look for netlist files. It's default value is "."
-
-`resetAfterElement (boolean)'
- If set to *true*, all found connections will be reset before a new
- element is scanned. This will produce long lists when scanning the
- whole layout for connections. The resource is set to *false* by
- default. The feature is only used while looking up connections of
- all elements. See also, the command-line option *-reset, +reset*.
-
-`ringBellWhenFinished (boolean)'
- Whether to ring the bell (the default) when a possibly lengthy
- operation has finished or not. See also, the command-line option
- *-ring, +ring*.
-
-`routeStyle (string)'
- Default values for the menu of routing styles (seen in the sizes
- menu). The string is a comma separated list of name, line
- thickness, via diameter, and via drill size. e.g.
- "Fat,50,100,40:Skinny,8,35,20:75Ohm,110,110,20" See also, the
- command-line option *-rs* and *Sizes Menu*
-
-`rubberBandMode (boolean)'
- Whether rubberband move and rotate (attached lines stretch like
- rubberbands) is enabled (the default).
-
-`saveCommand (string)'
- This command is used to save data to a layout file. The filename
- may be indicated by placing `%f' in the string. It must read the
- data from its standard input. The default command is:
- cat - > %f
- See also, the command-line option *-sfile*.
-
-`saveInTMP (boolean)'
- Enabling this resource will save all data which would otherwise be
- lost in a temporary file `/tmp/PCB.%i.save'. *%i* is replaced by
- the process ID. As an example, loading a new layout when the old
- one hasn't been saved would use this resource. See also, the
- command-line option *-save, +save*.
-
-`saveLastCommand (boolean)'
- Enables the saving of the last entered user command. The option is
- *disabled* by default. See also, the command-line option *-s, +s*.
-
-`Shrink (dimension)'
- Specifies the minimum overlap (touching) design rule in mils.
-
-`size (<width>x<height>)'
- Defines the width and height of a new layout. The default is
- *7000x5000*.
-
-`stipllePolygons (boolean)'
- Determines whether to display polygons on the screen with a
- stippled pattern. Stippling can create some amount of
- transperency so that you can still (to some extent) see layers
- beneath polygons. It defaults to False.
-
-`textScale (dimension)'
- The font scaling in percent is defined by this resource. The
- default is *100* percent.
-
-`useLogWindow (boolean)'
- Several subroutines send messages to the user if an error occurs.
- This resource determines if they appear inside the log window or
- as a separate dialog box. See also, the resource *raiseLogWindow*
- and the command line option *-loggeometry*. The default value is
- *true*.
-
-`viaColor (color)'
-
-`viaSelectedColor (color)'
- This resource defines the drawing color of vias in both states.
- The values are preset to *XtDefaultForeground*.
-
-`viaThickness (dimension)'
-`viaDrillingHole (dimension)'
- The initial thickness and drilling hole of new vias. The values
- must be in the range [30..250] with at least 20 mil of copper.
- The default thickness is *40 mil* and the default drilling hole is
- *20 mil*.
-
-`volume (int)'
- The value is passed to `XBell()' which sets the volume of the `X'
- speaker. The value lies in the range -100..100 and it defaults to
- the maximum volume of *100*.
-
-`warnColor (color)'
- This resources defines the color to be used for drawing pins and
- pads when a warning has been issued about them.
-
-`zoom (int)'
- The initial value for output scaling is set according to the
- following formula: scale = 1:(2 power value). It defaults to
- *three* which results in an output scale of *1:8*.
-
- Refer also to *Note Command-Line Options::.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Actions, Next: Translations, Prev: Resources, Up: X11 Interface
-
-Actions
-=======
-
- All user accessible commands may be bound to almost any `X' event.
-Almost no default binding for commands is done in the binaries, so it
-is vital for the application that at least a system-wide application
-resource file exists. This file normally resides in the
-`X11/lib/app-defaults' directory and is called `Pcb'. The bindings to
-which the manual refers to are the ones as defined by the shipped
-resource file. Besides binding an action to an X11 event, you can also
-execute any action command using a ":" command (see *Note User
-Commands::).
-
- Take special care about translations related to the functions keys
-and the pointer buttons because most of the window managers use them
-too. Change the file according to your hardware/software environment.
-You may have to replace all occurances of *baseTranslations* to
-*translations* if you use a `X11R4' server.
-
- Passing *Object* as an argument to an action routine causes the
-object at the cursor location to be changed, removed or whatever. If
-more than one object is located at the crosshair position the smallest
-type is used. If there are two of the same type the newer one is taken.
-*SelectedObjects* will handle all selected and visible objects.
-
-`AddRats(AllRats|SelectedRats)'
- Adds rat-lines to the layout using the loaded netlist file (see
- the *:rn*, *Note User Commands::.). Rat lines are added on the
- active layer using the current line thickness shown in the status
- line. Only missing connectivity is added by the AddRats command
- so if, for example, the layout is complete nothing will be added.
- Rat lines are drawn on the screen with a stippled pattern to make
- them easier to identify since they cannot appear in a completed
- layout. The rat-lines are added in the minimum length
- straight-line tree pattern (always ending on pins or pads) that
- satisfies the missing connectivity in the circuit. If a SMD pad
- is unreachable on the active layer, a warning will be issued about
- it and the rat-line to that pad will not be generated. If
- connections exist on the board which are not listed in the netlist
- while AllRats are being added, warning messages will be issued and
- the affected pins and pads will be drawn in a special *warnColor*
- until the next *Notify()* event. If the entire layout agrees
- completely with the net-list a message informs you that the layout
- is complete and no rat-lines are added (since none are needed).
- If *SelectedRats* is passed as the argument, only those missing
- connections that might connect among the selected pins and pads
- are drawn. Default:
- None<Key>w: AddRats(AllRats)
- !Shift<Key>w: AddRats(SelectedRats)
- None<Key>o: DeleteRats(AllRats) AddRats(AllRats)
- !Shift<Key>o: DeleteRats(SelectedRats) AddRats(SelectedRats)
-
-`Atomic(Save|Restore|Block|Close)'
- Controls the undo grouping of sequences of actions. Before the
- first action in a group, Atomic(Save) should be issued. After
- each action that might be undoable, Atomic(Restore) should be
- issued. Atomic(Block) concludes and save the undo grouping if
- there was anything in the group to undo. Atomic(Close) concludes
- and save the undo grouping even if nothing was actually done.
- Thus it might produce an "empty" undo. This can be useful when
- you want to use undo in a group of actions.
-
-`Bell([-100..100])'
- Rings the bell of your display. If no value is passed the setting
- of the resource *volume* will be used.
-
-`ChangeDrillSize(Object, value)'
-`ChangeDrillSize(SelectedPins|SelectedVias, value)'
- This action routine changes the drilling hole of pins and vias.
- If *value* starts with + or -, then it adds (or subtracts) *value*
- from the current hole diameter, otherwise it sets the diameter to
- the value. Default:
- !Mod1<Key>s: Change2ndSize(Object, +5)
- !Mod1 Shift<Key>s: Change2ndSize(Object, -5)
-
-`ChangeHole(Object|SelectedVias)'
- This action routine converts a via to and from a hole. A hole is
- a via that has no copper annulus. The drill size for the via
- determines the hole diameter.
- !Ctrl<Key>h: ChangeHole(Object)
-
-`ChangeName(Object)'
-`ChangeName(Layer|Layout)'
- Changes the name of the visible object at the cursor location. A
- text object doesn't have a name therefore the text string itself
- is changed. The element name currently used for display is always
- the one changed with this command. See
- *Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)* for details. Passing
- *Layer* changes the current layers name. Default:
- None<Key>n: ChangeName(Object)
-
-`ChangeOctagon(Object|SelectElements|SelectedPins|SelectedVias|Selected)'
- Toggles what shape the affected pin(s) or via(s) will be drawn
- when they are not square. The shape will either be round or
- octagonal. Default:
- !Ctrl<Key>o: ChangeOctagon(Object)
-
-`ChangeSize(Object, value)'
-`ChangeSize(SelectedLines|SelectedPins|SelectedVias, value)'
-`ChangeSize(SelectedPads|SelectedTexts|SelectedNames, value)'
-`ChangeSize(SelectedElements, value)'
- To change the size of an object you have to bind these action to
- some `X' event (or use :ChangeSize(...)). If *value* begins with
- a + or - then the value will be added (or subtracted) from the
- current size, otherwise the size is set equal to *value*. Range
- checking is done to insure that none of the maximum/minimums of
- any size are violated. If *Object* is passed then a single object
- at the cursor location is changed. If any of the *Selected*
- arguments are passed then all selected and visible objects of that
- type are changed. If the type being modified is an element, then
- the thickness of the silkscreen lines defining the element is
- changed. Default:
- None<Key>s: ChangeSize(Object, +5)
- !Shift<Key>s: ChangeSize(Object, -5)
-
-`ChangeSquare(Object|SelectedElements|SelectedPins)'
- Toggles the setting of the square flag. The flag is used to
- identify a certain pin, normally the first one, of circuits. It is
- also used to make SMD pads have square ends.
- None<Key>q: ChangeSquare(Object)
-
-`Command()'
- Calling *Command()* pops up an input line at the bottom of the
- window which allows you to enter commands. Including all action
- commands! The dialog ends when *None<Key>Return* to confirm or
- *None<Key>Escape* to abort is entered. Default:
- <Key>colon: Command()
-
-`Connection(Find)'
-`Connection(ResetFoundLinesAndRectangles|ResetPinsViasAndPads|Reset)'
- The *Connection()* action is used to mark all connections from one
- pin, line or via to others. The *ResetFoundLinesAndRectangles,
- ResetFoundPinsAndVias* and *Reset* arguments may be used to reset
- all marked lines and rectangles, vias and pins or all of them. The
- search starts with the pin or via at the cursor position. All
- found objects are drawn with the color defined by the resource
- *connectedColor*. See also,
- *Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)*. Default:
- !Shift<Key>c: Connection(Reset)
- None<Key>f: Connection(Find)
- !Shift<Key>f: Connection(Reset)
-
-`DeleteRats(AllRats|SelectedRats)'
- This routine deletes either all rat-lines in the layout, or only
- the selected and visible ones. Non-rat-lines and other layout
- objects are unaffected. Default:
- None<Key>e: DeleteRats(AllRats)
- !Shift<Key>e: DeleteRats(SelectedRats)
-
-`Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)'
-`Display(Toggle45Degree|CycleClip)'
-`Display(Grid|ToggleGrid)'
-`Display(ToggleRubberBandMode)'
-`Display(Center|ClearAndRedraw|Redraw)'
-`Display(Pinout|PinOrPadName)'
- This action routines handles some output related settings. It is
- used to center the display around the cursor location and to
- redraw the output area optionally after clearing the window.
