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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
  <meta name="generator" content=
  "HTML Tidy for NetBSD (vers 1st August 2004), see www.w3.org" />
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
  "text/html; charset=us-ascii" />

  <title>The pkgsrc guide</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/NetBSD.css" type="text/css" />
  <meta name="generator" content=
  "DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.67.0" />
  <meta name="description" content=
  "Information about using the NetBSD package system (pkgsrc) from both a user view for installing packages as well as from a pkgsrc developers' view for creating new packages." />
  </head>

<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
alink="#0000FF">
  <div class="book" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
    <div class="titlepage">
      <div>
        <div>
          <h1 class="title"><a name="id2458394" id=
          "id2458394"></a>The pkgsrc guide</h1>
        </div>

        <div>
          <h2 class="subtitle">Documentation on the NetBSD packages
          system</h2>
        </div>

        <div>
          <div class="authorgroup">
            <div class="author">
              <h3 class="author"><span class=
              "firstname">Alistair</span> <span class=
              "surname">Crooks</span></h3>

              <div class="affiliation">
                <div class="address">
                  <p><code class="email">&lt;<a href=
                  "mailto:agc@NetBSD.org">agc@NetBSD.org</a>&gt;</code></p>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <div class="author">
              <h3 class="author"><span class=
              "firstname">Hubert</span> <span class=
              "surname">Feyrer</span></h3>

              <div class="affiliation">
                <div class="address">
                  <p><code class="email">&lt;<a href=
                  "mailto:hubertf@NetBSD.org">hubertf@NetBSD.org</a>&gt;</code></p>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <h3 class="corpauthor">The pkgsrc Developers</h3>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div>
          <p class="copyright">Copyright &#169; 1994-2004 The
          NetBSD Foundation, Inc</p>
        </div>

        <div>
          <p class="pubdate">$NetBSD: pkgsrc.xml,v 1.3 2004/10/22
          00:24:48 hubertf Exp $</p>
        </div>

        <div>
          <div class="abstract">
            <p class="title"><b>Abstract</b></p>

            <p>Information about using the NetBSD package system
            (pkgsrc) from both a user view for installing packages
            as well as from a pkgsrc developers' view for creating
            new packages.</p>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr />
    </div>

    <div class="toc">
      <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>

      <dl>
        <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#introduction">1.
        Introduction</a></span></dt>

        <dd>
          <dl>
            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2514275">1.1.
            Introduction</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#overview">1.2.
            Overview</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#terminology">1.3.
            Terminology</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#typography">1.4.
            Typography</a></span></dt>
          </dl>
        </dd>

        <dt><span class="part"><a href="#users-guide">I. The pkgsrc
        user's guide</a></span></dt>

        <dd>
          <dl>
            <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#getting">2. Where
            to get pkgsrc</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2514853">2.1.
                As tar file</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2514870">2.2.
                Via SUP</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2514970">2.3.
                Via CVS</a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#platforms">3. Using
            pkgsrc on systems other than NetBSD</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2515148">3.1.
                Bootstrapping pkgsrc</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2515255">3.2.
                Platform specific notes</a></span></dt>

                <dd>
                  <dl>
                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2515261">3.2.1. Darwin (Mac OS
                    X)</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2515492">3.2.2. FreeBSD</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2515662">3.2.3. Interix</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2515753">3.2.4. IRIX</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2516280">3.2.5. OpenBSD</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2516392">3.2.6. Solaris</a></span></dt>
                  </dl>
                </dd>
              </dl>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#using">4. Using
            pkgsrc</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
                "#getting-started">4.1. Working with binary
                packages</a></span></dt>

                <dd>
                  <dl>
                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2516529">4.1.1. Where to get binary
                    packages</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2516569">4.1.2. How to use binary
                    packages</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2516704">4.1.3. A word of
                    warning</a></span></dt>
                  </dl>
                </dd>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2516715">4.2.
                Building packages from source</a></span></dt>

                <dd>
                  <dl>
                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2516725">4.2.1.
                    Requirements</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2516745">4.2.2. Fetching
                    distfiles</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2516866">4.2.3. How to build and
                    install</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2517182">4.2.4. Selecting the
                    compiler</a></span></dt>
                  </dl>
                </dd>
              </dl>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#binary">5. Creating
            binary packages</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2517337">5.1.
                Building a single binary package</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2517825">5.2.
                Settings for creation of binary
                packages</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#bulkbuild">5.3.
                Doing a bulk build of all packages</a></span></dt>

                <dd>
                  <dl>
                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#binary.configuration">5.3.1.
                    Configuration</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2517964">5.3.2. Other environmental
                    considerations</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2518005">5.3.3. Operation</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2583270">5.3.4. What it
                    does</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2583326">5.3.5. Disk space
                    requirements</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2583421">5.3.6. Setting up a sandbox for
                    chroot'ed builds</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2583785">5.3.7. Building a partial set of
                    packages</a></span></dt>
                  </dl>
                </dd>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2583828">5.4.
                Creating a multiple CD-ROM packages
                collection</a></span></dt>

                <dd>
                  <dl>
                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2583843">5.4.1. Example of
                    cdpack</a></span></dt>
                  </dl>
                </dd>
              </dl>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#faq">6. Frequently
            Asked Questions</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584170">6.1.
                Is there a mailing list for pkg-related
                discussion?</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584200">6.2.
                Where's the pkgviews documentation?</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
                "#faq-pkgtools">6.3. Utilities for package
                management (pkgtools)</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584453">6.4.
                How to use pkgsrc as non-root</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584465">6.5.
                How can I install/use XFree86 from
                pkgsrc?</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584492">6.6.
                How can I install/use X.org from
                pkgsrc?</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584520">6.7.
                How to fetch files from behind a
                firewall</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584534">6.8.
                How do I tell <span><strong class="command">make
                fetch</strong></span> to do passive
                FTP?</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584722">6.9.
                How to fetch all distfiles at once</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584861">6.10.
                What does &#8220;<span class="quote">Don't know how
                to make /usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc</span>&#8221;
                mean?</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584900">6.11.
                What does &#8220;<span class="quote">Could not find
                bsd.own.mk</span>&#8221; mean?</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584957">6.12.
                Using 'sudo' with pkgsrc</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#faq.conf">6.13.
                Configuration files handling and
                placement</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
                "#audit-packages">6.14. Automated security
                checks</a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>
          </dl>
        </dd>

        <dt><span class="part"><a href="#developers-guide">II. The
        pkgsrc developer's guide</a></span></dt>

        <dd>
          <dl>
            <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#components">7.
            Package components - files, directories and
            contents</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
                "#components.Makefile">7.1. <code class=
                "filename">Makefile</code></a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
                "#components.distinfo">7.2. <code class=
                "filename">distinfo</code></a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
                "#components.patches">7.3.
                patches/*</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586071">7.4.
                Other mandatory files</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
                "#components.optional">7.5. Optional
                files</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586197">7.6.
                <code class="filename">work*</code></a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586284">7.7.
                <code class=
                "filename">files/*</code></a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#plist">8. PLIST
            issues</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586339">8.1.
                RCS ID</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586354">8.2.
                Semi-automatic <code class="filename">PLIST</code>
                generation</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#print-PLIST">8.3.
                Tweaking output of <span><strong class=
                "command">make
                print-PLIST</strong></span></a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#plist.misc">8.4.
                Variable substitution in PLIST</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586743">8.5.
                Manpage-compression</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586785">8.6.
                Changing PLIST source with <code class=
                "varname">PLIST_SRC</code></a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586802">8.7.
                Platform specific and differing
                PLISTs</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
                "#faq.common-dirs">8.8. Sharing directories between
                packages</a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#buildlink">9.
            Buildlink methodology</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2587074">9.1.
                Converting packages to use
                buildlink3</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2587265">9.2.
                Writing <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code>
                files</a></span></dt>

                <dd>
                  <dl>
                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2587470">9.2.1. Anatomy of a buildlink3.mk
                    file</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2588048">9.2.2. Updating <code class=
                    "varname">BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.<em class=
                    "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> in
                    <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code>
                    files</a></span></dt>
                  </dl>
                </dd>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2588126">9.3.
                Writing <code class="filename">builtin.mk</code>
                files</a></span></dt>

                <dd>
                  <dl>
                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2588208">9.3.1. Anatomy of a <code class=
                    "filename">builtin.mk</code>
                    file</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2588366">9.3.2. Global preferences for
                    native or pkgsrc software</a></span></dt>
                  </dl>
                </dd>
              </dl>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#options">10.
            Options handling</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2588507">10.1.
                Global default options</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2588522">10.2.
                Converting packages to use <code class=
                "filename">bsd.options.mk</code></a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#build">11. The
            build process</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
                "#build.prefix">11.1. Program
                location</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2589198">11.2.
                Main targets</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
                "#build.helpful-targets">11.3. Other helpful
                targets</a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#fixes">12. Notes on
            fixes for packages</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2590531">12.1.
                General operation</a></span></dt>

                <dd>
                  <dl>
                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2590534">12.1.1. How to pull in variables
                    from /etc/mk.conf</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2590685">12.1.2. Restricted
                    packages</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#dependencies">12.1.3. Handling
                    dependencies</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2591201">12.1.4. Handling conflicts with
                    other packages</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2591251">12.1.5. Packages that cannot or
                    should not be built</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2591413">12.1.6. Packages which should not
                    be deleted, once installed</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#security-handling">12.1.7. Handling packages
                    with security problems</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2591505">12.1.8. How to handle compiler
                    bugs</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2591527">12.1.9. How to handle incrementing
                    versions when fixing an existing
                    package</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2591644">12.1.10. Portability of
                    packages</a></span></dt>
                  </dl>
                </dd>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2591669">12.2.
                Possible downloading issues</a></span></dt>

                <dd>
                  <dl>
                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2591672">12.2.1. Packages whose distfiles
                    aren't available for plain
                    downloading</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2591735">12.2.2. How to handle modified
                    distfiles with the 'old' name</a></span></dt>
                  </dl>
                </dd>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2591747">12.3.
                Configuration gotchas</a></span></dt>

                <dd>
                  <dl>
                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#fixes.libtool">12.3.1. Shared libraries -
                    libtool</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2592086">12.3.2. Using libtool on GNU
                    packages that already support
                    libtool</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2592238">12.3.3. GNU
                    Autoconf/Automake</a></span></dt>
                  </dl>
                </dd>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2592283">12.4.
                Building considerations</a></span></dt>

                <dd>
                  <dl>
                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2592286">12.4.1. CPP
                    defines</a></span></dt>
                  </dl>
                </dd>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2592316">12.5.
                Package specific actions</a></span></dt>

                <dd>
                  <dl>
                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2592320">12.5.1. Package configuration
                    files</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2592490">12.5.2. User
                    interaction</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2592535">12.5.3. Handling
                    licenses</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2592686">12.5.4. Creating an account from a
                    package</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2592748">12.5.5. Installing score
                    files</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2592929">12.5.6. Packages providing login
                    shells</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2593054">12.5.7. Packages containing perl
                    scripts</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2593073">12.5.8. Packages with hardcoded
                    paths to other interpreters</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2593094">12.5.9. Packages installing perl
                    modules</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#faq.info-files">12.5.10. Packages installing
                    info files</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2593450">12.5.11. Packages installing
                    GConf2 data files</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2593550">12.5.12. Packages installing
                    scrollkeeper data files</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2593602">12.5.13. Packages installing X11
                    fonts</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2593649">12.5.14. Packages installing GTK2
                    modules</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2593718">12.5.15. Packages installing SGML
                    or XML data</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2593770">12.5.16. Packages installing
                    extensions to the MIME database</a></span></dt>

                    <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                    "#id2593841">12.5.17. Packages using
                    intltool</a></span></dt>
                  </dl>
                </dd>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2593854">12.6.
                Feedback to the author</a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#debug">13.
            Debugging</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#submit">14.
            Submitting and Committing</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2594385">14.1.
                Submitting your packages</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2594432">14.2.
                Committing: Importing a package into
                CVS</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2594563">14.3.
                Updating a package to a newer
                version</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2594582">14.4.
                Moving a package in pkgsrc</a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>
          </dl>
        </dd>

        <dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#examples">A. A simple
        example package: bison</a></span></dt>

        <dd>
          <dl>
            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2594808">A.1.
            files</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2594811">A.1.1.
                Makefile</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2594887">A.1.2.
                DESCR</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2594902">A.1.3.
                PLIST</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2594909">A.1.4.
                Checking a package with <span><strong class=
                "command">pkglint</strong></span></a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2594950">A.2. Steps
            for building, installing, packaging</a></span></dt>
          </dl>
        </dd>

        <dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#logs">B. Build
        logs</a></span></dt>

        <dd>
          <dl>
            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#logs.building">B.1.
            Building figlet</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#logs.package">B.2.
            Packaging figlet</a></span></dt>
          </dl>
        </dd>

        <dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#ftp-layout">C. Layout
        of the FTP server's package archive</a></span></dt>

        <dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#editing">D. Editing
        guidelines for the pkgsrc guide</a></span></dt>

        <dd>
          <dl>
            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2595665">D.1.
            Targets</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2595940">D.2.
            Procedure</a></span></dt>
          </dl>
        </dd>
      </dl>
    </div>

    <div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
      <div class="titlepage">
        <div>
          <div>
            <h2 class="title"><a name="introduction" id=
            "introduction"></a>Chapter&nbsp;1.&nbsp;Introduction</h2>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="toc">
        <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>

        <dl>
          <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2514275">1.1.
          Introduction</a></span></dt>

          <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#overview">1.2.
          Overview</a></span></dt>

          <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#terminology">1.3.
          Terminology</a></span></dt>

          <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#typography">1.4.
          Typography</a></span></dt>
        </dl>
      </div>

      <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
              "id2514275" id=
              "id2514275"></a>1.1.&nbsp;Introduction</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <p>There is a lot of software freely available for Unix
        based systems, which usually runs on NetBSD and other
        Unix-flavoured systems, too, sometimes with some
        modifications. The NetBSD Packages Collection (pkgsrc)
        incorporates any such changes necessary to make that
        software run, and makes the installation (and
        de-installation) of the software package easy by means of a
        single command.</p>

        <p>Once the software has been built, it is manipulated with
        the <span><strong class="command">pkg_*</strong></span>
        tools so that installation and de-installation, printing of
        an inventory of all installed packages and retrieval of
        one-line comments or more verbose descriptions are all
        simple.</p>

        <p>pkgsrc currently contains several thousand packages,
        including:</p>

        <div class="itemizedlist">
          <ul type="disc">
            <li>
              <p><a xmlns=
              "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
              "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/www/apache/README.html"
              class="pkgname">www/apache</a> - The Apache web
              server</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><a xmlns=
              "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
              "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/www/mozilla/README.html"
              class="pkgname">www/mozilla</a> - The Mozilla web
              browser</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><a xmlns=
              "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
              "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/meta-pkgs/gnome/README.html"
              class="pkgname">meta-pkgs/gnome</a> - The GNOME
              Desktop Environment</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><a xmlns=
              "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
              "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/meta-pkgs/kde3/README.html"
              class="pkgname">meta-pkgs/kde3</a> - The K Desktop
              Environment</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </div>

        <p>...just to name a few.</p>

        <p>pkgsrc has built-in support for handling varying
        dependencies, such as pthreads and X11, and extended
        features such as IPv6 support on a range of platforms.</p>

        <p>pkgsrc was derived from FreeBSD's ports system, and
        initially developed for NetBSD only. Since then, pkgsrc has
        grown a lot, and now supports the following platforms:</p>

        <div class="itemizedlist">
          <ul type="disc">
            <li>
              <p><a href="http://developer.apple.com/darwin/"
              target="_top">Darwin</a> (<a href=
              "http://www.apple.com/macosx/" target="_top">Mac OS
              X</a>)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><a href="http://www.DragonFlyBSD.org/" target=
              "_top">DragonFlyBSD</a></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/" target=
              "_top">FreeBSD</a></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Microsoft Windows, via <a href=
              "http://www.microsoft.com/windows/sfu/" target=
              "_top">Interix</a></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><a href="http://www.sgi.com/software/irix6.5/"
              target="_top">IRIX</a></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><a href="http://www.linux.org/" target=
              "_top">Linux</a></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><a href="http://www.NetBSD.org/" target=
              "_top">NetBSD</a> (of course)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/" target=
              "_top">OpenBSD</a></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><a href="http://www.sun.com/solaris/" target=
              "_top">Solaris</a></p>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
              "overview" id="overview"></a>1.2.&nbsp;Overview</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <p>This document is divided into two parts. The first,
        <a href="#users-guide" title=
        "Part&nbsp;I.&nbsp;The pkgsrc user's guide">The pkgsrc
        user's guide</a>, describes how one can use one of the
        packages in the Package Collection, either by installing a
        precompiled binary package, or by building one's own copy
        using the NetBSD package system. The second part, <a href=
        "#developers-guide" title=
        "Part&nbsp;II.&nbsp;The pkgsrc developer's guide">The
        pkgsrc developer's guide</a>, explains how to prepare a
        package so it can be easily built by other NetBSD users
        without knowing about the package's building details.</p>

        <p>This document is available in various formats:</p>

        <div class="itemizedlist">
          <ul type="disc">
            <li>
              <p><a href="index.html" target="_top">HTML</a></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><a href="pkgsrc.pdf" target="_top">PDF</a></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><a href="pkgsrc.ps" target="_top">PS</a></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><a href="pkgsrc.txt" target="_top">TXT</a></p>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
              "terminology" id=
              "terminology"></a>1.3.&nbsp;Terminology</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <p>There has been a lot of talk about &#8220;<span class=
        "quote">ports</span>&#8221;, &#8220;<span class=
        "quote">packages</span>&#8221;, etc. so far. Here is a
        description of all the terminology used within this
        document.</p>

        <div class="variablelist">
          <dl>
            <dt><span class="term">Package</span></dt>

            <dd>
              <p>A set of files and building instructions that
              describe what's necessary to build a certain piece of
              software using pkgsrc. Packages are traditionally
              stored under <code class=
              "filename">/usr/pkgsrc</code>.</p>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="term">The NetBSD package
            system</span></dt>

            <dd>
              <p>This is the former name of &#8220;<span class=
              "quote">pkgsrc</span>&#8221;. It is part of the
              NetBSD operating system and can be bootstrap to run
              on non-NetBSD operating systems as well. It handles
              building (compiling), installing, and removing of
              packages.</p>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="term">Distfile</span></dt>

            <dd>
              <p>This term describes the file or files that are
              provided by the author of the piece of software to
              distribute his work. All the changes necessary to
              build on NetBSD are reflected in the corresponding
              package. Usually the distfile is in the form of a
              compressed tar-archive, but other types are possible,
              too. Distfiles are usually stored below <code class=
              "filename">/usr/pkgsrc/distfiles</code>.</p>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="term">Port</span></dt>

            <dd>
              <p>This is the term used by FreeBSD and OpenBSD
              people for what we call a package. In NetBSD
              terminology, &#8220;<span class=
              "quote">port</span>&#8221; refers to a different
              architecture.</p>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="term">Precompiled/binary
            package</span></dt>

            <dd>
              <p>A set of binaries built with pkgsrc from a
              distfile and stuffed together in a single
              <code class="filename">.tgz</code> file so it can be
              installed on machines of the same machine
              architecture without the need to recompile. Packages
              are usually generated in <code class=
              "filename">/usr/pkgsrc/packages</code>; there is also
              an archive on <a href=
              "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/" target=
              "_top">ftp.NetBSD.org</a>.</p>

              <p>Sometimes, this is referred to by the term
              &#8220;<span class="quote">package</span>&#8221; too,
              especially in the context of precompiled
              packages.</p>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="term">Program</span></dt>

            <dd>
              <p>The piece of software to be installed which will
              be constructed from all the files in the Distfile by
              the actions defined in the corresponding package.</p>
            </dd>
          </dl>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
              "typography" id=
              "typography"></a>1.4.&nbsp;Typography</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <p>When giving examples for commands, shell prompts are
        used to show if the command should/can be issued as root,
        or if &#8220;<span class="quote">normal</span>&#8221; user
        privileges are sufficient. We use a <code class=
        "prompt">#</code> for root's shell prompt, and a
        <code class="prompt">$</code> for users' shell prompt,
        assuming they use the C-shell or tcsh.</p>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="part" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
      <div class="titlepage">
        <div>
          <div>
            <h1 class="title"><a name="users-guide" id=
            "users-guide"></a>The pkgsrc user's guide</h1>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="toc">
        <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>

        <dl>
          <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#getting">2. Where to
          get pkgsrc</a></span></dt>

          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2514853">2.1. As
              tar file</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2514870">2.2. Via
              SUP</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2514970">2.3. Via
              CVS</a></span></dt>
            </dl>
          </dd>

          <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#platforms">3. Using
          pkgsrc on systems other than NetBSD</a></span></dt>

          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2515148">3.1.
              Bootstrapping pkgsrc</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2515255">3.2.
              Platform specific notes</a></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2515261">3.2.1. Darwin (Mac OS
                  X)</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2515492">3.2.2. FreeBSD</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2515662">3.2.3. Interix</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2515753">3.2.4. IRIX</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2516280">3.2.5. OpenBSD</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2516392">3.2.6. Solaris</a></span></dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
            </dl>
          </dd>

          <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#using">4. Using
          pkgsrc</a></span></dt>

          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
              "#getting-started">4.1. Working with binary
              packages</a></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2516529">4.1.1. Where to get binary
                  packages</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2516569">4.1.2. How to use binary
                  packages</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2516704">4.1.3. A word of
                  warning</a></span></dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2516715">4.2.
              Building packages from source</a></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2516725">4.2.1. Requirements</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2516745">4.2.2. Fetching
                  distfiles</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2516866">4.2.3. How to build and
                  install</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2517182">4.2.4. Selecting the
                  compiler</a></span></dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
            </dl>
          </dd>

          <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#binary">5. Creating
          binary packages</a></span></dt>

          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2517337">5.1.
              Building a single binary package</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2517825">5.2.
              Settings for creation of binary
              packages</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#bulkbuild">5.3.
              Doing a bulk build of all packages</a></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#binary.configuration">5.3.1.
                  Configuration</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2517964">5.3.2. Other environmental
                  considerations</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2518005">5.3.3. Operation</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2583270">5.3.4. What it does</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2583326">5.3.5. Disk space
                  requirements</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2583421">5.3.6. Setting up a sandbox for
                  chroot'ed builds</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2583785">5.3.7. Building a partial set of
                  packages</a></span></dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2583828">5.4.
              Creating a multiple CD-ROM packages
              collection</a></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2583843">5.4.1. Example of
                  cdpack</a></span></dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
            </dl>
          </dd>

          <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#faq">6. Frequently
          Asked Questions</a></span></dt>

          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584170">6.1. Is
              there a mailing list for pkg-related
              discussion?</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584200">6.2.
              Where's the pkgviews documentation?</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#faq-pkgtools">6.3.
              Utilities for package management
              (pkgtools)</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584453">6.4. How
              to use pkgsrc as non-root</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584465">6.5. How
              can I install/use XFree86 from
              pkgsrc?</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584492">6.6. How
              can I install/use X.org from pkgsrc?</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584520">6.7. How
              to fetch files from behind a firewall</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584534">6.8. How
              do I tell <span><strong class="command">make
              fetch</strong></span> to do passive
              FTP?</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584722">6.9. How
              to fetch all distfiles at once</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584861">6.10.
              What does &#8220;<span class="quote">Don't know how
              to make /usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc</span>&#8221;
              mean?</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584900">6.11.
              What does &#8220;<span class="quote">Could not find
              bsd.own.mk</span>&#8221; mean?</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584957">6.12.
              Using 'sudo' with pkgsrc</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#faq.conf">6.13.
              Configuration files handling and
              placement</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
              "#audit-packages">6.14. Automated security
              checks</a></span></dt>
            </dl>
          </dd>
        </dl>
      </div>

      <div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title"><a name="getting" id=
              "getting"></a>Chapter&nbsp;2.&nbsp;Where to get
              pkgsrc</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="toc">
          <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>

          <dl>
            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2514853">2.1. As
            tar file</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2514870">2.2. Via
            SUP</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2514970">2.3. Via
            CVS</a></span></dt>
          </dl>
        </div>

        <p>There are three ways to get pkgsrc. Either as a tar
        file, via SUP, or via CVS. All three ways are described
        here.</p>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2514853" id="id2514853"></a>2.1.&nbsp;As tar
                file</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>To get pkgsrc going, you need to get the pkgsrc.tar.gz
          file from <a href=
          "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD-current/tar_files/pkgsrc.tar.gz"
          target="_top">ftp.NetBSD.org</a> and unpack it into
          <code class="filename">/usr/pkgsrc</code>.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2514870" id="id2514870"></a>2.2.&nbsp;Via
                SUP</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>As an alternative to the tar file, you can get pkgsrc
          via the Software Update Protocol, SUP. To do so, make
          sure your supfile has a line</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
release=pkgsrc
</pre>

          <p>in it, see the examples in <code class=
          "filename">/usr/share/examples/supfiles</code>, and that
          the <code class="filename">/usr/pkgsrc</code> directory
          exists. Then, simply run <span><strong class=
          "command">sup -v <em class=
          "replaceable"><code>/path/to/your/supfile</code></em></strong></span>.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2514970" id="id2514970"></a>2.3.&nbsp;Via
                CVS</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>To get pkgsrc via CVS, make sure you have
          &#8220;<span class="quote">cvs</span>&#8221; installed.
          If not present on your system, it can be found as
          precompiled binary on ftp.NetBSD.org. To do an initial
          (full) checkout of pkgsrc, do the following steps:</p>
          <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>setenv CVSROOT anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>setenv CVS_RSH ssh</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cd /usr</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cvs checkout -P pkgsrc</code></strong>
</pre>

          <p>This will create the <code class=
          "filename">pkgsrc</code> directory in your <code class=
          "filename">/usr</code>, and all the package source will
          be stored under <code class=
          "filename">/usr/pkgsrc</code>. To update pkgsrc after the
          initial checkout, make sure you have <code class=
          "varname">CVS_RSH</code> set as above, then do:</p>
          <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cd /usr/pkgsrc</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cvs -q update -dP</code></strong>
</pre>

          <p>Please also note that it is possible to have multiple
          copies of the pkgsrc hierarchy in use at any one time -
          all work is done relatively within the pkgsrc tree.</p>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title"><a name="platforms" id=
              "platforms"></a>Chapter&nbsp;3.&nbsp;Using pkgsrc on
              systems other than NetBSD</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="toc">
          <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>

          <dl>
            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2515148">3.1.
            Bootstrapping pkgsrc</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2515255">3.2.
            Platform specific notes</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2515261">3.2.1.
                Darwin (Mac OS X)</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2515492">3.2.2.
                FreeBSD</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2515662">3.2.3.
                Interix</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2515753">3.2.4.
                IRIX</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2516280">3.2.5.
                OpenBSD</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2516392">3.2.6.
                Solaris</a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>
          </dl>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2515148" id=
                "id2515148"></a>3.1.&nbsp;Bootstrapping pkgsrc</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>For Operating Systems other than NetBSD, we provide a
          bootstrap kit to build the required tools to use pkgsrc
          on your platform. Besides support for native NetBSD,
          pkgsrc and the bootstrap kit have support for the
          following operating systems:</p>

          <div class="itemizedlist">
            <ul type="disc">
              <li>
                <p>Darwin (Mac OS X)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>FreeBSD</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Interix (Windows 2000, XP, 2003)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>IRIX</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Linux</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>OpenBSD</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Solaris</p>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </div>

          <p>Support for other platforms is under development.</p>

          <p>Installing the bootstrap kit should be as simple
          as:</p>
          <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>env CVS_RSH=ssh cvs -d anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot checkout pkgsrc</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cd pkgsrc/bootstrap</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>./bootstrap</code></strong>
</pre>

          <p>See <a href="#getting" title=
          "Chapter&nbsp;2.&nbsp;Where to get pkgsrc">Chapter 2,
          <i>Where to get pkgsrc</i></a> for other ways to get
          pkgsrc before bootstrapping. The given
          <span><strong class="command">bootstrap</strong></span>
          command will use the defaults of <code class=
          "filename">/usr/pkg</code> for the <span class=
          "emphasis"><em>prefix</em></span> where programs will be
          installed in, and <code class=
          "filename">/var/db/pkg</code> for the package database
          directory where pkgsrc will do it's internal bookkeeping.
          However, these can also be set using command-line
          parameters.</p>

          <p>Binary packages for the pkgsrc tools and an initial
          set of packages is available for supported platforms. An
          up-to-date list of these can be found on <a href=
          "http://www.pkgsrc.org/" target=
          "_top">www.pkgsrc.org</a>.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2515255" id="id2515255"></a>3.2.&nbsp;Platform
                specific notes</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>Here are some platform-specific notes you should be
          aware of.</p>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2515261" id=
                  "id2515261"></a>3.2.1.&nbsp;Darwin (Mac OS
                  X)</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Darwin 5.x and 6.x are supported. There are two
            methods of using pkgsrc on Mac OS X, by using a
            <a href="#platform.osx-image" title=
            "3.2.1.1.&nbsp;Using a disk image">disk image</a>, or a
            <a href="#platform.osx-ufs" title=
            "3.2.1.2.&nbsp;Using a UFS partition">UFS
            partition</a>.</p>

            <p>Before you start, you will need to download and
            install the Mac OS X Developer Tools from Apple's
            Developer Connection. See <a href=
            "http://developer.apple.com/macosx/" target=
            "_top">http://developer.apple.com/macosx/</a> for
            details. Also, make sure you install X11 for Mac OS X
            and the X11 SDK from <a href=
            "http://www.apple.com/macosx/x11/download/" target=
            "_top">http://www.apple.com/macosx/x11/download/</a> if
            you intend to build packages that use the X11 Window
            System.</p>

            <p>If you already have a UFS partition, or have a spare
            partition that you can format as UFS, it is recommended
            to use that instead of the disk image. It'll be
            somewhat faster and will mount automatically at boot
            time, where you must manually mount a disk image.</p>

            <div class="note" style=
            "margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
              <h3 class="title">Note</h3>

              <p>You cannot use a HFS+ file system for pkgsrc,
              because pkgsrc currently requires the filesystem to
              be case-sensitive, and HFS+ is not.</p>
            </div>

            <div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
              <div class="titlepage">
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <h4 class="title"><a name="platform.osx-image"
                    id="platform.osx-image"></a>3.2.1.1.&nbsp;Using
                    a disk image</h4>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>

              <p>Create the disk image:</p>
              <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cd pkgsrc/bootstrap</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>./ufsdiskimage create ~/Documents/NetBSD 512</code></strong> # megabytes - season to taste
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>./ufsdiskimage mount ~/Documents/NetBSD</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>sudo chown `id -u`:`id -g` /Volumes/NetBSD</code></strong>
</pre>

              <p>That's it!</p>
            </div>

            <div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
              <div class="titlepage">
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <h4 class="title"><a name="platform.osx-ufs"
                    id="platform.osx-ufs"></a>3.2.1.2.&nbsp;Using a
                    UFS partition</h4>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>

              <p>By default, <code class="filename">/usr</code>
              will be on your root file system, normally HFS+. It
              is possible to use the default <span class=
              "emphasis"><em>prefix</em></span> of <code class=
              "filename">/usr/pkg</code> by symlinking <code class=
              "filename">/usr/pkg</code> to a directory on a UFS
              file system. Obviously, another symlink is required
              if you want to place the package database directory
              outside the <span class=
              "emphasis"><em>prefix</em></span>. e.g.</p>
              <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>./bootstrap --pkgdbdir=/usr/pkg/pkgdb --pkgsrcdir=/Volumes/ufs/pkgsrc</code></strong>
</pre>

              <p>If you created your partitions at the time of
              installing Mac OS X and formatted the target
              partition as UFS, it should automatically mount on
              <code class="filename">/Volumes/&lt;volume
              name&gt;</code> when the machine boots. If you are
              (re)formatting a partition as UFS, you need to ensure
              that the partition map correctly reflects
              &#8220;<span class="quote">Apple_UFS</span>&#8221;
              and not &#8220;<span class=
              "quote">Apple_HFS</span>&#8221;.</p>

              <p>The problem is that none of the disk tools will
              let you touch a disk that is booted from. You can
              unmount the partition, but even if you newfs it, the
              partition type will be incorrect and the automounter
              won't mount it. It can be mounted manually, but it
              won't appear in Finder.</p>

              <p>You'll need to boot off of the OS X Installation
              (User) CD. When the Installation program starts, go
              up to the menu and select Disk Utility. Now, you will
              be able to select the partition you want to be UFS,
              and Format it Apple UFS. Quit the Disk Utility, quit
              the installer which will reboot your machine. The new
              UFS file system will appear in Finder.</p>

              <p>Be aware that the permissions on the new file
              system will be writable by root only.</p>

              <p>This note is as of 10.2 (Jaguar) and applies to
              earlier versions. Hopefully Apple will fix Disk
              Utility in 10.3 (Panther).</p>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2515492" id=
                  "id2515492"></a>3.2.2.&nbsp;FreeBSD</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>FreeBSD 4.7 and 5.0 have been tested and are
            supported, other versions may work.</p>

            <p>Care should be taken so that the tools that this kit
            installs do not conflict with the FreeBSD userland
            tools. There are several steps:</p>

