Copyright © 1994-2005 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc
$NetBSD: pkgsrc.xml,v 1.12 2006/02/18 01:46:43 rillig Exp $
Abstract
Information about using the NetBSD package system (pkgsrc) from both a user view for installing packages as well as from a pkgsrc developers' view for creating new packages.
Table of Contents
Makefile
sTable of Contents
There is a lot of software freely available for Unix-based systems, which usually runs on NetBSD and other Unix-flavoured systems, too, sometimes with some modifications. The NetBSD Packages Collection (pkgsrc) incorporates any such changes necessary to make that software run, and makes the installation (and de-installation) of the software package easy by means of a single command.
Once the software has been built, it is manipulated with the pkg_* tools so that installation and de-installation, printing of an inventory of all installed packages and retrieval of one-line comments or more verbose descriptions are all simple.
pkgsrc currently contains several thousand packages, including:
www/apache
- The Apache web
server
www/mozilla
- The Mozilla web
browser
meta-pkgs/gnome
- The GNOME
Desktop Environment
meta-pkgs/kde3
- The K Desktop
Environment
...just to name a few.
pkgsrc has built-in support for handling varying dependencies, such as pthreads and X11, and extended features such as IPv6 support on a range of platforms.
pkgsrc was derived from FreeBSD's ports system, and initially developed for NetBSD only. Since then, pkgsrc has grown a lot, and now supports the following platforms:
This document is divided into two parts. The first, The pkgsrc user's guide, describes how one can use one of the packages in the Package Collection, either by installing a precompiled binary package, or by building one's own copy using the NetBSD package system. The second part, The pkgsrc developer's guide, explains how to prepare a package so it can be easily built by other NetBSD users without knowing about the package's building details.
This document is available in various formats:
There has been a lot of talk about “ports”, “packages”, etc. so far. Here is a description of all the terminology used within this document.
A set of files and building instructions that
describe what's necessary to build a certain piece of
software using pkgsrc. Packages are traditionally
stored under /usr/pkgsrc
.
This is the former name of “pkgsrc”. It is part of the NetBSD operating system and can be bootstrapped to run on non-NetBSD operating systems as well. It handles building (compiling), installing, and removing of packages.
This term describes the file or files that are
provided by the author of the piece of software to
distribute his work. All the changes necessary to
build on NetBSD are reflected in the corresponding
package. Usually the distfile is in the form of a
compressed tar-archive, but other types are possible,
too. Distfiles are usually stored below /usr/pkgsrc/distfiles
.
This is the term used by FreeBSD and OpenBSD people for what we call a package. In NetBSD terminology, “port” refers to a different architecture.
A set of binaries built with pkgsrc from a
distfile and stuffed together in a single
.tgz
file so it can be
installed on machines of the same machine
architecture without the need to recompile. Packages
are usually generated in /usr/pkgsrc/packages
; there is also
an archive on ftp.NetBSD.org.
Sometimes, this is referred to by the term “package” too, especially in the context of precompiled packages.
The piece of software to be installed which will be constructed from all the files in the distfile by the actions defined in the corresponding package.
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Table of Contents
There are three ways to get pkgsrc. Either as a tar file, via SUP, or via CVS. All three ways are described here.
To get pkgsrc going, you need to get the pkgsrc.tar.gz
file from ftp.NetBSD.org and unpack it into
/usr/pkgsrc
.
As an alternative to the tar file, you can get pkgsrc via the Software Update Protocol, SUP. To do so, make sure your supfile has a line
release=pkgsrc
in it, see the examples in /usr/share/examples/supfiles
, and that
the /usr/pkgsrc
directory exists. Then,
simply run sup -v
/path/to/your/supfile
.
To get pkgsrc via CVS, make sure you have “cvs” installed. To do an initial (full) checkout of pkgsrc, do the following steps:
%
setenv CVSROOT anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot
%
setenv CVS_RSH ssh
%
cd /usr
%
cvs checkout -P pkgsrc
This will create the pkgsrc
directory in your /usr
, and all the package source will
be stored under /usr/pkgsrc
. To update pkgsrc after the
initial checkout, make sure you have CVS_RSH
set as above, then do:
%
cd /usr/pkgsrc
%
cvs -q update -dP
Please also note that it is possible to have multiple copies of the pkgsrc hierarchy in use at any one time - all work is done relatively within the pkgsrc tree.
If your copy of pkgsrc contains a lot of CVS
directories, you can update it
using the
cvs(1) program. First,
cd to the
top level directory of pkgsrc. Then run
cvs -q update
-dP, and you're done.
If that doesn't work and the file CVS/Root
contains the string
“:pserver:”, you
have to run cvs
login once to get known to the NetBSD CVS
server. The cvs utility will then ask you
for a password. Just enter “anoncvs”. Then try again to
update.
Table of Contents
For operating systems other than NetBSD, we provide a bootstrap kit to build the required tools to use pkgsrc on your platform. Besides support for native NetBSD, pkgsrc and the bootstrap kit have support for the following operating systems:
Darwin (Mac OS X)
DragonFly BSD
FreeBSD
Interix (Windows 2000, XP, 2003)
IRIX
Linux
OpenBSD
Solaris
Tru64 (Digital UNIX/OSF1)
Support for other platforms is under development.
Installing the bootstrap kit should be as simple as:
#
env CVS_RSH=ssh cvs -d anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot checkout pkgsrc
#
cd pkgsrc/bootstrap
#
./bootstrap
See
Chapter 2, Where to get pkgsrc and how to keep it
up-to-date for other ways to get pkgsrc before
bootstrapping. The given bootstrap command will use the
defaults of /usr/pkg
for the prefix where programs will be
installed in, and /var/db/pkg
for the package database
directory where pkgsrc will do its internal bookkeeping.
However, these can also be set using command-line
arguments.
Binary packages for the pkgsrc tools and an initial
set of packages is available for supported platforms. An
up-to-date list of these can be found on www.pkgsrc.org. Note that this only works for
privileged builds that install into /usr/pkg
.
The bootstrap installs a bmake tool. Use this bmake when building via pkgsrc. For examples in this guide, use bmake instead of “make”.
Here are some platform-specific notes you should be aware of.
Darwin 5.x and 6.x are supported. There are two methods of using pkgsrc on Mac OS X, by using a disk image, or a UFS partition.
Before you start, you will need to download and install the Mac OS X Developer Tools from Apple's Developer Connection. See http://developer.apple.com/macosx/ for details. Also, make sure you install X11 for Mac OS X and the X11 SDK from http://www.apple.com/macosx/x11/download/ if you intend to build packages that use the X11 Window System.
If you already have a UFS partition, or have a spare partition that you can format as UFS, it is recommended to use that instead of the disk image. It'll be somewhat faster and will mount automatically at boot time, where you must manually mount a disk image.
You cannot use a HFS+ file system for pkgsrc, because pkgsrc currently requires the file system to be case-sensitive, and HFS+ is not.
Create the disk image:
#
cd pkgsrc/bootstrap
#
./ufsdiskimage create ~/Documents/NetBSD 512
# megabytes - season to taste#
./ufsdiskimage mount ~/Documents/NetBSD
#
sudo chown `id -u`:`id -g` /Volumes/NetBSD
That's it!
By default, /usr
will be on your root file
system, normally HFS+. It is possible to use the
default prefix
of /usr/pkg
by symlinking /usr/pkg
to a directory on a UFS
file system. Obviously, another symlink is required
if you want to place the package database directory
outside the prefix. e.g.
#
./bootstrap --pkgdbdir /usr/pkg/pkgdb
If you created your partitions at the time of
installing Mac OS X and formatted the target
partition as UFS, it should automatically mount on
/Volumes/<volume name>
when
the machine boots. If you are (re)formatting a
partition as UFS, you need to ensure that the
partition map correctly reflects “Apple_UFS” and not
“Apple_HFS”.
The problem is that none of the disk tools will let you touch a disk that is booted from. You can unmount the partition, but even if you newfs it, the partition type will be incorrect and the automounter won't mount it. It can be mounted manually, but it won't appear in Finder.
You'll need to boot off of the OS X Installation (User) CD. When the Installation program starts, go up to the menu and select Disk Utility. Now, you will be able to select the partition you want to be UFS, and Format it Apple UFS. Quit the Disk Utility, quit the installer which will reboot your machine. The new UFS file system will appear in Finder.
Be aware that the permissions on the new file system will be writable by root only.
This note is as of 10.2 (Jaguar) and applies to earlier versions. Hopefully Apple will fix Disk Utility in 10.3 (Panther).
FreeBSD 4.7 and 5.0 have been tested and are supported, other versions may work.
Care should be taken so that the tools that this kit installs do not conflict with the FreeBSD userland tools. There are several steps:
FreeBSD stores its ports pkg database in
/var/db/pkg
. It is therefore
recommended that you choose a different location
(e.g. /usr/pkgdb
) by using the
--pkgdbdir option to the bootstrap script.
If you do not intend to use the FreeBSD ports tools, it's probably a good idea to move them out of the way to avoid confusion, e.g.
#
cd /usr/sbin
#
mv pkg_add pkg_add.orig
#
mv pkg_create pkg_create.orig
#
mv pkg_delete pkg_delete.orig
#
mv pkg_info pkg_info.orig
An example /etc/mk.conf
file will be
placed in /etc/mk.conf.example
file when
you use the bootstrap script.
Interix is a POSIX-compatible subsystem for the Windows NT kernel, providing a Unix-like environment with a tighter kernel integration than available with Cygwin. It is part of the Windows Services for Unix package, available for free for any licensed copy of Windows 2000, XP (not including XP Home), or 2003. SFU can be downloaded from http://www.microsoft.com/windows/sfu/.
Services for Unix 3.5, current as of this writing, has been tested. 3.0 or 3.1 may work, but are not officially supported. (The main difference in 3.0/3.1 is lack of pthreads.)
At an absolute minimum, the following packages must be installed from the Windows Services for Unix 3.5 distribution in order to use pkgsrc:
Utilities -> Base Utilities
Interix GNU Components -> (all)
Remote Connectivity
Interix SDK
When using pkgsrc on Interix, DO NOT install the Utilities subcomponent "UNIX Perl". That is Perl 5.6 without shared module support, installed to /usr/local, and will only cause confusion. Instead, install Perl 5.8 from pkgsrc (or from a binary package).
The Remote Connectivity subcomponent "Windows Remote Shell Service" does not need to be installed, but Remote Connectivity itself should be installed in order to have a working inetd.
During installation you may be asked whether to enable setuid behavior for Interix programs, and whether to make pathnames default to case-sensitive. Setuid should be enabled, and case-sensitivity MUST be enabled. (Without case-sensitivity, a large number of packages including perl will not build.)
NOTE: Newer Windows service packs change the way binary execution works (via the Data Execution Prevention feature). In order to use pkgsrc and other gcc-compiled binaries reliably, a hotfix containing POSIX.EXE, PSXDLL.DLL, PSXRUN.EXE, and PSXSS.EXE (899522 or newer) must be installed. Hotfixes are available from Microsoft through a support contract; however, a NetBSD developer has made most Interix hotfixes available for personal use from http://www.duh.org/interix/hotfixes.php.
If SFU is already installed and you wish to alter these settings to work with pkgsrc, note the following things.
To uninstall UNIX Perl, use Add/Remove Programs, select Microsoft Windows Services for UNIX, then click Change. In the installer, choose Add or Remove, then uncheck Utilities->UNIX Perl.
To enable case-sensitivity for the file system, run REGEDIT.EXE, and change the following registry key:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\kernel
Set the DWORD value "obcaseinsensitive" to 0; then reboot.
To enable setuid binaries (optional), run REGEDIT.EXE, and change the following registry key:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Services for UNIX
Set the DWORD value "EnableSetuidBinaries" to 1; then reboot.
The package manager (either the pkgsrc "su" user, or the user running "pkg_add") must be a member of the local Administrators group. Such a user must also be used to run the bootstrap. This is slightly relaxed from the normal pkgsrc requirement of "root".
The package manager should use a umask of 002. "make install" will automatically complain if this is not the case. This ensures that directories written in /var/db/pkg are Administrators-group writeable.
The popular Interix binary packages from http://www.interopsystems.com/ use an older version of pkgsrc's pkg_* tools. Ideally, these should NOT be used in conjunction with pkgsrc. If you choose to use them at the same time as the pkgsrc packages, ensure that you use the proper pkg_* tools for each type of binary package.
The TERM setting used for DOS-type console windows (including those invoked by the csh and ksh startup shortcuts) is "interix". Most systems don't have a termcap/terminfo entry for it, but the following .termcap entry provides adequate emulation in most cases:
interix:kP=\E[S:kN=\E[T:kH=\E[U:dc@:DC@:tc=pcansi:
Though Interix suffices as a familiar and flexible substitute for a full Unix-like platform, it has some drawbacks that should be noted for those desiring to make the most of Interix.
X11:
Interix comes with the standard set of X11R6 client libraries, and can run X11 based applications, but it does not come with an X server. Some options are StarNet X-Win32, Hummingbird Exceed (available in a trimmed version for Interix from Interop Systems as the Interop X Server), and the free X11 server included with Cygwin.
Also, StarNet Communications has graciously provided a free version of their X-Win32 product that accepts connections only from localhost: X-Win32 LX, recommended by the maintainer of Interix pkgsrc support.
X11 acceleration:
Because Interix runs in a completely different NT subsystem from Win32 applications, it does not currently support various X11 protocol extensions for acceleration (such as MIT-SHM or DGA). Most interactive applications to a local X server will run reasonably fast, but full motion video and other graphics intensive applications may require a faster-than-expected CPU.
Audio:
Interix has no native support for audio
output. For audio support, pkgsrc uses the
esound client/server
audio system on Interix. Unlike on most
platforms, the audio/esound
package does
not
contain the esd server component.
To output audio via an Interix host, the
emulators/cygwin_esound
package must also be installed.
CD/DVDs, USB, and SCSI:
Direct device access is not currently supported in Interix, so it is not currently possible to access CD/DVD drives, USB devices, or SCSI devices through non-filesystem means. Among other things, this makes it impossible to use Interix directly for CD/DVD burning.
Tape drives:
Due to the same limitations as for CD-ROMs and SCSI devices, tape drives are also not directly accessible in Interix. However, support is in work to make tape drive access possible by using Cygwin as a bridge (similarly to audio bridged via Cygwin's esound server).
It is not necessary, in general, to have a "root" user on the Windows system; any member of the local Administrators group will suffice. However, some packages currently assume that the user named "root" is the privileged user. To accommodate these, you may create such a user; make sure it is in the local group Administrators (or your language equivalent).
"pkg_add" creates directories of mode 0755, not 0775, in $PKG_DBDIR. For the time being, install packages as the local Administrator (or your language equivalent), or run the following command after installing a package to work around the issue:
#
chmod -R g+w $PKG_DBDIR
You will need a working C compiler, either gcc or
SGI's MIPS and MIPSpro compiler (cc/c89). Please set
the CC
environment
variable according to your preference. If you do not
have a license for the MIPSpro compiler suite, you can
download a gcc tardist file from http://freeware.sgi.com/.
Please note that you will need IRIX 6.5.17 or higher, as this is the earliest version of IRIX providing support for if_indextoname(3), if_nametoindex(3), etc.
At this point in time, pkgsrc only supports one ABI at a time. That is, you can not switch between the old 32-bit ABI, the new 32-bit ABI and the 64-bit ABI. If you start out using "abi=n32", that's what all your packages will be built with.
Therefore, please make sure that you have no
conflicting CFLAGS
in your
environment or the /etc/mk.conf
. Particularly, make sure
that you do not try to link n32 object files with lib64
or vice versa. Check your /etc/compiler.defaults
!
If you have the actual pkgsrc tree mounted via NFS
from a different host, please make sure to set
WRKOBJDIR
to a local
directory, as it appears that IRIX linker occasionally
runs into issues when trying to link over a
network-mounted file system.
The bootstrapping process should set all the right
options for programs such as imake(1), but you may want
to set some options depending on your local setup.
Please see pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf
and, of
course, your compiler's man pages for details.
If you are using SGI's MIPSPro compiler, please set
PKGSRC_COMPILER= mipspro
in /etc/mk.conf
. Otherwise, pkgsrc will
assume you are using gcc and may end up passing invalid
flags to the compiler. Note that bootstrap should
create an appropriate mk.conf.example
by default.
If you have both the MIPSPro compiler chain
installed as well as gcc, but want to make sure that
MIPRPro is used, please set your PATH
to not include the location of
gcc (often /usr/freeware/bin
), and (important)
pass the '--preserve-path' flag.
Some versions of Linux (for example Debian GNU/Linux) need either libtermcap or libcurses (libncurses). Installing the distributions libncurses-dev package (or equivalent) should fix the problem.
pkgsrc supports both gcc (GNU Compiler Collection) and icc (Intel C++ Compiler). gcc is the default. icc 8.0 and 8.1 on i386 have been tested.
To bootstrap using icc, assuming the default icc installation directory:
env CC=/opt/intel_cc_80/bin/icc LDFLAGS=-static-libcxa \ ac_cv___attribute__=yes ./bootstrap
icc 8.1 needs the `-i-static' argument instead of -static-libcxa.
icc supports __attribute__, but the GNU configure test uses a nested function, which icc does not support. #undef'ing __attribute__ has the unfortunate side-effect of breaking many of the Linux header files, which cannot be compiled properly without __attribute__. The test must be overridden so that __attribute__ is assumed supported by the compiler.
After bootstrapping, you should set PKGSRC_COMPILER
in /etc/mk.conf
:
PKGSRC_COMPILER= icc
The default installation directory for icc is
/opt/intel_cc_80
, which is also
the pkgsrc default. If you have installed it into a
different directory, set ICCBASE
in /etc/mk.conf
:
ICCBASE= /opt/icc
pkgsrc uses the static linking method of the runtime libraries provided by icc, so binaries can be run on other systems which do not have the shared libraries installed.
Libtool, however, extracts a list of libraries from the ld(1) command run when linking a C++ shared library and records it, throwing away the -Bstatic and -Bdynamic options interspersed between the libraries. This means that libtool-linked C++ shared libraries will have a runtime dependency on the icc libraries until this is fixed in libtool.
OpenBSD 3.0 and 3.2 are tested and supported.
Care should be taken so that the tools that this kit installs do not conflict with the OpenBSD userland tools. There are several steps:
OpenBSD stores its ports pkg database in
/var/db/pkg
. It is therefore
recommended that you choose a different location
(e.g. /usr/pkgdb
) by using the
--pkgdbdir option to the bootstrap script.
If you do not intend to use the OpenBSD ports tools, it's probably a good idea to move them out of the way to avoid confusion, e.g.
#
cd /usr/sbin
#
mv pkg_add pkg_add.orig
#
mv pkg_create pkg_create.orig
#
mv pkg_delete pkg_delete.orig
#
mv pkg_info pkg_info.orig
An example /etc/mk.conf
file will be
placed in /etc/mk.conf.example
file when
you use the bootstrap script. OpenBSD's make
program uses /etc/mk.conf
as well. You can
work around this by enclosing all the
pkgsrc-specific parts of the file with:
.ifdef BSD_PKG_MK # pkgsrc stuff, e.g. insert defaults/mk.conf or similar here .else # OpenBSD stuff .endif
Solaris 2.6 through 9 are supported on both x86 and sparc. You will need a working C compiler. Both gcc 2.95.3 and Sun WorkShop 5 have been tested.
The following packages are required on Solaris 8 for the bootstrap process and to build packages.
SUNWsprot
SUNWarc
SUNWbtool
SUNWtoo
SUNWlibm
Please note the use of GNU binutils on Solaris is not supported.
Whichever compiler you use, please ensure the
compiler tools and your $prefix are in your
PATH
. This includes
/usr/ccs/{bin,lib}
and e.g.
/usr/pkg/{bin,sbin}
.
It makes life much simpler if you only use the same gcc consistently for building all packages.
It is recommended that an external gcc be used
only for bootstrapping, then either build gcc from
lang/gcc
or install a binary
gcc package, then remove gcc used during
bootstrapping.
Binary packages of gcc can be found through http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/common/freewareSearch.html.
You will need at least the following packages installed (from WorkShop 5.0)
SPROcc - Sun WorkShop Compiler C 5.0
SPROcpl - Sun WorkShop Compiler C++ 5.0
SPROild - Sun WorkShop Incremental Linker
SPROlang - Sun WorkShop Compilers common components
You should set CC
,
CXX
and optionally,
CPP
in /etc/mk.conf
, e.g.:
CC= cc CXX= CC CPP= /usr/ccs/lib/cpp
Building 64-bit binaries is a little trickier.
First, you need to bootstrap pkgsrc in 64-bit mode.
One problem here is that while building one of the
programs in the bootstrap kit (bmake
), the CFLAGS
variable is not honored, even
if it is set in the environment. To work around this
bug, you can create a simple shell script called
cc64
and put it somewhere in the
PATH
:
#! /bin/sh exec /opt/SUNWspro/bin/cc -xtarget=ultra -xarch=v9 ${1+"$@"}
Then, pass the definition for CC
in the environment of the
bootstrap command:
$
cd bootstrap
$
CC=cc64 ./bootstrap
After bootstrapping, there are two alternative
ways, depending on whether you want to find bugs in
packages or get your system ready quickly. If you
just want a running system, add the following lines
to your mk.conf
file:
CC= cc64 CXX= CC64 PKGSRC_COMPILER= sunpro
This way, all calls to the compiler will be
intercepted by the above wrapper and therefore get
the necessary ABI options automatically. (Don't
forget to create the shell script CC64
, too.)
To find packages that ignore the user-specified
CFLAGS
and CXXFLAGS
, add the following lines to
your mk.conf
file:
CC= cc CXX= CC PKGSRC_COMPILER= sunpro CFLAGS= -xtarget=ultra -xarch=v9 CXXFLAGS= -xtarget=ultra -xarch=v9 LDFLAGS= -xtarget=ultra -xarch=v9
Packages that don't use the flags provided in the configuration file will try to build 32-bit binaries and fail during linking. Detecting this is useful to prevent bugs on other platforms where the error would not show up but pass silently.
Sometimes, when using libtool, /bin/ksh
crashes with a
segmentation fault. The workaround is to use another
shell for the configure scripts, for example by
installing shells/bash
and adding the
following lines to your mk.conf
:
CONFIG_SHELL= ${LOCALBASE}/bin/bash WRAPPER_SHELL= ${LOCALBASE}/bin/bash
Table of Contents
Basically, there are two ways of using pkgsrc. The first is to only install the package tools and to use binary packages that someone else has prepared. This is the “pkg” in pkgsrc. The second way is to install the “src” of pkgsrc, too. Then you are able to build your own packages, and you can still use binary packages from someone else.
To use binary packages, you need some tools to manage
them. On NetBSD, these tools are already installed. On
all other operating systems, you need to install them
first. For the following platforms, prebuilt versions of
the package tools are available and can simply be
downloaded and unpacked in the /
directory:
These prebuilt package tools use /usr/pkg
for the base directory, and
/var/db/pkg
for the database of
installed packages. If you cannot use these directories
for whatever reasons (maybe because you're not root), you
have to build the package tools yourself, which is
explained in Section 3.1,
“Bootstrapping pkgsrc”.
To install binary packages, you first need to know from where to get them. You can get them on CD-ROMs, DVDs, or via FTP or HTTP.
For NetBSD, the binary packages are made available
on ftp.NetBSD.org
and its mirrors, in
the directory /pub/NetBSD/packages/
. For
OSVERSION
/ARCH
/OSVERSION
,
you should insert the output of uname -r, and for ARCH
the output of
uname
-p.