- Centering is done with respect to the *grid* setting. Displaying
- the grid itself may be switched on and off by *Grid* but only if
- the distance between two pixels exceeds 1_DISTANCE pixels. `Pcb'
- is able to handle several labels of an element. One of them is a
- description of the functionality (eg resistor), the second should
- be a unique identifier (R1) whereas the last one is a value (100k).
- The *Display()* action selects which of the names is displayed.
- It also controls which name will be affected by the *ChangeName*
- command. If *ToggleGrid* is passed, `Pcb' changes between relative
- ('rel' in the statusline) and absolute grid (an 'abs' in the
- statusline). Relative grid means the pointer position when the
- command is issued is used as the grid origin; while (0,0) is used
- in the absolute grid case. Passing *Pinout* displays the pinout
- of the element at the current cursor location whereas
- *PinOrPadName* toggles displaying of the pins or pads name under
- the cursor. If none of them matches but the cursor is inside of an
- element, the flags is toggled for all of its pins and pads. For
- details about rubberbands see also the details about *Mode*.
- Default:
- None<Key>c: Display(Center)
- None<Key>d: Display(PinOrPadName)
- !Shift<Key>d: Display(Pinout)
- None<Key>r: Display(ClearAndRedraw)
- None<Key>.: Display(Toggle45Degree)
- None<Key>/: Display(CycleClip)
-
-`DRC()'
- Initiates design rule checking of the entire layout. Must be
- repeated until no errors are found.
-
-`EditLayerGroups()'
- Pops up a dialog box to edit the layergroup setting. The function
- is also available from the *Objects* menu. There are no defaults.
-
-`Load(ElementToBuffer|Layout|LayoutToBuffer|Nelist)'
- This routine pops up a fileselect box to load layout, element data,
- or netlist. The passed filename for layout data is saved and may
- be reused. *ElementToBuffer* and *LayoutToBuffer* load the data
- into the current buffer. There are no defaults.
-
-`MarkCrosshair()'
- This routine marks the current cursor location with an X, and then
- the cursor display shows both absolute position and position
- relative to the mark. If a mark is already present, this routine
- removes it and stops displaying relative cursor coordinates.
- Defaults:
- !Ctrl<key>m: MarkCrosshair()
-
-`Mode(Copy|InsertPoint|Line|Move|None|PasteBuffer|Polygon|Thermal)'
-`Mode(Remove|Rectangle|RubberbandMove|Text|Via)'
-`Mode(Cycle)'
-`Mode(Notify)'
-`Mode(Save|Restore)'
- Switches to a new mode of operation. The active mode is displayed
- by a thick line around the matching mode selector button. Most of
- the functionality of `Pcb' is implemented by selecting a mode and
- calling *Mode(Notify)*. The arguments *Line*, *Polygon*,
- *Rectangle*, *Text* and *Via* are used to create the appropriate
- object whenever *Mode(Notify)* is called. Some of them, such as
- *Polygon*, need more than one call for one object to be created.
- *InsertPoint* adds points to existing polygons or lines. *Save*
- and *Restore* are used to temporarily save the mode, switch to
- another one, call *Mode(Notify)* and restore the saved one. Have a
- look at the application resource file for examples. *Copy* and
- *Move* modes are used to change an object's location and,
- optionally, to create a new one. The first call of *Mode(Notify)*
- attaches the object at the pointer location to the crosshair
- whereas the second one drops it to the layout. The *rubberband*
- version of move performs the move while overriding the current
- rubberband mode. Passing *PasteBuffer* attaches the contents of
- the currently selected buffer to the crosshair. Each call to
- *Mode(Notify)* pastes this contents to the layout. *Mode(Cycle)*
- cycles through the modes available in the mode-button pallete.
- *Mode(None)* switches all modes off. Default:
- <Key>Escape: Mode(None)
- <Key>space: Mode(Cycle)
- None<Key>BackSpace: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
- None<Key>Delete: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
- None<Key>F1: Mode(Via)
- None<Key>F2: Mode(Line)
- None<Key>F3: Mode(PasteBuffer)
- None<Key>F4: Mode(Rectangle)
- None<Key>F5: Mode(Text)
- None<Key>F6: Mode(Polygon)
- None<Key>F7: Mode(Thermal)
- None<Key>F8: Mode(Arc)
- None<Key>Insert: Mode(InsertPoint)
- None<Key>[: Mode(Save) Mode(Move) Mode(Notify)
- None<Key>]: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
- None<Btn1Down>: Mode(Notify)
- !Shift Ctrl<Btn1Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
- None<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(Move) Mode(Notify)
- None<Btn2Up>: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
- !Mod1<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(Copy) Mode(Notify)
- !Mod1<Btn2Up>: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
- Shift Mod1<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(RubberbandMove) Mode(Notify)
-
-`MovePointer(delta_x, delta_y)'
- With this function it is possible to move the crosshair cursor by
- using the cursor keys. The `X' server's pointer follows because
- the necessary events are generated by `Pcb'. All movements are
- performed with respect to the currently set grid value. Default:
- None<Key>Up: MovePointer(0, -1)
- !Shift<Key>Up: MovePointer(0, -10)
- None<Key>Down: MovePointer(0, 1)
- !Shift<Key>Down: MovePointer(0, 10)
- None<Key>Right: MovePointer(1, 0)
- !Shift<Key>Right: MovePointer(10, 0)
- None<Key>Left: MovePointer(-1, 0)
- !Shift<Key>Left: MovePointer(-10, 0)
-
-`MoveToCurrentLayer(Object|SelectedObjects)'
- The function moves a single object at the crosshair location or
- all selected objects to the current layer. Elements are not
- moveable by this function. They have to be deleted and replaced
- on the other side. If a line segment is moved and the movement
- would result in a loss of connectivity to another segment then
- via(s) are automatically added to maintain the connectivity.
- None<Key>m: MoveToCurrentLayer(Object)
- !Shift<Key>m: MoveToCurrentLayer(SelectedObjects)
-
-`New()'
- Clear the current layout and starts a new one after entering its
- name. Refer to the resource *backup* for more information. No
- defaults.
-
-`PasteBuffer(AddSelected|Clear|1..5)'
-`PasteBuffer(Rotate, 1..3)'
-`PasteBuffer(Convert)'
- This action routine controls and selects the pastebuffer as well
- as all cut-and-paste operations. Passing a buffer number selects
- one in of the range 1..5. The statusline is updated with the new
- number. *Rotate* performs a number of 90 degree counter clockwise
- rotations of the buffer contents. *AddSelected* as first argument
- copies all selected and visible objects into the buffer. Passing
- *Clear* removes all objects from the currently selected buffer.
- *Convert* causes the contents of the buffer (lines, arc, vias) to
- be converted into an element definition. Refer to *Note
- Pastebuffer:: for examples. Default:
- !Ctrl<Key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected)
- Mode(PasteBuffer)
- !Shift Ctrl<Key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected)
- RemoveSelected() Mode(PasteBuffer)
- !Mod1<Key>c: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected)
- !Mod1<key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected)
- RemoveSelected()
- !Shift<Key>1: PasteBuffer(1)
- !Shift<Key>2: PasteBuffer(2)
- !Shift<Key>3: PasteBuffer(3)
- !Shift<Key>4: PasteBuffer(4)
- !Shift<Key>5: PasteBuffer(5)
- None<Key>F3: Mode(PasteBuffer)
-
-`Polygon((Close|PreviousPoint)'
- Polygons need a special action routine to make life easier. Calling
- *Polygon(PreviousPoint)* resets the newly entered corner to the
- previous one. The Undo action will call Polygon(PreviousPoint)
- when appropriate to do so. *Close* creates the final segment of
- the polygon. This may fail if clipping to 45 degree lines is
- switched on, in which case a warning is issued. Default:
- None<Key>p: Polygon(Close)
- !Shift<Key>p: Polygon(Close)
-
-`Print()'
- Pops up a print control box that lets you select the output
- device, scaling and many more options. Each run creates all files
- that are supported by the selected device. These are mask files as
- well as drilling files, silk screens and so on. The table shows
- the filenames for all possible files:
- POSIX (extention) 8.3 filename
- ---------------------------------------------
- *_componentmask.* cmsk.*
- *_componentsilk.* cslk.*
- *_soldermask.* smsk.*
- *_soldersilk.* sslk.*
- *_drill.* dril.*
- *_groundplane.* gpl.*
- *_group[1..8].* [..8].*
- The output may be sent to a postprocessor by starting the filename
- with the *pipe* `("|")' character. Any `"%f"' in a command is
- replaced with the current filename. The function is available from
- the *file* menu. There are no defaults.
-
-`Quit()'
- Quits the application after confirming the operation. Default:
- <Message>WM_PROTOCOLS: Quit()
-
-`Redo()'
- This routine allows you to recover from the last undo command.
- You might want to do this if you thought that undo was going to
- revert something other than what it actually did (in case you are
- confused about which operations are un-doable), or if you have
- been backing up through a long undo list and over-shoot your
- stopping point. Any change that is made since the undo in
- question will trim the redo list. For example if you add ten
- lines, then undo three of them you could use redo to put them
- back, but if you move a line on the board before performing the
- redo, you will lose the ability to "redo" the three "undone" lines.
- Default:
- !Shift<Key>r: Redo()
-
-`RemoveSelected()'
- This routine removes all visible and selected objects. There are
- no defaults.
-
-`Report(Object|DrillReport)'
- This routine pops up a dialog box describing the various
- characteristics of an object (or piece of an object such as a pad
- or pin) in the layout at the cursor position, or a report about
- all of the drill holes in the layout. There are no defaults.
-
-`RouteStyle(1|2|3|4)'
- This routine copies the sizes corresponding to the numbered route
- style into the active line thicknes, via diameter, and via drill
- size. Defaults:
- !Ctrl<Key>1: RouteStyle(1)
- ...
- !Ctrl<Key>4: RouteStyle(4)
-
-`Save(Layout|LayoutAs)'
-`Save(AllConnections|AllUnusedPins|ElementConnections)'
- Passing *Layout* saves the layout using the file from which it was
- loaded or, if it is a new layout, calls *Save(LayoutAs)* which
- queries the user for a filename. The values: *AllConnections*,
- *AllUnusedPins* and *ElementConnections* start a connection scan
- and save all connections, all unused pins or the connections of a
- single element to a file. There are no defaults.
