Date: Tue, 27 Dec 2011 19:42:03 +0100 Subject: Upstream tarball 2.2.3 --- docs/manual/howto/access.html | 3 + docs/manual/howto/access.html.en | 189 +++++++++ docs/manual/howto/auth.html | 11 + docs/manual/howto/auth.html.en | 391 +++++++++++++++++++ docs/manual/howto/auth.html.ja.euc-jp | 386 +++++++++++++++++++ docs/manual/howto/auth.html.ko.euc-kr | 323 ++++++++++++++++ docs/manual/howto/cgi.html | 11 + docs/manual/howto/cgi.html.en | 555 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ docs/manual/howto/cgi.html.ja.euc-jp | 549 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ docs/manual/howto/cgi.html.ko.euc-kr | 503 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html | 15 + docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.en | 385 +++++++++++++++++++ docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.ja.euc-jp | 383 ++++++++++++++++++ docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.ko.euc-kr | 333 ++++++++++++++++ docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.pt-br | 375 ++++++++++++++++++ docs/manual/howto/index.html | 11 + docs/manual/howto/index.html.en | 117 ++++++ docs/manual/howto/index.html.ja.euc-jp | 104 +++++ docs/manual/howto/index.html.ko.euc-kr | 109 ++++++ docs/manual/howto/public_html.html | 11 + docs/manual/howto/public_html.html.en | 161 ++++++++ docs/manual/howto/public_html.html.ja.euc-jp | 155 ++++++++ docs/manual/howto/public_html.html.ko.euc-kr | 156 ++++++++ docs/manual/howto/ssi.html | 11 + docs/manual/howto/ssi.html.en | 486 +++++++++++++++++++++++ docs/manual/howto/ssi.html.ja.euc-jp | 481 +++++++++++++++++++++++ docs/manual/howto/ssi.html.ko.euc-kr | 426 ++++++++++++++++++++ 27 files changed, 6640 insertions(+) create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/access.html create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/access.html.en create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/auth.html create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/auth.html.en create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/auth.html.ja.euc-jp create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/auth.html.ko.euc-kr create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/cgi.html create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/cgi.html.en create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/cgi.html.ja.euc-jp create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/cgi.html.ko.euc-kr create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.en create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.ja.euc-jp create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.ko.euc-kr create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.pt-br create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/index.html create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/index.html.en create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/index.html.ja.euc-jp create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/index.html.ko.euc-kr create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/public_html.html create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/public_html.html.en create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/public_html.html.ja.euc-jp create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/public_html.html.ko.euc-kr create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/ssi.html create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/ssi.html.en create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/ssi.html.ja.euc-jp create mode 100644 docs/manual/howto/ssi.html.ko.euc-kr (limited to 'docs/manual/howto') diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/access.html b/docs/manual/howto/access.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e4762a1e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/access.html @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +URI: access.html.en +Content-Language: en +Content-type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/access.html.en b/docs/manual/howto/access.html.en new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8b94ac9b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/access.html.en @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ + + + +Access Control - Apache HTTP Server + + + + + +

+Apache > HTTP Server > Documentation > Version 2.2 > How-To / Tutorials

Access Control

Available Languages: en

+ +

Access control refers to any means of controlling access to any + resource. This is separate from authentication and authorization.

Related Modules and Directives
Access control by host
Access control by environment variable
Access control with mod_rewrite
More information

Related Modules and Directives

+ +

Access control can be done by several different modules. The most +important of these is mod_authz_host. Other modules +discussed in this document include mod_setenvif and +mod_rewrite.

+ +

Access control by host

+ If you wish to restrict access to portions of your site based on the + host address of your visitors, this is most easily done using + mod_authz_host. +

+ +

The Allow and + Deny directives let + you allow and deny access based on the host name, or host + address, of the machine requesting a document. The + Order directive goes + hand-in-hand with these two, and tells Apache in which order to + apply the filters.

+ +

The usage of these directives is:

+ +

+ Allow from address +

+ +

where address is an IP address (or a partial IP + address) or a fully qualified domain name (or a partial domain + name); you may provide multiple addresses or domain names, if + desired.

+ +

For example, if you have someone spamming your message + board, and you want to keep them out, you could do the + following:

+ +

+ Deny from 10.252.46.165 +

+ +

Visitors coming from that address will not be able to see + the content covered by this directive. If, instead, you have a + machine name, rather than an IP address, you can use that.

+ +

+ Deny from host.example.com +

+ +

And, if you'd like to block access from an entire domain, + you can specify just part of an address or domain name:

+ +

+ Deny from 192.168.205 + Deny from phishers.example.com moreidiots.example + Deny from ke +

+ +

Using Order will let you + be sure that you are actually restricting things to the group that you want + to let in, by combining a Deny and an Allow directive:

+ +

+ Order deny,allow + Deny from all + Allow from dev.example.com +

+ +

Listing just the Allow + directive would not do what you want, because it will let folks from that + host in, in addition to letting everyone in. What you want is to let + only those folks in.

Access control by environment variable

+ +

+ mod_authz_host, in conjunction with + mod_setenvif, can be used to restrict access to + your website based on the value of arbitrary environment variables. + This is done with the Allow from env= and Deny + from env= syntax. +

+ +

+ SetEnvIf User-Agent BadBot GoAway=1 + Order allow,deny + Allow from all + Deny from env=GoAway +

+ +

Warning:

Access control by User-Agent is an unreliable technique, + since the User-Agent header can be set to anything at all, + at the whim of the end user.

+ +

+ In the above example, the environment variable GoAway + is set to 1 if the User-Agent matches the + string BadBot. Then we deny access for any request when + this variable is set. This blocks that particular user agent from + the site. +

+ +

An environment variable test can be negated using the =! + syntax:

+ +

+ Allow from env=!GoAway +

+ +

Access control with mod_rewrite

+ +

The [F] RewriteRule flag causes a 403 Forbidden +response to be sent. Using this, you can deny access to a resource based +on arbitrary criteria.

+ +

For example, if you wish to block access to a resource between 8pm +and 6am, you can do this using mod_rewrite.

+ +

+RewriteEngine On +RewriteCond %{TIME_HOUR} > 20 [OR] +RewriteCond %{TIME_HOUR} < 07 +RewriteRule ^/fridge - [F] +

+ +

This will return a 403 Forbidden response for any request after 8pm +or before 7am. This technique can be used for any criteria that you wish +to check. You can also redirect, or otherwise rewrite these requests, if +that approach is preferred.

+ +

More information

You should also read the documentation for + mod_auth_basic and mod_authz_host which + contain some more information about how this all works. + mod_authn_alias can also help in simplifying certain + authentication configurations.

+ +

See the Authentication and Authorization + howto.

Available Languages: en

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/auth.html b/docs/manual/howto/auth.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fddd9973 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/auth.html @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +URI: auth.html.en +Content-Language: en +Content-type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 + +URI: auth.html.ja.euc-jp +Content-Language: ja +Content-type: text/html; charset=EUC-JP + +URI: auth.html.ko.euc-kr +Content-Language: ko +Content-type: text/html; charset=EUC-KR diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/auth.html.en b/docs/manual/howto/auth.html.en new file mode 100644 index 00000000..491abd15 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/auth.html.en @@ -0,0 +1,391 @@ + + + +Authentication, Authorization and Access Control - Apache HTTP Server + + + + + +

+Apache > HTTP Server > Documentation > Version 2.2 > How-To / Tutorials

Authentication, Authorization and Access Control

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko

+ +

Authentication is any process by which you verify that + someone is who they claim they are. Authorization is any + process by which someone is allowed to be where they want to + go, or to have information that they want to have.

Related Modules and Directives
Introduction
The Prerequisites
Getting it working
Letting more than one +person in
Possible problems
Alternate password storage
More information

Related Modules and Directives

+ +

There are three types of modules involved in the authentication and +authorization process. You will usually need to choose at least one +module from each group.

+ +

Authentication type (see the + AuthType directive) +
- mod_auth_basic
- mod_auth_digest
+
Authentication provider +
- mod_authn_alias
- mod_authn_anon
- mod_authn_dbd
- mod_authn_dbm
- mod_authn_default
- mod_authn_file
- mod_authnz_ldap
+
Authorization (see the + Require directive) +
- mod_authnz_ldap
- mod_authz_dbm
- mod_authz_default
- mod_authz_groupfile
- mod_authz_owner
- mod_authz_user
+

+ +

The module mod_authnz_ldap is both an + authentication and authorization provider. The module + mod_authn_alias is not an authentication provider + in itself, but allows other authentication providers to be + configured in a flexible manner.

+ +

The module mod_authz_host provides authorization + and access control based on hostname, IP address or characteristics + of the request, but is not part of the authentication provider + system.

+ +

You probably also want to take a look at the Access Control howto, which discusses the + various ways to control access to your server.

+ +

Introduction

If you have information on your web site that is sensitive + or intended for only a small group of people, the techniques in + this article will help you make sure that the people that see + those pages are the people that you wanted to see them.

+ +

This article covers the "standard" way of protecting parts + of your web site that most of you are going to use.

+ +

Note:

If your data really needs to be secure, consider using + mod_ssl in addition to any authentication.

The Prerequisites

The directives discussed in this article will need to go + either in your main server configuration file (typically in a + <Directory> section), or + in per-directory configuration files (.htaccess files).

+ +

If you plan to use .htaccess files, you will + need to have a server configuration that permits putting + authentication directives in these files. This is done with the + AllowOverride directive, which + specifies which directives, if any, may be put in per-directory + configuration files.

+ +

Since we're talking here about authentication, you will need + an AllowOverride directive like the + following:

+ +

+ AllowOverride AuthConfig +

+ +

Or, if you are just going to put the directives directly in + your main server configuration file, you will of course need to + have write permission to that file.

+ +

And you'll need to know a little bit about the directory + structure of your server, in order to know where some files are + kept. This should not be terribly difficult, and I'll try to + make this clear when we come to that point.

Getting it working

Here's the basics of password protecting a directory on your + server.

+ +

First, you need to create a password file. Exactly how you do + this will vary depending on what authentication provider you have + chosen. More on that later. To start with, we'll use a text password + file.

+ +

This file should be + placed somewhere not accessible from the web. This is so that + folks cannot download the password file. For example, if your + documents are served out of /usr/local/apache/htdocs you + might want to put the password file(s) in + /usr/local/apache/passwd.

+ +

To create the file, use the htpasswd utility that + came with Apache. This will be located in the bin directory + of wherever you installed Apache. If you have installed Apache from + a third-party package, it may be in your execution path.

+ +

To create the file, type:

+ +

+ htpasswd -c /usr/local/apache/passwd/passwords rbowen +

+ +

htpasswd will ask you for the password, and + then ask you to type it again to confirm it:

+ +

+ # htpasswd -c /usr/local/apache/passwd/passwords rbowen + New password: mypassword + Re-type new password: mypassword + Adding password for user rbowen +

+ +

If htpasswd is not in your path, of course + you'll have to type the full path to the file to get it to run. + With a default installation, it's located at + /usr/local/apache2/bin/htpasswd

+ +

Next, you'll need to configure the server to request a + password and tell the server which users are allowed access. + You can do this either by editing the httpd.conf + file or using an .htaccess file. For example, if + you wish to protect the directory + /usr/local/apache/htdocs/secret, you can use the + following directives, either placed in the file + /usr/local/apache/htdocs/secret/.htaccess, or + placed in httpd.conf inside a <Directory + /usr/local/apache/apache/htdocs/secret> section.

+ +

+ AuthType Basic + AuthName "Restricted Files" + # (Following line optional) + AuthBasicProvider file + AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache/passwd/passwords + Require user rbowen +

+ +

Let's examine each of those directives individually. The AuthType directive selects + that method that is used to authenticate the user. The most + common method is Basic, and this is the method + implemented by mod_auth_basic. It is important to be aware, + however, that Basic authentication sends the password from the client to + the server unencrypted. This method should therefore not be used for + highly sensitive data, unless accompanied by mod_ssl. + Apache supports one other authentication method: + AuthType Digest. This method is implemented by mod_auth_digest and is much more secure. Most recent + browsers support Digest authentication.

+ +

The AuthName directive sets + the Realm to be used in the authentication. The realm serves + two major functions. First, the client often presents this information to + the user as part of the password dialog box. Second, it is used by the + client to determine what password to send for a given authenticated + area.

+ +

So, for example, once a client has authenticated in the + "Restricted Files" area, it will automatically + retry the same password for any area on the same server that is + marked with the "Restricted Files" Realm. + Therefore, you can prevent a user from being prompted more than + once for a password by letting multiple restricted areas share + the same realm. Of course, for security reasons, the client + will always need to ask again for the password whenever the + hostname of the server changes.

+ +

The AuthBasicProvider is, + in this case, optional, since file is the default value + for this directive. You'll need to use this directive if you are + choosing a different source for authentication, such as + mod_authn_dbm or mod_authn_dbd.

+ +

The AuthUserFile + directive sets the path to the password file that we just + created with htpasswd. If you have a large number + of users, it can be quite slow to search through a plain text + file to authenticate the user on each request. Apache also has + the ability to store user information in fast database files. + The mod_authn_dbm module provides the AuthDBMUserFile directive. These + files can be created and manipulated with the dbmmanage program. Many + other types of authentication options are available from third + party modules in the Apache Modules + Database.

+ +

Finally, the Require + directive provides the authorization part of the process by + setting the user that is allowed to access this region of the + server. In the next section, we discuss various ways to use the + Require directive.

Letting more than one +person in

The directives above only let one person (specifically + someone with a username of rbowen) into the + directory. In most cases, you'll want to let more than one + person in. This is where the AuthGroupFile comes in.