For some other platforms, binary packages can be found at the following locations:
In each of these directories, there is a
subdirectory All
that contains all the binary
packages. Further, there are subdirectories for
categories that contain symbolic links that point to
the actual binary package in ../All
. This directory layout is used
for all package repositories, no matter if they are
accessed via HTTP, FTP, NFS, CD-ROM, or the local
filesystem.
If you have the files on a CD-ROM or downloaded them to your hard disk, you can install them with the following command (be sure to su to root first):
#
pkg_add /path/to/package.tgz
If you have FTP access and you don't want to download the packages via FTP prior to installation, you can do this automatically by giving pkg_add an FTP URL:
#
pkg_add ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/<OSVERSION>/<ARCH>/All/package.tgz
Note that any prerequisite packages needed to run the package in question will be installed, too, assuming they are present where you install from.
To save some typing, you can set the PKG_PATH
environment variable to a
semicolon-separated list of paths (including remote
URLs); trailing slashes are not allowed.
Additionally to the All
directory there exists a
vulnerable
directory to which
binary packages with known vulnerabilities are moved,
since removing them could cause missing dependencies.
To use these packages, add the vulnerable
directory to your
PKG_PATH
. However, you
should run security/audit-packages
regularly, especially after installing new packages,
and verify that the vulnerabilities are acceptable for
your configuration. An example PKG_PATH
would be: ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/<OSVERSION>/<ARCH>/All;ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/<OSVERSION>/<ARCH>/vulnerable
Please note that semicolon (';') is a shell
meta-character, so you'll probably have to quote
it.
After you've installed packages, be sure to have
/usr/pkg/bin
and /usr/pkg/sbin
in your PATH
so you can actually start the
just installed program.
Please pay very careful attention to the warnings expressed in the pkg_add(1) manual page about the inherent dangers of installing binary packages which you did not create yourself, and the security holes that can be introduced onto your system by indiscriminate adding of such files.
The same warning of course applies to every package you install from source when you haven't completely read and understood the source code of the package, the compiler that is used to build the package and all the other tools that are involved.
This assumes that the package is already in pkgsrc. If it is not, see Part II, “The pkgsrc developer's guide” for instructions how to create your own packages.
To build packages from source on a NetBSD system the “comp” and the “text” distribution sets must be installed. If you want to build X11-related packages the “xbase” and “xcomp” distribution sets are required, too.
The first step for building a package is downloading the distfiles (i.e. the unmodified source). If they have not yet been downloaded, pkgsrc will fetch them automatically.
You can overwrite some of the major distribution
sites to fit to sites that are close to your own. Have
a look at pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf
to find
some examples — in particular, look for the
MASTER_SORT
, MASTER_SORT_REGEX
and INET_COUNTRY
definitions. This may
save some of your bandwidth and time.
You can change these settings either in your shell's
environment, or, if you want to keep the settings, by
editing the /etc/mk.conf
file, and adding the
definitions there.
If you don't have a permanent Internet connection
and you want to know which files to download,
make
fetch-list will tell you what you'll
need. Put these distfiles into /usr/pkgsrc/distfiles
.
Assuming that the distfile has been fetched (see previous section), become root and change into the relevant directory and run make.
If using bootstrap or pkgsrc on a non-NetBSD system, use the pkgsrc bmake command instead of “make” in the examples in this guide.
For example, type
%
cd misc/figlet
%
make
at the shell prompt to build the various components of the package, and
#
make install
to install the various components into the correct places on your system. Installing the package on your system requires you to be root. However, pkgsrc has a just-in-time-su feature, which allows you to only become root for the actual installation step
Taking the figlet utility as an example, we can install it on our system by building as shown in Appendix B, Build logs.
The program is installed under the default root of
the packages tree - /usr/pkg
. Should this not conform to
your tastes, set the LOCALBASE
variable in your
environment, and it will use that value as the root of
your packages tree. So, to use /usr/local
, set LOCALBASE=/usr/local
in your
environment. Please note that you should use a
directory which is dedicated to packages and not shared
with other programs (i.e., do not try and use
LOCALBASE=/usr
). Also, you
should not try to add any of your own files or
directories (such as src/
, obj/
, or pkgsrc/
) below the LOCALBASE
tree. This is to prevent
possible conflicts between programs and other files
installed by the package system and whatever else may
have been installed there.
Some packages look in /etc/mk.conf
to alter some
configuration options at build time. Have a look at
pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf
to
get an overview of what will be set there by default.
Environment variables such as LOCALBASE
can be set in /etc/mk.conf
to save having to
remember to set them each time you want to use
pkgsrc.
Occasionally, people want to “look under the covers” to see what is going on when a package is building or being installed. This may be for debugging purposes, or out of simple curiosity. A number of utility values have been added to help with this.
If you invoke the
make(1) command
with PKG_DEBUG_LEVEL=2
, then a huge
amount of information will be displayed. For
example,
make patch PKG_DEBUG_LEVEL=2
will show all the commands that are invoked, up to and including the “patch” stage.
If you want to know the value of a certain
make(1)
definition, then the VARNAME
definition should be
used, in conjunction with the show-var target.
e.g. to show the expansion of the
make(1)
variable LOCALBASE
:
%
make show-var VARNAME=LOCALBASE
/usr/pkg%
If you want to install a binary package that you've
either created yourself (see next section), that you
put into pkgsrc/packages manually or that is located on
a remote FTP server, you can use the "bin-install"
target. This target will install a binary package - if
available - via
pkg_add(1), else do a
make
package. The list of remote FTP sites
searched is kept in the variable BINPKG_SITES
, which defaults to
ftp.NetBSD.org. Any flags that should be added to
pkg_add(1) can be put
into BIN_INSTALL_FLAGS
.
See pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf
for more
details.
A final word of warning: If you set up a system that
has a non-standard setting for LOCALBASE
, be sure to set that before
any packages are installed, as you can not use several
directories for the same purpose. Doing so will result
in pkgsrc not being able to properly detect your
installed packages, and fail miserably. Note also that
precompiled binary packages are usually built with the
default LOCALBASE
of
/usr/pkg
, and that you should
not install any
if you use a non-standard LOCALBASE
.
By default, pkgsrc will use GCC to build packages. This may be overridden by setting the following variables in /etc/mk.conf:
PKGSRC_COMPILER
:This is a list of values specifying the chain of compilers to invoke when building packages. Valid values are:
distcc
:
distributed C/C++ (chainable)
ccache
:
compiler cache (chainable)
gcc
: GNU
C/C++ Compiler
mipspro
:
Silicon Graphics, Inc. MIPSpro
(n32/n64)
mipspro
:
Silicon Graphics, Inc. MIPSpro (o32)
sunpro
: Sun
Microsystems, Inc. WorkShip/Forte/Sun ONE
Studio
The default is “gcc
”. You can use
ccache
and/or
distcc
with an
appropriate PKGSRC_COMPILER
setting, e.g.
“ccache gcc
”. This
variable should always be terminated with a value
for a real compiler.
GCC_REQD
:This specifies the minimum version of GCC to use when building packages. If the system GCC doesn't satisfy this requirement, then pkgsrc will build and install one of the GCC packages to use instead.
Table of Contents
In this section, you can find some variables that
apply to all pkgsrc packages. The preferred method of
setting these variables is by setting them in
/etc/mk.conf
.
LOCALBASE
: Where
packages will be installed. The default is
/usr/pkg
. Do not mix binary
packages with different LOCALBASE
s!
CROSSBASE
: Where
“cross”
category packages will be installed. The default is
${LOCALBASE}/cross
.
X11BASE
: Where X11
is installed on the system. The default is
/usr/X11R6
.
DISTDIR
: Where to
store the downloaded copies of the original source
distributions used for building pkgsrc packages.
The default is ${PKGSRCDIR}/distfiles
.
MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE
: If set,
override the packages' MASTER_SITES
with this value.
MASTER_SITE_BACKUP
:
Backup location(s) for distribution files and patch
files if not found locally or in ${MASTER_SITES}
or ${PATCH_SITES}
respectively. The
defaults are ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/
and ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/
.
BINPKG_SITES
: List
of sites carrying binary pkgs.
XXX
PACKAGES
: The top
level directory for the binary packages. The
default is ${PKGSRCDIR}/packages
.
WRKOBJDIR
: The top
level directory where, if defined, the separate
working directories will get created, and
symbolically linked to from ${WRKDIR}
(see below). This is
useful for building packages on several
architectures, then ${PKGSRCDIR}
can be NFS-mounted
while ${WRKOBJDIR}
is local to every
architecture. (It should be noted that PKGSRCDIR
should not be set by the
user — it is an internal definition which
refers to the root of the pkgsrc tree. It is
possible to have many pkgsrc tree instances.)
LOCALPATCHES
:
Directory for local patches that aren't part of
pkgsrc. See Section 8.3,
“patches/*” for more information.
rel
and
arch
are
replaced with OS release (“2.0”, etc.) and architecture
(“mipsel”,
etc.).
PKGMAKECONF
:
Location of the mk.conf
file used by a package's
BSD-style Makefile. If this is not set,
MAKECONF
is set to
/dev/null
to avoid picking up
settings used by builds in /usr/src
.
XXX
PKG_DEVELOPER
: Run
some sanity checks that package developers
want:
make sure patches apply with zero fuzz
run check-shlibs to see that all binaries will find their shared libs.
PKG_DEBUG_LEVEL
:
The level of debugging output which is displayed
whilst making and installing the package. The
default value for this is 0, which will not display
the commands as they are executed (normal, default,
quiet operation); the value 1 will display all
shell commands before their invocation, and the
value 2 will display both the shell commands before
their invocation, and their actual execution
progress with set
-x will be displayed.
ALLOW_VULNERABILITIES.
: A
space separated list of vulnerability IDs that may
be ignored when performing the automated security
checks. These IDs are listed in the
pkg-vulnerabilities file and are displayed by
audit-packages when it
finds a vulnerable package.pkgbase
SKIP_AUDIT_PACKAGES
: If this is
set to “yes”, the automated security
checks (which use the security/audit-packages
package) will be entirely skipped
for all packages
built. Normally you'll want to use
ALLOW_VULNERABILITIES instead of this.
Some packages have build time options, usually to select between different dependencies, enable optional support for big dependencies or enable experimental features.
To see which options, if any, a package supports, and which options are mutually exclusive, run make show-options, for example:
The following options are supported by this package: ssl Enable SSL support. Exactly one of the following gecko options is required: firefox Use firefox as gecko rendering engine. mozilla Use mozilla as gecko rendering engine. At most one of the following database options may be selected: mysql Enable support for MySQL database. pgsql Enable support for PostgreSQL database. These options are enabled by default: firefox These options are currently enabled: mozilla ssl
The following variables can be defined in /etc/mk.conf
to select which options to
enable for a package: PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS
, which can be used
to select or disable options for all packages that
support them, and PKG_OPTIONS.
, which can
be used to select or disable options specifically for
package pkgbase
pkgbase
. Options listed
in these variables are selected, options preceded by
“-” are disabled.
A few examples:
$
grep "PKG.*OPTION" /etc/mk.conf
PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS= -arts -dvdread -esound
PKG_OPTIONS.kdebase= debug -sasl
PKG_OPTIONS.apache= suexec
The following settings are consulted in the order given, and the last setting that selects or disables an option is used:
the default options as suggested by the package maintainer
the options implied by the settings of legacy variables (see below)
PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS
PKG_OPTIONS.
pkgbase
For groups of mutually exclusive options, the last option selected is used, all others are automatically disabled. If an option of the group is explicitly disabled, the previously selected option, if any, is used. It is an error if no option from a required group of options is selected, and building the package will fail.
Before the options framework was introduced, build
options were selected by setting a variable (often named
USE_
) in
FOO
/etc/mk.conf
for each option. To
ease transition to the options framework for the user,
these legacy variables are converted to the appropriate
options setting (PKG_OPTIONS.
)
automatically. A warning is issued to prompt the user to
update pkgbase
/etc/mk.conf
to use the options
framework directly. Support for the legacy variables will
be removed eventually.
Table of Contents
Once you have built and installed a package, you can create a binary package which can be installed on another system with pkg_add(1). This saves having to build the same package on a group of hosts and wasting CPU time. It also provides a simple means for others to install your package, should you distribute it.
To create a binary package, change into the appropriate directory in pkgsrc, and run make package:
#
cd misc/figlet
#
make package
This will build and install your package (if not
already done), and then build a binary package from what
was installed. You can then use the pkg_* tools to manipulate it.
Binary packages are created by default in /usr/pkgsrc/packages
, in the form of a
gzipped tar file. See Section B.2,
“Packaging figlet” for a continuation of
the above misc/figlet
example.
See Chapter 18, Submitting and Committing for information on how to submit such a binary package.
If you want to get a full set of precompiled binary packages, this section describes how to get them. Beware that the bulk build will remove all currently installed packages from your system!
Having an FTP server configured either on the machine doing the bulk builds or on a nearby NFS server can help to make the packages available to other machines that can then save time by installing only the binary packages. See ftpd(8) for more information. If you use a remote NFS server's storage, be sure to not actually compile on NFS storage, as this slows things down a lot.
The build.conf
file is the main
configuration file for bulk builds. You can configure
how your copy of pkgsrc is kept up to date, how the
distfiles are downloaded, how the packages are built
and how the report is generated. You can find an
annotated example file in pkgsrc/mk/bulk/build.conf-example
.
To use it, copy build.conf-example
to build.conf
and edit it, following
the comments in that file.
You may want to set variables in /etc/mk.conf
. Look at pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf
for
details of the default settings. You will want to
ensure that ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES
meet your local
policy. As used in this example, _ACCEPTABLE=yes
accepts all licenses.
PACKAGES?= ${_PKGSRCDIR}/packages/${MACHINE_ARCH} WRKOBJDIR?= /usr/tmp/pkgsrc # build here instead of in pkgsrc BSDSRCDIR= /usr/src BSDXSRCDIR= /usr/xsrc # for x11/xservers OBJHOSTNAME?= yes # use work.`hostname` FAILOVER_FETCH= yes # insist on the correct checksum PKG_DEVELOPER?= yes _ACCEPTABLE= yes
Some options that are especially useful for bulk
builds can be found at the top lines of the file
mk/bulk/bsd.bulk-pkg.mk
. The most
useful options of these are briefly described
here.
If you are on a slow machine, you may want
to set USE_BULK_BROKEN_CHECK
to
“no”.
If you are doing bulk builds from a
read-only copy of pkgsrc, you have to set
BULKFILESDIR
to
the directory where all log files are created.
Otherwise the log files are created in the
pkgsrc directory.
Another important variable is BULK_PREREQ
, which is a list
of packages that should be always available
while building other packages.
Some other options are scattered in the pkgsrc infrastructure:
ALLOW_VULNERABLE_PACKAGES
should be set to yes
. The purpose of the bulk
builds is creating binary packages, no matter
if they are vulnerable or not. When uploading
the packages to a public server, the vulnerable
packages will be put into a directory of their
own. Leaving this variable unset would prevent
the bulk build system from even trying to build
them, so possible building errors would not
show up.
CHECK_FILES
(pkgsrc/mk/bsd.pkg.check.mk
)
can be set to “yes” to check that the
installed set of files matches the PLIST
.
CHECK_INTERPRETER
(pkgsrc/mk/bsd.pkg.check.mk
)
can be set to “yes” to check that the
installed “#!”-scripts will find
their interpreter.
It is possible to configure the bulk build to
perform certain site-specific tasks at the end of the
pre-build stage. If the file pre-build.local
exists in
/usr/pkgsrc/mk/bulk
, it will be
executed (as a
sh(1) script) at
the end of the usual pre-build stage. An example use
of pre-build.local
is to have the
line:
#
echo "I do not have enough disk space to build this pig." \ > pkgsrc/misc/openoffice/$BROKENF
to prevent the system from trying to build a particular package which requires nearly 3 GB of disk space.
As /usr/pkg
will be completely deleted
at the start of bulk builds, make sure your login shell
is placed somewhere else. Either drop it into
/usr/local/bin
(and adjust your
login shell in the passwd file), or (re-)install it via
pkg_add(1) from
/etc/rc.local
, so you can login
after a reboot (remember that your current process
won't die if the package is removed, you just can't
start any new instances of the shell any more). Also,
if you use NetBSD earlier than 1.5, or you still want
to use the pkgsrc version of ssh for some reason, be
sure to install ssh before starting it from
rc.local
:
( cd /usr/pkgsrc/security/ssh ; make bulk-install ) if [ -f /usr/pkg/etc/rc.d/sshd ]; then /usr/pkg/etc/rc.d/sshd fi
Not doing so will result in you being not able to log in via ssh after the bulk build is finished or if the machine gets rebooted or crashes. You have been warned! :)
Make sure you don't need any of the packages still installed.
During the bulk build, all packages will be removed!
Be sure to remove all other things that might
interfere with builds, like some libs installed in
/usr/local
, etc. then become
root and type:
#
cd /usr/pkgsrc
#
sh mk/bulk/build
If for some reason your last build didn't complete (power failure, system panic, ...), you can continue it by running:
#
sh mk/bulk/build restart
At the end of the bulk build, you will get a summary
via mail, and find build logs in the directory
specified by FTP
in the
build.conf
file.
The bulk builds consist of three steps:
The script updates your pkgsrc tree via (anon)cvs, then cleans out any broken distfiles, and removes all packages installed.
This is basically “make bulk-package” with an optimised order in which packages will be built. Packages that don't require other packages will be built first, and packages with many dependencies will be built later.
Generates a report that's placed in the
directory specified in the build.conf
file named
broken.html
, a short version of
that report will also be mailed to the build's
admin.
During the build, a list of broken packages will be
compiled in /usr/pkgsrc/.broken
(or .../.broken.${MACHINE}
if
OBJMACHINE
is set),
individual build logs of broken builds can be found in
the package's directory. These files are used by the
bulk-targets to mark broken builds to not waste time
trying to rebuild them, and they can be used to debug
these broken package builds later.
Currently, roughly the following requirements are valid for NetBSD 2.0/i386:
10 GB - distfiles (NFS ok)
8 GB - full set of all binaries (NFS ok)
5 GB - temp space for compiling (local disk recommended)
Note that all pkgs will be de-installed as soon as they are turned into a binary package, and that sources are removed, so there is no excessively huge demand to disk space. Afterwards, if the package is needed again, it will be installed via pkg_add(1) instead of building again, so there are no cycles wasted by recompiling.
If you don't want all the packages nuked from a machine (rendering it useless for anything but pkg compiling), there is the possibility of doing the package bulk build inside a chroot environment.
The first step is to set up a chroot sandbox, e.g.
/usr/sandbox
. This can be done
by using null mounts, or manually.
There is a shell script called pkgsrc/mk/bulk/mksandbox
which will
set up the sandbox environment using null mounts. It
will also create a script called sandbox
in the root of the sandbox
environment, which will allow the null mounts to be
activated using the sandbox mount command and
deactivated using the sandbox umount command.
To set up a sandbox environment by hand, after
extracting all the sets from a NetBSD installation or
doing a make distribution
DESTDIR=/usr/sandbox in /usr/src/etc
, be sure the following
items are present and properly configured:
Kernel
#
cp /netbsd /usr/sandbox
/dev/*
#
cd /usr/sandbox/dev ; sh MAKEDEV all
/etc/resolv.conf
(for security/smtpd
and
mail):
#
cp /etc/resolv.conf /usr/sandbox/etc
Working(!) mail config (hostname, sendmail.cf):
#
cp /etc/mail/sendmail.cf /usr/sandbox/etc/mail
/etc/localtime
(for security/smtpd
):
#
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC /usr/sandbox/etc/localtime
/usr/src
(system sources, for
sysutils/aperture
,
net/ppp-mppe
):
#
ln -s ../disk1/cvs .
#
ln -s cvs/src-2.0 src
Create /var/db/pkg
(not part of
default install):
#
mkdir /usr/sandbox/var/db/pkg
Create /usr/pkg
(not part of default
install):
#
mkdir /usr/sandbox/usr/pkg
Checkout pkgsrc via cvs into /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc
:
#
cd /usr/sandbox/usr
#
cvs -d anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot checkout -d -P pkgsrc
Do not mount/link this to the copy of your pkgsrc tree you do development in, as this will likely cause problems!
Make /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc/packages
and .../distfiles
point somewhere
appropriate. NFS- and/or nullfs-mounts may come
in handy!
Edit /etc/mk.conf
, see Section 6.3.1.2,
“/etc/mk.conf”.
Adjust mk/bulk/build.conf
to suit your
needs.
When the chroot sandbox is set up, you can start the build with the following steps:
#
cd /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc
#
sh mk/bulk/do-sandbox-build
This will just jump inside the sandbox and start
building. At the end of the build, mail will be sent
with the results of the build. Created binary pkgs will
be in /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc/packages
(wherever that points/mounts to/from).
In addition to building a complete set of all
packages in pkgsrc, the pkgsrc/mk/bulk/build
script may be
used to build a subset of the packages contained in
pkgsrc. By setting SPECIFIC_PKGS
in /etc/mk.conf
, the variables
SITE_SPECIFIC_PKGS
HOST_SPECIFIC_PKGS
GROUP_SPECIFIC_PKGS
USER_SPECIFIC_PKGS
will define the set of packages which should be built. The bulk build code will also include any packages which are needed as dependencies for the explicitly listed packages.
One use of this is to do a bulk build with
SPECIFIC_PKGS
in a chroot
sandbox periodically to have a complete set of the
binary packages needed for your site available without
the overhead of building extra packages that are not
needed.
This section describes how pkgsrc developers can upload binary pkgs built by bulk builds to ftp.NetBSD.org.
If you would like to automatically create checksum
files for the binary packages you intend to upload,
remember to set MKSUMS=yes
in your mk/bulk/build.conf
.
If you would like to PGP sign the checksum files
(highly recommended!), remember to set SIGN_AS=username@NetBSD.org
in your
mk/bulk/build.conf
. This will
prompt you for your GPG password to sign the files
before uploading everything.
Then, make sure that you have RSYNC_DST
set properly in your
mk/bulk/build.conf
file, i.e.
adjust it to something like one of the following:
RSYNC_DST=ftp.NetBSD.org:/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc-200xQy/NetBSD-a.b.c/arch/upload
Please use appropriate values for "pkgsrc-200xQy", "NetBSD-a.b.c" and "arch" here. If your login on ftp.NetBSD.org is different from your local login, write your login directly into the variable, e.g. my local account is "feyrer", but for my login "hubertf", I use:
RSYNC_DST=hubertf@ftp.NetBSD.org:/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc-200xQy/NetBSD-a.b.c/arch/upload
A separate upload
directory is used here to
allow "closing" the directory during upload. To do so,
run the following command on ftp.NetBSD.org next:
nbftp% mkdir -p -m 750 /pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc-200xQy/NetBSD-a.b.c/arch/upload
Please note that /pub/NetBSD/packages
is only
appropriate for packages for the NetBSD operating
system. Binary packages for other operating systems
should go into /pub/pkgsrc
.
Before uploading the binary pkgs, ssh authentication needs to be set up. This example shows how to set up temporary keys for the root account inside the sandbox (assuming that no keys should be present there usually):
#
chroot /usr/sandbox
chroot-#
rm $HOME/.ssh/id-dsa*
chroot-#
ssh-keygen -t dsa
chroot-#
cat $HOME/.ssh/id-dsa.pub
Now take the output of id-dsa.pub
and append it to your
~/.ssh/authorized_keys
file on
ftp.NetBSD.org. You can remove the key after the upload
is done!