            <div class="orderedlist">
              <ol type="1">
                <li>
                  <p>FreeBSD stores its ports pkg database in
                  <code class="filename">/var/db/pkg</code>. It is
                  therefore recommended that you choose a different
                  location (e.g. <code class=
                  "filename">/usr/pkgdb</code>) by using the
                  --pkgdbdir option to the bootstrap script.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>If you do not intend to use the FreeBSD ports
                  tools, it's probably a good idea to move them out
                  of the way to avoid confusion, e.g.</p>
                  <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cd /usr/sbin</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>mv pkg_add pkg_add.orig</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>mv pkg_create pkg_create.orig</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>mv pkg_delete pkg_delete.orig</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>mv pkg_info pkg_info.orig</code></strong>
</pre>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>An example <code class=
                  "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code> file will be
                  placed in <code class=
                  "filename">/etc/mk.conf.example</code> file when
                  you use the bootstrap script.</p>
                </li>
              </ol>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2515662" id=
                  "id2515662"></a>3.2.3.&nbsp;Interix</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Interix is a POSIX compatible subsystem for the
            Windows NT kernel, providing a Unix-like environment
            with a tighter kernel integration than available with
            Cygwin. It is part of the Windows Services for Unix
            package, available for free for any licensed copy of
            Windows 2000, XP, or 2003. SFU can be downloaded from
            <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/windows/sfu/" target=
            "_top">http://www.microsoft.com/windows/sfu/</a>.</p>

            <p>Services for Unix 3.5, current as of this writing,
            has been tested. 3.0 or 3.1 may work, but are not
            officially supported. (The main difference in 3.0/3.1
            is lack of pthreads.)</p>

            <div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
              <div class="titlepage">
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <h4 class="title"><a name=
                    "platform.interix-sfu-install" id=
                    "platform.interix-sfu-install"></a>3.2.3.1.&nbsp;When
                    installing Interix/SFU</h4>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>

              <p>At an absolute minimum, the following packages
              must be installed from the Windows Services for Unix
              3.5 distribution in order to use pkgsrc:</p>

              <div class="itemizedlist">
                <ul type="disc">
                  <li>
                    <p>Utilities -&gt; Base Utilities</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>Interix GNU Components -&gt; (all)</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>Remote Connectivity</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>Interix SDK</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </div>

              <p>When using pkgsrc on Interix, DO NOT install the
              Utilities subcomponent "UNIX Perl". That is Perl 5.6
              without shared module support, installed to
              /usr/local, and will only cause confusion. Instead,
              install Perl 5.8 from pkgsrc (or from a binary
              package).</p>

              <p>The Remote Connectivity subcomponent "Windows
              Remote Shell Service" does not need to be installed,
              but Remote Connectivity itself should be installed in
              order to have a working inetd.</p>

              <p>Finally, during installation you may be asked
              whether to enable setuid behavior for Interix
              programs, and whether to make pathnames default to
              case-sensitive. Setuid should be enabled, and
              case-sensitivity MUST be enabled. (Without
              case-sensitivity, a large number of packages
              including perl will not build.)</p>
            </div>

            <div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
              <div class="titlepage">
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <h4 class="title"><a name=
                    "platform.interix-sfu-postinstall" id=
                    "platform.interix-sfu-postinstall"></a>3.2.3.2.&nbsp;What
                    to do if Interix/SFU is already installed</h4>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>

              <p>If SFU is already installed and you wish to alter
              these settings to work with pkgsrc, note the
              following things.</p>

              <div class="itemizedlist">
                <ul type="disc">
                  <li>
                    <p>To uninstall UNIX Perl, use Add/Remove
                    Programs, select Microsoft Windows Services for
                    UNIX, then click Change. In the installer,
                    choose Add or Remove, then uncheck
                    Utilities-&gt;UNIX Perl.</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>To enable case-sensitivity for the
                    filesystem, run REGEDIT.EXE, and change the
                    following registry key:</p>

                    <p>
                    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session
                    Manager\kernel</p>

                    <p>Set the DWORD value "obcaseinsensitive" to
                    0; then reboot.</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>To enable setuid binaries (optional), run
                    REGEDIT.EXE, and change the following registry
                    key:</p>

                    <p>
                    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Services
                    for UNIX</p>

                    <p>Set the DWORD value "EnableSetuidBinaries"
                    to 1; then reboot.</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </div>
            </div>

            <div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
              <div class="titlepage">
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <h4 class="title"><a name=
                    "platform.interix-notes" id=
                    "platform.interix-notes"></a>3.2.3.3.&nbsp;Important
                    notes for using pkgsrc</h4>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>

              <p>The package imanager (either the pkgsrc "su" user,
              or the user running "pkg_add") must be a member of
              the local Administrators group. Such a user must also
              be used to run the bootstrap. This is slightly
              relaxed from the normal pkgsrc requirement of
              "root".</p>

              <p>The package manager should use a umask of 002.
              "make install" will automatically complain if this is
              not the case. This ensures that directories written
              in /var/db/pkg are Administrators-group
              writeable.</p>

              <p>The popular Interix binary packages from
              http://www.interopsystems.com/ use an older version
              of pkgsrc's pkg_* tools. Ideally, these should NOT be
              used in conjunction with pkgsrc. If you choose to use
              them at the same time as the pkgsrc packages, ensure
              that you use the proper pkg_* tools for each type of
              binary package.</p>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2515753" id=
                  "id2515753"></a>3.2.4.&nbsp;IRIX</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>You will need a working C compiler, either gcc or
            SGI's MIPS and MIPSpro compiler (cc/c89). Please set
            the <code class="varname">CC</code> environment
            variable according to your preference. If you do not
            have a license for the MIPSpro compiler suite, you can
            download a gcc tardist file from <a href=
            "http://freeware.sgi.com/" target=
            "_top">http://freeware.sgi.com/</a>.</p>

            <p>Please note that you will need IRIX 6.5.17 or
            higher, as this is the earliest version of IRIX
            providing support for if_indextoname(3),
            if_nametoindex(3), etc.</p>

            <p>At this point in time, pkgsrc only supports one ABI.
            That is, you can not switch between the old 32-bit ABI,
            the new 32-bit ABI and the 64-bit ABI. If you start out
            using "abi=n32", that's what all your packages will be
            built with.</p>

            <p>Therefore, please make sure that you have no
            conflicting <code class="varname">CFLAGS</code> in your
            environment or the <code class=
            "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code>. Particularly, make sure
            that you do not try to link n32 object files with lib64
            or vice versa. Check your <code class=
            "filename">/etc/compiler.defaults</code>!</p>

            <p>If you have the actual pkgsrc tree mounted via NFS
            from a different host, please make sure to set
            <code class="varname">WRKOBJDIR</code> to a local
            directory, as it appears that IRIX linker occasionally
            runs into issues when trying to link over a network
            mounted filesystem.</p>

            <p>The bootstrapping process should set all the right
            options for programs such as imake(1), but you may want
            to set some options depending on your local setup.
            Please see <code class=
            "filename">pkgsrc/mk/bsd.pkg.defaults.mk</code> and, of
            course, your compilers man pages for details.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2516280" id=
                  "id2516280"></a>3.2.5.&nbsp;OpenBSD</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>OpenBSD 3.0 and 3.2 are tested and supported.</p>

            <p>Care should be taken so that the tools that this kit
            installs do not conflict with the OpenBSD userland
            tools. There are several steps:</p>

            <div class="orderedlist">
              <ol type="1">
                <li>
                  <p>OpenBSD stores its ports pkg database in
                  <code class="filename">/var/db/pkg</code>. It is
                  therefore recommended that you choose a different
                  location (e.g. <code class=
                  "filename">/usr/pkgdb</code>) by using the
                  --pkgdbdir option to the bootstrap script.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>If you do not intend to use the OpenBSD ports
                  tools, it's probably a good idea to move them out
                  of the way to avoid confusion, e.g.</p>
                  <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cd /usr/sbin</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>mv pkg_add pkg_add.orig</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>mv pkg_create pkg_create.orig</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>mv pkg_delete pkg_delete.orig</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>mv pkg_info pkg_info.orig</code></strong>
</pre>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>An example <code class=
                  "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code> file will be
                  placed in <code class=
                  "filename">/etc/mk.conf.example</code> file when
                  you use the bootstrap script. OpenBSD's make
                  program uses <code class=
                  "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code> as well. You can
                  work around this by enclosing all the pkgsrc
                  specific parts of the file with:</p>
                  <pre class="programlisting">
.ifdef BSD_PKG_MK
# pkgsrc stuff, e.g. insert bsd.pkg.defaults.mk or similar here
.else
# OpenBSD stuff
.endif
</pre>
                </li>
              </ol>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2516392" id=
                  "id2516392"></a>3.2.6.&nbsp;Solaris</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Solaris 2.6 through 9 are supported on both x86 and
            sparc. You will need a working C compiler. Both gcc
            2.95.3 and Sun WorkShop 5 have been tested.</p>

            <p>The following packages are required on Solaris 8 for
            the bootstrap process and to build packages.</p>

            <div class="itemizedlist">
              <ul type="disc">
                <li>
                  <p>SUNWsprot</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>SUNWarc</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>SUNWbtool</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>SUNWtoo</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>SUNWlibm</p>
                </li>
              </ul>
            </div>

            <p>Please note the use of GNU binutils on Solaris is
            <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span>
            supported.</p>

            <div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
              <div class="titlepage">
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <h4 class="title"><a name="id2516423" id=
                    "id2516423"></a>3.2.6.1.&nbsp;If you are using
                    gcc</h4>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>

              <p>It makes life much simpler if you only use the
              same gcc consistently for building all packages.</p>

              <p>It is recommended that an external gcc be used
              only for bootstrapping, then either build gcc from
              <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"
              href=
              "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/lang/gcc/README.html"
              class="pkgname">lang/gcc</a> or install a binary gcc
              package, then remove gcc used during
              bootstrapping.</p>

              <p>Binary packages of gcc can be found through
              <a href=
              "http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/common/freewareSearch.html"
              target=
              "_top">http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/common/freewareSearch.html</a>.</p>
            </div>

            <div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
              <div class="titlepage">
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <h4 class="title"><a name="id2516444" id=
                    "id2516444"></a>3.2.6.2.&nbsp;If you are using
                    Sun WorkShop</h4>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>

              <p>You will need at least the following packages
              installed (from WorkShop 5.0)</p>

              <div class="itemizedlist">
                <ul type="disc">
                  <li>
                    <p>SPROcc - Sun WorkShop Compiler C 5.0</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>SPROcpl - Sun WorkShop Compiler C++ 5.0</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>SPROild - Sun WorkShop Incremental
                    Linker</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>SPROlang - Sun WorkShop Compilers common
                    components</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </div>

              <p>You should set <code class="varname">CC</code>,
              <code class="varname">CXX</code> and optionally,
              <code class="varname">CPP</code> in <code class=
              "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code>, eg.</p>
              <pre class="programlisting">
CC=        cc
CXX=    CC
CPP=    /usr/ccs/lib/cpp
</pre>

              <p>You may also want to build 64-bit binaries,
              eg.</p>
              <pre class="programlisting">
CFLAGS= -xtarget=ultra -xarch=v9
</pre>

              <p>Whichever compiler you use, please ensure the
              compiler tools and your $prefix are in your
              <code class="varname">PATH</code>. This includes
              <code class="filename">/usr/ccs/{bin,lib}</code> and
              eg. <code class=
              "filename">/usr/pkg/{bin,sbin}</code>.</p>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title"><a name="using" id=
              "using"></a>Chapter&nbsp;4.&nbsp;Using pkgsrc</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="toc">
          <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>

          <dl>
            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#getting-started">4.1.
            Working with binary packages</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2516529">4.1.1.
                Where to get binary packages</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2516569">4.1.2.
                How to use binary packages</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2516704">4.1.3.
                A word of warning</a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2516715">4.2.
            Building packages from source</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2516725">4.2.1.
                Requirements</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2516745">4.2.2.
                Fetching distfiles</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2516866">4.2.3.
                How to build and install</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2517182">4.2.4.
                Selecting the compiler</a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>
          </dl>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "getting-started" id=
                "getting-started"></a>4.1.&nbsp;Working with binary
                packages</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>This section describes how to find, retrieve and
          install a precompiled binary package that someone else
          already prepared for your type of machine.</p>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2516529" id=
                  "id2516529"></a>4.1.1.&nbsp;Where to get binary
                  packages</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Precompiled packages are stored on ftp.NetBSD.org
            and its mirrors in the directory <code class=
            "filename">/pub/NetBSD/packages</code> for anonymous
            FTP access. Please pick the right subdirectory there as
            indicated by <span><strong class="command">uname
            -p</strong></span>. In that directory, there is a
            subdirectory for each category plus a subdirectory
            <code class="filename">All</code> which includes the
            actual binaries in <code class="filename">.tgz</code>
            files. The category subdirectories use symbolic links
            to those files (this is the same directory layout as in
            <code class=
            "filename">/usr/pkgsrc/packages</code>).</p>

            <p>This same directory layout applies for CDROM
            distributions, only that the directory may be rooted
            somewhere else, probably somewhere below <code class=
            "filename">/cdrom</code>. Please consult your CDROMs
            documentation for the exact location.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2516569" id=
                  "id2516569"></a>4.1.2.&nbsp;How to use binary
                  packages</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>If you have the files on a CDROM or downloaded them
            to your hard disk, youcan install them with the
            following command (be sure to<span><strong class=
            "command">su</strong></span> to root first):</p>
            <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>pkg_add /path/to/package.tgz</code></strong>
</pre>

            <p>If you have FTP access and you don't want to
            download the packages via FTP prior to installation,
            you can do this automatically by giving
            <span><strong class="command">pkg_add</strong></span>
            an FTP URL:</p>
            <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>pkg_add ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/&lt;OSvers&gt;/&lt;arch&gt;/All/package.tgz</code></strong>
</pre>

            <p>If there is any doubt, the uname utility can be used
            to determine the &lt;OSvers&gt;, and &lt;arch&gt; by
            running <span><strong class="command">uname
            -rp</strong></span>.</p>

            <p>Also note that any prerequisite packages needed to
            run the package in question will be installed, too,
            assuming they are present where you install from.</p>

            <p>After you've installed packages, be sure to have
            <code class="filename">/usr/pkg/bin</code> in your
            <code class="varname">PATH</code> so you can actually
            start the just installed program.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2516704" id=
                  "id2516704"></a>4.1.3.&nbsp;A word of
                  warning</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Please pay very careful attention to the warnings
            expressed in the <a href=
            "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?pkg_add+1+NetBSD-current">
            <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
            "refentrytitle">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> manual
            page about the inherent dangers of installing binary
            packages which you did not create yourself, and the
            security holes that can be introduced onto your system
            by indiscriminate adding of such files.</p>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2516715" id="id2516715"></a>4.2.&nbsp;Building
                packages from source</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>This assumes that the package is already in pkgsrc. If
          it is not, see <a href="#developers-guide" title=
          "Part&nbsp;II.&nbsp;The pkgsrc developer's guide">Part&nbsp;II,
          &#8220;The pkgsrc developer's guide&#8221;</a>.</p>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2516725" id=
                  "id2516725"></a>4.2.1.&nbsp;Requirements</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>To build packages from source on a NetBSD system the
            &#8220;<span class="quote">comp</span>&#8221; and the
            &#8220;<span class="quote">text</span>&#8221;
            distribution sets must be installed. If you want to
            build X11 related packages the &#8220;<span class=
            "quote">xbase</span>&#8221; and &#8220;<span class=
            "quote">xcomp</span>&#8221; distribution sets are
            required, too.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2516745" id=
                  "id2516745"></a>4.2.2.&nbsp;Fetching
                  distfiles</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>The distfile (i.e. the unmodified source) must exist
            on your system for the packages system to be able to
            build it. If it does not exist, pkgsrc will use
            <a href="http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?ftp+1+NetBSD-current">
            <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
            "refentrytitle">ftp</span>(1)</span></a> to fetch it
            automatically.</p>

            <p>You can overwrite some of the major distribution
            sites to fit to sites that are close to your own. Have
            a look at <code class=
            "filename">pkgsrc/mk/bsd.pkg.defaults.mk</code> to find
            some examples - in particular, look for the
            <code class="varname">MASTER_SORT</code>, <code class=
            "varname">MASTER_SORT_REGEX</code> and <code class=
            "varname">INET_COUNTRY</code> definitions. This may
            save some of your bandwidth and time.</p>

            <p>You can change these settings either in your shell's
            environment, or, if you want to keep the settings, by
            editing the <code class="filename">/etc/mk.conf</code>
            file, and adding the definitions there.</p>

            <p>If you don't have a permanent Internet connection
            and you want to know which files to download,
            <span><strong class="command">make
            fetch-list</strong></span> will tell you what you'll
            need. Put these distfiles into <code class=
            "filename">/usr/pkgsrc/distfiles</code>.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2516866" id=
                  "id2516866"></a>4.2.3.&nbsp;How to build and
                  install</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Assuming that the distfile has been fetched (see
            previous section), become root and change into the
            relevant directory and running <span><strong class=
            "command">make</strong></span>. For example, type</p>
            <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cd misc/figlet</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
</pre>

            <p>at the shell prompt to build the various components
            of the package, and</p>
            <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make install</code></strong>
</pre>

            <p>to install the various components into the correct
            places on your system. Installing the package on your
            system requires you to be root. However, pkgsrc has a
            <span class="emphasis"><em>just-in-time-su</em></span>
            feature, which allows you to only become root for the
            actual installation step</p>

            <p>Taking the figlet utility as an example, we can
            install it on our system by building as shown in
            <a href="#logs" title=
            "Appendix&nbsp;B.&nbsp;Build logs">Appendix B, <i>Build
            logs</i></a>.</p>

            <p>The program is installed under the default root of
            the packages tree - <code class=
            "filename">/usr/pkg</code>. Should this not conform to
            your tastes, set the <code class=
            "varname">LOCALBASE</code> variable in your
            environment, and it will use that value as the root of
            your packages tree. So, to use <code class=
            "filename">/usr/local</code>, set <code class=
            "varname">LOCALBASE=/usr/local</code> in your
            environment. Please note that you should use a
            directory which is dedicated to packages and not shared
            with other programs (ie, do not try and use
            <code class="varname">LOCALBASE=/usr</code>). Also, you
            should not try to add any of your own files or
            directories (such as <code class=
            "filename">src/</code>, <code class=
            "filename">obj/</code>, or <code class=
            "filename">pkgsrc/</code>) below the <code class=
            "varname">LOCALBASE</code> tree. This is to prevent
            possible conflicts between programs and other files
            installed by the package system and whatever else may
            have been installed there.</p>

            <p>Some packages look in <code class=
            "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code> to alter some
            configuration options at build time. Have a look at
            <code class=
            "filename">pkgsrc/mk/bsd.pkg.defaults.mk</code> to get
            an overview of what will be set there by default.
            Environment variables such as <code class=
            "varname">LOCALBASE</code> can be set in <code class=
            "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code> to save having to
            remember to set them each time you want to use
            pkgsrc.</p>

            <p>Occasionally, people want to &#8220;<span class=
            "quote">look under the covers</span>&#8221; to see what
            is going on when a package is building or being
            installed. This may be for debugging purposes, or out
            of simple curiosity. A number of utility values have
            been added to help with this.</p>

            <div class="orderedlist">
              <ol type="1">
                <li>
                  <p>If you invoke the <a href=
                  "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?make+1+NetBSD-current">
                  <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
                  "refentrytitle">make</span>(1)</span></a> command
                  with <code class=
                  "varname">PKG_DEBUG_LEVEL=2</code>, then a huge
                  amount of information will be displayed. For
                  example,</p>
                  <pre class="screen">
<strong class=
"userinput"><code>make patch PKG_DEBUG_LEVEL=2</code></strong>
</pre>

                  <p>will show all the commands that are invoked,
                  up to and including the &#8220;<span class=
                  "quote">patch</span>&#8221; stage.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>If you want to know the value of a certain
                  make(1) definition, then the <code class=
                  "varname">VARNAME</code> definition should be
                  used, in conjunction with the show-var target.
                  e.g. to show the expansion of the <a href=
                  "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?make+1+NetBSD-current">
                  <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
                  "refentrytitle">make</span>(1)</span></a>
                  variable <code class=
                  "varname">DISTFILES</code>:</p>
                  <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make show-var VARNAME=LOCALBASE</code></strong>
/usr/pkg
<code class="prompt">%</code>
          
</pre>
                </li>
              </ol>
            </div>

            <p>If you want to install a binary package that you've
            either created yourself (see next section), that you
            put into pkgsrc/packages manually or that is located on
            a remote FTP server, you can use the the "bin-install"
            target. This target will install a binary package - if
            available - via <a href=
            "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?pkg_add+1+NetBSD-current">
            <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
            "refentrytitle">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>, else do a
            <span><strong class="command">make
            package</strong></span>. The list of remote FTP sites
            searched is kept in the variable <code class=
            "varname">BINPKG_SITE</code>, which defaults to
            ftp.NetBSD.org. Any flags that should be added to
            <a href=
            "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?pkg_add+1+NetBSD-current">
            <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
            "refentrytitle">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> can be put
            into <code class="varname">BIN_INSTALL_FLAGS</code>.
            See <code class=
            "filename">pkgsrc/mk/bsd.pkg.defaults.mk</code> for
            more details.</p>

            <p>A final word of warning: If you setup a system that
            has a non-standard setting for <code class=
            "varname">LOCALBASE</code>, be sure to set that before
            any packages are installed, as you can not use several
            directories for the same purpose. Doing so will result
            in pkgsrc not being able to properly detect your
            installed packages, and fail miserably. Note also that
            precompiled binary packages are usually built with the
            default <code class="varname">LOCALBASE</code> of
            <code class="filename">/usr/pkg</code>, and that you
            should <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span>
            install any if you use a non-standard <code class=
            "varname">LOCALBASE</code>.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2517182" id=
                  "id2517182"></a>4.2.4.&nbsp;Selecting the
                  compiler</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>By default, pkgsrc will use GCC to build packages.
            This may be overridden by setting the following
            variables in /etc/mk.conf:</p>

            <div class="variablelist">
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="term"><code class=
                "varname">PKGSRC_COMPILER</code>:</span></dt>

                <dd>
                  <p>This is a list of values specifying the chain
                  of compilers to invoke when building packages.
                  Valid values are:</p>

                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                    <ul type="disc">
                      <li>
                        <p><code class="varname">distcc</code>:
                        distributed C/C++ (chainable)</p>
                      </li>

                      <li>
                        <p><code class="varname">ccache</code>:
                        compiler cache (chainable)</p>
                      </li>

                      <li>
                        <p><code class="varname">gcc</code>: GNU
                        C/C++ Compiler</p>
                      </li>

                      <li>
                        <p><code class="varname">mipspro</code>:
                        Silicon Graphics, Inc. MIPSpro
                        (n32/n64)</p>
                      </li>

                      <li>
                        <p><code class="varname">mipspro</code>:
                        Silicon Graphics, Inc. MIPSpro (o32)</p>
                      </li>

                      <li>
                        <p><code class="varname">sunpro</code>:
                        Microsystems, Inc. WorkShip/Forte/Sun ONE
                        Studio</p>
                      </li>
                    </ul>
                  </div>

                  <p>The default is &#8220;<span class=
                  "quote"><code class=
                  "varname">gcc</code></span>&#8221;. You can use
                  <code class="varname">ccache</code> and/or
                  <code class="varname">distcc</code> with an
                  appropriate <code class=
                  "varname">PKGSRC_COMPILER</code> setting, e.g.
                  &#8220;<span class="quote"><code class=
                  "varname">ccache gcc</code></span>&#8221;. This
                  variable should always be terminated with a value
                  for a real compiler.</p>
                </dd>

                <dt><span class="term"><code class=
                "varname">GCC_REQD</code>:</span></dt>

                <dd>
                  <p>This specifies the minimum version of GCC to
                  use when building packages. If the system GCC
                  doesn't satisfy this requirement, then pkgsrc
                  will build and install one of the GCC packages to
                  use instead.</p>
                </dd>
              </dl>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title"><a name="binary" id=
              "binary"></a>Chapter&nbsp;5.&nbsp;Creating binary
              packages</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="toc">
          <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>

          <dl>
            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2517337">5.1.
            Building a single binary package</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2517825">5.2.
            Settings for creation of binary
            packages</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#bulkbuild">5.3. Doing
            a bulk build of all packages</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#binary.configuration">5.3.1.
                Configuration</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2517964">5.3.2.
                Other environmental considerations</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2518005">5.3.3.
                Operation</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2583270">5.3.4.
                What it does</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2583326">5.3.5.
                Disk space requirements</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2583421">5.3.6.
                Setting up a sandbox for chroot'ed
                builds</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2583785">5.3.7.
                Building a partial set of packages</a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2583828">5.4.
            Creating a multiple CD-ROM packages
            collection</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2583843">5.4.1.
                Example of cdpack</a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>
          </dl>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2517337" id="id2517337"></a>5.1.&nbsp;Building a
                single binary package</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>Once you have built and installed a package, you can
          create a <span class="emphasis"><em>binary
          package</em></span> which can be installed on another
          system with <a href=
          "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?pkg_add+1+NetBSD-current">
          <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
          "refentrytitle">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> This saves
          having to build the same package on a group of hosts and
          wasting CPU time. It also provides a simple means for
          others to install your package, should you distribute
          it.</p>

          <p>To create a binary package, change into the
          appropriate directory in pkgsrc, and run
          <span><strong class="command">make
          package</strong></span>:</p>
          <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cd misc/figlet</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make package</code></strong>
</pre>

          <p>This will build and install your package (if not
          already done), and then build a binary package from what
          was installed. You can then use the <span><strong class=
          "command">pkg_*</strong></span> tools to manipulate it.
          Binary packages are created by default in <code class=
          "filename">/usr/pkgsrc/packages</code>, in the form of a
          gzipped tar file. See <a href="#logs.package" title=
          "B.2.&nbsp;Packaging figlet">Section B.2,
          &#8220;Packaging figlet&#8221;</a> for a continuation of
          the above <a xmlns=
          "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
          "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/misc/figlet/README.html"
          class="pkgname">misc/figlet</a> example.</p>

          <p>See <a href="#submit" title=
          "Chapter&nbsp;14.&nbsp;Submitting and Committing">Chapter
          14, <i>Submitting and Committing</i></a> for information
          on how to submit such a binary package.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2517825" id="id2517825"></a>5.2.&nbsp;Settings
                for creation of binary packages</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>See <a href="#build.helpful-targets" title=
          "11.3.&nbsp;Other helpful targets">Section&nbsp;11.3,
          &#8220;Other helpful targets&#8221;</a>.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "bulkbuild" id="bulkbuild"></a>5.3.&nbsp;Doing a
                bulk build of all packages</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>If you want to get a full set of precompiled binary
          packages, this section describes how to get them. Beware
          that the bulk build will remove all currently installed
          packages from your system! Having a FTP server configured
          either on the machine doing the bulk builds or on a
          nearby NFS server can help to make the packages available
          to everyone. See <a href=
          "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?ftpd+8+NetBSD-current">
          <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
          "refentrytitle">ftpd</span>(8)</span></a> for more
          information. If you use a remote NFS server's storage, be
          sure to not actually compile on NFS storage, as this
          slows things down a lot.</p>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="binary.configuration"
                  id=
                  "binary.configuration"></a>5.3.1.&nbsp;Configuration</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
              <div class="titlepage">
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <h4 class="title"><a name="binary.mk.conf" id=
                    "binary.mk.conf"></a>5.3.1.1.&nbsp;/etc/mk.conf</h4>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>

              <p>You may want to set things in <code class=
              "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code>. Look at <code class=
              "filename">pkgsrc/mk/bsd.pkg.defaults.mk</code> for
              details of the default settings. You will want to
              ensure that <code class=
              "varname">ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES</code> meet your local
              policy. As used in this example, <code class=
              "varname">_ACCEPTABLE=yes</code> accepts <span class=
              "emphasis"><em>all</em></span> licenses.</p>
              <pre class="programlisting">
PACKAGES?=      ${_PKGSRCDIR}/packages/${MACHINE_ARCH}
WRKOBJDIR?=     /usr/tmp/pkgsrc   # build here instead of in pkgsrc
BSDSRCDIR=      /usr/src
BSDXSRCDIR=     /usr/xsrc         # for x11/xservers
OBJHOSTNAME?=   yes               # use work.`hostname`
FAILOVER_FETCH= yes               # insist on the correct checksum
PKG_DEVELOPER?= yes
_ACCEPTABLE=    yes
</pre>
            </div>

            <div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
              <div class="titlepage">
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <h4 class="title"><a name="id2517889" id=
                    "id2517889"></a>5.3.1.2.&nbsp;<code class=
                    "filename">build.conf</code></h4>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>

              <p>In <code class="filename">pkgsrc/mk/bulk</code>,
              copy <code class="filename">build.conf-example</code>
              to <code class="filename">build.conf</code> and edit
              it, following the comments in that file. This is the
              config file that determines where log files are
              generated after the build, where to mail the build
              report to, where your pkgsrc tree is located and
              which user to <a href=
              "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?su+8+NetBSD-current">
              <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
              "refentrytitle">su</span>(8)</span></a> to to do a
              <span><strong class="command">cvs
              update</strong></span>.</p>
            </div>

            <div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
              <div class="titlepage">
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <h4 class="title"><a name="id2517925" id=
                    "id2517925"></a>5.3.1.3.&nbsp;<code class=
                    "filename">pre-build.local</code></h4>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>

              <p>It is possible to configure the bulk build to
              perform certain site specific tasks at the end of the
              pre-build stage. If the file <code class=
              "filename">pre-build.local</code> exists in
              <code class="filename">/usr/pkgsrc/mk/bulk</code> it
              will be executed (as a sh(1) script) at the end of
              the usual pre-build stage. An example use of
              <code class="filename">pre-build.local</code> is to
              have the line:</p>
              <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>echo "I do not have enough disk space to build this pig." \
    &gt; pkgsrc/games/crafty-book-enormous/$BROKENF</code></strong>
</pre>

              <p>to prevent the system from trying to build a
              particular package which requires nearly 3 GB of disk
              space.</p>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2517964" id=
                  "id2517964"></a>5.3.2.&nbsp;Other environmental
                  considerations</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>As <code class="filename">/usr/pkg</code> will be
            completely deleted at the start of bulk builds, make
            sure your login shell is placed somewhere else. Either
            drop it into <code class=
            "filename">/usr/local/bin</code> (and adjust your login
            shell in the passwd file), or (re-)install it via
            <a href=
            "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?pkg_add+1+NetBSD-current">
            <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
            "refentrytitle">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> from
            <code class="filename">/etc/rc.local</code>, so you can
            login after a reboot (remember that your current
            process won't die if the package is removed, you just
            can't start any new instances of the shell any more).
            Also, if you use NetBSD earlier than 1.5, or you still
            want to use the pkgsrc version of ssh for some reason,
            be sure to install ssh before starting it from
            <code class="filename">rc.local</code>:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
( cd /usr/pkgsrc/security/ssh ; make bulk-install )
if [ -f /usr/pkg/etc/rc.d/sshd ]; then
    /usr/pkg/etc/rc.d/sshd
fi
</pre>

            <p>Not doing so will result in you being not able to
            log in via ssh after the bulk build is finished or if
            the machine gets rebooted or crashes. You have been
            warned! :)</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2518005" id=
                  "id2518005"></a>5.3.3.&nbsp;Operation</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Make sure you don't need any of the packages still
            installed.</p>

            <div class="warning" style=
            "margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
              <h3 class="title">Warning</h3>

              <p>During the bulk build, <span class=
              "emphasis"><em>all packages will be
              removed!</em></span></p>
            </div>

            <p>Be sure to remove all other things that might
            interfere with builds, like some libs installed in
            <code class="filename">/usr/local</code>, etc. then
            become root and type:</p>
            <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cd /usr/pkgsrc</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>sh mk/bulk/build</code></strong>
</pre>

            <p>If for some reason your last build didn't complete
            (power failure, system panic, ...), you can continue it
            by running:</p>
            <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>sh mk/bulk/build restart</code></strong>
</pre>

            <p>At the end of the bulk build, you will get a summary
            via mail, and find build logs in the directory
            specified by <code class="varname">FTP</code> in the
            <code class="filename">build.conf</code> file.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2583270" id=
                  "id2583270"></a>5.3.4.&nbsp;What it does</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>The bulk builds consist of three steps:</p>

            <div class="variablelist">
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="term">1. pre-build</span></dt>

                <dd>
                  <p>The script updates your pkgsrc tree via
                  (anon)cvs, then cleans out any broken distfiles,
                  and removes all packages installed.</p>
                </dd>

                <dt><span class="term">2. the bulk
                build</span></dt>

                <dd>
                  <p>This is basically &#8220;<span class=
                  "quote">make bulk-package</span>&#8221; with an
                  optimised order in which packages will be built.
                  Packages that don't require other packages will
                  be built first, and packages with many
                  dependencies will be built later.</p>
                </dd>

                <dt><span class="term">3. post-build</span></dt>

                <dd>
                  <p>Generates a report that's placed in the
                  directory specified in the <code class=
                  "filename">build.conf</code> file named
                  <code class="filename">broken.html</code>, a
                  short version of that report will also be mailed
                  to the build's admin.</p>
                </dd>
              </dl>
            </div>

            <p>During the build, a list of broken packages will be
            compiled in <code class=
            "filename">/usr/pkgsrc/.broken</code> (or <code class=
            "filename">.../.broken.${MACHINE}</code> if
            <code class="varname">OBJMACHINE</code> is set),
            individual build logs of broken builds can be found in
            the package's directory. These files are used by the
            bulk-targets to mark broken builds to not waste time
            trying to rebuild them, and they can be used to debug
            these broken package builds later.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2583326" id=
                  "id2583326"></a>5.3.5.&nbsp;Disk space
                  requirements</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Currently, roughly the following requirements are
            valid for NetBSD 2.0/i386:</p>

            <div class="itemizedlist">
              <ul type="disc">
                <li>
                  <p>10 GB - distfiles (NFS ok)</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>8 GB - full set of all binaries (NFS ok)</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>5 GB - temp space for compiling (local disk
                  recommended)</p>
                </li>
              </ul>
            </div>

            <p>Note that all pkgs will be de-installed as soon as
            they are turned into a binary package, and that sources
            are removed, so there is no excessively huge demand to
            disk space. Afterwards, if the package is needed again,
            it will be installed via <a href=
            "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?pkg_add+1+NetBSD-current">
            <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
            "refentrytitle">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> instead of
            building again, so there are no cycles wasted by
            recompiling.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2583421" id=
                  "id2583421"></a>5.3.6.&nbsp;Setting up a sandbox
                  for chroot'ed builds</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>If you don't want all the pkgs nuked from a machine
            (rendering it useless for anything but pkg compiling),
            there is the possibility of doing the pkg bulk build
            inside a chroot environment.</p>