-
-`Select(All|Block|Connection|ToggleObject)'
-`Select(ElementByName|ObjectByName|PadByName|PinByName)'
-`Select(TextByName|ViaByName)'
- Toggles either the selection flag of the object at the crosshair
- position (*ToggleObject*) or selects all visible objects, all
- inside a rectangle or all objects which have been found during the
- last connection scan. The *ByName* functions use a regular
- expression search, always case insensitive, to select the objects.
- Default:
- None<Btn3Down>: Select(ToggleObject)
- None<Btn3Down>,None<Btn3Motion>: See resource file - this is complex
-
-`SetValue(Grid|LineSize|TextScale|ViaDrillingHole|ViaSize|Zoom, value)'
- Some internal values may be changed online by this function. The
- first parameter specifies which data has to be changed. The other
- one determines if the resource is set to the passed value, if
- *value* is specified without sign, or increments/decrements if it
- is specified with a plus or minus sign. The function doesn't
- change any existing object only the initial values of new objects.
- Use the *ChangeSize()* and *ChangeDrillSize()* to change existing
- objects. Default:
- None<Key>g: SetValue(Grid, +5)
- !Shift<Key>g: SetValue(Grid, -5)
- None<Key>l: SetValue(LineSize, +5)
- !Shift<Key>l: SetValue(LineSize, -5)
- None<Key>t: SetValue(TextScale, +10)
- !Shift<Key>t: SetValue(TextScale, -10)
- None<Key>v: SetValue(ViaSize, +5)
- !Shift<Key>v: SetValue(ViaSize, -5)
- !Mod1<Key>v: SetValue(ViaDrillingHole, +5)
- !Mod1 Shift<Key>v: SetValue(ViaDrillingHole, -5)
- None<Key>z: SetValue(Zoom, -1)
- !Shift<Key>z: SetValue(Zoom, +1)
-
-`SwapSides()'
- This routine changes the board side you are viewing. Default:
- None<Key>Tab: SwapSides()
-
-`SwitchDrawingLayer(value)'
- Makes layer numer 1..8 the current one. Default:
- None<Key>1: SwitchDrawingLayer(1)
- ...
- None<Key>8: SwitchDrawingLayer(8)
-
-`ToggleHideName(Object|SelectedElements)'
- Toggles whether the element's name is displayed or hidden. If it
- is hidden you won't see it on the screen and it will not appear on
- the silk layer when you print the layout.
- None<Key>h: ToggleHideName(Object)
- !Shift<Key>h: ToggleHideName(SelectedElements)
-
-`Undo()'
-`Undo(ClearList)'
- The unlimited undo feature of `Pcb' allows you to recover from
- most operations that materially affect you work. Calling *Undo()*
- without any parameter recovers from the last (non-undo) operation.
- *ClearList* is used to release the allocated memory. *ClearList*
- is called whenever a new layout is started or loaded. See also
- *Redo*. Default:
- None<Key>u: Undo()
- !Shift Ctrl<Key>u: Undo(ClearList)
-
-`Unselect(All|Block|Connection)'
- Unselects all visible objects, all inside a rectangle or all
- objects which have been found during the last connection scan.
- Default:
- !Shift <Btn3Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(None) Unselect(Block)
- !Shift <Btn3Up>: Unselect(Block) Mode(Restore)
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Translations, Prev: Actions, Up: X11 Interface
-
-Default Translations
-====================
-
- This section covers some default translations of key and button
-events as defined in the shipped default application resource file.
-Most of them have already been listed in *Note Actions::. `Pcb' makes
-use of a nice `X11' feature; calling several action routines for one
-event.
-
-`None<Key>BackSpace:'
-
-`None<key>Delete:'
-`!Shift<Key>BackSpace:'
-`!Shift Ctrl<Btn1Down>:'
- The object at the cursor location is removed by
- *None<Key>BackSpace* or *Shift Ctrl<Btn1Down>* whereas
- *Shift<Key>BackSpace* also removes all other objects that are
- fully-connected to the one at the cursor location.
-
-`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Left:'
-`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Right:'
-`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Up:'
-`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Down:'
- Scroll one page in one of the four directions.
-
-`None<Key>Left:, !Shift<Key>Left:'
-`None<Key>Right:, !Shift<Key>Right:'
-`None<Key>Up:, !Shift<Key>Up:'
-`None<Key>Down:, !Shift<Key>Down:'
- Move crosshair either one or ten points in grid.
-
-`None<Key>Return:'
- Finished user input, selects the 'default' button of dialogs.
-
-`None<Key>Escape:'
- *Mode(Reset)*, aborts user input, selects the 'abort' button of
- dialogs or resets all modes.
-
-`None<Btn2Down>, Btn2<Motion>, None<Btn2Up>:'
-`!Mod1<Btn2Down>, Btn2<Motion>, !Mod1<Btn2Up>:'
- The first sequence moves the object or element name at the cursor
- location. The second one copies the objects. Copying isn't
- available for element names.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: File Formats, Next: Installation, Prev: X11 Interface, Up: Top
-
-File Formats
-************
-
- All files used by `Pcb' are read from the standard output of a
-command or written to the standard input of one as plain seven bit
-`ASCII'. This makes it possible to use any editor to change the
-contents of a layout file. It is the only way for element or font
-description files to be created. To do so you'll need to study the
-example files `example/*' and `default_font' which are shipped with
-`Pcb'. For an overview refer to *Note Intro::.
-
- The following sections provide the necessary information about the
-syntax of the files. Netlist files are not created by `Pcb', but it
-does use them. For information on the format of a netlist file see the
-*:rn*, *Note User Commands::. Rat lines are added on the current layer
-using the current The commands described allow you to add almost any
-additional functionality you may need. Examples are compressed read and
-write access as well as archives. The commands themselves are defined
-by the resources *elementCommand*, *fileCommand*, *fontCommand*,
-*libraryCommand*, *libraryContentsCommand* and *saveCommand*. Note
-that the commands are not saved along with the data. It is considered
-an advantage to have the layout file contain all necessary information,
-independent of any other files.
-
- One thing common to all files is they may include comments, newlines,
-and carriage returns at any place except within quoted strings.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Basic Types:: Basic types used by all data files.
-* Layout File::
-* Element File::
-* Font File::
-* Library Contents File::
-* Library File::
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Basic Types, Next: Layout File, Up: File Formats
-
-Basic Types
-===========
-
- Here are the basic type definitions used in the other sections of
-this chapter.
-
- Description = Name
- DeltaAngle = Number
- DrillingHole = Number
- Flags = Number
- FontPosition = Number
- Grid = Number
- GridOffsetX = Number
- GridOffsetY = Number
- Group = GroupMember [,GroupMember]...
- GroupMember = decimal | [cs]
- GroupString = """ Group [:Group]... """
- StyleString = """ Style [:Style]... """
- Height = Number
- LayerNumber = Number
- LayoutName = Name
- Name = quoted_string
- Number = decimal | hex
- PinNumber = quoted_string
- Spacing = Number
- StartAngle = Number
- SymbolID = Number | charconst
- Thickness = Number
- TextData = quoted_string
- TextFlags = Flags
- TextScale = scale
- TextX = Number
- TextY = Number
- Value = Name
- Width = Number
- X = Number
- X1 = Number
- X2 = Number
- Y = Number
- Y1 = Number
- Y2 = Number
- charconst = "'" <any character> "'"
- comment = "#" {<any character up to a newline>}...
- decimal = [0-9]+
- direction = [0-3]
- hex = 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+
- scale = [1-<positive integer>]
- quoted_string = """ <anything except \n and \r> """
- zoom = [0-MAX]
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Layout File, Next: Element File, Prev: Basic Types, Up: File Formats
-
-Layout File Format
-==================
-
- The layout file describes a complete layout including symbols, vias,
-elements and layers with lines, rectangles and text. This is the most
-complex file of all.
-
- File = Header Font PCBData
- Header = PCBName [GridData] [CursorData] [PCBFlags] [Groups]
- PCBName = "PCB(" Name Width Height ")"
- GridData = "Grid(" Grid GridOffsetX GridOffsetY ")"
- CursorData = "Cursor(" X Y zoom ")"
- PCBFlags = "Flags(" Flags ")"
- Groups = "Groups(" GroupString ")"
- Styles = "Styles(" StyleString ")"
- Font = {FontData}...
- FontData = {Symbol}...
- Symbol = "Symbol(" SymbolID Spacing ")"
- "(" {SymbolData}... ")"
- SymbolData = {SymbolLine}...
- SymbolLine = "SymbolLine(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness ")"
- PCBData = {Via | Layer | Element}...
-
- Via = "Via(" X Y Thickness DrillingHole Name Flags ")"
-
- Element = "Element(" Flags Description LayoutName Value \
- TextX TextY direction scale TextFlags")"
- "(" {ElementData}... [Mark] ")"
- ElementData = {ElementLine | Pad | Pin | ElementArc }...
- ElementArc = "ElementArc(" X Y Width Height
- StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness ")"
- ElementLine = "ElementLine(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness ")"
- Mark = "Mark(" X Y ")"
- Pad = "Pad(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Name PinNumber Flags")"
- Pin = "Pin(" X Y Thickness DrillingHole Name PinNumber Flags ")"
-
- Layer = "Layer(" LayerNumber Name ")"
- "(" {LayerData}... ")"
- LayerData = {Line | Polygon | Text}...
- Line = "Line(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Flags")"
- Arc = "Arc(" X Y Width Height StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness Flags")"
- Polygon = "Polygon(" Flags ")" \
- "(" {Points}... ")"
- Points = "(" X Y ")"
- Text = "Text(" X Y direction scale TextData Flags")"
-
-`PCBName'
- is used to define the layout's name which is independent of its
- filename. It is displayed in the lower left corner of the main
- window.
-
-`GridData'
- is optional and is used to save the grid setting and offset which
- were set at the time the layout was saved.
-
-`CursorData'
- also is an optional parameter to save the last cursor location and
- zoom value. The real zoom factor is calculated by scale = 1:(2
- power value).
-
-`PCBFlags'
- determine how to draw lines and which name of the elements should
- be displayed.
- bit 4: do rubberband moves and rotates if set
- bit 5: display description of elements if set
- bit 6: display unique name of an element if set
- bit 7: use absolute grid if set
- bit 8: don't clip lines to 45 degrees
-
-`Groups'
- Layergroups are saved by using this optional parameter. The only
- way of changing them is to use an editor and alter the appropriate
- line. The characters *c,s* idenify the component- and solder-side
- for SMD objects.