Next, test if your ssh connection really works:
chroot-#
ssh ftp.NetBSD.org date
Use "-l yourNetBSDlogin" here as appropriate!
Now after all this works, you can exit the sandbox and start the upload:
chroot-#
exit
#
cd /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc
#
sh mk/bulk/do-sandbox-upload
The upload process may take quite some time. Use
ls(1) or
du(1) on the FTP
server to monitor progress of the upload. The upload
script will take care of not uploading restricted
packages and putting vulnerable packages into the
vulnerable
subdirectory.
After the upload has ended, first thing is to revoke ssh access:
nbftp% vi ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
Gdd:x!
Use whatever is needed to remove the key you've
entered before! Last, move the uploaded packages out of
the upload
directory to have them
accessible to everyone:
nbftp%cd /pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc-200xQy/NetBSD-a.b.c/arch
nbftp%mv upload/* .
nbftp%rmdir upload
nbftp%chmod 755 .
After your pkgsrc bulk-build has completed, you may
wish to create a CD-ROM set of the resulting binary
packages to assist in installing packages on other
machines. The pkgtools/cdpack
package provides a
simple tool for creating the ISO 9660 images.
cdpack
arranges the packages on the CD-ROMs in a way that keeps
all the dependencies for a given package on the same CD
as that package.
Complete documentation for cdpack is found in the
cdpack(1) man page. The following short example assumes
that the binary packages are left in /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All
and that
sufficient disk space exists in /u2
to hold the ISO 9660 images.
#
mkdir /u2/images
#
pkg_add /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All/cdpack
#
cdpack /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All /u2/images
If you wish to include a common set of files
(COPYRIGHT
, README
, etc.) on each CD in the
collection, then you need to create a directory which
contains these files. e.g.
#
mkdir /tmp/common
#
echo "This is a README" > /tmp/common/README
#
echo "Another file" > /tmp/common/COPYING
#
mkdir /tmp/common/bin
#
echo "#!/bin/sh" > /tmp/common/bin/myscript
#
echo "echo Hello world" >> /tmp/common/bin/myscript
#
chmod 755 /tmp/common/bin/myscript
Now create the images:
#
cdpack -x /tmp/common /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All /u2/images
Each image will contain README
, COPYING
, and bin/myscript
in their root
directories.
Table of Contents
This section contains hints, tips & tricks on special things in pkgsrc that we didn't find a better place for in the previous chapters, and it contains items for both pkgsrc users and developers.
The following mailing lists may be of interest to pkgsrc users:
pkgsrc-bugs: A list where problem reports related to pkgsrc are sent and discussed.
pkgsrc-bulk: A list where the results of pkgsrc bulk builds are sent and discussed.
pkgsrc-changes: A list where all commit messages to pkgsrc are sent.
tech-pkg: A general discussion list for all things related to pkgsrc.
To subscribe, do:
%
echo subscribelistname
| mail majordomo@NetBSD.org
Archives for all these mailing lists are available from http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/.
Pkgviews is tightly integrated with buildlink. You can
find a pkgviews User's guide in pkgsrc/mk/buildlink3/PKGVIEWS_UG
.
The pkgsrc/pkgtools
directory pkgtools
contains a number of useful utilities for both users and
developers of pkgsrc. This section attempts only to make
the reader aware of the utilities and when they might be
useful, and not to duplicate the documentation that comes
with each package.
Utilities used by pkgsrc (automatically installed when needed):
pkgtools/x11-links
: Symlinks
for use by buildlink.
OS tool augmentation (automatically installed when needed):
pkgtools/digest
: Calculates
various kinds of checksums (including SHA1).
pkgtools/libnbcompat
:
Compatibility library for pkgsrc tools.
pkgtools/mtree
: Installed on
non-BSD systems due to lack of native mtree.
pkgtools/pkg_install
:
Up-to-date replacement for /usr/sbin/pkg_install
, or for use
on operating systems where pkg_install is not
present.
Utilities used by pkgsrc (not automatically installed):
pkgtools/pkg_tarup
: Create a
binary package from an already-installed package.
Used by make
replace to save the old
package.
pkgtools/dfdisk
: Adds extra
functionality to pkgsrc, allowing it to fetch
distfiles from multiple locations. It currently
supports the following methods: multiple CD-ROMs
and network FTP/HTTP connections.
pkgtools/xpkgwedge
: Put X11
packages someplace else (enabled by default).
devel/cpuflags
: Determine the
best compiler flags to optimise code for your
current CPU and compiler.
Utilities for keeping track of installed packages, being up to date, etc:
pkgtools/pkg_chk
: Reports on
packages whose installed versions do not match the
latest pkgsrc entries.
pkgtools/pkgdep
: Makes
dependency graphs of packages, to aid in choosing a
strategy for updating.
pkgtools/pkgdepgraph
: Makes
graphs from the output of pkgtools/pkgdep
(uses
graphviz).
pkgtools/pkglint
: The
pkglint(1) program checks a pkgsrc entry for
errors, lintpkgsrc(1) does various checks on the
complete pkgsrc system.
pkgtools/pkgsurvey
: Report
what packages you have installed.
Utilities for people maintaining or creating individual packages:
pkgtools/pkgdiff
: Automate
making and maintaining patches for a package
(includes pkgdiff, pkgvi, mkpatches, etc.).
pkgtools/rpm2pkg
, pkgtools/url2pkg
: Aids in
converting to pkgsrc.
pkgtools/gensolpkg
: Convert
pkgsrc to a Solaris package.
Utilities for people maintaining pkgsrc (or: more obscure pkg utilities)
pkgtools/pkg_comp
: Build
packages in a chrooted area.
pkgtools/libkver
: Spoof
kernel version for chrooted cross builds.
If you want to use pkgsrc as non-root user, you can
set some variables to make pkgsrc work under these
conditions. At the very least, you need to set
UNPRIVILEGED
to
“yes”; this will
turn on unprivileged mode and set multiple related
variables to allow installation of packages as
non-root.
In case the defaults are not enough, you may want to
tune some other variables used. For example, if the
automatic user/group detection leads to incorrect values
(or not the ones you would like to use), you can change
them by setting UNPRIVILEGED_USER
and UNPRIVILEGED_GROUP
respectively.
As regards bootstrapping, please note that the
bootstrap
script will ease non-root configuration when given the
“--ignore-user-check” flag, as it
will choose and use multiple default directories under
~/pkg
as the installation
targets. These directories can be overriden by the
“--prefix” flag
provided by the script, as well as some others that allow
finer tuning of the tree layout.
By default, resuming transfers in pkgsrc is disabled,
but you can enable this feature by adding the option
PKG_RESUME_TRANSFERS=YES
into /etc/mk.conf
. If, during a fetch step,
an incomplete distfile is found, pkgsrc will try to
resume it.
You can also use a different program than the default
ftp(1) by changing the
FETCH_CMD
variable. Don't
forget to set FETCH_RESUME_ARGS
and FETCH_OUTPUT_ARGS
if you are not using
default values.
For example, if you want to use wget
to resume downloads, you'll have
to use something like:
FETCH_CMD= wget FETCH_BEFORE_ARGS= --passive-ftp FETCH_RESUME_ARGS= -c FETCH_OUTPUT_ARGS= -O
If you want to use XFree86 from pkgsrc instead of your
system's own X11 (/usr/X11R6
, /usr/openwin
, ...), you will have to
add the following line into /etc/mk.conf
:
X11_TYPE=XFree86
If you want to use X.org from pkgsrc instead of your
system's own X11 (/usr/X11R6
, /usr/openwin
, ...) you will have to add
the following line into /etc/mk.conf
:
X11_TYPE=xorg
The DragonFly operating system defaults to using this X.org X11 implementation from pkgsrc.
If you are sitting behind a firewall which does not allow direct connections to Internet hosts (i.e. non-NAT), you may specify the relevant proxy hosts. This is done using an environment variable in the form of a URL, e.g. in Amdahl, the machine “orpheus.amdahl.com” is one of the firewalls, and it uses port 80 as the proxy port number. So the proxy environment variables are:
ftp_proxy=ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/ http_proxy=http://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/
This depends on which utility is used to retrieve
distfiles. From bsd.pkg.mk
, FETCH_CMD
is assigned the first
available command from the following list:
${LOCALBASE}/bin/ftp
/usr/bin/ftp
On a default NetBSD installation, this will be
/usr/bin/ftp
, which automatically
tries passive connections first, and falls back to active
connections if the server refuses to do passive. For the
other tools, add the following to your /etc/mk.conf
file: PASSIVE_FETCH=1
.
Having that option present will prevent /usr/bin/ftp
from falling back to
active transfers.
You would like to download all the distfiles in a single batch from work or university, where you can't run a make fetch. There is an archive of distfiles on ftp.NetBSD.org, but downloading the entire directory may not be appropriate.
The answer here is to do a make fetch-list in /usr/pkgsrc
or one of its
subdirectories, carry the resulting list to your machine
at work/school and use it there. If you don't have a
NetBSD-compatible
ftp(1) (like lukemftp)
at work, don't forget to set FETCH_CMD
to something that fetches a
URL:
At home:
%
cd /usr/pkgsrc
%
make fetch-list FETCH_CMD=wget DISTDIR=/tmp/distfiles >/tmp/fetch.sh
%
scp /tmp/fetch.sh work:/tmp
At work:
%
sh /tmp/fetch.sh
then tar up /tmp/distfiles
and take it home.
If you have a machine running NetBSD, and you want to get all distfiles (even ones that aren't for your machine architecture), you can do so by using the above-mentioned make fetch-list approach, or fetch the distfiles directly by running:
%
make mirror-distfiles
If you even decide to ignore NO_{SRC,BIN}_ON_{FTP,CDROM}
, then you
can get everything by running:
%
make fetch NO_SKIP=yes
When compiling the pkgtools/pkg_install
package, you
get the error from make that it doesn't know how to make
/usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc
? This
indicates that you don't have installed the
“text” set (nroff,
...) from the NetBSD base distribution on your machine.
It is recommended to do that to format man pages.
In the case of the pkgtools/pkg_install
package, you
can get away with setting NOMAN=YES
either in the environment or
in /etc/mk.conf
.
You didn't install the compiler set, comp.tgz
, when you installed your
NetBSD machine. Please get and install it, by extracting
it in /
:
#
cd /
#
tar --unlink -zxvpf .../comp.tgz
comp.tgz
is part of every NetBSD
release. Get the one that corresponds to your release
(determine via uname
-r).
When installing packages as non-root user and using
the just-in-time
su(1) feature of
pkgsrc, it can become annoying to type in the root
password for each required package installed. To avoid
this, the sudo package can be used, which does password
caching over a limited time. To use it, install sudo
(either as binary package or from security/sudo
) and then put the
following into your /etc/mk.conf
:
.if exists(${LOCALBASE}/bin/sudo) SU_CMD= ${LOCALBASE}/bin/sudo /bin/sh -c .endif
As the system administrator, you can choose where
configuration files are installed. The default settings
make all these files go into ${PREFIX}/etc
or some of its
subdirectories; this may be suboptimal depending on your
expectations (e.g., a read-only, NFS-exported
PREFIX
with a need of
per-machine configuration of the provided packages).
In order to change the defaults, you can modify the
PKG_SYSCONFBASE
variable (in
/etc/mk.conf
) to point to your
preferred configuration directory; some common examples
include /etc
or /etc/pkg
.
Furthermore, you can change this value on a
per-package basis by setting the PKG_SYSCONFDIR.${PKG_SYSCONFVAR}
variable. PKG_SYSCONFVAR
's
value usually matches the name of the package you would
like to modify, that is, the contents of PKGBASE
.
Note that after changing these settings, you must rebuild and reinstall any affected packages.
Please be aware that there can often be bugs in
third-party software, and some of these bugs can leave a
machine vulnerable to exploitation by attackers. In an
effort to lessen the exposure, the NetBSD packages team
maintains a database of known-exploits to packages which
have at one time been included in pkgsrc. The database
can be downloaded automatically, and a security audit of
all packages installed on a system can take place. To do
this, install the security/audit-packages
package. It
has two components:
download-vulnerability-list, an easy way to download a list of the security vulnerabilities information. This list is kept up to date by the NetBSD security officer and the NetBSD packages team, and is distributed from the NetBSD ftp server:
ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles/pkg-vulnerabilities
audit-packages, an easy way to audit the current machine, checking each vulnerability which is known. If a vulnerable package is installed, it will be shown by output to stdout, including a description of the type of vulnerability, and a URL containing more information.
Use of the security/audit-packages
package is
strongly recommended! After “audit-packages” is installed, please
read the package's message, which you can get by running
pkg_info -D
audit-packages
.
If this package is installed, pkgsrc builds will use it to perform a security check before building any package. See Section 5.2, “Variables affecting the build process” for ways to control this check.
Table of Contents
Makefile
sTable of Contents
Whenever you're preparing a package, there are a number of files involved which are described in the following sections.
Building, installation and creation of a binary
package are all controlled by the package's Makefile
. The Makefile
describes various things about
a package, for example from where to get it, how to
configure, build, and install it.
A package Makefile
contains several sections that
describe the package.
In the first section there are the following variables, which should appear exactly in the order given here.
DISTNAME
is the
basename of the distribution file to be downloaded
from the package's website.
PKGNAME
is the name
of the package, as used by pkgsrc. You only need to
provide it if it differs from DISTNAME
. Usually it is the
directory name together with the version number. It
must match the regular expression ^[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9-_.+]*$
,
that is, it starts with a letter or digit, and
contains only letters, digits, dashes, underscores,
dots and plus signs.
CATEGORIES
is a
list of categories which the package fits in. You
can choose any of the top-level directories of
pkgsrc for it.
Currently the following values are available for
CATEGORIES
. If more
than one is used, they need to be separated by
spaces:
archivers cross geography meta-pkgs security audio databases graphics misc shells benchmarks devel ham multimedia sysutils biology editors inputmethod net textproc cad emulators lang news time chat finance mail parallel wm comms fonts math pkgtools www converters games mbone print x11
MASTER_SITES
is a
list of URLs where the distribution files can be
downloaded. Each URL must end with a slash.
The MASTER_SITES
may make use of the following predefined sites:
${MASTER_SITE_APACHE} ${MASTER_SITE_BACKUP} ${MASTER_SITE_CYGWIN} ${MASTER_SITE_DEBIAN} ${MASTER_SITE_FREEBSD} ${MASTER_SITE_FREEBSD_LOCAL} ${MASTER_SITE_GNOME} ${MASTER_SITE_GNU} ${MASTER_SITE_GNUSTEP} ${MASTER_SITE_IFARCHIVE} ${MASTER_SITE_MOZILLA} ${MASTER_SITE_OPENOFFICE} ${MASTER_SITE_PERL_CPAN} ${MASTER_SITE_R_CRAN} ${MASTER_SITE_SOURCEFORGE} ${MASTER_SITE_SUNSITE} ${MASTER_SITE_SUSE} ${MASTER_SITE_TEX_CTAN} ${MASTER_SITE_XCONTRIB} ${MASTER_SITE_XEMACS}
If one of these predefined sites is chosen, you may want to specify a subdirectory of that site. Since these macros may expand to more than one actual site, you must use the following construct to specify a subdirectory:
${MASTER_SITE_GNU:=subdirectory/name/} ${MASTER_SITE_SOURCEFORGE:=project_name/}
Note the trailing slash after the subdirectory name.
If the package has multiple DISTFILES
or multiple PATCHFILES
from different sites,
set SITES_foo
to a
list of URIs where file “foo” may be found.
“foo”
includes the suffix, e.g.:
DISTFILES= ${DISTNAME}${EXTRACT_SUFX} DISTFILES+= foo-file.tar.gz SITES_foo-file.tar.gz= \ http://www.somewhere.com/somehow/ \ http://www.somewhereelse.com/mirror/somehow/
DISTFILES
: Name(s)
of archive file(s) containing distribution. The
default is ${DISTNAME}${EXTRACT_SUFX}
.
Should only be set if you have more than one
distfile.
Note that the normal default setting of
DISTFILES
must be made
explicit if you want to add to it (rather than
replace it), as you usually would.
EXTRACT_SUFX
:
Suffix of the distribution file, will be appended
to DISTNAME
. Defaults
to .tar.gz
.
The second section contains information about separately downloaded patches, if any.
PATCHFILES:
Name(s)
of additional files that contain distribution
patches. There is no default. pkgsrc will look for
them at PATCH_SITES
.
They will automatically be uncompressed before
patching if the names end with .gz
or .Z
.
PATCH_SITES
:
Primary location(s) for distribution patch files
(see PATCHFILES
below)
if not found locally.
The third section contains the following variables.
MAINTAINER
is the
email address of the person who feels responsible
for this package, and who is most likely to look at
problems or questions regarding this package which
have been reported with
send-pr(1). Other
developers should contact the MAINTAINER
before making major
changes to the package. When packaging a new
program, set MAINTAINER
to yourself. If you
really can't maintain the package for future
updates, set it to <tech-pkg@NetBSD.org>
.
HOMEPAGE
is a URL
where users can find more information about the
package.
COMMENT
is a
one-line description of the package (should not
include the package name).
Other variables that affect the build:
WRKSRC
: The
directory where the interesting distribution files
of the package are found. The default is
${WRKDIR}/${DISTNAME}
, which
works for most packages.
If a package doesn't create a subdirectory for
itself (most GNU software does, for instance), but
extracts itself in the current directory, you
should set WRKSRC=
${WRKDIR}
.
If a package doesn't create a subdirectory with
the name of DISTNAME
but some different name, set WRKSRC
to point to the proper name
in ${WRKDIR}
, for example
WRKSRC=
${WRKDIR}/${DISTNAME}/unix
. See lang/tcl
and x11/tk
for other
examples.
The name of the working directory created by
pkgsrc is taken from the WRKDIR_BASENAME
variable. By
default, its value is work
. If you want to use the same
pkgsrc tree for building different kinds of binary
packages, you can change the variable according to
your needs. Two other variables handle common cases
of setting WRKDIR_BASENAME
individually. If
OBJHOSTNAME
is defined
in /etc/mk.conf
, the first component
of the host's name is attached to the directory
name. If OBJMACHINE
is
defined, the platform name is attached, which might
look like work.i386
or work.sparc
.
Please pay attention to the following gotchas:
Add MANCOMPRESSED
if man pages are installed in compressed form by
the package; see comment in bsd.pkg.mk
.
Replace /usr/local
with
“${PREFIX}”
in all files (see patches, below).
If the package installs any info files, see Section 16.5.7, “Packages installing info files”.
The distinfo
file contains the message
digest, or checksum, of each distfile needed for the
package. This ensures that the distfiles retrieved from
the Internet have not been corrupted during transfer or
altered by a malign force to introduce a security hole.
Due to recent rumor about weaknesses of digest
algorithms, all distfiles are protected using both SHA1
and RMD160 message digests, as well as the file size.
The distinfo
file also contains the
checksums for all the patches found in the patches
directory (see Section 8.3,
“patches/*”).
To regenerate the distinfo
file, use the
make
makedistinfo or make mdi command.
Some packages have different sets of distfiles
depending on the platform, for example www/navigator
). These are kept in
the same distinfo
file and care should be taken
when upgrading such a package to ensure distfile
information is not lost.
This directory contains files that are used by the
patch(1) command to
modify the sources as distributed in the distribution
file into a form that will compile and run perfectly on
NetBSD. The files are applied successively in alphabetic
order (as returned by a shell “patches/patch-*” glob expansion), so
patch-aa
is applied before
patch-ab
, etc.
The patch-*
files should be in
diff -bu
format, and apply without a fuzz to avoid problems. (To
force patches to apply with fuzz you can set PATCH_FUZZ_FACTOR=-F2
). Furthermore, do
not put changes for more than one file into a single
patch file, as this will make future modifications more
difficult.
Similar, a file should be patched at most once, not several times by several different patches. If a file needs several patches, they should be combined into one file.
One important thing to mention is to pay attention
that no RCS IDs get stored in the patch files, as these
will cause problems when later checked into the NetBSD
CVS tree. Use the pkgdiff from the pkgtools/pkgdiff
package to avoid
these problems.
For even more automation, we recommend using
mkpatches
from the same package to make a whole set of patches. You
just have to backup files before you edit them to
filename.orig
, e.g. with
cp -p filename
filename.orig or, easier, by using
pkgvi again
from the same package. If you upgrade a package this way,
you can easily compare the new set of patches with the
previously existing one with patchdiff.
When you have finished a package, remember to generate
the checksums for the patch files by using the
make
makepatchsum command, see Section 8.2,
“distinfo
”.
When adding a patch that corrects a problem in the distfile (rather than e.g. enforcing pkgsrc's view of where man pages should go), send the patch as a bug report to the maintainer. This benefits non-pkgsrc users of the package, and usually enables removing the patch in future version.
Patch files that are distributed by the author or
other maintainers can be listed in $PATCHFILES
.
If it is desired to store any patches that should not
be committed into pkgsrc, they can be kept outside the
pkgsrc tree in the $LOCALPATCHES
directory. The directory
tree there is expected to have the same
“category/package”
structure as pkgsrc, and patches are expected to be
stored inside these dirs (also known as $LOCALPATCHES/$PKGPATH
). For example,
if you want to keep a private patch for pkgsrc/graphics/png
, keep it in
$LOCALPATCHES/graphics/png/mypatch
. All
files in the named directory are expected to be patch
files, and they are applied
after pkgsrc patches are applied.
DESCR
A multi-line description of the piece of software. This should include any credits where they are due. Please bear in mind that others do not share your sense of humour (or spelling idiosyncrasies), and that others will read everything that you write here.
PLIST
This file governs the files that are installed on your system: all the binaries, manual pages, etc. There are other directives which may be entered in this file, to control the creation and deletion of directories, and the location of inserted files. See Chapter 10, PLIST issues for more information.
INSTALL
This shell script is invoked twice by
pkg_add(1). First
time after package extraction and before files are
moved in place, the second time after the files to
install are moved in place. This can be used to do
any custom procedures not possible with @exec
commands in PLIST
. See
pkg_add(1) and
pkg_create(1) for
more information.
DEINSTALL
This script is executed before and after any files are removed. It is this script's responsibility to clean up any additional messy details around the package's installation, since all pkg_delete knows is how to delete the files created in the original distribution. See pkg_delete(1) and pkg_create(1) for more information.
MESSAGE
This file is displayed after installation of the
package. Useful for things like legal notices on
almost-free software and hints for updating config
files after installing modules for apache, PHP etc.
Please note that you can modify variables in it
easily by using MESSAGE_SUBST
in the package's
Makefile
:
MESSAGE_SUBST+= SOMEVAR="somevalue"
replaces "${SOMEVAR}" with “somevalue” in MESSAGE
.
When you type make, the distribution files
are unpacked into the directory denoted by WRKDIR
. It can be removed by running
make clean.
Besides the sources, this directory is also used to keep
various timestamp files. The directory gets removed completely on clean.
The default is ${.CURDIR}/work
or ${.CURDIR}/work.${MACHINE_ARCH}
if
OBJMACHINE
is set.
If you have any files that you wish to be placed in
the package prior to configuration or building, you could
place these files here and use a “${CP}” command in the
“pre-configure”
target to achieve this. Alternatively, you could simply
diff the file against /dev/null
and use the patch mechanism
to manage the creation of this file.
Table of Contents
Pkgsrc consists of many Makefile
fragments, each of which forms a
well-defined part of the pkgsrc system. Using the
make(1) system as a
programming language for a big system like pkgsrc requires
some discipline to keep the code correct and
understandable.