+ +

If you want to let more than one person in, you'll need to + create a group file that associates group names with a list of + users in that group. The format of this file is pretty simple, + and you can create it with your favorite editor. The contents + of the file will look like this:

+ +

+ GroupName: rbowen dpitts sungo rshersey +

+ +

That's just a list of the members of the group in a long + line separated by spaces.

+ +

To add a user to your already existing password file, + type:

+ +

+ htpasswd /usr/local/apache/passwd/passwords dpitts +

+ +

You'll get the same response as before, but it will be + appended to the existing file, rather than creating a new file. + (It's the -c that makes it create a new password + file).

+ +

Now, you need to modify your .htaccess file to + look like the following:

+ +

+ AuthType Basic + AuthName "By Invitation Only" + # Optional line: + AuthBasicProvider file + AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache/passwd/passwords + AuthGroupFile /usr/local/apache/passwd/groups + Require group GroupName +

+ +

Now, anyone that is listed in the group GroupName, + and has an entry in the password file, will be let in, if + they type the correct password.

+ +

There's another way to let multiple users in that is less + specific. Rather than creating a group file, you can just use + the following directive:

+ +

+ Require valid-user +

+ +

Using that rather than the Require user rbowen + line will allow anyone in that is listed in the password file, + and who correctly enters their password. You can even emulate + the group behavior here, by just keeping a separate password + file for each group. The advantage of this approach is that + Apache only has to check one file, rather than two. The + disadvantage is that you have to maintain a bunch of password + files, and remember to reference the right one in the + AuthUserFile directive.

Possible problems

Because of the way that Basic authentication is specified, + your username and password must be verified every time you + request a document from the server. This is even if you're + reloading the same page, and for every image on the page (if + they come from a protected directory). As you can imagine, this + slows things down a little. The amount that it slows things + down is proportional to the size of the password file, because + it has to open up that file, and go down the list of users + until it gets to your name. And it has to do this every time a + page is loaded.

+ +

A consequence of this is that there's a practical limit to + how many users you can put in one password file. This limit + will vary depending on the performance of your particular + server machine, but you can expect to see slowdowns once you + get above a few hundred entries, and may wish to consider a + different authentication method at that time.

Alternate password storage

+ +

Because storing passwords in plain text files has the above + problems, you may wish to store your passwords somewhere else, such + as in a database.

+ +

mod_authn_dbm and mod_authn_dbd + are two modules which make this possible. Rather than selecting + AuthBasicSource file, + instead you can choose dbm or dbd as your + storage format.

+ +

To select a dbd file rather than a text file, for example:

+ +

+ <Directory /www/docs/private> + AuthName "Private" + AuthType Basic + AuthBasicProvider dbm + AuthDBMUserFile /www/passwords/passwd.dbm + Require valid-user +

+ +

Other options are available. Consult the + mod_authn_dbm documentation for more details.

More information

+ +

And you may want to look at the Access + Control howto, which discusses a number of related topics.

+ +

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/auth.html.ja.euc-jp b/docs/manual/howto/auth.html.ja.euc-jp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..73e85d12 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/auth.html.ja.euc-jp @@ -0,0 +1,386 @@ + + + +Ç§¾Ú¡¢¾µÇ§¡¢¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹À©¸æ - Apache HTTP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð + + + + + +

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Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko

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+ # htpasswd -c /usr/local/apache/passwd/passwords rbowen + New password: mypassword + Re-type new password: mypassword + Adding password for user rbowen +

+ +

¤â¤· htpasswd ¤¬¥Ñ¥¹¤ÎÃæ¤ËÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢ + ¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¡¢¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Þ¤Ç¤Î¥Õ¥ë¥Ñ¥¹¤ò + ¥¿¥¤¥×¤¹¤ëÉ¬Í×¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£»ä¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ + /usr/local/apache/bin/htpasswd + ¤Ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬ÃÖ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

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¼¡¤Ë¡¢¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤òÍ×µá¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄê¤·¤Æ¡¢ + ¤É¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤òµö¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤ò¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ËÃÎ¤é¤»¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð + ¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ httpd.conf ¤òÊÔ½¸¤¹¤ë¤« + .htaccess ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò»ÈÍÑ¤¹¤ë¤«¤Ç + ÀßÄê¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£Îã¤¨¤Ð¡¢¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê + /usr/local/apache/htdocs/secret + ¤òÊÝ¸î¤·¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢ + /usr/local/apache/htdocs/secret/.htaccess + ¤« httpd.conf Ãæ¤Î <Directory + /usr/local/apache/apache/htdocs/secret> ¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë + ÇÛÃÖ¤·¤Æ¡¢¼¡¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

+ +

+ AuthType Basic + AuthName "Restricted Files" + AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache/passwd/passwords + Require user rbowen +

+ +

¸Ä¡¹¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¸«¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦¡£ + AuthType + ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ï¤É¤¦¤¤¤¦Ç§¾ÚÊýË¡¤Ç¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ÎÇ§¾Ú¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤«¤ò + ÁªÂò¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ºÇ¤â°ìÈÌÅª¤ÊÊýË¡¤Ï Basic + ¤Ç¡¢¤³¤ì¤Ï mod_auth_basic + ¤Ç¼ÂÁõ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤·¤«¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é¡¢ + ¤³¤ì¤Ïµ¤¤òÉÕ¤±¤ë¤Ù¤½ÅÍ×¤Ê¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢ + Basic Ç§¾Ú¤Ï¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤«¤é¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ø¡¢ + ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò°Å¹æ²½¤»¤º¤ËÁ÷¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Ç¤¹¤«¤é¡¢ + ¤³¤ÎÊýË¡¤ÏÆÃ¤Ëµ¡Ì©À¤Î¹â¤¤¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ËÂÐ¤·¤Æ¤ÏÍÑ¤¤¤ë¤Ù¤¤Ç¤Ï + ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ Apache ¤Ç¤Ï¤â¤¦°ì¤ÄÊÌ¤ÎÇ§¾ÚÊýË¡: + AuthType Digest ¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ + ¤³¤ÎÊýË¡¤Ï mod_auth_digest + ¤Ç¼ÂÁõ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢¤â¤Ã¤È°ÂÁ´¤Ç¤¹¡£ + ¤´¤¯¤´¤¯ºÇ¶á¤Î¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤·¤« Digest + Ç§¾Ú¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£

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AuthName + ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Ç§¾Ú¤Ë»È¤¦ Realm (ÌõÃí: ÎÎ°è) + ¤òÀßÄê¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£Realm ¤ÏÂç¤¤¯Ê¬¤±¤ÆÆó¤Ä¤Îµ¡Ç½¤òÄó¶¡¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ + °ì¤ÄÌÜ¤Ï¡¢¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤¬¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥À¥¤¥¢¥í¥°¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Î + °ìÉô¤È¤·¤Æ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤³¤Î¾ðÊó¤ò¤è¤¯Äó¼¨¤¹¤ë¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£ + Æó¤ÄÌÜ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤¬Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤¿Ç§¾ÚÎÎ°è¤ËÂÐ¤·¤Æ¤É¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò + Á÷¿®¤¹¤ì¤ÐÎÉ¤¤¤Î¤«¤ò·èÄê¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦µ¡Ç½¤Ç¤¹¡£

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Îã¤¨¤Ð¡¢"Restricted Files" ÎÎ°èÃæ¤Ç + °ìÅÙÇ§¾Ú¤µ¤ì¤ì¤Ð¡¢Æ±°ì¥µ¡¼¥Ð¾å¤Ç "Restricted Files" + Realm ¤È¤·¤Æ¥Þ¡¼¥¯¤µ¤ì¤¿¤É¤ó¤ÊÎÎ°è¤Ç¤â¡¢¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Ï + ¼«Æ°Åª¤ËÆ±¤¸¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò»È¤ª¤¦¤È»î¤ß¤Þ¤¹¡£ + ¤³¤Î¤ª¤«¤²¤Ç¡¢Ê£¿ô¤ÎÀ©¸ÂÎÎ°è¤ËÆ±¤¸ realm ¤ò¶¦Í¤µ¤»¤Æ¡¢ + ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò²¿ÅÙ¤âÍ×µá¤µ¤ì¤ë»öÂÖ¤ò + ËÉ¤°¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¡¢¥»¥¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¾å¤ÎÍýÍ³¤«¤é¡¢ + ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¥Û¥¹¥ÈÌ¾¤¬ÊÑ¤ï¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤Ä¤Ç¤âÉ¬¤º¡¢ + ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤ÏºÆ¤Ó¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò¿Ò¤Í¤ëÉ¬Í×¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

+ +

AuthUserFile + ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ï htpasswd ¤Çºî¤Ã¤¿ + ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ø¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¤òÀßÄê¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ + ¥æ¡¼¥¶¿ô¤¬Â¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¥ê¥¯¥¨¥¹¥ÈËè¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ÎÇ§¾Ú¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î + ¥×¥ì¡¼¥ó¥Æ¥¥¹¥È¤ÎÃµº÷¤¬Èó¾ï¤ËÃÙ¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ + Apache ¤Ç¤Ï¥æ¡¼¥¶¾ðÊó¤ò¹âÂ®¤Ê¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë + ÊÝ´É¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ + mod_authn_dbm ¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¤¬ + AuthDBMUserFile + ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤òÄó¶¡¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï dbmmanage + ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ÇºîÀ®¤·¤¿¤êÁàºî¤·¤¿¤ê¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ + Apache + ¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹Ãæ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥µ¡¼¥É¥Ñ¡¼¥Æ¥£¡¼À½¤Î + ¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¤Ç¡¢¤½¤ÎÂ¾Â¿¤¯¤Î¥¿¥¤¥×¤ÎÇ§¾Ú¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬ + ÍøÍÑ²ÄÇ½¤Ç¤¹¡£

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ºÇ¸å¤Ë¡¢Require + ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤¬¡¢¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¤³¤ÎÎÎ°è¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤Ç¤¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ò + »ØÄê¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î¾µÇ§ÉôÊ¬¤òÄó¶¡¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ + ¼¡¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Require + ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤ÎÍÍ¡¹¤ÊÍÑË¡¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ½Ò¤Ù¤Þ¤¹¡£

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¤â¤·Ê£¿ô¤Î¿Í¤¬Æþ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ + ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ËÂ°¤¹¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î°ìÍ÷¤ÎÆþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡¢¥°¥ë¡¼¥×Ì¾¤Î¤Ä¤¤¤¿ + ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òºî¤ëÉ¬Í×¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î + ½ñ¼°¤Ï¤¤ï¤á¤ÆÃ±½ã¤Ç¡¢¤ª¹¥¤ß¤Î¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤ÇÀ¸À®¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ + ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÃæ¿È¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£

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+ GroupName: rbowen dpitts sungo rshersey +

+ +

+ +

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+ htpasswd /usr/local/apache/passwd/passwords dpitts +

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+ +

+ AuthType Basic + AuthName "By Invitation Only" + AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache/passwd/passwords + AuthGroupFile /usr/local/apache/passwd/groups + Require group GroupName +

+ +

¤³¤ì¤Ç¡¢¥°¥ë¡¼¥× GroupName ¤Ë¥ê¥¹¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¡¢ + password ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬¤¢¤ë¿Í¤Ï¡¢ + Àµ¤·¤¤¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò¥¿¥¤¥×¤¹¤ì¤ÐÆþ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£

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+ Require valid-user +

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require user rbowen ¹Ô¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¡¢¾åµ¤ò»È¤¦¤È¡¢ + ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¥ê¥¹¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿Í¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤ÐÃ¯¤Ç¤â + µö²Ä¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ + Ã±¤Ë¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¥°¥ë¡¼¥×Ëè¤ËÊ¬¤±¤Æ¤ª¤¯¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢ + ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¿¶¤ëÉñ¤¤¤ò¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ + ¤³¤Î¥¢¥×¥í¡¼¥Á¤ÎÍøÅÀ¤Ï¡¢Apache ¤ÏÆó¤Ä¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢ + ¤¿¤À°ì¤Ä¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤À¤±¤ò¸¡ºº¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤è¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦ÅÀ¤Ç¤¹¡£ + ·çÅÀ¤Ï¡¢¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò´ÉÍý¤·¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ÎÃæ¤«¤é + AuthUserFile + ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤ËÀµ¤·¤¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò»²¾È¤µ¤»¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤ÅÀ¤Ç¤¹¡£

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Allow ¤È + Deny + ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥É¥¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤òÍ×µá¤·¤Æ¤¤¿¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î + ¥Û¥¹¥ÈÌ¾¤ä¥Û¥¹¥È¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤Æµö²ÄÉÔµö²Ä¤òÀ©¸æ¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ + Order + ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ï¤³¤ÎÆó¤Ä¤ÈÏ¢·È¤·¤ÆÆ°ºî¤·¡¢Apache + ¤Ë¤É¤Î½çÈÖ¤Ç¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤òÅ¬ÍÑ¤¹¤ë¤«¤òÃÎ¤é¤»¤Þ¤¹¡£

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+ Allow from address +

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+ Deny from 205.252.46.165 +

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+ Deny from host.example.com +

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+ Deny from 192.101.205 + Deny from cyberthugs.com moreidiots.com + Deny from ke +

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Order ¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢ + Deny ¤È + Allow ¤ÎÁÈ¤ß¹ç¤ï¤»¤Ç + Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤âÎÉ¤¤¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤¬ËÜÅö¤Ë³Î¼Â¤Ë¸ÂÄê¤Ç¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

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+ Order deny,allow + Deny from all + Allow from dev.example.com +

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Allow + ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤òÃ±½ã¤ËÎóµó¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤ÏË¾¤ß¤ÎÆ°ºî¤ò¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£ + ¤Ê¤¼¤Ê¤é¡¢Á´¤Æ¤Î¿Í¤¬Æþ¤ì¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë²Ã¤¨¤Æ¡¢ + »ØÄê¤·¤¿¥Û¥¹¥È¤«¤é¤Î¿Í¤¬Æþ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤«¤é¤Ç¤¹¡£ + ¤ä¤ê¤¿¤¤¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢»ØÄê¤·¤¿¿Í¤¿¤Á¤À¤±¤¬Æþ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë + ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£

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Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/auth.html.ko.euc-kr b/docs/manual/howto/auth.html.ko.euc-kr new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b76e5262 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/auth.html.ko.euc-kr @@ -0,0 +1,323 @@ + + + +ÀÎÁõ(Authentication), ±ÇÇÑºÎ¿©(Authorization), +Á¢±ÙÁ¦¾î(Access Control) - Apache HTTP Server + + + + + +

+Apache > HTTP Server > Documentation > Version 2.2 > How-To / Tutorials

ÀÎÁõ(Authentication), ±ÇÇÑºÎ¿©(Authorization), +Á¢±ÙÁ¦¾î(Access Control)

°¡´ÉÇÑ ¾ð¾î: en | + ja | + ko

ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â ÃÖ½ÅÆÇ ¹ø¿ªÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. + ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ º¯°æµÈ ³»¿ëÀº ¿µ¾î ¹®¼¸¦ Âü°íÇÏ¼¼¿ä.