            <p>The first step to do so is setting up a chroot
            sandbox, e.g. <code class=
            "filename">/usr/sandbox</code>. After extracting all
            the sets from a NetBSD installation or doing a
            <span><strong class="command">make distribution
            DESTDIR=/usr/sandbox</strong></span> in <code class=
            "filename">/usr/src/etc</code>, be sure the following
            items are present and properly configured:</p>

            <div class="procedure">
              <ol type="1">
                <li>
                  <p>Kernel</p>
                  <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cp /netbsd /usr/sandbox</code></strong>
</pre>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p><code class="filename">/dev/*</code></p>
                  <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cd /usr/sandbox/dev ; sh MAKEDEV all</code></strong>
</pre>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
                  (for <a xmlns=
                  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                  "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/security/smtpd/README.html"
                  class="pkgname">security/smtpd</a> and mail):</p>
                  <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cp /etc/resolv.conf /usr/sandbox/etc</code></strong>
</pre>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Working(!) mail config (hostname,
                  sendmail.cf):</p>
                  <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cp /etc/mail/sendmail.cf /usr/sandbox/etc/mail</code></strong>
</pre>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p><code class="filename">/etc/localtime</code>
                  (for <a xmlns=
                  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                  "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/security/smtpd/README.html"
                  class="pkgname">security/smtpd</a>):</p>
                  <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC /usr/sandbox/etc/localtime</code></strong>
</pre>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p><code class="filename">/usr/src</code> (system
                  sources, for <a xmlns=
                  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                  "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/sysutils/aperture/README.html"
                  class="pkgname">sysutils/aperture</a>, <a xmlns=
                  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                  "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/net/ppp-mppe/README.html"
                  class="pkgname">net/ppp-mppe</a>):</p>
                  <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>ln -s ../disk1/cvs .</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>ln -s cvs/src-1.6 src</code></strong>
</pre>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Create <code class=
                  "filename">/var/db/pkg</code> (not part of
                  default install):</p>
                  <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>mkdir /usr/sandbox/var/db/pkg</code></strong>
</pre>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Create <code class="filename">/usr/pkg</code>
                  (not part of default install):</p>
                  <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>mkdir /usr/sandbox/usr/pkg</code></strong>
</pre>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Checkout pkgsrc via cvs into <code class=
                  "filename">/usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc</code>:</p>
                  <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cd /usr/sandbox/usr</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cvs -d anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot checkout -d -P pkgsrc</code></strong>
</pre>

                  <p>Do not mount/link this to the copy of your
                  pkgsrc tree you do development in, as this will
                  likely cause problems!</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Make <code class=
                  "filename">/usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc/packages</code>
                  and <code class="filename">.../distfiles</code>
                  point somewhere appropriate. NFS- and/or
                  nullfs-mounts may come in handy!</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Edit <code class=
                  "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code>, see <a href=
                  "#binary.mk.conf" title=
                  "5.3.1.1.&nbsp;/etc/mk.conf">Section&nbsp;5.3.1.1,
                  &#8220;/etc/mk.conf&#8221;</a>.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Adjust <code class=
                  "filename">mk/bulk/build.conf</code> to suit your
                  needs.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>If you have set <code class=
                  "varname">CVS_USER</code> in <code class=
                  "filename">build.conf</code>, make sure that
                  account exists and can do a <span><strong class=
                  "command">cvs ${CVS_FLAGS} update</strong></span>
                  properly!</p>
                </li>
              </ol>
            </div>

            <p>When the chroot sandbox is setup, you can start the
            build with the following steps:</p>
            <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cd /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>sh mk/bulk/do-sandbox-build</code></strong>
</pre>

            <p>This will just jump inside the sandbox and start
            building. At the end of the build, mail will be sent
            with the results of the build. Created binary pkgs will
            be in <code class=
            "filename">/usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc/packages</code>
            (wherever that points/mounts to/from).</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2583785" id=
                  "id2583785"></a>5.3.7.&nbsp;Building a partial
                  set of packages</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>In addition to building a complete set of all
            packages in pkgsrc, the <code class=
            "filename">pkgsrc/mk/bulk/build</code> script may be
            used to build a subset of the packages contained in
            pkgsrc. By setting defining <code class=
            "varname">SPECIFIC_PKGS</code> in <code class=
            "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code>, the variables</p>

            <div class="itemizedlist">
              <ul type="disc">
                <li>
                  <p>SITE_SPECIFIC_PKGS</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>HOST_SPECIFIC_PKGS</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>GROUP_SPECIFIC_PKGS</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>USER_SPECIFIC_PKGS</p>
                </li>
              </ul>
            </div>

            <p>will define the set of packages which should be
            built. The bulk build code will also include any
            packages which are needed as dependencies for the
            explicitly listed packages.</p>

            <p>One use of this is to do a bulk build with
            <code class="varname">SPECIFIC_PKGS</code> in a chroot
            sandbox periodically to have a complete set of the
            binary packages needed for your site available without
            the overhead of building extra packages that are not
            needed.</p>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2583828" id="id2583828"></a>5.4.&nbsp;Creating a
                multiple CD-ROM packages collection</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>After your pkgsrc bulk-build has completed, you may
          wish to create a CD-ROM set of the resulting binary
          packages to assist in installing packages on other
          machines. The <a xmlns=
          "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
          "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/cdpack/README.html"
          class="pkgname">pkgtools/cdpack</a> package provides a
          simple tool for creating the ISO 9660 images.
          <span><strong class="command">cdpack</strong></span>
          arranges the packages on the CD-ROMs in a way that keeps
          all the dependencies for given package on the same CD as
          that package.</p>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2583843" id=
                  "id2583843"></a>5.4.1.&nbsp;Example of
                  cdpack</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Complete documentation for cdpack is found in the
            cdpack(1) manpage. The following short example assumes
            that the binary packages are left in <code class=
            "filename">/usr/pkgsrc/packages/All</code> and that
            sufficient disk space exists in <code class=
            "filename">/u2</code> to hold the ISO 9660 images.</p>
            <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>mkdir /u2/images</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>pkg_add /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All/cdpack</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cdpack /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All /u2/images</code></strong>
</pre>

            <p>If you wish to include a common set of files
            (<code class="filename">COPYRIGHT</code>, <code class=
            "filename">README</code>, etc.) on each CD in the
            collection, then you need to create a directory which
            contains these files. e.g.</p>
            <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>mkdir /tmp/common</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>echo "This is a README" &gt; /tmp/common/README</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>echo "Another file" &gt; /tmp/common/COPYING</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>mkdir /tmp/common/bin</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>echo "#!/bin/sh" &gt; /tmp/common/bin/myscript</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>echo "echo Hello world" &gt;&gt; /tmp/common/bin/myscript</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>chmod 755 /tmp/common/bin/myscript</code></strong>
</pre>

            <p>Now create the images:</p>
            <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cdpack -x /tmp/common /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All /u2/images</code></strong>
</pre>

            <p>Each image will contain <code class=
            "filename">README</code>, <code class=
            "filename">COPYING</code>, and <code class=
            "filename">bin/myscript</code> in their root
            directories.</p>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title"><a name="faq" id=
              "faq"></a>Chapter&nbsp;6.&nbsp;Frequently Asked
              Questions</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="toc">
          <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>

          <dl>
            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584170">6.1. Is
            there a mailing list for pkg-related
            discussion?</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584200">6.2.
            Where's the pkgviews documentation?</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#faq-pkgtools">6.3.
            Utilities for package management
            (pkgtools)</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584453">6.4. How
            to use pkgsrc as non-root</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584465">6.5. How
            can I install/use XFree86 from pkgsrc?</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584492">6.6. How
            can I install/use X.org from pkgsrc?</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584520">6.7. How
            to fetch files from behind a firewall</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584534">6.8. How
            do I tell <span><strong class="command">make
            fetch</strong></span> to do passive
            FTP?</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584722">6.9. How
            to fetch all distfiles at once</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584861">6.10. What
            does &#8220;<span class="quote">Don't know how to make
            /usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc</span>&#8221;
            mean?</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584900">6.11. What
            does &#8220;<span class="quote">Could not find
            bsd.own.mk</span>&#8221; mean?</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2584957">6.12.
            Using 'sudo' with pkgsrc</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#faq.conf">6.13.
            Configuration files handling and
            placement</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#audit-packages">6.14.
            Automated security checks</a></span></dt>
          </dl>
        </div>

        <p>This section contains hints, tips &amp; tricks on
        special things in pkgsrc that we didn't find a better place
        for in the previous chapters, and it contains items for
        both pkgsrc users and developers.</p>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2584170" id="id2584170"></a>6.1.&nbsp;Is there a
                mailing list for pkg-related discussion?</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>Yes, <code class="email">&lt;<a href=
          "mailto:tech-pkg@NetBSD.org">tech-pkg@NetBSD.org</a>&gt;</code>
          is the list for discussing package related issues. To
          subscribe do:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
<code class=
"prompt">%</code> echo subscribe tech-pkg | mail majordomo@NetBSD.org
</pre>

          <p>An archive of the list is available at <a href=
          "http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/tech-pkg/" target=
          "_top">http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/tech-pkg/</a>.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2584200" id="id2584200"></a>6.2.&nbsp;Where's
                the pkgviews documentation?</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>Pkgviews is tightly integrated with buildlink. You can
          find a pkgviews User's guide in <code class=
          "filename">pkgsrc/mk/buildlink3/PKGVIEWS_UG</code>.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "faq-pkgtools" id=
                "faq-pkgtools"></a>6.3.&nbsp;Utilities for package
                management (pkgtools)</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>The <code class="filename">pkgsrc/pkgtools</code>
          directory pkgtools contains a number of useful utilities
          for both users and developers of pkgsrc. This section
          attempts only to make the reader aware of the utilities
          and when they might be useful, and not to duplicate the
          documentation that comes with each package.</p>

          <p>Utilities used by pkgsrc (automatically installed when
          needed):</p>

          <div class="itemizedlist">
            <ul type="disc">
              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/x11-links/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/x11-links</a>: symlinks
                for use by buildlink</p>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </div>

          <p>OS tool augmentation (automatically installed when
          needed):</p>

          <div class="itemizedlist">
            <ul type="disc">
              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/digest/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/digest</a>: calculates
                SHA1 checksums (and other kinds)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/libnbcompat/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/libnbcompat</a>: compat
                library for pkg tools</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/mtree/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/mtree</a>: installed on
                non-BSD systems due to lack of native mtree</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkg_install/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/pkg_install</a>:
                up-to-date replacement for /usr/sbin/pkg_install,
                or for use on operating systems where pkg_install
                is not present</p>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </div>

          <p>Utilities used by pkgsrc (not automatically
          installed):</p>

          <div class="itemizedlist">
            <ul type="disc">
              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkg_tarup/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/pkg_tarup</a>: create a
                binary package from an already-installed package.
                used by 'make replace' to save the old package</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/dfdisk/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/dfdisk</a>: adds extra
                functionality to pkgsrc, allowing it to fetch
                distfiles from multiple locations. It currently
                supports the following methods: multiple CD-ROMs
                and network FTP/HTTP connections.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/xpkgwedge/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/xpkgwedge</a>: put X11
                packages someplace else (enabled by default)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/devel/cpuflags/README.html"
                class="pkgname">devel/cpuflags</a>: will determine
                the best compiler flags to optimise code for your
                current CPU and compiler.</p>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </div>

          <p>Utilities for keeping track of installed packages,
          being up to date, etc:</p>

          <div class="itemizedlist">
            <ul type="disc">
              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkg_chk/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/pkg_chk</a>: installs
                pkg_chk, which reports on packages whose installed
                versions do not match the latest pkgsrc entries</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkgdep/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/pkgdep</a>: makes
                dependency graphs of packages, to aid in choosing a
                strategy for updating</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkgdepgraph/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/pkgdepgraph</a>: make
                graph from above (uses graphviz)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkglint/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/pkglint</a>: This provides
                two distinct abilities: check a pkgsrc entry for
                correctness (pkglint) check for and remove
                out-of-date distfiles and binary packages
                (lintpkgsrc)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkgsurvey/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/pkgsurvey</a>: report what
                packages you have installed</p>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </div>

          <p>Utilities for people maintaining or creating
          individual packages:</p>

          <div class="itemizedlist">
            <ul type="disc">
              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkgdiff/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/pkgdiff</a>: automate
                making and maintaining patches for a package
                (includes pkgdiff, pkgvi, mkpatches, ...)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/rpm2pkg/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/rpm2pkg</a>, <a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/url2pkg/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/url2pkg</a>: aids in
                converting to pkgsrc</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/gensolpkg/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/gensolpkg</a>: convert
                pkgsrc to a Solaris package</p>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </div>

          <p>Utilities for people maintaining pkgsrc (or more
          obscure pkg utilities)</p>

          <div class="itemizedlist">
            <ul type="disc">
              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkgconflict/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/pkgconflict</a>: find
                packages that conflict but aren't marked as
                such</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkg_comp/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/pkg_comp</a>: build
                packages in a chrooted area</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/libkver/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/libkver</a>: spoof kernel
                version for chrooted cross builds</p>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2584453" id="id2584453"></a>6.4.&nbsp;How to use
                pkgsrc as non-root</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>If you want to use pkgsrc as non-root user, you can
          set some variables to make pkgsrc work under these
          conditions. Please see <a href=
          "http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/tech-pkg/2003/09/27/0023.html"
          target="_top">this message</a> for more details.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2584465" id="id2584465"></a>6.5.&nbsp;How can I
                install/use XFree86 from pkgsrc?</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>If you want to use XFree86 from pkgsrc instead of your
          system's own X11 (<code class=
          "filename">/usr/X11R6</code>, <code class=
          "filename">/usr/openwin</code>, ...), you will have to
          add the following lines into <code class=
          "filename">mk.conf</code>:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
      X11_TYPE=XFree86
    
</pre>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2584492" id="id2584492"></a>6.6.&nbsp;How can I
                install/use X.org from pkgsrc?</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>If you want to use X.org from pkgsrc instead of your
          system's own X11 (<code class=
          "filename">/usr/X11R6</code>, <code class=
          "filename">/usr/openwin</code>, ...) you will have to add
          the following lines into <code class=
          "filename">mk.conf</code>:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
      X11_TYPE=xorg
    
</pre>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2584520" id="id2584520"></a>6.7.&nbsp;How to
                fetch files from behind a firewall</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>If you are sitting behind a firewall which does not
          allow direct connections to Internet hosts (i.e.
          non-NAT), you may specify the relevant proxy hosts. This
          is done using an environment variable in the form of a
          URL e.g. in Amdahl, the machine &#8220;<span class=
          "quote">orpheus.amdahl.com</span>&#8221; is one of the
          firewalls, and it uses port 80 as the proxy port number.
          So the proxy environment variables are:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
  ftp_proxy=ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/
http_proxy=http://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/
</pre>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2584534" id="id2584534"></a>6.8.&nbsp;How do I
                tell <span><strong class="command">make
                fetch</strong></span> to do passive FTP?</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>This depends on which utility is used to retrieve
          distfiles. From <code class="filename">bsd.pkg.mk</code>,
          <code class="varname">FETCH_CMD</code> is assigned the
          first available command from the following list:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
${LOCALBASE}/bin/ftp
/usr/bin/ftp
</pre>

          <p>On a default NetBSD installation, this will be
          <code class="filename">/usr/bin/ftp</code>, which
          automatically tries passive connections first, and falls
          back to active connections if the server refuses to do
          passive. For the other tools, add the following to your
          <code class="filename">/etc/mk.conf</code> file:
          <code class="varname">PASSIVE_FETCH=1</code>.</p>

          <p>Having that option present will prevent <code class=
          "filename">/usr/bin/ftp</code> from falling back to
          active transfers.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2584722" id="id2584722"></a>6.9.&nbsp;How to
                fetch all distfiles at once</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>You would like to download all the distfiles in a
          single batch from work or university, where you can't run
          a <span><strong class="command">make
          fetch</strong></span>. There is an archive of distfiles
          on <a href=
          "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles/"
          target="_top">ftp.NetBSD.org</a>, but downloading the
          entire directory may not be appropriate.</p>

          <p>The answer here is to do a <span><strong class=
          "command">make fetch-list</strong></span> in <code class=
          "filename">/usr/pkgsrc</code> or one of it's
          subdirectories, carry the resulting list to your machine
          at work/school and use it there If you don't have a
          NetBSD-compatible ftp(1) (like lukemftp) at work, don't
          forget to set <code class="varname">FETCH_CMD</code> to
          something that fetches a URL:</p>

          <p>At home:</p>
          <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cd /usr/pkgsrc</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make fetch-list FETCH_CMD=wget DISTDIR=/tmp/distfiles &gt;/tmp/fetch.sh</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>scp /tmp/fetch.sh work:/tmp</code></strong>
</pre>

          <p>At work:</p>
          <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>sh /tmp/fetch.sh</code></strong>
</pre>

          <p>then tar up <code class=
          "filename">/tmp/distfiles</code> and take it home.</p>

          <p>If you have a machine running NetBSD, and you want to
          get <span class="emphasis"><em>all</em></span> distfiles
          (even ones that aren't for your machine architecture),
          you can do so by using the above-mentioned
          <span><strong class="command">make
          fetch-list</strong></span> approach, or fetch the
          distfiles directly by running:</p>
          <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make mirror-distfiles</code></strong>
</pre>

          <p>If you even decide to ignore <code class=
          "varname">NO_{SRC,BIN}_ON_{FTP,CDROM}</code>, then you
          can get everything by running:</p>
          <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make fetch NO_SKIP=yes</code></strong>
</pre>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2584861" id="id2584861"></a>6.10.&nbsp;What does
                &#8220;<span class="quote">Don't know how to make
                /usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc</span>&#8221; mean?</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>When compiling the <a xmlns=
          "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
          "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkg_install/README.html"
          class="pkgname">pkgtools/pkg_install</a> package, you get
          the error from make that it doesn't know how to make
          <code class="filename">/usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc</code>?
          This indicates that you don't have installed the
          &#8220;<span class="quote">text</span>&#8221; set on your
          machine (nroff, ...). It is recommended to do that to
          format manpages.</p>

          <p>In the case of the <a xmlns=
          "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
          "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkg_install/README.html"
          class="pkgname">pkgtools/pkg_install</a> package, you can
          get away with setting <code class=
          "varname">NOMAN=YES</code> either in the environment or
          in <code class="filename">/etc/mk.conf</code>.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2584900" id="id2584900"></a>6.11.&nbsp;What does
                &#8220;<span class="quote">Could not find
                bsd.own.mk</span>&#8221; mean?</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>You didn't install the compiler set, <code class=
          "filename">comp.tgz</code>, when you installed your
          NetBSD machine. Please get it and install it, by
          extracting it in <code class="filename">/</code>:</p>
          <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cd /</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>tar --unlink -zxvpf .../comp.tgz</code></strong>
</pre>

          <p><code class="filename">comp.tgz</code> is part of
          every NetBSD release. Get the one that corresponds to
          your release (determine via <span><strong class=
          "command">uname -r</strong></span>).</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2584957" id="id2584957"></a>6.12.&nbsp;Using
                'sudo' with pkgsrc</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>When installing packages as non-root user and using
          the just-in-time su(1) feature of pkgsrc, it can become
          annoying to type in the root password for each required
          package installed. To avoid this, the sudo package can be
          used, which does password caching over a limited time. To
          use it, install sudo (either as binary package or from
          <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
          "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/security/sudo/README.html"
          class="pkgname">security/sudo</a>) and then put the
          following into your <code class=
          "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code>:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
        .if exists(/usr/pkg/bin/sudo)
        SU_CMD=/usr/pkg/bin/sudo /bin/sh -c
        .endif
    
</pre>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "faq.conf" id=
                "faq.conf"></a>6.13.&nbsp;Configuration files
                handling and placement</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>The global variable <code class=
          "varname">PKG_SYSCONFBASE</code> (and some others) can be
          set by the system administrator in <code class=
          "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code> to define the place where
          configuration files get installed. Therefore, packages
          must be adapted to support this feature. Keep in mind
          that you should only install files that are strictly
          necessary in the configuration directory, files that can
          go to <code class="filename">$PREFIX/share</code> should
          go there.</p>

          <p>We will take a look at available variables first
          (<code class="filename">bsd.pkg.mk</code> contains more
          information). <code class="varname">PKG_SYSCONFDIR</code>
          is where the configuration files for a package may be
          found (that is, the full path, e.g. <code class=
          "filename">/etc</code> or <code class=
          "filename">/usr/pkg/etc</code>). This value may be
          customized in various ways:</p>

          <div class="orderedlist">
            <ol type="1">
              <li>
                <p><code class="varname">PKG_SYSCONFBASE</code> is
                the main config directory under which all package
                configuration files are to be found. Users will
                typically want to set it to <code class=
                "filename">/etc</code>, or accept the default
                location of <code class=
                "filename">$PREFIX/etc</code>.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><code class="varname">PKG_SYSCONFSUBDIR</code>
                is the subdirectory of <code class=
                "varname">PKG_SYSCONFBASE</code> under which the
                configuration files for a particular package may be
                found. Defaults to <code class=
                "varname">${SYSCONFBASE}</code>.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><code class="varname">PKG_SYSCONFVAR</code> is
                the special suffix used to distinguish any
                overriding values for a particular package (see
                next item). It defaults to <code class=
                "varname">${PKGBASE}</code>, but for a collection
                of related packages that should all have the same
                <code class="varname">PKG_SYSCONFDIR</code> value,
                it can be set in each of the package Makefiles to a
                common value.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><code class=
                "varname">PKG_SYSCONFDIR.${PKG_SYSCONFVAR}</code>
                overrides the value of <code class=
                "varname">${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}</code> for packages
                with the same value for <code class=
                "varname">PKG_SYSCONFVAR</code>.</p>

                <p>As an example, all the various KDE packages may
                want to set <code class=
                "varname">PKG_SYSCONFVAR</code> to
                &#8220;<span class="quote">kde</span>&#8221; so
                admins can set <code class=
                "varname">PKG_SYSCONFDIR.kde</code> in <code class=
                "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code> to define where to
                install KDE config files.</p>
              </li>
            </ol>
          </div>

          <p>Programs' configuration directory should be defined
          during the configure stage. Packages that use GNU
          autoconf can usually do this by using the
          &#8220;<span class="quote">--sysconfdir</span>&#8221;
          parameter, but this brings some problems as we will see
          now. When you change this pathname in packages, you
          should not allow them to install files in that directory
          directly. Instead they need to install those files under
          <code class="filename">share/examples/${PKGNAME}</code>
          so <code class="filename">PLIST</code> can register
          them.</p>

          <p>Once you have the required configuration files in
          place (under the <code class=
          "filename">share/examples</code> directory) the variable
          <code class="varname">CONF_FILES</code> should be set to
          copy them into <code class=
          "varname">PKG_SYSCONFDIR</code>. The contents of this
          variable is formed by pairs of filenames; the first
          element of the pair specifies the file inside the
          examples directory (registered by <code class=
          "filename">PLIST</code>) and the second element specifies
          the target file. This is done this way to allow binary
          packages to place files in the right directory using
          <code class="filename">INSTALL</code>/<code class=
          "filename">DEINSTALL</code> scripts which are created
          automatically. The package <code class=
          "filename">Makefile</code> must also set <code class=
          "varname">USE_PKGINSTALL=YES</code> to use these
          automatically generated scripts. The automatic copying of
          config files can be toggled by setting the environment
          variable <code class="varname">PKG_CONFIG</code> prior to
          package installation.</p>

          <p>Here is an example, taken from mail/mutt/Makefile:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
  EGDIR=            ${PREFIX}/share/doc/mutt/samples
CONF_FILES=   ${EGDIR}/Muttrc ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}/Muttrc
</pre>

          <p>As you can see, this package installs configuration
          files inside <code class="varname">EGDIR</code>, which
          are registered by <code class="filename">PLIST</code>.
          After that, the variable <code class=
          "varname">CONF_FILES</code> lists the installed file
          first and then the target file. Users will also get an
          automatic message when files are installed using this
          method.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "audit-packages" id=
                "audit-packages"></a>6.14.&nbsp;Automated security
                checks</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>Please be aware that there can often be bugs in
          third-party software, and some of these bugs can leave a
          machine vulnerable to exploitation by attackers. In an
          effort to lessen the exposure, the NetBSD packages team
          maintains a database of known-exploits to packages which
          have at one time been included in pkgsrc. The database
          can be downloaded automatically, and a security audit of
          all packages installed on a system can take place. To do
          this, install the <a xmlns=
          "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
          "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/security/audit-packages/README.html"
          class="pkgname">security/audit-packages</a> package. It
          has two components:</p>

          <div class="orderedlist">
            <ol type="1">
              <li>
                <p>&#8220;<span class=
                "quote">download-vulnerability-list</span>&#8221;,
                an easy way to download a list of the security
                vulnerabilities information. This list is kept up
                to date by the NetBSD security officer and the
                NetBSD packages team, and is distributed from the
                NetBSD ftp server:</p>

                <p><a href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles/pkg-vulnerabilities"
                target=
                "_top">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles/pkg-vulnerabilities</a></p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>&#8220;<span class=
                "quote">audit-packages</span>&#8221;, an easy way
                to audit the current machine, checking each
                vulnerability which is known. If a vulnerable
                package is installed, it will be shown by output to
                stdout, including a description of the type of
                vulnerability, and a URL containing more
                information.</p>
              </li>
            </ol>
          </div>

          <p>Use of the audit-packages package is strongly
          recommended!</p>

          <p>The following message is displayed as part of the
          audit-packages installation procedure:</p>
          <pre class="screen">
===========================================================================
$NetBSD: faq.xml,v 1.2 2004/11/20 13:25:22 hubertf Exp $

You may wish to have the vulnerabilities file downloaded daily so that
it remains current.  This may be done by adding an appropriate entry
to the root users crontab(5) entry.  For example the entry

# download vulnerabilities file
0 3 * * * ${PREFIX}/sbin/download-vulnerability-list &gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1

will update the vulnerability list every day at 3AM. You may wish to do
this more often than once a day.

In addition, you may wish to run the package audit from the daily
security script.  This may be accomplished by adding the following
lines to /etc/security.local

if [ -x ${PREFIX}/sbin/audit-packages ]; then
          ${PREFIX}/sbin/audit-packages
fi

===========================================================================
    
</pre>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="part" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
      <div class="titlepage">
        <div>
          <div>
            <h1 class="title"><a name="developers-guide" id=
            "developers-guide"></a>The pkgsrc developer's
            guide</h1>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="toc">
        <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>

        <dl>
          <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#components">7.
          Package components - files, directories and
          contents</a></span></dt>

          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
              "#components.Makefile">7.1. <code class=
              "filename">Makefile</code></a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
              "#components.distinfo">7.2. <code class=
              "filename">distinfo</code></a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
              "#components.patches">7.3. patches/*</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586071">7.4.
              Other mandatory files</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
              "#components.optional">7.5. Optional
              files</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586197">7.6.
              <code class="filename">work*</code></a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586284">7.7.
              <code class="filename">files/*</code></a></span></dt>
            </dl>
          </dd>

          <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#plist">8. PLIST
          issues</a></span></dt>

          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586339">8.1. RCS
              ID</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586354">8.2.
              Semi-automatic <code class="filename">PLIST</code>
              generation</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#print-PLIST">8.3.
              Tweaking output of <span><strong class="command">make
              print-PLIST</strong></span></a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#plist.misc">8.4.
              Variable substitution in PLIST</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586743">8.5.
              Manpage-compression</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586785">8.6.
              Changing PLIST source with <code class=
              "varname">PLIST_SRC</code></a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586802">8.7.
              Platform specific and differing
              PLISTs</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
              "#faq.common-dirs">8.8. Sharing directories between
              packages</a></span></dt>
            </dl>
          </dd>

          <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#buildlink">9.
          Buildlink methodology</a></span></dt>

          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2587074">9.1.
              Converting packages to use buildlink3</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2587265">9.2.
              Writing <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code>
              files</a></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2587470">9.2.1. Anatomy of a buildlink3.mk
                  file</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2588048">9.2.2. Updating <code class=
                  "varname">BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> in
                  <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code>
                  files</a></span></dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2588126">9.3.
              Writing <code class="filename">builtin.mk</code>
              files</a></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2588208">9.3.1. Anatomy of a <code class=
                  "filename">builtin.mk</code> file</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2588366">9.3.2. Global preferences for native
                  or pkgsrc software</a></span></dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>
            </dl>
          </dd>

          <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#options">10. Options
          handling</a></span></dt>

          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2588507">10.1.
              Global default options</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2588522">10.2.
              Converting packages to use <code class=
              "filename">bsd.options.mk</code></a></span></dt>
            </dl>
          </dd>

          <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#build">11. The build
          process</a></span></dt>

          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#build.prefix">11.1.
              Program location</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2589198">11.2.
              Main targets</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
              "#build.helpful-targets">11.3. Other helpful
              targets</a></span></dt>
            </dl>
          </dd>

          <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#fixes">12. Notes on
          fixes for packages</a></span></dt>

          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2590531">12.1.
              General operation</a></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2590534">12.1.1. How to pull in variables
                  from /etc/mk.conf</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2590685">12.1.2. Restricted
                  packages</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#dependencies">12.1.3. Handling
                  dependencies</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2591201">12.1.4. Handling conflicts with
                  other packages</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2591251">12.1.5. Packages that cannot or
                  should not be built</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2591413">12.1.6. Packages which should not be
                  deleted, once installed</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#security-handling">12.1.7. Handling packages
                  with security problems</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2591505">12.1.8. How to handle compiler
                  bugs</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2591527">12.1.9. How to handle incrementing
                  versions when fixing an existing
                  package</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2591644">12.1.10. Portability of
                  packages</a></span></dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2591669">12.2.
              Possible downloading issues</a></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2591672">12.2.1. Packages whose distfiles
                  aren't available for plain
                  downloading</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2591735">12.2.2. How to handle modified
                  distfiles with the 'old' name</a></span></dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2591747">12.3.
              Configuration gotchas</a></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#fixes.libtool">12.3.1. Shared libraries -
                  libtool</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2592086">12.3.2. Using libtool on GNU
                  packages that already support
                  libtool</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2592238">12.3.3. GNU
                  Autoconf/Automake</a></span></dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2592283">12.4.
              Building considerations</a></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2592286">12.4.1. CPP defines</a></span></dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2592316">12.5.
              Package specific actions</a></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2592320">12.5.1. Package configuration
                  files</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2592490">12.5.2. User
                  interaction</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2592535">12.5.3. Handling
                  licenses</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2592686">12.5.4. Creating an account from a
                  package</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2592748">12.5.5. Installing score
                  files</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2592929">12.5.6. Packages providing login
                  shells</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2593054">12.5.7. Packages containing perl
                  scripts</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2593073">12.5.8. Packages with hardcoded
                  paths to other interpreters</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2593094">12.5.9. Packages installing perl
                  modules</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#faq.info-files">12.5.10. Packages installing
                  info files</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2593450">12.5.11. Packages installing GConf2
                  data files</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2593550">12.5.12. Packages installing
                  scrollkeeper data files</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2593602">12.5.13. Packages installing X11
                  fonts</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2593649">12.5.14. Packages installing GTK2
                  modules</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2593718">12.5.15. Packages installing SGML or
                  XML data</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2593770">12.5.16. Packages installing
                  extensions to the MIME database</a></span></dt>

                  <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                  "#id2593841">12.5.17. Packages using
                  intltool</a></span></dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2593854">12.6.
              Feedback to the author</a></span></dt>
            </dl>
          </dd>

          <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#debug">13.
          Debugging</a></span></dt>

          <dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#submit">14.
          Submitting and Committing</a></span></dt>

          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2594385">14.1.
              Submitting your packages</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2594432">14.2.
              Committing: Importing a package into
              CVS</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2594563">14.3.
              Updating a package to a newer version</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2594582">14.4.
              Moving a package in pkgsrc</a></span></dt>
            </dl>
          </dd>
        </dl>
      </div>

      <div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title"><a name="components" id=
              "components"></a>Chapter&nbsp;7.&nbsp;Package
              components - files, directories and contents</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="toc">
          <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>

          <dl>
            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
            "#components.Makefile">7.1. <code class=
            "filename">Makefile</code></a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
            "#components.distinfo">7.2. <code class=
            "filename">distinfo</code></a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
            "#components.patches">7.3. patches/*</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586071">7.4. Other
            mandatory files</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
            "#components.optional">7.5. Optional
            files</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586197">7.6.
            <code class="filename">work*</code></a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586284">7.7.
            <code class="filename">files/*</code></a></span></dt>
          </dl>
        </div>

        <p>Whenever you're preparing a package, there are a number
        of files involved which are described in the following
        sections.</p>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "components.Makefile" id=
                "components.Makefile"></a>7.1.&nbsp;<code class=
                "filename">Makefile</code></h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>Building, installation and creation of a binary
          package are all controlled by the package's <code class=
          "filename">Makefile</code>.</p>

          <p>There is a <code class="filename">Makefile</code> for
          each package. This file includes the standard
          <code class="filename">bsd.pkg.mk</code> file (referenced
          as <code class="filename">../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk</code>),
          which sets all the definitions and actions necessary for
          the package to compile and install itself. The mandatory
          variables are the <code class="varname">DISTNAME</code>
          which specifies the base name of the distribution file to
          be downloaded from the site on the Internet, <code class=
          "varname">MASTER_SITES</code> which specifies that site,
          <code class="varname">CATEGORIES</code> which denotes the
          categories into which the package falls, <code class=
          "varname">PKGNAME</code> which is the name of the
          package, the <code class="varname">MAINTAINER</code>'s
          name, and the <code class="varname">COMMENT</code>
          variable, which should contain a one-line description of
          the package (the package name should not appear, it will
          be added automatically). The maintainer variable is there
          so that anyone who quibbles with the (always completely
          correct) decisions taken by the guy who maintains the
          package can complain vigorously, or send chocolate as a
          sign of appreciation.</p>