The basic ingredients for Makefile
programming are variables (which
are actually macros) and shell commands. Among these shell
commands may even be more complex ones like
awk(1) programs. To make
sure that every shell command runs as intended it is
necessary to quote all variables correctly when they are
used.
This chapter describes some patterns, that appear quite
often in Makefile
s, including the pitfalls that
come along with them.
Makefile
variables contain
strings that can be processed using the five operators
``='', ``+='', ``?='', ``:='', and ``!='', which are
described in the
make(1) man page.
When a variable's value is parsed from a Makefile
, the hash character ``#'' and
the backslash character ``\'' are handled specially. If a
backslash is followed by a newline, any whitespace
immediately in front of the backslash, the backslash, the
newline, and any whitespace immediately behind the
newline are replaced with a single space. A backspace
character and an immediately following hash character are
replaced with a single hash character. Otherwise, the
backslash is passed as is. In a variable assignment, any
hash character that is not preceded by a backslash starts
a comment that continues upto the end of the logical
line.
Note: Because
of this parsing algorithm the only way to create a
variable consisting of a single backslash is using the
``!='' operator, for example: BACKSLASH!=echo "\\"
.
So far for defining variables. The other thing you can do with variables is evaluating them. A variable is evaluated when it is part of the right side of the ``:='' or the ``!='' operator, or directly before executing a shell command which the variable is part of. In all other cases, make(1) performs lazy evaluation, that is, variables are not evaluated until there's no other way. The ``modifiers'' mentioned in the man page also evaluate the variable.
Some of the modifiers split the string into words and then operate on the words, others operate on the string as a whole. When a string is split into words, it is split as you would expect it from sh(1).
No rule without exception—the .for loop does not follow the shell quoting rules but splits at sequences of whitespace.
There are several types of variables that should be handled differently. Strings and two types of lists.
Strings
can contain arbitrary characters. Nevertheless, you
should restrict yourself to only using printable
characters. Examples are PREFIX
and COMMENT
.
Internal
lists are lists that are never exported
to any shell command. Their elements are separated
by whitespace. Therefore, the elements themselves
cannot have embedded whitespace. Any other
characters are allowed. Internal lists can be used
in .for loops. Examples are
DEPENDS
and
BUILD_DEPENDS
.
External
lists are lists that may be exported to
a shell command. Their elements can contain any
characters, including whitespace. That's why they
cannot be used in .for loops. Examples are
DISTFILES
and
MASTER_SITES
.
All variable names starting with an underscore
are reserved for use by the pkgsrc
infrastructure. They shall not be used by package
Makefile
s.
In .for loops you should use lowercase variable names for the iteration variables.
All list variables should have a ``plural''
name, e.g. PKG_OPTIONS
or DISTFILES
.
This section presents you with some code snippets you should use in your own code. If you don't find anything appropriate here, you should test your code and add it here.
STRING= foo * bar `date` INT_LIST= # empty ANOTHER_INT_LIST= apache-[0-9]*:../../www/apache EXT_LIST= # empty ANOTHER_EXT_LIST= a=b c=d INT_LIST+= ${STRING} # 1 INT_LIST+= ${ANOTHER_INT_LIST} # 2 EXT_LIST+= ${STRING:Q} # 3 EXT_LIST+= ${ANOTHER_EXT_LIST} # 4
When you add a string to an external list (example 3), it must be quoted. In all other cases, you must not add a quoting level. You must not merge internal and external lists, unless you are sure that all entries are correctly interpreted in both lists.
EXT_LIST= # empty .for i in ${INT_LIST} EXT_LIST+= ${i:Q}"" .endfor
This code converts the internal list INT_LIST
into the external list
EXT_LIST
. As the elements
of an internal list are unquoted they must be quoted
here. The reason for appending ""
is explained below.
STRING= foo bar < > * `date` $$HOME ' " EXT_LIST= string=${STRING:Q} x=second\ item all: echo ${STRING} # 1 echo "${STRING}" # 2 echo "${STRING:Q}" # 3 echo ${STRING:Q} # 4 echo x${STRING:Q} | sed 1s,.,, # 5 env ${EXT_LIST} /bin/sh -c 'echo "$$string"; echo "$$x"'
Example 1 leads to a syntax error in the shell, as the characters are just copied.
Example 2 leads to a syntax error too, and if you
leave out the last " character from ${STRING}
,
date(1) will be
executed. The $HOME
shell
variable would be evaluated, too.
Example 3 outputs each space character preceded by a backslash (or not), depending on the implementation of the echo(1) command.
Example 4 handles correctly every string that does not start with a dash. In that case, the result depends on the implementation of the echo(1) command. As long as you can guarantee that your input does not start with a dash, this form is appropriate.
Example 5 handles even the case of a leading dash correctly.
The EXT_LIST
does not
need to be quoted because the quoting has already been
done when adding elements to the list.
As internal lists shall not be passed to the shell, there is no example for it.
There are many possible sources of wrongly quoted variables. This section lists some of the commonly known ones.
Whenever you use the value of a list, think
about what happens to leading or trailing
whitespace. If the list is a well-formed shell
expression, you can apply the :M*
modifier to strip leading
and trailing whitespace from each word. The
:M
operator first
splits its argument according to the rules of the
shell, and then creates a new list consisting of
all words that match the shell glob expression
*
, that is: all. One
class of situations where this is needed is when
adding a variable like CPPFLAGS
to CONFIGURE_ARGS
. If the configure
script invokes other configure scripts, it strips
the leading and trailing whitespace from the
variable and then passes it to the other
configure scripts. But these configure scripts
expect the (child) CPPFLAGS
variable to be the same
as the parent CPPFLAGS
. That's why we better
pass the CPPFLAGS
value properly trimmed. And here is how we do
it:
CPPFLAGS= # empty CPPFLAGS+= -Wundef -DPREFIX=\"${PREFIX:Q}\" CPPFLAGS+= ${MY_CPPFLAGS} CONFIGURE_ARGS+= CPPFLAGS=${CPPFLAGS:M*:Q} all: echo x${CPPFLAGS:Q}x # leading and trailing whitespace echo x${CONFIGURE_ARGS}x # properly trimmed
The example above contains one bug: The
${PREFIX}
is a
properly quoted shell expression, but there is
the C compiler after it, which also expects a
properly quoted string (this time in C syntax).
The version above is therefore only correct if
${PREFIX}
does not
have embedded backslashes or double quotes. If
you want to allow these, you have to add another
layer of quoting to each variable that is used as
a C string literal. You cannot use the
:Q
operator for it,
as this operator only works for the shell.
Whenever a variable can be empty, the
:Q
operator can have
surprising results. Here are two completely
different cases which can be solved with the same
trick.
EMPTY= # empty empty_test: for i in a ${EMPTY:Q} c; do \ echo "$$i"; \ done for_test: .for i in a:\ a:\test.txt echo ${i:Q} echo "foo" .endfor
The first example will only print two of the
three lines we might have expected. This is
because ${EMPTY:Q}
expands to the empty string, which the shell
cannot see. The workaround is to write
${EMPTY:Q}""
. This
pattern can be often found as ${TEST} -z ${VAR:Q}
or as
${TEST} -f
${FNAME:Q}
(both of these are wrong).
The second example will only print three lines
instead of four. The first line looks like
a:\ echo foo
. This
is because the backslash of the value
a:\
is interpreted
as a line-continuation by
make(1), which
makes the second line the arguments of the
echo(1) command
from the first line. To avoid this, write
${i:Q}""
.
The pkgsrc bmake program does not handle the
following assignment correctly. In case _othervar_
contains a ``-'' character,
one of the closing braces is included in ${VAR}
after this code executes.
VAR:= ${VAR:N${_othervar_:C/-//}}
For a more complex code snippet and a workaround,
see the package regress/make-quoting
, testcase
bug1
.
Table of Contents
The PLIST
file contains a package's
“packing list”, i.e.
a list of files that belong to the package (relative to the
${PREFIX}
directory it's been
installed in) plus some additional statements - see the
pkg_create(1) man page
for a full list. This chapter addresses some issues that
need attention when dealing with the PLIST
file (or files, see below!).
Be sure to add a RCS ID line as the first thing in any
PLIST
file you write:
@comment $NetBSD$
You can use the make print-PLIST command to output a PLIST that matches any new files since the package was extracted. See Section 14.16, “Other helpful targets” for more information on this target.
If you have used any of the *-dirs packages, as
explained in Section 10.8,
“Sharing directories between packages”,
you may have noticed that make print-PLIST outputs a set
of @comment
s instead of real
@dirrm
lines. You can also
do this for specific directories and files, so that the
results of that command are very close to reality. This
helps a lot during
the update of packages.
The PRINT_PLIST_AWK
variable takes a set of AWK patterns and actions that are
used to filter the output of print-PLIST. You can
append any chunk
of AWK scripting you like to it, but be careful with
quoting.
For example, to get all files inside the libdata/foo
directory removed from the
resulting PLIST:
PRINT_PLIST_AWK+= /^libdata\/foo/ { next; }
And to get all the @dirrm
lines referring to a specific (shared) directory
converted to @comment
s:
PRINT_PLIST_AWK+= /^@dirrm share\/specific/ { print "@comment " $$0; next; }
A number of variables are substituted automatically in PLISTs when a package is installed on a system. This includes the following variables:
${MACHINE_ARCH}
, ${MACHINE_GNU_ARCH}
Some packages like emacs and perl embed
information about which architecture they were
built on into the pathnames where they install
their files. To handle this case, PLIST will be
preprocessed before actually used, and the symbol
“${MACHINE_ARCH}
” will
be replaced by what uname -p gives. The same
is done if the string ${MACHINE_GNU_ARCH}
is embedded in
PLIST somewhere - use this on packages that have
GNU autoconf-created configure scripts.
There used to be a symbol “$ARCH
” that was
replaced by the output of uname -m, but that's no
longer supported and has been removed.
${OPSYS}
, ${LOWER_OPSYS}
, ${OS_VERSION}
Some packages want to embed the OS name and
version into some paths. To do this, use these
variables in the PLIST
:
${OPSYS}
-
output of “uname
-s”
${LOWER_OPSYS}
- lowercase
common name (eg. “solaris”)
${OS_VERSION}
- “uname
-r”
${PKGLOCALEDIR}
Packages that install locale files should list
them in the PLIST as “${PKGLOCALEDIR}/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/...”
instead of “share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/...”.
This properly handles the fact that different
operating systems expect locale files to be either
in share
or lib
by default.
For a complete list of values which are replaced by
default, please look in bsd.pkg.mk
(and search for PLIST_SUBST).
If you want to change other variables not listed
above, you can add variables and their expansions to this
variable in the following way, similar to MESSAGE_SUBST
(see Section 8.5,
“Optional files”):
PLIST_SUBST+= SOMEVAR="somevalue"
This replaces all occurrences of “${SOMEVAR}” in the PLIST with “somevalue”.
Man pages should be installed in compressed form if
MANZ
is set (in bsd.own.mk
), and uncompressed
otherwise. To handle this in the PLIST
file, the suffix
“.gz” is
appended/removed automatically for man pages according to
MANZ
and MANCOMPRESSED
being set or not, see
above for details. This modification of the PLIST
file is done on a copy of it, not
PLIST
itself.
To use one or more files as source for the
PLIST
used in generating the
binary package, set the variable PLIST_SRC
to the names of that file(s).
The files are later concatenated using
cat(1), and order of
things is important.
Some packages decide to install a different set of files based on the operating system being used. These differences can be automatically handled by using the following files:
PLIST.common
PLIST.${OPSYS}
PLIST.${MACHINE_ARCH}
PLIST.${OPSYS}-${MACHINE_ARCH}
PLIST.common_end
A “shared directory” is a directory where multiple (and unrelated) packages install files. These directories are problematic because you have to add special tricks in the PLIST to conditionally remove them, or have some centralized package handle them.
Within pkgsrc, you'll find both approaches. If a directory is shared by a few unrelated packages, it's often not worth to add an extra package to remove it. Therefore, one simply does:
@unexec ${RMDIR} %D/path/to/shared/directory 2>/dev/null || ${TRUE}
in the PLISTs of all affected packages, instead of the regular "@dirrm" line.
However, if the directory is shared across many packages, two different solutions are available:
If the packages have a common dependency, the
directory can be removed in that. For example, see
textproc/scrollkeeper
, which
removes the shared directory share/omf
.
If the packages using the directory are not related at all (they have no common dependencies), a *-dirs package is used.
From now on, we'll discuss the second solution. To get an idea of the *-dirs packages available, issue:
%
cd .../pkgsrc%
ls -d */*-dirs
Their use from other packages is very simple. The
USE_DIRS
variable takes a
list of package names (without the “-dirs” part) together with the
required version number (always pick the latest one when
writing new packages).
For example, if a package installs files under
share/applications
, it should
have the following line in it:
USE_DIRS+= xdg-1.1
After regenerating the PLIST using make print-PLIST, you should get the right (commented out) lines.
Note that even if your package is using $X11BASE
, it must not depend on the
*-x11-dirs packages. Just specify the name without that
part and pkgsrc (in particular, mk/dirs.mk
) will take care of it.
Table of Contents
Buildlink is a framework in pkgsrc that controls what headers and libraries are seen by a package's configure and build processes. This is implemented in a two step process:
Symlink headers and libraries for dependencies
into BUILDLINK_DIR
,
which by default is a subdirectory of WRKDIR
.
Create wrapper scripts that are used in place of
the normal compiler tools that translate -I${LOCALBASE}/include
and
-L${LOCALBASE}/lib
into
references to BUILDLINK_DIR
. The wrapper scripts
also make native compiler on some operating systems
look like GCC, so that packages that expect GCC won't
require modifications to build with those native
compilers.
This normalizes the environment in which a package is
built so that the package may be built consistently despite
what other software may be installed. Please note that the
normal system header and library paths, e.g. /usr/include
, /usr/lib
, etc., are always searched --
buildlink3 is designed to insulate the package build from
non-system-supplied software.
The process of converting packages to use the buildlink3 framework (“bl3ifying”) is fairly straightforward. The things to keep in mind are:
Ensure that the build always calls the wrapper
scripts instead of the actual toolchain. Some
packages are tricky, and the only way to know for
sure is the check ${WRKDIR}/.work.log
to see if the
wrappers are being invoked.
Don't override PREFIX
from within the package
Makefile, e.g. Java VMs, standalone shells, etc.,
because the code to symlink files into ${BUILDLINK_DIR}
looks for files
relative to “pkg_info -qp
pkgname
”.
Remember that only the buildlink3.mk
files that you list
in a package's Makefile are added as dependencies
for that package.
If a dependency on a particular package is required for its libraries and headers, then we replace:
DEPENDS+= foo>=1.1.0:../../category/foo
with
.include "../../category/foo/buildlink3.mk"
The buildlink3.mk files usually define the required dependencies. If you need a newer version of the dependency when using buildlink3.mk files, then you can define it in your Makefile; for example:
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.foo+= foo>=1.1.0 .include "../../category/foo/buildlink3.mk"
There are several buildlink3.mk
files in pkgsrc/mk
that handle special package
issues:
bdb.buildlink3.mk
chooses either
the native or a pkgsrc Berkeley DB implementation
based on the values of BDB_ACCEPTED
and BDB_DEFAULT
.
curses.buildlink3.mk
: If the
system comes with neither Curses nor NCurses, this
will take care to install the devel/ncurses
package.
krb5.buildlink3.mk
uses the value
of KRB5_ACCEPTED
to
choose between adding a dependency on Heimdal or
MIT-krb5 for packages that require a Kerberos 5
implementation.
motif.buildlink3.mk
checks for a
system-provided Motif installation or adds a
dependency on x11/lesstif
or x11/openmotif
.
ossaudio.buildlink3.mk
defines
several variables that may be used by packages that
use the Open Sound System (OSS) API.
pgsql.buildlink3.mk
will accept
either Postgres 7.3 or 7.4, whichever is found
installed. See the file for more information.
pthread.buildlink3.mk
uses the
value of PTHREAD_OPTS
and checks for native pthreads or adds a dependency
on devel/pth
as needed.
xaw.buildlink3.mk
uses the value
of XAW_TYPE
to choose
a particular Athena widgets library.
The comments in those buildlink3.mk
files provide a more
complete description of how to use them properly.
A package's buildlink3.mk
file is included by
Makefiles to indicate the need to compile and link
against header files and libraries provided by the
package. A buildlink3.mk
file should always
provide enough information to add the correct type of
dependency relationship and include any other
buildlink3.mk
files that it needs
to find headers and libraries that it needs in turn.
To generate an initial buildlink3.mk
file for further editing,
Rene Hexel's pkgtools/createbuildlink
package is
highly recommended. For most packages, the following
command will generate a good starting point for
buildlink3.mk
files:
%
cd pkgsrc/
category
/pkgdir
%
createbuildlink >buildlink3.mk
The following real-life example buildlink3.mk
is taken from
pkgsrc/graphics/tiff
:
# $NetBSD: buildlink3.mk,v 1.7 2004/03/18 09:12:12 jlam Exp $ BUILDLINK_DEPTH:= ${BUILDLINK_DEPTH}+ TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK:= ${TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK}+ .if !empty(BUILDLINK_DEPTH:M+) BUILDLINK_DEPENDS+= tiff .endif BUILDLINK_PACKAGES:= ${BUILDLINK_PACKAGES:Ntiff} BUILDLINK_PACKAGES+= tiff .if !empty(TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK:M+) BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.tiff+= tiff>=3.6.1 BUILDLINK_PKGSRCDIR.tiff?= ../../graphics/tiff .endif # TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK .include "../../devel/zlib/buildlink3.mk" .include "../../graphics/jpeg/buildlink3.mk" BUILDLINK_DEPTH:= ${BUILDLINK_DEPTH:S/+$//}
The header and footer manipulate BUILDLINK_DEPTH
, which is common
across all buildlink3.mk
files and is used to
track at what depth we are including buildlink3.mk
files.
The first section controls if the dependency on
pkg
is added.
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS
is the
global list of packages for which dependencies are
added by buildlink3.
The second section advises pkgsrc that the
buildlink3.mk
file for
pkg
has been
included at some point. BUILDLINK_PACKAGES
is the global list
of packages for which buildlink3.mk
files have been
included. It must always be appended to within
a buildlink3.mk
file.
The third section is protected from multiple
inclusion and controls how the dependency on pkg
is added. Several
important variables are set in the section:
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.
is the
actual dependency recorded in the installed
package; this should always be set using
+=
to ensure that we're appending to any
pre-existing list of values. This variable should
be set to the first version of the package that
had the last change in the major number of a
shared library or that had a major API
change.pkg
BUILDLINK_PKGSRCDIR.
is the
location of the pkg
pkg
pkgsrc
directory.
BUILDLINK_DEPMETHOD.
(not
shown above) controls whether we use pkg
BUILD_DEPENDS
or DEPENDS
to add the dependency on
pkg
.
The build dependency is selected by setting
BUILDLINK_DEPMETHOD.
to
“build”.
By default, the full dependency is used.pkg
BUILDLINK_INCDIRS.
and
pkg
BUILDLINK_LIBDIRS.
(not shown above) are lists of subdirectories of
pkg
${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.
to
add to the header and library search paths. These
default to “include” and
“lib”
respectively.pkg
}
BUILDLINK_CPPFLAGS.
(not
shown above) is the list of preprocessor flags to
add to pkg
CPPFLAGS
,
which are passed on to the configure and build
phases. The “-I” option should be avoided
and instead be handled using BUILDLINK_INCDIRS.
as
above.pkg
The following variables are all optionally defined
within this second section (protected against multiple
inclusion) and control which package files are
symlinked into ${BUILDLINK_DIR}
and how their names
are transformed during the symlinking:
BUILDLINK_FILES.
(not
shown above) is a shell glob pattern relative to
pkg
${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.
to be
symlinked into pkg
}${BUILDLINK_DIR}
, e.g.
include/*.h
.
BUILDLINK_FILES_CMD.
(not
shown above) is a shell pipeline that outputs to
stdout a list of files relative to pkg
${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.
. The
resulting files are to be symlinked into
pkg
}${BUILDLINK_DIR}
. By default,
this takes the +CONTENTS
of a pkg
and filters
it through ${BUILDLINK_CONTENTS_FILTER.
.pkg
}
BUILDLINK_CONTENTS_FILTER.
(not
shown above) is a filter command that filters
pkg
+CONTENTS
input into a list of
files relative to ${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.
on
stdout. By default for overwrite packages,
pkg
}BUILDLINK_CONTENTS_FILTER.
outputs the contents of the pkg
include
and lib
directories in the package
+CONTENTS
, and for pkgviews
packages, it outputs any libtool archives in
lib
directories.
BUILDLINK_TRANSFORM.
(not
shown above) is a list of sed arguments used to
transform the name of the source filename into a
destination filename, e.g. -e
"s|/curses.h|/ncurses.h|g".pkg
The last section includes any buildlink3.mk
needed for pkg
's library
dependencies. Including these buildlink3.mk
files means that the
headers and libraries for these dependencies are also
symlinked into ${BUILDLINK_DIR}
whenever the
pkg
buildlink3.mk
file is
included.
There are two situations that require increasing the
dependency listed in BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.
after a
package update:pkg
if the sonames (major number of the library version) of any installed shared libraries change.
if the API or interface to the header files change.
In these cases, BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.
should be
adjusted to require at least the new package version.
In some cases, the packages that depend on this new
version may need their pkg
PKGREVISION
s increased and, if they
have buildlink3.mk
files, their
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.
adjusted,
too. This is needed so that binary packages made using
it will require the correct package dependency and not
settle for an older one which will not contain the
necessary shared libraries.pkg
Please take careful consideration before adjusting
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.
as we don't
want to cause unneeded package deletions and rebuilds.
In many cases, new versions of packages work just fine
with older dependencies. See Section 16.1.4,
“Handling dependencies” for more
information about dependencies on other packages,
including the pkg
BUILDLINK_RECOMMENDED
and RECOMMENDED
definitions.
Some packages in pkgsrc install headers and libraries
that coincide with headers and libraries present in the
base system. Aside from a buildlink3.mk
file, these packages
should also include a builtin.mk
file that includes the
necessary checks to decide whether using the built-in
software or the pkgsrc software is appropriate.
The only requirements of a builtin.mk file for
pkg
are:
It should set USE_BUILTIN.
to
either “yes”
or “no”
after it is included.pkg
It should not override any
USE_BUILTIN.
which is
already set before the pkg
builtin.mk
file is included.
It should be written to allow multiple
inclusion. This is very important and takes
careful attention to Makefile
coding.
The following is the recommended template for builtin.mk files:
.if !defined(IS_BUILTIN.foo) # # IS_BUILTIN.foo is set to "yes" or "no" depending on whether "foo" # genuinely exists in the system or not. # IS_BUILTIN.foo?= no # BUILTIN_PKG.foo should be set here if "foo" is built-in and its package # version can be determined. # . if !empty(IS_BUILTIN.foo:M[yY][eE][sS]) BUILTIN_PKG.foo?= foo-1.0 . endif .endif # IS_BUILTIN.foo .if !defined(USE_BUILTIN.foo) USE_BUILTIN.foo?= ${IS_BUILTIN.foo} . if defined(BUILTIN_PKG.foo) . for _depend_ in ${BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.foo} . if !empty(USE_BUILTIN.foo:M[yY][eE][sS]) USE_BUILTIN.foo!= \ if ${PKG_ADMIN} pmatch '${_depend_}' ${BUILTIN_PKG.foo}; then \ ${ECHO} "yes"; \ else \ ${ECHO} "no"; \ fi . endif . endfor . endif .endif # USE_BUILTIN.foo CHECK_BUILTIN.foo?= no .if !empty(CHECK_BUILTIN.foo:M[nN][oO]) # # Here we place code that depends on whether USE_BUILTIN.foo is set to # "yes" or "no". # .endif # CHECK_BUILTIN.foo
The first section sets IS_BUILTIN.
depending on
if pkg
pkg
really
exists in the base system. This should not be a base
system software with similar functionality to
pkg
; it
should only be “yes” if the actual package is
included as part of the base system. This variable is
only used internally within the builtin.mk
file.
