See . Installing the bootstrap kit from source should be as simple as: &rprompt; env CVS_RSH=ssh cvs -d anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot checkout pkgsrc &rprompt; cd pkgsrc/bootstrap &rprompt; ./bootstrap See for other ways to get pkgsrc before bootstrapping. The given bootstrap command will use the defaults of /usr/pkg for the prefix where programs will be installed in, and /var/db/pkg for the package database directory where pkgsrc will do its internal bookkeeping. However, these can also be set using command-line arguments. The bootstrap installs a bmake tool. Use this bmake when building via pkgsrc. For examples in this guide, use bmake instead of make. Here are some platform-specific notes you should be aware of. Darwin 5.x and up are supported. There are two methods of using pkgsrc on Mac OS X, by using a disk image, or a UFS or HFSX partition. Before you start, you will need to download and install the Mac OS X Developer Tools from Apple's Developer Connection. See http://developer.apple.com/macosx/ for details. Also, make sure you install X11 for Mac OS X and the X11 SDK from http://www.apple.com/macosx/x11/download/ if you intend to build packages that use the X11 Window System. If you already have a UFS or HFSX partition, or have a spare partition that you can format as UFS or HFSX, it is recommended to use that instead of the disk image. It'll be somewhat faster and will mount automatically at boot time, where you must manually mount a disk image. You cannot use an ordinary HFS+ file system for pkgsrc, because pkgsrc currently requires the file system to be case-sensitive. You can, however, use a case-sensitive HFS+ (aka HFSX) file system as found in Darwin 7.0 and newer. Create the disk image: &rprompt; cd pkgsrc/bootstrap &rprompt; ./darwindiskimage create ~/Documents/NetBSD 1024 # megabytes - season to taste &rprompt; ./darwindiskimage mount ~/Documents/NetBSD &rprompt; sudo chown `id -u`:`id -g` /Volumes/NetBSD darwindiskimage will mount the filesystem nosuid, which will cause problems for packages that depend on setgid. In the case of UFS, it will also mount the filesystem asynchronous, which is somewhat dangerous according to the mount(8) man page. In the case of HFSX, it will disable journaling. Allow suid: &rprompt; sudo mount -u -o suid /Volumes/NetBSD Changing the build directory: After bootstrapping you need to change the default package build directory to somewhere outside the disk image so it doesn't get filled up in the process of building packages. Add something like that to mk.conf. WRKOBJDIR?= /tmp/pkgsrc # build here instead of in pkgsrc By default, /usr will be on your root file system, normally HFS+. It is possible to use the default prefix of /usr/pkg by symlinking /usr/pkg to a directory on a UFS or HFSX file system. Obviously, another symlink is required if you want to place the package database directory outside the prefix. e.g. &rprompt; ./bootstrap --pkgdbdir /usr/pkg/pkgdb If you created your partitions at the time of installing Mac OS X and formatted the target partition as UFS or HFSX, it should automatically mount on /Volumes/<volume name> when the machine boots. If you are (re)formatting a partition as UFS or HFSX, you need to ensure that the partition map correctly reflects Apple_UFS or Apple_HFSX and not Apple_HFS. The problem is that none of the disk tools will let you touch a disk that is booted from. You can unmount the partition, but even if you newfs it, the partition type will be incorrect and the automounter won't mount it. It can be mounted manually, but it won't appear in Finder. You'll need to boot off of the OS X Installation (User) CD. When the Installation program starts, go up to the menu and select Disk Utility. Now, you will be able to select the partition you want to be UFS or HFSX, and Format it Apple UFS or HFSX. Quit the Disk Utility, quit the installer which will reboot your machine. The new UFS or HFSX file system will appear in Finder. Be aware that the permissions on the new file system will be writable by root only. This note is as of 10.2 (Jaguar) and applies to earlier versions. Hopefully Apple will fix Disk Utility in 10.3 (Panther). FreeBSD 4.7 and 5.0 have been tested and are supported, other versions may work. Care should be taken so that the tools that this kit installs do not conflict with the FreeBSD userland tools. There are several steps: FreeBSD stores its ports pkg database in /var/db/pkg. It is therefore recommended that you choose a different location (e.g. /usr/pkgdb) by using the --pkgdbdir option to the bootstrap script. If you do not intend to use the FreeBSD ports tools, it's probably a good