-
-`Symbol'
- See the description of font files in this chapter.
-
-`Via'
- Vias are always connected to all layers which also means vias are
- one logical level ahead of layers. Vias are defined by position,
- size, name and by some flags.
- bit 0: always clear
- bit 1: always set
- bit 2: set if via was found during a connection search
- bit 4: set if via is a hole (has no copper annulus)
- bit 5: display the vias name
- bit 6: via has been selected
- bit 12: set if via has octagonal shape
- Other bits have special meaning and should not be changed
- by the user. See const.h for more information
-
-`Element'
- See the description of element files in this chapter.
-
-`Layer'
- A layer is the central object from the user's point of view. It
- holds all connections and all text objects. Up to 8 may be used
- individually. Its number, starting with one, and its name are
- read as arguments.
-
- `Line'
- All lines are identified by their start and endpoints
- together with their thickness and some flags. They have to
- fit a 45 degree scheme.
- bit 2: set if line was found during a connection search
- bit 4: line is a rat-line
- bit 6: line has been selected
-
- `Polygon'
- used to fill a larger area with `copper'. The coordinates
- specify the corners. The flags are:
- bit 2: set if polygon was found during a connection search
- bit 4: polygon is a 1.5 style polygon that automatically clears pins
- bit 6: polygon has been selected
-
- `Text'
- You may use text objects to add information to your board. An
- example would be naming a connector or marking pin one of it.
- The position marks the lower left corner of the string which
- is also a fixpoint for rotations. Text directions are
- independent to those of lines. They are counted from zero to
- three with a meaning of zero to 270 degree rotations
- counter-clockwise. The scaling value is a positive integer
- which determines a zoom factor in percent.
- bit 6: the text has been selected
- bit 7: the text is on the solder (back) side of the board
- bit 10: the text is on the silkscreen layer
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Element File, Next: Font File, Prev: Layout File, Up: File Formats
-
-Element File Format
-===================
-
- Element files are used to describe one component which then may be
-used several times within one or more layouts. You will normally split
-the file into two parts, one for the pinout and one for the package
-description. Using `m4' allows you to define pin names as macros in
-one file and include a package description file which evaluates the
-macros. See the resource *elementCommand* for more information. The
-pins (and pads) must appear in squential order in the element file (new
-in 1.5) so that pin 1 must be the first PIN(...) in the file.
-
- Doing things this way makes it possible to use one package file for
-several different circuits. See the sample files `dil*'.
-
- The lowest x and y coordinates of all subobjects of an element are
-used as an attachment point for the crosshair cursor of the main window.
-
- File = {Element}...
- Element = "Element(" Flags Description LayoutName Value \
- TextX TextY direction scale TextFlags")"
- "(" {ElementData}... [Mark] ")"
- ElementData = {ElementLine | Pad | Pin | ElementArc }...
- ElementArc = "ElementArc(" X Y Width Height
- StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness ")"
- ElementLine = "ElementLine(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness ")"
- Mark = "Mark(" X Y ")"
- Pad = "Pad(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Name PinNumber Flags ")"
- Pin = "Pin(" X Y Thickness DrillingHole Name PinNumber Flags ")"
-
-`Element'
- Objects of type element are determined by flags, some names, a
- canonical and a layout name as well as a value. Additional fields
- are text position, their direction counted from zero to three (n *
- 90 degrees counter-clockwise) and element data.
-
- `Flags'
- The flag field determines the state of an element. The bit
- values are:
- bit 4: the element name is hidden
- bit 6: element has been selected
- bit 7: element is located on the solder side
-
- `TextFlags'
- `scale'
- `direction'
- See the description of text object earlier in this chapter.
-
- `ElementLine'
- A line is defined by its start and end points and by its
- size, or width.
-
- `ElementArc'
- Defines an arc by its center, width, height, startangle, its
- length in degrees and its size. Remember the y axis on the
- screen grows downwards.
-
- `Mark'
- is just a hint to make positioning easier. The crosshair will
- be positioned here. Its center is passed as the two arguments.
-
- `Pad'
- A pad is very similar to a line except it may not be
- disconnected from its element and it has an associated name.
- Is is defined by two end point position, size, name and by
- some flags.
- bit 2: set if pad was found during a connection search
- bit 5: display the pads name
- bit 6: pad has been selected
- bit 7: pad is located on the solder side
-
- `Pin'
- A pin is very similar to a via except it may not be
- disconnected from its element.
- bit 0: always set
- bit 1: always clear
- bit 2: set if pin was found during a connection search
- bit 3: set if pin is only a mounting hole (no copper annulus)
- bit 5: display the pins name
- bit 6: pin has been selected
- bit 8: pin is drawn as a square
- bit 12: set if pin is drawn with an octagonal shape
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Font File, Next: Library Contents File, Prev: Element File, Up: File Formats
-
-Font File Format
-================
-
- A number of user defined symbols are called a font. There is only
-one per layout. All symbols are made of lines. See the file
-`default_font' as an example.
-
- The lowest x and y coordinates of all lines of a font are
-transformed to (0,0).
-
- File = Font
- Font = {FontData}...
- FontData = {Symbol}...
- Symbol = "Symbol(" SymbolID FontPosition ")"
- "(" {SymbolData}... ")"
- SymbolData = {SymbolLine}...
-
-`Symbol'
- The two arguments are the `ASCII' code of the symbol and its
- distance to the next symbol. Undefined symbols are drawn as filled
- rectangles. The `ASCII' code may be passed as a character
- constant or as a hexadecimal value.
-
- `SymbolLine'
- The symbol data itself is made up of several entries of type
- *SymbolLine*.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Library Contents File, Next: Library File, Prev: Font File, Up: File Formats
-
-Library Contents File Format
-============================
-
- There is nothing like a special library format. The ones that have
-been introduced in 1.4.1 just use some nice (and time consuming)
-fetures of GNU `m4'. The only predefined format is the one of the
-contents file which is read during startup. It is made up of two basic
-line types:
-
- menu entry = "TYPE="name
- contents line = template":"package":"value":"description
- name = String
- template = String
- package = String
- value = String
- description = String
- String = <anything except ":", "\n" and "\r">
-
- No leading whitespaces or comments are allowed in this file. If you
-need either one, define a command that removes them before loading.
-Have a look to the *libraryContentsCommand* resource.
-
- The menu entry will appear in the selection menu at the top and of
-the library window.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Library File, Prev: Library Contents File, Up: File Formats
-
-Library File Format
-===================
-
- This section provides an overview about the existing `m4' definitions
-of the elements. There are basically two different types of files. One
-to define element specific data like the pinout, package and so on, the
-other to define the values. For example the static RAM circuits 43256
-and 62256 are very similar. They therefore share a common definition in
-the macro file but are defined with two different value labels.
-
- The macro file entry:
- define(`Description_43256_dil', `SRAM 32Kx8')
- define(`Param1_43256_dil', 28)
- define(`Param2_43256_dil', 600)
- define(`PinList_43256_dil', ``pin1', `pin2', ...')
-
- And the list file:
- 43256_dil:N:43256:62256
-
- The macro must define a description, the pin list and up to two
-additional parameters that are passed to the package definitions. The
-first one is the number of pins whereas the second one defines for
-example the width of a package.
-
- It is very important to select a unique identifier for each macro. In
-the example this would be *43256_dil* which is also the templates name.
-It is required by some low-level macros that *Description_, Param1_,
-Param2_* and *PinList_* are prepended.
-
- The list file uses a syntax:
- template:package:value[:more values]
-
- This means that the shown example will create two element entries
-with the sam package and pinout but with different names.
-
- A number of packages are defined in `common.m4'. Included are:
-
- DIL packages with suffix D, DW, J, JD, JG, N, NT, P
- PLCC
- TO3
- generic connectors
- DIN 41.612 connectors
- zick-zack (SD suffix)
- 15 pin multiwatt
-
- If you are going to start your own library please take care about
-`m4' functions. Be aware of quoting and so on and, most important check
-your additional entry by calling the macro:
-
- CreateObject(`template', `value', `package suffix')
-
- If quoting is incorrect an endless loop may occur (broken by a
-out-of-memory message).
-
- The scripts in the `lib' directory handle the creation of libraries
-as well as of their contents files. Querying is also supported.
-
- I know quite well that this description of the library
-implementation is not what some out there expect. But in my opinion
-it's much more useful to look at the comments and follow the macros
-step by step.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Installation, Prev: File Formats, Up: Top
-
-Installation and Troubleshooting
-********************************
-
- Compiling and installing the package should be straightforward. If
-any problems occur, please contact the author
-(Thomas.Nau@rz.uni-ulm.de) to find a solution and include it into the
-next release.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* compiling:: Compiling and installing.
-* problems:: Troubleshooting.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: compiling, Next: problems, Up: Installation
-
-Compiling and Installing
-========================
-
- This section covers the steps which are necessary to compile the
-package.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* config.h:: Editing `config.h' options.
-* manuals:: Creating the man page, info file and this manual.
-* make:: Creating the `Makefile', compiling and installing.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: config.h, Next: manuals, Up: compiling
-
-Editing config.h
-----------------
-
- Most `X11' related options are automatically covered by `imake'
-which is called from `xmkmf'. The ones special to `Pcb' have to be
-edited in `config.h'. In order of appearance:
-
-`INFOLIBDIR'
- must be set to the directory where your GNU info files are located.
-
-`/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb'
- is the path of a directory where the font files will be installed.
-
-`DEFAULTFONT'
- the name of the default font file.
-
-`DEFAULTLIBRARY'
- the name of the default library.
-
-`gm4'
- the name of GNUs m4 version.
-
-`Mod1'
- If your window manager has already bound *Mod1* together with some
- function keys you may want to change this setting. This is true
- for HP-VUE.
-
-`EXTRA_INCLUDES'
- Some systems do not have the Athena Widget include files in their
- normal place as configured by `X11's config files. Define this as
- follows:
- EXTRA_INCLUDES = -I/usr/openwin/share/include
- This is probably true for Suns which use `OpenWindows'.
-
-`PATCHES'
- This symbol is passed to the compiler. Use it to define additional
- compiler flags. Add the *-DNEED_STRDUP* flag, if your system does
- not have a strdup() library function.
-
-`HAS_REGEX'
- Set to *-DHAS_REGEX* if your system supports regular expressions.
- This enables the actions *Select(*ByName)*.