The second section sets BUILTIN_PKG.
to the
version of pkg
pkg
in the base system
if it exists (if IS_BUILTIN.
is
“yes”). This
variable is only used internally within the
pkg
builtin.mk
file.
The third section sets USE_BUILTIN.
and is
required in all
pkg
builtin.mk
files. The code in
this section must make the determination whether the
built-in software is adequate to satisfy the
dependencies listed in BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.
. This is
typically done by comparing pkg
BUILTIN_PKG.
against each
of the dependencies in pkg
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.
.
pkg
USE_BUILTIN.
must be set to the correct
value by the end of the pkg
builtin.mk
file. Note that
USE_BUILTIN.
may be
“yes” even if
pkg
IS_BUILTIN.
is
“no” because we
may make the determination that the built-in version of
the software is similar enough to be used as a
replacement.pkg
The last section is guarded by CHECK_BUILTIN.
, and
includes code that uses the value of pkg
USE_BUILTIN.
set in the
previous section. This typically includes, e.g., adding
additional dependency restrictions and listing
additional files to symlink into pkg
${BUILDLINK_DIR}
(via BUILDLINK_FILES.
).pkg
When building packages, it's possible to choose
whether to set a global preference for using either the
built-in (native) version or the pkgsrc version of
software to satisfy a dependency. This is controlled by
setting PREFER_PKGSRC
and
PREFER_NATIVE
. These
variables take values of either “yes”, “no”, or a list of packages.
PREFER_PKGSRC
tells pkgsrc
to use the pkgsrc versions of software, while
PREFER_NATIVE
tells pkgsrc
to use the built-in versions. Preferences are
determined by the most specific instance of the package
in either PREFER_PKGSRC
or
PREFER_NATIVE
. If a
package is specified in neither or in both variables,
then PREFER_PKGSRC
has
precedence over PREFER_NATIVE
. For example, to require
using pkgsrc versions of software for all but the most
basic bits on a NetBSD system, you can set:
PREFER_PKGSRC= yes PREFER_NATIVE= getopt skey tcp_wrappers
A package must have a builtin.mk
file to be listed in
PREFER_NATIVE
, otherwise
it is simply ignored in that list.
Table of Contents
This chapter describes the framework known as
pkginstall
, whose key features
are:
Generic installation and manipulation of
directories and files outside the pkgsrc-handled
tree, LOCALBASE
.
Automatic handling of configuration files during installation, provided that packages are correctly designed.
Generation and installation of system startup scripts.
Registration of system users and groups.
Registration of system shells.
Automatic updating of fonts databases.
The following sections inspect each of the above points in detail.
You may be thinking that many of the things described
here could be easily done with simple code in the package's
post-installation target (post-install
). This is incorrect, as the code
in them is only executed when building from source.
Machines using binary packages could not benefit from it at
all (as the code itself could be unavailable). Therefore,
the only way to achieve any of the items described above is
by means of the installation scripts, which are
automatically generated by pkginstall.
As you already know, the PLIST
file holds a list of files and
directories that belong to a package. The names used in
it are relative to the installation prefix (${PREFIX}
), which means that it cannot
register files outside this directory (absolute path
names are not allowed). Despite this restriction, some
packages need to install files outside this location;
e.g., under ${VARBASE}
or ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}
.
The only way to achieve this is to create such files
during installation time by using the installation
scripts. These scripts can run arbitrary commands, so
they have the potential to create and manage files
anywhere in the file system. Here is where pkginstall
comes into play: it provides generic scripts to abstract
the manipulation of such files and directories based on
variables set in the package's Makefile
. The rest of this section
describes these variables.
The following variables can be set to request the creation of directories anywhere in the file system:
MAKE_DIRS
and
OWN_DIRS
contain a
list of directories that should be created and
should attempt to be destroyed by the
installation scripts. The difference between the
two is that the latter prompts the administrator
to remove any directories that may be left after
deinstallation (because they were not empty),
while the former does not.
MAKE_DIRS_PERMS
and OWN_DIRS_PERMS
contain a list of tuples describing which
directories should be created and should attempt
to be destroyed by the installation scripts. Each
tuple holds the following values, separated by
spaces: the directory name, its owner, its group
and its numerical mode. For example:
MAKE_DIRS_PERMS+= ${VARBASE}/foo/private ${ROOT_USER} ${ROOT_GROUP} 0700
The difference between the two is exactly the
same as their non-PERMS
counterparts.
Creating non-empty files outside the installation
prefix is tricky because the PLIST
forces all files to be inside
it. To overcome this problem, the only solution is to
extract the file in the known place (i.e., inside the
installation prefix) and copy it to the appropriate
location during installation (done by the installation
scripts generated by pkginstall). We will call the
former the master
file in the following paragraphs, which
describe the variables that can be used to
automatically and consistently handle files outside the
installation prefix:
CONF_FILES
and
SUPPORT_FILES
are
pairs of master and target files. During
installation time, the master file is copied to
the target one if and only if the latter does not
exist. Upon deinstallation, the target file is
removed provided that it was not modified by the
installation.
The difference between the two is that the latter prompts the administrator to remove any files that may be left after deinstallation (because they were not empty), while the former does not.
CONF_FILES_PERMS
and SUPPORT_FILES_PERMS
contain
tuples describing master files as well as their
target locations. For each of them, it also
specifies their owner, their group and their
numeric permissions, in this order. For
example:
SUPPORT_FILES_PERMS+= ${PREFIX}/share/somefile ${VARBASE}/somefile ${ROOT_USER} ${ROOT_GROUP} 0700
The difference between the two is exactly the
same as their non-PERMS
counterparts.
Configuration files are special in the sense that they
are installed in their own specific directory,
PKG_SYSCONFDIR
, and need
special treatment during installation (most of which is
automated by pkginstall). The main concept you must bear
in mind is that files marked as configuration files are
automatically copied to the right place (somewhere inside
PKG_SYSCONFDIR
) during
installation if and only
if they didn't exist before. Similarly, they
will not be removed if they have local modifications.
This ensures that administrators never lose any custom
changes they may have made.
As said before, the PKG_SYSCONFDIR
variable specifies
where configuration files shall be installed. Its
contents are set based upon the following
variables:
PKG_SYSCONFBASE
:
The configuration's root directory. Defaults to
${PREFIX}/etc
although it may
be overridden by the user to point to his
preferred location (e.g., /etc
, /etc/pkg
, etc.). Packages must
not use it directly.
PKG_SYSCONFSUBDIR
: A
subdirectory of PKG_SYSCONFBASE
under which the
configuration files for the package being built
shall be installed. The definition of this
variable only makes sense in the package's
Makefile
(i.e., it is not
user-customizable).
As an example, consider the Apache package,
www/apache2
, which places
its configuration files under the httpd/
subdirectory of
PKG_SYSCONFBASE
.
This should be set in the package Makefile.
PKG_SYSCONFVAR
:
Specifies the name of the variable that holds
this package's configuration directory (if
different from PKG_SYSCONFBASE
). It defaults to
PKGBASE
's value, and
is always prefixed with PKG_SYSCONFDIR
.
PKG_SYSCONFDIR.${PKG_SYSCONFVAR}
:
Holds the directory where the configuration files
for the package identified by PKG_SYSCONFVAR
's shall be
placed.
Based on the above variables, pkginstall determines
the value of PKG_SYSCONFDIR
, which is the
only variable
that can be used within a package to refer to its
configuration directory. The algorithm used to set its
value is basically the following:
If PKG_SYSCONFDIR.${PKG_SYSCONFVAR}
is set, its value is used.
If the previous variable is not defined but
PKG_SYSCONFSUBDIR
is
set in the package's Makefile
, the resulting value
is ${PKG_SYSCONFBASE}/${PKG_SYSCONFSUBDIR}
.
Otherwise, it is set to ${PKG_SYSCONFBASE}
.
It is worth mentioning that ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}
is automatically
added to OWN_DIRS
. See Section 12.1.1,
“Directory manipulation” what this
means.
Given that pkgsrc (and users!) expect configuration files to be in a known place, you need to teach each package where it shall install its files. In some cases you will have to patch the package Makefiles to achieve it. If you are lucky, though, it may be as easy as passing an extra flag to the configuration script; this is the case of GNU Autoconf- generated files:
CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --sysconfdir=${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}
Note that this specifies where the package has to look for its configuration files, not where they will be originally installed (although the difference is never explicit, unfortunately).
As said before, pkginstall automatically handles
configuration files. This means that the packages themselves must not touch
the contents of ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}
directly. Bad news is that many
software installation scripts will, out of the box,
mess with the contents of that directory. So what is
the correct procedure to fix this issue?
You must teach the package (usually by manually
patching it) to install any configuration files under
the examples hierarchy, share/examples/${PKGBASE}/
. This way,
the PLIST
registers them and the
administrator always has the original copies
available.
Once the required configuration files are in place
(i.e., under the examples hierarchy), the pkginstall
framework can use them as master copies during the
package installation to update what is in ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}
. To achieve this,
the variables CONF_FILES
and CONF_FILES_PERMS
are
used. Check out Section 12.1.2,
“File manipulation” for information
about their syntax and their purpose. Here is an
example, taken from the mail/mutt
package:
EGDIR= ${PREFIX}/share/doc/mutt/samples CONF_FILES= ${EGDIR}/Muttrc ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}/Muttrc
Note that the EGDIR
variable is specific to that package and has no meaning
outside it.
System startup scripts are special files because they must be installed in a place known by the underlying OS, usually outside the installation prefix. Therefore, the same rules described in Section 12.1, “Files and directories outside the installation prefix” apply, and the same solutions can be used. However, pkginstall provides a special mechanism to handle these files.
In order to provide system startup scripts, the package has to:
Store the script inside ${FILESDIR}
, with the
.sh
suffix appended.
Considering the print/cups
package as an
example, it has a cupsd.sh
in its files
directory.
Tell pkginstall to handle it, appending the name
of the script, without its extension, to the
RCD_SCRIPTS
variable.
Continuing the previous example:
RCD_SCRIPTS+= cupsd
Once this is done, pkginstall will do the following steps for each script in an automated fashion:
Process the file found in the files directory
applying all the substitutions described in the
FILES_SUBST
variable.
Copy the script from the files directory to the
examples hierarchy, ${PREFIX}/share/examples/rc.d/
.
Note that this master file must be explicitly
registered in the PLIST
.
Add code to the installation scripts to copy the startup script from the examples hierarchy into the system-wide startup scripts directory.
The automatic copying of config files can be toggled
by setting the environment variable PKG_RCD_SCRIPTS
prior to package
installation. Note that the scripts will be always
copied inside the examples hierarchy, ${PREFIX}/share/examples/rc.d/
, no
matter what the value of this variable is.
If a package needs to create special users and/or groups during installation, it can do so by using the pkginstall framework.
Users can be created by adding entries to the
PKG_USERS
variable. Each
entry has the following syntax, which mimics /etc/passwd
:
user:group[:[userid][:[descr][:[home][:shell]]]]
Only the user and group are required; everything else
is optional, but the colons must be in the right places
when specifying optional bits. By default, a new user
will have home directory /nonexistent
, and login shell
/sbin/nologin
unless they are
specified as part of the user element. Note that if the
description contains spaces, then spaces should be
backslash-escaped, as in:
foo:foogrp::The\ Foomister
Similarly, groups can be created using the
PKG_GROUPS
variable, whose
syntax is:
group[:groupid]
As before, only the group name is required; the numeric identifier is optional.
Packages that install system shells should register
them in the shell database, /etc/shells
, to make things easier to
the administrator. This must be done from the
installation scripts to keep binary packages working on
any system. pkginstall provides an easy way to accomplish
this task.
When a package provides a shell interpreter, it has to
set the PKG_SHELL
variable
to its absolute file name. This will add some hooks to
the installation scripts to handle it. Consider the
following example, taken from shells/zsh
:
PKG_SHELL= ${PREFIX}/bin/zsh
Packages that install X11 fonts should update the database files that index the fonts within each fonts directory. This can easily be accomplished within the pkginstall framework.
When a package installs X11 fonts, it must list the
directories in which fonts are installed in the
FONTS_DIRS.
variables,
where type
type
can
be one of “ttf”,
“type1” or
“x11”. This will
add hooks to the installation scripts to run the
appropriate commands to update the fonts database files
within each of those directories. For convenience, if the
directory path is relative, it is taken to be relative to
the package's installation prefix. Consider the following
example, taken from fonts/dbz-ttf
:
FONTS_DIRS.ttf= ${PREFIX}/lib/X11/fonts/TTF
Table of Contents
Many packages have the ability to be built to support
different sets of features. bsd.options.mk
is a framework in pkgsrc
that provides generic handling of those options that
determine different ways in which the packages can be
built. It's possible for the user to specify exactly which
sets of options will be built into a package or to allow a
set of global default options apply.
Global default options are listed in PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS
, which is a list of
the options that should be built into every package if
that option is supported. This variable should be set in
/etc/mk.conf
.
The following example shows how bsd.options.mk
should be used by the
hypothetical ``wibble'' package, either in the package
Makefile
, or in a file, e.g.
options.mk
, that is included by
the main package Makefile
.
PKG_OPTIONS_VAR= PKG_OPTIONS.wibble PKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS= wibble-foo ldap PKG_OPTIONS_OPTIONAL_GROUPS= database PKG_OPTIONS_GROUP.database= mysql pgsql PKG_SUGGESTED_OPTIONS= wibble-foo PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_VARS+= WIBBLE_USE_OPENLDAP:ldap PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_OPTS+= foo:wibble-foo .include "../../mk/bsd.prefs.mk" # this package was previously named wibble2 .if defined(PKG_OPTIONS.wibble2) PKG_LEGACY_OPTIONS+= ${PKG_OPTIONS.wibble2} PKG_OPTIONS_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS+= \ "Deprecated variable PKG_OPTIONS.wibble2 used, use "${PKG_OPTIONS_VAR:Q}" instead." .endif .include "../../mk/bsd.options.mk" # Package-specific option-handling ### ### FOO support ### .if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mwibble-foo) CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --enable-foo .endif ### ### LDAP support ### .if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mldap) . include "../../databases/openldap/buildlink3.mk" CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --enable-ldap=${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.openldap} .endif ### ### database support ### .if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mmysql) . include "../../mk/mysql.buildlink3.mk" .endif .if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mpgsql) . include "../../mk/pgsql.buildlink3.mk" .endif
The first section contains the information about which build options are supported by the package, and any default options settings if needed.
PKG_OPTIONS_VAR
is
the name of the
make(1) variable
that the user can set to override the default
options. It should be set to PKG_OPTIONS.pkgbase
. Do not set
it to PKG_OPTIONS.${PKGBASE}, since PKGBASE
is set after PKG_OPTIONS_VAR
is used.
PKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS
is a list of
build options supported by the package.
PKG_OPTIONS_OPTIONAL_GROUPS
is a
list of names of groups of mutually exclusive
options. The options in each group are listed in
PKG_OPTIONS_GROUP.
.
The most specific setting of any option from the
group takes precedence over all other options in
the group. Options from the groups will be
automatically added to groupname
PKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS
.
PKG_OPTIONS_REQUIRED_GROUPS
is
like PKG_OPTIONS_OPTIONAL_GROUPS
, but
building the packages will fail if no option from
the group is selected.
PKG_OPTIONS_NONEMPTY_SETS
is a
list of names of sets of options. At least one
option from each set must be selected. The options
in each set are listed in PKG_OPTIONS_SET.
.
Options from the sets will be automatically added
to setname
PKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS
. Building
the package will fail if no option from the set is
selected.
PKG_SUGGESTED_OPTIONS
is a list of
build options which are enabled by default.
PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_VARS
is a list
of “USE_VARIABLE
:option
”
pairs that map legacy /etc/mk.conf
variables to their
option counterparts. Pairs should be added with
“+=” to keep
the listing of global legacy variables. A warning
will be issued if the user uses a legacy
variable.
PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_OPTS
is a list
of “old-option
:new-option
”
pairs that map options that have been renamed to
their new counterparts. Pairs should be added with
“+=” to keep
the listing of global legacy options. A warning
will be issued if the user uses a legacy
option.
PKG_LEGACY_OPTIONS
is a list of options implied by deprecated
variables used. This can be used for cases that
neither PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_VARS
nor
PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_OPTS
can
handle, e. g. when PKG_OPTIONS_VAR
is renamed.
PKG_OPTIONS_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS
is
a list of warnings about deprecated variables or
options used, and what to use instead.
A package should never modify PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS
or the variable
named in PKG_OPTIONS_VAR
.
These are strictly user-settable. To suggest a default
set of options, use PKG_SUGGESTED_OPTIONS
.
PKG_OPTIONS_VAR
must be
defined before including bsd.options.mk
. If none of PKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS
, PKG_OPTIONS_OPTIONAL_GROUPS
, and
PKG_OPTIONS_REQUIRED_GROUPS
are defined (as can happen with platform-specific options
if none of them is supported on the current platform),
PKG_OPTIONS
is set to the
empty list and the package is otherwise treated as not
using the options framework.
After the inclusion of bsd.options.mk
, the variable
PKG_OPTIONS
contains the
list of selected build options, properly filtered to
remove unsupported and duplicate options.
The remaining sections contain the logic that is
specific to each option. The correct way to check for an
option is to check whether it is listed in PKG_OPTIONS
:
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Moption
)
Options that enable similar features in different packages (like optional support for a library) should use a common name in all packages that support it (like the name of the library). If another package already has an option with the same meaning, use the same name.
Options that enable features specific to one package,
where it's unlikely that another (unrelated) package has
the same (or a similar) optional feature, should use a
name prefixed with
.pkgname
-
If a group of related packages share an optional
feature specific to that group, prefix it with the name
of the “main”
package (e. g. djbware-errno-hack
).
For new options, add a line to mk/defaults/options.description
. Lines
have two fields, separated by tab. The first field is the
option name, the second its description. The description
should be a whole sentence (starting with an uppercase
letter and ending with a period) that describes what
enabling the option does. E. g. “Enable ispell support.” The file is
sorted by option names.
Table of Contents
This chapter gives a detailed description on how a
package is built. Building a package is separated into
different phases
(for example fetch
,
build
, install
), all of which are described in
the following sections. Each phase is splitted into
so-called stages,
which take the name of the containing phase, prefixed by
one of pre-
, do-
or post-
. (Examples are pre-configure
, post-build
.) Most of the actual work is
done in the do-*
stages.
The basic steps for building a program are always the same. First the program's source (distfile) must be brought to the local system and then extracted. After any pkgsrc-specific patches to compile properly are applied, the software can be configured, then built (usually by compiling), and finally the generated binaries, etc. can be put into place on the system.
Before outlining the process performed by the NetBSD package system in the next section, here's a brief discussion on where programs are installed, and which variables influence this.
The automatic variable PREFIX
indicates where all files of the
final program shall be installed. It is usually set to
LOCALBASE
(/usr/pkg
), or CROSSBASE
for pkgs in the
“cross” category.
The value of PREFIX
needs to
be put into the various places in the program's source
where paths to these files are encoded. See Section 8.3,
“patches/*” and Section 16.3.1,
“Shared libraries - libtool” for more
details.
When choosing which of these variables to use, follow the following rules:
PREFIX
always
points to the location where the current pkg will
be installed. When referring to a pkg's own
installation path, use “${PREFIX}”.
LOCALBASE
is where
all non-X11 pkgs are installed. If you need to
construct a -I or -L argument to the compiler to
find includes and libraries installed by another
non-X11 pkg, use “${LOCALBASE}”.
X11BASE
is where
the actual X11 distribution (from xsrc, etc.) is
installed. When looking for standard X11 includes
(not those installed by a pkg), use
“${X11BASE}”.
X11-based packages are special in that they may
be installed in either X11BASE
or LOCALBASE
.
Usually, X11 packages should be installed under
LOCALBASE
whenever
possible. Note that you will need to include
../../mk/x11.buildlink3.mk
in
them to request the presence of X11 and to get the
right compilation flags.
Even though, there are some packages that cannot
be installed under LOCALBASE
: those that come with
app-defaults files. These packages are special and
they must be placed under X11BASE
. To accomplish this, set
either USE_X11BASE
or
USE_IMAKE
in your
package.
Some notes: If you need to find includes or
libraries installed by a pkg that has USE_IMAKE
or USE_X11BASE
in its pkg
Makefile
, you need to look
in both
${X11BASE}
and ${LOCALBASE}
. To force
installation of all X11 packages in LOCALBASE
, the pkgtools/xpkgwedge
package is
enabled by default.
X11PREFIX
should be
used to refer to the installed location of an X11
package. X11PREFIX
will be set to X11BASE
if xpkgwedge is not installed, and to LOCALBASE
if xpkgwedge is
installed.
If xpkgwedge is installed, it is possible to
have some packages installed in X11BASE
and some in LOCALBASE
. To determine the prefix
of an installed package, the EVAL_PREFIX
definition can be
used. It takes pairs in the format
“DIRNAME=<package>”, and
the
make(1) variable
DIRNAME
will be set to
the prefix of the installed package
<package>, or “${X11PREFIX}” if the package
is not installed.
This is best illustrated by example.
The following lines are taken from pkgsrc/wm/scwm/Makefile
:
EVAL_PREFIX+= GTKDIR=gtk+ CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --with-guile-prefix=${LOCALBASE:Q} CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --with-gtk-prefix=${GTKDIR:Q} CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --enable-multibyte
Specific defaults can be defined for the
packages evaluated using EVAL_PREFIX
, by using a definition
of the form:
GTKDIR_DEFAULT= ${LOCALBASE}
where GTKDIR
corresponds to the first definition in the
EVAL_PREFIX
pair.
Within ${PREFIX}
, packages should
install files according to
hier(7), with the
exception that manual pages go into ${PREFIX}/man
, not ${PREFIX}/share/man
.
When building a package, a number of directories is used to store source files, temporary files, pkgsrc-internal files, and so on. These directories are explained here.
Some of the directory variables contain relative
pathnames. There are two common base directories for
these relative directories: PKGSRCDIR/PKGPATH
is used for
directories that are pkgsrc-specific. WRKSRC
is used for directories inside
the package itself.
PKGSRCDIR
This is an absolute pathname that points to the pkgsrc root directory. Generally, you don't need it.
PKGPATH
This is a pathname relative to PKGSRCDIR
that points to the
current package.
WRKDIR
This is an absolute pathname pointing to the directory where all work takes place. The distfiles are extraced to this directory. It also contains temporary directories and log files used by the various pkgsrc frameworks, like buildlink or the wrappers.
WRKSRC
This is an absolute pathname pointing to the
directory where the distfiles are extracted. It is
usually a direct subdirectory of WRKDIR
, and often it's the only
directory entry that isn't hidden. This variable
may be changed by a package Makefile
.
You can run a particular phase by typing
make phase,
where phase is the
name of the phase. This will automatically run all phases
that are required for this phase. The default phase is
build
, that is, when you run
make
without parameters in a package directory, the package
will be built, but not installed.