idea to move them out of the way to avoid confusion, e.g. &rprompt; cd /usr/sbin &rprompt; mv pkg_add pkg_add.orig &rprompt; mv pkg_create pkg_create.orig &rprompt; mv pkg_delete pkg_delete.orig &rprompt; mv pkg_info pkg_info.orig An example &mk.conf; file will be placed in /etc/mk.conf.example file when you use the bootstrap script. Interix is a POSIX-compatible subsystem for the Windows NT kernel, providing a Unix-like environment with a tighter kernel integration than available with Cygwin. It is part of the Windows Services for Unix package, available for free for any licensed copy of Windows 2000, XP (not including XP Home), or 2003. SFU can be downloaded from http://www.microsoft.com/windows/sfu/. Services for Unix 3.5 has been tested. 3.0 or 3.1 may work, but are not officially supported. (The main difference in 3.0/3.1 is lack of pthreads, but other parts of libc may also be lacking.) Services for Unix Applications (aka SUA) is an integrated component of Windows Server 2003 R2 and Windows Vista. As of this writing, SUA's Interix 5.x subsystem has not yet been tested with pkgsrc. At an absolute minimum, the following packages must be installed from the Windows Services for Unix 3.5 distribution in order to use pkgsrc: Utilities -> Base Utilities Interix GNU Components -> (all) Remote Connectivity Interix SDK When using pkgsrc on Interix, DO NOT install the Utilities subcomponent "UNIX Perl". That is Perl 5.6 without shared module support, installed to /usr/local, and will only cause confusion. Instead, install Perl 5.8 from pkgsrc (or from a binary package). The Remote Connectivity subcomponent "Windows Remote Shell Service" does not need to be installed, but Remote Connectivity itself should be installed in order to have a working inetd. During installation you may be asked whether to enable setuid behavior for Interix programs, and whether to make pathnames default to case-sensitive. Setuid should be enabled, and case-sensitivity MUST be enabled. (Without case-sensitivity, a large number of packages including perl will not build.) NOTE: Newer Windows service packs change the way binary execution works (via the Data Execution Prevention feature). In order to use pkgsrc and other gcc-compiled binaries reliably, a hotfix containing POSIX.EXE, PSXDLL.DLL, PSXRUN.EXE, and PSXSS.EXE (899522 or newer) must be installed. Hotfixes are available from Microsoft through a support contract; however, Debian Interix Port has made most Interix hotfixes available for personal use from http://www.debian-interix.net/hotfixes/. In addition to the hotfix noted above, it may be necessary to disable Data Execution Prevention entirely to make Interix functional. This may happen only with certain types of CPUs; the cause is not fully understood at this time. If gcc or other applications still segfault repeatedly after installing one of the hotfixes note above, the following option can be added to the appropriate "boot.ini" line on the Windows boot drive: /NoExecute=AlwaysOff (WARNING, this will disable DEP completely, which may be a security risk if applications are often run as a user in the Administrators group!) If SFU is already installed and you wish to alter these settings to work with pkgsrc, note the following things. To uninstall UNIX Perl, use Add/Remove Programs, select Microsoft Windows Services for UNIX, then click Change. In the installer, choose Add or Remove, then uncheck Utilities->UNIX Perl. To enable case-sensitivity for the file system, run REGEDIT.EXE, and change the following registry key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\kernel Set the DWORD value "obcaseinsensitive" to 0; then reboot. To enable setuid binaries (optional), run REGEDIT.EXE, and change the following registry key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Services for UNIX Set the DWORD value "EnableSetuidBinaries" to 1; then reboot. The package manager (either the pkgsrc "su" user, or the user running "pkg_add") must be a member of the local Administrators group. Such a user must also be used to run the bootstrap. This is slightly relaxed from the normal pkgsrc requirement of "root". The package manager should use a umask of 002. "make install" will automatically complain if this is not the case. This ensures that directories written in /var/db/pkg are Administrators-group writeable. The popular Interix binary packages from http://www.interopsystems.com/ use an older version of pkgsrc's pkg_* tools. Ideally, these should NOT be used in conjunction with pkgsrc. If you choose to use them at the same time as the pkgsrc packages, ensure that you use the proper pkg_* tools for each type of binary package. The