          <p>The <code class="varname">MASTER_SITES</code> may be
          set to one of the predefined sites:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
        ${MASTER_SITE_APACHE}
        ${MASTER_SITE_DEBIAN}
        ${MASTER_SITE_GNOME}
        ${MASTER_SITE_GNU}
        ${MASTER_SITE_GNUSTEP}
        ${MASTER_SITE_MOZILLA}
        ${MASTER_SITE_PERL_CPAN}
        ${MASTER_SITE_SOURCEFORGE}
        ${MASTER_SITE_SUNSITE}
        ${MASTER_SITE_R_CRAN}
        ${MASTER_SITE_SUSE}
        ${MASTER_SITE_TEX_CTAN}
        ${MASTER_SITE_XCONTRIB}
        ${MASTER_SITE_XEMACS} 
</pre>

          <p>If one of these predefined sites is chosen, you may
          require the ability to specify a subdirectory of that
          site. Since these macros may expand to more than one
          actual site, you <span class=
          "emphasis"><em>must</em></span> use the following
          construct to specify a subdirectory:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
        ${MASTER_SITE_GNU:=subdirectory/name/}
        ${MASTER_SITE_SOURCEFORGE:=project_name/} 
</pre>

          <p>Note the trailing slash after the subdirectory
          name.</p>

          <div class="note" style=
          "margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
            <h3 class="title">Note</h3>

            <p><code class="varname">MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR</code> has
            been deprecated and <span class="emphasis"><em>should
            no longer be used</em></span>.</p>
          </div>

          <p>If the package has multiple <code class=
          "varname">DISTFILES</code> or multiple <code class=
          "varname">PATCHFILES</code> from different sites, set
          <code class="varname">SITES_foo</code> to a list of URI's
          where file &#8220;<span class="quote">foo</span>&#8221;
          may be found. &#8220;<span class=
          "quote">foo</span>&#8221; includes the suffix, e.g.</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
DISTFILES=      ${DISTNAME}${EXTRACT_SUFX}
DISTFILES+=     foo-file.tar.gz
SITES_foo-file.tar.gz=http://www.somewhere.com/somehow/ \
        http://www.somewhereelse.com/mirror/somehow/
</pre>

          <p>Note that the normal default setting of <code class=
          "varname">DISTFILES</code> must be made explicit if you
          want to add to it (rather than replace it), as you
          usually would.</p>

          <p>Currently the following values are available for
          <code class="varname">CATEGORIES</code>. If more than one
          is used, they need to be separated by spaces:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
archivers     cross         geography     meta-pkgs     security
audio         databases     graphics      misc          shells
benchmarks    devel         ham           multimedia    sysutils
biology       editors       inputmethod   net           textproc
cad           emulators     lang          news          time
chat          finance       mail          parallel      wm
comms         fonts         math          pkgtools      www
converters    games         mbone         print         x11
</pre>

          <p>Please pay attention to the following gotchas:</p>

          <div class="itemizedlist">
            <ul type="disc">
              <li>
                <p>Add <code class="varname">MANCOMPRESSED</code>
                if manpages are installed in compressed form by the
                package; see comment in <code class=
                "filename">bsd.pkg.mk</code>.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Replace <code class="filename">/usr/local</code>
                with &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">${PREFIX}</span>&#8221; in all files (see
                patches, below).</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>If the package installs any info files, see
                <a href="#faq.info-files" title=
                "12.5.10.&nbsp;Packages installing info files">Section
                12.5.10, &#8220;Packages installing info
                files&#8221;</a>.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Set <code class="varname">MAINTAINER</code> to
                be yourself. If you really can't maintain the
                package for future updates, set it to <code class=
                "email">&lt;<a href=
                "mailto:tech-pkg@NetBSD.org">tech-pkg@NetBSD.org</a>&gt;</code>.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>If a home page for the software in question
                exists, add the variable <code class=
                "varname">HOMEPAGE</code> right after <code class=
                "varname">MAINTAINER</code>. The value of this
                variable should be the URL for the home page.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Be sure to set the <code class=
                "varname">COMMENT</code> variable to a short
                description of the package, not containing the
                pkg's name.</p>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "components.distinfo" id=
                "components.distinfo"></a>7.2.&nbsp;<code class=
                "filename">distinfo</code></h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>Most important, the mandatory message digest, or
          checksum, of all the distfiles needed for the package to
          compile, confirming they match the original file
          distributed by the author. This ensures that the distfile
          retrieved from the Internet has not been corrupted during
          transfer or altered by a malign force to introduce a
          security hole. It is generated using the
          <span><strong class="command">make
          makesum</strong></span> command. The digest algorithm
          used was, at one stage, md5, but that was felt lacking
          compared to sha1, and so sha1 is now the default
          algorithm. The distfile size is also generated and stored
          in new distinfo files. The <a xmlns=
          "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
          "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/digest/README.html"
          class="pkgname">pkgtools/digest</a> utility calculates
          all of the digests in the distinfo file, and it provides
          various different algorithms. At the current time, the
          algorithms provided are: <span class=
          "emphasis"><em>md5</em></span>, <span class=
          "emphasis"><em>rmd160</em></span>, <span class=
          "emphasis"><em>sha1</em></span>, <span class=
          "emphasis"><em>sha256</em></span>, <span class=
          "emphasis"><em>sha384</em></span> and <span class=
          "emphasis"><em>sha512</em></span>.</p>

          <p>Some packages have different sets of distfiles on a
          per architecture basis, for example <a xmlns=
          "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
          "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/www/navigator/README.html"
          class="pkgname">www/navigator</a>). These are kept in the
          same distinfo file and care should be taken when
          upgrading such a package to ensure distfile information
          is not lost.</p>

          <p>The message digest/checksum for all the official
          patches found in the <code class=
          "filename">patches/</code> directory (see <a href=
          "#components.patches" title=
          "7.3.&nbsp;patches/*">Section&nbsp;7.3,
          &#8220;patches/*&#8221;</a>) for the package is also
          stored in the <code class="filename">distinfo</code>
          file. This is a message digest/checksum of all lines in
          the patch file except the NetBSD RCS Id. This file is
          generated by invoking <span><strong class="command">make
          makepatchsum</strong></span> (or <span><strong class=
          "command">make mps</strong></span> if you're in a
          hurry).</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "components.patches" id=
                "components.patches"></a>7.3.&nbsp;patches/*</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>This directory contains files that are used by the
          <a href=
          "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?patch+1+NetBSD-current">
          <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
          "refentrytitle">patch</span>(1)</span></a> command to
          modify the sources as distributed in the distribution
          file into a form that will compile and run perfectly on
          NetBSD. The files are applied successively in alphabetic
          order (as returned by a shell &#8220;<span class=
          "quote">patches/patch-*</span>&#8221; glob expansion), so
          <code class="filename">patch-aa</code> is applied before
          <code class="filename">patch-ab</code>, etc.</p>

          <p>The <code class="filename">patch-*</code> files should
          be in <span><strong class="command">diff
          -bu</strong></span> format, and apply without a fuzz to
          avoid problems. (To force patches to apply with fuzz you
          can set <code class=
          "varname">PATCH_FUZZ_FACTOR=-F2</code>). Furthermore, do
          not put changes for more than one file into a single
          patch-file, as this will make future modifications more
          difficult.</p>

          <p>Similar, a file should be patched at most once, not
          several times by several different patches. If a file
          needs several patches, they should be combined into one
          file.</p>

          <p>One important thing to mention is to pay attention
          that no RCS IDs get stored in the patch files, as these
          will cause problems when later checked into the NetBSD
          CVS tree. Use the <span><strong class=
          "command">pkgdiff</strong></span> from the <a xmlns=
          "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
          "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkgdiff/README.html"
          class="pkgname">pkgtools/pkgdiff</a> package to avoid
          these problems.</p>

          <p>For even more automation, we recommend using
          <span><strong class="command">mkpatches</strong></span>
          from the same package to make a whole set of patches. You
          just have to backup files before you edit them to
          <code class="filename">filename.orig</code>, e.g. with
          <span><strong class="command">cp -p filename
          filename.orig</strong></span> or, easier, by using
          <span><strong class="command">pkgvi</strong></span> again
          from the same package. If you upgrade a package this way,
          you can easily compare the new set of patches with the
          previously existing one with <span><strong class=
          "command">patchdiff</strong></span>.</p>

          <p>When you have finished a package, remember to generate
          the checksums for the patch files by using the
          <span><strong class="command">make
          makepatchsum</strong></span> command, see <a href=
          "#components.distinfo" title=
          "7.2.&nbsp;distinfo">Section&nbsp;7.2,
          &#8220;<code class="filename">distinfo</code>&#8221;</a>.</p>

          <p>Patch files that are distributed by the author or
          other maintainers can be listed in <code class=
          "varname">$PATCHFILES</code>.</p>

          <p>If it is desired to store any patches that should not
          be committed into pkgsrc, they can be kept outside the
          pkgsrc tree in the <code class=
          "filename">$LOCALPATCHES</code> directory. The directory
          tree there is expected to have the same
          &#8220;<span class="quote">category/package</span>&#8221;
          structure as pkgsrc, and patches are expected to be
          stored inside these dirs (also known as <code class=
          "filename">$LOCALPATCHES/$PKGPATH</code>). For example if
          you want to keep a private patch for <code class=
          "filename">pkgsrc/graphics/png</code>, keep it in
          <code class=
          "filename">$LOCALPATCHES/graphics/png/mypatch</code>. All
          files in the named directory are expected to be patch
          files, and <span class="emphasis"><em>they are applied
          after pkgsrc patches are applied</em></span>.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2586071" id="id2586071"></a>7.4.&nbsp;Other
                mandatory files</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="variablelist">
            <dl>
              <dt><span class="term"><code class=
              "filename">DESCR</code></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>A multi-line description of the piece of
                software. This should include any credits where
                they are due. Please bear in mind that others do
                not share your sense of humour (or spelling
                idiosyncrasies), and that others will read
                everything that you write here.</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term"><code class=
              "filename">PLIST</code></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>This file governs the files that are installed
                on your system: all the binaries, manual pages,
                etc. There are other directives which may be
                entered in this file, to control the creation and
                deletion of directories, and the location of
                inserted files. See <a href="#plist" title=
                "Chapter&nbsp;8.&nbsp;PLIST issues">Chapter&nbsp;8,
                <i>PLIST issues</i></a> for more information.</p>
              </dd>
            </dl>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "components.optional" id=
                "components.optional"></a>7.5.&nbsp;Optional
                files</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="variablelist">
            <dl>
              <dt><span class="term"><code class=
              "filename">INSTALL</code></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>This shell script is invoked twice by <a href=
                "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?pkg_add+1+NetBSD-current">
                <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
                "refentrytitle">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>. First
                time after package extraction and before files are
                moved in place, the second time after the files to
                install are moved in place. This can be used to do
                any custom procedures not possible with @exec
                commands in <code class="filename">PLIST</code>.
                See <a href=
                "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?pkg_add+1+NetBSD-current">
                <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
                "refentrytitle">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a> and
                <a href=
                "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?pkg_create+1+NetBSD-current">
                <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
                "refentrytitle">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a> for
                more information.</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term"><code class=
              "filename">DEINSTALL</code></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>This script is executed before and after any
                files are removed. It is this script's
                responsibility to clean up any additional messy
                details around the package's installation, since
                all pkg_delete knows is how to delete the files
                created in the original distribution. See <a href=
                "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?pkg_delete+1+NetBSD-current">
                <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
                "refentrytitle">pkg_delete</span>(1)</span></a> and
                <a href=
                "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?pkg_create+1+NetBSD-current">
                <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
                "refentrytitle">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a> for
                more information.</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term"><code class=
              "filename">MESSAGE</code></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>Display this file after installation of the
                package. Useful for things like legal notices on
                almost-free software and hints for updating config
                files after installing modules for apache, PHP etc.
                Please note that you can modify variables in it
                easily by using <code class=
                "varname">MESSAGE_SUBST</code> in the package's
                <code class="filename">Makefile</code>:</p>
                <pre class="programlisting">
MESSAGE_SUBST+=  SOMEVAR="somevalue"
</pre>

                <p>replaces "${SOMEVAR}" with &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">somevalue</span>&#8221; in <code class=
                "filename">MESSAGE</code>.</p>
              </dd>
            </dl>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2586197" id=
                "id2586197"></a>7.6.&nbsp;<code class=
                "filename">work*</code></h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>When you type <span><strong class=
          "command">make</strong></span> the distribution files are
          unpacked into this directory. It can be removed by
          running <span><strong class="command">make
          clean</strong></span>. Besides the sources, this
          directory is also used to keep various timestamp
          files.</p>

          <p>If a package doesn't create a subdirectory for itself
          (like GNU software does, for instance), but extracts
          itself in the current directory, you should set
          <code class="varname">WRKSRC</code> accordingly, e.g.
          <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
          "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/editors/sam/README.html"
          class="pkgname">editors/sam</a> again, but the quick
          answer is:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
WRKSRC=                ${WRKDIR}
</pre>

          <p>Please note that the old <code class=
          "varname">NO_WRKSUBDIR</code> has been deprecated and
          should not be used. Also, if your package doesn't create
          a subdir with the name of <code class=
          "varname">DISTNAME</code> but some different name, set
          <code class="varname">WRKSRC</code> to point to the
          proper name in <code class="filename">${WRKDIR}</code>.
          See <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"
          href=
          "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/lang/tcl/README.html"
          class="pkgname">lang/tcl</a> and <a xmlns=
          "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
          "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/x11/tk/README.html"
          class="pkgname">x11/tk</a> for examples, and here is
          another one:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
WRKSRC=         ${WRKDIR}/${DISTNAME}/unix
</pre>

          <p>The name of the working directory created by pkgsrc is
          <code class="filename">work</code> by default. If the
          same pkgsrc tree should be used on several different
          platforms, the variable <code class=
          "varname">OBJMACHINE</code> can be set in /etc/mk.conf to
          attach the platform to the directory name, e.g.
          <code class="filename">work.i386</code> or <code class=
          "filename">work.sparc</code>.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2586284" id=
                "id2586284"></a>7.7.&nbsp;<code class=
                "filename">files/*</code></h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>If you have any files that you wish to be placed in
          the package prior to configuration or building, you could
          place these files here and use a &#8220;<span class=
          "quote">${CP}</span>&#8221; command in the
          &#8220;<span class="quote">pre-configure</span>&#8221;
          target to achieve this. Alternatively, you could simply
          diff the file against <code class=
          "filename">/dev/null</code> and use the patch mechanism
          to manage the creation of this file.</p>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title"><a name="plist" id=
              "plist"></a>Chapter&nbsp;8.&nbsp;PLIST issues</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="toc">
          <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>

          <dl>
            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586339">8.1. RCS
            ID</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586354">8.2.
            Semi-automatic <code class="filename">PLIST</code>
            generation</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#print-PLIST">8.3.
            Tweaking output of <span><strong class="command">make
            print-PLIST</strong></span></a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#plist.misc">8.4.
            Variable substitution in PLIST</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586743">8.5.
            Manpage-compression</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586785">8.6.
            Changing PLIST source with <code class=
            "varname">PLIST_SRC</code></a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2586802">8.7.
            Platform specific and differing PLISTs</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#faq.common-dirs">8.8.
            Sharing directories between packages</a></span></dt>
          </dl>
        </div>

        <p>The <code class="filename">PLIST</code> file contains a
        package's &#8220;<span class="quote">packing
        list</span>&#8221;, i.e. a list of files that belong to the
        package (relative to the <code class=
        "filename">${PREFIX}</code> directory it's been installed
        in) plus some additional statements - see the <a href=
        "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?pkg_create+1+NetBSD-current">
        <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
        "refentrytitle">pkg_create</span>(1)</span></a> manpage for
        a full list. This chapter addresses some issues that need
        attention when dealing with the <code class=
        "filename">PLIST</code> file (or files, see below!).</p>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2586339" id="id2586339"></a>8.1.&nbsp;RCS
                ID</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>Be sure to add a RCS ID line as the first thing in any
          <code class="filename">PLIST</code> file you write:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
@comment $NetBSD$
</pre>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2586354" id=
                "id2586354"></a>8.2.&nbsp;Semi-automatic
                <code class="filename">PLIST</code> generation</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>You can use the <span><strong class="command">make
          print-PLIST</strong></span> command to output a PLIST
          that matches any new files since the package was
          extracted. See <a href="#build.helpful-targets" title=
          "11.3.&nbsp;Other helpful targets">Section&nbsp;11.3,
          &#8220;Other helpful targets&#8221;</a> for more
          information on this target.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "print-PLIST" id=
                "print-PLIST"></a>8.3.&nbsp;Tweaking output of
                <span><strong class="command">make
                print-PLIST</strong></span></h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>If you have used any of the *-dirs packages, as
          explained in <a href="#faq.common-dirs" title=
          "8.8.&nbsp;Sharing directories between packages">Section&nbsp;8.8,
          &#8220;Sharing directories between packages&#8221;</a>,
          you may have noticed that <span><strong class=
          "command">make print-PLIST</strong></span> outputs a set
          of <code class="varname">@comment</code>s instead of real
          <code class="varname">@dirrm</code> lines. You can also
          do this for specific directories and files, so that the
          results of that command are very close to reality. This
          helps <span class="emphasis"><em>a lot</em></span> during
          the update of packages.</p>

          <p>The <code class="varname">PRINT_PLIST_AWK</code>
          variable takes a set of AWK patterns and actions that are
          used to filter the output of print-PLIST. You can
          <span class="emphasis"><em>append</em></span> any chunk
          of AWK scripting you like to it, but be careful with
          quoting.</p>

          <p>For example, to get all files inside the <code class=
          "filename">libdata/foo</code> directory removed from the
          resulting PLIST:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
      PRINT_PLIST_AWK+= /^libdata\/foo/ { next; }
    
</pre>

          <p>And to get all the <code class="varname">@dirrm</code>
          lines referring to a specific (shared) directory
          converted to <code class="varname">@comment</code>s:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
      PRINT_PLIST_AWK+= /^@dirrm share\/specific/ { print "@comment " $$0; next; }
    
</pre>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "plist.misc" id="plist.misc"></a>8.4.&nbsp;Variable
                substitution in PLIST</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>A number of variables are substituted automatically in
          PLISTs when a package is installed on a system. This
          includes the following variables:</p>

          <div class="variablelist">
            <dl>
              <dt><span class="term"><code class=
              "varname">${MACHINE_ARCH}</code>, <code class=
              "varname">${MACHINE_GNU_ARCH}</code></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>Some packages like emacs and perl embed
                information about which architecture they were
                built on into the pathnames where they install
                their file. To handle this case, PLIST will be
                preprocessed before actually used, and the symbol
                &#8220;<span class="quote"><code class=
                "varname">${MACHINE_ARCH}</code></span>&#8221; will
                be replaced by what <span><strong class=
                "command">uname -p</strong></span> gives. The same
                is done if the string <code class=
                "varname">${MACHINE_GNU_ARCH}</code> is embedded in
                PLIST somewhere - use this on packages that have
                GNU autoconf created configure scripts.</p>

                <div class="note" style=
                "margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
                  <h3 class="title">Legacy note</h3>

                  <p>There used to be a symbol &#8220;<span class=
                  "quote"><code class=
                  "varname">$ARCH</code></span>&#8221; that was
                  replaced by the output of <span><strong class=
                  "command">uname -m</strong></span>, but that's no
                  longer supported and has been removed.</p>
                </div>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term"><code class=
              "varname">${OPSYS}</code>, <code class=
              "varname">${LOWER_OPSYS}</code>, <code class=
              "varname">${OS_VERSION}</code></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>Some packages want to embed the OS name and
                version into some paths. To do this, use these
                variables in the <code class=
                "filename">PLIST</code>:</p>

                <div class="itemizedlist">
                  <ul type="disc">
                    <li>
                      <p><code class="varname">${OPSYS}</code> -
                      output of &#8220;<span class=
                      "quote"><span><strong class="command">uname
                      -s</strong></span></span>&#8221;</p>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                      <p><code class=
                      "varname">${LOWER_OPSYS}</code> - lowercase
                      common name (eg. &#8220;<span class=
                      "quote">solaris</span>&#8221;)</p>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                      <p><code class="varname">${OS_VERSION}</code>
                      - &#8220;<span class=
                      "quote"><span><strong class="command">uname
                      -r</strong></span></span>&#8221;</p>
                    </li>
                  </ul>
                </div>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term"><code class=
              "varname">${PKGLOCALEDIR}</code></span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>Packages that install locale files should list
                them in the PLIST as &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">${PKGLOCALEDIR}/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/...</span>&#8221;
                instead of &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/...</span>&#8221;.
                This properly handles the fact that different
                operating systems expect locale files to be either
                in <code class="filename">share</code> or
                <code class="filename">lib</code> by default.</p>
              </dd>
            </dl>
          </div>

          <p>For a complete list of values which are replaced by
          default, please look in <code class=
          "filename">bsd.pkg.mk</code> (and search for <span class=
          "emphasis"><em>PLIST_SUBST</em></span>).</p>

          <p>If you want to change other variables not listed
          above, you can add variables and their expansions to this
          variable in the following way, similar to <code class=
          "varname">MESSAGE_SUBST</code> (see <a href=
          "#components.optional" title=
          "7.5.&nbsp;Optional files">Section&nbsp;7.5,
          &#8220;Optional files&#8221;</a>):</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
PLIST_SUBST+=    SOMEVAR="somevalue"
</pre>

          <p>This replaces all occurrences of &#8220;<span class=
          "quote">${SOMEVAR}</span>&#8221; in the PLIST with
          &#8220;<span class="quote">somevalue</span>&#8221;.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2586743" id=
                "id2586743"></a>8.5.&nbsp;Manpage-compression</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>Manpages should be installed in compressed form if
          <code class="varname">MANZ</code> is set (in <code class=
          "filename">bsd.own.mk</code>), and uncompressed
          otherwise. To handle this in the <code class=
          "filename">PLIST</code> file, the suffix
          &#8220;<span class="quote">.gz</span>&#8221; is
          appended/removed automatically for manpages according to
          <code class="varname">MANZ</code> and <code class=
          "varname">MANCOMPRESSED</code> being set or not, see
          above for details. This modification of the <code class=
          "filename">PLIST</code> file is done on a copy of it, not
          <code class="filename">PLIST</code> itself.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2586785" id="id2586785"></a>8.6.&nbsp;Changing
                PLIST source with <code class=
                "varname">PLIST_SRC</code></h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>To use one or more files as source for the
          <code class="filename">PLIST</code> used in generating
          the binary package, set the variable <code class=
          "varname">PLIST_SRC</code> to the names of that file(s).
          The files are later concatenated using cat(1), and order
          of things is important.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2586802" id="id2586802"></a>8.7.&nbsp;Platform
                specific and differing PLISTs</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>Some packages decide to install a different set of
          files based on the operating system being used. These
          differences can be automatically handled by using the
          following files:</p>

          <div class="itemizedlist">
            <ul type="disc">
              <li>
                <p><code class="filename">PLIST.common</code></p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><code class="filename">PLIST.${OPSYS}</code></p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><code class=
                "filename">PLIST.common_end</code></p>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </div>

          <p>If <code class="filename">PLIST.${OPSYS}</code>
          exists, these files are used instead of <code class=
          "filename">PLIST</code>. This allows packages which
          behave in this way to be handled gracefully. Manually
          overriding <code class="varname">PLIST_SRC</code> for
          other more exotic uses is also possible.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "faq.common-dirs" id=
                "faq.common-dirs"></a>8.8.&nbsp;Sharing directories
                between packages</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>A &#8220;<span class="quote">shared
          directory</span>&#8221; is a directory where multiple
          (and unrelated) packages install files. These directories
          are problematic because you have to add special tricks in
          the PLIST to conditionally remove them, or have some
          centralized package handle them.</p>

          <p>Within pkgsrc, you'll find both approaches. If a
          directory is shared by a few unrelated packages, it's
          often not worth to add an extra package to remove it.
          Therefore, one simply does:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
      @unexec ${RMDIR} %D/path/to/shared/directory 2&gt;/dev/null || ${TRUE}
    
</pre>

          <p>in the PLISTs of all affected packages, instead of the
          regular "@dirrm" line.</p>

          <p>However, if the directory is shared across many
          packages, two different solutions are available:</p>

          <div class="orderedlist">
            <ol type="1">
              <li>
                <p>If the packages have a common dependency, the
                directory can be removed in that. For example, see
                <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"
                href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/textproc/scrollkeeper/README.html"
                class="pkgname">textproc/scrollkeeper</a>, which
                removes the shared directory <code class=
                "filename">share/omf</code>.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>If the packages using the directory are not
                related at all (they have no common dependencies),
                a *-dirs package is used.</p>
              </li>
            </ol>
          </div>

          <p>From now on, we'll discuss the second solution. To get
          an idea of the *-dirs packages available, issue:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
      <code class="prompt">%</code> cd .../pkgsrc
      <code class="prompt">%</code> ls -d */*-dirs
    
</pre>

          <p>Their use from other packages is very simple. The
          <code class="varname">USE_DIRS</code> variable takes a
          list of package names (without the &#8220;<span class=
          "quote">-dirs</span>&#8221; part) together with the
          required version number (always pick the latest one when
          writting new packages).</p>

          <p>For example, if a package installs files under
          <code class="filename">share/applications</code>, it
          should have the following line in it:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
      USE_DIRS+= xdg-1.1
    
</pre>

          <p>After regenerating the PLIST using
          <span><strong class="command">make
          print-PLIST</strong></span>, you should get the right
          (commented out) lines.</p>

          <p>Note that, even if your package is using <code class=
          "filename">$X11BASE</code>, it must not depend on the
          *-x11-dirs packages. Just specify the name without that
          part and pkgsrc (in particular, <code class=
          "filename">mk/dirs.mk</code>) will take care of it.</p>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title"><a name="buildlink" id=
              "buildlink"></a>Chapter&nbsp;9.&nbsp;Buildlink
              methodology</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="toc">
          <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>

          <dl>
            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2587074">9.1.
            Converting packages to use buildlink3</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2587265">9.2.
            Writing <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code>
            files</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2587470">9.2.1.
                Anatomy of a buildlink3.mk file</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2588048">9.2.2.
                Updating <code class=
                "varname">BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.<em class=
                "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> in
                <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code>
                files</a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2588126">9.3.
            Writing <code class="filename">builtin.mk</code>
            files</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2588208">9.3.1.
                Anatomy of a <code class=
                "filename">builtin.mk</code> file</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2588366">9.3.2.
                Global preferences for native or pkgsrc
                software</a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>
          </dl>
        </div>

        <p>Buildlink is a framework in pkgsrc that controls what
        headers and libraries are seen by a package's configure and
        build processes. This is implemented in a two step
        process:</p>

        <div class="orderedlist">
          <ol type="1">
            <li>
              <p>Symlink headers and libraries for dependencies
              into <code class="varname">BUILDLINK_DIR</code>,
              which by default is a subdirectory of <code class=
              "varname">WRKDIR</code>.</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Create wrapper scripts that are used in place of
              the normal compiler tools that translate <code class=
              "option">-I${LOCALBASE}/include</code> and
              <code class="option">-L${LOCALBASE}/lib</code> into
              references to <code class=
              "varname">BUILDLINK_DIR</code>. The wrapper scripts
              also make native compiler on some operating systems
              look like GCC, so that packages that expect GCC won't
              require modifications to build with those native
              compilers.</p>
            </li>
          </ol>
        </div>

        <p>This normalizes the environment in which a package is
        built so that the package may be built consistently despite
        what other software may be installed. Please note that the
        normal system header and library paths, e.g. <code class=
        "filename">/usr/include</code>, <code class=
        "filename">/usr/lib</code>, etc., are always searched --
        buildlink3 is designed to insulate the package build from
        non-system-supplied software.</p>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2587074" id="id2587074"></a>9.1.&nbsp;Converting
                packages to use buildlink3</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>The process of converting packages to use the
          buildlink3 framework (&#8220;<span class=
          "quote">bl3ifying</span>&#8221;) is fairly
          straightforward. The things to keep in mind are:</p>

          <div class="orderedlist">
            <ol type="1">
              <li>
                <p>Set <code class="varname">USE_BUILDLINK3</code>
                to &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">yes</span>&#8221;.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Ensure that the build always calls the wrapper
                scripts instead of the actual toolchain. Some
                packages are tricky, and the only way to know for
                sure is the check <code class=
                "filename">${WRKDIR}/.work.log</code> to see if the
                wrappers are being invoked.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Don't override <code class=
                "varname">PREFIX</code> from within the package
                Makefile, e.g. Java VMs, standalone shells, etc.,
                because the code to symlink files into <code class=
                "filename">${BUILDLINK_DIR}</code> looks for files
                relative to &#8220;<span class="quote">pkg_info -qp
                <em class=
                "replaceable"><code>pkgname</code></em></span>&#8221;.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Remember that <span class=
                "emphasis"><em>only</em></span> the <code class=
                "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> files that you list
                in a package's Makefile are added as dependencies
                for that package.</p>
              </li>
            </ol>
          </div>

          <p>If a dependency on a particular package is required
          for its libraries and headers, then we replace:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
DEPENDS+=       foo&gt;=1.1.0:../../category/foo
</pre>

          <p>with</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
.include "../../category/foo/buildlink3.mk"
</pre>

          <p>There are several <code class=
          "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> files in <code class=
          "filename">pkgsrc/mk</code> that handle special package
          issues:</p>

          <div class="itemizedlist">
            <ul type="disc">
              <li>
                <p><code class="filename">bdb.buildlink3.mk</code>
                chooses either the native or a pkgsrc Berkeley DB
                implementation based on the values of <code class=
                "varname">BDB_ACCEPTED</code> and <code class=
                "varname">BDB_DEFAULT</code>.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><code class=
                "filename">curses.buildlink3.mk</code> If the
                system comes with neither Curses nor NCurses, this
                will take care to install the <a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/devel/ncurses/README.html"
                class="pkgname">devel/ncurses</a> package.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><code class="filename">krb5.buildlink3.mk</code>
                uses the value of <code class=
                "varname">KRB5_ACCEPTED</code> to choose between
                adding a dependency on Heimdal or MIT-krb5 for
                packages that require a Kerberos 5
                implementation.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><code class=
                "filename">motif.buildlink3.mk</code> checks for a
                system-provided Motif installation or adds a
                dependency on <a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/x11/lesstif/README.html"
                class="pkgname">x11/lesstif</a> or <a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/x11/openmotif/README.html"
                class="pkgname">x11/openmotif</a>;</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><code class=
                "filename">ossaudio.buildlink3.mk</code> defines
                several variables that may be used by packages that
                use the Open Sound System (OSS) API;</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><code class=
                "filename">pgsql.buildlink3.mk</code> will accept
                either Postgres 7.3 or 7.4, whichever is found
                installed. See the file for more information.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><code class=
                "filename">pthread.buildlink3.mk</code> uses the
                value of <code class="varname">PTHREAD_OPTS</code>
                and checks for native pthreads or adds a dependency
                on <a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/devel/pth/README.html"
                class="pkgname">devel/pth</a> as needed;</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><code class="filename">xaw.buildlink3.mk</code>
                uses the value of <code class=
                "varname">XAW_TYPE</code> to choose a particular
                Athena widgets library.</p>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </div>

          <p>The comments in those <code class=
          "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> files provide a more
          complete description of how to use them properly.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2587265" id="id2587265"></a>9.2.&nbsp;Writing
                <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code>
                files</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>A package's <code class=
          "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> file is included by
          Makefiles to indicate the need to compile and link
          against header files and libraries provided by the
          package. A <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code>
          file should always provide enough information to add the
          correct type of dependency relationship and include any
          other <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code> files
          that it needs to find headers and libraries that it needs
          in turn.</p>

          <p>To generate an initial <code class=
          "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> file for further editing,
          Rene Hexel's <a xmlns=
          "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
          "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/createbuildlink/README.html"
          class="pkgname">pkgtools/createbuildlink</a> package is
          highly recommended. For most packages, the following
          command will generate a good starting point for
          <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code> files:</p>
          <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cd pkgsrc/<em class=
"replaceable"><code>category</code></em>/<em class=
"replaceable"><code>pkgdir</code></em>
<code class=
"prompt">%</code> createbuildlink -3 &gt;buildlink3.mk</code></strong>
</pre>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2587470" id=
                  "id2587470"></a>9.2.1. Anatomy of a buildlink3.mk
                  file</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>The following real-life example <code class=
            "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> is taken from
            <code class="filename">pkgsrc/graphics/tiff</code>:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
# $NetBSD: buildlink3.mk,v 1.7 2004/03/18 09:12:12 jlam Exp $

BUILDLINK_DEPTH:=       ${BUILDLINK_DEPTH}+
TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK:=    ${TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK}+

.if !empty(BUILDLINK_DEPTH:M+)
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS+=     tiff
.endif

BUILDLINK_PACKAGES:=    ${BUILDLINK_PACKAGES:Ntiff}
BUILDLINK_PACKAGES+=    tiff

.if !empty(TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK:M+)
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.tiff+=        tiff&gt;=3.6.1
BUILDLINK_PKGSRCDIR.tiff?=      ../../graphics/tiff
.endif  # TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK

.include "../../devel/zlib/buildlink3.mk"
.include "../../graphics/jpeg/buildlink3.mk"

BUILDLINK_DEPTH:=       ${BUILDLINK_DEPTH:S/+$//} 
</pre>

            <p>The header and footer manipulate <code class=
            "varname">BUILDLINK_DEPTH</code>, which is common
            across all <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code>
            files and is used to track at what depth we are
            including <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code>
            files.</p>

            <p>The first section controls if the dependency on
            <em class="replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em> is added.
            <code class="varname">BUILDLINK_DEPENDS</code> is the
            global list of packages for which dependencies are
            added by buildlink3.</p>

