# $NetBSD: Packages.txt,v 1.268 2002/10/27 21:54:05 seb Exp $ ########################################################################### ========================== Documentation on the NetBSD Package System ========================== Hubert Feyrer, Alistair Crooks Table of contents: ================== Run this command to produce a table of contents: sed '/^.====/{g;p;};h;d' Packages.txt 0 Intro ======= There is a lot of software freely available for Unix based systems, which usually runs on NetBSD, too, sometimes with some modifications. The NetBSD packages collection incorporates any such changes necessary to make that software run on NetBSD, and makes the installation (and re-installation) of the software package easy by means of a single command. The NetBSD package system is used to enable such freely available third-party software to be built easily on NetBSD hosts. Once the software has been built, it is manipulated with the pkg_* tools so that installation and de-installation, printing of an inventory of all installed packages and retrieval of one-line comments or more verbose descriptions are all simple. Both the NetBSD packages collection and the NetBSD package system are derived from FreeBSD. 0.1 Overview ============ This document is divided into two parts. The first, "User's Guide", describes how one can use one of the packages in the Package Collection, either by installing a precompiled binary package, or by building your own copy using the NetBSD package system. The second part, "Package Constructor's Guide", explains how to prepare a package so it can be easily built by other NetBSD users without knowing about the package's building details. 0.2 Terminology =============== There has been a lot of talk about "ports", "packages", etc. so far. Here is a description of all the terminology used within this document: * Package: A set of files and building instructions that describe what's necessary to build a certain piece of software using the NetBSD package system. Packages are traditionally stored under /usr/pkgsrc. * The NetBSD package system: This is the part of the NetBSD operating system handling building (compiling), installing, and removing of packages. * Distfile: This term describes the file or files that are provided by the author of the piece of freely available software to distribute his work. All the changes necessary to build on NetBSD are reflected in the corresponding package. Usually the distfile is in the form of a compressed tar-archive, but other types are possible, too. Distfiles are stored below /usr/pkgsrc/distfiles. * Port: This is the term used by FreeBSD people for what we call a package. In NetBSD terminology, "port" refers to a different architecture. * Precompiled (binary) package: A set of binaries built by the NetBSD package system from a distfile using the NetBSD package system and stuffed together in a single .tgz file so it can be installed on machines of the same machine architecture without the need to recompile. Packages are generated in /usr/pkgsrc/packages by the NetBSD package system; there is also an archive on ftp.netbsd.org. Sometimes, this is referred to by the term "package" too, especially in the context of precompiled packages. * Program: The piece of software to be installed which will be constructed from all the files in the Distfile by the actions defined in the corresponding package. * NetBSD RCS IDs: Some files in a package contain RCS IDs to reflect which version of that file this is (inserted automatically by cvs). These IDs are used in several examples within this document, but as this document itself is managed by CVS, it can't list the RCS IDs in plaintext. Instead, the $s are written as <$>, resulting in <$>NetBSD<$> and <$>Id<$>. 0.3 Typography ============== Right now this document is written in plain ASCII text, and there's not much typography applied here. Future versions may move to something like HTML or DocBook, which have better ways theres. When giving examples for commands, shell prompts are used to show if the command should/can be issued as root, or if "normal" user privileges are sufficient. We use a "#" for root's shell prompt, and a "%" for users' shell prompt, assuming they use the C-shell or tcsh. ==================== Part I: User's Guide ==================== 1 Installing a precompiled binary package ========================================= This section describes how to find, retrieve and install a precompiled binary package that someone else already prepared for your type of machine. 1.1 Where to get ================ Precompiled packages are stored on ftp.netbsd.org and its mirrors in the directory /pub/NetBSD/packages for anon FTP access. Please pick the right subdirectory there as indicated by "uname -p". In that directory, there is a subdirectory for each category plus a subdirectory "All" which includes the actual binaries in .tgz-files. The category subdirectories use symbolic links to those files. (This is the same directory layout as in /usr/pkgsrc/packages). This same directory layout applies for CDROM distributions, only that the directory may be rooted somewhere else, probably somewhere below /cdrom. Please consult your CDROM's documentation for the exact location! 1.2 How to use ============== If you have the files on a CDROM or downloaded them to your hard disk, you can install them with the following command (be sure to su to root first): # pkg_add /path/to/package.tgz If you have FTP access and you don't want to download the packages via FTP prior to installation, you can do this automatically by giving pkg_add an ftp-URL: # pkg_add ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/packages///All/package.tgz If there is any doubt, the uname utility can be used to determine the , and by running "uname -rp". Also note that any prerequisite packages needed to run the package in question will be installed, too, assuming they are present where you install from. After you've installed packages, be sure to have /usr/pkg/bin in your $PATH so you can actually start the just installed program. 1.3 A word of warning ===================== Please pay very careful attention to the warnings expressed in that manual page about the inherent dangers of installing binary packages which you did not create yourself, and the security holes that can be introduced onto your system by indiscriminate adding of such files. 2 Installing by Building ======================== This assumes that the package is already part of the NetBSD package system. If it is not, then you are advised to read part II of this document, "Package Constructor's Guide". 2.1 Requirements ================ To build packages from source on a NetBSD system the "comp" and the "text" distribution sets must be installed. If you want to build X11 related packages the "xbase" and "xcomp" distribution sets are required, too. 2.2 Where to get pkgsrc ======================= There are three ways to get pkgsrc. Either as a tar file, via SUP, or via CVS. All three ways are described here. To get the package source going, you need to get the pkgsrc.tar.gz file from ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-current/tar_files/pkgsrc.tar.gz and unpack it into /usr/pkgsrc. As an alternative, you can get pkgsrc via the Software Update Protocol, SUP. To do so, make sure your supfile has a line saying "release=pkgsrc" in it, see the examples in /usr/share/examples/supfiles, and that the directory /usr/pkgsrc does exist. Then, simply start "sup -v /path/to/your/supfile". To get pkgsrc via CVS, make sure you have cvs installed. If not present on your system, it can be found as precompiled binary on ftp.netbsd.org. To do an initial (full) checkout of pkgsrc, do the following steps: % setenv CVSROOT anoncvs@anoncvs.netbsd.org:/cvsroot % setenv CVS_RSH ssh % cd /usr % cvs checkout -P pkgsrc This will create the "pkgsrc" directory in your /usr, and all the package source will be stored under /usr/pkgsrc. To update pkgsrc after the initial checkout, make sure you have CVS_RSH set as above, then do: % cd /usr/pkgsrc % cvs -q update -dP Please also note that it is possible to have multiple copies of the pkgsrc hierarchy in use at any one time - all work is done relatively within the pkgsrc tree. 2.3 Fetching distfiles ====================== There is one gotcha: The distribution file (i.e. the unmodified source) must exist on your system for the packages system to be able to build it. If it does not, then ftp(1) is used to fetch the distribution files automatically. You can overwrite some of the major distribution sites to fit to sites that are close to your own. Have a look at pkgsrc/mk/bsd.pkg.defaults.mk to find some examples - in particular, look for the MASTER_SORT, MASTER_SORT_REGEX and INET_COUNTRY definitions. This may save some of your bandwidth and time. You can change these settings either in your shell's environment, or, if you want to keep the settings, by editing the /etc/mk.conf file, and adding the definitions there. If you don't have a permanent Internet connection and you want to know which files to download, "make fetch-list" will tell you what you'll need. Put these distfiles into /usr/pkgsrc/distfiles. 2.4 How to build and install ============================ Assuming that the distfile has been fetched (see previous section), become root and change into the relevant directory. Then you can type % make at the shell prompt to build the various components of the package, and # make install at the shell prompt to install the various components into the correct places on your system. Taking the top system utility as an example, we can install it on our system by building as shown in appendix A.1. The program is installed under the default root of the packages tree - /usr/pkg. Should this not conform to your tastes, simply set the LOCALBASE variable in your environment, and it will use that value as the root of your packages tree. So, to use /usr/local, set LOCALBASE=/usr/local in your environment. Please note that you should use a root which is dedicated to packages and not shared with other programs (ie, do not try and use LOCALBASE=/usr). Also, you should not try to add any of your own files or directories (such as, for example, src, obj, or pkgsrc) below the LOCALBASE tree. This is to prevent possible conflicts between programs and other files installed by the package system and whatever else may have been installed there. There is, of course, one exception to this - X11 packages are traditionally installed in the X11 tree. The definition used to identify the root of the X11 tree is the X11BASE definition. It is possible to install X11 packages in the LOCALBASE tree, for which you must install the xpkgwedge package (pkgsrc/pkgtools/xpkgwedge) - see section 7.1 for further details. Some packages look in /etc/mk.conf to alter some configuration options at build time. Have a look at pkgsrc/mk/bsd.pkg.defaults.mk to get an overview of what will be set there by default. Environment variables such as LOCALBASE, and X11BASE can be set in /etc/mk.conf to save having to remember to set them each time you want to use pkgsrc. Occasionally, people want to "look under the covers" to see what is going on when a package is building or being installed. This may be for debugging purposes, or out of simple curiosity. A number of utility values have been added to help with this. (1) If you invoke the make(1) command with PKG_DEBUG_LEVEL=2, then a huge amount of information will be displayed. As a worked example, make patch PKG_DEBUG_LEVEL=2 will show all the commands that are invoked, up to and including the "patch stage". (2) If you want to know the value of a certain make(1) definition, then the VARNAME definition should be used, in conjunction with the show-var target. e.g. make show-var VARNAME=DISTFILES will show the expansion of the make(1) variable "DISTFILES". If you want to de-install and re-install a binary package that you've created (see next section), that you put into pkgsrc/packages manually or that's located on a remote FTP server, you can use the the "bin-install" target. This target will install a binary package - if available - via pkg_add, and do a "make package" else. The list of remote FTP sites searched is kept in the variable BINPKG_SITE, which defaults to ftp.netbsd.org. Any flags that should be added to pkg_add(8) can be put into BIN_INSTALL_FLAGS. See pkgsrc/mk/bsd.pkg.defaults.mk for more details. A final word of warning: If you setup a system that has a non-standard setting for LOCALBASE (or X11BASE, for that matter), be sure to set that before any packages are installed, as you can not use several directories for the same purpose. Doing so will result in pkgsrc not being able to properly detect your installed packages, and fail miserably. Note also that precompiled binary packages are usually built with the default LOCALBASE of /usr/pkg, and that you should *not* install any if you use a non-standard LOCALBASE. 3 Making precompiled packages ============================= 3.1 Packaging a single package ============================== Once you have built and installed the package as mentioned above, you can build it into a "binary package" - you might want to do this so that you can use the binaries you have just built on another NetBSD system, or to provide a simple means for others to use your binary package instead of wasting CPU time - this is done by changing to the appropriate directory in the pkgsrc tree, and typing the command # make package at the shell prompt. This will build and install your package (if not already done), and then construct a binary package out of the results so that you can use the pkg_* tools to manipulate this. The binary package is stored under /usr/pkgsrc/packages, it's in the form of a gzipped file at the present time. See appendix A.2 for a continuation of the above top example. Please see the "submitting" section later in this document on how to submit such a binary package. 