TERM setting used for DOS-type console windows (including those invoked by the csh and ksh startup shortcuts) is "interix". Most systems don't have a termcap/terminfo entry for it, but the following .termcap entry provides adequate emulation in most cases: interix:kP=\E[S:kN=\E[T:kH=\E[U:dc@:DC@:tc=pcansi: Though Interix suffices as a familiar and flexible substitute for a full Unix-like platform, it has some drawbacks that should be noted for those desiring to make the most of Interix. X11: Interix comes with the standard set of X11R6 client libraries, and can run X11 based applications, but it does not come with an X server. Some options are StarNet X-Win32, Hummingbird Exceed (available in a trimmed version for Interix from Interop Systems as the Interop X Server), and the free X11 server included with Cygwin. X11 acceleration: Because Interix runs in a completely different NT subsystem from Win32 applications, it does not currently support various X11 protocol extensions for acceleration (such as MIT-SHM or DGA). Most interactive applications to a local X server will run reasonably fast, but full motion video and other graphics intensive applications may require a faster-than-expected CPU. Audio: Interix has no native support for audio output. For audio support, pkgsrc uses the esound client/server audio system on Interix. Unlike on most platforms, the audio/esound package does not contain the esd server component. To output audio via an Interix host, the emulators/cygwin_esound package must also be installed. CD/DVDs, USB, and SCSI: Direct device access is not currently supported in Interix, so it is not currently possible to access CD/DVD drives, USB devices, or SCSI devices through non-filesystem means. Among other things, this makes it impossible to use Interix directly for CD/DVD burning. Tape drives: Due to the same limitations as for CD-ROMs and SCSI devices, tape drives are also not directly accessible in Interix. However, support is in work to make tape drive access possible by using Cygwin as a bridge (similarly to audio bridged via Cygwin's esound server). It is not necessary, in general, to have a "root" user on the Windows system; any member of the local Administrators group will suffice. However, some packages currently assume that the user named "root" is the privileged user. To accommodate these, you may create such a user; make sure it is in the local group Administrators (or your language equivalent). pkg_add creates directories of mode 0755, not 0775, in $PKG_DBDIR. For the time being, install packages as the local Administrator (or your language equivalent), or run the following command after installing a package to work around the issue: &rprompt; chmod -R g+w $PKG_DBDIR You will need a working C compiler, either gcc or SGI's MIPS and MIPSpro compiler (cc/c89). Please set the CC environment variable according to your preference. If you do not have a license for the MIPSpro compiler suite, you can download a gcc tardist file from http://freeware.sgi.com/. Please note that you will need IRIX 6.5.17 or higher, as this is the earliest version of IRIX providing support for &man.if.indextoname.3;, &man.if.nametoindex.3;, etc. At this point in time, pkgsrc only supports one ABI at a time. That is, you cannot switch between the old 32-bit ABI, the new 32-bit ABI and the 64-bit ABI. If you start out using "abi=n32", that's what all your packages will be built with. Therefore, please make sure that you have no conflicting CFLAGS in your environment or the &mk.conf;. Particularly, make sure that you do not try to link n32 object files with lib64 or vice versa. Check your /etc/compiler.defaults! If you have the actual pkgsrc tree mounted via NFS from a different host, please make sure to set WRKOBJDIR to a local directory, as it appears that IRIX linker occasionally runs into issues when trying to link over a network-mounted file system. The bootstrapping process should set all the right options for programs such as imake(1), but you may want to set some options depending on your local setup. Please see pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf and, of course, your compiler's man pages for details. If you are using SGI's MIPSPro compiler, please set PKGSRC_COMPILER= mipspro in &mk.conf;. Otherwise, pkgsrc will assume you are using gcc and may end up passing invalid flags to the compiler. Note that bootstrap should create an appropriate mk.conf.example by default. If you have both the MIPSPro compiler chain installed as well as gcc, but want to make sure that MIPSPro is used, please set your PATH to not include the location of gcc (often /usr/freeware/bin), and (important) pass