            <p>The second section advises pkgsrc that the
            <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code> file for
            <em class="replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em> has been
            included at some point. <code class=
            "varname">BUILDLINK_PACKAGES</code> is the global list
            of packages for which <code class=
            "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> files have been
            included. It must <span class=
            "emphasis"><em>always</em></span> be appended to within
            a <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code> file.</p>

            <p>The third section is protected from multiple
            inclusion and controls how the dependency on <em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em> is added. Several
            important variables are set in the section:</p>

            <div class="itemizedlist">
              <ul type="disc">
                <li>
                  <p><code class=
                  "varname">BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> is the
                  actual dependency recorded in the installed
                  package; this should always be set using
                  <span><strong class="command">+=</strong></span>
                  to ensure that we're appending to any
                  pre-existing list of values. This variable should
                  be set to the first version of the package that
                  had the last change in the major number of a
                  shared library or that had a major API
                  change.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p><code class=
                  "varname">BUILDLINK_PKGSRCDIR.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> is the
                  location of the <em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em> pkgsrc
                  directory;</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p><code class=
                  "varname">BUILDLINK_DEPMETHOD.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> (not
                  shown above) controls whether we use <code class=
                  "varname">BUILD_DEPENDS</code> or <code class=
                  "varname">DEPENDS</code> to add the dependency on
                  <em class="replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em>.
                  The build dependency is selected by setting
                  <code class=
                  "varname">BUILDLINK_DEPMETHOD.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> to
                  &#8220;<span class="quote">build</span>&#8221;.
                  By default, the full dependency is used.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p><code class=
                  "varname">BUILDLINK_INCDIRS.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> and
                  <code class=
                  "varname">BUILDLINK_LIBDIRS.<em class="replaceable">
                  <code>pkg</code></em></code> (not shown above)
                  are lists of subdirectories of <code class=
                  "filename">${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em>}</code> to
                  add to the header and library search paths. These
                  default to &#8220;<span class=
                  "quote">include</span>&#8221; and
                  &#8220;<span class="quote">lib</span>&#8221;
                  respectively.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p><code class=
                  "varname">BUILDLINK_CPPFLAGS.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> (not
                  shown above) is the list of preprocessor flags to
                  add to <code class="varname">CPPFLAGS</code>,
                  which are passed on to the configure and build
                  phases. The &#8220;<span class=
                  "quote">-I</span>&#8221; option should be avoided
                  and instead be handled using <code class=
                  "varname">BUILDLINK_INCDIRS.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> as
                  above.</p>
                </li>
              </ul>
            </div>

            <p>The following variables are all optionally defined
            within this second section (protected against multiple
            inclusion) and control which package files are
            symlinked into <code class=
            "filename">${BUILDLINK_DIR}</code> and how their names
            are transformed during the symlinking:</p>

            <div class="itemizedlist">
              <ul type="disc">
                <li>
                  <p><code class=
                  "varname">BUILDLINK_FILES.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> (not
                  shown above) is a shell glob pattern relative to
                  <code class=
                  "filename">${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em>}</code> to be
                  symlinked into <code class=
                  "filename">${BUILDLINK_DIR}</code>, e.g.
                  <code class="filename">include/*.h</code>.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p><code class=
                  "varname">BUILDLINK_FILES_CMD.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> (not
                  shown above) is a shell pipeline that outputs to
                  stdout a list of files relative to <code class=
                  "filename">${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em>}</code>. The
                  resulting files are to be symlinked into
                  <code class="filename">${BUILDLINK_DIR}</code>.
                  By default, this takes the <code class=
                  "filename">+CONTENTS</code> of a <em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em> and filters
                  it through <code class=
                  "varname">${BUILDLINK_CONTENTS_FILTER.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em>}</code>.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p><code class=
                  "varname">BUILDLINK_CONTENTS_FILTER.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> (not
                  shown above) is a filter command that filters
                  <code class="filename">+CONTENTS</code> input
                  into a list of files relative to <code class=
                  "filename">${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em>}</code> on
                  stdout. By default for overwrite packages,
                  <code class=
                  "varname">BUILDLINK_CONTENTS_FILTER.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code>
                  outputs the contents of the <code class=
                  "filename">include</code> and <code class=
                  "filename">lib</code> directories in the package
                  <code class="filename">+CONTENTS</code>, and for
                  pkgviews packages, it outputs any libtool
                  archives in <code class="filename">lib</code>
                  directories.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p><code class=
                  "varname">BUILDLINK_TRANSFORM.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> (not
                  shown above) is a list of sed arguments used to
                  transform the name of the source filename into a
                  destination filename, e.g. <span><strong class=
                  "command">-e
                  "s|/curses.h|/ncurses.h|g"</strong></span>.</p>
                </li>
              </ul>
            </div>

            <p>The last section includes any <code class=
            "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> needed for <em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em>'s library
            dependencies. Including these <code class=
            "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> files means that the
            headers and libraries for these dependencies are also
            symlinked into <code class=
            "filename">${BUILDLINK_DIR}</code> whenever the
            <em class="replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em>
            <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code> file is
            included.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2588048" id=
                  "id2588048"></a>9.2.2. Updating <code class=
                  "varname">BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> in
                  <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code>
                  files</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>There are two situations that require increasing the
            dependency listed in <code class=
            "varname">BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.<em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> after a
            package update:</p>

            <div class="orderedlist">
              <ol type="1">
                <li>
                  <p>if the sonames (major number of the library
                  version) of any installed shared libraries
                  change;</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>if the API or interface to the header files
                  change.</p>
                </li>
              </ol>
            </div>

            <p>In these cases, <code class=
            "varname">BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.<em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> should be
            adjusted to require at least the new package version.
            In some cases, the packages that depend on this new
            version may need their <code class=
            "varname">PKGREVISION</code>s increased and, if they
            have <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code> files,
            their <code class=
            "varname">BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.<em class="replaceable"><code>
            pkg</code></em></code> adjusted, too. This is needed so
            that binary packages made using it will require the
            correct package dependency and not settle for an older
            one which will not contain the necessary shared
            libraries.</p>

            <p>Please take careful consideration before adjusting
            <code class="varname">BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.<em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> as we don't
            want to cause unneeded package deletions and rebuilds.
            In many cases, new versions of packages work just fine
            with older dependencies. See <a href="#dependencies"
            title="12.1.3.&nbsp;Handling dependencies">Section
            12.1.3, &#8220;Handling dependencies&#8221;</a> and
            <a href="#buildlink" title=
            "Chapter&nbsp;9.&nbsp;Buildlink methodology">Chapter 9,
            <i>Buildlink methodology</i></a> for more information
            about dependencies on other packages, including the
            <code class="varname">BUILDLINK_RECOMMENDED</code> and
            <code class="varname">RECOMMENDED</code>
            definitions.</p>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2588126" id="id2588126"></a>9.3.&nbsp;Writing
                <code class="filename">builtin.mk</code> files</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>Some packages in pkgsrc install headers and libraries
          that coincide with headers and libraries present in the
          base system. Aside from a <code class=
          "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> file, these packages
          should also include a <code class=
          "filename">builtin.mk</code> file that includes the
          necessary checks to decide whether using the built-in
          software or the pkgsrc software is appropriate.</p>

          <p>The only requirements of a builtin.mk file for
          <em class="replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em> are:</p>

          <div class="orderedlist">
            <ol type="1">
              <li>
                <p>It should set <code class=
                "varname">USE_BUILTIN.<em class=
                "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> to
                either &#8220;<span class="quote">yes</span>&#8221;
                or &#8220;<span class="quote">no</span>&#8221;
                after it is included.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>It should <span class=
                "emphasis"><em>not</em></span> override any
                <code class="varname">USE_BUILTIN.<em class=
                "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> which is
                already set before the <code class=
                "filename">builtin.mk</code> file is included.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>It should be written to allow multiple
                inclusion. This is <span class=
                "emphasis"><em>very</em></span> important and takes
                careful attention to <code class=
                "filename">Makefile</code> coding.</p>
              </li>
            </ol>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2588208" id=
                  "id2588208"></a>9.3.1.&nbsp;Anatomy of a
                  <code class="filename">builtin.mk</code>
                  file</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>The following is the recommended template for
            builtin.mk files:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
.if !defined(IS_BUILTIN.foo)
#
# IS_BUILTIN.foo is set to "yes" or "no" depending on whether "foo"
# genuinely exists in the system or not.
#
IS_BUILTIN.foo?=        no

# BUILTIN_PKG.foo should be set here if "foo" is built-in and its package
# version can be determined.
#
.  if !empty(IS_BUILTIN.foo:M[yY][eE][sS])
BUILTIN_PKG.foo?=       foo-1.0
.  endif
.endif  # IS_BUILTIN.foo

.if !defined(USE_BUILTIN.foo)
USE_BUILTIN.foo?=       ${IS_BUILTIN.foo}
.  if defined(BUILTIN_PKG.foo)
.    for _depend_ in ${BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.foo}
.      if !empty(USE_BUILTIN.foo:M[yY][eE][sS])
USE_BUILTIN.foo!=                                                       \
      if ${PKG_ADMIN} pmatch '${_depend_}' ${BUILTIN_PKG.foo}; then     \
              ${ECHO} "yes";                                            \
      else                                                              \
              ${ECHO} "no";                                             \
      fi
.      endif
.    endfor
.  endif
.endif  # USE_BUILTIN.foo

CHECK_BUILTIN.foo?=     no
.if !empty(CHECK_BUILTIN.foo:M[nN][oO])
#
# Here we place code that depends on whether USE_BUILTIN.foo is set to
# "yes" or "no".
#
.endif  # CHECK_BUILTIN.foo
      
</pre>

            <p>The first section sets <code class=
            "varname">IS_BUILTIN.<em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> depending on
            if <em class="replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em> really
            exists in the base system. This should not be a base
            system software with similar functionality to
            <em class="replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em>; it
            should only be &#8220;<span class=
            "quote">yes</span>&#8221; if the actual package is
            included as part of the base system. This variable is
            only used internally within the <code class=
            "filename">builtin.mk</code> file.</p>

            <p>The second section sets <code class=
            "varname">BUILTIN_PKG.<em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> to the
            version of <em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em> in the base system
            if it exists (if <code class=
            "varname">IS_BUILTIN.<em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> is
            &#8220;<span class="quote">yes</span>&#8221;). This
            variable is only used internally within the
            <code class="filename">builtin.mk</code> file.</p>

            <p>The third section sets <code class=
            "varname">USE_BUILTIN.<em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> and is
            <span class="emphasis"><em>required</em></span> in all
            <code class="filename">builtin.mk</code> files. The
            code in this section must make the determination
            whether the built-in software is adequate to satisfy
            the dependencies listed in <code class=
            "varname">BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.<em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code>. This is
            typically done by comparing <code class=
            "varname">BUILTIN_PKG.<em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> against each
            of the dependencies in <code class=
            "varname">BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.<em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code>.
            <code class="varname">USE_BUILTIN.<em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> <span class=
            "emphasis"><em>must</em></span> be set to the correct
            value by the end of the <code class=
            "filename">builtin.mk</code> file. Note that
            <code class="varname">USE_BUILTIN.<em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> may be
            &#8220;<span class="quote">yes</span>&#8221; even if
            <code class="varname">IS_BUILTIN.<em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> is
            &#8220;<span class="quote">no</span>&#8221; because we
            may make the determination that the built-in version of
            the software is similar enough to be used as a
            replacement.</p>

            <p>The last section is guarded by <code class=
            "varname">CHECK_BUILTIN.<em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code>, and
            includes code that uses the value of <code class=
            "varname">USE_BUILTIN.<em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> set in the
            previous section. This typically includes, e.g., adding
            additional dependency restrictions and listing
            additional files to symlink into <code class=
            "filename">${BUILDLINK_DIR}</code> (via <code class=
            "varname">BUILDLINK_FILES.<em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code>).</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2588366" id=
                  "id2588366"></a>9.3.2.&nbsp;Global preferences
                  for native or pkgsrc software</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>When building packages, it's possible to choose
            whether to set a global preference for using either the
            built-in (native) version or the pkgsrc version of
            software to satisfy a dependency. This is controlled by
            setting <code class="varname">PREFER_PKGSRC</code> and
            <code class="varname">PREFER_NATIVE</code>. These
            variables take values of either &#8220;<span class=
            "quote">yes</span>&#8221;, &#8220;<span class=
            "quote">no</span>&#8221;, or a list of packages.
            <code class="varname">PREFER_PKGSRC</code> tells pkgsrc
            to use the pkgsrc versions of software, while
            <code class="varname">PREFER_NATIVE</code> tells pkgsrc
            to use the built-in versions. Preferences are
            determined by the most specific instance of the package
            in either <code class="varname">PREFER_PKGSRC</code> or
            <code class="varname">PREFER_NATIVE</code>. If a
            package is specified in neither or in both variables,
            then <code class="varname">PREFER_PKGSRC</code> has
            precedence over <code class=
            "varname">PREFER_NATIVE</code>. For example, to require
            using pkgsrc versions of software for all but the most
            basic bits on a NetBSD system, you can set:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
        PREFER_PKGSRC=  yes
        PREFER_NATIVE=  getopt skey tcp_wrappers
      
</pre>

            <p>A package <span class=
            "emphasis"><em>must</em></span> have a <code class=
            "filename">builtin.mk</code> file to be listed in
            <code class="varname">PREFER_NATIVE</code>, otherwise
            it is simply ignored in that list.</p>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title"><a name="options" id=
              "options"></a>Chapter&nbsp;10.&nbsp;Options
              handling</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="toc">
          <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>

          <dl>
            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2588507">10.1.
            Global default options</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2588522">10.2.
            Converting packages to use <code class=
            "filename">bsd.options.mk</code></a></span></dt>
          </dl>
        </div>

        <p>Many packages have the ability to be built to support
        different sets of features. <code class=
        "filename">bsd.options.mk</code> is a framework in pkgsrc
        that provides generic handling of those options that
        determine different ways in which the packages can be
        built. It's possible for the user to specify exactly which
        sets of options will be built into a package or to allow a
        set of global default options apply.</p>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2588507" id="id2588507"></a>10.1.&nbsp;Global
                default options</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>Global default options are listed in <code class=
          "varname">PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS</code>, which is a list of
          the options that should be built into every package if
          that option is supported. This variable should be set in
          <code class="filename">/etc/mk.conf</code>.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2588522" id=
                "id2588522"></a>10.2.&nbsp;Converting packages to
                use <code class=
                "filename">bsd.options.mk</code></h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>The following example shows how <code class=
          "filename">bsd.options.mk</code> should be use in a
          package <code class="filename">Makefile</code>, or in a
          file, e.g. <code class="filename">options.mk</code>, that
          is included by the main package <code class=
          "filename">Makefile</code>.</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
# Global and legacy options
.if defined(WIBBLE_USE_OPENLDAP) &amp;&amp; !empty(WIBBLE_USE_OPENLDAP:M[yY][eE][sS])
PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS+=   ldap
.endif
.if defined(USE_SASL2) &amp;&amp; !empty(USE_SASL2:M[yY][eE][sS])
PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS+=   sasl
.endif

PKG_OPTIONS_VAR=        PKG_OPTIONS.wibble
PKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS=  ldap sasl
#
# Default options for "wibble" package.
#
.if !defined(PKG_OPTIONS.wibble)
PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS+=   sasl
endif
.include "../../mk/bsd.options.mk"

# Package-specific option-handling

###
### LDAP support
###
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mldap)
.  include "../../databases/openldap/buildlink3.mk"
CONFIGURE_ARGS+=      --enable-ldap=${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.openldap}
.endif

###
### SASL authentication
###
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Msasl)
.  include "../../security/cyrus-sasl2/buildlink3.mk"
CONFIGURE_ARGS+=        --enable-sasl=${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.sasl}
.endif
      
</pre>

          <p>The first section only exists if you are converting a
          package that had its own ad-hoc options handling to use
          <code class="filename">bsd.options.mk</code>. It converts
          global or legacy options variables into an equivalent
          <code class="varname">PKG_OPTIONS.<em class=
          "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> value. These
          sections will be removed over time as the old options are
          in turn deprecated and removed.</p>

          <p>The second section contains the information about
          which build options are supported by the package, and any
          default options settings if needed.</p>

          <div class="orderedlist">
            <ol type="1">
              <li>
                <p><code class="varname">PKG_OPTIONS_VAR</code> is
                a list of the name of the <a href=
                "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?make+1+NetBSD-current">
                <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
                "refentrytitle">make</span>(1)</span></a> variables
                that contain the options the user wishes to select.
                The recommended value is &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">PKG_OPTIONS.<em class=
                "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></span>&#8221;
                but any package-specific value may be used. This
                variable should be set in a package Makefile.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><code class=
                "varname">PKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS</code> is a list of
                build options supported by the package. This
                variable should be set in a package Makefile.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><code class="varname">${PKG_OPTIONS_VAR}</code>
                (the variables named in <code class=
                "varname">PKG_OPTIONS_VAR</code>) are variables
                that list the selected build options and override
                any default options given in <code class=
                "varname">PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS</code>. If any of the
                options begin with a &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">-</span>&#8221;, then that option is always
                removed from the selected build options, e.g.</p>
                <pre class="programlisting">
        PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS=    kerberos ldap sasl
        PKG_OPTIONS_VAR=        WIBBLE_OPTIONS
        WIBBLE_OPTIONS=         ${PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS} -sasl
        # implies PKG_OPTIONS == "kerberos ldap"
          
</pre>

                <p>or</p>
                <pre class="programlisting">
        PKG_OPTIONS_VAR=        WIBBLE_OPTIONS
        WIBBLE_OPTIONS=         kerberos -ldap ldap
        # implies PKG_OPTIONS == "kerberos"
          
</pre>

                <p>This variable should be set in <code class=
                "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code>.</p>
              </li>
            </ol>
          </div>

          <p>After the inclusion of bsd.options.mk, the following
          variables are set:</p>

          <div class="itemizedlist">
            <ul type="disc">
              <li>
                <p><code class="varname">PKG_OPTIONS</code>
                contains the list of the selected build options,
                properly filtered to remove unsupported and
                duplicate options.</p>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </div>

          <p>The remaining sections contain the logic that is
          specific to each option. There should be a check for
          every option listed in <code class=
          "varname">PKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS</code>, and there should
          be clear documentation on what turning on the option will
          do in the comments preceding each section. The correct
          way to check for an option is to check whether it is
          listed in <code class="varname">PKG_OPTIONS</code>.</p>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title"><a name="build" id=
              "build"></a>Chapter&nbsp;11.&nbsp;The build
              process</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="toc">
          <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>

          <dl>
            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#build.prefix">11.1.
            Program location</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2589198">11.2. Main
            targets</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href=
            "#build.helpful-targets">11.3. Other helpful
            targets</a></span></dt>
          </dl>
        </div>

        <p>The basic steps for building a program are always the
        same. First the program's source (<span class=
        "emphasis"><em>distfile</em></span>) must be brought to the
        local system and then extracted. After any patches to
        compile properly on NetBSD are applied, the software can be
        configured, then built (usually by compiling), and finally
        the generated binaries, etc. can be put into place on the
        system. These are exactly the steps performed by the NetBSD
        package system, which is implemented as a series of targets
        in a central Makefile, <code class=
        "filename">pkgsrc/mk/bsd.pkg.mk</code>.</p>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "build.prefix" id=
                "build.prefix"></a>11.1.&nbsp;Program location</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>Before outlining the process performed by the NetBSD
          package system in the next section, here's a brief
          discussion on where programs are installed, and which
          variables influence this.</p>

          <p>The automatic variable <code class=
          "varname">PREFIX</code> indicates where all files of the
          final program shall be installed. It is usually set to
          <code class="varname">LOCALBASE</code> (<code class=
          "filename">/usr/pkg</code>), or <code class=
          "varname">CROSSBASE</code> for pkgs in the
          &#8220;<span class="quote">cross</span>&#8221; category.
          The value of <code class="varname">PREFIX</code> needs to
          be put into the various places in the program's source
          where paths to these files are encoded. See <a href=
          "#components.patches" title=
          "7.3.&nbsp;patches/*">Section&nbsp;7.3,
          &#8220;patches/*&#8221;</a> and <a href="#fixes.libtool"
          title=
          "12.3.1.&nbsp;Shared libraries - libtool">Section&nbsp;12.3.1,
          &#8220;Shared libraries - libtool&#8221;</a> for more
          details.</p>

          <p>When choosing which of these variables to use, follow
          the following rules:</p>

          <div class="itemizedlist">
            <ul type="disc">
              <li>
                <p><code class="varname">PREFIX</code> always
                points to the location where the current pkg will
                be installed. When referring to a pkg's own
                installation path, use &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">${PREFIX}</span>&#8221;.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><code class="varname">LOCALBASE</code> is where
                all non-X11 pkgs are installed. If you need to
                construct a -I or -L argument to the compiler to
                find includes and libraries installed by another
                non-X11 pkg, use &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">${LOCALBASE}</span>&#8221;.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><code class="varname">X11BASE</code> is where
                the actual X11 distribution (from xsrc, etc.) is
                installed. When looking for <span class=
                "emphasis"><em>standard</em></span> X11 includes
                (not those installed by a pkg), use
                &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">${X11BASE}</span>&#8221;.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>X11 based are special in that they may be
                installed in either <code class=
                "varname">X11BASE</code> or <code class=
                "varname">LOCALBASE</code>.</p>

                <p>Usually, X11 packages should be installed under
                <code class="varname">LOCALBASE</code> whenever
                possible. Note that you will need to set
                <code class="varname">USE_X11</code> in them to
                request the presence of X11 and to get the right
                compilation flags.</p>

                <p>Even though, there are some packages that cannot
                be installed under <code class=
                "varname">LOCALBASE</code>: those that come with
                app-defaults files. These packages are special and
                they must be placed under <code class=
                "varname">X11BASE</code>. To accomplish this, set
                either <code class="varname">USE_X11BASE</code> or
                <code class="varname">USE_IMAKE</code> in your
                package.</p>

                <p>Some notes: <code class="varname">USE_X11</code>
                and <code class="varname">USE_X11BASE</code> are
                mutually exclusive. If you need to find includes or
                libraries installed by a pkg that has <code class=
                "varname">USE_IMAKE</code> or <code class=
                "varname">USE_X11BASE</code> in its pkg
                <code class="filename">Makefile</code>, you need to
                use <span class="emphasis"><em>both</em></span>
                <code class="filename">${X11BASE}</code> and
                <code class="filename">${LOCALBASE}</code>. To
                force installation of all X11 packages in
                <code class="varname">LOCALBASE</code>, the
                <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"
                href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/xpkgwedge/README.html"
                class="pkgname">pkgtools/xpkgwedge</a> is enabled
                by default.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><code class="varname">X11PREFIX</code> should be
                used to refer to the installed location of an X11
                package. <code class="varname">X11PREFIX</code>
                will be set to <code class="varname">X11BASE</code>
                if xpkgwedge is not installed, and to <code class=
                "varname">LOCALBASE</code> if xpkgwedge is
                installed.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>If xpkgwedge is installed, it is possible to
                have some packages installed in <code class=
                "varname">X11BASE</code> and some in <code class=
                "varname">LOCALBASE</code>. To determine the prefix
                of an installed package, the <code class=
                "varname">EVAL_PREFIX</code> definition can be
                used. It takes pairs in the format
                &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">DIRNAME=&lt;package&gt;</span>&#8221;, and
                the make(1) variable <code class=
                "varname">DIRNAME</code> will be set to the prefix
                of the installed package &lt;package&gt;, or
                &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">${X11PREFIX}</span>&#8221; if the package
                is not installed.</p>

                <p>This is best illustrated by example.</p>

                <p>The following lines are taken from <code class=
                "filename">pkgsrc/wm/scwm/Makefile</code>:</p>
                <pre class="programlisting">
EVAL_PREFIX+=           GTKDIR=gtk+
CONFIGURE_ARGS+=        --with-guile-prefix=${LOCALBASE}        \
                        --with-gtk-prefix="${GTKDIR}"           \
                        --enable-multibyte
</pre>

                <p>Specific defaults can be defined for the
                packages evaluated using <code class=
                "varname">EVAL_PREFIX</code>, by using a definition
                of the form:</p>
                <pre class="programlisting">
GTKDIR_DEFAULT= ${LOCALBASE}
</pre>

                <p>where <code class="varname">GTKDIR</code>
                corresponds to the first definition in the
                <code class="varname">EVAL_PREFIX</code> pair.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Within <code class="filename">${PREFIX}</code>,
                packages should install files according to hier(7),
                with the exception that manual pages go into
                <code class="filename">${PREFIX}/man</code>, not
                <code class=
                "filename">${PREFIX}/share/man</code>.</p>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2589198" id="id2589198"></a>11.2.&nbsp;Main
                targets</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>The main targets used during the build process defined
          in <code class="filename">bsd.pkg.mk</code> are:</p>

          <div class="variablelist">
            <dl>
              <dt><span class="term">fetch</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>This will check if the file(s) given in the
                variables <code class="varname">DISTFILES</code>
                and <code class="varname">PATCHFILES</code> (as
                defined in the package's Makefile) are present on
                the local system in <code class=
                "filename">/usr/pkgsrc/distfiles</code>. If they
                are not present, an attempt will be made to fetch
                them using commands of the form:</p>
                <pre class="programlisting">
${FETCH_CMD} ${FETCH_BEFORE_ARGS} ${site}${file} ${FETCH_AFTER_ARGS}
</pre>

                <p>where ${site} varies through several
                possibilities in turn: first, <code class=
                "varname">MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE</code> is tried,
                then the sites specified in either <code class=
                "varname">SITES_file</code> if defined, else
                <code class="varname">MASTER_SITES</code> or
                <code class="varname">PATCH_SITES</code>, as
                applies, then finally the value of <code class=
                "varname">MASTER_SITE_BACKUP</code>. The order of
                all except the first can be optionally sorted by
                the user, via setting either <code class=
                "varname">MASTER_SORT_AWK</code> or <code class=
                "varname">MASTER_SORT_REGEX</code>.</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">checksum</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>After the distfile(s) are fetched, their
                checksum is generated and compared with the
                checksums stored in the distinfo file. If the
                checksums don't match, the build is aborted. This
                is to ensure the same distfile is used for
                building, and that the distfile wasn't changed,
                e.g. by some malign force, deliberately changed
                distfiles on the master distribution site or
                network lossage.</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">extract</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>When the distfiles are present on the local
                system, they need to be extracted, as they are
                usually in the form of some compressed archive
                format, most commonly <code class=
                "filename">.tar.gz</code>.</p>

                <p>If only some of the distfiles need to be
                uncompressed, the files to be uncompressed should
                be put into <code class=
                "varname">EXTRACT_ONLY</code>.</p>

                <p>If the distfiles are not in <code class=
                "filename">.tar.gz</code> format, they can be
                extracted by setting either <code class=
                "varname">EXTRACT_SUFX</code>, or <code class=
                "varname">EXTRACT_CMD</code>, <code class=
                "varname">EXTRACT_BEFORE_ARGS</code> and
                <code class="varname">EXTRACT_AFTER_ARGS</code>. In
                the former case, pkgsrc knows how to extract a
                number of suffixes (<code class=
                "filename">.tar.gz</code>, <code class=
                "filename">.tgz</code>, <code class=
                "filename">.tar.gz2</code>, <code class=
                "filename">.tbz</code>, <code class=
                "filename">.tar.Z</code>, <code class=
                "filename">.tar</code>, <code class=
                "filename">.shar.gz</code>, <code class=
                "filename">.shar.bz2</code>, <code class=
                "filename">.shar.Z</code>, <code class=
                "filename">.shar</code>, <code class=
                "filename">.Z</code>, <code class=
                "filename">.bz2</code> and <code class=
                "filename">.gz</code>; see the definition of the
                various <code class="varname">DECOMPRESS_CMD</code>
                variables <code class="filename">bsd.pkg.mk</code>
                for a complete list). Here's an example on how to
                use the other variables for a program that comes
                with a compressed shell archive whose name ends in
                <code class="filename">.msg.gz</code>:</p>
                <pre class="programlisting">
     EXTRACT_SUFX=   .msg.gz
     EXTRACT_CMD=            zcat
     EXTRACT_BEFORE_ARGS=
     EXTRACT_AFTER_ARGS=     |sh
</pre>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">patch</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>After extraction, all the patches named by the
                <code class="varname">PATCHFILES</code>, those
                present in the patches subdirectory of the package
                as well as in $LOCALPATCHES/$PKGPATH (e.g.
                <code class=
                "filename">/usr/local/patches/graphics/png</code>)
                are applied. Patchfiles ending in <code class=
                "filename">.Z</code> or <code class=
                "filename">.gz</code> are uncompressed before they
                are applied, files ending in <code class=
                "filename">.orig</code> or <code class=
                "filename">.rej</code> are ignored. Any special
                options to patch(1) can be handed in <code class=
                "varname">PATCH_DIST_ARGS</code>. See <a href=
                "#components.patches" title=
                "7.3.&nbsp;patches/*">Section&nbsp;7.3,
                &#8220;patches/*&#8221;</a> for more details.</p>

                <p>By default patch(1) is given special args to
                make it fail if the patches apply with some lines
                of fuzz. Please fix (regen) the patches so that
                they apply cleanly. The rationale behind this is
                that patches that don't apply cleanly may end up
                being applied in the wrong place, and cause severe
                harm there.</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">configure</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>Most pieces of software need information on the
                header files, system calls, and library routines
                which are available in NetBSD. This is the process
                known as configuration, and is usually automated.
                In most cases, a script is supplied with the
                source, and its invocation results in generation of
                header files, Makefiles, etc.</p>

                <p>If the program's distfile contains its own
                configure script, this can be invoked by setting
                <code class="varname">HAS_CONFIGURE</code>. If the
                configure script is a GNU autoconf script,
                <code class="varname">GNU_CONFIGURE</code> should
                be specified instead. In either case, any arguments
                to the configure script can be specified in the
                <code class="varname">CONFIGURE_ARGS</code>
                variable, and the configure script's name can be
                set in <code class=
                "varname">CONFIGURE_SCRIPT</code> if it differs
                from the default &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">configure</span>&#8221;. Here's an example
                from the <a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/sysutils/top/README.html"
                class="pkgname">sysutils/top</a> package:</p>
                <pre class="programlisting">
HAS_CONFIGURE=          yes
CONFIGURE_SCRIPT=       Configure
CONFIGURE_ARGS+=        netbsd13
</pre>

                <p>If the program uses an Imakefile for
                configuration, the appropriate steps can be invoked
                by setting <code class="varname">USE_IMAKE</code>
                to &#8220;<span class="quote">YES</span>&#8221;.
                (If you only want the package installed in
                <code class="varname">$X11PREFIX</code> but xmkmf
                not being run, set <code class=
                "varname">USE_X11BASE</code> instead!)</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">build</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>Once configuration has taken place, the software
                will be built by invoking <code class=
                "varname">$MAKE_PROGRAM</code> on <code class=
                "varname">$MAKEFILE</code> with <code class=
                "varname">$ALL_TARGET</code> as the target to
                build. The default <code class=
                "varname">MAKE_PROGRAM</code> is
                &#8220;<span class="quote">gmake</span>&#8221; if
                <code class="varname">USE_GNU_TOOLS</code> contains
                &#8220;<span class="quote">make</span>&#8221;,
                &#8220;<span class="quote">make</span>&#8221;
                otherwise. <code class="varname">MAKEFILE</code> is
                set to &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">Makefile</span>&#8221; by default, and
                <code class="varname">ALL_TARGET</code> defaults to
                &#8220;<span class="quote">all</span>&#8221;. Any
                of these variables can be set in the package's
                Makefile to change the default build process.</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">install</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>Once the build stage has completed, the final
                step is to install the software in public
                directories, so users can access the programs and
                files. As in the build-target, <code class=
                "varname">$MAKE_PROGRAM</code> is invoked on
                <code class="varname">$MAKEFILE</code> here, but
                with the <code class=
                "varname">$INSTALL_TARGET</code> instead, the
                latter defaulting to &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">install</span>&#8221; (plus
                &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">install.man</span>&#8221;, if <code class=
                "varname">USE_IMAKE</code> is set).</p>
              </dd>
            </dl>
          </div>

          <p>If no target is specified, the default is
          &#8220;<span class="quote">build</span>&#8221;. If a
          subsequent stage is requested, all prior stages are made:
          e.g. <span><strong class="command">make
          build</strong></span> will also perform the equivalent
          of:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
make fetch
make checksum
make extract
make patch
make configure
make build
</pre>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "build.helpful-targets" id=
                "build.helpful-targets"></a>11.3.&nbsp;Other
                helpful targets</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="variablelist">
            <dl>
              <dt><span class="term">pre/post-*</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>For any of the main targets described in the
                previous section, two auxiliary targets exist with
                &#8220;<span class="quote">pre-</span>&#8221; and
                &#8220;<span class="quote">post-</span>&#8221; used
                as a prefix for the main target's name. These
                targets are invoked before and after the main
                target is called, allowing extra configuration or
                installation steps be performed from a package's
                Makefile, for example, which a program's configure
                script or install target omitted.</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">do-*</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>Should one of the main targets do the wrong
                thing, and should there be no variable to fix this,
                you can redefine it with the do-* target. (Note
                that redefining the target itself instead of the
                do-* target is a bad idea, as the pre-* and post-*
                targets won't be called anymore, etc.) You will not
                usually need to do this.</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">reinstall</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>If you did a <span><strong class="command">make
                install</strong></span> and you noticed some file
                was not installed properly, you can repeat the
                installation with this target, which will ignore
                the &#8220;<span class="quote">already
                installed</span>&#8221; flag.</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">deinstall</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>This target does a pkg_delete(1) in the current
                directory, effectively de-installing the package.
                The following variables can be used to tune the
                behaviour:</p>

                <div class="variablelist">
                  <dl>
                    <dt><span class="term"><code class=
                    "varname">PKG_VERBOSE</code></span></dt>