3.2 Doing a bulk build of all packages ====================================== If you want to get a full set of precompiled binary packages, this section describes how to get them. Beware that the bulk build will remove all currently installed packages from your your system! Having a FTP server configured either on the machine doing the bulk builds or on a nearby NFS server can help to make the packages available to everyone. See ftpd(8) for more information. If you use a remote NFS server's storage, be sure to not actually compile on NFS storage, as this slows things down a lot. 3.2.1 Configuration =================== 3.2.1.1 /etc/mk.conf ==================== You may want to set things in /etc/mk.conf. Look at pkgsrc/mk/bsd.pkg.defaults.mk for details of the default settings. You will want to make sure that ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES meet your local policy: PACKAGES?= ${_PKGSRCDIR}/packages/${MACHINE_ARCH} WRKOBJDIR?= /usr/tmp/pkgsrc # build here instead of in pkgsrc BSDSRCDIR= /usr/src BSDXSRCDIR= /usr/xsrc # for x11/xervers OBJHOSTNAME?= yes # use work.`hostname` FAILOVER_FETCH= yes # insist on the correct checksum PKG_DEVELOPER?= yes _ACCEPTABLE= yes If you wish to use xpkgwedge for the entire build, then add: BULK_PREREQ+= pkgtools/xpkgwedge Other packages which must be installed during the bulk build to modify the build behaviour may be added to the BULK_PREREQ variable. Note that currently the only package for which BULK_PREREQ makes sense is xpkgwedge. 3.2.1.2 build.conf ================== In pkgsrc/mk/bulk, copy ``build.conf-example'' to ``build.conf'' and edit it, following the comments in that file. This is the config file that determines where log files are generated after the build, where to mail the build report, where your pkgsrc is located and which user to su(8) to to do a 'cvs update'. 3.2.1.3 pre-build.local ======================= It is possible to configure the bulk build to perform certain site specific tasks at the end of the pre-build stage. If the file ``pre-build.local'' exists in pkgsrc/mk/bulk it will be executed (as a sh(1) script) at the end of the usual pre-build stage. An example use of pre-build.local is to have the line: # echo "I do not have enough disk space to build this pig." \ > pkgsrc/games/crafty-book-enormous/$BROKENF to prevent the system from trying to build a particular package which requires nearly 3 Gb of disk space. 3.2.2 Other environmental considerations ======================================== As /usr/pkg will be completely deleted at the start of bulk builds, make sure your login shell is placed somewhere else. Either drop it into /usr/local/bin (and adjust your login shell in the password file), or (re-)install it via pkg_add from /etc/rc.local, so you can login after a reboot (remember that your current process won't die if the package is removed, you just can't start any new instances of the shell any more). Also, if you use a OS version below 1.5 or you still want to use the pkgsrc version of ssh for some reason, be sure to install ssh before starting it from rc.local: ( cd /usr/pkgsrc/security/ssh ; make bulk-install ) if [ -f /usr/pkg/etc/rc.d/sshd ]; then /usr/pkg/etc/rc.d/sshd fi Not doing so will result in you being not able to log in via ssh after the bulk build is finished or if the machine gets rebooted or crashes. You have been warned! :) 3.2.3 Operation =============== Make sure you don't need any of the packages still installed. BEWARE: During the bulk build, ALL packages will be removed!!! Be sure to remove all other things that might interfere with builds, like some libs installed in /usr/local, etc. then become root and type: # cd /usr/pkgsrc # sh mk/bulk/build If for some reason your last build didn't complete (power failure, system panic, ...), you can continue it by running: # sh mk/bulk/build restart At the end of the bulk run, you will get a summary via mail, and find build logs in the directory specified by "FTP" in the "build.conf" file. 3.2.4 What it does ================== The bulk builds consist of three steps: 1. pre-build: The script updates your pkgsrc via (anon)cvs, then cleans out any broken distfiles, and removes all packages installed. 2. the bulk build: This is basically 'make bulk-package' with an optimised order in which packages will be built. Packages that don't require other packages will be built first, and packages with many depends will be built later. 3. post-build: Generates a report that's placed in the directory specified in the build.conf file named ``broken.html'', a short version of that report will also be mailed to the build's admin. During the build, a list of broken packages will be compiled in /usr/pkgsrc/.broken (or .../.broken.${MACHINE} if OBJMACHINE is set), individual build logs of broken builds can be found in the package's directory. These files are used by the bulk-targets to mark broken builds to not waste time trying to rebuild them, and they can be used to debug these broken package builds later. 3.2.5 Disk space requirements ============================= Currently, roughly the following requirements are valid for 1.5/i386: * Distfiles: 1500MB (NFS ok) * Full set of all binaries: 1000MB (NFS ok) * Temp space for compiling: 1500MB (local disk recommended) For 1.5/alpha: * Full set of all binaries: 1300MB (NFS ok) Note that all pkgs will be de-installed as soon as they are turned into a binary package, and that work-sources are removed, so there is no huge demand to disk space. Afterwards, if the package is needed again, it will be installed via pkg_add instead of building again, so there are no cycles wasted by recompiling. 3.2.6 Setting up a sandbox for chroot'ed builds =============================================== If you don't want all the pkgs nuked from a machine (rendering it useless for anything but pkg compiling), there is the possibility of doing the pkg bulk build inside a chroot environment. The first step to do so is setting up a chroot sandbox, e.g. /usr/sandbox. After extracting all the sets from a NetBSD installation or doing a "make distribution DESTDIR=/usr/sandbox" in src/etc, make sure the following items are present and properly configures: * kernel: cp /netbsd /usr/sandbox * /dev/*: cd /usr/sandbox/dev ; sh MAKEDEV all * /etc/resolv.conf (for security/snmpd and mail): cp /etc/resolv.conf /usr/sandbox/etc * working(!) mail config (hostname, sendmail.cf): cp /etc/mail/sendmail.cf /usr/sandbox/etc/mail * /etc/localtime (for security/snmpd): ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/GMT /usr/sandbox/etc/localtime * /usr/src (system sources, for sysutils/aperture, net/ppp-mppe): ln -s ../disk1/cvs . ln -s cvs/src-1.6 src ln -s cvs/pkgsrc . * create /var/db/pkg (not part of default install): mkdir /usr/sandbox/var/db/pkg * create /usr/pkg (not part of default install) mkdir /usr/sandbox/usr/pkg * checkout pkgsrc from cvs, into /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc cvs -d cvs.netbsd.org:/cvsroot co pkgsrc * /usr/pkgsrc/packages & .../distfiles (point outside of sandbox) * /etc/mk.conf, see 3.2.1.1 * adjust .../mk/bulk/build.conf !!! Don't forget to install X !!! If you are a developer and want to upload the resulting binary packages to ftp.netbsd.org, make sure you are using the default X version for your architecture and release (up to 1.6, that is 3.3.6 for all architectures). Next thing you will want to is make sure /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc contains a fresh checkout of pkgsrc (e.g. from anoncvs). Do not mount/link this to the copy of your pkgsrc tree you do development in, as this will likely cause problems! Adjust .../pkgsrc/packages and .../pkgsrc/distfiles to point to some places outside the sandbox if you want to make the files public. Then, configure .../pkgsrc/mk/bulk/build.conf to fit your needs! When the chroot sandbox is setup, you can start the build with the following steps: # cd /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc # sh mk/bulk/do-sandbox-build This will just jump inside the sandbox and start thrash^Wbuilding. At the end of the build, mail will be sent with the results of the build. Created binary pkgs will be in /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc/packages (whereever that points/mounts to/from). 3.3 Creating a multiple CD-ROM packages collection ================================================== After your bulk pkgsrc build has completed, you may wish to create a CD-ROM set of the resulting binary packages to assist in installing packages on other machines. The package pkgsrc/pkgtools/cdpack provides a simple tool for creating the ISO 9660 images. `cdpack' arranges the packages on the CD-ROM's in a way that keeps all the dependencies for given package on the same CD as that package. 3.3.1 Example of cdpack ======================= Complete documentation for cdpack is found in cdpack(1). The following short example assumes that the binary packages are left in /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All and that sufficient disk space exists in /u2 to hold the ISO 9660 images. # mkdir /u2/images # pkg_add /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All/cdpack # cdpack /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All /u2/images If you wish to include a common set of files (COPYRIGHT, README, etc) on each CD in the collection, then you need to create a directory which contains these files. For example # mkdir /tmp/common # echo "This is a README" > /tmp/commmon/README # echo "Another file" > /tmp/common/COPYING # mkdir /tmp/common/bin # echo "#!/bin/sh" > /tmp/common/bin/myscript # echo "echo Hello world" >> /tmp/common/bin/myscript # chmod 755 /tmp/common/bin/myscript Now create the images with # cdpack -x /tmp/common /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All /u2/images and each image will contain "README", "COPYING", and "bin/myscript" in their root directories. ==================================== Part II: Package Constructor's Guide ==================================== 4 Package components - files, directories and contents ====================================================== Whenever you're preparing a package, there are a number of files involved which are described in the following sections. 4.1 Makefile ============ Building, installation and creation of a binary package are all controlled by the package's Makefile. There is a Makefile for each package. This file includes the standard bsd.pkg.mk file (referenced as "../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk"), which sets all the definitions and actions necessary for the package to compile and install itself. The mandatory fields are the DISTNAME which specifies the base name of the distribution file to be downloaded from the site on the Internet, MASTER_SITES which specifies that site, CATEGORIES which denotes the categories into which the package falls, PKGNAME which is the name of the package, the MAINTAINER name, and the COMMENT variable, which should contain a one-line description of the package (the package name should not appear, it will be added automatically). The maintainer variable is there so that anyone who quibbles with the (always completely correct) decisions taken by the guy who maintains the port can complain vigorously. The MASTER_SITES may be set to one of the predefined sites: ${MASTER_SITE_XCONTRIB} ${MASTER_SITE_GNU} ${MASTER_SITE_PERL_CPAN} ${MASTER_SITE_TEX_CTAN} ${MASTER_SITE_SUNSITE} ${MASTER_SITE_GNOME} ${MASTER_SITE_SOURCEFORGE} If one of these predefined sites is chosen, you may require the ability to specify a subdirectory of that site. Since these macros may expand to more than one actual site, you MUST use the following construct to specify a subdirectory: ${MASTER_SITE_GNU:=subdirectory/name/} (Note the trailing slash after the subdirectory name.) Use of the deprecated MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR will not work. If the package has multiple DISTFILES or multiple PATCHFILES from different sites, set SITES_foo to a list of URI's where file "foo" may be found. "foo" includes the suffix, e.g. DISTFILES=${DISTNAME}${EXTRACT_SUFX} DISTFILES+=foo-file.tar.gz SITES_foo-file.tar.gz=http://www.somewhere.com/somehow/ \ http://www.somewhereelse.com/mirror/somehow/ Note, that the normal default setting of DISTFILES must be made explicit if you want to add to it (rather than replace it), as you usually would. Currently the following values are available for CATEGORIES. If more than one is used, they need to be separated by spaces: archivers audio benchmarks biology cad chat comms converters cross databases devel editors emulators finance fonts games graphics ham japanese lang mail math mbone misc net news parallel print security shells sysutils textproc time wm www x11 See the NetBSD packages(7) manual page for a description of all available options and variables. Please pay attention to the following gotchas: - Add MANCOMPRESSED (if not already there) if manpages are installed in compressed form by the package; see comment in bsd.pkg.mk - Replace /usr/local by ${PREFIX} in all files (see patches below) - If the package installs any info files, see the section `Packages providing info files' in this document. - Adjust MAINTAINER to be either yourself, if you plan to maintain the package for future updates, or set it to the default MAINTAINER packages@netbsd.org. - If there exists a home page for the software in question, please add the variable HOMEPAGE right after MAINTAINER. The value of this variable should be the URL for the home page. - Please also set the COMMENT variable to a short description of the package. 