+ +

ÀÎÁõ(authentication)Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ´©±¸¶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À» + È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â ÀýÂ÷ÀÌ´Ù. ±ÇÇÑºÎ¿©(authorization)´Â °¡°í ½ÍÀº °÷À¸·Î + °¡µµ·Ï È¤Àº ¿øÇÏ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾òµµ·Ï Çã¿ëÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù.

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ÀÌ ±Û¿¡¼ ´Ù·ç´Â Áö½Ã¾î´Â ¼¹öÀÇ ÁÖ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ(ÀÏ¹ÝÀûÀ¸·Î + <Directory> + ¼½¼Ç)ÀÌ³ª µð·ºÅä¸®º° ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ(.htaccess ÆÄÀÏ)¿¡¼ + »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

.htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â + ÀÎÁõ Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏµµ·Ï ¼¹ö¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ¸¦ À§ÇØ + µð·ºÅä¸®º° ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ¾î¶² Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â + AllowOverride Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ + »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

¿©±â¼´Â ÀÎÁõÀ» ´Ù·ç±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº + AllowOverride Áö½Ã¾î°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.

+ +

+ AllowOverride AuthConfig +

+ +

È¤Àº Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ¼¹ö ÁÖ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Àû´Â´Ù¸é, ±× ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ + ¾²±â ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ¹°·Ð ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

±×¸®°í º¸È£ÇÒ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¾îµðÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë±âÀ§ÇØ ¼¹öÀÇ µð·ºÅä¸® + ±¸Á¶¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á¶±Ý ¾Ë¾Æ¾ßÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÏÀº ¾î·ÆÁö¾Ê°í, Àû´çÇÑ + ¶§¿¡ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¼³¸íÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ±â

ÀÌÁ¦ ¼¹öÀÇ µð·ºÅä¸®¸¦ ¾ÏÈ£·Î º¸È£ÇÏ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ» + ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

¸ÕÀú ¾ÏÈ£ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µé¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº À¥¿¡¼ Á¢±ÙÇÒ + ¼ö ¾ø´Â °÷¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥»ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾ÏÈ£ÆÄÀÏÀ» ´Ù¿î·ÎµåÇÏÁö + ¸øÇÏ°ÔÇÏ±â À§ÇØ¼´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¹®¼µéÀÌ + /usr/local/apache/htdocs¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¾ÏÈ£ÆÄÀÏ(µé)Àº + /usr/local/apache/passwd¿¡ µÐ´Ù.

+ +

¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ htpasswd µµ±¸¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© + ¾ÏÈ£ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ °÷ÀÇ + bin µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µé·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú + °°ÀÌ ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

+ htpasswd -c /usr/local/apache/passwd/passwords rbowen +

+ +

htpasswd´Â ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ ¹°¾îº¸°í, È®ÀÎÀ» À§ÇØ + ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¶ó°í ¿äÃ»ÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

+ # htpasswd -c /usr/local/apache/passwd/passwords rbowen + New password: mypassword + Re-type new password: mypassword + Adding password for user rbowen +

+ +

¹°·Ð htpasswdÀÌ ½ÇÇàÆÄÀÏ °æ·Î¿¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é + ½ÇÇàÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÀüÃ¼ °æ·Î¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ³»°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¼¹ö¿¡¼´Â + /usr/local/apache/bin/htpasswd¿¡ ½ÇÇàÆÄÀÏÀÌ + ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ¼¹ö°¡ ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ ¿äÃ»ÇÏµµ·Ï ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í, ¼¹ö¿¡°Ô + ¾î¶² »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ Á¢±ÙÀ» Çã¿ëÇÒÁö ¾Ë·ÁÁà¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. + httpd.conf¸¦ ÆíÁýÇÏ°Å³ª .htaccess + ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, + /usr/local/apache/htdocs/secret µð·ºÅä¸®¸¦ + º¸È£ÇÏ·Á¸é, ¾Æ·¡ Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ + /usr/local/apache/htdocs/secret/.htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀÌ³ª + httpd.confÀÇ <Directory + /usr/local/apache/apache/htdocs/secret> ¼½¼Ç¿¡ Àû¾î¾ß + ÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

+ AuthType Basic + AuthName "Restricted Files" + AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache/passwd/passwords + Require user rbowen +

+ +

Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ ÇÏ³ª¾¿ »ìÆìº¸ÀÚ. AuthType Áö½Ã¾î´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ ÀÎÁõÇÒ + ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù. °¡Àå ÀÏ¹ÝÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀº BasicÀ¸·Î, + mod_auth_basicÀÌ ±¸ÇöÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Basic + ÀÎÁõÀº ºê¶ó¿ìÀú°¡ ¼¹ö·Î ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ ¾ÏÈ£ÈÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í º¸³½´Ù. + ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±â¹Ð ÀÚ·á¸¦ º¸È£ÇÏ±âÀ§ÇØ ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. + ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â AuthType Digest¶ó´Â ÀÎÁõ ¹æ¹ýµµ Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù. + ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº mod_auth_digest°¡ ±¸ÇöÇÏ¸ç, ¸Å¿ì + ¾ÈÀüÇÏ´Ù. °¡Àå ÃÖ±Ù Å¬¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ®µé¸¸ÀÌ Digest ÀÎÁõÀ» Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù°í + ÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

AuthName Áö½Ã¾î´Â + ÀÎÁõ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¿µ¿ª(realm)À» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¿µ¿ªÀº + µÎ°¡Áö ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. Ã¹¹øÂ°´Â Å¬¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ®°¡ º¸Åë ÀÌ Á¤º¸¸¦ + ¾ÏÈ£ ´ëÈÃ¢¿¡ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. µÎ¹øÂ°´Â ¿µ¿ª Á¤º¸¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© + Å¬¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ®°¡ Æ¯Á¤ ÀÎÁõ±¸¿ª¿¡ ¾î¶² ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ º¸³¾Áö °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ÀÏ´Ü Å¬¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ®°¡ "Restricted Files" + ¿µ¿ª¿¡ ÀÎÁõÀÌ ¼º°øÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é, Å¬¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ®´Â ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î °°Àº ¼¹ö¿¡¼ + "Restricted Files" ¿µ¿ªÀ¸·Î Ç¥½ÃµÈ ±¸¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇØ + µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ¿©·¯ Á¦ÇÑ ±¸¿ªÀÌ °°Àº ¿µ¿ªÀ» + °øÀ¯ÇÏ¸é »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¿©·¯¹ø ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æµµ µÈ´Ù. ¹°·Ð + º¸¾È»ó ÀÌÀ¯·Î Å¬¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ®´Â ¼¹öÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀÌ ´Ù¸£¸é Ç×»ó + »õ·Î ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ ¹°¾îº»´Ù.

+ +

AuthUserFile + Áö½Ã¾î´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹æ±Ý htpasswd·Î ¸¸µç ¾ÏÈ£ÆÄÀÏÀÇ + °æ·Î¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¸¹´Ù¸é ¿äÃ»¸¶´Ù ¸Å¹ø »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ + ÀÎÁõÇÏ±âÀ§ÇØ ÀÏ¹Ý ¹®¼ÆÄÀÏÀ» °Ë»öÇÏ´Âµ¥ ½Ã°£ÀÌ »ó´çÈ÷ ¸¹ÀÌ + °É¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ºü¸¥ µ¥ÀÌÅ¸º£ÀÌ½º ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ »ç¿ëÀÚ Á¤º¸¸¦ + ÀúÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. mod_authn_dbm ¸ðµâÀº AuthDBMUserFile Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ + Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. dbmmanage + ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¾ÏÈ£ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µé°í ´Ù·é´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¸ðµâ + µ¥ÀÌÅ¸º£ÀÌ½º¿¡´Â ¿©·¯ ´Ù¸¥ ÀÎÁõ ¹æ½ÄÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â Á¦»ïÀÚ°¡ + ¸¸µç ¸ðµâµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î Require + Áö½Ã¾î´Â ¼¹öÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ ¿µ¿ª¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¿© + ±ÇÇÑºÎ¿©¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ÀýÀº require Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ + »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.

¿©·¯¸íÀ» µé¿©º¸³»±â

À§ÀÇ Áö½Ã¾î´Â µð·ºÅä¸®·Î (»ç¿ëÀÚ¸íÀÌ rbowenÀÎ) + ÇÑ »ç¶÷¸¸À» µé¿©º¸³½´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì ¿©·¯ »ç¶÷À» µé¿©º¸³»°í + ½ÍÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ AuthGroupFileÀ» + »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§´Ù.

+ +

¿©·¯ »ç¶÷À» µé¿©º¸³»°í ½Í´Ù¸é ±×·ì¸í°ú ±× ±×·ì¿¡ ¾î¶² + »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ´Â ±×·ìÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ + Çü½ÄÀº ¸Å¿ì °£´ÜÇÏ¿©, ¾Æ¹« ÆíÁý±â·Î³ª ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÆÄÀÏ³»¿ëÀº + ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

+ +

+ GroupName: rbowen dpitts sungo rshersey +

+ +

±×³É °ø¹éÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÐÇÑ ±ä ±×·ì ±¸¼º¿ø ¸ñ·ÏÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.

+ +

±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¾ÏÈ£ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÏ·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ´Ù

+ +

+ htpasswd /usr/local/apache/passwd/passwords dpitts +

+ +

Àü°ú °°Áö¸¸, »õ·Î ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µéÁö ¾Ê°í ±âÁ¸ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ + Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù. (-c ¿É¼ÇÀº »õ·Î ¾ÏÈ£ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù).

+ +

ÀÌÁ¦ .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀ» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼öÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

+ AuthType Basic + AuthName "By Invitation Only" + AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache/passwd/passwords + AuthGroupFile /usr/local/apache/passwd/groups + Require group GroupName +

+ +

±×·¯¸é GroupName ±×·ì¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ¸ç + password ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Ç×¸ñÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ + ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¸é Á¢±ÙÀ» Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

¿©·¯ ÀÏ¹Ý »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ µé¿©º¸³»´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·ìÆÄÀÏÀ» + ¸¸µé ÇÊ¿ä¾øÀÌ ´ÙÀ½ Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ±â¸¸ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.

+ +

+ Require valid-user +

+ +

Require user rbowen ´ë½Å ÀÌ Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é + ¾ÏÈ£ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´©±¸¶óµµ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ±â¸¸ ÇÏ¸é Á¢±ÙÀ» + Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×·ìº°·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¾ÏÈ£ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±×·ì°ú ºñ½ÁÇÑ + È¿°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡°¡ ÆÄÀÏ µÎ°³(¾ÏÈ£ÆÄÀÏ°ú + ±×·ìÆÄÀÏ)°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ÆÄÀÏ ÇÑ°³(¾ÏÈ£ÆÄÀÏ)¸¸ °Ë»çÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ + ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿©·¯ ¾ÏÈ£ÆÄÀÏÀ» °ü¸®ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ°í, AuthUserFile Áö½Ã¾î¿¡ + Á¤È®ÇÑ ¾ÏÈ£ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ´Ù.

¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹®Á¦Á¡

Basic ÀÎÁõ ¹æ½ÄÀº ¼¹ö¿¡¼ ¹®¼¸¦ ¿äÃ»ÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù »ç¿ëÀÚ¸í°ú + ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î °°Àº ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ »õ·Î °íÄ§ÇÒ ¶§µµ ÆäÀÌÁö¿Í + (±×¸²ÀÌ ¾ÏÈ£·Î º¸È£ÇÏ´Â µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì) ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡ ÀÖ´Â + ¸ðµç ±×¸²¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´Ù½Ã È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. ÁüÀÛÇÏµíÀÌ ¼Óµµ°¡ Á¶±Ý ´À·ÁÁø´Ù. + ¾ÏÈ£ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¿¾î¼ »ç¿ëÀÚ¸íÀ» Ã£À» ¶§±îÁö »ç¿ëÀÚ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» »ìÆìºÁ¾ß + ÇÏ±â¶§¹®¿¡ ¾ÏÈ£ÆÄÀÏ Å©±â°¡ Ä¿Áú ¼ö·Ï ´õ ´À·ÁÁø´Ù. ±×¸®°í + ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ¿äÃ»ÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ÁøÇàÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

±×·¡¼ Çö½ÇÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÑ ¾ÏÈ£ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ¼ö¿¡´Â + ÇÑ°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÑ°è´Â »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¼¹öÀÇ ¼º´É¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£Áö¸¸, + Ç×¸ñÀÌ ¼ö¹é°³°¡ ³Ñ´Â´Ù¸é ´À·ÁÁø´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ´Ù¸¥ ÀÎÁõ ¹æ¹ýÀ» + °í·ÁÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýµµ °¡´ÉÇÑ°¡?