                    <dd>
                      <p>Add a "-v" to the <a href=
                      "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?pkg_delete+1+NetBSD-current">
                      <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
                      "refentrytitle">pkg_delete</span>(1)</span></a>
                      command.</p>
                    </dd>

                    <dt><span class="term"><code class=
                    "varname">DEINSTALLDEPENDS</code></span></dt>

                    <dd>
                      <p>Remove all packages that require (depend
                      on) the given package. This can be used to
                      remove any packages that may have been pulled
                      in by a given package, e.g. if
                      <span><strong class="command">make deinstall
                      DEINSTALLDEPENDS=1</strong></span> is done in
                      <code class="filename">pkgsrc/x11/kde</code>,
                      this is likely to remove whole KDE. Works by
                      adding &#8220;<span class=
                      "quote">-R</span>&#8221; to the <a href=
                      "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?pkg_delete+1+NetBSD-current">
                      <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
                      "refentrytitle">pkg_delete</span>(1)</span></a>
                      command line.</p>
                    </dd>
                  </dl>
                </div>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">update</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>This target causes the current package to be
                updated to the latest version. The package and all
                depending packages first get de-installed, then
                current versions of the corresponding packages get
                compiled and installed. This is similar to manually
                noting which packages are currently installed, then
                performing a series of <span><strong class=
                "command">make deinstall</strong></span> and
                <span><strong class="command">make
                install</strong></span> (or whatever <code class=
                "varname">UPDATE_TARGET</code> is set to) for these
                packages.</p>

                <p>You can use the &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">update</span>&#8221; target to resume
                package updating in case a previous
                <span><strong class="command">make
                update</strong></span> was interrupted for some
                reason. However, in this case, make sure you don't
                call <span><strong class="command">make
                clean</strong></span> or otherwise remove the list
                of dependent packages in <code class=
                "varname">WRKDIR</code>. Otherwise you lose the
                ability to automatically update the current package
                along with the dependent packages you have
                installed.</p>

                <p>Resuming an interrupted <span><strong class=
                "command">make update</strong></span> will only
                work as long as the package tree remains unchanged.
                If the source code for one of the packages to be
                updated has been changed, resuming
                <span><strong class="command">make
                update</strong></span> will most certainly
                fail!</p>

                <p>The following variables can be used either on
                the command line or in <code class=
                "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code> to alter the
                behaviour of <span><strong class="command">make
                update</strong></span>:</p>

                <div class="variablelist">
                  <dl>
                    <dt><span class="term"><code class=
                    "varname">UPDATE_TARGET</code></span></dt>

                    <dd>
                      <p>Install target to recursively use for the
                      updated package and the dependent packages.
                      Defaults to <code class=
                      "varname">DEPENDS_TARGET</code> if set,
                      &#8220;<span class=
                      "quote">install</span>&#8221; otherwise for
                      <span><strong class="command">make
                      update</strong></span>. e.g.
                      <span><strong class="command">make update
                      UPDATE_TARGET=package</strong></span></p>
                    </dd>

                    <dt><span class="term"><code class=
                    "varname">NOCLEAN</code></span></dt>

                    <dd>
                      <p>Don't clean up after updating. Useful if
                      you want to leave the work sources of the
                      updated packages around for inspection or
                      other purposes. Be sure you eventually clean
                      up the source tree (see the
                      &#8220;<span class=
                      "quote">clean-update</span>&#8221; target
                      below) or you may run into troubles with old
                      source code still lying around on your next
                      <span><strong class=
                      "command">make</strong></span> or
                      <span><strong class="command">make
                      update</strong></span>.</p>
                    </dd>

                    <dt><span class="term"><code class=
                    "varname">REINSTALL</code></span></dt>

                    <dd>
                      <p>Deinstall each package before installing
                      (making <code class=
                      "varname">DEPENDS_TARGET</code>). This may be
                      necessary if the &#8220;<span class=
                      "quote">clean-update</span>&#8221; target
                      (see below) was called after interrupting a
                      running <span><strong class="command">make
                      update</strong></span>.</p>
                    </dd>

                    <dt><span class="term"><code class=
                    "varname">DEPENDS_TARGET</code></span></dt>

                    <dd>
                      <p>Allows you to disable recursion and
                      hardcode the target for packages. The default
                      is &#8220;<span class=
                      "quote">update</span>&#8221; for the update
                      target, facilitating a recursive update of
                      prerequisite packages. Only set <code class=
                      "varname">DEPENDS_TARGET</code> if you want
                      to disable recursive updates. Use
                      <code class="varname">UPDATE_TARGET</code>
                      instead to just set a specific target for
                      each package to be installed during
                      <span><strong class="command">make
                      update</strong></span> (see above).</p>
                    </dd>
                  </dl>
                </div>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">clean-update</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>Clean the source tree for all packages that
                would get updated if <span><strong class=
                "command">make update</strong></span> was called
                from the current directory. This target should not
                be used if the current package (or any of its
                depending packages) have already been de-installed
                (e.g., after calling <span><strong class=
                "command">make update</strong></span>) or you may
                lose some packages you intended to update. As a
                rule of thumb: only use this target <span class=
                "emphasis"><em>before</em></span> the first time
                you run <span><strong class="command">make
                update</strong></span> and only if you have a dirty
                package tree (e.g., if you used <code class=
                "varname">NOCLEAN</code>).</p>

                <p>If you unsure about whether your tree is clean
                you can either perform a <span><strong class=
                "command">make clean</strong></span> at the top of
                the tree, or use the following sequence of commands
                from the directory of the package you want to
                update (<span class=
                "emphasis"><em>before</em></span> running
                <span><strong class="command">make
                update</strong></span> for the first time,
                otherwise you lose all the packages you wanted to
                update!):</p>
                <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make clean-update</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make clean CLEANDEPENDS=YES</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make update</code></strong>
</pre>

                <p>The following variables can be used either on
                the command line or in <code class=
                "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code> to alter the
                behaviour of <span><strong class="command">make
                clean-update</strong></span>:</p>

                <div class="variablelist">
                  <dl>
                    <dt><span class="term"><code class=
                    "varname">CLEAR_DIRLIST</code></span></dt>

                    <dd>
                      <p>After <span><strong class="command">make
                      clean</strong></span>, do not reconstruct the
                      list of directories to update for this
                      package. Only use this if
                      <span><strong class="command">make
                      update</strong></span> successfully installed
                      all packages you wanted to update. Normally,
                      this is done automatically on
                      <span><strong class="command">make
                      update</strong></span>, but may have been
                      suppressed by the <code class=
                      "varname">NOCLEAN</code> variable (see
                      above).</p>
                    </dd>
                  </dl>
                </div>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">info</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>This target invokes <a href=
                "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?pkg_info+1+NetBSD-current">
                <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
                "refentrytitle">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a> for
                the current package. You can use this to check
                which version of a package is installed.</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">readme</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>This target generates a <code class=
                "filename">README.html</code> file, which can be
                viewed using a browser such as <a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/www/mozilla/README.html"
                class="pkgname">www/mozilla</a> or <a xmlns=
                "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/www/links/README.html"
                class="pkgname">www/links</a>. The generated files
                contain references to any packages which are in the
                <code class="varname">PACKAGES</code> directory on
                the local host. The generated files can be made to
                refer to URLs based on <code class=
                "varname">FTP_PKG_URL_HOST</code> and <code class=
                "varname">FTP_PKG_URL_DIR</code>. For example, if I
                wanted to generate <code class=
                "filename">README.html</code> files which pointed
                to binary packages on the local machine, in the
                directory <code class=
                "filename">/usr/packages</code>, set <code class=
                "varname">FTP_PKG_URL_HOST=file://localhost</code>
                and <code class=
                "varname">FTP_PKG_URL_DIR=/usr/packages</code>. The
                <code class="varname">${PACKAGES}</code> directory
                and its subdirectories will be searched for all the
                binary packages.</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">readme-all</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>Use this target to create a file <code class=
                "filename">README-all.html</code> which contains a
                list of all packages currently available in the
                NetBSD Packages Collection, together with the
                category they belong to and a short description.
                This file is compiled from the <code class=
                "filename">pkgsrc/*/README.html</code> files, so be
                sure to run this <span class=
                "emphasis"><em>after</em></span> a
                <span><strong class="command">make
                readme</strong></span>.</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">cdrom-readme</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>This is very much the same as the
                &#8220;<span class="quote">readme</span>&#8221;
                target (see above), but is to be used when
                generating a pkgsrc tree to be written to a CD-ROM.
                This target also produces <code class=
                "filename">README.html</code> files, and can be
                made to refer to URLs based on <code class=
                "varname">CDROM_PKG_URL_HOST</code> and
                <code class="varname">CDROM_PKG_URL_DIR</code>.</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">show-distfiles</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>This target shows which distfiles and patchfiles
                are needed to build the package. (<code class=
                "varname">DISTFILES</code> and <code class=
                "varname">PATCHFILES</code>, but not <code class=
                "filename">patches/*</code>)</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">show-downlevel</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>This target shows nothing if the package is not
                installed. If a version of this package is
                installed, but is not the version provided in this
                version of pkgsrc, then a warning message is
                displayed. This target can be used to show which of
                your installed packages are downlevel, and so the
                old versions can be deleted, and the current ones
                added.</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">show-pkgsrc-dir</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>This target shows the directory in the pkgsrc
                hierarchy from which the package can be built and
                installed. This may not be the same directory as
                the one from which the package was installed. This
                target is intended to be used by people who may
                wish to upgrade many packages on a single host, and
                can be invoked from the top-level pkgsrc Makefile
                by using the &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">show-host-specific-pkgs</span>&#8221;
                target.</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class=
              "term">show-installed-depends</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>This target shows which installed packages match
                the current package's <code class=
                "varname">DEPENDS</code>. Useful if out of date
                dependencies are causing build problems.</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">check-shlibs</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>After a package is installed, check all its
                binaries and (on ELF platforms) shared libraries to
                see if they find the shared libs they need. Run by
                default if <code class=
                "varname">PKG_DEVELOPER</code> is set in
                <code class="filename">/etc/mk.conf</code>.</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">print-PLIST</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>After a &#8220;<span class="quote">make
                install</span>&#8221; from a new or upgraded pkg,
                this prints out an attempt to generate a new
                <code class="filename">PLIST</code> from a
                <span><strong class="command">find -newer
                work/.extract_done</strong></span>. An attempt is
                made to care for shared libs etc., but it is
                <span class="emphasis"><em>strongly</em></span>
                recommended to review the result before putting it
                into <code class="filename">PLIST</code>. On
                upgrades, it's useful to diff the output of this
                command against an already existing <code class=
                "filename">PLIST</code> file.</p>

                <p>If the package installs files via tar(1) or
                other methods that don't update file access times,
                be sure to add these files manually to your
                <code class="filename">PLIST</code>, as the
                &#8220;<span class="quote">find
                -newer</span>&#8221; command used by this target
                won't catch them!</p>

                <p>See <a href="#print-PLIST" title=
                "8.3.&nbsp;Tweaking output of make print-PLIST">Section&nbsp;8.3,
                &#8220;Tweaking output of <span><strong class=
                "command">make
                print-PLIST</strong></span>&#8221;</a> for more
                information on this target.</p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">bulk-package</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>Used to do bulk builds. If an appropriate binary
                package already exists, no action is taken. If not,
                this target will compile, install and package it
                (and it's depends, if <code class=
                "varname">PKG_DEPENDS</code> is set properly. See
                <a href="#binary.configuration" title=
                "5.3.1.&nbsp;Configuration">Section&nbsp;5.3.1,
                &#8220;Configuration&#8221;</a>. After creating the
                binary package, the sources, the just-installed
                package and it's required packages are removed,
                preserving free disk space.</p>

                <p><span class="emphasis"><em>Beware that this
                target may deinstall all packages installed on a
                system!</em></span></p>
              </dd>

              <dt><span class="term">bulk-install</span></dt>

              <dd>
                <p>Used during bulk-installs to install required
                packages. If an upto-date binary package is
                available, it will be installed via <a href=
                "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?pkg_add+1+NetBSD-current">
                <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
                "refentrytitle">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>. If
                not, <span><strong class="command">make
                bulk-package</strong></span> will be executed, but
                the installed binary not be removed.</p>

                <p>A binary package is considered
                &#8220;<span class="quote">upto-date</span>&#8221;
                to be installed via <a href=
                "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?pkg_add+1+NetBSD-current">
                <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
                "refentrytitle">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>
                if:</p>

                <div class="itemizedlist">
                  <ul type="disc">
                    <li>
                      <p>None of the package's files (<code class=
                      "filename">Makefile</code>, ...) were
                      modified since it was built.</p>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                      <p>None of the package's required (binary)
                      packages were modified since it was
                      built.</p>
                    </li>
                  </ul>
                </div>

                <p><span class="emphasis"><em>Beware that this
                target may deinstall all packages installed on a
                system!</em></span></p>
              </dd>
            </dl>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title"><a name="fixes" id=
              "fixes"></a>Chapter&nbsp;12.&nbsp;Notes on fixes for
              packages</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="toc">
          <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>

          <dl>
            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2590531">12.1.
            General operation</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2590534">12.1.1. How to pull in variables from
                /etc/mk.conf</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2590685">12.1.2. Restricted
                packages</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#dependencies">12.1.3. Handling
                dependencies</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2591201">12.1.4. Handling conflicts with other
                packages</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2591251">12.1.5. Packages that cannot or should
                not be built</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2591413">12.1.6. Packages which should not be
                deleted, once installed</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#security-handling">12.1.7. Handling packages with
                security problems</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2591505">12.1.8. How to handle compiler
                bugs</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2591527">12.1.9. How to handle incrementing
                versions when fixing an existing
                package</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2591644">12.1.10. Portability of
                packages</a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2591669">12.2.
            Possible downloading issues</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2591672">12.2.1. Packages whose distfiles
                aren't available for plain
                downloading</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2591735">12.2.2. How to handle modified
                distfiles with the 'old' name</a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2591747">12.3.
            Configuration gotchas</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#fixes.libtool">12.3.1. Shared libraries -
                libtool</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2592086">12.3.2. Using libtool on GNU packages
                that already support libtool</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2592238">12.3.3. GNU
                Autoconf/Automake</a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2592283">12.4.
            Building considerations</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2592286">12.4.1. CPP defines</a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2592316">12.5.
            Package specific actions</a></span></dt>

            <dd>
              <dl>
                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2592320">12.5.1. Package configuration
                files</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2592490">12.5.2. User
                interaction</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2592535">12.5.3. Handling
                licenses</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2592686">12.5.4. Creating an account from a
                package</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2592748">12.5.5. Installing score
                files</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2592929">12.5.6. Packages providing login
                shells</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2593054">12.5.7. Packages containing perl
                scripts</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2593073">12.5.8. Packages with hardcoded paths
                to other interpreters</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2593094">12.5.9. Packages installing perl
                modules</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#faq.info-files">12.5.10. Packages installing info
                files</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2593450">12.5.11. Packages installing GConf2
                data files</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2593550">12.5.12. Packages installing
                scrollkeeper data files</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2593602">12.5.13. Packages installing X11
                fonts</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2593649">12.5.14. Packages installing GTK2
                modules</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2593718">12.5.15. Packages installing SGML or
                XML data</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2593770">12.5.16. Packages installing
                extensions to the MIME database</a></span></dt>

                <dt><span class="sect2"><a href=
                "#id2593841">12.5.17. Packages using
                intltool</a></span></dt>
              </dl>
            </dd>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2593854">12.6.
            Feedback to the author</a></span></dt>
          </dl>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2590531" id="id2590531"></a>12.1.&nbsp;General
                operation</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2590534" id=
                  "id2590534"></a>12.1.1.&nbsp;How to pull in
                  variables from /etc/mk.conf</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>The problem with package-defined variables that can
            be overridden via <code class="varname">MAKECONF</code>
            or <code class="filename">/etc/mk.conf</code> is that
            <a href=
            "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?make+1+NetBSD-current">
            <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
            "refentrytitle">make</span>(1)</span></a> expands a
            variable as it is used, but evaluates preprocessor like
            statements (.if, .ifdef and .ifndef) as they are read.
            So, to use any variable (which may be set in
            <code class="filename">/etc/mk.conf</code>) in one of
            the .if* statements, the file <code class=
            "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code> must be included before
            that .if* statement.</p>

            <p>Rather than have a number of ad-hoc ways of
            including <code class="filename">/etc/mk.conf</code>,
            should it exist, or <code class=
            "varname">MAKECONF</code>, should it exist, include the
            <code class="filename">pkgsrc/mk/bsd.prefs.mk</code>
            file in the package Makefile before any
            preprocessor-like .if, .ifdef, or .ifndef
            statements:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
.include "../../mk/bsd.prefs.mk"
    
    .if defined(USE_MENUS)
      ...
    .endif
</pre>

            <p>If you wish to set the <code class=
            "varname">CFLAGS</code> variable in <code class=
            "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code> please make sure to
            use:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
CFLAGS+=  -your -flags
</pre>

            <p>Using <code class="varname">CFLAGS=</code> (i.e.
            without the &#8220;<span class="quote">+</span>&#8221;)
            may lead to problems with packages that need to add
            their own flags. Also, you may want to take a look at
            the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"
            href=
            "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/devel/cpuflags/README.html"
            class="pkgname">devel/cpuflags</a> package if you're
            interested in optimization for the current CPU.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2590685" id=
                  "id2590685"></a>12.1.2.&nbsp;Restricted
                  packages</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Some licenses restrict how software may be
            re-distributed. In order to satisfy these restrictions,
            the package system defines five make variables that can
            be set to note these restrictions:</p>

            <div class="itemizedlist">
              <ul type="disc">
                <li>
                  <p><code class="varname">RESTRICTED</code></p>

                  <p>This variable should be set whenever a
                  restriction exists (regardless of its kind). Set
                  this variable to a string containing the reason
                  for the restriction.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p><code class=
                  "varname">NO_BIN_ON_CDROM</code></p>

                  <p>Binaries may not be placed on CD-ROM. Set this
                  variable to <code class=
                  "varname">${RESTRICTED}</code> whenever a binary
                  package may not be included on a CD-ROM.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p><code class="varname">NO_BIN_ON_FTP</code></p>

                  <p>Binaries may not be placed on an FTP server.
                  Set this variable to <code class=
                  "varname">${RESTRICTED}</code> whenever a binary
                  package may not not be made available on the
                  Internet.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p><code class=
                  "varname">NO_SRC_ON_CDROM</code></p>

                  <p>Distfiles may not be placed on CD-ROM. Set
                  this variable to <code class=
                  "varname">${RESTRICTED}</code> if re-distribution
                  of the source code or other distfile(s) is not
                  allowed on CD-ROMs.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p><code class="varname">NO_SRC_ON_FTP</code></p>

                  <p>Distfiles may not be placed on FTP. Set this
                  variable to <code class=
                  "varname">${RESTRICTED}</code> if re-distribution
                  of the source code or other distfile(s) via the
                  Internet is not allowed.</p>
                </li>
              </ul>
            </div>

            <p>Please note that the use of <code class=
            "varname">NO_PACKAGE</code>, <code class=
            "varname">IGNORE</code>, <code class=
            "varname">NO_CDROM</code>, or other generic make
            variables to denote restrictions is deprecated, because
            they unconditionally prevent users from generating
            binary packages!</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="dependencies" id=
                  "dependencies"></a>12.1.3.&nbsp;Handling
                  dependencies</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Your package may depend on some other package being
            present - and there are various ways of expressing this
            dependency. pkgsrc supports the <code class=
            "varname">BUILD_DEPENDS</code> and <code class=
            "varname">DEPENDS</code> definitions, as well as
            dependencies via <code class=
            "filename">buildlink3.mk</code>, which is the preferred
            way to handle dependencies, and which uses the
            variables named above. See <a href="#buildlink" title=
            "Chapter&nbsp;9.&nbsp;Buildlink methodology">Chapter&nbsp;9,
            <i>Buildlink methodology</i></a> for more
            information.</p>

            <p>The basic difference between the two variables is as
            follows: The <code class="varname">DEPENDS</code>
            definition registers that pre-requisite in the binary
            package so it will be pulled in when the binary package
            is later installed, whilst the <code class=
            "varname">BUILD_DEPENDS</code> definition does not,
            marking a dependency that is only needed for building
            the package.</p>

            <p>This means that if you only need a package present
            whilst you are building, it should be noted as a
            <code class="varname">BUILD_DEPENDS</code>.</p>

            <p>The format for a <code class=
            "varname">BUILD_DEPENDS</code> and a <code class=
            "varname">DEPENDS</code> definition is:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
&lt;pre-req-package-name&gt;:../../&lt;category&gt;/&lt;pre-req-package&gt;
</pre>

            <p>Please note that the &#8220;<span class=
            "quote">pre-req-package-name</span>&#8221; may include
            any of the wildcard version numbers recognised by
            <a href=
            "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?pkg_info+1+NetBSD-current">
            <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
            "refentrytitle">pkg_info</span>(1)</span></a>.</p>

            <div class="orderedlist">
              <ol type="1">
                <li>
                  <p>If your package needs another package's
                  binaries or libraries to build or run, and if
                  that package has a <code class=
                  "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> file available,
                  use it:</p>
                  <pre class="programlisting">
    .include "../../graphics/jpeg/buildlink3.mk"
    
</pre>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>If your package needs to use another package
                  to build itself and there is no <code class=
                  "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> file available,
                  use the <code class=
                  "varname">BUILD_DEPENDS</code> definition:</p>
                  <pre class="programlisting">
BUILD_DEPENDS+=  autoconf-2.13:../../devel/autoconf
</pre>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>If your package needs a library with which to
                  link and again there is no <code class=
                  "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> file available,
                  this is specified using the <code class=
                  "varname">DEPENDS</code> definition. An example
                  of this is the <a xmlns=
                  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                  "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/print/lyx/README.html"
                  class="pkgname">print/lyx</a> package, which uses
                  the xpm library, version 3.4j to build:</p>
                  <pre class="programlisting">
DEPENDS+=       xpm-3.4j:../../graphics/xpm
</pre>

                  <p>You can also use wildcards in package
                  dependences:</p>
                  <pre class="programlisting">
DEPENDS+=       xpm-[0-9]*:../../graphics/xpm
</pre>

                  <p>Note that such wildcard dependencies are
                  retained when creating binary packages. The
                  dependency is checked when installing the binary
                  package and any package which matches the pattern
                  will be used. Wildcard dependencies should be
                  used with care.</p>

                  <p>The &#8220;<span class=
                  "quote">-[0-9]*</span>&#8221; should be used
                  instead of &#8220;<span class=
                  "quote">-*</span>&#8221; to avoid potentially
                  ambiguous matches such as &#8220;<span class=
                  "quote">tk-postgresql</span>&#8221; matching a
                  &#8220;<span class="quote">tk-*</span>&#8221;
                  <code class="varname">DEPENDS</code>.</p>

                  <p>Wildcards can also be used to specify that a
                  package will only build against a certain minimum
                  version of a pre-requisite:</p>
                  <pre class="programlisting">
DEPENDS+=       tiff&gt;=3.5.4:../../graphics/tiff
</pre>

                  <p>This means that the package will build against
                  version 3.5.4 of the tiff library or newer. Such
                  a dependency may be warranted if, for example,
                  the API of the library has changed with version
                  3.5.4 and a package would not compile against an
                  earlier version of tiff.</p>

                  <p>Please note that such dependencies should only
                  be updated if a package requires a newer
                  pre-requisite, but not to denote recommendations
                  such as security updates or ABI changes that do
                  not prevent a package from building correctly.
                  Such recommendations can be expressed using
                  <code class="varname">RECOMMENDED</code>:</p>
                  <pre class="programlisting">
RECOMMENDED+=   tiff&gt;=3.6.1:../../graphics/tiff
</pre>

                  <p>In addition to the above <code class=
                  "varname">DEPENDS</code> line, this denotes that
                  while a package will build against
                  tiff&gt;=3.5.4, at least version 3.6.1 is
                  recommended. <code class=
                  "varname">RECOMMENDED</code> entries will be
                  turned into dependencies unless explicitly
                  ignored (in which case a warning will be
                  printed). Packages that are built with
                  recommendations ignored may not be uploaded to
                  ftp.NetBSD.org by developers and should not be
                  used across different systems that may have
                  different versions of binary packages
                  installed.</p>

                  <p>For security fixes, please update the package
                  vulnerabilities file as well as setting
                  <code class="varname">RECOMMENDED</code>, see
                  <a href="#security-handling" title=
                  "12.1.7.&nbsp;Handling packages with security problems">
                  Section 12.1.7, &#8220;Handling packages with
                  security problems&#8221;</a> for more
                  information.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>If your package needs some executable to be
                  able to run correctly and if there's agail no
                  <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code> file,
                  this is specified using the <code class=
                  "varname">DEPENDS</code> variable. The <a xmlns=
                  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
                  "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/print/lyx/README.html"
                  class="pkgname">print/lyx</a> package needs to be
                  able to execute the latex binary from the teTeX
                  package when it runs, and that is specified:</p>
                  <pre class="programlisting">
DEPENDS+=        teTeX-[0-9]*:../../print/teTeX
</pre>

                  <p>The comment about wildcard dependencies from
                  previous paragraph applies here, too.</p>
                </li>
              </ol>
            </div>

            <p>If your package needs files from another package to
            build, see the first part of the &#8220;<span class=
            "quote">do-configure</span>&#8221; target <a xmlns=
            "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
            "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/print/ghostscript5/README.html"
            class="pkgname">print/ghostscript5</a> package (it
            relies on the jpeg sources being present in source form
            during the build):</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
if [ ! -e ${_PKGSRCDIR}/graphics/jpeg/${WRKDIR:T}/jpeg-6b ]; then \
          cd ${_PKGSRCDIR}/../../graphics/jpeg &amp;&amp; ${MAKE} extract;              \
    fi
</pre>

            <p>If you build any other packages that way, please
            make sure the working files are deleted too when this
            package's working files are cleaned up. The easiest way
            to do so is by adding a pre-clean target:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
pre-clean:
          cd ${_PKGSRCDIR}/../../graphics/jpeg &amp;&amp; ${MAKE} clean
</pre>

            <p>Please also note the <code class=
            "varname">BUILD_USES_MSGFMT</code> and <code class=
            "varname">BUILD_USES_GETTEXT_M4</code> definitions,
            which are provided as convenience definitions. The
            former works out whether msgfmt(1) is part of the base
            system, and, if it isn't, installs the <a xmlns=
            "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
            "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/devel/gettext/README.html"
            class="pkgname">devel/gettext</a> package. The latter
            adds a build dependency on either an installed version
            of an older gettext package, or if it isn't, installs
            the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"
            href=
            "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/devel/gettext-m4/README.html"
            class="pkgname">devel/gettext-m4</a> package.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2591201" id=
                  "id2591201"></a>12.1.4.&nbsp;Handling conflicts
                  with other packages</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Your package may conflict with other packages a user
            might already have installed on his system, e.g. if
            your package installs the same set of files like
            another package in our pkgsrc tree.</p>

            <p>In this case you can set <code class=
            "varname">CONFLICTS</code> to a space separated list of
            packages (including version string) your package
            conflicts with.</p>

            <p>For example <a xmlns=
            "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
            "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/x11/Xaw3d/README.html"
            class="pkgname">x11/Xaw3d</a> and <a xmlns=
            "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
            "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/x11/Xaw-Xpm/README.html"
            class="pkgname">x11/Xaw-Xpm</a> install provide the
            same shared library, thus you set in <code class=
            "filename">pkgsrc/x11/Xaw3d/Makefile</code>:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
CONFLICTS=      Xaw-Xpm-[0-9]*
</pre>

            <p>and in <code class=
            "filename">pkgsrc/x11/Xaw-Xpm/Makefile</code>:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
CONFLICTS=      Xaw3d-[0-9]*
</pre>

            <p>Packages will automatically conflict with other
            packages with the name prefix and a different version
            string. &#8220;<span class=
            "quote">Xaw3d-1.5</span>&#8221; e.g. will automatically
            conflict with the older version &#8220;<span class=
            "quote">Xaw3d-1.3</span>&#8221;.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2591251" id=
                  "id2591251"></a>12.1.5.&nbsp;Packages that cannot
                  or should not be built</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>There are several reasons why a package might be
            instructed to not build under certain circumstances. If
            the package builds and runs on most platforms, the
            exceptions should be noted with <code class=
            "varname">NOT_FOR_PLATFORM</code>. If the package
            builds and runs on a small handful of platforms, set
            <code class="varname">ONLY_FOR_PLATFORM</code> instead.
            If the package should be skipped (for example, because
            it provides functionality already provided by the
            system), set <code class=
            "varname">PKG_SKIP_REASON</code> to a descriptive
            message. If the package should fail because some
            preconditions are not met, set <code class=
            "varname">PKG_FAIL_REASON</code> to a descriptive
            message.</p>

            <p><code class="varname">IGNORE</code> is deprecated
            because it didn't provide enough information to
            determine whether the build should fail.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2591413" id=
                  "id2591413"></a>12.1.6.&nbsp;Packages which
                  should not be deleted, once installed</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>To ensure that a package may not be deleted, once it
            has been installed, the <code class=
            "varname">PKG_PRESERVE</code> definition should be set
            in the package Makefile. This will be carried into any
            binary package that is made from this pkgsrc entry. A
            &#8220;<span class="quote">preserved</span>&#8221;
            package will not be deleted using <a href=
            "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?pkg_delete+1+NetBSD-current">
            <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
            "refentrytitle">pkg_delete</span>(1)</span></a> unless
            the &#8220;<span class="quote">-f</span>&#8221; option
            is used.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="security-handling" id=
                  "security-handling"></a>12.1.7.&nbsp;Handling
                  packages with security problems</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>When a vulnerability is found, this should be noted
            in <code class=
            "filename">localsrc/security/advisories/pkg-vulnerabilities</code>,
            and after the commit of that file, it should be copied
            to both <code class=
            "filename">/pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles/pkg-vulnerabilities</code>
            and <code class=
            "filename">/pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles/vulnerabilities</code>
            on ftp.NetBSD.org using <code class=
            "filename">localsrc/security/advisories/Makefile</code>.
            In addition, if a <code class=
            "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> file exists for an
            affected package, bumping <code class=
            "varname">PKGREVISION</code> and creating a
            corresponding <code class=
            "varname">BUILDLINK_RECOMMENDED.<em class=
            "replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code> entry should
            be considered. See <a href="#buildlink" title=
            "Chapter&nbsp;9.&nbsp;Buildlink methodology">Chapter&nbsp;9,
            <i>Buildlink methodology</i></a> for more information
            about writing <code class=
            "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> files and <code class=
            "varname">BUILDLINK_*</code> definitions.</p>

            <p>Also, if the fix should be applied to the stable
            pkgsrc branch, be sure to submit a pullup request!</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2591505" id=
                  "id2591505"></a>12.1.8.&nbsp;How to handle
                  compiler bugs</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Some source files trigger bugs in the compiler,
            based on combinations of compiler version and
            architecture and almost always relation to optimisation
            being enabled. Common symptoms are gcc internal errors
            or never finishing compiling a file.</p>

            <p>Typically a workaround involves testing the
            <code class="varname">MACHINE_ARCH</code> and compiler
            version, disabling optimisation for that
            file/<code class="varname">MACHINE_ARCH</code>/compiler
            combination, and documenting it in <code class=
            "filename">pkgsrc/doc/HACKS</code>. See that file for a
            number of examples!</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2591527" id=
                  "id2591527"></a>12.1.9.&nbsp;How to handle
                  incrementing versions when fixing an existing
                  package</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>When making fixes to an existing package it can be
            useful to change the version number in <code class=
            "varname">PKGNAME</code>. To avoid conflicting with
            future versions by the original author, a
            &#8220;<span class="quote">nb1</span>&#8221;,
            &#8220;<span class="quote">nb2</span>&#8221;, ...
            suffix can be used on package versions by setting
            <code class="varname">PKGREVISION=1</code> (2, ...).
            The &#8220;<span class="quote">nb</span>&#8221; is
            treated like a &#8220;<span class=
            "quote">.</span>&#8221; by the pkg tools. e.g.</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
  DISTNAME= foo-17.42
    PKGREVISION=  9
</pre>

            <p>will result in a <code class=
            "varname">PKGNAME</code> of &#8220;<span class=
            "quote">foo-17.42nb9</span>&#8221;.</p>

            <p>When a new release of the package is released, the
            <code class="varname">PKGREVISION</code> should be
            removed. e.g. on a new minor release of the above
            package, things should be like:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
DISTNAME=   foo-17.43
</pre>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2591644" id=
                  "id2591644"></a>12.1.10.&nbsp;Portability of
                  packages</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>One appealing feature of pkgsrc is that it runs on
            many different platforms. As a result, it is important
            to ensure, where possible, that packages in pkgsrc are
            portable. There are some particular details you should
            pay attention to while working on pkgsrc.</p>

            <div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
              <div class="titlepage">
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <h4 class="title"><a name="id2591650" id=
                    "id2591650"></a>12.1.10.1.&nbsp;${INSTALL},
                    ${INSTALL_DATA_DIR}, ...</h4>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>

              <p>The BSD-compatible <span><strong class=
              "command">install</strong></span> supplied with some
              operating systems will not perform more than one
              operation at a time. As such, you should call
              &#8220;<span class="quote">${INSTALL}</span>&#8221;,
              etc. like this:</p>
              <pre class="programlisting">
${INSTALL_DATA_DIR} ${PREFIX}/dir1
${INSTALL_DATA_DIR} ${PREFIX}/dir2
</pre>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2591669" id="id2591669"></a>12.2.&nbsp;Possible
                downloading issues</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2591672" id=
                  "id2591672"></a>12.2.1.&nbsp;Packages whose
                  distfiles aren't available for plain
                  downloading</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>If you need to download from a dynamic URL you can
            set <code class="varname">DYNAMIC_MASTER_SITES</code>
            and a <span><strong class="command">make
            fetch</strong></span> will call <code class=
            "filename">files/getsite.sh</code> with the name of
            each file to download as an argument, expecting it to
            output the URL of the directory from which to download
            it. <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"
            href=
            "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/graphics/ns-cult3d/README.html"
            class="pkgname">graphics/ns-cult3d</a> is an example of
            this usage.</p>