-
-`EXITCALL'
- The symbol *EXITCALL* should be defined according to the *call on
- exit* functions supported by your system. There are three choices:
- EXITCALL = -DHAS_ATEXIT if atexit() is supported (SYSV)
- EXITCALL = -DHAS_ON_EXIT if on_exit() and no atexit() is supported
- EXITCALL = if none of them is supported
- Please check your manpages for details.
-
-`SYS_LIBRARIES'
- This symbol is used to pass additional libraries to the linker.
- The only additional libraries which are used are the math and lex
- library.
-
- If you have to make system dependent changes please include them
-into a *#ifdef Architecture* ... *#endif* construct and mail a copy to
-the author (Thomas.Nau@rz.uni-ulm.de).
-
- Now run `xmkmf -a' which creates the `Makefiles' and runs `make
-depend'. This should finish without any problems except some systems
-which complain about missing include files. Don't worry about any such
-warnings at this time, the package should compile without any problems.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: manuals, Next: make, Prev: config.h, Up: compiling
-
-Manuals
--------
-
- After `xmkmf -a' has created the new `Makefile' you are able to
-create the manpages, the application resource, the info file, the `TeX'
-output and a reference card by executing
- (cd doc; make)
- (cd src; make Pcb.ad)
- You'll need `TeX', `texindex' and, if you want `PostScript', `dvips'
-to build the manuals. Preformatted documentation for the default
-configuration may be found in the `./doc.ps' directory. A simple
-*make* builds everything. Generate a printed copy to make your life
-easier. `TeX-3.0' failed, `TeX-3.14' worked just fine.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: make, Prev: manuals, Up: compiling
-
-Compiling the Package
----------------------
-
- After reaching this point, it is time for `make'. It should build
-everything without any errors. If it doesn't refer to *Note problems::.
-
- You have to be root to install the package or at least a user with
-the appropriate priveleges in some `X11' directories. Set the umask to
-*022* or else some files will not be found because the directory isn't
-world readable.
-
- If you do not have the appropriate permissions you should run
-`./pcbtest.sh' in the `src' directory to run `Pcb' from the
-installation directory.
-
- `make install' and `make install.man' install the program, the
-fonts, the application default resource file, all element and package
-data as well as the manpage into the `X11' directories. `make
-install.info' does the same for the `GNU' info file.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: problems, Prev: compiling, Up: Installation
-
-Troubleshooting
-===============
-
- There are some known problems. Most of them are related to missing
-parts of a standard `X11' distribution. Some others are caused by third
-party applications such as `X' servers. To make this list more complete
-please mail your problems and, if available, solutions to the author.
-The mail address may be found at the beginning of this chapter. In any
-case, read *Note X11::.
-
- By the way, you `MUST HAVE AN ANSI COMPILER' to make `Pcb' work.
-
- If the shell script `create_sed_script.sh' fails with an error of
-`awk' check your system for `nawk' or get the `GNU gawk'. See the
-script for details.
-
- Another source of problems are older versions of `flex' and `bison'.
-`Pcb' definitely works with `flex-2.4.7' and `bison-1.22' or later. The
-problems will result in a *syntax error* while parsing files. You will
-have to add *-lfl* to the SYS_LIBRARIES identifier in `Imakefile'. See
-also, *Note FreeBSD::.
-
- The following list gives you just an idea because I'm not able to
-test all `Pcb' releases on all platforms.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* HP:: Hewlett-Packard series 700 and 800 running HP-UX 10.*
-* Sun:: Sun, Solaris 2.5
-* SGI:: SGI, IRIX 5.3 and 6.*
-* DEC Alpha:: DEC Alpha, DEC UNIX 3.2c and 4.0
-* SCO:: SCO Unix ODT 3.0, PC hardware
-* Linux:: Linux 0.99pl14 and later
-* FreeBSD:: FreeBSD, NetBSD ...
-* X11:: Refers to `X11R4', `X11R5', and `OpenWindows'
-* TeX and Manuals:: Problems creating the `pcb.dvi'
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: HP, Next: Sun, Up: problems
-
-HP Series 700 and 800
----------------------
-
- You have to install several `X11' tools (`imake') and include files
-or, better, install a complete `X11R5' release. Hewlett-Packard doesn't
-support the Athena Widgets. So the header files and libraries are
-missing from the application media, but they are available as a patch.
-They also do not ship the `ANSI' compiler with the normal operating
-system release so you have to buy one or use `GCC'. Some of the tools
-are available as patches.
-
- In addition, `Pcb' has been successfully tested on these platforms
-with `HPUX 9.*, 10.*' running self-compiled `X11R5'.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Sun, Next: SGI, Prev: HP, Up: problems
-
-Sun SPARC architecture
-----------------------
-
- There are no known problems with Sun machines if they use `X11R5'
-instead of `OpenWindows'. `Pcb' compiled successfully with all kinds of
-SPARCstations `Solaris-2.[345]'.
-
- For problems with `OpenWindows' refer to *Note X11::.
-
- If `xmkmf' is missing, try
- /usr/openwin/bin/imake -DUseInstalled -I/usr/openwin/lib/config
- make Makefile
- make includes
- make depend
- instead. I got it compiled but the linker complained about missing
-symbols. The problem may be related to the mixed `OpenWindows' -
-`X11R5' environment which is installed on the test machine. Anyway the
-code was executable and I haven't got a core yet.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: SGI, Next: DEC Alpha, Prev: Sun, Up: problems
-
-Silicon Graphics
-----------------
-
- `Pcb' has been tested on some boxes running either `IRIX-4.0.5' or
-`IRIX-5.3'. The former one uses a `X11R4' server. There are no
-problems except some additionally needed compiler flags. For known
-problems with `X11R4', see *Note X11::. Check `Imakefile', too.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: DEC Alpha, Next: SCO, Prev: SGI, Up: problems
-
-DEC Alpha
----------
-
- `Pcb' compiled and runs without problems on `DEC UNIX V3.2c' if you
-do the following instead of calling `xmkmf -a':
- xmkmf
- make Makefiles
- make includes
- make depend
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: SCO, Next: Linux, Prev: DEC Alpha, Up: problems
-
-SCO Unix
---------
-
- John DuBois <spcecdt@deeptht.armory.com> wrote:
- `SCO-ODT-3.0' requires the latest version of tls003, the Athena
- widget library (available from sosco.sco.com). The main problems
- I have encountered are it core dumps fairly often, especially
- while loading/dropping elements...
- I'll see what I am able to do as soon as I have access to an `SCO'
-system.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: Linux, Next: FreeBSD, Prev: SCO, Up: problems
-
-Linux
------
-
- Since the `X11' version of `Pcb' has been developed on a Linux
-system here are no known problems.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: FreeBSD, Next: X11, Prev: Linux, Up: problems
-
-FreeBSD and NetBSD
-------------------
-
- If `Pcb' complains about syntax errors even in the demo files get
-rid of your `lex' and `yacc' implementation. Replace them by `GNU flex'
-and `bison'. Don't forget to change the SYS_LIBRARIES in `Imakefile'
-from *-ll* to *-lfl*. You also need to define:
- YACC = bison -y
- LEX = flex
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: X11, Next: TeX and Manuals, Prev: FreeBSD, Up: problems
-
-Problems related to X11
------------------------
-
- There are a some problems related to `X11R4' or systems derived from
-`X11' such as `OpenWindows'. *Note Sun::. You at least have to change
-all occurances of *baseTranslations* in the resource files to
-*translations* if you are using a `X11R4' server. Look at the `X11R5'
-*Intrinsics* manual for details.
-
- The panner widget (print dialog box) appears only in release `X11R5'
-and later. It really simplifies adjusting the offsets. With earlier
-releases the printout will always appear in the center of the page.
-
- You may have some problems in a mixed `X11-OpenWindows' environment.
-If you want to try it anyway you have to add an additional path for
-include files and define another symbol in `Imakefile',
- EXTRA_INCLUDES = -I/usr/openwin/include
-
- `Pcb' has been tested successfully with `X11R6' under Linux 1.1.59
-and later.
-
-
-File: pcb.info, Node: TeX and Manuals, Prev: X11, Up: problems
-
-Problems related to TeX
------------------------
-
- If your `TeX' installation complains about a missing `texinfo.tex'
-file copy the one included in this release (directory `doc' to your
-`TeX' macro directory. Note, there are probably newer versions of this
-file available from some FTP sites. `TeX-3.0' failed, `TeX-3.14'
-worked just fine. Check our FTP server *ftp.uni-ulm.de* for
-ready-to-print versions of the manuals.
-
-Index of Resources
-******************
-
-* Menu:
-
-* /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb: config.h.
-* absoluteGrid: Resources.
-* alignmentDistance: Resources.
-* allDirectionLines <1>: Resources.
-* allDirectionLines: Options.
-* backupInterval <1>: Resources.
-* backupInterval: Options.
-* bloat: Resources.
-* charactersPerLine <1>: Resources.
-* charactersPerLine: Options.
-* connectedColor: Resources.
-* crosshairColor: Resources.
-* default font: Options.
-* DEFAULTFONT: config.h.
-* DEFAULTLIBRARY: config.h.
-* elementColor: Resources.
-* elementCommand <1>: File Formats.
-* elementCommand <2>: Resources.
-* elementCommand: Options.
-* elementContentsCommand: Resources.
-* elementPath: Resources.
-* elementSelectedColor: Resources.
-* EXITCALL: config.h.
-* EXTRA_INCLUDES: config.h.
-* fileCommand <1>: Options.
-* fileCommand <2>: File Formats.
-* fileCommand: Resources.
-* filePath: Resources.
-* fontCommand <1>: Options.
-* fontCommand <2>: File Formats.
-* fontCommand: Resources.
-* fontFile <1>: Options.
-* fontFile: Resources.
-* fontPath: Resources.
-* gm4: config.h.
-* grid: Resources.
-* gridColor: Resources.
-* HAS_REGEX: config.h.
-* INFOLIBDIR: config.h.
-* invisibleObjectsColor: Resources.
-* layerColor: Resources.
-* layerGroups <1>: Options.
-* layerGroups: Resources.
-* layerName: Resources.
-* layerSelectedColor: Resources.
-* libraryCommand <1>: Options.
-* libraryCommand <2>: File Formats.
-* libraryCommand: Resources.
-* libraryContentsCommand <1>: File Formats.
-* libraryContentsCommand: Options.
-* libraryFilename <1>: Options.
-* libraryFilename: Resources.
-* libraryPath <1>: Options.