4.2 distinfo ============ Most important, the mandatory message digest, or checksum, of all the distfiles needed for the package to compile, confirming they match the original file distributed by the author. This ensures that the distfile retrieved from the Internet has not been corrupted during transfer or altered by a malign force to introduce a security hole. It is best generated using the "make makesum" command. The digest algorithm used was, at one stage, md5, but that was felt lacking compared to sha1, and so sha1 is now the default algorithm. The distfile size is also generated and stored in new distinfo files. The pkgsrc/pkgtools/digest utility calculates all of the digests in the distinfo file, and it provides various different algorithms. At the current time, the algorithms provided are: md5, rmd160, sha1, sha256, sha384 and sha512 Some packages have different sets of distfiles on a per architecture basis. (A good example is pkgsrc/www/navigator). These are kept in the same distinfo file and care should be taken when upgrading such a package to ensure distfile information is not lost. The message digest/checksum for all the official patches found in the patches/ directory (see section 4.3) for the package is also stored in the distinfo file. This is a message digest/checksum of all lines in the patch file except the NetBSD RCS Id. This file is generated by invoking "make makepatchsum". 4.3 patches/* ============= This directory contains files that are used by the patch(1) command to modify the sources as distributed in the distribution file into a form that will compile and run perfectly on NetBSD. The files are applied successively in alphabetic order (as returned by a shell "patches/patch-*" glob expansion), so patch-aa is applied before patch-ab etc. The patch-?? files should be in "diff -bu" format, and apply without a fuzz to avoid problems (To force patches to apply with fuzz you can set PATCH_FUZZ_FACTOR=-F2). Furthermore, do not put changes for more than one file into a single patch-file, as this will make future modifications more difficult. Similar, a file should be patched at most once, not several times by several different patches. If a file needs several patches, they should be combined into one file. One important thing to mention is to pay attention that no RCS IDs get stored in the patch files, as these will cause problems when later checked into the NetBSD CVS tree. To avoid this, use either the "-U 2" or "-U 1" option to diff, or let the 'pkgdiff' command from pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkgdiff help you. If you don't want to worry about the problems in the last two paragraphs yourself, use pkgdiff from the pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkgdiff package, which takes care of any RCS Ids by itself. For even more automation, we recommend using mkpatches from the same package to make a whole set of patches. You just have to backup files before you edit them to "filename.orig", e.g. with "cp -p filename filename.orig" or, easier, by using pkgvi from the same package. If you upgrade a package this way, you can easily compare the new set of patches with the previously existing one with patchdiff. When you have finished a package, remember to generate the checksums for the patch files by using the "make makepatchsum" command, see section 4.2. If it is desired to store any patches that should not be committed into pkgsrc, they can be kept outside the pkgsrc tree in the $LOCALPATCHES directory. The directory tree there is expected to have the same "category/package" structure as pkgsrc, and patches are expected to be stored inside these dirs (also known as $LOCALPATCHES/$PKGPATH). For example if you want to keep a private patch for pkgsrc/graphics/png, keep it in $LOCALPATCHES/graphics/png/mypatch. All files in the named directory are expected to be patch files, and they are applied after the "normal" pkgsrc patches are applied. 4.4 Other mandatory files ========================= * DESCR: A multi-line description of the piece of software. This should include any credits where they are due. Please bear in mind that others do not share your sense of humour (or spelling idiosyncrasies), and that others will read everything that you write here. * PLIST: This file governs the files that are installed on your system: all the binaries, manual pages, etc. There are other directives which may be entered in this file, to control the creation and deletion of directories, and the location of inserted files. 4.5 Optional files ================== * INSTALL: Shell script invoked twice during pkg_add. First time after package extraction and before files are moved in place, the second time after the files to install are moved in place. This can be used to do any custom procedures not possible with @exec commands in PLIST. See pkg_add(1) and pkg_create(1) for more information. * DEINSTALL: This script is executed before and after any files are removed. It is this script's responsibility to clean up any additional messy details around the package's installation, since all pkg_delete knows is how to delete the files created in the original distribution. See pkg_delete(1) and pkg_create(1) for more information. * MESSAGE: Display this file after installation of the package. Useful for things like legal notices on almost-free software, etc. Please note that you can modify variables in it easily by using MESSAGE_SUBST in the package's Makefile: MESSAGE_SUBST+= SOMEVAR="somevalue" replaces ${SOMEVAR} in MESSAGE with "somevalue" before displaying the message. 4.6 work/* ========== When you type "make" the distribution files are unpacked into this directory. It can be removed by typing # make clean at the shell prompt. Also, this directory is used to keep various timestamp files. 4.7 files/* =========== If you have any files that you wish to be placed in the package prior to configuration or building, you could place these files here and use a ${CP} command in the pre-configure target to achieve this. Alternatively, you could simply diff the file against /dev/null and use the patch mechanism to manage the creation of this file. 5 PLIST* issues =============== This section addresses some special issues that one needs to pay attention to when dealing with the PLIST file (or files, see below!). 5.1 Miscellaneous ================= * NetBSD RCS Id: Be sure to add a RCS ID line as the first thing in any PLIST file you write: @comment <$>NetBSD<$> * ${MACHINE_ARCH}, ${MACHINE_GNU_ARCH}: Some packages like emacs and perl embed information about which architecture they were built on into the pathnames where they install their file. To handle this case, PLIST will be preprocessed before actually used, and the symbol "${MACHINE_ARCH}" will be replaced by what "uname -p" gives. The same is done if the string ${MACHINE_GNU_ARCH} is embedded in PLIST somewhere - use this on packages that have GNU autoconf created configure scripts. Legacy note: There used to be a symbol "<$ARCH>" that was replaced by the output of "uname -m", but that's no longer supported and has been removed. * ${OPSYS}, ${OS_VERSION}: Some packages want to embed the OS name and version into some paths. to do this, use these two variables in PLIST. ${OPSYS} will be replaced by output from "uname -s", ${OS_VERSION} will be set to what "uname -r" gives. * ${PKGLOCALEDIR}: Packages that install locale files should list them in the PLIST as "${PKGLOCALEDIR}/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/..." instead of "share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/...". This properly handles the fact that different OSes expect locale files to be either in "share" or "lib" by default. * Manpage-compression: Manpages should be installed in compressed form if MANZ is set (in bsd.own.mk), and uncompressed otherwise. To handle this in the PLIST file, the suffix ".gz" is appended/removed automatically for manpages according to MANZ and MANCOMPRESSED being set or not, see above for details. This modification of the PLIST file is done on a copy of it, not PLIST itself. * Semi-automatic PLIST generation: You can use the "make print-PLIST" command to output a PLIST that matches any new files since the package was extracted. See below for more information on this target. 5.2 ${PLIST_SRC} ================ To use one or more files as source for the PLIST used in generating the binary package, set the variable PLIST_SRC to the names of that file(s). The files are later concatenated using cat(1), and order of things is important. 5.3 ${PLIST_SUBST} ================== Similar to MESSAGE_SUBST (see above), you can add variables and their expansions to this variable in the following way: PLIST_SUBST+= SOMEVAR="somevalue" which replaces all occurrences of ${SOMEVAR} in the PLIST with "somevalue". For the values which are replaced by default, please look in bsd.pkg.mk (and search for PLIST_SUBST). 5.4 Perl5 modules ================= Makefile of packages providing perl5 modules should include the makefile fragment lang/perl5/module.mk. It provides a do-configure target for the standard perl configuration for such modules as well as various hooks to tune this configuration. See comments in this file for details. Perl5 modules will install into different places depending on the version of perl used during the build process. To address this, the NetBSD packages system will append lines to the PLIST corresponding to the files listed in the installed .packlist file generated by most perl5 modules. This is invoked by defining PERL5_PACKLIST to a space-separated list of paths to packlist files: PERL5_PACKLIST= ${PERL5_SITEARCH}/auto/Pg/.packlist The variables PERL5_SITELIB, PERL5_SITEARCH, and PERL5_ARCHLIB represent the three locations in which perl5 modules may be installed, and may be used by perl5 packages that don't have a packlist. These three variables are also substituted for in the PLIST. 5.5 User Interaction ==================== Occasionally, packages require interaction from the user, and this can be in a number of ways: + help in fetching the distfiles + help to configure the package before it is built + help during the build process + help during the installation of a package The INTERACTIVE_STAGE definition is provided, to notify the pkgsrc mechanism of an interactive stage which will be needed, and this should be set in the package's Makefile. e.g. INTERACTIVE_STAGE= build Multiple interactive stages can be specified: INTERACTIVE_STAGE= configure install 6 Notes on fixes for packages ============================= 6.1 CPP defines =============== To port an application to NetBSD, it's usually necessary for the compiler to be able to judge the system on which it's compiling, and we use definitions so that the C pre-processor can do this. To test whether you are working on a 4.4 BSD-derived system, you should use the BSD definition, which is defined in on said systems. #include and then you can surround the BSD-specific parts of your port using the conditional: #if (defined(BSD) && BSD >= 199306) ... #endif Please use the __NetBSD__ definition sparingly - it should only apply to features of NetBSD that are not present in other 4.4-lite derived BSDs. 6.2 Shared libraries - libtool ============================== Pkgsrc supports many different machines, with different object formats like a.out and ELF, and varying abilities to do shared library and dynamic loading at all. To accompany this, varying commands and options have to be passed to the compiler, linker etc. to get the Right Thing, which can be pretty annoying especially if you don't have all the machines at your hand to test things. The "libtool" pkg can help here, as it just "knows" how to build both static and dynamic libraries from a set of source files, thus being platform independent. Here's how to use libtool in a pkg in seven simple steps: 1. Add USE_LIBTOOL= yes to the package Makefile. 2. For library objects, use "${LIBTOOL} --mode=compile ${CC}" in place of ${CC}. You could even add it to the definition of CC, if only libraries are being built in a given Makefile. This one command will build both PIC and non-PIC library objects, so you need not have separate shared and non-shared library rules. 3. For the linking of the library, remove any "ar", "ranlib", and "ld -Bshareable" commands, and use instead: ${LIBTOOL} --mode=link ${CC} -o ${.TARGET:.a=.la} ${OBJS:.o=.lo} -rpath ${PREFIX}/lib -version-info major:minor Note that the library is changed to have a .la extension, and the objects are changed to have a .lo extension. Change OBJS as necessary. This automatically creates all of the .a, .so.major.minor, and ELF symlinks (if necessary) in the build directory. Be sure to include the -version-info especially when major and minor are zero, as libtool will otherwise strip off the shared library version. The "-release" option will produce different results for a.out and ELF (excluding symlinks) in only one case. An ELF library of the form libfoo-release.so.x.y will have a symlink of libfoo.so.x.y on an a.out platform. This is handled automatically. The -rpath argument is the install directory of the library being built. PLIST should include all of the .a, .la and so, .so.major and .so.major.minor entries. 4. When linking shared object (.so) files, i.e. files that are loaded via dlopen(3), NOT shared libraries, use "-module -avoid-version" to prevent them getting version tacked on. PLIST gets the foo.so entry. 