            <p>If the download can't be automated, because the user
            must submit personal information to apply for a
            password, or must pay for the source, or whatever, you
            can set <code class="varname">_FETCH_MESSAGE</code> to
            a macro which displays a message explaining the
            situation. <code class="varname">_FETCH_MESSAGE</code>
            must be executable shell commands, not just a message.
            (Generally, it executes <code class=
            "varname">${ECHO}</code>). As of this writing, the
            following packages use this: <a xmlns=
            "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
            "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/audio/realplayer/README.html"
            class="pkgname">audio/realplayer</a>, <a xmlns=
            "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
            "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/cad/simian/README.html"
            class="pkgname">cad/simian</a>, <a xmlns=
            "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
            "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/devel/ipv6socket/README.html"
            class="pkgname">devel/ipv6socket</a>, <a xmlns=
            "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
            "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/emulators/vmware-module/README.html"
            class="pkgname">emulators/vmware-module</a>, <a xmlns=
            "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
            "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/fonts/acroread-jpnfont/README.html"
            class="pkgname">fonts/acroread-jpnfont</a>, <a xmlns=
            "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
            "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/sysutils/storage-manager/README.html"
            class="pkgname">sysutils/storage-manager</a>, <a xmlns=
            "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
            "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/www/ap-aolserver/README.html"
            class="pkgname">www/ap-aolserver</a>, <a xmlns=
            "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
            "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/www/openacs/README.html"
            class="pkgname">www/openacs</a>. Try to be consistent
            with them.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2591735" id=
                  "id2591735"></a>12.2.2.&nbsp;How to handle
                  modified distfiles with the 'old' name</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Sometimes authors of a software package make some
            modifications after the software was released, and they
            put up a new distfile without changing the package's
            version number. If a package is already in pkgsrc at
            that time, the md5 checksum will no longer match. The
            correct way to work around this is to update the
            package's md5 checksum to match the package on the
            master site (beware, any mirrors may not be up to date
            yet!), and to remove the old distfile from
            ftp.NetBSD.org's <code class=
            "filename">/pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles</code>
            directory. Furthermore, a mail to the package's author
            seems appropriate making sure the distfile was really
            updated on purpose, and that no trojan horse or so
            crept in.</p>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2591747" id=
                "id2591747"></a>12.3.&nbsp;Configuration
                gotchas</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="fixes.libtool" id=
                  "fixes.libtool"></a>12.3.1.&nbsp;Shared libraries
                  - libtool</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>pkgsrc supports many different machines, with
            different object formats like a.out and ELF, and
            varying abilities to do shared library and dynamic
            loading at all. To accompany this, varying commands and
            options have to be passed to the compiler, linker, etc.
            to get the Right Thing, which can be pretty annoying
            especially if you don't have all the machines at your
            hand to test things. The <a xmlns=
            "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
            "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/devel/libtool/README.html"
            class="pkgname">devel/libtool</a> pkg can help here, as
            it just &#8220;<span class="quote">knows</span>&#8221;
            how to build both static and dynamic libraries from a
            set of source files, thus being platform
            independent.</p>

            <p>Here's how to use libtool in a pkg in seven simple
            steps:</p>

            <div class="orderedlist">
              <ol type="1">
                <li>
                  <p>Add <code class=
                  "varname">USE_LIBTOOL=yes</code> to the package
                  Makefile.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>For library objects, use &#8220;<span class=
                  "quote">${LIBTOOL} --mode=compile
                  ${CC}</span>&#8221; in place of
                  &#8220;<span class="quote">${CC}</span>&#8221;.
                  You could even add it to the definition of
                  <code class="varname">CC</code>, if only
                  libraries are being built in a given Makefile.
                  This one command will build both PIC and non-PIC
                  library objects, so you need not have separate
                  shared and non-shared library rules.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>For the linking of the library, remove any
                  &#8220;<span class="quote">ar</span>&#8221;,
                  &#8220;<span class="quote">ranlib</span>&#8221;,
                  and &#8220;<span class="quote">ld
                  -Bshareable</span>&#8221; commands, and instead
                  use:</p>
                  <pre class="programlisting">
${LIBTOOL} --mode=link ${CC} -o ${.TARGET:.a=.la} ${OBJS:.o=.lo} -rpath ${PREFIX}/lib -version-info major:minor
</pre>

                  <p>Note that the library is changed to have a
                  <code class="filename">.la</code> extension, and
                  the objects are changed to have a <code class=
                  "filename">.lo</code> extension. Change
                  <code class="varname">OBJS</code> as necessary.
                  This automatically creates all of the
                  <code class="filename">.a</code>, <code class=
                  "filename">.so.major.minor</code>, and ELF
                  symlinks (if necessary) in the build directory.
                  Be sure to include &#8220;<span class=
                  "quote">-version-info</span>&#8221;, especially
                  when major and minor are zero, as libtool will
                  otherwise strip off the shared library
                  version.</p>

                  <p>From the libtool manual:</p>
                  <pre class="programlisting">
     So, libtool library versions are described by three integers:

CURRENT
       The most recent interface number that this library implements.

REVISION
       The implementation number of the CURRENT interface.

AGE
       The difference between the newest and oldest interfaces that this
       library implements.  In other words, the library implements all the
       interface numbers in the range from number `CURRENT - AGE' to
       `CURRENT'.
       
     If two libraries have identical CURRENT and AGE numbers, then the
dynamic linker chooses the library with the greater REVISION number. 
</pre>

                  <p>The &#8220;<span class=
                  "quote">-release</span>&#8221; option will
                  produce different results for a.out and ELF
                  (excluding symlinks) in only one case. An ELF
                  library of the form &#8220;<span class=
                  "quote">libfoo-release.so.<span class=
                  "emphasis"><em>x</em></span>.<span class=
                  "emphasis"><em>y</em></span></span>&#8221; will
                  have a symlink of &#8220;<span class=
                  "quote">libfoo.so.<span class=
                  "emphasis"><em>x</em></span>.<span class=
                  "emphasis"><em>y</em></span></span>&#8221; on an
                  a.out platform. This is handled
                  automatically.</p>

                  <p>The &#8220;<span class="quote">-rpath
                  argument</span>&#8221; is the install directory
                  of the library being built.</p>

                  <p>In the <code class="filename">PLIST</code>,
                  include all of the <code class=
                  "filename">.a</code>, <code class=
                  "filename">.la</code>, and <code class=
                  "filename">.so</code>, <code class=
                  "filename">.so.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>major</code></em></code> and
                  <code class="filename">.so.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>major</code></em>.<em class=
                  "replaceable"><code>minor</code></em></code>
                  files.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>When linking shared object (<code class=
                  "filename">.so</code>) files, i.e. files that are
                  loaded via dlopen(3), NOT shared libraries, use
                  &#8220;<span class="quote">-module
                  -avoid-version</span>&#8221; to prevent them
                  getting version tacked on.</p>

                  <p>The <code class="filename">PLIST</code> file
                  gets the <code class="filename">foo.so</code>
                  entry.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>When linking programs that depend on these
                  libraries <span class=
                  "emphasis"><em>before</em></span> they are
                  installed, preface the <a href=
                  "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?cc+1+NetBSD-current">
                  <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
                  "refentrytitle">cc</span>(1)</span></a> or
                  <a href=
                  "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?ld+1+NetBSD-current">
                  <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
                  "refentrytitle">ld</span>(1)</span></a> line with
                  &#8220;<span class="quote">${LIBTOOL}
                  --mode=link</span>&#8221;, and it will find the
                  correct libraries (static or shared), but please
                  be aware that libtool will not allow you to
                  specify a relative path in -L (such as
                  &#8220;<span class=
                  "quote">-L../somelib</span>&#8221;), because it
                  expects you to change that argument to be the
                  <code class="filename">.la</code> file. e.g.</p>
                  <pre class="programlisting">
${LIBTOOL} --mode=link ${CC} -o someprog -L../somelib -lsomelib
</pre>

                  <p>should be changed to:</p>
                  <pre class="programlisting">
${LIBTOOL} --mode=link ${CC} -o <em class=
"replaceable"><code>someprog</code></em> <em class=
"replaceable"><code>../somelib/somelib.la</code></em>
</pre>

                  <p>and it will do the right thing with the
                  libraries.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>When installing libraries, preface the
                  <a href="http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?install+1+NetBSD-current">
                  <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
                  "refentrytitle">install</span>(1)</span></a> or
                  <a href=
                  "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?cp+1+NetBSD-current">
                  <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
                  "refentrytitle">cp</span>(1)</span></a> command
                  with &#8220;<span class="quote">${LIBTOOL}
                  --mode=install</span>&#8221;, and change the
                  library name to <code class=
                  "filename">.la</code>. e.g.</p>
                  <pre class="programlisting">
${LIBTOOL} --mode=install ${BSD_INSTALL_DATA} ${SOMELIB:.a=.la} ${PREFIX}/lib
</pre>

                  <p>This will install the static <code class=
                  "filename">.a</code>, shared library, any needed
                  symlinks, and run <a href=
                  "http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?ldconfig+8+NetBSD-current">
                  <span class="citerefentry"><span class=
                  "refentrytitle">ldconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>In your <code class="filename">PLIST</code>,
                  include all of the <code class=
                  "filename">.a</code>, <code class=
                  "filename">.la</code>, and <code class=
                  "filename">.so</code>, <code class=
                  "filename">.so.CURRENT</code> and <code class=
                  "filename">.so.CURRENT.REVISION</code> files
                  (this is a change from the previous
                  behaviour).</p>
                </li>
              </ol>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2592086" id=
                  "id2592086"></a>12.3.2.&nbsp;Using libtool on GNU
                  packages that already support libtool</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Add <code class="varname">USE_LIBTOOL=yes</code> to
            the package Makefile. This will override the package's
            own libtool in most cases. For older libtool using
            packages, libtool is made by ltconfig script during the
            do-configure step; you can check the libtool script
            location by doing <span><strong class="command">make
            configure; find work*/ -name
            libtool</strong></span>.</p>

            <p><code class="varname">LIBTOOL_OVERRIDE</code>
            specifies which libtool scripts, relative to
            <code class="varname">WRKSRC</code>, to override. By
            default, it is set to &#8220;<span class=
            "quote">libtool */libtool */*/libtool</span>&#8221;. If
            this does not match the location of the package's
            libtool script(s), set it as appropriate.</p>

            <p>If you do not need <code class="filename">*.a</code>
            static libraries built and installed, then use
            <code class="varname">SHLIBTOOL_OVERRIDE</code>
            instead.</p>

            <p>If your package makes use of the platform
            independent library for loading dynamic shared objects,
            that comes with libtool (libltdl), you should include
            the libtool buildlink3.mk (and set <code class=
            "varname">USE_BUILDLINK3=YES</code>).</p>

            <p>Some packages use libtool incorrectly so that the
            package may not work or build in some circumstances.
            Some of the more common errors are:</p>

            <div class="itemizedlist">
              <ul type="disc">
                <li>
                  <p>The inclusion of a shared object (-module) as
                  a dependent library in an executable or library.
                  This in itself isn't a problem if one of two
                  things has been done:</p>

                  <div class="orderedlist">
                    <ol type="1">
                      <li>
                        <p>The shared object is named correctly,
                        i.e. <code class=
                        "filename">libfoo.la</code>, not
                        <code class="filename">foo.la</code></p>
                      </li>

                      <li>
                        <p>The -dlopen option is used when linking
                        an executable.</p>
                      </li>
                    </ol>
                  </div>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>The use of libltdl without the correct calls
                  to initialisation routines. The function
                  lt_dlinit() should be called and the macro
                  <code class=
                  "varname">LTDL_SET_PRELOADED_SYMBOLS</code>
                  included in executables.</p>
                </li>
              </ul>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2592238" id=
                  "id2592238"></a>12.3.3.&nbsp;GNU
                  Autoconf/Automake</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>If a package needs GNU autoconf or automake to be
            executed to regenerate the configure script and
            Makefile.in makefile templates, then they should be
            executed in a pre-configure target. Two Makefile
            fragments are provided in <code class=
            "filename">pkgsrc/mk/autoconf.mk</code> and
            <code class="filename">pkgsrc/mk/automake.mk</code> to
            help dealing with these tools. See comments in these
            files for details.</p>

            <p>For packages that need only autoconf:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
AUTOCONF_REQD=    2.50    # if default version is not good enough
...

pre-configure:
          cd ${WRKSRC}; ${AUTOCONF}

...
.include "../../mk/autoconf.mk"
</pre>

            <p>and for packages that need automake and
            autoconf:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
AUTOMAKE_REQD=  1.7.1   # if default version is not good enough
...

pre-configure:
          cd ${WRKSRC};                                           \
          ${ACLOCAL};                                             \
          ${AUTOHEADER};                                          \
          ${AUTOMAKE} -a --foreign -i;                            \
          ${AUTOCONF}

...
.include "../mk/automake.mk"
</pre>

            <p>Packages which use GNU Automake will almost
            certainly require GNU Make, but that's automatically
            provided for you in <code class=
            "filename">mk/automake.mk</code>.</p>

            <p>There are times when the configure process makes
            additional changes to the generated files, which then
            causes the build process to try to re-execute the
            automake sequence. This is prevented by touching
            various files in the configure stage. If this causes
            problems with your package you can set <code class=
            "varname">AUTOMAKE_OVERRIDE=NO</code> in the package
            Makefile.</p>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2592283" id="id2592283"></a>12.4.&nbsp;Building
                considerations</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2592286" id=
                  "id2592286"></a>12.4.1.&nbsp;CPP defines</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>To port an application to NetBSD, it's usually
            necessary for the compiler to be able to judge the
            system on which it's compiling, and we use definitions
            so that the C pre-processor can do this.</p>

            <p>To test whether you are working on a 4.4 BSD-derived
            system, you should use the BSD definition, which is
            defined in <code class=
            "filename">&lt;sys/param.h&gt;</code> on said
            systems.</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
#include &lt;sys/param.h&gt;
</pre>

            <p>and then you can surround the BSD-specific parts of
            your package's C/C++ code using this conditional:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
#if (defined(BSD) &amp;&amp; BSD &gt;= 199306)
    ...
#endif
</pre>

            <p>Please use the &#8220;<span class=
            "quote">__NetBSD__</span>&#8221; definition sparingly -
            it should only apply to features of NetBSD that are not
            present in other 4.4-lite derived BSDs.</p>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2592316" id="id2592316"></a>12.5.&nbsp;Package
                specific actions</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2592320" id=
                  "id2592320"></a>12.5.1.&nbsp;Package
                  configuration files</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Packages should be taught to look for their
            configuration files in <code class=
            "varname">${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}</code>, which is passed
            through to the configure and build processes.
            <code class="varname">PKG_SYSCONFDIR</code> may be
            customized in various ways by setting other make
            variables:</p>

            <div class="itemizedlist">
              <ul type="disc">
                <li>
                  <p><code class="varname">PKG_SYSCONFBASE</code>
                  is the main config directory under which all
                  package configuration files are to be found. This
                  defaults to <code class=
                  "filename">${PREFIX}/etc</code>, but may be
                  overridden in <code class=
                  "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code>.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p><code class="varname">PKG_SYSCONFSUBDIR</code>
                  is the subdirectory of <code class=
                  "varname">PKG_SYSCONFBASE</code> under which the
                  configuration files for a particular package may
                  be found, e.g. the Apache configuration files may
                  all be found under the <code class=
                  "filename">httpd/</code> subdirectory of
                  <code class="varname">${PKG_SYSCONFBASE}</code>.
                  This should be set in the package Makefile.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>By default, <code class=
                  "varname">PKG_SYSCONFDIR</code> is set to
                  <code class=
                  "varname">${PKG_SYSCONFBASE}/${PKG_SYSCONFSUBDIR}</code>,
                  but this may be overridden by setting
                  <code class="varname">PKG_SYSCONFDIR.${PKG_SYSCONFVAR}</code>
                  for a particular package, where <code class=
                  "varname">PKG_SYSCONFVAR</code> defaults to
                  <code class="varname">${PKGBASE}</code>. This is
                  not meant to be set by a package Makefile, but is
                  reserved for users who wish to override the
                  <code class="varname">PKG_SYSCONFDIR</code>
                  setting for a particular package with a special
                  location.</p>
                </li>
              </ul>
            </div>

            <p>The only variables that users should customize are
            <code class="varname">PKG_SYSCONFBASE</code> and
            <code class=
            "varname">PKG_SYSCONFDIR.${PKG_SYSCONFVAR}</code>.
            Users will typically want to set <code class=
            "varname">PKG_SYSCONFBASE</code> to <code class=
            "filename">/etc</code>, or to accept the default
            location of <code class=
            "filename">${PREFIX}/etc</code>.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2592490" id=
                  "id2592490"></a>12.5.2.&nbsp;User
                  interaction</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Occasionally, packages require interaction from the
            user, and this can be in a number of ways:</p>

            <div class="itemizedlist">
              <ul type="disc">
                <li>
                  <p>help in fetching the distfiles</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>help to configure the package before it is
                  built</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>help during the build process</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>help during the installation of a package</p>
                </li>
              </ul>
            </div>

            <p>The <code class="varname">INTERACTIVE_STAGE</code>
            definition is provided to notify the pkgsrc mechanism
            of an interactive stage which will be needed, and this
            should be set in the package's <code class=
            "filename">Makefile</code>. e.g.</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
INTERACTIVE_STAGE= build
</pre>

            <p>Multiple interactive stages can be specified:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
INTERACTIVE_STAGE= configure install
</pre>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2592535" id=
                  "id2592535"></a>12.5.3.&nbsp;Handling
                  licenses</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>A package may underly a license which the user has
            or has not agreed to accept. Usually, packages that
            underly well-known Open Source licenses (e.g. the GNU
            Public License, GPL) won't have any special license
            tags added in pkgsrc which require special action by
            the user of such packages, but there are quite a number
            of other licenses out there that pkgsrc users may not
            be able to follow, for whatever reasons. For these
            cases, pkgsrc contains a mechanism to note that a
            package underlies a certain license, and the user has
            to accept the license before the package can be
            installed.</p>

            <p>Placing a certain package under a certain license
            works by setting the <code class=
            "varname">LICENSE</code> variable to a string
            identifying the license, e.g. in <a xmlns=
            "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
            "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/graphics/graphviz/README.html"
            class="pkgname">graphics/graphviz</a>:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
LICENSE=        graphviz-license
</pre>

            <p>When trying to build, the user will get a notice
            that the package underlies a license which he hasn't
            accepted (yet):</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
===&gt; graphviz-1.12 has an unacceptable license: graphviz-license.
===&gt;     To build this package, add this line to your /etc/mk.conf:
===&gt;     ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES+=graphviz-license
===&gt;     To view the license, enter "/usr/bin/make show-license".
*** Error code 1
</pre>

            <p>The license can be viewed with <span><strong class=
            "command">make show-license</strong></span>, and if it
            is considered appropriate, the line printed above can
            be added to <code class="filename">/etc/mk.conf</code>
            to indicate acceptance of the particular license:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES+=graphviz-license
</pre>

            <p>When adding a package with a new license, the
            license text should be added to <code class=
            "filename">pkgsrc/licenses</code> for displaying. A
            list of known licenses can be seen in this directory as
            well as by looking at the list of (commented out)
            <code class="varname">ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES</code>
            variable settings in <code class=
            "filename">pkgsrc/mk/bsd.pkg.defaults.mk</code>.</p>

            <p>Is there is a <span class=
            "emphasis"><em>really</em></span> pressing need to
            accept all licenses at once, like when trying to
            download or mirror all distfiles or doing a bulk build
            to test if all packages in pkgsrc build, this can be
            done by setting <code class=
            "varname">_ACCEPTABLE=yes</code>.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2592686" id=
                  "id2592686"></a>12.5.4.&nbsp;Creating an account
                  from a package</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>There are two make variables used to control the
            creation of package-specific groups and users at
            pre-install time. The first is <code class=
            "varname">PKG_GROUPS</code>, which is a list of
            group[:groupid] elements, where the groupid is
            optional. The second is <code class=
            "varname">PKG_USERS</code>, which is a list of elements
            of the form:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
user:group[:[userid][:[description][:[home][:shell]]]]
</pre>

            <p>where only the user and group are required, the rest
            being optional. A simple example is:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
  PKG_GROUPS=       foogroup
    PKG_USERS=    foouser:foogroup
</pre>

            <p>A more complex example is that creates two groups
            and two users is:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
  PKG_GROUPS=       group1 group2:1005
    PKG_USERS=    first:group1::First\\ User                      \
                  second:group2::Second\\ User:/home/second:${SH}
</pre>

            <p>By default, a new user will have home directory
            <code class="filename">/nonexistent</code>, and login
            shell <code class="filename">/sbin/nologin</code>
            unless they are specified as part of the user
            element.</p>

            <p>The package <code class="filename">Makefile</code>
            must also set <code class=
            "varname">USE_PKGINSTALL=YES</code>. This will cause
            the users and groups to be created at pre-install time,
            and the admin will be prompted to remove them at
            post-deinstall time. Automatic creation of the users
            and groups can be toggled on and off by setting the
            <code class="varname">PKG_CREATE_USERGROUP</code>
            variable prior to package installation.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2592748" id=
                  "id2592748"></a>12.5.5.&nbsp;Installing score
                  files</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Certain packages, most of them in the games
            category, install a score file that allows all users on
            the system to record their highscores. In order for
            this to work, the binaries need to be installed setgid
            and the score files owned by the appropriate group
            and/or owner (traditionally the "games" user/group).
            The following variables, documented in more detail in
            <code class="filename">mk/bsd.pkg.defaults.mk</code>,
            control this behaviour: <code class=
            "varname">SETGIDGAME</code>, <code class=
            "varname">GAMEDATAMODE</code>, <code class=
            "varname">GAMEGRP</code>, <code class=
            "varname">GAMEMODE</code>, <code class=
            "varname">GAMEOWN</code>.</p>

            <p>Note that per default, setgid installation of games
            is disabled; setting <code class=
            "varname">SETGIDGAME=YES</code> will set all the other
            variables accordingly.</p>

            <p>A package should therefor never hard code file
            ownership or access permissions but rely on
            <code class="varname">INSTALL_GAME</code> and
            <code class="varname">INSTALL_GAME_DATA</code> to set
            these correctly.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2592929" id=
                  "id2592929"></a>12.5.6.&nbsp;Packages providing
                  login shells</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>If the purpose of the package is to provide a login
            shell, the variable <code class=
            "varname">PKG_SHELL</code> should contain the full
            pathname of the shell executable installed by this
            package. The package <code class=
            "filename">Makefile</code> must also set <code class=
            "varname">USE_PKGINSTALL=YES</code> to use the
            automatically generated <code class=
            "filename">INSTALL</code>/<code class=
            "filename">DEINSTALL</code> scripts.</p>

            <p>An example taken from shells/zsh:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
  USE_PKGINSTALL=   YES
    PKG_SHELL=    ${PREFIX}/bin/zsh
</pre>

            <p>The shell is registered into <code class=
            "filename">/etc/shells</code> file automatically in the
            post-install target by the generated <code class=
            "filename">INSTALL</code> script and removed in the
            deinstall target by the <code class=
            "filename">DEINSTALL</code> script.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2593054" id=
                  "id2593054"></a>12.5.7.&nbsp;Packages containing
                  perl scripts</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>If your package contains interpreted perl scripts,
            set <code class="varname">REPLACE_PERL</code> to ensure
            that the proper interpreter path is set. <code class=
            "varname">REPLACE_PERL</code> should contain a list of
            scripts, relative to <code class=
            "varname">WRKSRC</code>, that you want adjusted.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2593073" id=
                  "id2593073"></a>12.5.8.&nbsp;Packages with
                  hardcoded paths to other interpreters</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Your package may also contain scripts with hardcoded
            paths to other interpreters besides (or as well as)
            perl. To correct the full pathname to the script
            interpreter, you need to set the following definitions
            in your <code class="filename">Makefile</code> (we
            shall use <span><strong class=
            "command">tclsh</strong></span> in this example):</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
  REPLACE_INTERPRETER+=     tcl
    _REPLACE.tcl.old=     .*/bin/tclsh
    _REPLACE.tcl.new=     ${PREFIX}/bin/tclsh
    _REPLACE_FILES.tcl=   ...list of tcl scripts which need to be fixed,
                          relative to ${WRKSRC}, just as in REPLACE_PERL
</pre>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2593094" id=
                  "id2593094"></a>12.5.9.&nbsp;Packages installing
                  perl modules</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Makefiles of packages providing perl5 modules should
            include the Makefile fragment <code class=
            "filename">../../lang/perl5/module.mk</code>. It
            provides a <span><strong class=
            "command">do-configure</strong></span> target for the
            standard perl configuration for such modules as well as
            various hooks to tune this configuration. See comments
            in this file for details.</p>

            <p>Perl5 modules will install into different places
            depending on the version of perl used during the build
            process. To address this, pkgsrc will append lines to
            the <code class="filename">PLIST</code> corresponding
            to the files listed in the installed <code class=
            "filename">.packlist</code> file generated by most
            perl5 modules. This is invoked by defining <code class=
            "varname">PERL5_PACKLIST</code> to a space-separated
            list of paths to packlist files, e.g.:</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
PERL5_PACKLIST=   ${PERL5_SITEARCH}/auto/Pg/.packlist
</pre>

            <p>The variables <code class=
            "varname">PERL5_SITELIB</code>, <code class=
            "varname">PERL5_SITEARCH</code>, and <code class=
            "varname">PERL5_ARCHLIB</code> represent the three
            locations in which perl5 modules may be installed, and
            may be used by perl5 packages that don't have a
            packlist. These three variables are also substituted
            for in the <code class="filename">PLIST</code>.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="faq.info-files" id=
                  "faq.info-files"></a>12.5.10.&nbsp;Packages
                  installing info files</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>Some packages install info files or use the
            &#8220;<span class="quote">makeinfo</span>&#8221; or
            &#8220;<span class="quote">install-info</span>&#8221;
            commands. Each of the info files:</p>

            <div class="itemizedlist">
              <ul type="disc">
                <li>
                  <p>is considered to be installed in the directory
                  <code class=
                  "filename">${PREFIX}/${INFO_DIR}</code>,</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>is registered in the Info directory file
                  <code class=
                  "filename">${PREFIX}/${INFO_DIR}/dir</code>,</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>and must be listed as a filename in the
                  <code class="varname">INFO_FILES</code> variable
                  in the package Makefile.</p>
                </li>
              </ul>
            </div>

            <p><code class="varname">INFO_DIR</code> defaults to
            &#8220;<span class="quote">info</span>&#8221; and can
            be overridden in the package Makefile. <code class=
            "filename">INSTALL</code> and <code class=
            "filename">DEINSTALL</code> scripts will be generated
            to handle registration of the info files in the Info
            directory file. The &#8220;<span class=
            "quote">install-info</span>&#8221; command used for the
            info files registration is either provided by the
            system, or by a special purpose package automatically
            added as dependency if needed.</p>

            <p>A package which needs the &#8220;<span class=
            "quote">makeinfo</span>&#8221; command at build time
            must define the variable <code class=
            "varname">USE_MAKEINFO</code> in its Makefile. If a
            minimum version of the &#8220;<span class=
            "quote">makeinfo</span>&#8221; command is needed it
            should be noted with the <code class=
            "varname">TEXINFO_REQD</code> variable in the package
            <code class="filename">Makefile</code>. By default, a
            minimum version of 3.12 is required. If the system does
            not provide a <span><strong class=
            "command">makeinfo</strong></span> command or if it
            does not match the required minimum, a build dependency
            on the <a xmlns=
            "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
            "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/devel/gtexinfo/README.html"
            class="pkgname">devel/gtexinfo</a> package will be
            added automatically.</p>

            <p>The build and installation process of the software
            provided by the package should not use the
            <span><strong class=
            "command">install-info</strong></span> command as the
            registration of info files is the task of the package
            <code class="filename">INSTALL</code> script, and it
            must use the appropriate <span><strong class=
            "command">makeinfo</strong></span> command.</p>

            <p>To achieve this goal the pkgsrc infrastructure
            creates overriding scripts for the <span><strong class=
            "command">install-info</strong></span> and
            <span><strong class="command">makeinfo</strong></span>
            commands in a directory listed early in <code class=
            "varname">PATH</code>.</p>

            <p>The script overriding <span><strong class=
            "command">install-info</strong></span> has no effect
            except the logging of a message. The script overriding
            <span><strong class="command">makeinfo</strong></span>
            logs a message and according to the value of
            <code class="varname">USE_MAKEINFO</code> and
            <code class="varname">TEXINFO_REQD</code> either run
            the appropriate <span><strong class=
            "command">makeinfo</strong></span> command or exit on
            error.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2593450" id=
                  "id2593450"></a>12.5.11.&nbsp;Packages installing
                  GConf2 data files</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>If a package installs <code class=
            "filename">.schemas</code> or <code class=
            "filename">.entries</code> files, used by GConf2, you
            need to take some extra steps to make sure they get
            registered in the database:</p>

            <div class="orderedlist">
              <ol type="1">
                <li>
                  <p>Include <code class=
                  "filename">../../devel/GConf2/schemas.mk</code>
                  instead of its <code class=
                  "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> file. This takes
                  care of rebuilding the GConf2 database at
                  installation and deinstallation time, and tells
                  the package where to install GConf2 data files
                  using some standard configure arguments. It also
                  disallows any access to the database directly
                  from the package.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Ensure that the package installs its
                  <code class="filename">.schemas</code> files
                  under <code class=
                  "filename">${PREFIX}/share/gconf/schemas</code>.
                  If they get installed under <code class=
                  "filename">${PREFIX}/etc</code>, you will need to
                  manually patch the package.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Check the PLIST and remove any entries under
                  the etc/gconf directory, as they will be handled
                  automatically. See <a href="#faq.conf" title=
                  "6.13.&nbsp;Configuration files handling and placement">
                  Section&nbsp;6.13, &#8220;Configuration files
                  handling and placement&#8221;</a> for more
                  information.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Define the <code class=
                  "varname">GCONF2_SCHEMAS</code> variable in your
                  <code class="filename">Makefile</code> with a
                  list of all <code class=
                  "filename">.schemas</code> files installed by the
                  package, if any. Names must not contain any
                  directories in them.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Define the <code class=
                  "varname">GCONF2_ENTRIES</code> variable in your
                  <code class="filename">Makefile</code> with a
                  list of all <code class=
                  "filename">.entries</code> files installed by the
                  package, if any. Names must not contain any
                  directories in them.</p>
                </li>
              </ol>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2593550" id=
                  "id2593550"></a>12.5.12.&nbsp;Packages installing
                  scrollkeeper data files</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>If a package installs <code class=
            "filename">.omf</code> files, used by scrollkeeper, you
            need to take some extra steps to make sure they get
            registered in the database:</p>

            <div class="orderedlist">
              <ol type="1">
                <li>
                  <p>Include <code class=
                  "filename">../../textproc/scrollkeeper/omf.mk</code>
                  instead of its <code class=
                  "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> file. This takes
                  care of rebuilding the scrollkeeper database at
                  installation and deinstallation time, and
                  disallows any access to it directly from the
                  package.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Check the PLIST and remove any entries under
                  the <code class=
                  "filename">libdata/scrollkeeper</code> directory,
                  as they will be handled automatically.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Remove the <code class=
                  "filename">share/omf</code> directory from the
                  PLIST. It will be handled by scrollkeeper.</p>
                </li>
              </ol>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2593602" id=
                  "id2593602"></a>12.5.13.&nbsp;Packages installing
                  X11 fonts</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>If a package installs font files, you will need to
            rebuild the fonts database in the directory where they
            get installed at installation and deinstallation time.
            This can be automatically done by using <code class=
            "filename">mk/fonts.mk</code>, which you need to
            include in your <code class=
            "filename">Makefile</code>.</p>

            <p>When the file is included, you can list the
            directories where fonts are installed in the
            <code class="varname">FONTS_<em class=
            "replaceable"><code>type</code></em>_DIRS</code>
            variables, where <em class=
            "replaceable"><code>type</code></em> can be one of
            &#8220;<span class="quote">TTF</span>&#8221;,
            &#8220;<span class="quote">TYPE1</span>&#8221; or
            &#8220;<span class="quote">X11</span>&#8221;. Also make
            sure that the database file <code class=
            "filename">fonts.dir</code> is not listed in the
            PLIST.</p>

            <p>Note that you should not create new directories for
            fonts; instead use the standard ones to avoid that the
            user needs to manually configure his X server to find
            them.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2593649" id=
                  "id2593649"></a>12.5.14.&nbsp;Packages installing
                  GTK2 modules</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>If a package installs gtk2 immodules or loaders, you
            need to take some extra steps to get them registered in
            the GTK2 database properly:</p>

            <div class="orderedlist">
              <ol type="1">
                <li>
                  <p>Include <code class=
                  "filename">../../x11/gtk2/modules.mk</code>
                  instead of its <code class=
                  "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> file. This takes
                  care of rebuilding the database at installation
                  and deinstallation time.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Set <code class=
                  "varname">GTK2_IMMODULES=YES</code> if your
                  package installs GTK2 immodules.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Set <code class=
                  "varname">GTK2_LOADERS=YES</code> if your package
                  installs GTK2 loaders.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Patch the package to not touch any of the gtk2
                  databases directly. These are:</p>

                  <div class="itemizedlist">
                    <ul type="disc">
                      <li>
                        <p><code class=
                        "filename">libdata/gtk-2.0/gdk-pixbuf.loaders</code></p>
                      </li>

