$NetBSD: README.MacOSX,v 1.33 2017/01/09 16:19:28 sevan Exp $ This file describes the use of current versions of pkgsrc with multiple versions of Darwin and OS X, omitting information about previous pkgsrc versions. * Darwin vs OS X (Apple has renamed Mac OS X to OS X, but the filename remains.) OS X consists of Darwin (kernel/userland) plus Mac stuff on top. pkgsrc used to target Darwin, but given the tools issued discussed below it is not clear that it works on Darwin without OS X. Darwin from Apple is no longer open source. Users of non-OS X Darwin are invited to submit patches to this file. The only known project is: http://www.puredarwin.org/ Until then, this file remains OS X-centric. * OS X specific bootstrap arguments Providing the --binary-macpkg flag to the bootstrap script causes it to prepare a bootstrap kit as a native OS X package instead of using the conventional .tar.bz2 format. This requires the package-maker application to be installed. * system tools issues ** native headers vs SDK OS X used to include system headers in /usr/include, so that one could treat it like a relatively normal POSIX system. Starting at approximately 10.9, headers were no longer available at the standard location, and one has to use an SDK that puts headers someplace else. pkgsrc supports this, but there has been some confusion where a 10.9 system produced binaries for 10.10, which only mostly works. The confusion is believed to be resolved. ** gcc vs clang Older versions of OS X (when XCode is installed) provided gcc, and pkgsrc defaulted to using gcc. With 10.9, gcc is no longer present. ** i386 vs x86_64 ABI issue This entire section is only about Intel Macs. OS X 10.6 and higher supports x86-64 binaries on Intel Macs with x86-64 processors, which is now most of them. i386 binaries are also supported on most (all?) Intel machines. *** issues related to ABI 32 vs 64 Note that a pkgsrc package built in x86_64 mode will not run on an Intel Mac that is i386 only. For a longer discussion, see: http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/pkgsrc-users/2009/09/24/msg010817.html Somewhat separately from pkgsrc's ABI choice, there have been issues with packages which get confused because "MACHINE_ARCH" is in some OS versions set to "i386" (on a 64-bit system!). As of 2016 this should be mostly resolved. version: uname -m : uname -p 10.6: i386 : i386 10.9: x86_64 : i386 *** default ABI The ABI is chosen at bootstrap time and encoded into mk.conf. So a change in the default is about what a new bootstrap will do; already-bootstrapped systems should remain unchanged. They should be able to build and run new packages using the old ABI value. pkgsrc used to set the default ABI as i386, both on systems with i386 processors and on systems with x86_64 processors. On 2015-11-09 the default was changed so that ABI=64 is chosen on machines where "uname -m" reports x86_64. (It remains i386 on others, which are not capable of running x86_64 binaries.) Generally, users will not need to deal with the default ABI change, except that packages are mostly only portable across machines with the same bootstrapping parameters. If one unpacks a new binary bootstrap kit over an existing installation, one can end up with a mix. The standard advice is not to do this, and to rrebuild/reinstall all packages from scratch or a compatible binary package set. But, one could also mark packages with the wrong ABI as rebuild=YES and use pkg_rolling-replace. *** change in storage of ABI information On 2016-01-24, the way ABI information was stored in pkgsrc was rationalized and simplified. The new code could compute the wrong ABI for some previously-bootstrapped installations. The problem can be resolved by building bmake with MACHINE_ARCH=x86_64 and updating that package, as described in mail archives: https://mail-index.netbsd.org/pkgsrc-users/2016/01/25/msg022870.html (One would expect to be able to use make replace to do this. One minor issue is that it requires pkg_tarup, although that will be present on systems of those who use make replace. There also may be an error with architecture mismatch from pkg_install requiring a "-f" option. Repeatable data about recovery is somewhat hard to obtain, as most are past this issue already and no longer interested in experimenting.) ** sed