This will check if the file(s) given in the variables
DISTFILES
and PATCHFILES
(as defined in the package's
Makefile) are present on the local system in /usr/pkgsrc/distfiles
. If they are not
present, an attempt will be made to fetch them using
commands of the form:
${FETCH_CMD} ${FETCH_BEFORE_ARGS} ${site}${file} ${FETCH_AFTER_ARGS}
where ${site} varies through several possibilities in
turn: first, MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE
is tried, then the
sites specified in either SITES_file
if defined, else MASTER_SITES
or PATCH_SITES
, as applies, then finally
the value of MASTER_SITE_BACKUP
. The order of all
except the first can be optionally sorted by the user,
via setting either MASTER_SORT_AWK
or MASTER_SORT_REGEX
.
After the distfile(s) are fetched, their checksum is generated and compared with the checksums stored in the distinfo file. If the checksums don't match, the build is aborted. This is to ensure the same distfile is used for building, and that the distfile wasn't changed, e.g. by some malign force, deliberately changed distfiles on the master distribution site or network lossage.
When the distfiles are present on the local system, they need to be extracted, as they usually come in the form of some compressed archive format.
By default, all DISTFILES
are extracted. If you only need some of them, you can set
the EXTRACT_ONLY
variable to
the list of those files.
Extracting the files is usually done by a little
program, mk/scripts/extract
, which already knows
how to extract various archive formats, so most likely
you will not need to change anything here. But if you
need, the following variables may help you:
EXTRACT_OPTS_{BIN,LHA,PAX,RAR,TAR,ZIP,ZOO}
Use these variables to override the default
options for an extract command, which are defined
in mk/scripts/extract
.
EXTRACT_USING
This variable can be set to pax
, tar
or an absolute pathname
pointing to the command with which tar archives
should be extracted.
If the extract
program doesn't serve your
needs, you can also override the EXTRACT_CMD
variable, which holds the
command used for extracting the files. This command is
executed in the ${WRKSRC}
directory. During execution
of this command, the shell variable extract_file
holds the absolute pathname
of the file that is going to be extracted.
And if that still does not suffice, you can override
the do-extract
target in the
package Makefile.
After extraction, all the patches named by the
PATCHFILES
, those present in
the patches subdirectory of the package as well as in
$LOCALPATCHES/$PKGPATH (e.g. /usr/local/patches/graphics/png
) are
applied. Patchfiles ending in .Z
or .gz
are uncompressed before they are
applied, files ending in .orig
or .rej
are ignored. Any special options
to
patch(1) can be handed
in PATCH_DIST_ARGS
. See
Section 8.3,
“patches/*” for more details.
By default patch(1) is given special args to make it fail if the patches apply with some lines of fuzz. Please fix (regen) the patches so that they apply cleanly. The rationale behind this is that patches that don't apply cleanly may end up being applied in the wrong place, and cause severe harm there.
This is covered in Chapter 15, Tools needed for building or running.
Most pieces of software need information on the header files, system calls, and library routines which are available on the platform they run on. The process of determining this information is known as configuration, and is usually automated. In most cases, a script is supplied with the distfiles, and its invocation results in generation of header files, Makefiles, etc.
If the package contains a configure script, this can
be invoked by setting HAS_CONFIGURE
to “yes”. If the configure script is a
GNU autoconf script, you should set GNU_CONFIGURE
to “yes” instead. What happens in the
configure phase is
roughly:
.for d in ${CONFIGURE_DIRS} cd ${WRKSRC} && cd ${d} && env ${CONFIGURE_ENV} \ ${CONFIGURE_SCRIPT} ${CONFIGURE_ARGS} .endfor
CONFIGURE_DIRS
(default:
“.”) is a list of
pathnames relative to WRKSRC
. In each of these directories,
the configure script is run with the environment
CONFIGURE_ENV
and arguments
CONFIGURE_ARGS
. The
variables CONFIGURE_ENV
,
CONFIGURE_SCRIPT
(default:
“./configure”) and
CONFIGURE_ARGS
may all be
changed by the package.
If the program uses an Imakefile
for configuration, the
appropriate steps can be invoked by setting USE_IMAKE
to “yes”. (If you only want the package
installed in ${X11PREFIX}
but xmkmf not being run, set USE_X11BASE
instead.)
For building a package, a rough equivalent of the following code is executed.
.for d in ${BUILD_DIRS} cd ${WRKSRC} && cd ${d} && env ${MAKE_ENV} \ ${MAKE_PROGRAM} ${BUILD_MAKE_FLAGS} \ -f ${MAKEFILE} ${BUILD_TARGET} .endfor
BUILD_DIRS
(default:
“.”) is a list of
pathnames relative to WRKSRC
. In each of these directories,
MAKE_PROGRAM
is run with the
environment MAKE_ENV
and
arguments BUILD_MAKE_FLAGS
.
The variables MAKE_ENV
,
BUILD_MAKE_FLAGS
,
MAKEFILE
and BUILD_TARGET
may all be changed by the
package.
The default value of MAKE_PROGRAM
is “gmake” if USE_TOOLS
contains “gmake”, “make” otherwise. The default value
of MAKEFILE
is
“Makefile”, and
BUILD_TARGET
defaults to
“all”.
Once the build stage has completed, the final step is to install the software in public directories, so users can access the programs and files.
In the install phase, a rough equivalent of the following code is executed. Additionally, before and after this code, much magic is performed to do consistency checks, registering the package, and so on.
.for d in ${INSTALL_DIRS} cd ${WRKSRC} && cd ${d} && env ${MAKE_ENV} \ ${MAKE_PROGRAM} ${INSTALL_MAKE_FLAGS} \ -f ${MAKEFILE} ${BUILD_TARGET} .endfor
The variable's meanings are analogous to the ones in
the build phase.
INSTALL_DIRS
defaults to
BUILD_DIRS
. INSTALL_TARGET
is “install” by default, plus
“install.man” if
USE_IMAKE
is defined.
In the install
phase, the following variables are useful. They are all
variations of the
install(1) command that
have the owner, group and permissions preset.
INSTALL
is the plain install
command. The specialized variants, together with their
intended use, are:
INSTALL_PROGRAM_DIR
directories that contain binaries
INSTALL_SCRIPT_DIR
directories that contain scripts
INSTALL_LIB_DIR
directories that contain shared and static libraries
INSTALL_DATA_DIR
directories that contain data files
INSTALL_MAN_DIR
directories that contain man pages
INSTALL_PROGRAM
binaries that can be stripped from debugging symbols
INSTALL_SCRIPT
binaries that cannot be stripped
INSTALL_GAME
game binaries
INSTALL_LIB
shared and static libraries
INSTALL_DATA
data files
INSTALL_GAME_DATA
data files for games
INSTALL_MAN
man pages
Some other variables are:
INSTALLATION_DIRS
A list of directories relative to PREFIX
that are created by pkgsrc
at the beginning of the install phase. If this
variable is set, NO_MTREE
=“yes” is assumed, which means
that the package claims to create all needed
directories itself before installing files to it.
Therefore this variable should only be set in
Makefile
s that are under control
of the package's author.
For any of the main targets described in the previous section, two auxiliary targets exist with “pre-” and “post-” used as a prefix for the main target's name. These targets are invoked before and after the main target is called, allowing extra configuration or installation steps be performed from a package's Makefile, for example, which a program's configure script or install target omitted.
Should one of the main targets do the wrong thing, and should there be no variable to fix this, you can redefine it with the do-* target. (Note that redefining the target itself instead of the do-* target is a bad idea, as the pre-* and post-* targets won't be called anymore, etc.) You will not usually need to do this.
If you did a make install and you noticed some file was not installed properly, you can repeat the installation with this target, which will ignore the “already installed” flag.
This target does a pkg_delete(1) in the current directory, effectively de-installing the package. The following variables can be used to tune the behaviour:
PKG_VERBOSE
Add a "-v" to the pkg_delete(1) command.
DEINSTALLDEPENDS
Remove all packages that require (depend
on) the given package. This can be used to
remove any packages that may have been pulled
in by a given package, e.g. if
make deinstall
DEINSTALLDEPENDS=1 is done in
pkgsrc/x11/kde
, this
is likely to remove whole KDE. Works by
adding “-R” to the
pkg_delete(1)
command line.
This target causes the current package to be
updated to the latest version. The package and all
depending packages first get de-installed, then
current versions of the corresponding packages get
compiled and installed. This is similar to manually
noting which packages are currently installed, then
performing a series of make deinstall and
make
install (or whatever UPDATE_TARGET
is set to) for these
packages.
You can use the “update” target to resume
package updating in case a previous
make
update was interrupted for some
reason. However, in this case, make sure you don't
call make
clean or otherwise remove the list
of dependent packages in WRKDIR
. Otherwise, you lose the
ability to automatically update the current package
along with the dependent packages you have
installed.
Resuming an interrupted make update will only work as long as the package tree remains unchanged. If the source code for one of the packages to be updated has been changed, resuming make update will most certainly fail!
The following variables can be used either on
the command line or in /etc/mk.conf
to alter the
behaviour of make
update:
UPDATE_TARGET
Install target to recursively use for the
updated package and the dependent packages.
Defaults to DEPENDS_TARGET
if set,
“install” otherwise for
make
update. e.g.
make update
UPDATE_TARGET=package
NOCLEAN
Don't clean up after updating. Useful if you want to leave the work sources of the updated packages around for inspection or other purposes. Be sure you eventually clean up the source tree (see the “clean-update” target below) or you may run into troubles with old source code still lying around on your next make or make update.
REINSTALL
Deinstall each package before installing
(making DEPENDS_TARGET
). This may be
necessary if the “clean-update” target
(see below) was called after interrupting a
running make
update.
DEPENDS_TARGET
Allows you to disable recursion and
hardcode the target for packages. The default
is “update” for the update
target, facilitating a recursive update of
prerequisite packages. Only set DEPENDS_TARGET
if you want
to disable recursive updates. Use
UPDATE_TARGET
instead to just set a specific target for
each package to be installed during
make
update (see above).
Clean the source tree for all packages that
would get updated if make update was called
from the current directory. This target should not
be used if the current package (or any of its
depending packages) have already been de-installed
(e.g., after calling make update) or you may
lose some packages you intended to update. As a
rule of thumb: only use this target before the first time
you run make
update and only if you have a dirty
package tree (e.g., if you used NOCLEAN
).
If you are unsure about whether your tree is clean, you can either perform a make clean at the top of the tree, or use the following sequence of commands from the directory of the package you want to update (before running make update for the first time, otherwise you lose all the packages you wanted to update!):
#
make clean-update
#
make clean CLEANDEPENDS=YES
#
make update
The following variables can be used either on
the command line or in /etc/mk.conf
to alter the
behaviour of make
clean-update:
CLEAR_DIRLIST
After make
clean, do not reconstruct the
list of directories to update for this
package. Only use this if
make
update successfully installed
all packages you wanted to update. Normally,
this is done automatically on
make
update, but may have been
suppressed by the NOCLEAN
variable (see
above).
This target invokes pkg_info(1) for the current package. You can use this to check which version of a package is installed.
This target generates a README.html
file, which can be
viewed using a browser such as www/mozilla
or www/links
. The generated
files contain references to any packages which are
in the PACKAGES
directory on the local host. The generated files
can be made to refer to URLs based on FTP_PKG_URL_HOST
and FTP_PKG_URL_DIR
. For example, if I
wanted to generate README.html
files which pointed
to binary packages on the local machine, in the
directory /usr/packages
, set FTP_PKG_URL_HOST=file://localhost
and FTP_PKG_URL_DIR=/usr/packages
. The
${PACKAGES}
directory
and its subdirectories will be searched for all the
binary packages.
Use this target to create a file README-all.html
which contains a
list of all packages currently available in the
NetBSD Packages Collection, together with the
category they belong to and a short description.
This file is compiled from the pkgsrc/*/README.html
files, so be
sure to run this after a
make
readme.
This is very much the same as the
“readme”
target (see above), but is to be used when
generating a pkgsrc tree to be written to a CD-ROM.
This target also produces README.html
files, and can be
made to refer to URLs based on CDROM_PKG_URL_HOST
and
CDROM_PKG_URL_DIR
.
This target shows which distfiles and patchfiles
are needed to build the package. (DISTFILES
and PATCHFILES
, but not patches/*
)
This target shows nothing if the package is not installed. If a version of this package is installed, but is not the version provided in this version of pkgsrc, then a warning message is displayed. This target can be used to show which of your installed packages are downlevel, and so the old versions can be deleted, and the current ones added.
This target shows the directory in the pkgsrc hierarchy from which the package can be built and installed. This may not be the same directory as the one from which the package was installed. This target is intended to be used by people who may wish to upgrade many packages on a single host, and can be invoked from the top-level pkgsrc Makefile by using the “show-host-specific-pkgs” target.
This target shows which installed packages match
the current package's DEPENDS
. Useful if out of date
dependencies are causing build problems.
After a package is installed, check all its
binaries and (on ELF platforms) shared libraries to
see if they find the shared libs they need. Run by
default if PKG_DEVELOPER
is set in
/etc/mk.conf
.
After a “make
install” from a new or upgraded pkg,
this prints out an attempt to generate a new
PLIST
from a find -newer
work/.extract_done. An attempt is
made to care for shared libs etc., but it is
strongly
recommended to review the result before putting it
into PLIST
. On upgrades, it's useful
to diff the output of this command against an
already existing PLIST
file.
If the package installs files via
tar(1) or other
methods that don't update file access times, be
sure to add these files manually to your
PLIST
, as the “find -newer” command used by
this target won't catch them!
See Section 10.3, “Tweaking output of make print-PLIST” for more information on this target.
Used to do bulk builds. If an appropriate binary
package already exists, no action is taken. If not,
this target will compile, install and package it
(and its depends, if PKG_DEPENDS
is set properly. See
Section 6.3.1,
“Configuration”). After creating
the binary package, the sources, the just-installed
package and its required packages are removed,
preserving free disk space.
Beware that this target may deinstall all packages installed on a system!
Used during bulk-installs to install required packages. If an up-to-date binary package is available, it will be installed via pkg_add(1). If not, make bulk-package will be executed, but the installed binary won't be removed.
A binary package is considered “up-to-date” to be installed via pkg_add(1) if:
None of the package's files (Makefile
, ...) were
modified since it was built.
None of the package's required (binary) packages were modified since it was built.
Beware that this target may deinstall all packages installed on a system!
Table of Contents
The USE_TOOLS
definition is
used both internally by pkgsrc and also for individual
packages to define what commands are needed for building a
package (like BUILD_DEPENDS
)
or for later run-time of an installed packaged (such as
DEPENDS
). If the native system
provides an adequate tool, then in many cases, a pkgsrc
package will not be used.
When building a package, the replacement tools are made available in a directory (as symlinks or wrapper scripts) that is early in the executable search path. Just like the buildlink system, this helps with consistent builds.
A tool may be needed to help build a specific package. For example, perl, GNU make (gmake) or yacc may be needed.
Also a tool may be needed, for example, because the native system's supplied tool may be inefficient for building a package with pkgsrc. For example, a package may need GNU awk, bison (instead of yacc) or a better sed.
The tools used by a package can be listed by running make show-tools.
The default set of tools used by pkgsrc is defined in
bsd.pkg.mk
. This includes
standard Unix tools, such as: cat, awk, chmod, test, and so on. These can be
seen by running: make
show-var VARNAME=USE_TOOLS.
If a package needs a specific program to build then
the USE_TOOLS
variable can
be used to define the tools needed.
In the following examples, the :pkgsrc means to use the pkgsrc version and not the native version for a build dependency. And the :run means that it is used for a run-time dependencies also (and becomes a DEPENDS). The default is a build dependency which can be set with :build. (So in this example, it is the same as gmake:build and pkg-config:build.)
USE_TOOLS+= mktemp:pkgsrc USE_TOOLS+= gmake perl:run pkg-config
When using the tools framework, a TOOLS_PATH.foo
variable is defined which
contains the full path to the appropriate tool. For
example, TOOLS_PATH.bash
could be “/bin/bash” on Linux systems.
If you always need a pkgsrc version of the tool at
run-time, then just use DEPENDS
instead.
When improving or porting pkgsrc to a new platform,
have a look at (or create) the corresponding platform
specific make file fragment under pkgsrc/mk/tools/tools.${OPSYS}.mk
which
defines the name of the common tools. For example:
.if exists(/usr/bin/bzcat) TOOLS_PLATFORM.bzcat?= /usr/bin/bzcat .elif exists(/usr/bin/bzip2) TOOLS_PLATFORM.bzcat?= /usr/bin/bzip2 -cd .endif TOOLS_PLATFORM.true?= true # shell builtin
Table of Contents
The problem with package-defined variables that can
be overridden via MAKECONF
or /etc/mk.conf
is that
make(1) expands a
variable as it is used, but evaluates preprocessor-like
statements (.if, .ifdef and .ifndef) as they are read.
So, to use any variable (which may be set in
/etc/mk.conf
) in one of the
.if* statements, the file /etc/mk.conf
must be included before
that .if* statement.
Rather than having a number of ad-hoc ways of
including /etc/mk.conf
, should it exist, or
MAKECONF
, should it exist,
include the pkgsrc/mk/bsd.prefs.mk
file in the
package Makefile before any preprocessor-like .if,
.ifdef, or .ifndef statements:
.include "../../mk/bsd.prefs.mk" .if defined(USE_MENUS) # ... .endif
If you wish to set the CFLAGS
variable in /etc/mk.conf
, please make sure to
use:
CFLAGS+= -your -flags
Using CFLAGS=
(i.e.
without the “+”)
may lead to problems with packages that need to add
their own flags. Also, you may want to take a look at
the devel/cpuflags
package if you're
interested in optimization for the current CPU.
Documentation should be installed into ${PREFIX}/share/doc/${PKGBASE}
or
${PREFIX}/share/doc/${PKGNAME}
(the latter includes the version number of the
package).
Some licenses restrict how software may be re-distributed. In order to satisfy these restrictions, the package system defines five make variables that can be set to note these restrictions:
RESTRICTED
This variable should be set whenever a restriction exists (regardless of its kind). Set this variable to a string containing the reason for the restriction.
NO_BIN_ON_CDROM
Binaries may not be placed on CD-ROM. Set this
variable to ${RESTRICTED}
whenever a binary
package may not be included on a CD-ROM.
NO_BIN_ON_FTP
Binaries may not be placed on an FTP server.
Set this variable to ${RESTRICTED}
whenever a binary
package may not not be made available on the
Internet.
NO_SRC_ON_CDROM
Distfiles may not be placed on CD-ROM. Set
this variable to ${RESTRICTED}
if re-distribution
of the source code or other distfile(s) is not
allowed on CD-ROMs.
NO_SRC_ON_FTP
Distfiles may not be placed on FTP. Set this
variable to ${RESTRICTED}
if re-distribution
of the source code or other distfile(s) via the
Internet is not allowed.
Please note that the use of NO_PACKAGE
, IGNORE
, NO_CDROM
, or other generic make
variables to denote restrictions is deprecated, because
they unconditionally prevent users from generating
binary packages!
Your package may depend on some other package being
present - and there are various ways of expressing this
dependency. pkgsrc supports the BUILD_DEPENDS
and DEPENDS
definitions, the USE_TOOLS
definition, as well as
dependencies via buildlink3.mk
, which is the preferred
way to handle dependencies, and which uses the
variables named above. See Chapter 11,
Buildlink methodology for more
information.
The basic difference between the two variables is as
follows: The DEPENDS
definition registers that pre-requisite in the binary
package so it will be pulled in when the binary package
is later installed, whilst the BUILD_DEPENDS
definition does not,
marking a dependency that is only needed for building
the package.
This means that if you only need a package present
whilst you are building, it should be noted as a
BUILD_DEPENDS
.
The format for a BUILD_DEPENDS
and a DEPENDS
definition is:
<pre-req-package-name>:../../<category>/<pre-req-package>
Please note that the “pre-req-package-name” may include any of the wildcard version numbers recognized by pkg_info(1).
If your package needs another package's
binaries or libraries to build or run, and if
that package has a buildlink3.mk
file available,
use it:
.include "../../graphics/jpeg/buildlink3.mk"
If your package needs to use another package
to build itself and there is no buildlink3.mk
file available,
use the BUILD_DEPENDS
definition:
BUILD_DEPENDS+= autoconf-2.13:../../devel/autoconf
If your package needs a library with which to
link and again there is no buildlink3.mk
file available,
this is specified using the DEPENDS
definition. An example
of this is the print/lyx
package, which
uses the xpm library, version 3.4j to build:
DEPENDS+= xpm-3.4j:../../graphics/xpm
You can also use wildcards in package dependences:
DEPENDS+= xpm-[0-9]*:../../graphics/xpm
Note that such wildcard dependencies are retained when creating binary packages. The dependency is checked when installing the binary package and any package which matches the pattern will be used. Wildcard dependencies should be used with care.
The “-[0-9]*” should be used
instead of “-*” to avoid potentially
ambiguous matches such as “tk-postgresql” matching a
“tk-*”
DEPENDS
.
Wildcards can also be used to specify that a package will only build against a certain minimum version of a pre-requisite:
DEPENDS+= tiff>=3.5.4:../../graphics/tiff
This means that the package will build against version 3.5.4 of the tiff library or newer. Such a dependency may be warranted if, for example, the API of the library has changed with version 3.5.4 and a package would not compile against an earlier version of tiff.
Please note that such dependencies should only
be updated if a package requires a newer
pre-requisite, but not to denote recommendations
such as security updates or ABI changes that do
not prevent a package from building correctly.
Such recommendations can be expressed using
RECOMMENDED
:
RECOMMENDED+= tiff>=3.6.1:../../graphics/tiff
In addition to the above DEPENDS
line, this denotes that
while a package will build against
tiff>=3.5.4, at least version 3.6.1 is
recommended. RECOMMENDED
entries will be
turned into dependencies unless explicitly
ignored (in which case a warning will be
printed).
To ignore these dependency recommendations and
just use the required DEPENDS
, set IGNORE_RECOMMENDED=YES
. This may
make it easier and faster to update packages
built using pkgsrc, since older compatible
dependencies can continue to be used. This is
useful for people who watch their rebuilds very
carefully; it is not very good as a
general-purpose hammer. If you use it, you need
to be mindful of possible ABI changes, including
those from the underlying OS.
Packages that are built with recommendations ignored may not be uploaded to ftp.NetBSD.org by developers and should not be used across different systems that may have different versions of binary packages installed.
For security fixes, please update the package
vulnerabilities file as well as setting
RECOMMENDED
, see
Section 16.1.8, “Handling packages
with security problems” for more
information.
If your package needs some executable to be
able to run correctly and if there's no
buildlink3.mk
file, this is
specified using the DEPENDS
variable. The print/lyx
package needs to
be able to execute the latex binary from the
teTeX package when it runs, and that is
specified:
DEPENDS+= teTeX-[0-9]*:../../print/teTeX
The comment about wildcard dependencies from previous paragraph applies here, too.
If your package needs files from another package to
build, see the first part of the “do-configure” target print/ghostscript5
package (it
relies on the jpeg sources being present in source form
during the build):
if [ ! -e ${_PKGSRCDIR}/graphics/jpeg/${WRKDIR:T}/jpeg-6b ]; then \ cd ${_PKGSRCDIR}/../../graphics/jpeg && ${MAKE} extract; \ fi
If you build any other packages that way, please make sure the working files are deleted too when this package's working files are cleaned up. The easiest way to do so is by adding a pre-clean target:
pre-clean: cd ${_PKGSRCDIR}/../../graphics/jpeg && ${MAKE} clean
Please also note the BUILD_USES_MSGFMT
and BUILD_USES_GETTEXT_M4
definitions,
which are provided as convenience definitions. The
former works out whether
msgfmt(1) is part of
the base system, and, if it isn't, installs the
devel/gettext
package. The latter
adds a build dependency on either an installed version
of an older gettext package, or if it isn't, installs
the devel/gettext-m4
package.