5. When linking programs that depend on these libraries _before_ they are installed, preface the cc or ld line with "${LIBTOOL} --mode=link", and it will find the correct libraries (static or shared), but please be aware that libtool will not allow you to specify a relative path in -L (such as -L../somelib), because it expects you to change that argument to be the .la file. For example: ${LIBTOOL} --mode=link ${CC} -o someprog -L../somelib -lsomelib should be changed to: ${LIBTOOL} --mode=link ${CC} -o someprog ../somelib/somelib.la and it will DTRT with the libraries. 6. When installing libraries, preface the install or cp command with "${LIBTOOL} --mode=install", and change the library name to .la. For example: ${LIBTOOL} --mode=install ${BSD_INSTALL_DATA} ${SOMELIB:.a=.la} ${PREFIX}/lib This will install the static .a, shared library, any needed symlinks, and run "ldconfig." 7. In your PLIST, include all of the .a, .la, and so, .so.major and .so.major.minor files (this is a change from the previous behaviour). 6.3 Using libtool on GNU packages that already support libtool ============================================================== Add USE_LIBTOOL=yes and LTCONFIG_OVERRIDE=${WRKSRC}/ltconfig to the package Makefile as the quick way to bypass the pkg's own libtool. The pkg's own libtool is made by ltconfig script at do-configure target. If USE_LIBTOOL and LTCONFIG_OVERRIDE are defined, the specified ltconfig is overridden, using the pkgsrc/devel/libtool instead of the pkg's own libtool. For newer versions of libtool (without ltconfig) it may be necessary to use LIBTOOL_OVERRIDE=${WRKSRC}/libtool instead. If your package makes use of the platform independent library for loading dynamic shared objects, that comes with libtool (libltdl), you should include the libtool buildlink2.mk (and set USE_BUILDLINK2 to YES). Some packages use libtool incorrectly so that the package may not work or build in some circumstances. Some common errors are * The inclusion of a shared object (-module) as a dependent library in an executable or library. This in itself isn't a problem if one of two things has been done. 1. The shared object is named correctly, i.e. libfoo.la and not foo.la 2. The -dlopen option is used when linking an executable. * The use of libltdl without the correct calls to initialisation routines. The function lt_dlinit() should be called and the macro LTDL_SET_PRELOADED_SYMBOLS included in executables. 6.4 GNU Autoconf/Automake ========================= If a package needs GNU autoconf or automake to be executed to regenerate the configure script and Makefile.in makefile templates, then they should be executed in a pre-configure target. For packages that need only autoconf: pre-configure: cd ${WRKSRC}; ${LOCALBASE}/bin/autoconf and for packages that need automake and autoconf: pre-configure: cd ${WRKSRC}; \ ${LOCALBASE}/bin/aclocal; \ ${LOCALBASE}/bin/autoheader; \ ${LOCALBASE}/bin/automake -a --foreign -i; \ ${LOCALBASE}/bin/autoconf There are times when the configure process makes additional changes to the generated files, which then causes the build process to try to re-execute the automake sequence. This is prevented by touching various files in the configure stage. If this causes problems with your package you can set AUTOMAKE_OVERRIDE to NO in the package Makefile. 6.5 Package configuration files =============================== Packages should be taught to look for their configuration files in ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}, which is passed through to the configure and build processes. PKG_SYSCONFDIR may be customized in various ways by setting other make variables: * PKG_SYSCONFBASE is the main config directory under which all package configuration files are to be found. This defaults to ${PREFIX}/etc, but may be overridden in /etc/mk.conf. * PKG_SYSCONFSUBDIR is the subdirectory of PKG_SYSCONFBASE under which the configuration files for a particular package may be found, e.g. the Apache configuration files may all be found under the "httpd" subdirectory of ${PKG_SYSCONFBASE}. This is meant to be set in a package Makefile. * By default PKG_SYSCONFDIR=${PKG_SYSCONFBASE}/${PKG_SYSCONFSUBDIR}, but the default may be overridden by setting PKG_SYSCONFDIR.${PKG_SYSCONFVAR} for a particular package, where PKG_SYSCONFVAR defaults to ${PKGBASE}. This is not meant to be set by a package Makefile, but is reserved for users who wish to override the PKG_SYSCONFDIR setting for a particular package with a special location. The only variables that users should customize are PKG_SYSCONFBASE and PKG_SYSCONFDIR.${PKG_SYSCONFVAR}. Users will typically want to set PKG_SYSCONFBASE to /etc, or to accept the default location of ${PREFIX}/etc. 6.6 Feedback to the author ========================== If you have found any bugs in the package you make available, if you had to do special steps to make it run under NetBSD or if you enhanced the software in various other ways, be sure to report these changes back to the original author of the program! With that kind of support, the next release of the program can incorporate these fixes, and people not using the NetBSD packages system can win from your efforts. Support the idea of free software! 7 The build process =================== The basic steps for building a program are always the same. First the program's source (distfile) must be brought to the local system and then extracted. After any patches to compile properly on NetBSD are applied, the software can be configured, then built (usually by compiling), and finally the generated binaries etc. can be put into place on the system. These are exactly the steps performed by the NetBSD package system, which is implemented as a series of targets in a central Makefile, pkgsrc/mk/bsd.pkg.mk. 7.1 Program location ==================== Before outlining the process performed by the NetBSD package system in the next section, here's a brief discussion on where programs are installed, and which variables influence this. The automatic variable PREFIX indicates where all files of the final program shall be installed. It is usually set to $LOCALBASE (/usr/pkg), or $CROSSBASE for pkgs in the "cross" category, though its value becomes that of $X11BASE if USE_IMAKE or USE_X11BASE is set. The value ${PREFIX} needs to be put into the various places in the program's source where paths to these files are encoded; see sections 4.3 and 6.2 for details on this. When choosing which of these variables to use, follow the following rules: * ${PREFIX} always points to the location where the current pkg will be installed. When referring to a pkg's own installation path, use ${PREFIX}. * ${LOCALBASE} is where all non-X11 pkgs are installed. If you need to construct a -I or -L argument to the compiler to find includes and libraries installed by another non-X11 pkg, use ${LOCALBASE}. * ${X11BASE} is where the actual X11 distribution (from xsrc etc.) is installed. When looking for _standard_ X11 includes (not those installed by a pkg), use ${X11BASE}. * X11 based pkgs are special in that they may be installed in either X11BASE or LOCALBASE. To install X11 packages in LOCALBASE, simply install the xpkgwedge package (pkgsrc/pkgtools/xpkgwedge). If you need to find includes or libraries installed by a pkg that has USE_IMAKE or USE_X11BASE in its pkg Makefile, you need to use _both_ ${X11BASE} and ${LOCALBASE}. * ${X11PREFIX} should be used to refer to the installed location of an X11 package. X11PREFIX will be set to ${X11BASE} if xpkgwedge is not installed, and to ${LOCALBASE} if xpkgwedge is installed. * If xpkgwedge is installed, it is possible to have some packages installed in X11BASE and some in LOCALBASE. To determine the prefix of an installed package, the EVAL_PREFIX definition can be used. It takes pairs in the format DIRNAME=, and the make(1) variable DIRNAME will be set to the prefix of the installed package , or ${X11PREFIX} if the package is not installed. This is best illustrated by example. The following lines are taken from pkgsrc/wm/scwm/Makefile: EVAL_PREFIX+= GTKDIR=gtk+ CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --with-guile-prefix=${LOCALBASE} \ --with-gtk-prefix="${GTKDIR}" \ --enable-multibyte Specific defaults can be defined for the packages evaluated using EVAL_PREFIX, by using a definition of the form: GTKDIR_DEFAULT= ${LOCALBASE} where "GTKDIR" corresponds to the first definition in the EVAL_PREFIX pair. 7.2 Main targets ================ The main targets used during the build process defined in bsd.pkg.mk are: * fetch: This will check if the file(s) given in the variables DISTFILES and PATCHFILES (as defined in the package's Makefile) are present on the local system in /usr/pkgsrc/distfiles. If they are not present, an attempt will be made to fetch them using commands of the form ${FETCH_CMD} ${FETCH_BEFORE_ARGS} ${site}${file} ${FETCH_AFTER_ARGS} where ${site} varies through several possibilities in turn: first, ${MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE} is tried, then the sites specified in either ${SITES_file}, if defined, else ${MASTER_SITES} or ${PATCH_SITES}, as applies, then finally the value of ${MASTER_SITE_BACKUP}. The order of all except the first can be optionally sorted by the user, via setting either ${MASTER_SORT_AWK} or ${MASTER_SORT_REGEX}. * checksum: After the distfile(s) are fetched, their checksum is generated and compared with the checksums stored in the distinfo file. If the checksums don't match, the build is aborted. This is to ensure the same distfile is used for building, and that the distfile wasn't changed, e.g. by some malign force, deliberately changed distfiles on the master distribution site or network lossage. * extract: When the distfiles are present on the local system, they need to be extracted, as they are usually in the form of some compressed archive format, most commonly .tar.gz. If only some of the distfiles need to be uncompressed, the files to be uncompressed should be put into EXTRACT_ONLY. If the distfiles are not in .tar.gz format, they can be extracted by setting EXTRACT_CMD, EXTRACT_BEFORE_ARGS and/or EXTRACT_AFTER_ARGS. * patch: After extraction, all the patches named by the PATCHFILES, those present in the patches subdirectory of the package as well as in $LOCALPATCHES/$PKGPATH (e.g. /usr/local/patches/graphics/png) are applied. Patchfiles ending in .Z or .gz are uncompressed before they are applied, files ending in .orig or .rej are ignored. Any special options to patch(1) can be handed in PATCH_DIST_ARGS. See section 4.3 for more details. By default patch is given special args to make it fail if the patches with some lines of fuzz. Please fix (regen) the patches so that they apply cleanly. The rationale behind this is that patches that apply cleanly may end up being applied in the wrong place, and cause severe harm there. * configure: Most pieces of software need information on the header files, system calls, and library routines which are available in NetBSD. This is the process known as configuration, and is usually automated. In most cases, a script is supplied with the source, and its invocation results in generation of header files, Makefiles, etc. If the program's distfile contains its own configure script, this can be invoked by setting HAS_CONFIGURE. If the configure script is a GNU autoconf script, GNU_CONFIGURE should be specified instead. In either case, any arguments to the configure script can be specified in the CONFIGURE_ARGS variable, and the configure script's name can be set in CONFIGURE_SCRIPT if it differs from the default "configure". If the program uses an Imakefile for configuration, the appropriate steps can be invoked by setting USE_IMAKE to YES. (If you only want the package installed in $X11PREFIX but xmkmf not being run, set USE_X11BASE instead!) * build: Once configuration has taken place, the software can be built on NetBSD by invoking $MAKE_PROGRAM on $MAKEFILE with $ALL_TARGET as the target to build. The default MAKE_PROGRAM is "gmake" if USE_GMAKE is set, "make" otherwise. MAKEFILE is set to "Makefile" by default, and ALL_TARGET defaults to "all". Any of these variables can be set to change the default build process. * install: Once the build stage has completed, the final step is to install the software in public directories, for users. As in the build-target, $MAKE_PROGRAM is invoked on $MAKEFILE here, but with the $INSTALL_TARGET instead, the latter defaulting to "install" (plus "install.man", if USE_IMAKE is set). If no target is specified, the default is "build". If a subsequent stage is requested, all prior stages are made: e.g. "make build" will also perform the equivalent of: make fetch make checksum make extract make patch make configure make build 7.3 Other helpful targets ========================= * pre/post-* For any of the main targets described in the previous section, two auxiliary targets exist with "pre-" and "post-" used as a prefix for the main target's name. These targets are invoked before and after the main target is called, allowing extra configuration or installation steps, for example, which program's configure script or install target omitted. * do-*: Should one of the main targets do the wrong thing, and should there be no variable to fix this, you can redefine it with the do-* target. (Note that redefining the target itself instead of the do-* target is a bad idea, as the pre-* and post-* targets won't be called anymore, etc.) You will not usually need to do this. * reinstall: If you did a "make install" and you noticed some file was not installed properly, you can repeat the installation with this target, which will ignore the "already installed" flag. * deinstall: This target does a pkg_delete(1) in the current directory, effectively de-installing the package. The following variables can be used either on the command line or in /etc/mk.conf to tune the behaviour: - PKG_VERBOSE: Add a "-v" to the pkg_delete(1) command. - DEINSTALLDEPENDS: Remove all packages that require (depend on) the given package. This can be used to remove any packages that may have been pulled in by a given package, e.g. if "make deinstall DEINSTALLDEPENDS=1" is done in pkgsrc/x11/kde, this is likely to remove whole KDE. Works by adding a "-R" to the pkg_delete command line. * update: This target causes the current package to be updated to the latest version. The package and all depending packages first get de-installed, then current versions of the corresponding packages get compiled and installed. This is similar to manually noting which packages are currently installed, then performing a series of "make deinstall" and "make install" (or whatever UPDATE_TARGET is set to) for these packages. You can use the "update" target to resume package updating in case a previous "make update" was interrupted for some reason. However, in this case, make sure you don't call "make clean" or otherwise remove the list of dependent packages in ${WRKDIR}. Otherwise you lose the ability to automatically update the current package along with the dependent packages you have installed. Resuming an interrupted "make update" will only work as long as the package tree remains unchanged. If the source code for one of the packages to be updated has been changed, resuming "make update" will most certainly fail! The following variables can be used either on the command line or in /etc/mk.conf to alter the behaviour of "make update": - UPDATE_TARGET: Install target to recursively use for the updated package and the dependent packages. Defaults to ${DEPENDS_TARGET} if set, "install" otherwise for "make update". E.g. "make update UPDATE_TARGET=package" - NOCLEAN: Don't clean up after updating. Useful if you want to leave the work sources of the updated packages around for inspection or other purposes. Be sure you eventually clean up the source tree (see the "clean-update" target below) or you may run into troubles with old source code still lying around on your next "make" or "make update". - REINSTALL: Deinstall each package before installing (making ${DEPENDS_TARGET}). This may be necessary if the "clean-update" target (see below) was called after interrupting a running "make update". - DEPENDS_TARGET: Allows you to disable recursion and hardcode the target for packages. The default is "update" for the update target, facilitating a recursive update of prerequisite packages. Only set DEPENDS_TARGET if you want to disable recursive updates. Use "UPDATE_TARGET" instead to just set a specific target for each package to be installed during "make update" (see above). * clean-update: Clean the source tree for all packages that would get updated if "make update" was called from the current directory. This target should not be used if the current package (or any of its depending packages) have already been de-installed (e.g., after calling "make update") or you may lose some packages you intended to update. As a rule of thumb: only use this target _before_ the first time you call "make update" and only if you have a dirty package tree (e.g., if you used NOCLEAN). If you unsure about whether your tree is clean you can either perform a "make clean" at the top of the tree, or use the following sequence of commands from the directory of the package you want to update (*before* running "make update" for the first time, otherwise you lose all the packages you wanted to update!): make clean-update make clean CLEANDEPENDS=YES make update The following variables can be used either on the command line or in /etc/mk.conf to alter the behaviour of "make clean-update": - CLEAR_DIRLIST: After "make clean", do not reconstruct the list of directories to update for this package. Only use this if "make update" successfully installed all packages you wanted to update. Normally, this is done automatically on "make update", but may have been suppressed by the NOCLEAN variable (see above). * info: This target invokes "pkg_info" for the current package. You can use this e.g. to check which version of a package is installed. * readme: This target generates a README.html file, which can be viewed using a browser such as navigator (pkgsrc/www/navigator) or lynx (pkgsrc/www/lynx). The generated files contain references to any packages which are in the ${PACKAGES} directory on the local host. The generated files can be made to refer to URLs based on FTP_PKG_URL_HOST and FTP_PKG_URL_DIR. For example, if I wanted to generate README.html files which pointed to binary packages on the local machine, in the directory /usr/packages, set FTP_PKG_URL_HOST=file://localhost and FTP_PKG_URL_DIR=/usr/packages. The ${PACKAGES} directory and its subdirectories will be searched for all the binary packages. * readme-all: Use this target to create a file README-all.html which contains a list of all packages currently available in the NetBSD Packages Collection, together with the category they belong to and a short description. This file is compiled from the pkgsrc/*/README.html files, so be sure to run this _after_ a "make readme". * cdrom-readme: This is very much the same as the readme: target (see above), but is to be used when generating a pkgsrc tree to be written to a CD-ROM. This target also produces README.html files, and can be made to refer to URLs based on CDROM_PKG_URL_HOST and CDROM_PKG_URL_DIR. * show-distfiles: This target shows which distfiles and patchfiles are needed to build the package. (DISTFILES and PATCHFILES, but not patches/*) * show-downlevel: This target shows nothing if the package is not installed. If a version of this package is installed, but is not the version provided in this version of pkgsrc, then a warning message is displayed. This target can be used to show which of your installed packages are downlevel, and so the old versions can be deleted, and the current ones added. * show-pkgsrc-dir: This target shows the directory in the pkgsrc hierarchy from which the package can be built and installed. This may not be the same directory as the one from which the package was installed. This target is intended to be used by people who may wish to upgrade many packages on a single host, and can be invoked from the top-level pkgsrc Makefile by using the target "show-host-specific-pkgs" * show-installed-depends: This target shows which installed packages match the current package's DEPENDS. Useful if out of date DEPENDS are causing build problems. * check-shlibs: After a package is installed, check all it's binaries and (on ELF platforms) shared libraries if they find the shared libs they need. Run by default if PKG_DEVELOPER is set in /etc/mk.conf. * print-PLIST: After a 'make install' from a new or upgraded pkg, this prints out an attempt to generate a new PLIST from a 'find -newer work/.extract_done'. An attempt is made to care for shared libs etc., but it is STRONGLY recommended to review the result before putting it into PLIST. On upgrades, it's useful to diff the output of this command against an already existing PLIST file. If the package installs files via tar(1) or other methods that don't update file access times, be sure to add these files manually to your PLIST, as 'find -newer' won't catch them! * bulk-package: Used to do bulk builds. If an appropriate binary package already exists, no action is taken. If not, this target will compile, install and package it (and it's depends, if PKG_DEPENDS is set properly, see section 3.2.1). After creating the binary package, the sources, the just-installed package and it's required packages are removed, preserving free disk space. * bulk-install: Used during bulk-installs to install required packages. If an appropriate binary package is available, it will be installed via pkg_add. If not, "make bulk-package" will be executed, but the installed binary not be removed. A binary package is "appropriate" to be installed via pkg_add if: - None of the package's files (Makefile, ...) were modified since it was built - None of the package's required (binary) packages were modified since it was built 8 buildlink2 methodology ======================== "buildlink2" is a pkgsrc framework that controls what headers and libraries are seen by a package's configure and build processes. This is implemented in a two step process: (1) Symlink headers and libraries for dependencies into ${BUILDLINK_DIR}, which by default is a subdirectory of ${WRKDIR}; (2) Create wrapper scripts that are used in place of the normal compiler tools that translate -I${LOCALBASE}/include and -L${LOCALBASE}/lib into references into ${BUILDLINK_DIR}. This normalizes the environment in which a package is built so that the package may be built consistently despite what may other software may installed. Please refer to pkgsrc/mk/buildlink2/buildlink2.txt for some FAQs and answers regarding buildlink2, and to pkgsrc/mk/buildlink2/README for a description of how buildlink2 is implemented in pkgsrc. 8.1 Converting packages to use buildlink2 ========================================= The process of converting packages to use the buildlink2 framework is fairly straightforward. The package Makefile must define USE_BUILDLINK2. If a dependency on a particular package, e.g. foo, is required for its libraries and headers, then we replace: DEPENDS+= foo>=1.1.0:../../category/foo with .include "../../category/foo/buildlink2.mk" There are several buildlink2.mk files in pkgsrc/mk that handle special package issues: * motif.buildlink2.mk checks for a system-provided Motif installation or adds a dependency on x11/lesstif or x11/openmotif; * ossaudio.buildlink2.mk defines several variables that may be used by packages that use the Open Sound System (OSS) API; * pthread.buildlink2.mk uses the value of PTHREAD_OPTS and checks for native pthreads or adds a dependency on devel/pth as needed; * xaw.buildlink2.mk uses the value of XAW_TYPE to choose a particular Athena widgets library. The comments in those buildlink2.mk files provide a more complete description of how to use them properly. 8.2 Writing buildlink2.mk files =============================== A simple example of a buildlink2.mk file for a mythical package foo follows: BUILDLINK_PACKAGES+= foo BUILDLINK_PKGBASE.foo= foo BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.foo?= foo>=1.0 BUILDLINK_PKGSRCDIR.foo?= ../../category/foo EVAL_PREFIX+= BUILDLINK_PREFIX.foo=foo BUILDLINK_PREFIX.foo_DEFAULT= ${LOCALBASE} BUILDLINK_FILES.foo= include/foo.h BUILDLINK_FILES.foo+= include/bar.h BUILDLINK_FILES.foo+= lib/libfoo.* BUILDLINK_TARGETS+= foo-buildlink foo-buildlink: _BUILDLINK_USE The first section controls how the dependency on foo is added. The dependency is constructed from four parts: (1) BUILDLINK_PACKAGES is the global list of packages for which dependencies will be added by buildlink2; (2) BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.foo is the actual dependency recorded in the installed package; (3) BUILDLINK_PKGSRCDIR.foo is the location of the foo pkgsrc directory; (4) BUILDLINK_DEPMETHOD.foo (not shown above) controls whether we use BUILD_DEPENDS or DEPENDS to add the foo dependency, where the full dependency is added if BUILDLINK_DEPMETHOD.foo contains "full". The second section controls which files are linked into ${BUILDLINK_DIR}: (1) BUILDLINK_PREFIX.foo is the installation prefix of the package which we derive by using EVAL_PREFIX; (2) BUILDLINK_FILES.foo is a list of files (shell globs allowed) relative to the BUILDLINK_PREFIX.foo directory and will be symlinked into ${BUILDLINK_DIR}; (3) BUILDLINK_FILES_CMD.foo (not shown above) is a shell pipeline that outputs a list of files relative to the BUILDLINK_PREFIX.foo directory and will be symlinked into ${BUILDLINK_DIR}. The remaining parts create the foo-buildlink target that actually performs the symlinking and adds the foo-buildlink target to BUILDLINK_TARGETS, which is the global list of targets to execute at do-buildlink time. 9 Debugging =========== To check out all the gotchas when building a package, here are the steps that I do in order to get a package working. Please note this is basically the same as what was explained in the previous sections, only with some debugging aids. * Make sure PKG_DEVELOPER=1 is in /etc/mk.conf * Create a new directory, and run # url2pkg http://www.example.com/path/to/distfile.tar.gz You'll need to have pkgsrc/pkgtools/url2pkg installed for that. * Edit the Makefile as requested. * Fill in DESCR * ``make configure'' * Add any dependancies glimpsed from the configure step to the package's Makefile. * Make the package compile, doing multiple rounds of # make # pkgvi ${WRKSRC}/some/file/that/does/not/compile # mkpatches # patchdiff # mv ${WRKDIR}/.newpatches/* patches # make mps # make clean [ mkpatches, patchdiff and pkgvi are from pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkgdiff ] Doing as non-root user will assure that no files are modified that shouldn't, esp. not during the build phase. * Look at Makefile, fix if necessary; see section 4.1. * Generate a PLIST: # make install # make print-PLIST > PLIST # make deinstall # make install # make deinstall You usually need to be root to do this. * Look if there are any files left: # make print-PLIST If this brings up any files that are missing in PLIST, add them. * Now that the PLIST is ok, install the package again and make a binary package: # make reinstall && make package * Delete the installed package: # pkg_delete blub * Repeat the above find command, which shouldn't find anything now: # make print-PLIST * Reinstall the binary package: # pkg_add ..../blub.tgz * Play with it. Make sure everything works. * Run pkglint from pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkglint, and fix the problems it reports. # pkglint * Submit (or commit, if you have cvs access); see section 11. 