»ç¿ëÀÚ¸í°ú ¾ÏÈ£¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ ÀÎÁõÀÌ ´Ù°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Á¾Á¾ Á¢¼ÓÇÑ + Àå¼Ò¿Í °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Áö°í »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ µé¿©º¸³»°í ½ÍÀ» + ¶§°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

Allow¿Í + Deny Áö½Ã¾î´Â + ¹®¼¸¦ ¿äÃ»ÇÑ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¸í È¤Àº È£½ºÆ® ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °¡Áö°í + Á¢±ÙÀ» Çã¿ëÇÏ°Å³ª °ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù. Order Áö½Ã¾î´Â ÀÌ µÎ + Áö½Ã¾î¿Í °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©, ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¿¡°Ô ¾î¶² ¼ø¼·Î ±ÔÄ¢À» Àû¿ëÇÒÁö + ¾Ë¸°´Ù.

+ +

ÀÌµé Áö½Ã¾î »ç¿ë¹ýÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

+ +

+ Allow from address +

+ +

¿©±â¼ address´Â IP ÁÖ¼Ò(È¤Àº IP ÁÖ¼Ò ÀÏºÎ)³ª + ¿ÏÀüÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í(È¤Àº µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í ÀÏºÎ)ÀÌ´Ù. ¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é ¿©·¯ ÁÖ¼Ò³ª + µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸íÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ´©±º°¡°¡ °Ô½ÃÆÇ¿¡ ±¤°í¸¦ ¿Ã¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú + °°ÀÌ Á¢±ÙÀ» ¸·À» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

+ Deny from 205.252.46.165 +

+ +

±× ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡¼ µé¾î¿À´Â ¹æ¹®ÀÚ´Â ÀÌ Áö½Ã¾î°¡ º¸È£ÇÏ´Â ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ + º¼ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. IP ÁÖ¼Ò ´ë½Å ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¸íÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ + ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

+ Deny from host.example.com +

+ +

¶Ç, ÀüÃ¼ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Á¢±ÙÀ» ¸·À¸·Á¸é ÁÖ¼Ò³ª µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸íÀÇ ÀÏºÎ¸¦ + »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

+ Deny from 192.101.205 + Deny from cyberthugs.com moreidiots.com + Deny from ke +

+ +

Order¸¦ + Deny¿Í Allow Áö½Ã¾î¿Í °°ÀÌ + »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¿øÇÏ´Â ´ë»óÀ» ¸·À» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

+ Order deny,allow + Deny from all + Allow from dev.example.com +

+ +

Allow + Áö½Ã¾î¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é, ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ°í °Å±â¿¡ + Ãß°¡·Î ¸ðµç »ç¶÷À» Çã¿ëÇÏ¹Ç·Î ¿øÇÏ´Â °á°ú¸¦ ¾òÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. + ´ç½ÅÀº Æ¯Á¤ »ç¶÷¸¸ Çã¿ëÇÏ±æ ¿øÇÑ´Ù.

´õ ¸¹Àº Á¤º¸

mod_auth_basic°ú + mod_authz_host ¹®¼¿¡ Á¢±ÙÁ¦¾î°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â + ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´õ ¸¹Àº Á¤º¸°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

°¡´ÉÇÑ ¾ð¾î: en | + ja | + ko

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/cgi.html b/docs/manual/howto/cgi.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8d3dbcba --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/cgi.html @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +URI: cgi.html.en +Content-Language: en +Content-type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 + +URI: cgi.html.ja.euc-jp +Content-Language: ja +Content-type: text/html; charset=EUC-JP + +URI: cgi.html.ko.euc-kr +Content-Language: ko +Content-type: text/html; charset=EUC-KR diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/cgi.html.en b/docs/manual/howto/cgi.html.en new file mode 100644 index 00000000..42893e6c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/cgi.html.en @@ -0,0 +1,555 @@ + + + +Apache Tutorial: Dynamic Content with CGI - Apache HTTP Server + + + + + +

+Apache > HTTP Server > Documentation > Version 2.2 > How-To / Tutorials

Apache Tutorial: Dynamic Content with CGI

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko

Introduction
Configuring Apache to permit CGI
Writing a CGI program
But it's still not working!
What's going on behind the scenes?
CGI modules/libraries
For more information

Introduction

Related Modules	Related Directives
`mod_alias` `mod_cgi`	`AddHandler` `Options` `ScriptAlias`

+ + + + +

The CGI (Common Gateway Interface) defines a way for a web + server to interact with external content-generating programs, + which are often referred to as CGI programs or CGI scripts. It + is the simplest, and most common, way to put dynamic content on + your web site. This document will be an introduction to setting + up CGI on your Apache web server, and getting started writing + CGI programs.

Configuring Apache to permit CGI

+ + +

In order to get your CGI programs to work properly, you'll + need to have Apache configured to permit CGI execution. There + are several ways to do this.

+ +

ScriptAlias

+ + +

The + ScriptAlias + + directive tells Apache that a particular directory is set + aside for CGI programs. Apache will assume that every file in + this directory is a CGI program, and will attempt to execute + it, when that particular resource is requested by a + client.

+ +

The ScriptAlias + directive looks like:

+ +

+ ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/ +

+ +

The example shown is from your default httpd.conf + configuration file, if you installed Apache in the default + location. The ScriptAlias + directive is much like the Alias directive, which defines a URL prefix that + is to mapped to a particular directory. Alias + and ScriptAlias are usually used for + directories that are outside of the DocumentRoot directory. The difference between + Alias and ScriptAlias + is that ScriptAlias has the added meaning + that everything under that URL prefix will be considered a CGI + program. So, the example above tells Apache that any request for a + resource beginning with /cgi-bin/ should be served from + the directory /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/, and should be + treated as a CGI program.

+ +

For example, if the URL + http://www.example.com/cgi-bin/test.pl + is requested, Apache will attempt to execute the file + /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/test.pl + and return the output. Of course, the file will have to + exist, and be executable, and return output in a particular + way, or Apache will return an error message.

+ + +

CGI outside of ScriptAlias directories

+ + +

CGI programs are often restricted to ScriptAlias'ed directories for security reasons. + In this way, administrators can tightly control who is allowed to + use CGI programs. However, if the proper security precautions are + taken, there is no reason why CGI programs cannot be run from + arbitrary directories. For example, you may wish to let users + have web content in their home directories with the + UserDir directive. + If they want to have their own CGI programs, but don't have access to + the main cgi-bin directory, they will need to be able to + run CGI programs elsewhere.

+ +

There are two steps to allowing CGI execution in an arbitrary + directory. First, the cgi-script handler must be + activated using the AddHandler or SetHandler directive. Second, + ExecCGI must be specified in the Options directive.

+ + +

Explicitly using Options to permit CGI execution

+ + +

You could explicitly use the Options directive, inside your main server configuration + file, to specify that CGI execution was permitted in a particular + directory:

+ +

+ <Directory /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/somedir> + + Options +ExecCGI + + </Directory> +

+ +

The above directive tells Apache to permit the execution + of CGI files. You will also need to tell the server what + files are CGI files. The following AddHandler directive tells the server to treat all + files with the cgi or pl extension as CGI + programs:

+ +

+ AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl +

+ + +

.htaccess files

+ + +

The .htaccess tutorial + shows how to activate CGI programs if you do not have + access to httpd.conf.

+ + +

User Directories

+ + +

To allow CGI program execution for any file ending in + .cgi in users' directories, you can use the + following configuration.

+ +

+ <Directory /home/*/public_html> + + Options +ExecCGI + AddHandler cgi-script .cgi + + </Directory> +

+ +

If you wish designate a cgi-bin subdirectory of + a user's directory where everything will be treated as a CGI + program, you can use the following.

+ +

+ <Directory /home/*/public_html/cgi-bin> + + Options ExecCGI + SetHandler cgi-script + + </Directory> +

+ + + +

Writing a CGI program

+ + +

There are two main differences between ``regular'' + programming, and CGI programming.

+ +

First, all output from your CGI program must be preceded by + a MIME-type header. This is HTTP header that tells the client + what sort of content it is receiving. Most of the time, this + will look like:

+ +

+ Content-type: text/html +

+ +

Secondly, your output needs to be in HTML, or some other + format that a browser will be able to display. Most of the + time, this will be HTML, but occasionally you might write a CGI + program that outputs a gif image, or other non-HTML + content.

+ +

Apart from those two things, writing a CGI program will look + a lot like any other program that you might write.

+ +

Your first CGI program

+ + +

The following is an example CGI program that prints one + line to your browser. Type in the following, save it to a + file called first.pl, and put it in your + cgi-bin directory.

+ +

+ #!/usr/bin/perl + print "Content-type: text/html\n\n"; + print "Hello, World."; +

+ +

Even if you are not familiar with Perl, you should be able + to see what is happening here. The first line tells Apache + (or whatever shell you happen to be running under) that this + program can be executed by feeding the file to the + interpreter found at the location /usr/bin/perl. + The second line prints the content-type declaration we + talked about, followed by two carriage-return newline pairs. + This puts a blank line after the header, to indicate the end + of the HTTP headers, and the beginning of the body. The third + line prints the string "Hello, World.". And that's the end + of it.

+ +

If you open your favorite browser and tell it to get the + address

+ +

+ http://www.example.com/cgi-bin/first.pl +

+ +

or wherever you put your file, you will see the one line + Hello, World. appear in your browser window. + It's not very exciting, but once you get that working, you'll + have a good chance of getting just about anything working.

+ +

But it's still not working!

+ + +

There are four basic things that you may see in your browser + when you try to access your CGI program from the web:

+ +

The output of your CGI program: Great! That means everything worked fine. If the output is correct, + but the browser is not processing it correctly, make sure you have the + correct Content-Type set in your CGI program.
The source code of your CGI program or a "POST Method Not + Allowed" message: That means that you have not properly configured Apache + to process your CGI program. Reread the section on + configuring + Apache and try to find what you missed.
A message starting with "Forbidden": That means that there is a permissions problem. Check the + Apache error log and the section below on + file permissions.
A message saying "Internal Server Error": If you check the + Apache error log, you will probably + find that it says "Premature end of + script headers", possibly along with an error message + generated by your CGI program. In this case, you will want to + check each of the below sections to see what might be + preventing your CGI program from emitting the proper HTTP + headers.

+ +

File permissions

+ + +

Remember that the server does not run as you. That is, + when the server starts up, it is running with the permissions + of an unprivileged user - usually nobody, or + www - and so it will need extra permissions to + execute files that are owned by you. Usually, the way to give + a file sufficient permissions to be executed by nobody + is to give everyone execute permission on the file:

+ +

+ chmod a+x first.pl +

+ +

Also, if your program reads from, or writes to, any other + files, those files will need to have the correct permissions + to permit this.

+ + + +

Path information and environment

+ + +

When you run a program from your command line, you have + certain information that is passed to the shell without you + thinking about it. For example, you have a PATH, + which tells the shell where it can look for files that you + reference.

+ +

When a program runs through the web server as a CGI program, + it may not have the same PATH. Any programs that you + invoke in your CGI program (like sendmail, for + example) will need to be specified by a full path, so that the + shell can find them when it attempts to execute your CGI + program.

+ +

A common manifestation of this is the path to the script + interpreter (often perl) indicated in the first + line of your CGI program, which will look something like:

+ +

+ #!/usr/bin/perl +

+ +

Make sure that this is in fact the path to the + interpreter.

+ +

In addition, if your CGI program depends on other environment variables, you will need to + assure that those variables are passed by Apache.

+ + + +

Program errors

+ + +

Most of the time when a CGI program fails, it's because of + a problem with the program itself. This is particularly true + once you get the hang of this CGI stuff, and no longer make + the above two mistakes. The first thing to do is to make + sure that your program runs from the command line before + testing it via the web server. For example, try:

+ +

+ cd /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin + ./first.pl +

+ +

(Do not call the perl interpreter. The shell + and Apache should find the interpreter using the path information on the first line of + the script.)

+ +

The first thing you see written by your program should be + a set of HTTP headers, including the Content-Type, + followed by a blank line. If you see anything else, Apache will + return the Premature end of script headers error if + you try to run it through the server. See Writing a CGI program above for more + details.

+ + +

Error logs

+ + +

The error logs are your friend. Anything that goes wrong + generates message in the error log. You should always look + there first. If the place where you are hosting your web site + does not permit you access to the error log, you should + probably host your site somewhere else. Learn to read the + error logs, and you'll find that almost all of your problems + are quickly identified, and quickly solved.

+ + +

Suexec

+ + +

The suexec support program + allows CGI programs to be run under different user permissions, + depending on which virtual host or user home directory they are + located in. Suexec has very strict permission checking, and any + failure in that checking will result in your CGI programs + failing with Premature end of script headers.

+ +

To check if you are using suexec, run apachectl + -V and check for the location of SUEXEC_BIN. + If Apache finds an suexec binary there on startup, + suexec will be activated.

+ +

Unless you fully understand suexec, you should not be using it. + To disable suexec, simply remove (or rename) the suexec + binary pointed to by SUEXEC_BIN and then restart the + server. If, after reading about suexec, + you still wish to use it, then run suexec -V to find + the location of the suexec log file, and use that log file to + find what policy you are violating.

+ +

What's going on behind the scenes?

+ + +

As you become more advanced in CGI programming, it will + become useful to understand more about what's happening behind + the scenes. Specifically, how the browser and server + communicate with one another. Because although it's all very + well to write a program that prints "Hello, World.", it's not + particularly useful.