Your package may conflict with other packages a user might already have installed on his system, e.g. if your package installs the same set of files like another package in our pkgsrc tree.
In this case you can set CONFLICTS
to a space-separated list of
packages (including version string) your package
conflicts with.
For example, x11/Xaw3d
and x11/Xaw-Xpm
install the same
shared library, thus you set in pkgsrc/x11/Xaw3d/Makefile
:
CONFLICTS= Xaw-Xpm-[0-9]*
and in pkgsrc/x11/Xaw-Xpm/Makefile
:
CONFLICTS= Xaw3d-[0-9]*
Packages will automatically conflict with other packages with the name prefix and a different version string. “Xaw3d-1.5” e.g. will automatically conflict with the older version “Xaw3d-1.3”.
There are several reasons why a package might be
instructed to not build under certain circumstances. If
the package builds and runs on most platforms, the
exceptions should be noted with NOT_FOR_PLATFORM
. If the package
builds and runs on a small handful of platforms, set
ONLY_FOR_PLATFORM
instead.
Both ONLY_FOR_PLATFORM
and
NOT_FOR_PLATFORM
are OS
triples (OS-version-platform) that can use glob-style
wildcards.
If the package should be skipped (for example,
because it provides functionality already provided by
the system), set PKG_SKIP_REASON
to a descriptive
message. If the package should fail because some
preconditions are not met, set PKG_FAIL_REASON
to a descriptive
message.
To ensure that a package may not be deleted, once it
has been installed, the PKG_PRESERVE
definition should be set
in the package Makefile. This will be carried into any
binary package that is made from this pkgsrc entry. A
“preserved”
package will not be deleted using
pkg_delete(1) unless
the “-f” option
is used.
When a vulnerability is found, this should be noted
in localsrc/security/advisories/pkg-vulnerabilities
,
and after committing that file, use
make
upload in the same directory to update
the file on ftp.NetBSD.org.
After fixing the vulnerability by a patch, its
PKGREVISION
should be
increased (this is of course not necessary if the
problem is fixed by using a newer release of the
software). In addition, if a buildlink3.mk
file exists for an
affected package, a corresponding BUILDLINK_RECOMMENDED.
entry should
be added or updated in it.pkg
Also, if the fix should be applied to the stable pkgsrc branch, be sure to submit a pullup request!
Binary packages already on ftp.NetBSD.org will be handled semi-automatically by a weekly cron job.
Some source files trigger bugs in the compiler, based on combinations of compiler version and architecture and almost always relation to optimisation being enabled. Common symptoms are gcc internal errors or never finishing compiling a file.
Typically, a workaround involves testing the
MACHINE_ARCH
and compiler
version, disabling optimisation for that
file/MACHINE_ARCH
/compiler
combination, and documenting it in pkgsrc/doc/HACKS
. See that file for a
number of examples!
When making fixes to an existing package it can be
useful to change the version number in PKGNAME
. To avoid conflicting with
future versions by the original author, a
“nb1”,
“nb2”, ...
suffix can be used on package versions by setting
PKGREVISION=1
(2, ...).
The “nb” is
treated like a “.” by the pkg tools. e.g.
DISTNAME= foo-17.42 PKGREVISION= 9
will result in a PKGNAME
of “foo-17.42nb9”.
When a new release of the package is released, the
PKGREVISION
should be
removed, e.g. on a new minor release of the above
package, things should be like:
DISTNAME= foo-17.43
One appealing feature of pkgsrc is that it runs on many different platforms. As a result, it is important to ensure, where possible, that packages in pkgsrc are portable. There are some particular details you should pay attention to while working on pkgsrc.
If you need to download from a dynamic URL you can
set DYNAMIC_MASTER_SITES
and a make
fetch will call files/getsite.sh
with the name of
each file to download as an argument, expecting it to
output the URL of the directory from which to download
it. graphics/ns-cult3d
is an example
of this usage.
If the download can't be automated, because the user
must submit personal information to apply for a
password, or must pay for the source, or whatever, you
can set _FETCH_MESSAGE
to
a macro which displays a message explaining the
situation. _FETCH_MESSAGE
must be executable shell commands, not just a message.
(Generally, it executes ${ECHO}
). As of this writing, the
following packages use this: cad/simian
, devel/ipv6socket
, emulators/vmware-module
,
fonts/acroread-jpnfont
, multimedia/realplayer
, sysutils/storage-manager
,
www/ap-aolserver
, www/openacs
. Try to be consistent
with them.
Sometimes authors of a software package make some
modifications after the software was released, and they
put up a new distfile without changing the package's
version number. If a package is already in pkgsrc at
that time, the checksum will no longer match. The
contents of the new distfile should be compared against
the old one before changing anything, to make sure the
distfile was really updated on purpose, and that no
trojan horse or so crept in. Then, the correct way to
work around this is to set DIST_SUBDIR
to a unique directory
name, usually based on PKGNAME_NOREV
. In case this happens
more often, PKGNAME
can be
used (thus including the nbX
suffix) or a date stamp can be
appended, like ${PKGNAME_NOREV}-YYYYMMDD
. Do not
forget regenerating the distinfo
file after that, since it
contains the DIST_SUBDIR
path in the filenames. Furthermore, a mail to the
package's authors seems appropriate telling them that
changing distfiles after releases without changing the
file names is not good practice.
pkgsrc supports many different machines, with
different object formats like a.out and ELF, and
varying abilities to do shared library and dynamic
loading at all. To accompany this, varying commands and
options have to be passed to the compiler, linker, etc.
to get the Right Thing, which can be pretty annoying
especially if you don't have all the machines at your
hand to test things. The devel/libtool
pkg can help here,
as it just “knows” how to build both static
and dynamic libraries from a set of source files, thus
being platform-independent.
Here's how to use libtool in a pkg in seven simple steps:
Add USE_LIBTOOL=yes
to the package
Makefile.
For library objects, use “${LIBTOOL} --mode=compile
${CC}” in place of
“${CC}”.
You could even add it to the definition of
CC
, if only
libraries are being built in a given Makefile.
This one command will build both PIC and non-PIC
library objects, so you need not have separate
shared and non-shared library rules.
For the linking of the library, remove any “ar”, “ranlib”, and “ld -Bshareable” commands, and instead use:
${LIBTOOL} --mode=link ${CC} -o ${.TARGET:.a=.la} ${OBJS:.o=.lo} \ -rpath ${PREFIX}/lib -version-info major:minor
Note that the library is changed to have a
.la
extension, and the objects
are changed to have a .lo
extension. Change
OBJS
as necessary.
This automatically creates all of the
.a
, .so.major.minor
, and ELF
symlinks (if necessary) in the build directory.
Be sure to include “-version-info”, especially
when major and minor are zero, as libtool will
otherwise strip off the shared library
version.
From the libtool manual:
So, libtool library versions are described by three integers: CURRENT The most recent interface number that this library implements. REVISION The implementation number of the CURRENT interface. AGE The difference between the newest and oldest interfaces that this library implements. In other words, the library implements all the interface numbers in the range from number `CURRENT - AGE' to `CURRENT'. If two libraries have identical CURRENT and AGE numbers, then the dynamic linker chooses the library with the greater REVISION number.
The “-release” option will produce different results for a.out and ELF (excluding symlinks) in only one case. An ELF library of the form “libfoo-release.so.x.y” will have a symlink of “libfoo.so.x.y” on an a.out platform. This is handled automatically.
The “-rpath argument” is the install directory of the library being built.
In the PLIST
, include only the
.la
file, the other files will
be added automatically.
When linking shared object (.so
) files, i.e. files that are
loaded via
dlopen(3), NOT
shared libraries, use “-module -avoid-version” to
prevent them getting version tacked on.
The PLIST
file gets the
foo.so
entry.
When linking programs that depend on these
libraries before they are
installed, preface the
cc(1) or
ld(1) line with
“${LIBTOOL}
--mode=link”, and it will find the
correct libraries (static or shared), but please
be aware that libtool will not allow you to
specify a relative path in -L (such as
“-L../somelib”), because it
expects you to change that argument to be the
.la
file. e.g.
${LIBTOOL} --mode=link ${CC} -o someprog -L../somelib -lsomelib
should be changed to:
${LIBTOOL} --mode=link ${CC} -osomeprog
../somelib/somelib.la
and it will do the right thing with the libraries.
When installing libraries, preface the
install(1) or
cp(1) command
with “${LIBTOOL}
--mode=install”, and change the
library name to .la
. e.g.
${LIBTOOL} --mode=install ${BSD_INSTALL_DATA} ${SOMELIB:.a=.la} ${PREFIX}/lib
This will install the static .a
, shared library, any needed
symlinks, and run
ldconfig(8).
In your PLIST
, include only the
.la
file (this is a change from
previous behaviour).
Add USE_LIBTOOL=yes
to
the package Makefile. This will override the package's
own libtool in most cases. For older libtool using
packages, libtool is made by ltconfig script during the
do-configure step; you can check the libtool script
location by doing make
configure; find work*/ -name
libtool.
LIBTOOL_OVERRIDE
specifies which libtool scripts, relative to
WRKSRC
, to override. By
default, it is set to “libtool */libtool */*/libtool”. If
this does not match the location of the package's
libtool script(s), set it as appropriate.
If you do not need *.a
static libraries built and
installed, then use SHLIBTOOL_OVERRIDE
instead.
If your package makes use of the platform-independent library for loading dynamic shared objects, that comes with libtool (libltdl), you should include devel/libltdl/buildlink3.mk.
Some packages use libtool incorrectly so that the package may not work or build in some circumstances. Some of the more common errors are:
The inclusion of a shared object (-module) as a dependent library in an executable or library. This in itself isn't a problem if one of two things has been done:
The shared object is named correctly,
i.e. libfoo.la
, not
foo.la
The -dlopen option is used when linking an executable.
The use of libltdl without the correct calls
to initialisation routines. The function
lt_dlinit() should be called and the macro
LTDL_SET_PRELOADED_SYMBOLS
included in executables.
If a package needs GNU autoconf or automake to be executed to regenerate the configure script and Makefile.in makefile templates, then they should be executed in a pre-configure target.
For packages that need only autoconf:
AUTOCONF_REQD= 2.50 # if default version is not good enough USE_TOOLS+= autoconf # use "autoconf213" for autoconf-2.13 ... pre-configure: cd ${WRKSRC}; autoconf ...
and for packages that need automake and autoconf:
AUTOMAKE_REQD= 1.7.1 # if default version is not good enough USE_TOOLS+= automake # use "automake14" for automake-1.4 ... pre-configure: cd ${WRKSRC}; \ aclocal; autoheader; \ automake -a --foreign -i; autoconf ...
Packages which use GNU Automake will almost certainly require GNU Make.
There are times when the configure process makes
additional changes to the generated files, which then
causes the build process to try to re-execute the
automake sequence. This is prevented by touching
various files in the configure stage. If this causes
problems with your package you can set AUTOMAKE_OVERRIDE=NO
in the package
Makefile.
Sometimes you need to compile different code
depending on the target platform. The C preprocessor
has a set of predefined macros that can be queried by
using #ifdef FOO
or
#if defined(FOO)
. Among
these macros are usually ones that describe the target
CPU and operating system. Depending of which of the
macros are defined, you can write code that uses
features unique to a specific platform. Generally you
should rather use the GNU autotools (automake,
autoconf, etc.) to check for specific features (like
the existence of a header file, a function or a
library), but sometimes this is not possible or
desired.
In that case you can use the predefined macros below
to configure your code to the platform it runs on.
Almost every operating system, hardware architecture
and compiler has its own macro. For example, if the
macros __GNUC__
,
__i386__
and __NetBSD__
are all defined, you know
that you are using NetBSD on an i386 compatible CPU,
and your compiler is GCC.
To distinguish between 4.4 BSD-derived systems and the rest of the world, you should use the following code.
#include <sys/param.h> #if (defined(BSD) && BSD >= 199306) /* BSD-specific code goes here */ #else /* non-BSD-specific code goes here */ #endif
If this distinction is not fine enough, you can also use the following defines.
FreeBSD __FreeBSD__ DragonFly __DragonFly__ Interix __INTERIX Linux linux, __linux, __linux__ NetBSD __NetBSD__ OpenBSD __OpenBSD__ Solaris sun, __sun
The list of the CPP identification macros for
hardware and operating system may depend on the
compiler that is used. The following list contains some
examples that may help you to choose the right ones.
For example, if you want to conditionally compile code
on Solaris, don't use __sun__
, as the SunPro compiler does
not define it. Use __sun
instead.
__ELF__, __gnu_linux__, __i386, __i386__, __linux, __linux__, __unix, __unix__, i386, linux, unix.
__ELF__, __NetBSD__, __i386, __i386__, i386.
__ELF__, __NetBSD__, __i386, __i386__, i386.
__ELF__, __sparc, __sparc__, __sun, __sun__, __SVR4, __svr4__, __unix, __unix__, sparc, sun, unix.
__SVR4, __sparc, __sun, __unix, sparc, sun, unix.
If your system uses the GNU C Compiler, you can get a list of symbols that are defined by default, e.g. to identify the platform, with the following command:
gcc -E -dM - < /dev/null
On other systems you may get the list by using the system's syscall trace utility (ktrace, truss, strace) to have a look which arguments are passed to the actual compiler.
Occasionally, packages require interaction from the user, and this can be in a number of ways:
help in fetching the distfiles
help to configure the package before it is built
help during the build process
help during the installation of a package
The INTERACTIVE_STAGE
definition is provided to notify the pkgsrc mechanism
of an interactive stage which will be needed, and this
should be set in the package's Makefile
, e.g.:
INTERACTIVE_STAGE= build
Multiple interactive stages can be specified:
INTERACTIVE_STAGE= configure install
A package may be covered by a license which the user has or has not agreed to accept. For these cases, pkgsrc contains a mechanism to note that a package is covered by a particular license, and the package cannot be built unless the user has accepted the license. (Installation of binary packages are not currently subject to this mechanism.) Packages with licenses that are either Open Source according to the Open Source Initiative or Free according to the Free Software Foundation will not be marked with a license tag. Packages with licenses that have not been determined to meet either definition will be marked with a license tag referring to the license. This will prevent building unless pkgsrc is informed that the license is acceptable, and enables displaying the license.
The license tag mechanism is intended to address
copyright-related issues surrounding building,
installing and using a package, and not to address
redistribution issues (see RESTRICTED
and NO_SRC_ON_FTP
, etc.). However, the
above definition of licenses for which tags are not
needed implies that packages with redistribution
restrictions should have tags.
Denoting that a package is covered by a particular
license is done by placing the license in pkgsrc/licenses
and setting the
LICENSE
variable to a
string identifying the license, e.g. in graphics/xv
:
LICENSE= xv-license
When trying to build, the user will get a notice that the package is covered by a license which has not been accepted:
%
make
===> xv-3.10anb9 has an unacceptable license: xv-license. ===> To view the license, enter "/usr/bin/make show-license". ===> To indicate acceptance, add this line to your /etc/mk.conf: ===> ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES+=xv-license *** Error code 1
The license can be viewed with make show-license, and if it
is considered appropriate, the line printed above can
be added to /etc/mk.conf
to indicate acceptance
of the particular license:
ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES+=xv-license
When adding a package with a new license, the
license text should be added to pkgsrc/licenses
for displaying. A
list of known licenses can be seen in this directory as
well as by looking at the list of (commented out)
ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES
variable settings in pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf
.
The use of LICENSE=shareware
, LICENSE=no-commercial-use
, and similar
language is deprecated because it does not crisply
refer to a particular license text. Another problem
with such usage is that it does not enable a user to
denote acceptance of the license for a single package
without accepting the same license text for another
package. In particular, this can be inappropriate when
e.g. one accepts a particular license to indicate to
pkgsrc that a fee has been paid.
Certain packages, most of them in the games
category, install a score file that allows all users on
the system to record their highscores. In order for
this to work, the binaries need to be installed setgid
and the score files owned by the appropriate group
and/or owner (traditionally the "games" user/group).
The following variables, documented in more detail in
mk/defaults/mk.conf
, control
this behaviour: SETGIDGAME
, GAMEDATAMODE
, GAMEGRP
, GAMEMODE
, GAMEOWN
.
Note that per default, setgid installation of games
is disabled; setting SETGIDGAME=YES
will set all the other
variables accordingly.
A package should therefor never hard code file
ownership or access permissions but rely on
INSTALL_GAME
and
INSTALL_GAME_DATA
to set
these correctly.
If your package contains interpreted perl scripts,
set REPLACE_PERL
to ensure
that the proper interpreter path is set. REPLACE_PERL
should contain a list of
scripts, relative to WRKSRC
, that you want adjusted.
Your package may also contain scripts with hardcoded
paths to other interpreters besides (or as well as)
perl. To correct the full pathname to the script
interpreter, you need to set the following definitions
in your Makefile
(we shall use
tclsh in
this example):
REPLACE_INTERPRETER+= tcl _REPLACE.tcl.old= .*/bin/tclsh _REPLACE.tcl.new= ${PREFIX}/bin/tclsh _REPLACE_FILES.tcl= # list of tcl scripts which need to be fixed, # relative to ${WRKSRC}, just as in REPLACE_PERL
Makefiles of packages providing perl5 modules should
include the Makefile fragment ../../lang/perl5/module.mk
. It
provides a do-configure target for the
standard perl configuration for such modules as well as
various hooks to tune this configuration. See comments
in this file for details.
Perl5 modules will install into different places
depending on the version of perl used during the build
process. To address this, pkgsrc will append lines to
the PLIST
corresponding to the files
listed in the installed .packlist
file generated by most
perl5 modules. This is invoked by defining PERL5_PACKLIST
to a space-separated
list of paths to packlist files, e.g.:
PERL5_PACKLIST= ${PERL5_SITEARCH}/auto/Pg/.packlist
The variables PERL5_SITELIB
, PERL5_SITEARCH
, and PERL5_ARCHLIB
represent the three
locations in which perl5 modules may be installed, and
may be used by perl5 packages that don't have a
packlist. These three variables are also substituted
for in the PLIST
.
Some packages install info files or use the “makeinfo” or “install-info” commands. Each of the info files:
is considered to be installed in the directory
${PREFIX}/${INFO_DIR}
,
is registered in the Info directory file
${PREFIX}/${INFO_DIR}/dir
,
and must be listed as a filename in the
INFO_FILES
variable
in the package Makefile.
INFO_DIR
defaults to
“info” and can
be overridden in the package Makefile. INSTALL
and DEINSTALL
scripts will be generated
to handle registration of the info files in the Info
directory file. The “install-info” command used for the
info files registration is either provided by the
system, or by a special purpose package automatically
added as dependency if needed.
A package which needs the “makeinfo” command at build time
must define the variable USE_MAKEINFO
in its Makefile. If a
minimum version of the “makeinfo” command is needed it
should be noted with the TEXINFO_REQD
variable in the package
Makefile
. By default, a minimum
version of 3.12 is required. If the system does not
provide a makeinfo command or if it
does not match the required minimum, a build dependency
on the devel/gtexinfo
package will be
added automatically.
The build and installation process of the software
provided by the package should not use the
install-info command as the
registration of info files is the task of the package
INSTALL
script, and it must use
the appropriate makeinfo command.
To achieve this goal, the pkgsrc infrastructure
creates overriding scripts for the install-info and
makeinfo
commands in a directory listed early in PATH
.
The script overriding install-info has no effect
except the logging of a message. The script overriding
makeinfo
logs a message and according to the value of
USE_MAKEINFO
and
TEXINFO_REQD
either run
the appropriate makeinfo command or exit on
error.
Many packages install manual pages. The man pages
are installed under ${PREFIX}/${PKGMANDIR}
which is
/usr/pkg/man
by default.
PKGMANDIR
defaults to
“man”. For
example, you can set PKGMANDIR
to “share/man” to have man pages
install under /usr/pkg/share/man/
by default.
The support for a custom PKGMANDIR
is not complete.
The PLIST
files can just use man/
as the top level directory for
the man page file entries and the pkgsrc framework will
convert as needed.
Packages that are configured with GNU_CONFIGURE
set as
“yes”, by
default will use the ./configure
--mandir switch to set
where the man pages should be installed. The path is
GNU_CONFIGURE_MANDIR
which
defaults to ${PREFIX}/${PKGMANDIR}
.
Packages that use GNU_CONFIGURE
but do not use --mandir,
can set CONFIGURE_HAS_MANDIR
to
“no”. Or if the
./configure
script uses a
non-standard use of --mandir, you can set GNU_CONFIGURE_MANDIR
as needed.
See Section 10.5, “Man page compression” for information on installation of compressed manual pages.
If a package installs .schemas
or .entries
files, used by GConf2, you
need to take some extra steps to make sure they get
registered in the database:
Include ../../devel/GConf2/schemas.mk
instead of its buildlink3.mk
file. This takes
care of rebuilding the GConf2 database at
installation and deinstallation time, and tells
the package where to install GConf2 data files
using some standard configure arguments. It also
disallows any access to the database directly
from the package.
Ensure that the package installs its
.schemas
files under
${PREFIX}/share/gconf/schemas
.
If they get installed under ${PREFIX}/etc
, you will need to
manually patch the package.
Check the PLIST and remove any entries under the etc/gconf directory, as they will be handled automatically. See Section 7.14, “How do I change the location of configuration files?” for more information.
Define the GCONF2_SCHEMAS
variable in your
Makefile
with a list of all
.schemas
files installed by the
package, if any. Names must not contain any
directories in them.
Define the GCONF2_ENTRIES
variable in your
Makefile
with a list of all
.entries
files installed by the
package, if any. Names must not contain any
directories in them.
If a package installs .omf
files, used by scrollkeeper, you
need to take some extra steps to make sure they get
registered in the database:
Include ../../textproc/scrollkeeper/omf.mk
instead of its buildlink3.mk
file. This takes
care of rebuilding the scrollkeeper database at
installation and deinstallation time, and
disallows any access to it directly from the
package.
Check the PLIST and remove any entries under
the libdata/scrollkeeper
directory,
as they will be handled automatically.
Remove the share/omf
directory from the
PLIST. It will be handled by scrollkeeper.
If a package installs font files, you will need to rebuild the fonts database in the directory where they get installed at installation and deinstallation time. This can be automatically done by using the pkginstall framework.
You can list the directories where fonts are
installed in the FONTS_DIRS.
variables,
where type
type
can be one of “ttf”, “type1” or “x11”. Also make sure that the
database file fonts.dir
is not listed in the
PLIST.
Note that you should not create new directories for fonts; instead use the standard ones to avoid that the user needs to manually configure his X server to find them.
If a package installs GTK2 immodules or loaders, you need to take some extra steps to get them registered in the GTK2 database properly:
Include ../../x11/gtk2/modules.mk
instead of its buildlink3.mk
file. This takes
care of rebuilding the database at installation
and deinstallation time.
Set GTK2_IMMODULES=YES
if your
package installs GTK2 immodules.
Set GTK2_LOADERS=YES
if your package
installs GTK2 loaders.
Patch the package to not touch any of the GTK2 databases directly. These are:
libdata/gtk-2.0/gdk-pixbuf.loaders
libdata/gtk-2.0/gtk.immodules
Check the PLIST and remove any entries under
the libdata/gtk-2.0
directory, as
they will be handled automatically.
If a package installs SGML or XML data files that need to be registered in system-wide catalogs (like DTDs, sub-catalogs, etc.), you need to take some extra steps:
Include ../../textproc/xmlcatmgr/catalogs.mk
in your Makefile
, which takes care of
registering those files in system-wide catalogs
at installation and deinstallation time.
Set SGML_CATALOGS
to the full path of any SGML catalogs installed
by the package.
Set XML_CATALOGS
to the full path of any XML catalogs installed by
the package.
Set SGML_ENTRIES
to individual entries to be added to the SGML
catalog. These come in groups of three strings;
see xmlcatmgr(1) for more information
(specifically, arguments recognized by the 'add'
action). Note that you will normally not use this
variable.
Set XML_ENTRIES
to individual entries to be added to the XML
catalog. These come in groups of three strings;
see xmlcatmgr(1) for more information
(specifically, arguments recognized by the 'add'
action). Note that you will normally not use this
variable.
If a package provides extensions to the MIME
database by installing .xml
files inside ${PREFIX}/share/mime/packages
, you
need to take some extra steps to ensure that the
database is kept consistent with respect to these new
files:
Include ../../databases/shared-mime-info/mimedb.mk
(avoid using the buildlink3.mk
file from this
same directory, which is reserved for inclusion
from other buildlink3.mk
files). It takes
care of rebuilding the MIME database at
installation and deinstallation time, and
disallows any access to it directly from the
package.
Check the PLIST and remove any entries under
the share/mime
directory,
except for
files saved under share/mime/packages
. The former
are handled automatically by the
update-mime-database program, but the latter are
package-dependent and must be removed by the
package that installed them in the first
place.
Remove any share/mime/*
directories from
the PLIST. They will be handled by the
shared-mime-info package.
If a package uses intltool during its build, include
the ../../textproc/intltool/buildlink3.mk
file, which forces it to use the intltool package
provided by pkgsrc, instead of the one bundled with the
distribution file.
This tracks intltool's build-time dependencies and uses the latest available version; this way, the package benefits of any bug fixes that may have appeared since it was released.
If a package contains a rc.d script, it won't be
copied into the startup directory by default, but you
can enable it, by adding the option PKG_RCD_SCRIPTS=YES
in /etc/mk.conf
. This option will copy
the scripts into /etc/rc.d
when a package is
installed, and it will automatically remove the scripts
when the package is deinstalled.
If a package installs TeX packages into the texmf
tree, the ls-R
database of the tree needs to be
updated.
Except the main TeX packages such as teTeX-texmf,
packages should install files into PKG_LOCALTEXMFPREFIX
, not
PKG_TEXMFPREFIX
.
Include ../../print/teTeX/module.mk
instead of ../../mk/tex.buildlink3.mk
.
This takes care of rebuilding the ls-R
database at installation
and deinstallation time.
If your package installs files into a texmf
tree other than the one at PKG_LOCALTEXMFPREFIX
, set
TEXMFDIRS
to the
list of all texmf trees that need database
update.
If your package also installs font map files
that need to be registered using
updmap, set
TEX_FONTMAPS
to the
list of all such font map files. Then
updmap will be run
automatically at installation/deinstallation to
enable/disable font map files for TeX output
drivers.
Make sure that none of ls-R
databases are included in
PLIST
, as they will be removed
only by the teTeX-bin package.
If you have found any bugs in the package you make available, if you had to do special steps to make it run under NetBSD or if you enhanced the software in various other ways, be sure to report these changes back to the original author of the program! With that kind of support, the next release of the program can incorporate these fixes, and people not using the NetBSD packages system can win from your efforts.
Support the idea of free software!
To check out all the gotchas when building a package, here are the steps that I do in order to get a package working. Please note this is basically the same as what was explained in the previous sections, only with some debugging aids.
Be sure to set PKG_DEVELOPER=1
in /etc/mk.conf
Install pkgtools/url2pkg
, create a
directory for a new package, change into it, then run
url2pkg:
%
mkdir /usr/pkgsrc/
category
/examplepkg
%
cd /usr/pkgsrc/
category
/examplepkg
%
url2pkg http://www.example.com/path/to/distfile.tar.gz
Edit the Makefile
as requested.
Fill in the DESCR
file
Run make configure
Add any dependencies glimpsed from documentation
and the configure step to the package's Makefile
.
Make the package compile, doing multiple rounds of
%
make
%
pkgvi ${WRKSRC}/some/file/that/does/not/compile
%
mkpatches
%
patchdiff
%
mv ${WRKDIR}/.newpatches/* patches
%
make mps
%
make clean
Doing as non-root user will ensure that no files
are modified that shouldn't be, especially during the
build phase. mkpatches,
patchdiff and
pkgvi
are from the pkgtools/pkgdiff
package.
Look at the Makefile
, fix if necessary; see
Section 8.1,
“Makefile
”.
Generate a PLIST
:
#
make install
#
make print-PLIST >PLIST
#
make deinstall
#
make install
#
make deinstall
You usually need to be root
to do this. Look if there are
any files left:
#
make print-PLIST
If this reveals any files that are missing in
PLIST
, add them.
Now that the PLIST
is OK, install the package
again and make a binary package:
#
make reinstall
#
make package
Delete the installed package:
#
pkg_delete blub
Repeat the above make print-PLIST command, which shouldn't find anything now:
#
make print-PLIST
Reinstall the binary package:
#
pkgadd .../blub.tgz
Play with it. Make sure everything works.
Run pkglint from pkgtools/pkglint
, and fix the
problems it reports:
#
pkglint
Submit (or commit, if you have cvs access); see Chapter 18, Submitting and Committing.
Table of Contents
You have to separate between binary and “normal” (source) packages here:
precompiled binary packages
Our policy is that we accept binaries only from pkgsrc developers to guarantee that the packages don't contain any trojan horses etc. This is not to annoy anyone but rather to protect our users! You're still free to put up your home-made binary packages and tell the world where to get them. NetBSD developers doing bulk builds and wanting to upload them please see Section 6.3.8, “Uploading results of a bulk build”.
packages
First, check that your package is complete, compiles and runs well; see Chapter 17, Debugging and the rest of this document. Next, generate an uuencoded gzipped tar(1) archive, preferably with all files in a single directory. Finally, send-pr with category “pkg”, a synopsis which includes the package name and version number, a short description of your package (contents of the COMMENT variable or DESCR file are OK) and attach the archive to your PR.
If you want to submit several packages, please send a separate PR for each one, it's easier for us to track things that way.
Alternatively, you can also import new packages into pkgsrc-wip (“pkgsrc work-in-progress”); see the homepage at http://pkgsrc-wip.sourceforge.net/ for details.
Please note all package additions, updates, moves, and
removals in pkgsrc/doc/CHANGES
. It's very important
to keep this file up to date and conforming to the
existing format, because it will be used by scripts to
automatically update pages on www.NetBSD.org
and other sites. Additionally, check the pkgsrc/doc/TODO
file and remove the
entry for the package you updated or removed, in case it
was mentioned there.
There is a make target that helps in creating proper
CHANGES
entries:
make
changes-entry. It uses the optional
CTYPE
and NETBSD_LOGIN_NAME
variables. The general
usage is to first make sure that your CHANGES
file is up-to-date (to avoid
having to resolve conflicts later-on) and then to
cd to the
package directory. For package updates,
make
changes-entry is enough. For new
packages, or package moves or removals, set the
CTYPE
variable on the
command line to "Added", "Moved", or "Removed". You can
set NETBSD_LOGIN_NAME
in
/etc/mk.conf
if your local login
name is not the same as your NetBSD login name. Don't
forget to commit the changes to pkgsrc/doc/CHANGES
!
This section is only of interest for pkgsrc developers with write access to the pkgsrc repository. Please remember that cvs imports files relative to the current working directory, and that the pathname that you give the cvs import command is so that it knows where to place the files in the repository. Newly created packages should be imported with a vendor tag of “TNF” and a release tag of “pkgsrc-base”, e.g:
$
cd .../pkgsrc/category/pkgname$
cvs import pkgsrc/category/pkgname TNF pkgsrc-base
Remember to move the directory from which you imported
out of the way, or cvs will complain the next time you
“cvs update” your
source tree. Also don't forget to add the new package to
the category's Makefile
.
The commit message of the initial import should
include part of the DESCR
file, so people reading the
mailing lists know what the package is/does.
For new packages, “cvs import” is preferred to “cvs add” because the former gets everything with a single command, and provides a consistent tag.
Please always put a concise, appropriate and relevant summary of the changes between old and new versions into the commit log when updating a package. There are various reasons for this:
A URL is volatile, and can change over time. It may go away completely or its information may be overwritten by newer information.
Having the change information between old and new versions in our CVS repository is very useful for people who use either cvs or anoncvs.
Having the change information between old and new versions in our CVS repository is very useful for people who read the pkgsrc-changes mailing list, so that they can make tactical decisions about when to upgrade the package.
Please also recognize that, just because a new version of a package has been released, it should not automatically be upgraded in the CVS repository. We prefer to be conservative in the packages that are included in pkgsrc - development or beta packages are not really the best thing for most places in which pkgsrc is used. Please use your judgement about what should go into pkgsrc, and bear in mind that stability is to be preferred above new and possibly untested features.
Make a copy of the directory somewhere else.
Remove all CVS dirs.
Alternatively to the first two steps you can also do:
%
cvs -d user@cvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot export -D today pkgsrc/category/package
and use that for further work.
Fix CATEGORIES
and
any DEPENDS
paths that
just did “../package” instead of
“../../category/package”.
cvs import the modified package in the new place.
Check if any package depends on it:
%
cd /usr/pkgsrc
%
grep /package */*/Makefile* */*/buildlink*
Fix paths in packages from step 5 to point to new location.
cvs rm (-f) the package at the old location.
Remove from oldcategory/Makefile
.
Add to newcategory/Makefile
.
Commit the changed and removed files:
%
cvs commit oldcategory/package oldcategory/Makefile newcategory/Makefile
(and any packages from step 5, of course).
Table of Contents
The pkgsrc system has already been ported to many operating systems, hardware architectures and compilers. This chapter explains the necessary steps to make pkgsrc even more portable.
To port pkgsrc to a new operating system (called
MyOS
in this example), you
need to touch the following files:
bootstrap/mods/mk/MyOS
.sys.mk
This file contains some basic definitions, for example the name of the C compiler.
mk/bsd.prefs.mk
Insert code that defines the variables
OPSYS
, OS_VERSION
, LOWER_OS_VERSION
, LOWER_VENDOR
, MACHINE_ARCH
, OBJECT_FMT
, APPEND_ELF
, and the other
variables that appear in this file.
mk/platform/MyOS.mk
This file contains the platform-specific definitions that are used by pkgsrc. Start by copying one of the other files and edit it to your needs.
mk/platform/MyOS.pkg.dist
This file contains a list of directories,
together with their permission bits and ownership.
These directories will be created automatically
with every package that does not explicitly set
NO_MTREE
. There have
been some discussions about whether this file is
needed at all, but with no result.
mk/platform/MyOS.x11.dist
Just copy one of the pre-existing x11.dist files
to your
.MyOS
.x11.dist
mk/tools/bootstrap.mk
On some operating systems, the tools that are provided with the base system are not good enough for pkgsrc. For example, there are many versions of sed(1) that have a narrow limit on the line length they can process. Therefore pkgsrc brings its own tools, which can be enabled here.
mk/tools/MyOS
.mk
This file defines the paths to all the tools that are needed by one or the other package in pkgsrc, as well as by pkgsrc itself. Find out where these tools are on your platform and add them.
Now, you should be able to build some basic packages,
like lang/perl5
, shells/bash
.
Table of Contents
We checked to find a piece of software that wasn't in the packages collection, and picked GNU bison. Quite why someone would want to have bison when Berkeley yacc is already present in the tree is beyond us, but it's useful for the purposes of this exercise.
# $NetBSD$ # DISTNAME= bison-1.25 CATEGORIES= devel MASTER_SITES= ${MASTER_SITE_GNU} MAINTAINER= thorpej@NetBSD.org HOMEPAGE= http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/bison.html COMMENT= GNU yacc clone GNU_CONFIGURE= yes INFO_FILES= bison.info .include "../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk"
GNU version of yacc. Can make re-entrant parsers, and numerous other improvements. Why you would want this when Berkeley yacc(1) is part of the NetBSD source tree is beyond me.
The NetBSD package system comes with pkgtools/pkglint
which helps to
check the contents of these files. After installation it
is quite easy to use, just change to the directory of the
package you wish to examine and execute
pkglint:
$
pkglint
looks fine.
Depending on the supplied command line arguments (see pkglint(1)), more checks will be performed. Use e.g. pkglint -Call -Wall for a very thorough check.
Create the directory where the package lives, plus any auxiliary directories:
#
cd /usr/pkgsrc/lang
#
mkdir bison
#
cd bison
#
mkdir patches
Create Makefile
, DESCR
and PLIST
(see
Chapter 8, Package components - files, directories
and contents) then continue with fetching the
distfile:
#
make fetch
>> bison-1.25.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system. >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu//. Requesting ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/) ftp: Error retrieving file: 500 Internal error >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/systems/gnu//. Requesting ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/systems/gnu//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/) ftp: Error retrieving file: 500 Internal error >> Attempting to fetch from ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles//. Requesting ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/) Successfully retrieved file.
Generate the checksum of the distfile into distinfo
:
#
make makesum
Now compile:
#
make
>> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz. ===> Extracting for bison-1.25 ===> Patching for bison-1.25 ===> Ignoring empty patch directory ===> Configuring for bison-1.25 creating cache ./config.cache checking for gcc... cc checking whether we are using GNU C... yes checking for a BSD compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin checking how to run the C preprocessor... cc -E checking for minix/config.h... no checking for POSIXized ISC... no checking whether cross-compiling... no checking for ANSI C header files... yes checking for string.h... yes checking for stdlib.h... yes checking for memory.h... yes checking for working const... yes checking for working alloca.h... no checking for alloca... yes checking for strerror... yes updating cache ./config.cache creating ./config.status creating Makefile ===> Building for bison-1.25 cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g LR0.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g allocate.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g closure.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g conflicts.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g derives.c cc -c -DXPFILE=\"/usr/pkg/share/bison.simple\" -DXPFILE1=\"/usr/pkg/share/bison.hairy\" -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -g ./files.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g getargs.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g gram.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g lalr.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g lex.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g main.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g nullable.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g output.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g print.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g reader.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g reduce.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g symtab.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g warshall.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g version.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g getopt.c cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include -g getopt1.c cc -g -o bison LR0.o allocate.o closure.o conflicts.o derives.o files.o getargs.o gram.o lalr.o lex.o main.o nullable.o output.o print.o reader.o reduce.o symtab.o warshall.o version.o getopt.o getopt1.o ./files.c:240: warning: mktemp() possibly used unsafely, consider using mkstemp() rm -f bison.s1 sed -e "/^#line/ s|bison|/usr/pkg/share/bison|" < ./bison.simple > bison.s1
Everything seems OK, so install the files:
#
make install
>> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz. ===> Installing for bison-1.25 sh ./mkinstalldirs /usr/pkg/bin /usr/pkg/share /usr/pkg/info /usr/pkg/man/man1 rm -f /usr/pkg/bin/bison cd /usr/pkg/share; rm -f bison.simple bison.hairy rm -f /usr/pkg/man/man1/bison.1 /usr/pkg/info/bison.info* install -c -o bin -g bin -m 555 bison /usr/pkg/bin/bison /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 bison.s1 /usr/pkg/share/bison.simple /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 ./bison.hairy /usr/pkg/share/bison.hairy cd .; for f in bison.info*; do /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 $f /usr/pkg/info/$f; done /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 ./bison.1 /usr/pkg/man/man1/bison.1 ===> Registering installation for bison-1.25
You can now use bison, and also - if you decide so - remove it with pkg_delete bison. Should you decide that you want a binary package, do this now:
#
make package
>> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz. ===> Building package for bison-1.25 Creating package bison-1.25.tgz Registering depends:. Creating gzip'd tar ball in '/u/pkgsrc/lang/bison/bison-1.25.tgz'
Now that you don't need the source and object files any more, clean up:
#
make clean
===> Cleaning for bison-1.25
Table of Contents
#
make
===> Checking for vulnerabilities in figlet-2.2.1nb2 => figlet221.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system. => Attempting to fetch figlet221.tar.gz from ftp://ftp.figlet.org/pub/figlet/program/unix/. => [172219 bytes] Connected to ftp.plig.net. 220 ftp.plig.org NcFTPd Server (licensed copy) ready. 331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password. 230-You are user #5 of 500 simultaneous users allowed. 230- 230- ___ _ _ _ 230- | _| |_ ___ ___| |_|___ ___ ___ ___ 230- | _| _| . |_| . | | | . |_| . | _| . | 230- |_| |_| | _|_| _|_|_|_ |_|___|_| |_ | 230- |_| |_| |___| |___| 230- 230-** Welcome to ftp.plig.org ** 230- 230-Please note that all transfers from this FTP site are logged. If you 230-do not like this, please disconnect now. 230- 230-This arhive is available via 230- 230-HTTP: http://ftp.plig.org/ 230-FTP: ftp://ftp.plig.org/ (max 500 connections) 230-RSYNC: rsync://ftp.plig.org/ (max 30 connections) 230- 230-Please email comments, bug reports and requests for packages to be 230-mirrored to ftp-admin@plig.org. 230- 230- 230 Logged in anonymously. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. 200 Type okay. 250 "/pub" is new cwd. 250-"/pub/figlet" is new cwd. 250- 250-Welcome to the figlet archive at ftp.figlet.org 250- 250- ftp://ftp.figlet.org/pub/figlet/ 250- 250-The official FIGlet web page is: 250- http://www.figlet.org/ 250- 250-If you have questions, please mailto:info@figlet.org. If you want to 250-contribute a font or something else, you can email us. 250 250 "/pub/figlet/program" is new cwd. 250 "/pub/figlet/program/unix" is new cwd. local: figlet221.tar.gz remote: figlet221.tar.gz 502 Unimplemented command. 227 Entering Passive Mode (195,40,6,41,246,104) 150 Data connection accepted from 84.128.86.72:65131; transfer starting for figlet221.tar.gz (172219 bytes). 38% |************** | 65800 64.16 KB/s 00:01 ETA 226 Transfer completed. 172219 bytes received in 00:02 (75.99 KB/s) 221 Goodbye. => Checksum OK for figlet221.tar.gz. ===> Extracting for figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Required installed package ccache-[0-9]*: ccache-2.3nb1 found ===> Patching for figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Applying pkgsrc patches for figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Overriding tools for figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Creating toolchain wrappers for figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Configuring for figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Building for figlet-2.2.1nb2 gcc -O2 -DDEFAULTFONTDIR=\"/usr/pkg/share/figlet\" -DDEFAULTFONTFILE=\"standard.flf\" figlet.c zipio.c crc.c inflate.c -o figlet chmod a+x figlet gcc -O2 -o chkfont chkfont.c => Unwrapping files-to-be-installed.#
#
make install
===> Checking for vulnerabilities in figlet-2.2.1nb2 ===> Installing for figlet-2.2.1nb2 install -d -o root -g wheel -m 755 /usr/pkg/bin install -d -o root -g wheel -m 755 /usr/pkg/man/man6 mkdir -p /usr/pkg/share/figlet cp figlet /usr/pkg/bin cp chkfont /usr/pkg/bin chmod 555 figlist showfigfonts cp figlist /usr/pkg/bin cp showfigfonts /usr/pkg/bin cp fonts/*.flf /usr/pkg/share/figlet cp fonts/*.flc /usr/pkg/share/figlet cp figlet.6 /usr/pkg/man/man6 ===> Registering installation for figlet-2.2.1nb2#
Layout for precompiled binary packages on ftp.NetBSD.org:
/pub/NetBSD/packages/ distfiles/ # Unpacked pkgsrc trees pkgsrc-current -> /pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-current/pkgsrc pkgsrc-2003Q4 -> N/A pkgsrc-2004Q1/pkgsrc # pkgsrc archives pkgsrc-current.tar.gz -> ../NetBSD-current/tar_files/pkgsrc.tar.gz pkgsrc-2003Q4.tar.gz -> N/A pkgsrc-2004Q1.tar.gz -> N/A # Per pkgsrc-release/OS-release/arch package archives pkgsrc-2003Q4/ NetBSD-1.6.2/ i386/ All/ archivers/ foo -> ../All/foo ... pkgsrc-2004Q1/ NetBSD-1.6.2/ i386/ All/ ... NetBSD-2.0/ i386/ All/ ... SunOS-5.9/ sparc/ All/ ... x86/ All/ ... # Per os-release package archive convenience links NetBSD-1.6.2 -> 1.6.2 1.6.2/ i386 -> ../pkgsrc-2004Q1/NetBSD-1.6.2/i386 m68k/ All/ archivers/ foo -> ../All/foo ... amiga -> m68k atari -> m68k ... 2.0 -> NetBSD-2.0 # backward compat, historic NetBSD-2.0/ i386 -> ../pkgsrc-2004Q1/NetBSD-2.0/i386 SunOS-5.9/ sparc -> ../pkgsrc-2004Q1/SunOS-5.9/sparc x86 -> ../pkgsrc-2004Q1/SunOS-5.9/x86
To create:
Run bulk build, see Section 6.3, “Doing a bulk build of all packages”
Upload /usr/pkgsrc/packages to
ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/\ pkgsrc-2004Q4/\ # pkgsrc-branch `uname -s`-`uname -r`/\ # OS & version `uname -p` # architecture
If necessary, create a symlink ln -s `uname -m` `uname -p` (amiga -> m68k, ...)
Table of Contents
This section contains information on editing the pkgsrc guide itself.
The pkgsrc guide's source code is stored in pkgsrc/doc/guide/files
, and several files
are created from it:
pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.txt
pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.html
http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/pkgsrc/
:
the documentation on the NetBSD website will be built
from pkgsrc and kept up to date on the web server
itself. This means you must make sure that your
changes haven't broken the build!
http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.pdf
:
PDF version of the pkgsrc guide.
http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.ps
:
PostScript version of the pkgsrc guide.
The procedure to edit the pkgsrc guide is:
Make sure you have the packages needed to
re-generate the pkgsrc guide (and other XML-based
NetBSD documentation) installed. These are
“netbsd-doc”
for creating the ASCII and HTML versions, and
“netbsd-doc-print” for the
PostScript and PDF versions. You will need both
packages installed, to make sure documentation is
consistent across all formats. The packages can be
found in pkgsrc/meta-pkgs/netbsd-doc
and
pkgsrc/meta-pkgs/netbsd-doc-print
.
Edit the XML file(s) in pkgsrc/doc/guide/files
.
Run make extract
&& make do-lint in
pkgsrc/doc/guide
to check the XML
syntax, and fix it if needed.
Run make in pkgsrc/doc/guide
to build the HTML
and ASCII version.
If all is well, run make install-doc to put the
generated files into pkgsrc/doc
.
cvs commit pkgsrc/doc/guide/files
cvs commit -m re-generate pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.{html,txt}
Until the webserver on www.NetBSD.org is really
updated automatically to pick up changes to the
pkgsrc guide automatically, also run
make install-htdocs
HTDOCSDIR=../../../htdocs (or
similar, adjust HTDOCSDIR
!).
cvs commit htdocs/Documentation/pkgsrc