in 10.9 The sed that comes with 10.9 appears to be broken; it exits when called on files with UTF-8 or other apparently-binary content. Therefore, pkgsrc uses nbsed on 10.9. * Developer tools and prerequisites ** XCode This section applies to 10.6 through 10.10. If you haven't already, you will need to install the OS X Developer Tools package (XCode) to obtain a compiler, etc. The procedure depends on the version of OS X; recent versions use the App Store. ** Command-line Tools In 10.11, XCode has been reported as unsuitable [TODO: add details, but it seems it doesn't include an SDK for itself]. Instead, it is recommend to install command-line tools. Command Line Tools for Xcode can be obtained from https://developer.apple.com/downloads/ Since Xcode 7 (installed from the Apple Store) the development environment can upgrade itself without interaction from the user, but will not automatically update the Command Line Tools. This will cause system header files like stdlib.h not to be found by pkgsrc. The command `xcode-select --install' will install the Command Line Tools for Xcode. ** cvs Note that as of 10.9, cvs is no longer provided by Apple. You can build devel/scmcvs. To obtain pkgsrc in order to bootstrap and build cvs, it may be useful to `git clone https://github.com/jsonn/pkgsrc.git`. ** X11 X11 used to be built into OS X, but as of 10.8 it is no longer included. You can install XQuartz from https://www.xquartz.org, or try the newly-added pkgsrc version. * OS X Versions Because Apple drops support for previous hardware faster than the hardware fails, many machines cannot be upgraded to recent versions of OS X, creating a greater than usual desire to support old systems. Because of the particular history of deprecation, most systems tend to run relatively recent versions or specific older versions (10.6 and 10.5). The stance of pkgsrc is generally to avoid breaking older systems unless keeping support would cause difficulty, and to accept clean patches when there is no harm to non-deprecated versions. This section is partly to document what versions tend to be used and why, and partly to enable cleaning up bug reports without fixes for very old systems. pkgsrc PRs about 10.5 or older that do not contain fixes may be closed without fixing. OS X 10.11 is considered new and there may be issues. OS X 10.10 is considered current. OS X 10.9 (Darwin 13.4.0) is considered current. OS X 10.8 is old, and there are no no known reasons to it instead of a newer version. OS X 10.7 is the last version that works on a few Intel Macs, e.g. the Mac Pro 1.1 and 2.1 and some Mac Minis. OS X 10.6 is the last version that works on Intel Macs lacking amd64 support, e.g. Mac Minis and Macbooks with Core Duo. (There is an active bulk build for 10.6.) OS X 10.5 is the last version that works on PowerPC Macs. As of 2015 reports of using 10.5 are very rare. OS X 10.4 (Darwin 8.11.0) is the last version that works on PowerPC G3 and slower G4 Macs. * Bulk builds Clearly, it is desirable for a bulk build to be useful on as many computers as possible. The main issues are which ABI and which OS X version. Targeting older versions makes a build run on more systems, and targeting newer versions makes the build closer to what would be obtained from bootstrapping on a newer version and thus avoids some issues. This section has pointers to active bulk builds. ** 10.4, --abi=32 powerpc, gcc Sevan Janiyan provides a bulk build for the -current branch (--abi=32, OS X 10.4/PowerPC, gcc 4.0.1 from Xcode 2.5, X11_TYPE=modular): https://www.geeklan.co.uk/?p=1579 US repo: http://sevan.mit.edu/packages Euro mirror: http://pkgsrc.geeklan.co.uk/packages/current/Darwin-8 See https://mail-index.netbsd.org/pkgsrc-bulk/2015/11/07/msg012171.html ** 10.6, --abi=32 i386, gcc Joyent provide a bulk build for quarterly branches (--abi=32, OS X 10.6, and therefore gcc 4.2.1, XQuartz, X11_TYPE=native): http://pkgsrc.joyent.com/install-on-osx/ which should run on any version from 10.6 and up. Note that sed on 10.9 is broken, but a bootstrap on 10.6 will not avoid it, so while one can install this bootstrap on 10.9 and run binary packages, building packages will not in general work. ** 10.9, --abi=64 x86-64, clang Joyent provide a bulk build for 10.9/x86_64, and therefore clang, at the same URL as above.