-* libraryPath: Resources.
-* lineThickness: Resources.
-* media: Resources.
-* Mod1: config.h.
-* offLimitColor: Resources.
-* PATCHES: config.h.
-* pinColor: Resources.
-* pinoutFont0..4: Resources.
-* pinoutNameLength <1>: Options.
-* pinoutNameLength: Resources.
-* pinoutOffsetX: Resources.
-* pinoutOffsetY: Resources.
-* pinoutTextOffsetX: Resources.
-* pinoutTextOffsetY: Resources.
-* pinoutZoom <1>: Resources.
-* pinoutZoom: Options.
-* pinSelectedColor: Resources.
-* printCommand: Resources.
-* raiseLogWindow: Resources.
-* ratCommand: Resources.
-* ratPath: Resources.
-* resetAfterElement <1>: Options.
-* resetAfterElement: Resources.
-* ringBellWhenFinished <1>: Resources.
-* ringBellWhenFinished: Options.
-* routeStyle <1>: Resources.
-* routeStyle: Options.
-* rubberBandMode: Resources.
-* saveCommand <1>: Options.
-* saveCommand <2>: File Formats.
-* saveCommand: Resources.
-* saveInTMP <1>: Options.
-* saveInTMP: Resources.
-* saveLastCommand <1>: Resources.
-* saveLastCommand: Options.
-* shrink: Resources.
-* size <1>: Options.
-* size: Resources.
-* stipplePolygons: Resources.
-* SYS_LIBRARIES: config.h.
-* textScale: Resources.
-* useLogWindow: Resources.
-* viaColor: Resources.
-* viaDrillingHole: Resources.
-* viaSelectedColor: Resources.
-* viaThickness: Resources.
-* volume <1>: Options.
-* volume: Resources.
-* warnColor: Resources.
-* zoom: Resources.
-
-Index of Actions, Commands and Options
-**************************************
-
-* Menu:
-
-* +alldirections: Options.
-* +reset: Options.
-* +ring: Options.
-* +s: Options.
-* +save: Options.
-* -alldirections: Options.
-* -backup: Options.
-* -c: Options.
-* -copyright: Special Options.
-* -fontfile: Options.
-* -help: Special Options.
-* -lelement: Options.
-* -lfile: Options.
-* -lfont: Options.
-* -lg: Options.
-* -libname: Options.
-* -libpath: Options.
-* -llib: Options.
-* -llibcont: Options.
-* -loggeometry: Options.
-* -pnl: Options.
-* -pz: Options.
-* -reset: Options.
-* -ring: Options.
-* -rs: Options.
-* -s: Options.
-* -save: Options.
-* -sfile: Options.
-* -size: Options.
-* -v: Options.
-* -version: Special Options.
-* :actionCommand(): User Commands.
-* :l: User Commands.
-* :le: User Commands.
-* :m: User Commands.
-* :q: User Commands.
-* :rn: User Commands.
-* :s: User Commands.
-* :w[q]: User Commands.
-* AddRats(): Actions.
-* Atomic(): Actions.
-* Bell(): Actions.
-* ChangeDrillSize(): Actions.
-* ChangeHole(): Actions.
-* ChangeName(): Actions.
-* ChangeOctagon(): Actions.
-* ChangeSize(): Actions.
-* ChangeSquare(): Actions.
-* Command(): Actions.
-* Connection(): Actions.
-* DeleteRats(): Actions.
-* Display(): Actions.
-* DRC(): Actions.
-* EditLayerGroups(): Actions.
-* Load(): Actions.
-* MarkCrosshair(): Actions.
-* Mode(): Actions.
-* MovePointer(): Actions.
-* MoveToCurrentLayer(): Actions.
-* New(): Actions.
-* PasteBuffer(): Actions.
-* Polygon(): Actions.
-* Print(): Actions.
-* Quit(): Actions.
-* Redo(): Actions.
-* RemoveSelected(): Actions.
-* Report(): Actions.
-* RouteStyle(): Actions.
-* Save(): Actions.
-* Select(): Actions.
-* SetValue(): Actions.
-* SwapSides(): Actions.
-* SwitchDrawingLayer(): Actions.
-* ToggleHideName(): Actions.
-* Undo(): Actions.
-* Unselect(): Actions.
-
-Index of Concepts
-*****************
-
-* Menu:
-
-* /tmp <1>: Options.
-* /tmp <2>: Loading and Saving.
-* /tmp: Resources.
-* about, command button: Menu.
-* action command: User Commands.
-* actions: Actions.
-* Actions, initiating: User Commands.
-* alignment: Resources.
-* alignment targets: Printing.
-* Alpha: DEC Alpha.
-* arc: Arc Objects.
-* arc, an example: Arcs.
-* architecture <1>: SCO.
-* architecture <2>: Linux.
-* architecture <3>: Sun.
-* architecture <4>: DEC Alpha.
-* architecture <5>: SGI.
-* architecture: HP.
-* ASCII files, format of: File Formats.
-* Atari version: History.
-* atomic: Actions.
-* backup <1>: Options.
-* backup <2>: Loading and Saving.
-* backup <3>: Resources.
-* backup <4>: Options.
-* backup: Resources.
-* basic types: Basic Types.
-* bell: Actions.
-* bloat: Resources.
-* buffer, an example: Pastebuffer.
-* buffer, convert contents to element: Elements.
-* buffer, popup menu: Menu.
-* buffer, selecting a: Actions.
-* button translations: Actions.
-* cat: Resources.
-* centering: Actions.
-* change active layer: Control Panel.
-* change drawing layer: Actions.
-* change object name: Actions.
-* change settings: Actions.
-* change sizes: Actions.
-* change square flag: Actions.
-* change viewing side: Actions.
-* characters per line <1>: Resources.
-* characters per line: Options.
-* clipping lines to 45 degree <1>: Resources.
-* clipping lines to 45 degree: Actions.
-* clipping of lines: Options.
-* closing a polygon: Actions.
-* color printout: Printing.
-* color, warning: Resources.
-* colors: Resources.
-* command-line options: Command-Line Options.
-* compile, how to: compiling.
-* config.h: config.h.
-* connection, removing an: Translations.
-* connections, colors: Resources.
-* connections, creating list of: Connection Lists.
-* connections, popup menu: Menu.
-* connections, reseting: Actions.
-* connections, reseting after element <1>: Resources.
-* connections, reseting after element: Options.
-* connections, searching for: Actions.
-* control panel: Control Panel.
-* copy an object: Translations.
-* copying objects: Actions.
-* copying, an example: Moving and Copying.
-* copyright: Special Options.
-* creating objects: Common.
-* cursor color: Resources.
-* cursor movements: Actions.
-* cursor position: Actions.
-* cursor steps: Resources.
-* cutting objects: Actions.
-* DEC: DEC Alpha.
-* default font <1>: Options.
-* default font: Resources.
-* default layout size: Resources.
-* default library: Resources.
-* default text scaling: Resources.
-* default translations: Translations.
-* design rule checking <1>: Actions.
-* design rule checking: Design Rule Checking.
-* device, selecting an output: Printing.
-* directory /tmp <1>: Options.
-* directory /tmp <2>: Loading and Saving.
-* directory /tmp: Resources.
-* display: Resources.
-* display, popup menu: Menu.
-* displaying element names <1>: Actions.
-* displaying element names: Menu.
-* displaying pinout: Actions.
-* displaying status information: Status-line and Input-field.
-* DOS filenames: Printing.
-* drawing objects: Drawing and Removing.
-* drc <1>: Resources.
-* drc <2>: Actions.
-* drc: Design Rule Checking.
-* drill: Actions.
-* drilling hole, changing of objects: Actions.
-* drilling hole, setting of initial size: Actions.
-* DVI format of manual: manuals.
-* element name, hiding: Actions.
-* element name, removing from silk-screen: Actions.
-* element, an example: Elements.
-* element, an overview: Element Objects.
-* element, color: Resources.
-* element, command <1>: Resources.
-* element, command: Options.
-* element, creating a new package: Elements.
-* element, display names of <1>: Menu.
-* element, display names of: Actions.
-* element, fileformat: Element File.
-* element, files <1>: Options.
-* element, files: Resources.
-* element, loading to buffer: User Commands.
-* element, move name of: Translations.
-* entering user commands: User Commands.
-* erasing objects: Drawing and Removing.
-* example files: Elements.
-* example of buffer handling: Pastebuffer.
-* example of connection lists: Connection Lists.
-* example of copying: Moving and Copying.
-* example of creating an element: Elements.
-* example of element handling: Elements.
-* example of line handling: Lines.
-* example of loading: Loading and Saving.
-* example of loading an element file: Elements.
-* example of moving: Moving and Copying.
-* example of pastebuffer handling: Pastebuffer.
-* example of pin handling: Elements.
-* example of polygon handling: Polygons.
-* example of printing: Printing.
-* example of rectangle handling: Polygons.
-* example of saving: Loading and Saving.
-* example of text handling: Text.
-* example of via handling: Vias.
-* exit <1>: Actions.
-* exit: User Commands.
-* file format, element data: Element File.
-* file format, font data: Font File.
-* file format, layout data: Layout File.
-* file format, libraries: Library File.
-* file format, library contents: Library Contents File.
-* file formats: File Formats.
-* file formats, basic types: Basic Types.
-* file load command <1>: Resources.
-* file load command: Options.
-* file save command <1>: Resources.
-* file save command: Options.
-* file, popup menu: Menu.
-* font command <1>: Options.
-* font command: Resources.
-* font file, format of: Font File.
-* font files <1>: Resources.
-* font files <2>: Options.
-* font files: Resources.
-* font, an overview: Symbol Objects.
-* font, used for pin names: Resources.
-* format of element files: Element File.
-* format of font files: Font File.
-* format of layout files: Layout File.
-* format of libraries: Library File.
-* format of library contents: Library Contents File.
-* FreeBSD: FreeBSD.
-* grid <1>: Resources.
-* grid: Drawing Area.
-* grid color: Resources.
-* grid, absolute and relative <1>: Actions.
-* grid, absolute and relative: Menu.
-* grid, display <1>: Actions.
-* grid, display: Menu.
-* grid, setting of: Actions.
-* groups <1>: Resources.
-* groups: Options.
-* groups, editing of: Actions.
-* Hewlett Packard: HP.
-* hide element name: Actions.
-* how to start: Getting Started.
-* HP: HP.
-* info file: manuals.
-* information about objects: Actions.
-* input-field, position of: Status-line and Input-field.