+ +

Environment variables

+ + +

Environment variables are values that float around you as + you use your computer. They are useful things like your path + (where the computer searches for the actual file + implementing a command when you type it), your username, your + terminal type, and so on. For a full list of your normal, + every day environment variables, type + env at a command prompt.

+ +

During the CGI transaction, the server and the browser + also set environment variables, so that they can communicate + with one another. These are things like the browser type + (Netscape, IE, Lynx), the server type (Apache, IIS, WebSite), + the name of the CGI program that is being run, and so on.

+ +

These variables are available to the CGI programmer, and + are half of the story of the client-server communication. The + complete list of required variables is at + http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/env.html.

+ +

This simple Perl CGI program will display all of the + environment variables that are being passed around. Two + similar programs are included in the + cgi-bin + + directory of the Apache distribution. Note that some + variables are required, while others are optional, so you may + see some variables listed that were not in the official list. + In addition, Apache provides many different ways for you to + add your own environment variables + to the basic ones provided by default.

+ +

+ #!/usr/bin/perl + print "Content-type: text/html\n\n"; + foreach $key (keys %ENV) { + + print "$key --> $ENV{$key}<br>"; + + } +

+ + +

STDIN and STDOUT

+ + +

Other communication between the server and the client + happens over standard input (STDIN) and standard + output (STDOUT). In normal everyday context, + STDIN means the keyboard, or a file that a + program is given to act on, and STDOUT + usually means the console or screen.

+ +

When you POST a web form to a CGI program, + the data in that form is bundled up into a special format + and gets delivered to your CGI program over STDIN. + The program then can process that data as though it was + coming in from the keyboard, or from a file

+ +

The "special format" is very simple. A field name and + its value are joined together with an equals (=) sign, and + pairs of values are joined together with an ampersand + (&). Inconvenient characters like spaces, ampersands, and + equals signs, are converted into their hex equivalent so that + they don't gum up the works. The whole data string might look + something like:

+ +

+ name=Rich%20Bowen&city=Lexington&state=KY&sidekick=Squirrel%20Monkey +

+ +

You'll sometimes also see this type of string appended to + a URL. When that is done, the server puts that string + into the environment variable called + QUERY_STRING. That's called a GET + request. Your HTML form specifies whether a GET + or a POST is used to deliver the data, by setting the + METHOD attribute in the FORM tag.

+ +

Your program is then responsible for splitting that string + up into useful information. Fortunately, there are libraries + and modules available to help you process this data, as well + as handle other of the aspects of your CGI program.

+ +

CGI modules/libraries

+ + +

When you write CGI programs, you should consider using a + code library, or module, to do most of the grunt work for you. + This leads to fewer errors, and faster development.

+ +

If you're writing CGI programs in Perl, modules are + available on CPAN. The most + popular module for this purpose is CGI.pm. You might + also consider CGI::Lite, which implements a minimal + set of functionality, which is all you need in most programs.

+ +

If you're writing CGI programs in C, there are a variety of + options. One of these is the CGIC library, from + http://www.boutell.com/cgic/.

For more information

+ + +

There are a large number of CGI resources on the web. You + can discuss CGI problems with other users on the Usenet group + comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi. And the -servers mailing + list from the HTML Writers Guild is a great source of answers + to your questions. You can find out more at + http://www.hwg.org/lists/hwg-servers/.

+ +

And, of course, you should probably read the CGI + specification, which has all the details on the operation of + CGI programs. You can find the original version at the + NCSA and there is an updated draft at the + Common Gateway + Interface RFC project.

+ +

When you post a question about a CGI problem that you're + having, whether to a mailing list, or to a newsgroup, make sure + you provide enough information about what happened, what you + expected to happen, and how what actually happened was + different, what server you're running, what language your CGI + program was in, and, if possible, the offending code. This will + make finding your problem much simpler.

+ +

Note that questions about CGI problems should never + be posted to the Apache bug database unless you are sure you + have found a problem in the Apache source code.

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/cgi.html.ja.euc-jp b/docs/manual/howto/cgi.html.ja.euc-jp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6740c653 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/cgi.html.ja.euc-jp @@ -0,0 +1,549 @@ + + + +Apache Tutorial: CGI ¤Ë¤è¤ëÆ°Åª¥³¥ó¥Æ¥ó¥Ä - Apache HTTP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð + + + + + +

+Apache > HTTP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð > ¥É¥¥å¥á¥ó¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó > ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 2.2 > How-To / ¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë

Apache Tutorial: CGI ¤Ë¤è¤ëÆ°Åª¥³¥ó¥Æ¥ó¥Ä

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko

This translation may be out of date. Check the + English version for recent changes.

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+ + + + +

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+ + +

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+ +

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+ + +

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+ +

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+ + +

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+ + +

+ +

+ +

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+ +

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+ +

¤½¤·¤Æ¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¡¢¤ª¤½¤é¤¯ CGI + ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ÎÆ°ºî¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¾ÜºÙ¤ÎÁ´¤Æ¤¬µ½Ò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë + CGI ¤Î»ÅÍÍ¤òÆÉ¤à¤Ù¤¤Ç¤¹¡£¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ò + NCSA + ¤Ç¡¢¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤¿¥É¥é¥Õ¥È¤ò + Common Gateway Interface RFC + ¥×¥í¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤Ç»²¾È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

+ +

CGI ¤ÎÌäÂê¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¢²Ã¤ï¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥á¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥ê¥¹¥È¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥Ë¥å¡¼¥¹ + ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë¼ÁÌä¤òÁ÷¤ë¤È¤¡¢µ¯¤³¤Ã¤¿¤â¤Î¡¢µ¯¤³¤Ã¤Æ¤Û¤·¤¤¤³¤È¡¢ + ¼ÂºÝ¤Ëµ¯¤³¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤¬¤É¤¦°ã¤¦¤«¡¢»ÈÍÑ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¡¢ + CGI ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤òµ½Ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¸À¸ì¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë½½Ê¬¤Ê¾ðÊó¤È¡¢ + ²ÄÇ½¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤ÐÌäÂê¤Î¥³¡¼¥É¤òÄó¶¡¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ + ¤½¤¦¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢ÌäÂê¤¬¤è¤ê´ÖÃ±¤Ë¸«¤Ä¤«¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

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Apache ¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤ÆÌäÂê¤òÈ¯¸«¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤ò³Î¿®¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¸Â¤ê¡¢ + CGI ¤ÎÌäÂê¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¼ÁÌä¤ò Apache + ¥Ð¥°¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ËÁ÷¤ë¤Ù¤¤Ç¤Ê¤¤ + ¤³¤È¤ËÃíÌÜ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/cgi.html.ko.euc-kr b/docs/manual/howto/cgi.html.ko.euc-kr new file mode 100644 index 00000000..da8c9bad --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/cgi.html.ko.euc-kr @@ -0,0 +1,503 @@ + + + +¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ÅõÅä¸®¾ó: CGI¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ µ¿Àû ÆäÀÌÁö »ý¼º - Apache HTTP Server + + + + + +

+Apache > HTTP Server > Documentation > Version 2.2 > How-To / Tutorials

¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ÅõÅä¸®¾ó: CGI¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ µ¿Àû ÆäÀÌÁö »ý¼º

°¡´ÉÇÑ ¾ð¾î: en | + ja | + ko

ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â ÃÖ½ÅÆÇ ¹ø¿ªÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. + ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ º¯°æµÈ ³»¿ëÀº ¿µ¾î ¹®¼¸¦ Âü°íÇÏ¼¼¿ä.

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`mod_alias` `mod_cgi`	`AddHandler` `Options` `ScriptAlias`

+ + + + +

CGI (Common Gateway Interface)´Â À¥¼¹ö°¡ º¸Åë CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ + È¤Àº CGI ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â, (À¥ÆäÀÌÁö ³»¿ëÀ» ¸¸µå´Â) ¿ÜºÎ + ÇÁ·Î±×·¥°ú Åë½ÅÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. À¥»çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼ µ¿ÀûÀÎ + ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â °¡Àå ÈçÇÏ°í °£´ÜÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ + À¥¼¹ö¿¡ CGI¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÏ°í, CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» + ÀÛ¼ºÇØº»´Ù.

CGI¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏµµ·Ï ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ±â

+ + +

CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ¿Ã¹Ù·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏ·Á¸é CGI ½ÇÇàÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏµµ·Ï + ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ¿©·¯°¡Áö´Ù.

+ +

ScriptAlias

+ + +

ScriptAlias + Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â Æ¯Á¤ µð·ºÅä¸®¸¦ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿ëÀ¸·Î + µÐ´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ÀÌ µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ÆÄÀÏÀÌ CGI + ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ¶ó°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ¿© Å¬¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ®°¡ ÀÚ¿øÀ» ¿äÃ»ÇÏ¸é ÀÚ¿øÀ» + ½ÇÇàÇÏ·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

ScriptAlias + Áö½Ã¾î´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

+ ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/ +

+ +

À§ ¿¹Á¦´Â ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦ ±âº» Àå¼Ò¿¡ ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ °æ¿ì + httpd.conf ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. ScriptAlias Áö½Ã¾î´Â Alias Áö½Ã¾î¿Í °°ÀÌ URL + ¾ÕºÎºÐÀ» Æ¯Á¤ µð·ºÅä¸®·Î ´ëÀÀÇÑ´Ù. + Alias¿Í + ScriptAlias´Â º¸Åë DocumentRoot µð·ºÅä¸® ¹Û¿¡ ÀÖ´Â + µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. Alias¿Í + ScriptAliasÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡Àº + ScriptAlias°¡ Ãß°¡·Î URL ¾ÕºÎºÐÀ¸·Î + ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ÆÄÀÏÀ» CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î Ãë±ÞÇÏ´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. + ±×·¡¼ À§ÀÇ ¼³Á¤Àº ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¿¡°Ô /cgi-bin/À¸·Î + ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿øÀ» ¿äÃ»ÇÏ¸é + /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/ µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡¼ + Ã£¾Æ¼ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î Ã³¸®ÇÏ¶ó°í ¾Ë¸°´Ù.

+ +

¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, URL + http://www.example.com/cgi-bin/test.plÀ» + ¿äÃ»ÇÏ¸é ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â + /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/test.pl ÆÄÀÏÀ» + ½ÇÇàÇÏ¿© °á°ú¸¦ ¹ÝÈ¯ÇÑ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í ½ÇÇà°¡´ÉÇÏ¸ç + ¾î¶² ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Îµç Ãâ·ÂÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â + ¿À·ù¹®À» º¸³½´Ù.

+ + +

ScriptAlias µð·ºÅä¸® ¹Û¿¡ ÀÖ´Â CGI

+ + +

º¸Åë º¸¾È»ó ÀÌÀ¯¶§¹®¿¡ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ScriptAliasÇÑ µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ + ÇÑÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ °ü¸®ÀÚ´Â ´©°¡ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö + ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾ö°ÝÈ÷ °¨µ¶ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Àû´çÇÑ º¸¾ÈÁ¶Ä¡¸¦ + ÃëÇß´Ù¸é ¾Æ¹« µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡¼³ª CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» + ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, UserDir Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© + »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ È¨µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ À¥ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ °¡Áö´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ + °¡Á¤ÇÏÀÚ. »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½ÍÀºµ¥ + cgi-bin µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ Á¢±Ù±ÇÇÑÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é, ´Ù¸¥ + °÷¿¡¼¶óµµ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇÏ°í ½ÍÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

+ +

¾Æ¹« µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡¼³ª CGI ½ÇÇàÀ» Çã¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é µÎ °úÁ¤ÀÌ + ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¸ÕÀú, AddHandler³ª SetHandler Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© + cgi-script ÇÚµé·¯¸¦ ÀÛµ¿ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µÎ¹øÂ°·Î, + Options Áö½Ã¾î¿¡ + ExecCGI¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

+ + +

Options¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¸í½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î CGI ½ÇÇàÀ» Çã¿ëÇÏ±â

+ + +

¼¹öÀÇ ÁÖ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Á÷Á¢ Options Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Æ¯Á¤ + µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡¼ CGI ½ÇÇàÀ» Çã¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

+ <Directory /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/somedir> + + Options +ExecCGI + + </Directory> +

+ +

À§ Áö½Ã¾î·Î ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â CGI ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀ» Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² + ÆÄÀÏÀÌ CGI ÆÄÀÏÀÎÁöµµ ¼¹ö¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ AddHandler Áö½Ã¾î´Â ¼¹ö¿¡°Ô + È®ÀåÀÚ°¡ cgi³ª plÀÎ ÆÄÀÏÀº ¸ðµÎ + CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ¶ó°í ¾Ë¸°´Ù.

+ +

+ AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl +

+ + +

.htaccess ÆÄÀÏ

+ + +

.htaccess ÅõÅä¸®¾óÀº + httpd.conf¿¡ Á¢±Ù±ÇÇÑÀÌ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» + »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù.