10 FAQs & features of the package system ======================================== 10.1 Packages using GNU autoconf ================================ If your package uses GNU autoconf created configure scripts, add the following to your package's Makefile: GNU_CONFIGURE= yes Note that this appends --prefix=${PREFIX} to CONFIGURE_ARGS, so you don't have to do that yourself, and this may not be what you want. 10.2 Other distrib methods than .tar.gz ======================================= If your package uses a different distribution method from .tar.gz, take a look at the package for pkgsrc/editors/sam, which uses a gzipped shell archive (shar), but the quick solution is to set EXTRACT_SUFX to the name after the DISTNAME field, and add the following to your package's Makefile: EXTRACT_SUFX= .msg.gz EXTRACT_CMD= zcat EXTRACT_BEFORE_ARGS= EXTRACT_AFTER_ARGS= |sh 10.3 Packages not creating their own subdirectory ================================================= Your package doesn't create a subdirectory for itself (like GNU software does, for instance), but extracts itself in the current directory: see pkgsrc/editors/sam again, but the quick answer is: WRKSRC= ${WRKDIR} Please note that the old NO_WRKSUBDIR= yes has been deprecated and should not be used. 10.4 Custom configuration process ================================= Your package uses a weird Configure script: See the top package, but the quick answer is: HAS_CONFIGURE= yes CONFIGURE_SCRIPT= Configure CONFIGURE_ARGS+= netbsd13 10.5 Packages not building in their DISTNAME directory ====================================================== Your package builds in a different directory from its base DISTNAME - see tcl and tk packages: WRKSRC= ${WRKDIR}/${DISTNAME}/unix 10.6 How to fetch all distfiles at once ======================================= You would like to download all the distfiles in a single batch from work or university, where you can't run a "make fetch". But there's no archive of the distfiles on ftp.netbsd.org and the one on ftp.freebsd.org contains many distfiles for which there are no ports (yet). The answer here is to do a "make fetch-list" in /usr/pkgsrc, carry the resulting list to your machine at work/school and use it there If you don't have a NetBSD-compatible ftp(1) (like lukemftp) at work, don't forget to set FETCH_CMD to something that fetches an URL: At home: % cd /usr/pkgsrc % make fetch-list FETCH_CMD=wget DISTDIR=/tmp/distfiles >/tmp/fetch.sh % scp /tmp/fetch.sh work:/tmp At work: % sh /tmp/fetch.sh % tar up /tmp/distfiles and take it home If you have a machine running NetBSD, and you want to get *all* distfiles (even ones that aren't for your machine architecture), you can do so by using the above-mentioned 'make fetch-list'-approach, or fetch the distfiles directly by typing: % make mirror-distfiles If you even decide to ignore NO_{SRC,BIN}_ON_{FTP,CDROM}, then you can get all & everything by typing % make fetch NO_IGNORE=yes 10.7 How to fetch files from behind a firewall ============================================== If you are sitting behind a firewall which does not allow direct connections to Internet hosts (i.e. non-NAT), you may specify the relevant proxy hosts. This is done using an environment variable in the form of a URL e.g. in Amdahl, the machine orpheus.amdahl.com is one of the firewalls, and it uses port 80 as the proxy port number. So the proxy environment variables look like: ftp_proxy=ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/ http_proxy=http://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/ 10.8 If your patch contains an RCS ID ===================================== See section 4.3 on how to remove RCS IDs from patch files. 10.9 How to pull in variables from /etc/mk.conf =============================================== The problem with package-defined variables that can be overridden via MAKECONF or /etc/mk.conf is that make(1) expands a variable as it is used, but evaluates preprocessor like statements (.if, .ifdef and .ifndef) as they are read. So, to use any variable (which may be set in /etc/mk.conf) in one of the .if* statements, the file /etc/mk.conf must be included before that .if* statement. Rather than have a number of ad-hoc ways of including /etc/mk.conf, should it exist, or MAKECONF, should it exist, include the pkgsrc/mk/bsd.prefs.mk file in the package Makefile before any preprocessor-like .if, .ifdef, or .ifndef statements: .include "../../mk/bsd.prefs.mk" .if defined(USE_MENUS) ... .endif 10.10 Is there a mailing list for pkg-related discussion? ========================================================= Yes. We are using tech-pkg@netbsd.org for discussing package related issues. To subscribe do: % echo subscribe tech-pkg | mail majordomo@netbsd.org 10.11 How do i tell "make fetch" to do passive FTP? =================================================== This depends on which utility is used to retrieve distfiles. From bsd.pkg.mk, FETCH_CMD is assigned the first available command from the following list: /usr/bin/fetch ${LOCALBASE}/bsd/bin/ftp /usr/bin/ftp On a default NetBSD install, this will be /usr/bin/ftp, which automatically tries passive connections first, and falls back to active connections if the server refuses to do passive. For the other tools, add the following to your /etc/mk.conf file: PASSIVE_FETCH=1 Having that option present will prevent /usr/bin/ftp from falling back to active transfers. 10.12 Dependencies on other packages ==================================== Your package may depend on some other package being present - and there are various ways of expressing this dependency. NetBSD supports the BUILD_DEPENDS and DEPENDS definitions, as well as dependencies via buildlink2.mk (see section 8). The basic difference between the two definitions is as follows: The DEPENDS definition registers that pre-requisite in the binary package, whilst the BUILD_DEPENDS definition does not. This means that if you only need a package present whilst you are building, it should be noted as a BUILD_DEPENDS. The format for a BUILD_DEPENDS and a DEPENDS definition is: :../..// Please note that the "pre-req-package-name" may include any of the wildcard version numbers recognised by pkg_info(1). (a) If your package needs to use another package to build itself, this is specified using the BUILD_DEPENDS definition. BUILD_DEPENDS+= autoconf-2.13:../../devel/autoconf (b) If your package needs a library with which to link, this is specified using the DEPENDS definition. An example of this is the pkgsrc/print/lyx package, which uses the xpm library, version 3.4j to build. DEPENDS+= xpm-3.4j:../../graphics/xpm You can also use wildcards in package dependences: DEPENDS+= xpm-[0-9]*:../../graphics/xpm Note that such wildcard dependencies are retained when creating binary packages. The dependency is checked when installing the binary package and any package which matches the pattern will be used. Wildcard dependencies should be used with care. The -[0-9]* should be used instead of -* to avoid potentially ambiguous matches such as tk-postgresql matching a tk-* DEPEND. (c) If your package needs some executable to be able to run correctly, this is specified using the DEPENDS definition. The pkgsrc/print/lyx package needs to be able to execute the latex binary from the teTex package when it runs, and that is specified: DEPENDS+= teTex-[0-9]*:../../print/teTeX The comment about wildcard dependencies from previous paragraph applies here, too. If your package needs files from another package to build, see the first part of the "do-configure" target pkgsrc/print/ghostscript5 package (it relies on the jpeg sources being present in source form during the build): if [ ! -e ${_PKGSRCDIR}/graphics/jpeg/${WRKDIR:T}/jpeg-6b ]; then \ cd ${_PKGSRCDIR}/../../graphics/jpeg && ${MAKE} extract; \ fi If you build any other packages that way, please make sure the working files are deleted too when this package's working files are cleaned up. The easiest way to do so is by adding a pre-clean target: pre-clean: cd ${_PKGSRCDIR}/../../graphics/jpeg && ${MAKE} clean Please also note the BUILD_USES_MSGFMT and BUILD_USES_GETTEXT_M4 definitions, which are provided as convenience definitions. The former works out whether msgfmt(1) is part of the base system, and, if it isn't, installs the pkgsrc/devel/gettext package. The latter adds a build dependency on either an installed version of an older gettext package, or if it isn't, installs the pkgsrc/devel/gettext-m4 package. 10.13 Conflicts with other packages =================================== Your package may conflict with other packages a user might already have installed on his system, e.g. if your package installs the same set of files like another package in our pkgsrc tree. In this case you can set CONFLICTS to a space separated list of packages (including version string) your package conflicts with. For example pkgsrc/x11/Xaw3d and pkgsrc/x11/Xaw-Xpm install provide the same shared library, thus you set in pkgsrc/x11/Xaw3d/Makefile: CONFLICTS= Xaw-Xpm-[0-9]* and in pkgsrc/x11/Xaw-Xpm/Makefile: CONFLICTS= Xaw3d-[0-9]* Packages will automatically conflict with other packages with the name prefix and a different version string. "Xaw3d-1.5" e.g. will automatically conflict with the older version "Xaw3d-1.3". 10.14 Software which has a WWW Home Page ======================================== The NetBSD packages system now supports a variable called HOMEPAGE. If the software being packaged has a home page, the Makefile should include the URL for that page in the HOMEPAGE variable. The definition of the variable should be placed immediately after the MAINTAINER variable. 10.15 How to handle modified distfiles with the 'old' name ========================================================== Sometimes authors of a software package make some modifications after the software was released, and they put up a new distfile without changing the package's version number. If a package is already in pkgsrc at that time, the md5 checksum will no longer match. The correct way to work around this is to update the package's md5 checksum to match the package on the master site (beware, any mirrors may not be up to date yet!), and to remove the old distfile from ftp.netbsd.org's /pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles directory. Furthermore, a mail to the package's author seems appropriate making sure the distfile was really updated on purpose, and that no trojan horse or so crept in. 10.16 What does "Don't know how to make /usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc" mean? ========================================================================= When compiling the pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkg_install package, you get the error from make that it doesn't know how to make /usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc? This indicates that you don't have installed the "text" set on your machine (nroff, ...). It is recommended to do that. In the case of the pkg_install package, you can get away with setting NOMAN=YES either in the environment or in /etc/mk.conf. 10.17 How to handle incrementing versions when fixing an existing package ========================================================================= When making fixes to an existing package it can be useful to change the version number in PKGNAME. To avoid conflicting with future versions by the original author, a 'nb1' ('nb2', ...) suffix can be used on package versions by setting PKGREVISION=1 (2,. ..). The "nb" is treated like a "." by the pkg tools. E.g. DISTNAME= foo-17.42 PKGREVISION= 9 will result in a PKGNAME of foo-17.42nb9. When a new release of the package is released, the PKGREVISION should be removed. E.g. on a new minor release of the above package, things should be like: DISTNAME= foo-17.43 10.18 "Could not find bsd.own.mk" - what's wrong? ================================================= You didn't install the compiler set, comp.tgz, when you installed your NetBSD machine. Please get it and install it, by extracting it in /: # tar --unlink -pvxf .../comp.tgz comp.tgz is part of every NetBSD release, please get the one matching the release you have installed (determine via "uname -r"). 10.19 Restricted packages ========================= Some licenses restrict how software may be re-distributed. In order to satisfy these restrictions, the package system defines five make variables that can be set to note these restrictions: * RESTRICTED: This variable should be set whenever a restriction exists (regardless of its kind). Set this variable to a string containing the reason for the restriction. * NO_BIN_ON_CDROM: Binaries may not be placed on CD-ROM. Set this variable to ${RESTRICTED} whenever a binary package may not be included on a CD-ROM. * NO_BIN_ON_FTP: Binaries may not be placed on an ftp server. Set this variable to ${RESTRICTED} whenever a binary package may not not be made available on the Internet. * NO_SRC_ON_CDROM: Distfiles may not be placed on CD-ROM. Set this variable to ${RESTRICTED} if re-distribution of the source code or other distfile(s) is not allowed on CD-ROMs. * NO_SRC_ON_FTP: Distfiles may not be placed on FTP. Set this variable to ${RESTRICTED} if re-distribution of the source code or other distfile(s) via the Internet is not allowed. Please note that the use of NO_PACKAGE, IGNORE, NO_CDROM, or other generic make variables to denote restrictions is deprecated, because they unconditionally prevent users from generating binary packages! 10.20 Packages using (n)curses ============================== Some packages need curses functionality that wasn't present in NetBSD's own curses prior to 1.4Y. If ../../devel/ncurses/buildlink2.mk is included in a package's Makefile, then a curses library and headers with ncurses functionality are linked into ${BUILDLINK_DIR} at pre-configure time. If ncurses is actually required, then define USE_NCURSES in the package's Makefile. 