-* inputfield, saving entered command-line <1>: Options.
-* inputfield, saving entered command-line: Resources.
-* inputfield, start user input: Actions.
-* install, how to: compiling.
-* key translations: Actions.
-* keyboard bell <1>: Resources.
-* keyboard bell: Options.
-* layer, change active: Actions.
-* layer, name of: Resources.
-* layers, an overview: Layer Objects.
-* layers, changing active one: Control Panel.
-* layers, colors: Resources.
-* layers, editing of groups: Actions.
-* layers, groups <1>: Resources.
-* layers, groups: Options.
-* layers, switching on/off: Control Panel.
-* layout files <1>: Resources.
-* layout files <2>: Options.
-* layout files <3>: Resources.
-* layout files: Options.
-* layout files, format of: Layout File.
-* layout files, saving of: User Commands.
-* layout objects, an overview: Intro.
-* layout size: Options.
-* layout, default size of: Resources.
-* layout, loading a: User Commands.
-* layout, loading to buffer: User Commands.
-* layout, merging a: User Commands.
-* layout, printing a: Actions.
-* layout, start a new: Actions.
-* layout-name <1>: Element Objects.
-* layout-name: User Commands.
-* length of a pin name <1>: Resources.
-* length of a pin name: Options.
-* length of outputline: Options.
-* library command <1>: Options.
-* library command: Resources.
-* library contents command <1>: Options.
-* library contents command: Resources.
-* library contents file, format of: Library Contents File.
-* library file, format of: Library File.
-* library name <1>: Resources.
-* library name: Options.
-* library search path: Options.
-* library searchpath: Resources.
-* library window: Library Window.
-* line clipping: Options.
-* linelength: Resources.
-* lines, an example: Lines.
-* lines, an overview: Line Objects.
-* lines, clipping to 45 degree <1>: Resources.
-* lines, clipping to 45 degree: Actions.
-* lines, setting of initial size: Actions.
-* lines, size: Resources.
-* Linux: Linux.
-* list of connections: Resources.
-* listing libraries: Options.
-* listing library contents: Resources.
-* loading a layout to buffer: User Commands.
-* loading elements <1>: Resources.
-* loading elements: Options.
-* loading elements to buffer: User Commands.
-* loading files: Actions.
-* loading fonts <1>: Resources.
-* loading fonts: Options.
-* loading layouts <1>: User Commands.
-* loading layouts <2>: Options.
-* loading layouts: Resources.
-* loading symbols <1>: Resources.
-* loading symbols: Options.
-* loading, an example: Loading and Saving.
-* log window <1>: Options.
-* log window <2>: Resources.
-* log window: Log Window.
-* m4: Resources.
-* m4, preprocessing example files: Elements.
-* make: make.
-* Makefile: config.h.
-* manuals: manuals.
-* mark: Actions.
-* media: Resources.
-* media margin: Resources.
-* media, size of: Printing.
-* menus: Menu.
-* merging layouts: User Commands.
-* messages <1>: Resources.
-* messages <2>: Options.
-* messages: Log Window.
-* mirroring printout: Printing.
-* mode selection: Mode Selectors.
-* mode, selecting of: Actions.
-* mounting holes: Actions.
-* move: Resources.
-* move an object: Translations.
-* moving objects to current layer: Actions.
-* moving, an example: Moving and Copying.
-* name of an element: Actions.
-* name, change an objects: Actions.
-* namelength of pins <1>: Options.
-* namelength of pins: Resources.
-* NetBSD: FreeBSD.
-* netlist <1>: Actions.
-* netlist <2>: Resources.
-* netlist <3>: User Commands.
-* netlist <4>: Rats Nest.
-* netlist: Actions.
-* object, change name of: Actions.
-* object, changing the size of an: Common.
-* object, copy an: Translations.
-* object, creating an: Common.
-* object, drawing and removing: Drawing and Removing.
-* object, move an: Translations.
-* object, removing an <1>: Translations.
-* object, removing an: Common.
-* object, selecting an: Menu.
-* objects, moving to current layer: Actions.
-* objects, popup menu: Menu.
-* octagonal pins and vias: Actions.
-* off limit color: Resources.
-* offset of pinnames: Resources.
-* offset of pinout: Resources.
-* offset of printout: Printing.
-* OpenWindows: Sun.
-* operation modes, selecting of: Actions.
-* outline printout: Printing.
-* output device: Printing.
-* outputline, length of: Options.
-* overlap, minimum: Design Rule Checking.
-* pastebuffer, an example: Pastebuffer.
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-* pastebuffer, popup menu: Menu.
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-* path for element files: Resources.
-* path for font files: Resources.
-* path for layout files: Resources.
-* path for libraries: Resources.
-* PC UNIX <1>: SCO.
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-* PC UNIX: FreeBSD.
-* pin color: Resources.
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-* pin, name of: Resources.
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-* pinout, display of: Actions.
-* pinout, font to display pin names: Resources.
-* pinout, zoomfactor of display <1>: Resources.
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-* preventing loss of data <2>: Options.
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-* print media <1>: Printing.
-* print media: Resources.
-* print offset: Printing.
-* printing: Resources.
-* printing a layout: Actions.
-* printing, an example: Printing.
-* problems: problems.
-* quit <1>: Actions.
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-* rat-line <1>: Actions.
-* rat-line: Rats Nest.
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-* rats nest: Rats Nest.
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-* redo: Actions.
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-* refreshing layout: Actions.
-* release, current: Special Options.
-* removing connections: Translations.
-* removing objects <1>: Translations.
-* removing objects <2>: Drawing and Removing.
-* removing objects: Common.
-* removing selected objects: Actions.
-* report: Actions.
-* report, popup menu: Menu.
-* reseting found connections <1>: Actions.
-* reseting found connections <2>: Options.
-* reseting found connections: Resources.
-* resources: Resources.
-* rotate: Resources.
-* rotating a buffer: Actions.
-* rotating printout: Printing.
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-* routing style <2>: Resources.
-* routing style: Actions.
-* rubberband <1>: Actions.
-* rubberband: Resources.
-* saving connections: Actions.
-* saving files: Actions.
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-* saving last entered user command <1>: Resources.
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-* saving layouts <1>: Loading and Saving.
-* saving layouts <2>: Options.
-* saving layouts <3>: Resources.
-* saving layouts <4>: Options.
-* saving layouts: User Commands.
-* saving, an example: Loading and Saving.
-* scaling a printout: Printing.
-* scanning connections: Actions.
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-* scrolling: Translations.
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-* searchpath for font files: Resources.
-* searchpath for layout files: Resources.
-* searchpath for libraries: Resources.
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-* selected objects, removing: Menu.
-* selecting a buffer: Actions.
-* selecting a new mode: Mode Selectors.
-* selecting objects <1>: Actions.
-* selecting objects: Menu.
-* selection: Actions.
-* selection, an example: Selection.
-* selection, popup menu: Menu.
-* SGI: SGI.
-* shrink: Resources.
-* signal: Actions.
-* Silicon Graphics: SGI.
-* size of a layout: Options.
-* size of lines: Resources.
-* size of lines and vias: Actions.
-* size of vias: Resources.
-* sizes, changing of objects: Actions.
-* sizes, popup menu: Menu.
-* Solaris: Sun.
-* spacing, minimum: Design Rule Checking.
-* speaker volume <1>: Resources.
-* speaker volume: Options.
-* square flag, changing of objects: Actions.
-* start user input: Actions.
-* starting a new layout: Actions.
-* starting Pcb: Command-Line Options.
-* status information: Status-line and Input-field.
-* strings, an example: Text.
-* strings, an overview: Text Objects.
-* Sun: Sun.
-* symbols <1>: Options.
-* symbols: Resources.
-* symbols, an overview: Symbol Objects.
-* temporary files <1>: Resources.
-* temporary files <2>: Options.
-* temporary files: Loading and Saving.
-* TeX, problems: TeX and Manuals.
-* texinfo file: manuals.
-* text, an example: Text.
-* text, an overview: Text Objects.
-* text, default scaling: Resources.
-* text, editing: Menu.
-* thickness of lines: Resources.
-* thickness of objects: Common.
-* thickness of vias: Resources.
-* thickness, changing of objects: Actions.
-* translations <1>: Actions.
-* translations: Translations.
-* troubleshooting: problems.
-* undo: Actions.
-* undo, multi-action resources: Actions.
-* undo, popup menu: Menu.
-* unix command <1>: Options.
-* unix command <2>: Resources.
-* unix command <3>: Options.
-* unix command <4>: Resources.
-* unix command <5>: Options.
-* unix command <6>: Resources.
-* unix command <7>: Options.
-* unix command: Resources.
-* unselect objects: Actions.
-* user commands: User Commands.
-* user input: Translations.
-* version, current: Special Options.
-* vias, an example: Vias.
-* vias, an overview: Via Objects.
-* vias, changing shape of: Actions.
-* vias, color: Resources.
-* vias, converting to mounting hole: Actions.
-* vias, setting of initial size: Actions.
-* vias, size: Resources.
-* viewing side, changing of: Actions.
-* volume of speaker <1>: Options.
-* volume of speaker: Resources.
-* X11: X11 Interface.
-* X11 default translations: Translations.
-* X11 resources: Resources.
-* X11 translations: Actions.
-* X11, problems: X11.
-* xmkmf: config.h.
-* zoom of drawing window: Resources.
-* zoom of pinout window <1>: Options.
-* zoom of pinout window: Resources.
-* zoom, setting: Menu.
-* zoom, setting of: Actions.
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-Node: Library Contents File137593
-Node: Library File138638
-Node: Installation141066
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-Node: manuals144357
-Node: make145012
-Node: problems145895
-Node: HP147499
-Node: Sun148170
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-(and)e(Options)75 321 y Fl(-)75 384 y Fe(-alldirect)o(io)o(ns)8
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-Fd(.)e(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
-(.)g(.)22 b Fc(27,)13 b(31)75 1462 y(prepro)q(cessing)i(la)o(y)o(out)g
-(data)9 b Fd(.)d(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
-h(.)f(.)21 b Fc(27,)13 b(31)75 1508 y(prev)o(en)o(ting)i(loss)f(of)f
-(data)f Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
-g(.)24 b Fc(19,)13 b(28,)g(34)75 1555 y(prin)o(t)h(command)8
-b Fd(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
-h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)20
-b Fc(20)75 1601 y(prin)o(t)14 b(media)8 b Fd(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
-g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
-(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)20 b Fc(20,)13 b(33)75 1647 y(prin)o(t)h
-(o\013set)8 b Fd(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
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-(.)g(.)g(.)21 b Fc(20)75 1693 y(prin)o(ting)6 b Fd(.)j(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)g
-(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
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-b Fc(33)75 1740 y(prin)o(ting)c(a)e(la)o(y)o(out)5 b
-Fd(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
-(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)17 b Fc(41)75
-1786 y(prin)o(ting,)e(an)e(example)8 b Fd(.)g(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f
-(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
-21 b Fc(19)75 1832 y(problems)6 b Fd(.)i(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
-g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
-(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)19 b Fc(53)75
-1964 y Fl(Q)75 2026 y Fc(quit)8 b Fd(.)g(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
-g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h
-(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)21 b Fc(25,)13
-b(41)75 2158 y Fl(R)75 2220 y Fc(rat-line)5 b Fd(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
-g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
-(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)17 b Fc(22,)c(36,)g(38)75
-2267 y(rats)g(nest)c Fd(.)d(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g
-(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)22 b Fc(22,)13 b(25,)g(33,)f(34,)h(36,)g(38)
-75 2313 y(reco)o(v)o(er)d Fd(.)c(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
-g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
-(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)22 b Fc(41,)13 b(43)75 2359 y(rectangle,)h(an)f
-(example)8 b Fd(.)g(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
-(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)21 b Fc(15)75
-2406 y(redo)9 b Fd(.)e(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
-(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
-f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)22 b Fc(41)75 2452
-y(redra)o(wing)14 b(la)o(y)o(out)t Fd(.)8 b(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h
-(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
-g(.)h(.)f(.)17 b Fc(38)75 2498 y(refreshing)d(la)o(y)o(out)5
-b Fd(.)j(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
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-Fc(38)1012 149 y(release,)c(curren)o(t)9 b Fd(.)e(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
-(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
-g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)22 b Fc(29)1012 195 y(remo)o(ving)15
-b(connections)e Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
-f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)24 b Fc(43)1012
-241 y(remo)o(ving)15 b(ob)r(jects)5 b Fd(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
-g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)18
-b Fc(13,)13 b(14,)g(43)1012 287 y(remo)o(ving)i(selected)f(ob)r(jects)t
-Fd(.)7 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
-g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)17 b Fc(42)1012 333 y(rep)q(ort)c Fd(.)6
-b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f
-(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
-h(.)f(.)25 b Fc(42)1012 379 y(rep)q(ort,)13 b(p)q(opup)i(men)o(u)5
-b Fd(.)h(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
-g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)18 b Fc(13)1012 425
-y(reseting)d(found)e(connections)6 b Fd(.)j(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
-(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)19 b Fc(28,)13 b(34,)g(37)1012 471
-y(resources)6 b Fd(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
-(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
-g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)19 b Fc(30)1012 517 y(rotate)t Fd(.)7
-b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
-(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
-g(.)g(.)g(.)18 b Fc(34)1012 563 y(rotating)d(a)e(bu\013er)7
-b Fd(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
-f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)21 b
-Fc(40)1012 609 y(rotating)15 b(prin)o(tout)e Fd(.)6 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
-(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
-g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)25 b Fc(19)1012 654 y(routing)15
-b(st)o(yle)5 b Fd(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
-(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)18
-b Fc(28,)13 b(34,)g(42)1012 700 y(rubb)q(erband)8 b Fd(.)h(.)d(.)g(.)g
-(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
-g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)21 b Fc(34,)13 b(38)1012
-830 y Fl(S)1012 891 y Fc(sa)o(ving)i(connections)8 b
-Fd(.)g(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h
-(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)21 b Fc(42)1012
-937 y(sa)o(ving)15 b(\014les)9 b Fd(.)e(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f
-(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
-h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)22 b Fc(42)1012 983 y(sa)o(ving)15
-b(found)f(connections)8 b Fd(.)g(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
-g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)22 b Fc(37)1012
-1029 y(sa)o(ving)15 b(last)f(en)o(tered)f(user)h(command)e
-Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)25 b Fc(28,)13
-b(34)1012 1075 y(sa)o(ving)i(la)o(y)o(outs)s Fd(.)8 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f
-(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)16
-b Fc(19,)d(25,)g(26,)g(28,)g(34)1012 1121 y(sa)o(ving,)i(an)e(example)t
-Fd(.)8 b(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
-g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)17 b Fc(19)1012
-1167 y(scaling)e(a)e(prin)o(tout)7 b Fd(.)h(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
-(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
-g(.)g(.)20 b Fc(20)1012 1213 y(scanning)15 b(connections)5
-b Fd(.)k(.)e(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
-g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)19 b Fc(37)1012 1259
-y(SCO)6 b Fd(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
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-(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)19 b Fc(54)1012 1305 y(scrolling)t
-Fd(.)9 b(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
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-(.)g(.)g(.)17 b Fc(44)1012 1350 y(searc)o(hing)e(connections)d
-Fd(.)6 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
-g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)23 b Fc(37)1012 1396 y(searc)o(hpath)15
-b(for)d(elemen)o(t)i(\014les)7 b Fd(.)h(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
-(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)20 b Fc(31)1012
-1442 y(searc)o(hpath)15 b(for)d(fon)o(t)h(\014les)g Fd(.)6
-b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
-(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)25 b Fc(31)1012 1488 y(searc)o(hpath)15
-b(for)d(la)o(y)o(out)j(\014les)d Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
-(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)24 b Fc(31)1012
-1534 y(searc)o(hpath)15 b(for)d(libraries)7 b Fd(.)i(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
-h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)20
-b Fc(32)1012 1580 y(selected)15 b(ob)r(ject,)e(remo)o(ving)h(an)7
-b Fd(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
-g(.)20 b Fc(42)1012 1626 y(selected)15 b(ob)r(jects,)e(c)o(hanging)i
-(size)c Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
-g(.)24 b Fc(12)1012 1672 y(selected)15 b(ob)r(jects,)e(remo)o(ving)8
-b Fd(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
-f(.)g(.)g(.)21 b Fc(12)1012 1718 y(selecting)15 b(a)e(bu\013er)g
-Fd(.)7 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
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-1764 y(selecting)15 b(a)e(new)g(mo)q(de)g Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
-(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
-25 b Fc(10)1012 1810 y(selecting)15 b(ob)r(jects)t Fd(.)8
-b(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g
-(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)18 b Fc(12,)13 b(42)1012
-1856 y(selection)7 b Fd(.)h(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
-(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
-g(.)g(.)g(.)20 b Fc(42,)13 b(43)1012 1901 y(selection,)i(an)e(example)h
-Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
-f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)25 b Fc(21)1012 1947 y(selection,)15
-b(p)q(opup)f(men)o(u)f Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
-(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)25 b Fc(12)1012
-1993 y(SGI)t Fd(.)7 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h
-(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
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-2039 y(shrink)d Fd(.)6 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
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-(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)25 b Fc(34)1012 2085 y(signal)6
-b Fd(.)j(.)d(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
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-(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)20 b Fc(36)1012 2131 y(Silicon)c(Graphics)9
-b Fd(.)f(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
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-Fc(54)1012 2177 y(size)14 b(of)f(a)g(la)o(y)o(out)f Fd(.)6
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-2223 y(size)14 b(of)f(lines)t Fd(.)8 b(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
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-(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)24
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-(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
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-(w)12 b Fh(.)c(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h
-(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)27
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-(Input-\014eld)h Fh(.)8 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f
-(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)28 b Fo(9)374 1342 y(2.1.2)44
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-(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)22
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-(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)23 b Fo(13)224 1616 y(2.3)45 b(Library)16
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-(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)
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-(.)f(.)27 b Fo(15)374 1780 y(2.4.2)44 b(Arcs)8 b Fh(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f
-(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)
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-(.)h(.)23 b Fo(15)374 1835 y(2.4.3)44 b(P)o(olygons)15
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-(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)25 b Fo(16)374
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-(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)23
-b Fo(16)374 1944 y(2.4.5)44 b(Vias)9 b Fh(.)f(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f
-(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)
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-(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)20
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-(.)28 b Fo(19)224 2164 y(2.6)45 b(Loading)16 b(and)f(Sa)o(ving)e
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-(.)f(.)28 b Fo(19)224 2218 y(2.7)45 b(Prin)o(ting)10
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-(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)25
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-(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)26 b Fo(21)224 2328 y(2.9)45 b(Selection)16
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-(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)
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-(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)
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-(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)33
-b Fl(25)p eop
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--2 66 bop 1850 -58 a Fo(ii)75 42 y Fl(4)67 b(Command-Line)24
-b(Options)11 b Fa(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f
-(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fl(27)224 110 y Fo(4.1)45
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-(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)26 b Fo(29)75 286 y Fl(5)67 b(X11)21
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-(Resources)10 b Fh(.)d(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f
-(.)h(.)f(.)25 b Fo(30)224 409 y(5.2)45 b(Actions)6 b
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-(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)
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-(.)f(.)22 b Fo(43)75 585 y Fl(6)67 b(File)24 b(F)-6 b(ormats)6
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-(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)29 b Fo(45)224 709
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-(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)
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-(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)23 b Fo(50)224 873 y(6.5)45 b(Library)16
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-(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)
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-(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
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-(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)26
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-(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)
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-(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)28 b Fo(53)224 1403 y(A.2)45
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-(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)
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-(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)20
-b Fo(54)374 1567 y(A.2.3)44 b(Silicon)18 b(Graphics)d
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-b Fo(54)374 1622 y(A.2.4)44 b(DEC)15 b(Alpha)6 b Fh(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f
-(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)
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-(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)
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-(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)27
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-(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)23
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-(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)33 b Fl(56)75
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-Ff(r)220 b(redo)14 b(op)q(eration)-22 470 y Fe([S][C])p
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-1815 y(o)163 b(optimize)12 b(all)h(rats)2069 1865 y Fe([S])p
-Ff(o)114 b(optimize)12 b(selected)k(rats)p 2837 1905
-V 2016 1907 823 2 v -79 2091 a(Ob)o(viously)d Fe([S])p
-Ff(,)g Fe([C])p Ff(,)f Fe([M])p Ff(,)h Fe(F)h Ff(and)g
-Fe(Btn)g Ff(mean)f(the)h(shift,)g(con)o(trol,)f(mo)q(di\014er1)f(\(Mo)q
-(d1)i(for)g(buttons\),)g(function)f(k)o(ey)h(and)g(mouse)f(button.)p
-eop
-%%Trailer
-end
-userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
-%%EOF