+ + +

»ç¿ëÀÚ µð·ºÅä¸®

+ + +

¾Æ·¡ ¼³Á¤À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é »ç¿ëÀÚ µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡¼ .cgi·Î + ³¡³ª´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

+ <Directory /home/*/public_html> + + Options +ExecCGI + AddHandler cgi-script .cgi + + </Directory> +

+ +

´ÙÀ½À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é »ç¿ëÀÚ µð·ºÅä¸®ÀÇ cgi-bin + ÇÏÀ§µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ÆÄÀÏÀ» CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î ÀÎ½ÄÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

+ <Directory /home/*/public_html/cgi-bin> + + Options ExecCGI + SetHandler cgi-script + + </Directory> +

+ + + +

CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ±â

+ + +

``ÀÏ¹ÝÀûÀÎ'' ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö°ú CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö »çÀÌ¿¡´Â µÎ°¡Áö + ÁÖµÈ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

Ã¹¹øÂ° Â÷ÀÌ´Â CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ´Ù¸¥ Ãâ·ÂÀ» ÇÏ±âÀü¿¡ ¸ÕÀú + MIME-type Çì´õ¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. HTTP Çì´õ´Â + Å¬¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ®¿¡°Ô Å¬¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ®°¡ ¾î¶² ³»¿ëÀ» ¹Þ°ÔµÉÁö ¹Ì¸® ¾Ë¸°´Ù. + º¸Åë ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

+ +

+ Content-type: text/html +

+ +

µÎ¹øÂ° Â÷ÀÌ´Â HTML È¤Àº ºê¶ó¿ìÀú°¡ º¸¿©ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î + Ãâ·ÂÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì HTMLÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÏÁö¸¸, + ¶§¶§·Î gif ±×¸²°ú °°ÀÌ HTMLÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ³»¿ëÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÏ´Â CGI + ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

µÎ°¡Áö¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í´Â CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ÀÛ¼ºÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ¸¸µé¾î º¸¾ÒÀ» + ´Ù¸¥ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µé°ú ¸Å¿ì ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù.

+ +

Ã³À½À¸·Î ¸¸µç CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥

+ + +

´ÙÀ½Àº ºê¶ó¿ìÀú¿¡ ÇÑ ÁÙÀ» Âï´Â CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ¿¹Á¦´Ù. + ±×´ë·Î first.plÀÌ¶ó´Â ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ°í, + cgi-bin µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ º¹»çÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

+ #!/usr/bin/perl + print "Content-type: text/html\n\n"; + print "Hello, World."; +

+ +

Perl¿¡ ÀÍ¼÷ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÌ ÀÏ¾î³ª´ÂÁö ¾Ë ¼ö + ÀÖ´Ù. Ã¹¹øÂ° ÁÙÀº ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡(È¤Àº »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ½©)¿¡°Ô + /usr/bin/perl À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÎÅÍÇÁ¸®ÅÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© + ÀÌ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÏ¶ó°í ¾Ë¸°´Ù. µÎ¹øÂ° ÁÙÀº ¹æ±Ý + ¸»ÇÑ content-type ¼±¾ðÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÏ°í carriage-return ÁÙ¹Ù²ÞÀ» + µÎ¹ø Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é Çì´õ µÚ¿¡ HTTP Çì´õÀÇ ³¡À» ¶æÇÏ´Â + ºóÁÙÀÌ »ý±â°í, º»¹®ÀÌ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ¼¼¹øÂ° ÁÙÀº "Hello, World." + ¹®ÀÚ¿À» Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀ¸·Î ³¡ÀÌ´Ù.

+ +

ºê¶ó¿ìÀú¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ°í ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ´Ù

+ +

+ http://www.example.com/cgi-bin/first.pl +

+ +

ÆÄÀÏ Àå¼Ò¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¸é, ºê¶ó¿ìÀúÃ¢¿¡ Hello, World. + ÇÑ ÁÙÀÌ º¸ÀÎ´Ù. ÈïºÐµÇÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸, ÇÑ¹ø µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» + º¸¾ÒÀ¸´Ï ÀÌÁ¦ ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ» ½ÃµµÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

±×·¯³ª ¾ÆÁ÷ µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¿ä!

+ + +

À¥¿¡¼ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÒ¶§ ºê¶ó¿ìÀú¿¡ ³ª¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Â + ³»¿ëÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ³×°¡Áö´Ù.

+ +

CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ Ãâ·Â: ÁÁ´Ù! ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ Àß µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. Ãâ·ÂÀº Á¤È®ÇÏÁö¸¸ + ºê¶ó¿ìÀú°¡ ¿Ã¹Ù·Î Ã³¸®ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é, CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡¼ + ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ Content-TypeÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.
CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ¼Ò½ºÄÚµå È¤Àº "POST Method Not Allowed" + ¹®±¸: CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇÏµµ·Ï ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦ ÀûÀýÈ÷ ¼³Á¤ÇÏÁö + ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ±â + ÀýÀ» ´Ù½Ã ÀÐ°í »©¸ÔÀº ºÎºÐÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö Ã£¾ÆºÁ¶ó.
"Forbidden"À¸·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¹®±¸: ±ÇÇÑ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ + ¿À·ù ·Î±×¿Í ¾Æ·¡ ÆÄÀÏ±ÇÇÑ + ÀýÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¶ó.
"Internal Server Error"¶ó´Â ¹®±¸: ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¿À·ù ·Î±×¸¦ º¸¸é ¾Æ¸¶µµ + CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ ¿À·ù¹®°ú ÇÔ²² "Premature end of + script headers"°¡ º¸ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì ¾Æ·¡ ³»¿ëµéÀ» ÇÏ³ª¾¿ + È®ÀÎÇÏ¿© ¾î¶² ÀÌÀ¯·Î CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÑ HTTP Çì´õ¸¦ + Ãâ·ÂÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æº»´Ù.

+ +

ÆÄÀÏ±ÇÇÑ

+ + +

¼¹ö´Â ´ç½Å°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °èÁ¤À¸·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ¸í½ÉÇÏ¶ó. + Áï, ¼¹ö°¡ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¸é ¼¹ö´Â ºñÆ¯±Ç »ç¿ëÀÚ ±ÇÇÑ(º¸Åë + nobody³ª www)À¸·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù. + ±×·¡¼ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÏ·Á¸é ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. + ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ nobody°¡ ½ÇÇàÇÏ±â¿¡ ÃæºÐÇÑ ±ÇÇÑÀ» + ÁÖ±âÀ§ÇØ º¸Åë ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ½ÇÇà ±ÇÇÑÀ» ÁØ´Ù.

+ +

+ chmod a+x first.pl +

+ +

¶Ç, ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀÐ°Å³ª ¾´´Ù¸é ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡µµ + ÀûÀýÇÑ ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.

+ + + +

°æ·Î Á¤º¸¿Í È¯°æ

+ + +

¸í·ÉÇà¿¡¼ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇÏ¸é ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ¾î¶² Á¤º¸°¡ + ½©·Î Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, PATH´Â ½©¿¡°Ô ´ç½ÅÀÌ + ¸»ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ» Ã£À» Àå¼Ò¸¦ ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù.

+ +

À¥¼¹ö°¡ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î ½ÇÇàÇÒ¶§´Â + PATH°¡ ´Ù¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, + sendmail °°ÀÌ) CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ¾È¿¡¼ ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â + ¸í·É¾î´Â ¿ÏÀüÇÑ °æ·Î·Î ¸í½ÃÇØ¾ß ½©ÀÌ ¸í·É¾î¸¦ Ã£À» ¼ö + ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

°æ·Î ¹®Á¦´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ Ã¹¹øÂ° ÁÙ¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â + ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ÀÎÅÍÇÁ¸®ÅÍ (º¸Åë perl) °æ·Î¿¡¼ + ÀÚÁÖ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

+ #!/usr/bin/perl +

+ +

½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀÎÅÍÇÁ¸®ÅÍÀÇ °æ·ÎÀÎÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

¶Ç, CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ È¯°æº¯¼ö¸¦ + »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡°¡ ÀÌ º¯¼öµéÀ» ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡°Ô Àü´ÞÇØ¾ß + ÇÑ´Ù.

+ + + +

ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ¿À·ù

+ + +

CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì ´ëºÎºÐ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ÀÚÃ¼ + ¹®Á¦¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Æ¯È÷ À§ÀÇ µÎ°¡Áö ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í ÀÌ ±ÛÀ» + °è¼Ó º¸°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é ´õ´õ¿í ±×·¸´Ù. ¸ÕÀú À¥¼¹ö¿¡¼ ½ÇÇàÇÏ±â + Àü¿¡ ¸í·ÉÇà¿¡¼ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇØº»´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ´ÙÀ½°ú + °°ÀÌ ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

+ cd /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin + ./first.pl +

+ +

(perl ÀÎÅÍÇÁ¸®ÅÍ¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏÁö ¸¶¶ó. ½©°ú + ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® Ã¹¹øÂ° ÁÙ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ·Î Á¤º¸¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀÎÅÍÇÁ¸®ÅÍ¸¦ + Ã£¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.)

+ +

ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº Á¦ÀÏ ¸ÕÀú Content-TypeÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ + HTTP Çì´õµéÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÏ°í ºó ÁÙÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ» + Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù¸é À¥¼¹ö¿¡¼ ½ÇÇàÇÒ °æ¿ì ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â Premature + end of script headers¸¦ ¹ÝÈ¯ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº + À§ÀÇ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ±â¸¦ Âü°íÇÏ¶ó.

+ + +

¿À·ù ·Î±×

+ + +

¿À·ù ·Î±×´Â ´ç½Å ÆíÀÌ´Ù. ¹«¾ð°¡ Àß¸øµÇ¸é ¿À·ù ·Î±×¿¡ + ¹®±¸°¡ »ý±ä´Ù. ¿À·ù ·Î±×¸¦ Á¦ÀÏ ¸ÕÀú »ìÆìºÁ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. À¥»çÀÌÆ®¸¦ + È£½ºÆÃÇÏ´Â °÷¿¡¼ ¿À·ù ·Î±×¸¦ º¸Áö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¾Æ¸¶µµ + ´Ù¸¥ ¾÷Ã¼¸¦ ¾Ë¾ÆºÁ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿À·ù ·Î±×¸¦ º¸´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ÀÍÈ÷¸é, + ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ »¡¸® ÆÄ¾ÇÇÏ¿© ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

+ + +

Suexec

+ + +

suexec Áö¿ø ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» + »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¾î¶² °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ® È¤Àº ¾î¶² »ç¿ëÀÚ µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ + µû¶ó CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¿ëÀÚ ±ÇÇÑÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. + Suexec´Â ¸Å¿ì ¾ö°ÝÇÏ°Ô ±ÇÇÑÀ» °Ë»çÇÏ¸ç, °Ë»ç¸¦ ÇÏ³ª¶óµµ + Åë°úÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¸é CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Premature + end of script headers¸¦ ¹ÝÈ¯ÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

suexec¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë·Á¸é apachectl -V¸¦ + ½ÇÇàÇÏ¿© SUEXEC_BIN À§Ä¡¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡°¡ + ½ÃÀÛÇÒ¶§ ±× Àå¼Ò¿¡¼ suexec ½ÇÇàÆÄÀÏÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¸é, suexec¸¦ + »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

suexec¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù¸é »ç¿ëÇØ¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. + suexec¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á¸é SUEXEC_BIN À§Ä¡¿¡ + ÀÖ´Â suexec ½ÇÇàÆÄÀÏÀ» Áö¿ì°í (È¤Àº ÆÄÀÏ¸íÀ» + ¹Ù²Ù°í) ¼¹ö¸¦ Àç½ÃÀÛÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. suexec¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÐÀº ´ÙÀ½ ±×·¡µµ + »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é, suexec -V¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¿© suexec + ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ À§Ä¡¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ³»°í ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾î¶² ±ÔÄ¢À» + ¾î±â°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö Ã£´Â´Ù.

+ +

µÚ¿¡¼´Â ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÌ ¹ú¾îÁö´Â°¡?

+ + +

CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö¿¡ ÀÍ¼÷ÇØÁú¼ö·Ï µÚ¿¡¼ ¹ú¾îÁö´Â ÀÏÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ¸é + µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ºê¶ó¿ìÀú¿Í ¼¹ö°¡ ¼·Î Åë½ÅÇÏ´Â + ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ô¶óµµ "Hello, World."¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÏ´Â + ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÀÛ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·± ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº º°·Î ¾µ¸ð°¡ + ¾ø±â¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

+ +

È¯°æº¯¼ö

+ + +

È¯°æº¯¼ö´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ´ç½Å ÁÖÀ§¸¦ + ¶°´Ù´Ï´Â °ªÀÌ´Ù. È¯°æº¯¼ö´Â path (ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ + ¸í·É¾î¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ½ÇÁ¦ ÆÄÀÏÀ» Ã£´Â Àå¼Ò), »ç¿ëÀÚ¸í, ÅÍ¹Ì³Î + Á¾·ù¿Í °°ÀÌ À¯¿ëÇÑ Á¤º¸´Ù. ÀÏ¹ÝÀûÀÎ È¯°æº¯¼ö¸¦ ¸ðµÎ º¸·Á¸é + ¸í·ÉÇà ÇÁ·ÒÇÁÆ®¿¡¼ env¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

CGI¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÒ¶§µµ ¼¹ö¿Í ºê¶ó¿ìÀú´Â °¢ÀÚÀÇ È¯°æº¯¼ö¸¦ + ¼·Î ±³È¯ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ Á¤º¸¿¡´Â ºê¶ó¿ìÀú Á¾·ù (Netscape, IE, + Lynx), ¼¹ö Á¾·ù (¾ÆÆÄÄ¡, IIS, WebSite), ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â CGI + ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¸í µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¸Ó´Â ÀÌ·± º¯¼öµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, + È¯°æº¯¼ö´Â Å¬¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ®-¼¹ö Åë½Å¿¡´Â ÀÏºÎºÐÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù. + ÀüÃ¼ ÇÊ¼ö º¯¼ö ¸ñ·ÏÀº http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/env.html¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

¾Æ·¡ °£´ÜÇÑ Perl CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ÀÚ½Å¿¡°Ô Àü´ÞµÈ ¸ðµç + È¯°æº¯¼ö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¹èÆ÷º»ÀÇ cgi-bin + µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ ÀÌ¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ µÎ°³ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸î¸î º¯¼ö´Â + ÇÊ¼öÀÌ°í ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ¼±ÅÃÀûÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ °ø½Ä ¸ñ·Ï¿¡ ¾ø´Â + º¯¼öµµ º¸ÀÎ´Ù. ¶Ç, ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦°øÇÏ´Â È¯°æº¯¼ö + ¿Ü¿¡ ¿©·¯°¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Á÷Á¢ È¯°æº¯¼ö¸¦ + Ãß°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