10.21 Automated security check ============================== Please be aware that there can often be bugs in third-party software, and some of these bugs can leave a machine vulnerable to exploitation by attackers. In an effort to lessen the exposure, the NetBSD packages team maintains a database of known-exploits to packages which have at one time been included in pkgsrc. The database can be downloaded automatically, and a security audit of all packages installed on a system can take place. To do this, install the pkgsrc/security/audit-packages package. It has two components: (1) download-vulnerability-list, an easy way to download a list of the security vulnerabilities information. This list is kept up to date by the NetBSD security officer and the NetBSD packages team, and is distributed from the NetBSD ftp server: ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles/vulnerabilities (2) audit-packages, an easy way to audit the current machine, checking each vulnerability which is known. If a vulnerable package is installed, it will be shown by output to stdout, including a description of the type of vulnerability, and a URL containing more information. Use of the audit-packages package is strongly recommended. The following message is displayed as part of the audit-packages installation procedure: ====================================================================== You may wish to have the vulnerabilities file downloaded daily so that it remains current. This may be done by adding an appropriate entry to the root users crontab(5) entry. For example the entry # download vulnerabilities file 0 3 * * * ${PREFIX}/sbin/download-vulnerability-list >/dev/null 2>&1 will update the vulnerability list every day at 3AM. In addition, you may wish to run the package audit from the daily security script. This may be accomplished by adding the following lines to /etc/security.local if [ -x ${PREFIX}/sbin/audit-packages ]; then ${PREFIX}/sbin/audit-packages fi ====================================================================== Note to package developers: When a vulnerability is found, this should be noted in localsrc/security/advisories/pkg-vulnerabilities, and after the commit of that file, it should be copied to /pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles/vulnerabilities on ftp.netbsd.org. 10.22 What's the proper way to create an account from a package? ================================================================ There are two make variables used to control the creation of package-specific groups and users at pre-install time. The first is PKG_GROUPS, which is a list of group[:groupid] elements, where the groupid is optional. The second is PKG_USERS, which is a list of elements of the form: user:group[:[userid][:[description][:[home][:shell]]]] where only the user and group are required, the rest being optional. A simple example is: PKG_GROUPS= foogroup PKG_USERS= foouser:foogroup A more complex example is that creates two groups and two users is: PKG_GROUPS= group1 group2:1005 PKG_USERS= first:group1::First\\ User \ second:group2::Second\\ User:/home/second:${SH} By default, a new user will have home directory /nonexistent, and login shell /sbin/nologin unless they are specified as part of the user element. The package Makefile must also include "../../mk/bsd.pkg.install.mk" prior to the inclusion of bsd.pkg.mk. This will cause the users and groups to be created at pre-install time, and the admin will be prompted to remove them at post-deinstall time. Automatic creation of the users and groups can be toggled on and off by setting the environment variable PKG_CREATE_USERGROUP prior to package installation. 10.23 How to handle compiler bugs ================================= Some source files trigger bugs in the compiler, based on combinations of compiler version and architecture and almost always relation to optimsation being enabled. Common symptoms are gcc internal errors or never finishing compiling a file. Typically a workaround involves testing the MACHINE_ARCH and compiler version, disabling optimisation for that file/MACHINE_ARCH/compiler combination, and documenting it in doc/HACKS. See doc/HACKS for examples. 10.24 Packages providing info files =================================== Some packages install info files or use the makeinfo or install-info commands. In such cases, the makefile fragment mk/texinfo.mk should be included in the package Makefile before the inclusion of mk/bsd.pkg.mk. Newer versions of texinfo (version 4 and above) are, unfortunately, incompatible from previous versions at the command line level and some extensions were introduced in the TeXinfo macro set. So the package creator should ensure that the correct binaries are selected, rather than relying on the contents of the PATH variable in the shell. The main info directory file needs to be updated to reflect the installation of info files. Some packages' installation processes take care of this for you. Otherwise the NetBSD Packages Collection has an INFO_FILES definition which can be used to do this. Simply use the INFO_FILES= ident.info definition in the package Makefile, where "ident.info" is the name of the info file which installs an info dir entry. A package creator should also take care that the package build and install process uses the correct version of the makeinfo and install-info commands. Some Makefiles and configure scripts from recent software packages include the pathnames to the makeinfo and install-info commands. Unfortunately, older software packages tend not to do this, and, should this be the case, further action is required of the package creator. The mk/texinfo.mk makefile fragment will ensure that the proper makeinfo and install-info commands are available on the system as well as help the configure and build process of the package to use known binaries for these commands. If a minimum version of makeinfo and install-info commands are required, define TEXINFO_REQD in the package's Makefile to this mininum version. If a package is not well behaved (i.e., it does not pick MAKEINFO or INSTALL_INFO in the environment at configure or build time) you should do one of the following, whichever is more appropriate: a) patch the package files so MAKEINFO or INSTALL_INFO are picked from the environment at configure or build time and get used instead of relying on makeinfo or install-info being accessible in PATH; b) put TEXINFO_OVERRIDE=YES in the package Makefile to let some sed manipulation happen on some packages source files (see contents of mk/texinfo.mk). 10.25 Packages whose distfiles aren't available for plain downloading ===================================================================== If you need to download from a dynamic URL you can set DYNAMIC_MASTER_SITES and a 'make fetch' will call files/getsite.sh with the name of each file to download as an argument, expecting it to output the URL of the directory from which to download it. graphics/ns-cult3d is an example of this usage. If the download can't be automated, because the user must submit personal information to apply for a password, or must pay for the source, or whatever, you can set _FETCH_MESSAGE to a macro which displays a message explaining the situation. _FETCH_MESSAGE must be executable shell commands, not just a message. (Generally, it executes ${ECHO}). As of this writing, the following packages use this: audio/realplayer, cad/simian, devel/ipv6socket, emulators/vmare-module, fonts/acroread-jpnfont, sysutils/storage-manager, www/ap-aolserver, www/openacs. Try to be consistent with them. 10.26 Using pkgsrc on non-NetBSD (Linux, Solaris, Darwin, MacOS X) ================================================================== In order to use pkgsrc on a non-NetBSD operating system, you must first bootstrap the necessary utilities (BSD make, pkg_*, ...). See http://www.zoularis.org/ for information on boostrapping. 10.27 Configuration files handling and placement ================================================ The global variable PKG_SYSCONFBASE (and some others) can be set by the system administrator in /etc/mk.conf to define the place where configuration files get installed. Therefore, packages must be adapted to support this feature. Keep in mind that you should only install files that are strictly necessary in the configuration directory, files that can go to $PREFIX/share should go there. We will take a look at available variables first (bsd.pkg.mk contains more information). PKG_SYSCONFDIR is where the configuration files for a package may be found (that is, the full path, e.g. /etc or /usr/pkg/etc). This value may be customized in various ways: 1) PKG_SYSCONFBASE is the main config directory under which all package configuration files are to be found. Users will typically want to set it to /etc, or accept the default location of $PREFIX/etc. 2) PKG_SYSCONFSUBDIR is the subdirectory of PKG_SYSCONFBASE under which the configuration files for a particular package may be found. Defaults to $SYSCONFBASE 3) PKG_SYSCONFVAR is the special suffix used to distinguish any overriding values for a particular package (see next item). It defaults to ${PKGBASE}, but for a collection of related packages that should all have the same PKG_SYSCONFDIR value, it can be set in each of the package Makefiles to a common value. 4) PKG_SYSCONFDIR.${PKG_SYSCONFVAR} overrides the value of ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR} for packages with the same value for PKG_SYSCONFVAR. As an example, all the various KDE packages may want to set PKG_SYSCONFVAR to "kde" so admins can set ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR.kde} in /etc/mk.conf to define where to install KDE config files. Programs' configuration directory should be defined during the configure stage. Packages that use GNU autoconf can usually do this by using the --sysconfdir parameter, but this brings some problems as we will see now. When you change this pathname in packages, you should not allow them to install files in that directory directly. Instead they need to install those files under share/examples/${PKGNAME} so PLIST can register them. Once you have the required configuration files in place (under the share/examples directory) the variable CONF_FILES should be set to copy them into PKG_SYSCONFDIR. The contents of this variable is formed by pairs of filenames; the first element of the pair specifies the file inside the examples directory (registered by PLIST) and the second element specifies the target file. This is done this way to allow binary packages to place files in the right directory using INSTALL/DEINSTALL scripts which are created automatically. The package Makefile must also include "../../mk/bsd.pkg.install.mk" prior to the inclusion of bsd.pkg.mk to use these automatically generated scripts. The automatic copying of config files can be toggled by setting the environment variable PKG_CONFIG prior to package installation. Here is an example, taken from mail/mutt/Makefile: EGDIR= ${PREFIX}/share/doc/mutt/samples CONF_FILES= ${EGDIR}/Muttrc ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}/Muttrc As you can see, this package installs configuration files inside EGDIR, which are registered by PLIST. After that, the variable CONF_FILES lists the installed file first and then the target file. Users will also get an automatic message when files are installed using this method. 11 Submitting & Committing ========================== 11.1 Submitting your packages ============================= You have to separate between binary and "normal" (source) packages here: * precompiled binary packages: Our policy is that we accept binaries only from NetBSD developers to guarantee that the packages don't contain any trojan horses etc. This is not to piss anyone off but rather to protect our users! You're still free to put up your home-made binary packages and tell the world where to get them. * packages: First, check that your package is complete, compiles and runs well; see section 9 and the rest of this document. Next, generate a gzipped tar-file of all the files needed for the package, preferably with all files in a single directory. Place this tar-file to a place where the package maintainers can fetch it using FTP or HTTP (WWW). Finally, send-pr with category "pkg", a synopsis which includes the package name and version number, a short description of your package (contents of the COMMENT variable are OK) and the URL of your tar-file. You will be notified if your send-pr has been addressed so you can remove the tar-file. If you want to submit several packages, please send a separate PR for each one, it's easier for us to track things that way. 11.2 Committing: Importing the package into CVS =============================================== This section is only of interest for NetBSD developers with write access to the NetBSD pkgsrc repository. Please remember that cvs imports files relative to the cwd, and that the pathname that you give the "cvs import" command is so that it knows where to place the files in the repository. Newly created packages should be imported with a vendor tag of "TNF" and a release tag of "pkgsrc-base", e.g: % cd .../pkgsrc// % cvs import pkgsrc// TNF pkgsrc-base and remember to move the directory from which you imported out of the way, or cvs will complain the next time you "cvs update" your source tree. Also don't forget to add the new package to the category's Makefile. The commit message of the initial import should include part of the DESCR file, so people reading the mailing lists know what the package is/does. Please note all package updates/additions in pkgsrc/doc/CHANGES! It's very important to keep this file up to date and conforming to the existing format, because it will be used by scripts to automatically update pages on www.netbsd.org and other sites. For new packages, "cvs import" is preferred to "cvs add" because the former gets everything with a single command, and provides a consistent tag. 11.3 Updating a Package to a Newer Version ========================================== Please always put a concise, appropriate and relevant summary of the changes between old and new versions into the commit log when updating a package. There are various reasons for this: + a URL is volatile, and can change over time. It may go away completely, or its information may be overwritten by newer information. + having the change information between old and new versions in our CVS repository is very useful for people who use either cvs or anoncvs. + having the change information between old and new versions in our CVS repository is very useful for people who read the pkgsrc-changes mailing list, so that they can make tactical decisions about when to upgrade the package. Please also recognise that, just because a new version of a package has been released, it should not automatically be upgraded in the CVS repository. We prefer to be conservative in the packages that are included in pkgsrc - development or beta packages are not really the best thing for most places in which pkgsrc is used. Please use your judgement about what should go into pkgsrc, and bear in mind that stability is to be preferred above new and possibly untested features. 