                      <li>
                        <p><code class=
                        "filename">libdata/gtk-2.0/gtk.immodules</code></p>
                      </li>
                    </ul>
                  </div>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Check the PLIST and remove any entries under
                  the <code class="filename">libdata/gtk-2.0</code>
                  directory, as they will be handled
                  automatically.</p>
                </li>
              </ol>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2593718" id=
                  "id2593718"></a>12.5.15.&nbsp;Packages installing
                  SGML or XML data</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>If a package installs SGML or XML data files that
            need to be registered in system-wide catalogs (like
            DTDs, sub-catalogs, etc.), you need to take some extra
            steps:</p>

            <div class="orderedlist">
              <ol type="1">
                <li>
                  <p>Include <code class=
                  "filename">../../textproc/xmlcatmgr/catalogs.mk</code>
                  in your <code class="filename">Makefile</code>,
                  which takes care of registering those files in
                  system-wide catalogs at installation and
                  deinstallation time.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Set <code class="varname">SGML_CATALOGS</code>
                  to the full path of any SGML catalogs installed
                  by the package.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Set <code class="varname">XML_CATALOGS</code>
                  to the full path of any XML catalogs installed by
                  the package.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Set <code class="varname">SGML_ENTRIES</code>
                  to individual entries to be added to the SGML
                  catalog. These come in groups of three strings;
                  see xmlcatmgr(1) for more information
                  (specifically, arguments recognized by the 'add'
                  action). Note that you will normally not use this
                  variable.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Set <code class="varname">XML_ENTRIES</code>
                  to individual entries to be added to the XML
                  catalog. These come in groups of three strings;
                  see xmlcatmgr(1) for more information
                  (specifically, arguments recognized by the 'add'
                  action). Note that you will normally not use this
                  variable.</p>
                </li>
              </ol>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2593770" id=
                  "id2593770"></a>12.5.16.&nbsp;Packages installing
                  extensions to the MIME database</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>If a package provides extensions to the MIME
            database by installing <code class=
            "filename">.xml</code> files inside <code class=
            "filename">${PREFIX}/share/mime/packages</code>, you
            need to take some extra steps to ensure that the
            database is kept consistent with respect to these new
            files:</p>

            <div class="orderedlist">
              <ol type="1">
                <li>
                  <p>Include <code class=
                  "filename">../../databases/shared-mime-info/mimedb.mk</code>
                  (avoid using the <code class=
                  "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> file from this
                  same directory, which is reserved for inclusion
                  from other <code class=
                  "filename">buildlink3.mk</code> files). It takes
                  care of rebuilding the MIME database at
                  installation and deinstallation time, and
                  disallows any access to it directly from the
                  package.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Check the PLIST and remove any entries under
                  the <code class="filename">share/mime</code>
                  directory, <span class=
                  "emphasis"><em>except</em></span> for files saved
                  under <code class=
                  "filename">share/mime/packages</code>. The former
                  are handled automatically by the
                  update-mime-database program, but the later are
                  package-dependent and must be removed by the
                  package that installed them in the first
                  place.</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Remove any <code class=
                  "filename">share/mime/*</code> directories from
                  the PLIST. They will be handled by the
                  shared-mime-info package.</p>
                </li>
              </ol>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h3 class="title"><a name="id2593841" id=
                  "id2593841"></a>12.5.17.&nbsp;Packages using
                  intltool</h3>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>

            <p>If a package uses intltool during its build, include
            the <code class=
            "filename">../../textproc/intltool/buildlink3.mk</code>
            file, which forces it to use the intltool package
            provided by pkgsrc, instead of the one bundled with the
            distribution file.</p>

            <p>This tracks intltool's build-time dependencies and
            uses the latest available version; this way, the
            package benefits of any bug fixes that may have
            appeared since it was released.</p>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2593854" id="id2593854"></a>12.6.&nbsp;Feedback
                to the author</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>If you have found any bugs in the package you make
          available, if you had to do special steps to make it run
          under NetBSD or if you enhanced the software in various
          other ways, be sure to report these changes back to the
          original author of the program! With that kind of
          support, the next release of the program can incorporate
          these fixes, and people not using the NetBSD packages
          system can win from your efforts.</p>

          <p>Support the idea of free software!</p>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title"><a name="debug" id=
              "debug"></a>Chapter&nbsp;13.&nbsp;Debugging</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <p>To check out all the gotchas when building a package,
        here are the steps that I do in order to get a package
        working. Please note this is basically the same as what was
        explained in the previous sections, only with some
        debugging aids.</p>

        <div class="itemizedlist">
          <ul type="disc">
            <li>
              <p>Be sure to set <code class=
              "varname">PKG_DEVELOPER=1</code> in <code class=
              "filename">/etc/mk.conf</code></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Install <a xmlns=
              "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
              "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/url2pkg/README.html"
              class="pkgname">pkgtools/url2pkg</a>, create a
              directory for a new package, change into it, then run
              <span><strong class=
              "command">url2pkg</strong></span>:</p>
              <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>mkdir /usr/pkgsrc/<em class=
"replaceable"><code>category</code></em>/<em class=
"replaceable"><code>examplepkg</code></em></code></strong>
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cd /usr/pkgsrc/<em class=
"replaceable"><code>category</code></em>/<em class=
"replaceable"><code>examplepkg</code></em></code></strong>
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>url2pkg http://www.example.com/path/to/distfile.tar.gz</code></strong>
</pre>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Edit the <code class="filename">Makefile</code> as
              requested.</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Fill in the <code class="filename">DESCR</code>
              file</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Run <span><strong class="command">make
              configure</strong></span></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Add any dependencies glimpsed from documentation
              and the configure step to the package's <code class=
              "filename">Makefile</code>.</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Make the package compile, doing multiple rounds
              of</p>
              <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>pkgvi ${WRKSRC}/some/file/that/does/not/compile</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>mkpatches</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>patchdiff</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>mv ${WRKDIR}/.newpatches/* patches</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make mps</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make clean</code></strong>
</pre>

              <p>Doing as non-root user will ensure that no files
              are modified that shouldn't be, especially during the
              build phase. <span><strong class=
              "command">mkpatches</strong></span>,
              <span><strong class=
              "command">patchdiff</strong></span> and
              <span><strong class="command">pkgvi</strong></span>
              are from the <a xmlns=
              "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
              "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkgdiff/README.html"
              class="pkgname">pkgtools/pkgdiff</a> package.</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Look at the <code class=
              "filename">Makefile</code>, fix if necessary; see
              <a href="#components.Makefile" title=
              "7.1.&nbsp;Makefile">Section&nbsp;7.1,
              &#8220;<code class=
              "filename">Makefile</code>&#8221;</a>.</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Generate a <code class=
              "filename">PLIST</code>:</p>
              <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make install</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make print-PLIST &gt;PLIST</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make deinstall</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make install</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make deinstall</code></strong>
</pre>

              <p>You usually need to be <code class=
              "username">root</code> to do this. Look if there are
              any files left:</p>
              <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make print-PLIST</code></strong>
</pre>

              <p>If this reveals any files that are missing in
              <code class="filename">PLIST</code>, add them.</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Now that the <code class="filename">PLIST</code>
              is OK, install the package again and make a binary
              package:</p>
              <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make reinstall</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make package</code></strong>
</pre>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Delete the installed package:</p>
              <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>pkg_delete blub</code></strong>
</pre>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Repeat the above <span><strong class=
              "command">make print-PLIST</strong></span> command,
              which shouldn't find anything now:</p>
              <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make print-PLIST</code></strong>
</pre>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Reinstall the binary package:</p>
              <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>pkgadd .../blub.tgz</code></strong>
</pre>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Play with it. Make sure everything works.</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Run <span><strong class=
              "command">pkglint</strong></span> from <a xmlns=
              "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
              "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkglint/README.html"
              class="pkgname">pkgtools/pkglint</a>, and fix the
              problems it reports:</p>
              <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>pkglint</code></strong>
</pre>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Submit (or commit, if you have cvs access); see
              <a href="#submit" title=
              "Chapter&nbsp;14.&nbsp;Submitting and Committing">Chapter&nbsp;14,
              <i>Submitting and Committing</i></a>.</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title"><a name="submit" id=
              "submit"></a>Chapter&nbsp;14.&nbsp;Submitting and
              Committing</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="toc">
          <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>

          <dl>
            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2594385">14.1.
            Submitting your packages</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2594432">14.2.
            Committing: Importing a package into
            CVS</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2594563">14.3.
            Updating a package to a newer version</a></span></dt>

            <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2594582">14.4.
            Moving a package in pkgsrc</a></span></dt>
          </dl>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2594385" id=
                "id2594385"></a>14.1.&nbsp;Submitting your
                packages</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>You have to separate between binary and
          &#8220;<span class="quote">normal</span>&#8221; (source)
          packages here:</p>

          <div class="itemizedlist">
            <ul type="disc">
              <li>
                <p>precompiled binary packages</p>

                <p>Our policy is that we accept binaries only from
                pkgsrc developers to guarantee that the packages
                don't contain any trojan horses etc. This is not to
                piss anyone off but rather to protect our users!
                You're still free to put up your home-made binary
                packages and tell the world where to get them.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>packages</p>

                <p>First, check that your package is complete,
                compiles and runs well; see <a href="#debug" title=
                "Chapter&nbsp;13.&nbsp;Debugging">Chapter&nbsp;13,
                <i>Debugging</i></a> and the rest of this document.
                Next, generate an uuencoded gzipped tar(1) archive,
                preferably with all files in a single directory.
                Finally, <span><strong class=
                "command">send-pr</strong></span> with category
                &#8220;<span class="quote">pkg</span>&#8221;, a
                synopsis which includes the package name and
                version number, a short description of your package
                (contents of the COMMENT variable or DESCR file are
                OK) and attach the archive to your PR.</p>

                <p>If you want to submit several packages, please
                send a separate PR for each one, it's easier for us
                to track things that way.</p>

                <p>Alternatively, you can also import new packages
                into pkgsrc-wip (&#8220;<span class="quote">pkgsrc
                work-in-progress</span>&#8221;); see the homepage
                at <a href="http://pkgsrc-wip.sourceforge.net/"
                target=
                "_top">http://pkgsrc-wip.sourceforge.net/</a> for
                details.</p>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2594432" id=
                "id2594432"></a>14.2.&nbsp;Committing: Importing a
                package into CVS</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>This section is only of interest for pkgsrc developers
          with write access to the pkgsrc repository. Please
          remember that cvs imports files relative to the current
          working directory, and that the pathname that you give
          the <span><strong class="command">cvs
          import</strong></span> command is so that it knows where
          to place the files in the repository. Newly created
          packages should be imported with a vendor tag of
          &#8220;<span class="quote">TNF</span>&#8221; and a
          release tag of &#8220;<span class=
          "quote">pkgsrc-base</span>&#8221;, e.g:</p>
          <pre class="programlisting">
  % cd .../pkgsrc/category/pkgname
  % cvs import pkgsrc/category/pkgname TNF pkgsrc-base
</pre>

          <p>Remember to move the directory from which you imported
          out of the way, or cvs will complain the next time you
          &#8220;<span class="quote">cvs update</span>&#8221; your
          source tree. Also don't forget to add the new package to
          the category's <code class=
          "filename">Makefile</code>.</p>

          <p>The commit message of the initial import should
          include part of the <code class="filename">DESCR</code>
          file, so people reading the mailing lists know what the
          package is/does.</p>

          <p>Please note all package updates/additions in
          <code class="filename">pkgsrc/doc/CHANGES</code>. It's
          very important to keep this file up to date and
          conforming to the existing format, because it will be
          used by scripts to automatically update pages on <a href=
          "http://www.NetBSD.org/" target="_top">www.NetBSD.org</a>
          and other sites. Additionally, check the pkgsrc/doc/TODO
          file and remove the entry for the package you updated, in
          case it was mentioned there.</p>

          <p>For new packages, &#8220;<span class="quote">cvs
          import</span>&#8221; is preferred to &#8220;<span class=
          "quote">cvs add</span>&#8221; because the former gets
          everything with a single command, and provides a
          consistent tag.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2594563" id="id2594563"></a>14.3.&nbsp;Updating
                a package to a newer version</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>Please always put a concise, appropriate and relevant
          summary of the changes between old and new versions into
          the commit log when updating a package. There are various
          reasons for this:</p>

          <div class="itemizedlist">
            <ul type="disc">
              <li>
                <p>A URL is volatile, and can change over time. It
                may go away completely or its information may be
                overwritten by newer information.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Having the change information between old and
                new versions in our CVS repository is very useful
                for people who use either cvs or anoncvs.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Having the change information between old and
                new versions in our CVS repository is very useful
                for people who read the pkgsrc-changes mailing
                list, so that they can make tactical decisions
                about when to upgrade the package.</p>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </div>

          <p>Please also recognise that, just because a new version
          of a package has been released, it should not
          automatically be upgraded in the CVS repository. We
          prefer to be conservative in the packages that are
          included in pkgsrc - development or beta packages are not
          really the best thing for most places in which pkgsrc is
          used. Please use your judgement about what should go into
          pkgsrc, and bear in mind that stability is to be
          preferred above new and possibly untested features.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
                "id2594582" id="id2594582"></a>14.4.&nbsp;Moving a
                package in pkgsrc</h2>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="orderedlist">
            <ol type="1">
              <li>
                <p>Make a copy of the directory somewhere else.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Remove all CVS dirs.</p>

                <p>Alternatively to the first two steps you can
                also do:</p>
                <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cvs -d user@cvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot export -D today pkgsrc/category/package</code></strong>
</pre>

                <p>and use that for further work.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Fix <code class="varname">CATEGORIES</code> and
                any <code class="varname">DEPENDS</code> paths that
                just did &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">../package</span>&#8221; instead of
                &#8220;<span class=
                "quote">../../category/package</span>&#8221;.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><span><strong class="command">cvs
                import</strong></span> the modified package in the
                new place.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Check if any package depends on it:</p>
                <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cd /usr/pkgsrc</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>grep /package */*/Makefile* */*/buildlink*</code></strong>
</pre>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Fix paths in packages from step 5 to point to
                new location.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p><span><strong class="command">cvs rm
                (-f)</strong></span> the package at the old
                location.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Remove from <code class=
                "filename">oldcategory/Makefile</code>.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Add to <code class=
                "filename">newcategory/Makefile</code>.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Commit the changed and removed files:</p>
                <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">%</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cvs commit oldcategory/package oldcategory/Makefile newcategory/Makefile</code></strong>
</pre>

                <p>(and any packages from step 5, of course).</p>
              </li>
            </ol>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="appendix" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
      <div class="titlepage">
        <div>
          <div>
            <h2 class="title"><a name="examples" id=
            "examples"></a>Appendix&nbsp;A.&nbsp;A simple example
            package: bison</h2>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="toc">
        <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>

        <dl>
          <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2594808">A.1.
          files</a></span></dt>

          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2594811">A.1.1.
              Makefile</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2594887">A.1.2.
              DESCR</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2594902">A.1.3.
              PLIST</a></span></dt>

              <dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#id2594909">A.1.4.
              Checking a package with <span><strong class=
              "command">pkglint</strong></span></a></span></dt>
            </dl>
          </dd>

          <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2594950">A.2. Steps
          for building, installing, packaging</a></span></dt>
        </dl>
      </div>

      <p>We checked to find a piece of software that wasn't in the
      packages collection, and picked GNU bison. Quite why someone
      would want to have <span><strong class=
      "command">bison</strong></span> when Berkeley
      <span><strong class="command">yacc</strong></span> is already
      present in the tree is beyond us, but it's useful for the
      purposes of this exercise.</p>

      <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
              "id2594808" id="id2594808"></a>A.1.&nbsp;files</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h3 class="title"><a name="id2594811" id=
                "id2594811"></a>A.1.1.&nbsp;Makefile</h3>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
          <pre class="programlisting">
# $NetBSD$
#

DISTNAME=       bison-1.25
CATEGORIES=     devel
MASTER_SITES=   ${MASTER_SITE_GNU}

MAINTAINER=     thorpej@NetBSD.org
HOMEPAGE=       http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/bison.html
COMMENT=        GNU yacc clone

GNU_CONFIGURE=  yes
INFO_FILES=     bison.info

.include "../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk"
</pre>
        </div>

        <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h3 class="title"><a name="id2594887" id=
                "id2594887"></a>A.1.2.&nbsp;DESCR</h3>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
          <pre class="programlisting">
GNU version of yacc.  Can make re-entrant parsers, and numerous other
improvements.  Why you would want this when Berkeley <a href=
"http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?yacc+1+NetBSD-current"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">yacc</span>(1)</span></a> is part
of the NetBSD source tree is beyond me.
</pre>
        </div>

        <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h3 class="title"><a name="id2594902" id=
                "id2594902"></a>A.1.3.&nbsp;PLIST</h3>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
          <pre class="programlisting">
@comment $NetBSD$
bin/bison
man/man1/bison.1.gz
info/bison.info
info/bison.info-1
info/bison.info-2
info/bison.info-3
info/bison.info-4
info/bison.info-5
share/bison.simple
share/bison.hairy
</pre>
        </div>

        <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <div class="titlepage">
            <div>
              <div>
                <h3 class="title"><a name="id2594909" id=
                "id2594909"></a>A.1.4.&nbsp;Checking a package with
                <span><strong class=
                "command">pkglint</strong></span></h3>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <p>The NetBSD package system comes with <a xmlns=
          "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" href=
          "ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkglint/README.html"
          class="pkgname">pkgtools/pkglint</a> which helps to check
          the contents of these files. After installation it is
          quite easy to use, just change to the directory of the
          package you wish to examine and execute
          <span><strong class=
          "command">pkglint</strong></span>:</p>
          <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>pkglint</code></strong>
OK: checking ./DESCR.
OK: checking Makefile.
OK: checking distinfo.
OK: checking patches/patch-aa.
looks fine.
</pre>

          <p>Depending on the supplied command line arguments (see
          pkglint(1)) more verbose checks will be performed. Use
          e.g. <span><strong class="command">pkglint
          -v</strong></span> for a very verbose check.</p>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
              "id2594950" id="id2594950"></a>A.2.&nbsp;Steps for
              building, installing, packaging</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <p>Create the directory where the package lives, plus any
        auxiliary directories:</p>
        <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cd /usr/pkgsrc/lang</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>mkdir bison</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>cd bison</code></strong>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>mkdir patches</code></strong>
</pre>

        <p>Create <code class="filename">Makefile</code>,
        <code class="filename">DESCR</code> and <code class=
        "filename">PLIST</code> (see <a href="#components" title=
        "Chapter&nbsp;7.&nbsp;Package components - files, directories and contents">
        Chapter 7, <i>Package components - files, directories and
        contents</i></a>) then continue with fetching the
        distfile:</p>
        <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make fetch</code></strong>
&gt;&gt; bison-1.25.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system.
&gt;&gt; Attempting to fetch from ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu//.
Requesting ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/)
ftp: Error retrieving file: 500 Internal error

&gt;&gt; Attempting to fetch from ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/systems/gnu//.
Requesting ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/systems/gnu//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/)
ftp: Error retrieving file: 500 Internal error

&gt;&gt; Attempting to fetch from ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles//.
Requesting ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/)
Successfully retrieved file.
</pre>

        <p>Generate the checksum of the distfile into <code class=
        "filename">distinfo</code>:</p>
        <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make makesum</code></strong>
</pre>

        <p>Now compile:</p>
        <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
&gt;&gt; Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz.
===&gt;  Extracting for bison-1.25
===&gt;  Patching for bison-1.25
===&gt;   Ignoring empty patch directory
===&gt;  Configuring for bison-1.25
creating cache ./config.cache
checking for gcc... cc
checking whether we are using GNU C... yes
checking for a BSD compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin
checking how to run the C preprocessor... cc -E
checking for minix/config.h... no
checking for POSIXized ISC... no
checking whether cross-compiling... no
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for working const... yes
checking for working alloca.h... no
checking for alloca... yes
checking for strerror... yes
updating cache ./config.cache
creating ./config.status
creating Makefile
===&gt;  Building for bison-1.25
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g LR0.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g allocate.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g closure.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g conflicts.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g derives.c
cc -c -DXPFILE=\"/usr/pkg/share/bison.simple\"  -DXPFILE1=\"/usr/pkg/share/bison.hairy\" -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1  -g  ./files.c 
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g getargs.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g gram.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g lalr.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g lex.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g main.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g nullable.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g output.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g print.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g reader.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g reduce.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g symtab.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g warshall.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g version.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g getopt.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g getopt1.c
cc  -g -o bison LR0.o allocate.o closure.o conflicts.o derives.o files.o         getargs.o gram.o lalr.o lex.o                                   main.o nullable.o output.o print.o reader.o reduce.o symtab.o   warshall.o version.o getopt.o getopt1.o
./files.c:240: warning: mktemp() possibly used unsafely, consider using mkstemp()
rm -f bison.s1
sed -e "/^#line/ s|bison|/usr/pkg/share/bison|" &lt; ./bison.simple &gt; bison.s1
</pre>

        <p>Everything seems OK, so install the files:</p>
        <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make install</code></strong>
&gt;&gt; Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz.
===&gt;  Installing for bison-1.25
sh ./mkinstalldirs /usr/pkg/bin /usr/pkg/share  /usr/pkg/info /usr/pkg/man/man1
rm -f /usr/pkg/bin/bison
cd /usr/pkg/share; rm -f bison.simple bison.hairy
rm -f /usr/pkg/man/man1/bison.1 /usr/pkg/info/bison.info*
install -c  -o bin -g bin -m 555 bison /usr/pkg/bin/bison
/usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 bison.s1 /usr/pkg/share/bison.simple
/usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 ./bison.hairy /usr/pkg/share/bison.hairy
cd .; for f in bison.info*;  do /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 $f /usr/pkg/info/$f; done
/usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 ./bison.1 /usr/pkg/man/man1/bison.1
===&gt;  Registering installation for bison-1.25
</pre>

        <p>You can now use bison, and also - if you decide so -
        remove it with <span><strong class="command">pkg_delete
        bison</strong></span>. Should you decide that you want a
        binary package, do this now:</p>
        <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make package</code></strong>
&gt;&gt; Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz.
===&gt;  Building package for bison-1.25
Creating package bison-1.25.tgz
Registering depends:.
Creating gzip'd tar ball in '/u/pkgsrc/lang/bison/bison-1.25.tgz'
</pre>

        <p>Now that you don't need the source and object files any
        more, clean up:</p>
        <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make clean</code></strong>
===&gt;  Cleaning for bison-1.25
</pre>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="appendix" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
      <div class="titlepage">
        <div>
          <div>
            <h2 class="title"><a name="logs" id=
            "logs"></a>Appendix&nbsp;B.&nbsp;Build logs</h2>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="toc">
        <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>

        <dl>
          <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#logs.building">B.1.
          Building figlet</a></span></dt>

          <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#logs.package">B.2.
          Packaging figlet</a></span></dt>
        </dl>
      </div>

      <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
              "logs.building" id=
              "logs.building"></a>B.1.&nbsp;Building figlet</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make</code></strong>
===&gt; Checking for vulnerabilities in figlet-2.2.1nb2
=&gt; figlet221.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system.
=&gt; Attempting to fetch figlet221.tar.gz from ftp://ftp.figlet.org/pub/figlet/program/unix/.
=&gt; [172219 bytes]
Connected to ftp.plig.net.
220 ftp.plig.org NcFTPd Server (licensed copy) ready.
331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password.
230-You are user #5 of 500 simultaneous users allowed.
230-
230-  ___ _             _ _                   
230- |  _| |_ ___   ___| |_|___   ___ ___ ___ 
230- |  _|  _| . |_| . | | | . |_| . |  _| . |
230- |_| |_| |  _|_|  _|_|_|_  |_|___|_| |_  |
230-         |_|   |_|     |___|         |___|
230-
230-** Welcome to ftp.plig.org **
230-
230-Please note that all transfers from this FTP site are logged. If you
230-do not like this, please disconnect now.
230-
230-This arhive is available via
230-
230-HTTP:  http://ftp.plig.org/
230-FTP:   ftp://ftp.plig.org/     (max 500 connections)
230-RSYNC: rsync://ftp.plig.org/   (max  30 connections)
230-
230-Please email comments, bug reports and requests for packages to be
230-mirrored to ftp-admin@plig.org.   
230-
230-
230 Logged in anonymously.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
200 Type okay.
250 "/pub" is new cwd.
250-"/pub/figlet" is new cwd.
250-
250-Welcome to the figlet archive at ftp.figlet.org
250-    
250-    ftp://ftp.figlet.org/pub/figlet/
250-
250-The official FIGlet web page is:
250-    http://www.figlet.org/
250-
250-If you have questions, please mailto:info@figlet.org. If you want to
250-contribute a font or something else, you can email us.
250 
250 "/pub/figlet/program" is new cwd.
250 "/pub/figlet/program/unix" is new cwd.
local: figlet221.tar.gz remote: figlet221.tar.gz
502 Unimplemented command.
227 Entering Passive Mode (195,40,6,41,246,104)
150 Data connection accepted from 84.128.86.72:65131; transfer starting for figlet221.tar.gz (172219 bytes).
38% |**************                       | 65800      64.16 KB/s    00:01 ETA
226 Transfer completed.
172219 bytes received in 00:02 (75.99 KB/s)
221 Goodbye.
=&gt; Checksum OK for figlet221.tar.gz.
===&gt; Extracting for figlet-2.2.1nb2
===&gt; Required installed package ccache-[0-9]*: ccache-2.3nb1 found
===&gt; Patching for figlet-2.2.1nb2
===&gt; Applying pkgsrc patches for figlet-2.2.1nb2
===&gt; Overriding tools for figlet-2.2.1nb2
===&gt; Creating toolchain wrappers for figlet-2.2.1nb2
===&gt; Configuring for figlet-2.2.1nb2
===&gt; Building for figlet-2.2.1nb2
gcc -O2 -DDEFAULTFONTDIR=\"/usr/pkg/share/figlet\"  -DDEFAULTFONTFILE=\"standard.flf\"  figlet.c zipio.c crc.c inflate.c -o figlet
chmod a+x figlet
gcc -O2 -o chkfont chkfont.c
=&gt; Unwrapping files-to-be-installed.
<code class="prompt">#</code>
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make install</code></strong>
===&gt; Checking for vulnerabilities in figlet-2.2.1nb2
===&gt; Installing for figlet-2.2.1nb2
install -d -o root -g wheel -m 755 /usr/pkg/bin
install -d -o root -g wheel -m 755 /usr/pkg/man/man6
mkdir -p /usr/pkg/share/figlet
cp figlet /usr/pkg/bin
cp chkfont /usr/pkg/bin
chmod 555 figlist showfigfonts
cp figlist /usr/pkg/bin
cp showfigfonts /usr/pkg/bin
cp fonts/*.flf /usr/pkg/share/figlet
cp fonts/*.flc /usr/pkg/share/figlet
cp figlet.6 /usr/pkg/man/man6
===&gt; Registering installation for figlet-2.2.1nb2
<code class="prompt">#</code>
</pre>
      </div>

      <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
              "logs.package" id=
              "logs.package"></a>B.2.&nbsp;Packaging figlet</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">#</code> <strong class=
"userinput"><code>make package</code></strong>
===&gt; Checking for vulnerabilities in figlet-2.2.1nb2
===&gt; Packaging figlet-2.2.1nb2
===&gt; Building binary package for figlet-2.2.1nb2
Creating package /home/cvs/pkgsrc/packages/i386/All/figlet-2.2.1nb2.tgz
Using SrcDir value of /usr/pkg
Registering depends:.  
<code class="prompt">#</code>
</pre>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="appendix" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
      <div class="titlepage">
        <div>
          <div>
            <h2 class="title"><a name="ftp-layout" id=
            "ftp-layout"></a>Appendix&nbsp;C.&nbsp;Layout of the
            FTP server's package archive</h2>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <p>Layout for precompiled binary packages on
      ftp.NetBSD.org:</p>
      <pre class="programlisting">
/pub/NetBSD/packages/
                distfiles/

                # Unpacked pkgsrc trees
                pkgsrc-current -&gt; /pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-current/pkgsrc
                pkgsrc-2003Q4 -&gt; N/A
                pkgsrc-2004Q1/pkgsrc

                # pkgsrc archives
                pkgsrc-current.tar.gz -&gt; ../NetBSD-current/tar_files/pkgsrc.tar.gz
                pkgsrc-2003Q4.tar.gz -&gt; N/A
                pkgsrc-2004Q1.tar.gz -&gt; N/A

                # Per pkgsrc-release/OS-release/arch package archives
                pkgsrc-2003Q4/
                        NetBSD-1.6.2/
                                i386/
                                        All/
                                        archivers/
                                                foo -&gt; ../All/foo
                                        ...
                pkgsrc-2004Q1/
                        NetBSD-1.6.2/
                                i386/
                                        All/
                                        ...
                        NetBSD-2.0/
                                i386/
                                        All/
                                        ...
                        SunOS-5.9/
                                sparc/
                                        All/
                                        ...
                                x86/
                                        All/
                                        ...

                # Per os-release package archive convenience links
                NetBSD-1.6.2 -&gt; 1.6.2
                1.6.2/
                        i386 -&gt; ../pkgsrc-2004Q1/NetBSD-1.6.2/i386
                        m68k/
                                All/
                                archivers/
                                        foo -&gt; ../All/foo
                                ...
                        amiga -&gt; m68k
                        atari -&gt; m68k
                        ...

                2.0 -&gt; NetBSD-2.0       # backward compat, historic
                NetBSD-2.0/
                        i386 -&gt; ../pkgsrc-2004Q1/NetBSD-2.0/i386
                SunOS-5.9/
                        sparc -&gt; ../pkgsrc-2004Q1/SunOS-5.9/sparc
                        x86 -&gt; ../pkgsrc-2004Q1/SunOS-5.9/x86
                        
</pre>

      <p>To create:</p>

      <div class="orderedlist">
        <ol type="1">
          <li>
            <p>Run bulk build, see <a href="#bulkbuild" title=
            "5.3.&nbsp;Doing a bulk build of all packages">Section
            5.3, &#8220;Doing a bulk build of all
            packages&#8221;</a></p>
          </li>

          <li>
            <p>Upload /usr/pkgsrc/packages to</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
    ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/\
        pkgsrc-2004Q3/\                         # pkgsrc-branch
        `uname -s`-`uname -r`/                  # OS &amp; version
        `uname -p`                              # architecture
       
</pre>
          </li>

          <li>
            <p>If necessary, create a symlink <span><strong class=
            "command">ln -s `uname -m` `uname -p`</strong></span>
            (amiga -&gt; m68k, ...)</p>
          </li>
        </ol>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="appendix" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
      <div class="titlepage">
        <div>
          <div>
            <h2 class="title"><a name="editing" id=
            "editing"></a>Appendix&nbsp;D.&nbsp;Editing guidelines
            for the pkgsrc guide</h2>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="toc">
        <p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>

        <dl>
          <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2595665">D.1.
          Targets</a></span></dt>

          <dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#id2595940">D.2.
          Procedure</a></span></dt>
        </dl>
      </div>

      <p>This section contains information on editing the pkgsrc
      guide itself.</p>

      <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
              "id2595665" id="id2595665"></a>D.1.&nbsp;Targets</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <p>The pkgsrc guide's source code is stored in <code class=
        "filename">pkgsrc/doc/guide/files</code>, and several files
        are created from it:</p>

        <div class="itemizedlist">
          <ul type="disc">
            <li>
              <p><code class=
              "filename">pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.txt</code>, which
              replaces <code class=
              "filename">pkgsrc/Packages.txt</code></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><code class=
              "filename">pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.html</code></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><code class=
              "filename">http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/pkgsrc/</code>:
              the documentation on the NetBSD website will be built
              from pkgsrc and kept up to date on the web server
              itself. This means you <span class=
              "emphasis"><em>must</em></span> make sure that your
              changes haven't broken the build!</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><code class=
              "filename">http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.pdf</code>:
              PDF version of the pkgsrc guide.</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><code class=
              "filename">http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.ps</code>:
              PostScript version of the pkgsrc guide.</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <div class="titlepage">
          <div>
            <div>
              <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name=
              "id2595940" id=
              "id2595940"></a>D.2.&nbsp;Procedure</h2>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>

        <p>The procedure to edit the pkgsrc guide is:</p>

        <div class="itemizedlist">
          <ul type="disc">
            <li>
              <p>Make sure you have the packages needed to
              re-generate the pkgsrc guide (and other XML-based
              NetBSD documentation) installed. These are
              &#8220;<span class="quote">pkgsrc-doc</span>&#8221;
              for creating the ASCII- and HTML-version, and
              &#8220;<span class=
              "quote">pkgsrc-doc-print</span>&#8221;for the
              PostScript- and PDF version. You will need both
              packages installed, to make sure documentation is
              consistent across all formats. The packages can be
              found in <code class=
              "filename">pkgsrc/meta-pkgs/netbsd-doc</code> and
              <code class=
              "filename">pkgsrc/meta-pkgs/netbsd-doc-print</code>.</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Edit the XML file(s) in <code class=
              "filename">pkgsrc/doc/guide/files</code>.</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Run <span><strong class="command">make extract
              &amp;&amp; make do-lint</strong></span> in
              <code class="filename">pkgsrc/doc/guide</code> to
              check the XML syntax, and fix it if needed.</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Run <span><strong class=
              "command">make</strong></span> in <code class=
              "filename">pkgsrc/doc/guide</code> to build the HTML
              and ASCII version.</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>If all is well, run <span><strong class=
              "command">make install-doc</strong></span> to put the
              generated files into <code class=
              "filename">pkgsrc/doc</code>.</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><span><strong class="command">cvs commit
              pkgsrc/doc/guide/files</strong></span></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><span><strong class="command">cvs commit -m
              re-generate
              pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.{html,txt}</strong></span></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Until the webserver on www.NetBSD.org is really
              updated automatically to pick up changes to the
              pkgsrc guide automatically, also run
              <span><strong class="command">make install-htdoc
              HTDOCSDIR=../../../htdocs</strong></span> (or
              similar, adjust <code class=
              "varname">HTDOCSDIR</code>!).</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p><span><strong class="command">cvs commit
              htdocs/Documentation/pkgsrc</strong></span></p>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</body>
</html>