+ #!/usr/bin/perl + print "Content-type: text/html\n\n"; + foreach $key (keys %ENV) { + + print "$key --> $ENV{$key}<br>"; + + } +

+ + +

STDIN°ú STDOUT

+ + +

¶Ç, ¼¹ö¿Í Å¬¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ®´Â Ç¥ÁØÀÔ·Â(STDIN)°ú + Ç¥ÁØÃâ·Â(STDOUT)À¸·Î Åë½ÅÇÑ´Ù. ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì + STDINÀº Å°º¸µå³ª ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ Ã³¸®ÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» + ³ªÅ¸³»°í, STDOUTÀº º¸Åë ÄÜ¼ÖÀÌ³ª È¸éÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡°Ô À¥ ¾ç½Ä(form)À» POSTÇÏ¸é + ¾ç½Ä¿¡ ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ ÀÚ·á¸¦ Æ¯º°ÇÑ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ¹¾î¼ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ + STDINÀ¸·Î Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº Å°º¸µå³ª + ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ ¾òÀº ÀÚ·á¸¦ Ã³¸®ÇÏµíÀÌ ÀÚ·á¸¦ Ã³¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

"Æ¯º°ÇÑ Çü½Ä"Àº ¸Å¿ì °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. Ç×¸ñ ÀÌ¸§°ú °ªÀ» µîÈ£(=)·Î + ¿¬°áÇÏ°í, Ç×¸ñ ÀÌ¸§°ú °ªÀÇ ½ÖµéÀ» ¼·Î ¾ØÆÛ»÷µå(&)·Î + ¿¬°áÇÑ´Ù. °ø¹é, ¾ÚÆÛ»÷µå, µîÈ£ °°Àº ºÎÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î ¹®ÀÚ´Â + È¥µ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï 16Áø¼ö·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÀÚ·á ¹®ÀÚ¿Àº + ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ »ý°å´Ù.

+ +

+ name=Rich%20Bowen&city=Lexington&state=KY&sidekick=Squirrel%20Monkey +

+ +

Á¾Á¾ URL µÚ¿¡¼ ÀÌ·± ¹®ÀÚ¿À» º¸°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì ¼¹ö´Â + ¹®ÀÚ¿À» QUERY_STRINGÀÌ¶ó´Â È¯°æº¯¼ö¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù. + ÀÌ¸¦ GET ¿äÃ»ÀÌ¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. FORM + ÅÂ±×ÀÇ METHOD ¼Ó¼ºÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¿© HTML ¾ç½Ä(form)ÀÌ + ÀÚ·á¸¦ GETÇÒÁö POSTÇÒÁö °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

ÀÌÁ¦ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ÀÌ·± ¹®ÀÚ¿À» À¯¿ëÇÑ Á¤º¸·Î ÂÉ°³¾ß + ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÇàÈ÷µµ ÀÌ·± ÀÚ·á Ã³¸®¸¦ µ½°í CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ + ¿©·¯ ¸éÀ» »ìÇÇ´Â ¶óÀÌºê·¯¸®¿Í ¸ðµâµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

CGI ¸ðµâ/¶óÀÌºê·¯¸®

+ + +

CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÀÛ¼ºÇÒ¶§ Áö·çÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷À» ´ë½ÅÇØÁÖ´Â ÄÚµå + ¶óÀÌºê·¯¸® È¤Àº ¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒÁö °í·ÁÇØºÁ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °ÍÀ» + »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¹ö±×°¡ ÁÙ°í ´õ »¡¸® ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» °³¹ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

Perl·Î CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù¸é CPAN¿¡¼ °ü·Ã ¸ðµâµéÀ» Ã£À» + ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. CGI °³¹ß¿¡ °¡Àå ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¸ðµâÀº + CGI.pmÀÌ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡ ÃæºÐÇÑ ÃÖ¼Ò + ±â´ÉÀ» ±¸ÇöÇÑ CGI::Liteµµ °í·ÁÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

C·Î CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù¸é ¼±ÅÃÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¸¹´Ù. ÀÌÁß + ÇÏ³ª°¡ http://www.boutell.com/cgic/¿¡ + ÀÖ´Â CGIC ¶óÀÌºê·¯¸®´Ù.

´õ ¸¹Àº Á¤º¸...

+ + +

À¥¿¡ ¸Å¿ì ¸¹Àº CGI Á¤º¸°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ´º½º±×·ì comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi¿¡¼ ¿©·¯ »ç¶÷µé°ú + CGI ¹®Á¦¸¦ ³íÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. HTML Writers GuildÀÇ -servers + ¸ÞÀÏ¸µ¸®½ºÆ®´Â Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äÀ» Ã£±â¿¡ ÈÇ¸¢ÇÑ Àå¼Ò´Ù. http://www.hwg.org/lists/hwg-servers/¿¡¼ ´õ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» + ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

±×¸®°í ¹°·Ð CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ µ¿ÀÛ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç ³»¿ëÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ + CGI ±Ô¾àÀ» ÀÐ¾î¾ß ÇÒÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. NCSA¿¡ + ¿øº» ¹®¼°¡ ÀÖ°í, ¼öÁ¤ÇÑ ÃÊ¾ÈÀº Common Gateway Interface + RFC ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

¸ÞÀÏ¸µ¸®½ºÆ®³ª ´º½º±×·ì¿¡ ÇöÀç °Ý°í ÀÖ´Â CGI ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ + Áú¹®ÇÒ¶§´Â ¹ß»ýÇÑ Çö»ó°ú ¿ø·¡ ±â´ëÇÑ °á°ú, ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¹ß»ýÇÑ + Çö»óÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ´Ù¸¥Áö, »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¼¹ö, CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ + ¾ð¾î, °¡´ÉÇÏ¸é ÇØ´ç ÄÚµå¸¦ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ Àû¾î¶ó. ±×·¯¸é ÇØ°áÃ¥À» + Ã£±â ½¬¿öÁø´Ù.

+ +

¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¼Ò½ºÄÚµå°¡ Àß¸øµÇ¾ú´Ù°í È®½ÅÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ CGI Áú¹®À» + ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¹ö±× µ¥ÀÌÅÍº£ÀÌ½º¿¡ ¿Ã¸®¸é Àý´ë·Î + ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.

°¡´ÉÇÑ ¾ð¾î: en | + ja | + ko

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html b/docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9c6579d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +URI: htaccess.html.en +Content-Language: en +Content-type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 + +URI: htaccess.html.ja.euc-jp +Content-Language: ja +Content-type: text/html; charset=EUC-JP + +URI: htaccess.html.ko.euc-kr +Content-Language: ko +Content-type: text/html; charset=EUC-KR + +URI: htaccess.html.pt-br +Content-Language: pt-br +Content-type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.en b/docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.en new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0ab4f5e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.en @@ -0,0 +1,385 @@ + + + +Apache Tutorial: .htaccess files - Apache HTTP Server + + + + + +

+Apache > HTTP Server > Documentation > Version 2.2 > How-To / Tutorials

Apache Tutorial: .htaccess files

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko | + pt-br

+ +

.htaccess files provide a way to make configuration +changes on a per-directory basis.

.htaccess files
What they are/How to use them
When (not) to use .htaccess files
How directives are applied
Authentication example
Server Side Includes example
CGI example
Troubleshooting

.htaccess files

+ +

What they are/How to use them

+ + +

.htaccess files (or "distributed configuration files") + provide a way to make configuration changes on a per-directory basis. A + file, containing one or more configuration directives, is placed in a + particular document directory, and the directives apply to that + directory, and all subdirectories thereof.

+ +

Note:

If you want to call your .htaccess file something + else, you can change the name of the file using the AccessFileName directive. For example, + if you would rather call the file .config then you + can put the following in your server configuration file:

+ +

+ AccessFileName .config +

+ +

In general, .htaccess files use the same syntax as + the main configuration + files. What you can put in these files is determined by the + AllowOverride directive. This + directive specifies, in categories, what directives will be + honored if they are found in a .htaccess file. If a + directive is permitted in a .htaccess file, the + documentation for that directive will contain an Override section, + specifying what value must be in AllowOverride in order for that + directive to be permitted.

+ +

For example, if you look at the documentation for the AddDefaultCharset + directive, you will find that it is permitted in .htaccess + files. (See the Context line in the directive summary.) The Override line reads + FileInfo. Thus, you must have at least + AllowOverride FileInfo in order for this directive to be + honored in .htaccess files.

+ +

Example:

+ + + + + + + + + +

Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	FileInfo

+ +

If you are unsure whether a particular directive is permitted in a + .htaccess file, look at the documentation for that + directive, and check the Context line for ".htaccess".

When (not) to use .htaccess files

+ +

In general, you should never use .htaccess files unless + you don't have access to the main server configuration file. There is, + for example, a prevailing misconception that user authentication should + always be done in .htaccess files. This is simply not the + case. You can put user authentication configurations in the main server + configuration, and this is, in fact, the preferred way to do + things.

+ +

.htaccess files should be used in a case where the + content providers need to make configuration changes to the server on a + per-directory basis, but do not have root access on the server system. + In the event that the server administrator is not willing to make + frequent configuration changes, it might be desirable to permit + individual users to make these changes in .htaccess files + for themselves. This is particularly true, for example, in cases where + ISPs are hosting multiple user sites on a single machine, and want + their users to be able to alter their configuration.

+ +

However, in general, use of .htaccess files should be + avoided when possible. Any configuration that you would consider + putting in a .htaccess file, can just as effectively be + made in a <Directory> section in your main server + configuration file.

+ +

There are two main reasons to avoid the use of + .htaccess files.

+ +

The first of these is performance. When AllowOverride + is set to allow the use of .htaccess files, Apache will + look in every directory for .htaccess files. Thus, + permitting .htaccess files causes a performance hit, + whether or not you actually even use them! Also, the + .htaccess file is loaded every time a document is + requested.

+ +

Further note that Apache must look for .htaccess files + in all higher-level directories, in order to have a full complement of + directives that it must apply. (See section on how + directives are applied.) Thus, if a file is requested out of a + directory /www/htdocs/example, Apache must look for the + following files:

+ +

+ /.htaccess + /www/.htaccess + /www/htdocs/.htaccess + /www/htdocs/example/.htaccess +

+ +

And so, for each file access out of that directory, there are 4 + additional file-system accesses, even if none of those files are + present. (Note that this would only be the case if + .htaccess files were enabled for /, which + is not usually the case.)

+ +

The second consideration is one of security. You are permitting + users to modify server configuration, which may result in changes over + which you have no control. Carefully consider whether you want to give + your users this privilege. Note also that giving users less + privileges than they need will lead to additional technical support + requests. Make sure you clearly tell your users what level of + privileges you have given them. Specifying exactly what you have set + AllowOverride to, and pointing them + to the relevant documentation, will save yourself a lot of confusion + later.

+ +

Note that it is completely equivalent to put a .htaccess + file in a directory /www/htdocs/example containing a + directive, and to put that same directive in a Directory section + <Directory /www/htdocs/example> in your main server + configuration:

+ +

.htaccess file in /www/htdocs/example:

+ +

Contents of .htaccess file in + `/www/htdocs/example`

+ AddType text/example .exm +

+ +

Section from your `httpd.conf` + file

+ <Directory /www/htdocs/example> + + AddType text/example .exm + + </Directory> +

+ +

However, putting this configuration in your server configuration + file will result in less of a performance hit, as the configuration is + loaded once when Apache starts, rather than every time a file is + requested.

+ +

The use of .htaccess files can be disabled completely + by setting the AllowOverride + directive to none:

+ +

+ AllowOverride None +

How directives are applied

+ +

The configuration directives found in a .htaccess file + are applied to the directory in which the .htaccess file + is found, and to all subdirectories thereof. However, it is important + to also remember that there may have been .htaccess files + in directories higher up. Directives are applied in the order that they + are found. Therefore, a .htaccess file in a particular + directory may override directives found in .htaccess files + found higher up in the directory tree. And those, in turn, may have + overridden directives found yet higher up, or in the main server + configuration file itself.

+ +

Example:

+ +

In the directory /www/htdocs/example1 we have a + .htaccess file containing the following:

+ +

+ Options +ExecCGI +

+ +

(Note: you must have "AllowOverride Options" in effect + to permit the use of the "Options" directive in + .htaccess files.)

+ +

In the directory /www/htdocs/example1/example2 we have + a .htaccess file containing:

+ +

+ Options Includes +

+ +

Because of this second .htaccess file, in the directory + /www/htdocs/example1/example2, CGI execution is not + permitted, as only Options Includes is in effect, which + completely overrides any earlier setting that may have been in + place.

+ +

Merging of .htaccess with the main + configuration files

+ +

As discussed in the documentation on Configuration Sections, + .htaccess files can override the <Directory> sections for + the corresponding directory, but will be overriden by other types + of configuration sections from the main configuration files. This + fact can be used to enforce certain configurations, even in the + presence of a liberal AllowOverride setting. For example, to + prevent script execution while allowing anything else to be set in + .htaccess you can use:

+ +

+<Directory /> + +Allowoverride All + +</Directory> + +<Location /> + +Options +IncludesNoExec -ExecCGI + +</Location> +

+ + +

Authentication example

+ +

If you jumped directly to this part of the document to find out how + to do authentication, it is important to note one thing. There is a + common misconception that you are required to use + .htaccess files in order to implement password + authentication. This is not the case. Putting authentication directives + in a <Directory> + section, in your main server configuration file, is the preferred way + to implement this, and .htaccess files should be used only + if you don't have access to the main server configuration file. See above for a discussion of when you should and should + not use .htaccess files.