11.4 Moving a Package in pkgsrc =============================== 1. Make a copy of the directory somewhere else. 2. Remove all CVS dirs. Alternatively to the first two steps you can also do: cvs -d user@cvs.netbsd.org:/cvsroot export -D today pkgsrc/category/package and use that for further work. 3. Fix CATEGORIES and any DEPENDS paths that just did ../package instead of ../../category/package. 4. "cvs import" the modified package in the new place. 5. Check if any package depends on it: cd /usr/pkgsrc grep /package */*/Makefile* */*/buildlink* 6. Fix paths in packages from step 5 to point to new location. 7. "cvs rm (-f)" the package at the old location. 8. Remove from oldcategory/Makefile. 9. Add to newcategory/Makefile. 10. Commit the changed and removed files: cvs commit oldcategory/package oldcategory/Makefile newcategory/Makefile and any packages from step 5, of course. 12 A simple example of a package: bison ======================================= I checked to find a piece of software that wasn't in the packages collection, and picked GNU bison. Quite why someone would want to have bison when Berkeley yacc is already present in the tree is beyond me, but it's useful for the purposes of this exercise. 12.1 files ========== The file contents in this section must be used without the "> " prefix. 12.1.1 Makefile =============== # <$>NetBSD<$> DISTNAME= bison-1.25 CATEGORIES= devel MASTER_SITES= ${MASTER_SITE_GNU} MAINTAINER= thorpej@netbsd.org HOMEPAGE= http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/bison.html COMMENT= GNU yacc clone GNU_CONFIGURE= yes INFO_FILES= bison.info .include "../../mk/texinfo.mk" .include "../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk" 12.1.2 DESCR ================ GNU version of yacc. Can make re-entrant parsers, and numerous other improvements. Why you would want this when Berkeley yacc(1) is part of the NetBSD source tree is beyond me. 12.1.3 PLIST ================ @comment <$>NetBSD<$> bin/bison man/man1/bison.1.gz @unexec install-info --delete %D/info/bison.info %D/info/dir info/bison.info info/bison.info-1 info/bison.info-2 info/bison.info-3 info/bison.info-4 info/bison.info-5 @exec install-info %D/info/bison.info %D/info/dir share/bison.simple share/bison.hairy 12.1.4 Checking a package "pkglint" =================================== The NetBSD package system comes with a tool called "pkglint" (located in the directory "pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkglint") which helps to check the contents of these files. After installation it is quite easy to use, just change to the directory of the package you wish to examine and execute "pkglint": % pkglint OK: checking ./DESCR. OK: checking Makefile. OK: checking distinfo. OK: checking patches/patch-aa. looks fine. Depending on the supplied command line arguments (see "man pkglint") more verbose checks will be performed. Use e.g. "pkglint -v" for a very verbose check. 12.2 Steps for building, installing, packaging ============================================== Create the directory where the package lives, plus any auxiliary directories: # cd /usr/pkgsrc/lang # mkdir bison # cd bison # mkdir patches pkg Create Makefile, DESCR and PLIST as in section 11.1, then continue with fetching the distfile: # make fetch >> bison-1.25.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system. >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu//. Requesting ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/) ftp: Error retrieving file: 500 Internal error >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/systems/gnu//. Requesting ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/systems/gnu//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/) ftp: Error retrieving file: 500 Internal error >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles//. Requesting ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/) Successfully retrieved file. Generate the checksum of the distfile into distinfo: # make makesum Now compile: # make >> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz. ===> Extracting for bison-1.25 ===> Patching for bison-1.25 ===> Ignoring empty patch directory ===> Configuring for bison-1.25 creating cache ./config.cache checking for gcc... cc checking whether we are using GNU C... yes checking for a BSD compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin checking how to run the C preprocessor... cc -E checking for minix/config.h... no checking for POSIXized ISC... no checking whether cross-compiling... no checking for ANSI C header files... yes checking for string.h... yes checking for stdlib.h... yes checking for memory.h... yes checking for working const... yes checking for working alloca.h... no checking for alloca... yes checking for strerror... yes updating cache ./config.cache creating ./config.status creating Makefile ===> Building for bison-1.25 cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g LR0.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g allocate.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g closure.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g conflicts.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g derives.c cc -c -DXPFILE=\"/usr/pkg/share/bison.simple\" -DXPFILE1=\"/usr/pkg/share/bison.hairy\" -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -g ./files.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g getargs.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g gram.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g lalr.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g lex.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g main.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g nullable.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g output.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g print.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g reader.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g reduce.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g symtab.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g warshall.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g version.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g getopt.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g getopt1.c cc -g -o bison LR0.o allocate.o closure.o conflicts.o derives.o files.o getargs.o gram.o lalr.o lex.o main.o nullable.o output.o print.o reader.o reduce.o symtab.o warshall.o version.o getopt.o getopt1.o ./files.c:240: warning: mktemp() possibly used unsafely, consider using mkstemp() rm -f bison.s1 sed -e "/^#line/ s|bison|/usr/pkg/share/bison|" < ./bison.simple > bison.s1 Everything seems OK, so install the files: # make install >> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz. ===> Installing for bison-1.25 sh ./mkinstalldirs /usr/pkg/bin /usr/pkg/share /usr/pkg/info /usr/pkg/man/man1 rm -f /usr/pkg/bin/bison cd /usr/pkg/share; rm -f bison.simple bison.hairy rm -f /usr/pkg/man/man1/bison.1 /usr/pkg/info/bison.info* install -c -o bin -g bin -m 555 bison /usr/pkg/bin/bison /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 bison.s1 /usr/pkg/share/bison.simple /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 ./bison.hairy /usr/pkg/share/bison.hairy cd .; for f in bison.info*; do /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 $f /usr/pkg/info/$f; done /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 ./bison.1 /usr/pkg/man/man1/bison.1 ===> Registering installation for bison-1.25 You can now use bison, and also - if you decide so - remove it with "pkg_delete bison-1.25". Should you decide that you want a binary package, do this now: # make package >> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz. ===> Building package for bison-1.25 Creating package bison-1.25.tgz Registering depends:. Creating gzip'd tar ball in '/u/pkgsrc/lang/bison/bison-1.25.tgz' Now that you don't need the source and object files any more, clean up: # make clean ===> Cleaning for bison-1.25 ====================== Appendix A: build logs ====================== A.1 Building top ================ # make >> top-3.5beta5.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system. >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://ftp.groupsys.com/pub/top/. Requesting ftp://ftp.groupsys.com/pub/top/top-3.5beta5.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/) Successfully retrieved file. >> Checksum OK for top-3.5beta5.tar.gz. ===> Extracting for top-3.5beta5 ===> Patching for top-3.5beta5 ===> Applying NetBSD patches for top-3.5beta5 ===> Configuring for top-3.5beta5 /bin/cp /u/pkgsrc/sysutils/top/files/defaults /u/pkgsrc/sysutils/top/work/top-3.5beta5/.defaults chmod a-x /u/pkgsrc/sysutils/top/work/top-3.5beta5/install Reading configuration from last time... Using these settings: Bourne Shell /bin/sh C compiler cc Compiler options -DHAVE_GETOPT -O Awk command awk Install command /usr/bin/install Module netbsd13 LoadMax 5.0 Default TOPN -1 Nominal TOPN 18 Default Delay 2 Random passwd access yes Table Size 47 Owner root Group Owner kmem Mode 2755 bin directory $(PREFIX)/bin man directory $(PREFIX)/man/man1 man extension 1 man style man Building Makefile... Building top.local.h... Building top.1... Doing a "make clean". rm -f *.o top core core.* sigdesc.h To create the executable, type "make". To install the executable, type "make install". ===> Building for top-3.5beta5 cc -DHAVE_GETOPT -DORDER -DHAVE_GETOPT -O -c top.c awk -f sigconv.awk /usr/include/sys/signal.h >sigdesc.h cc -DHAVE_GETOPT -DORDER -DHAVE_GETOPT -O -c commands.c cc -DHAVE_GETOPT -DORDER -DHAVE_GETOPT -O -c display.c cc -DHAVE_GETOPT -DORDER -DHAVE_GETOPT -O -c screen.c cc -DHAVE_GETOPT -DORDER -DHAVE_GETOPT -O -c username.c cc -DHAVE_GETOPT -DORDER -DHAVE_GETOPT -O -c utils.c utils.c: In function `errmsg': utils.c:348: warning: return discards `const' from pointer target type cc -DHAVE_GETOPT -DORDER -DHAVE_GETOPT -O -c version.c cc -DHAVE_GETOPT -DORDER -DHAVE_GETOPT -O -c getopt.c cc "-DOSREV=12G" -DHAVE_GETOPT -DORDER -DHAVE_GETOPT -O -c machine.c rm -f top cc -o top top.o commands.o display.o screen.o username.o utils.o version.o getopt.o machine.o -ltermcap -lm -lkvm # # # # # make install >> Checksum OK for top-3.5beta5.tar.gz. ===> Installing for top-3.5beta5 /usr/bin/install -o root -m 2755 -g kmem top /usr/pkg/bin /usr/bin/install top.1 /usr/pkg/man/man1/top.1 strip /usr/pkg/bin/top ===> Registering installation for top-3.5beta5 # A.2 Packaging top ================= # make package >> Checksum OK for top-3.5beta5.tar.gz. ===> Building package for top-3.5beta5 Creating package top-3.5beta5.tgz Registering depends:. Creating gzip'd tar ball in '/u/pkgsrc/sysutils/top/top-3.5beta5.tgz' ====================================================== Appendix B: Layout of the FTP server's package archive ====================================================== Layout for precompiled binary packages on ftp.netbsd.org: /pub/NetBSD/packages/ README distfiles/ pkgsrc -> /pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-current/pkgsrc 1.5/ i386/ All/ archivers/ foo -> ../All/foo ... m68k/ All/ archivers/ foo -> ../All/foo ... amiga -> m68k atari -> m68k ... To create: - cd /usr/pkgsrc ; make install ; make package - upload /usr/pkgsrc/packages to ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/\ `uname -r | sed 's@\.\([0-9]*\)[\._].*@\.\1@'`/`uname -p` - if necessary ln -s `uname -m` `uname -p` Disk space needed: unknown. Packages for a release version of NetBSD should be uploaded to the directory major.minor corresponding to the appropriate release. Packages for NetBSD with versions such as "1.5.1" should be uploaded to the "1.5" directory, stripping the tiny number off the directory name. For packages that need to be tightly coupled with the OS Version, such as LKM's, you may create a major.minor.tiny release directory, and place those packages therein. Such packages should be marked with the variable "OSVERSION_SPECIFIC=yes" to mark them in some way for binary package builders. ########################################################################### # Local Variables: # mode: Text # fill-column: 75 # sentence-end-double-space: nil # End: