Copyright Notice Copyright 1986, 1992 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. Developed by Barry L. Vercoe at the Experimental Music Studio, Media Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, with partial support from the System Development Foundation and from National Science Foundation Grant # IRI-8704665. Permission to use, copy, or modify these programs and their documentation for educational and research purposes only and without fee is hereby granted, provided that this copyright and permission notice appear on all copies and supporting documentation. For any other uses of this software, in original or modified form, including but not limited to distribution in whole or in part, specific prior permission from MIT must be obtained. MIT makes no representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty The original Hypertext Edition of the MIT Csound Manual was prepared for the World Wide Web by Peter J. Nix of the Department of Music at the University of Leeds and Jean Pich� of the Facult� de musique de l'Universit� de Montr�al. This Print Edition, in Adobe Acrobat format, is maintained by David M. Boothe. The editors fully acknowledge the rights of the authors of the original documentation and programs, as set out above, and further request that this notice appear wherever this material is held. Contributors In addition to the core code developed by Barry Vercoe at MIT, a large part of the Csound code was modified, developed and extended by an independent group of programmers, composers and scientists. Copyright to this code is held by the respective authors: Mike Berry Richard Karpen Eli Breder Victor Lazzarini Michael Casey Allan Lee Michael Clark David Macintyre Perry Cook Gabriel Maldonado Sean Costello Max Mathews Richard Dobson Hans Mikelson Mark Dolson Peter Neub�cker Rasmus Ekman Ville Pulkki Dan Ellis Marc Resibois Tom Erbe Rob Shaw John ffitch Paris Smaragdis Bill Gardner Greg Sullivan Matt Ingalls Bill Verplank Robin Whittle