the '--preserve-path' flag. Some versions of Linux (for example Debian GNU/Linux) need either libtermcap or libcurses (libncurses). Installing the distributions libncurses-dev package (or equivalent) should fix the problem. pkgsrc supports both gcc (GNU Compiler Collection) and icc (Intel C++ Compiler). gcc is the default. icc 8.0 and 8.1 on i386 have been tested. To bootstrap using icc, assuming the default icc installation directory: env CC=/opt/intel_cc_80/bin/icc LDFLAGS=-static-libcxa \ ac_cv___attribute__=yes ./bootstrap icc 8.1 needs the `-i-static' argument instead of -static-libcxa. icc supports __attribute__, but the GNU configure test uses a nested function, which icc does not support. #undef'ing __attribute__ has the unfortunate side-effect of breaking many of the Linux header files, which cannot be compiled properly without __attribute__. The test must be overridden so that __attribute__ is assumed supported by the compiler. After bootstrapping, you should set PKGSRC_COMPILER in &mk.conf;: PKGSRC_COMPILER= icc The default installation directory for icc is /opt/intel_cc_80, which is also the pkgsrc default. If you have installed it into a different directory, set ICCBASE in &mk.conf;: ICCBASE= /opt/icc pkgsrc uses the static linking method of the runtime libraries provided by icc, so binaries can be run on other systems which do not have the shared libraries installed. Libtool, however, extracts a list of libraries from the &man.ld.1; command run when linking a C++ shared library and records it, throwing away the -Bstatic and -Bdynamic options interspersed between the libraries. This means that libtool-linked C++ shared libraries will have a runtime dependency on the icc libraries until this is fixed in libtool. OpenBSD 3.0 and 3.2 are tested and supported. Care should be taken so that the tools that this kit installs do not conflict with the OpenBSD userland tools. There are several steps: OpenBSD stores its ports pkg database in /var/db/pkg. It is therefore recommended that you choose a different location (e.g. /usr/pkgdb) by using the --pkgdbdir option to the bootstrap script. If you do not intend to use the OpenBSD ports tools, it's probably a good idea to move them out of the way to avoid confusion, e.g. &rprompt; cd /usr/sbin &rprompt; mv pkg_add pkg_add.orig &rprompt; mv pkg_create pkg_create.orig &rprompt; mv pkg_delete pkg_delete.orig &rprompt; mv pkg_info pkg_info.orig An example &mk.conf; file will be placed in /etc/mk.conf.example file when you use the bootstrap script. OpenBSD's make program uses &mk.conf; as well. You can work around this by enclosing all the pkgsrc-specific parts of the file with: .ifdef BSD_PKG_MK # pkgsrc stuff, e.g. insert defaults/mk.conf or similar here .else # OpenBSD stuff .endif Solaris 2.6 through 9 are supported on both x86 and sparc. You will need a working C compiler. Both gcc 2.95.3 and Sun WorkShop 5 have been tested. The following packages are required on Solaris 8 for the bootstrap process and to build packages. SUNWsprot SUNWarc SUNWbtool SUNWtoo SUNWlibm Please note that the use of GNU binutils on Solaris is not supported, as of June 2006. Whichever compiler you use, please ensure the compiler tools and your $prefix are in your PATH. This includes /usr/ccs/{bin,lib} and e.g. /usr/pkg/{bin,sbin}. It makes life much simpler if you only use the same gcc consistently for building all packages. It is recommended that an external gcc be used only for bootstrapping, then either build gcc from lang/gcc or install a binary gcc package, then remove gcc used during bootstrapping. Binary packages of gcc can be found through . You will need at least the following packages installed (from WorkShop 5.0) SPROcc - Sun WorkShop Compiler C 5.0 SPROcpl - Sun WorkShop Compiler C++ 5.0 SPROild - Sun WorkShop Incremental Linker SPROlang - Sun WorkShop Compilers common components You should set the following variables in your &mk.conf; file: CC= cc CXX= CC CPP= cc -E CXXCPP= CC -E The CPP setting might break some packages that use the C preprocessor for processing things other than C source code. To build 64-bit packages, you just need to have the following lines in your &mk.conf; file: PKGSRC_COMPILER= sunpro ABI= 64 This setting has been tested for the SPARC architecture. Intel and AMD machines need some more work. Sometimes, when using libtool, /bin/ksh crashes with a segmentation fault. The workaround is to use another shell for the configure scripts, for example by installing shells/bash and adding the following lines to your &mk.conf;: CONFIG_SHELL= ${LOCALBASE}/bin/bash WRAPPER_SHELL= ${LOCALBASE}/bin/bash Then, rebuild the devel/libtool-base package.