+ +

Having said that, if you still think you need to use a + .htaccess file, you may find that a configuration such as + what follows may work for you.

+ +

.htaccess file contents:

+ +

+ AuthType Basic + AuthName "Password Required" + AuthUserFile /www/passwords/password.file + AuthGroupFile /www/passwords/group.file + Require Group admins +

+ +

Note that AllowOverride AuthConfig must be in effect + for these directives to have any effect.

+ +

Please see the authentication tutorial for a + more complete discussion of authentication and authorization.

Server Side Includes example

+ +

Another common use of .htaccess files is to enable + Server Side Includes for a particular directory. This may be done with + the following configuration directives, placed in a + .htaccess file in the desired directory:

+ +

+ Options +Includes + AddType text/html shtml + AddHandler server-parsed shtml +

+ +

Note that AllowOverride Options and AllowOverride + FileInfo must both be in effect for these directives to have any + effect.

+ +

Please see the SSI tutorial for a more + complete discussion of server-side includes.

CGI example

+ +

Finally, you may wish to use a .htaccess file to permit + the execution of CGI programs in a particular directory. This may be + implemented with the following configuration:

+ +

+ Options +ExecCGI + AddHandler cgi-script cgi pl +

+ +

Alternately, if you wish to have all files in the given directory be + considered to be CGI programs, this may be done with the following + configuration:

+ +

+ Options +ExecCGI + SetHandler cgi-script +

+ +

Note that AllowOverride Options and AllowOverride + FileInfo must both be in effect for these directives to have any + effect.

+ +

Please see the CGI tutorial for a more + complete discussion of CGI programming and configuration.

+ +

Troubleshooting

+ +

When you put configuration directives in a .htaccess + file, and you don't get the desired effect, there are a number of + things that may be going wrong.

+ +

Most commonly, the problem is that AllowOverride is not + set such that your configuration directives are being honored. Make + sure that you don't have a AllowOverride None in effect + for the file scope in question. A good test for this is to put garbage + in your .htaccess file and reload. If a server error is + not generated, then you almost certainly have AllowOverride + None in effect.

+ +

If, on the other hand, you are getting server errors when trying to + access documents, check your Apache error log. It will likely tell you + that the directive used in your .htaccess file is not + permitted. Alternately, it may tell you that you had a syntax error, + which you will then need to fix.

+ +

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko | + pt-br

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.ja.euc-jp b/docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.ja.euc-jp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5a93ad8d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.ja.euc-jp @@ -0,0 +1,383 @@ + + + +Apache ¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë: .htaccess ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë - Apache HTTP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð + + + + + +

+Apache > HTTP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð > ¥É¥¥å¥á¥ó¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó > ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 2.2 > How-To / ¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë

Apache ¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë: .htaccess ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko | + pt-br

+ +

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+ + +

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+ +

+ AccessFileName .config +

+ +

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+ +

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+ + + + + + + + + +

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¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÀßÄê + ¤ËµºÜ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢.htaccess ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ + <Directory> + ¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥êËè¤Ë¾å½ñ¤¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢ + ¥á¥¤¥óÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÃæ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¡¢Â¾¤Î¼ïÎà¤ÎÀßÄê¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ + ¤µ¤é¤Ë¾å½ñ¤¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ + ¤³¤ÎÆÃÄ§¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¢ + AllowOverride + ¤Ç¼«Í³ÅÙ¤Î¹â¤¤ÀßÄê¤¬¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢¤¢¤ëÆÃÄê¤ÎÀßÄê¤¬³Î¼Â¤Ë + È¿±Ç¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Îã¤¨¤Ð¡¢CGI ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤Ï + ÉÔµö²Ä¤Ë¡¢¤«¤Ä¡¢.htaccess ¤Ç¤½¤ÎÂ¾¤Î¹àÌÜ¤Ï + ÀßÄê¤Ç¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¾ì¹ç¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹ :

+ +

+<Directory /> + +Allowoverride All + +</Directory> + +<Location /> + +Options +IncludesNoExec -ExecCGI + +</Location> +

+ + +

Ç§¾Ú¤ÎÎã

+ +

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+ +

+ +

.htaccess ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÆâÍÆ:

+ +

+ AuthType Basic + AuthName "Password Required" + AuthUserFile /www/passwords/password.file + AuthGroupFile /www/passwords/group.file + Require Group admins +

+ +

¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤¬Í¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ + AllowOverride AuthConfig ¤¬Í¸ú¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤Ï¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤Ë + Ãí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

+ +

Ç§¾Ú¤È¾µÇ§¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï Ç§¾Ú¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë¤ò + »²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

SSI ¤ÎÎã

+ +

¤â¤¦°ì¤Ä¤Î .htaccess ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¤è¤¯¤¢¤ëÍøÍÑË¡¤Ï + ÆÃÄê¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç SSI ¤òÍ¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢Ë¾¤ß¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î + .htaccess ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë°Ê²¼¤ÎÀßÄê¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤ò½ñ¤¯¤³¤È¤Ç + Ã£À®¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹:

+ +

+ Options +Includes + AddType text/html shtml + AddHandler server-parsed shtml +

+ +

¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤¬Í¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ + AllowOverride Options ¤È AllowOverride + FileInfo ¤¬Í¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ëÉ¬Í×¤¬¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

+ +

¤è¤ê¤Þ¤È¤Þ¤Ã¤¿ SSI ¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤Ï SSI ¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë¤ò + »²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

CGI ¤ÎÎã

+ +

+ +

+ Options +ExecCGI + AddHandler cgi-script cgi pl +

+ +

+ +

+ Options +ExecCGI + SetHandler cgi-script +

+ +

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+ +

CGI ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ÈÀßÄê¤Î¤è¤ê¤Þ¤È¤Þ¤Ã¤¿ÀâÌÀ¤Ï CGI ¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

+ +

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°ìÈÖ¤è¤¯¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢ÀßÄê¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤¬¹ÍÎ¸¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ï + AllowOverride ¤¬ÀßÄê¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤ + ¤È¤¤¤¦¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£³ºÅö¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥¹¥³¡¼¥×¤Ë AllowOverride None + ¤¬ÀßÄê¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ò³ÎÇ§¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¤³¤ì¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÎÉ¤¤ÊýË¡¤Ï¡¢ + .htaccess ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¤´¤ß¤ò½ñ¤¤¤Æ¡¢¥ê¥í¡¼¥É¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£ + ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬À¸À®¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤Ï¡¢¤Û¤Ü³Î¼Â¤Ë AllowOverride + None ¤¬ÀßÄê¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾õÂÖ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

+ +

¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢Ê¸½ñ¤ò¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤¿¤È¤¤Ë¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë + ¤È¤¤Ï¡¢Apache ¤Î¥¨¥é¡¼¥í¥°¤òÄ´¤Ù¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£.htaccess ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç + »ÈÍÑ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤¬µö²Ä¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤òÃÎ¤é¤»¤Æ¤¤¤ë + ²ÄÇ½À¤¬¹â¤¤¤Ç¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¡¢¹½Ê¸¤Î´Ö°ã¤¤¤¬¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò½Ò¤Ù¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ + ¤½¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¤Þ¤º¤½¤ì¤ò½¤Àµ¤¹¤ëÉ¬Í×¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

+ +

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko | + pt-br

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.ko.euc-kr b/docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.ko.euc-kr new file mode 100644 index 00000000..68f4172a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.ko.euc-kr @@ -0,0 +1,333 @@ + + + +¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ÅõÅä¸®¾ó: .htaccess ÆÄÀÏ - Apache HTTP Server + + + + + +

+Apache > HTTP Server > Documentation > Version 2.2 > How-To / Tutorials

¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ÅõÅä¸®¾ó: .htaccess ÆÄÀÏ

°¡´ÉÇÑ ¾ð¾î: en | + ja | + ko | + pt-br

ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â ÃÖ½ÅÆÇ ¹ø¿ªÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. + ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ º¯°æµÈ ³»¿ëÀº ¿µ¾î ¹®¼¸¦ Âü°íÇÏ¼¼¿ä.

+ +

.htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© µð·ºÅä¸®º°·Î ¼³Á¤À» +º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

.htaccess ÆÄÀÏ
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¾ðÁ¦ .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ³ª + (È¤Àº »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê³ª)
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.htaccess ÆÄÀÏ

°ü·ÃµÈ ¸ðµâ	°ü·ÃµÈ Áö½Ã¾î
`core` `mod_authn_file` `mod_authz_groupfile` `mod_cgi` `mod_include` `mod_mime`	`AccessFileName` `AllowOverride` `Options` `AddHandler` `SetHandler` `AuthType` `AuthName` `AuthUserFile` `AuthGroupFile` `Require`

¹«¾ùÀÌ¸ç/¾î¶»°Ô »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â°¡

+ + +

.htaccess ÆÄÀÏ(È¤Àº "ºÐ»ê ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ")À» + »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é µð·ºÅä¸®º°·Î ¼³Á¤À» º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ ¼³Á¤ Áö½Ã¾î°¡ + ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» Æ¯Á¤ ¹®¼ µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ µÎ¸é, ±× µð·ºÅä¸®¿Í ¸ðµç + ÇÏÀ§µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

ÁÖÀÇ:

.htaccess ÆÄÀÏ¸íÀ» ´Ù¸£°Ô »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é, + AccessFileName Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ + »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, .config + ÆÄÀÏ¸íÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é ¼¹ö ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

+ AccessFileName .config +

+ +

ÀÏ¹ÝÀûÀ¸·Î .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀº ÁÖ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ°ú ¹®¹ýÀÌ + °°´Ù. AllowOverride + Áö½Ã¾î°¡ ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ³ª¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ³»¿ëÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ Áö½Ã¾î´Â + .htaccess ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ Çã¿ëÇÏ´Â Áö½Ã¾î ºÐ·ù¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. + Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ .htaccess ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, + ÇØ´ç Áö½Ã¾î ¹®¼ÀÇ Override Ç×¸ñÀº Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ±âÀ§ÇØ + AllowOverride¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ + °ªÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù.

+ +

¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, AddDefaultCharset + Áö½Ã¾î ¹®¼¸¦ º¸¸é ÀÌ Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ .htaccess ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ + »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (Áö½Ã¾î ¿ä¾à¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÀå¼Ò Ç×¸ñÀ» º¸¶ó.) + Override + ÁÙ¿¡ FileInfo°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ÀÌ Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ + .htaccess ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÏ±âÀ§ÇØ¼´Â ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ + AllowOverride FileInfo°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.

+ +

¿¹Á¦:

+ + + + + + + + + +

»ç¿ëÀå¼Ò:	ÁÖ¼¹ö¼³Á¤, °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ®, directory, .htaccess
Override:	FileInfo

+ +

Æ¯Á¤ Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ .htaccess ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÒ + ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ±Ã±ÝÇÏ¸é Áö½Ã¾î ¹®¼ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀå¼Ò Ç×¸ñ¿¡ ".htaccess"°¡ + ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.

¾ðÁ¦ .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ³ª + (È¤Àº »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê³ª)

+ +

ÀÏ¹ÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÖ¼¹öÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é + .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, + »ç¿ëÀÚ ÀÎÁõÀÌ Ç×»ó .htaccess ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß + ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº Àß¸ø ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¿ÀÇØ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÁÖ¼¹ö¼³Á¤¿¡ + »ç¿ëÀÚ ÀÎÁõ ¼³Á¤À» ÀûÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°í, »ç½Ç ÀÌ·¯±æ ±ÇÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

.htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀº ÄÁÅÙÃ÷ Á¦°øÀÚ°¡ µð·ºÅä¸®º°·Î + ¼¹ö ¼³Á¤À» ´Ù¸£°ÔÇÏ°í ½ÍÁö¸¸ ¼¹ö ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ root ±ÇÇÑÀÌ + ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¼¹ö °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ ¼³Á¤À» ÀÚÁÖ º¯°æÇÏ°í + ½ÍÁö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ì ÀÏ¹Ý »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ Á÷Á¢ .htaccess + ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼öÁ¤ÇÏµµ·Ï Çã¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ÇÑ + ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ ¿©·¯ »ç¿ëÀÚ »çÀÌÆ®¸¦ ¼ºñ½ºÇÏ´Â ISP¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ + ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼³Á¤À» º¯°æÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº °æ¿ì°¡ ±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù.

+ +

±×·¯³ª ÀÏ¹ÝÀûÀ¸·Î .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀº °¡±ÞÀû + ÇÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. .htaccess ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ Çã¿ëÇÏ´Â Áö½Ã¾î´Â + ÁÖ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏÀÇ <Directory> ¼½¼Ç°ú °°Àº È¿°ú°¡ + ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

´ÙÀ½ µÎ°¡Áö Å« ÀÌÀ¯¶§¹®¿¡ .htaccess ÆÄÀÏ + »ç¿ëÀ» ÇÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

Ã¹¹øÂ°´Â ¼º´ÉÀÌ´Ù. AllowOverride°¡ .htaccess + ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏµµ·Ï Çã¿ëÇÏ¸é, ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â µð·ºÅä¸®¸¶´Ù + .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀ» Ã£´Â´Ù. ±×·¡¼ + .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀ» Çã¿ëÇÏ¸é ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö + ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì¿¡µµ ¼º´ÉÀÌ ¶³¾îÁø´Ù! ¶Ç, .htaccess + ÆÄÀÏÀº ¹®¼¸¦ ¿äÃ»ÇÒ¶§¸¶´Ù ÀÐ¾îµéÀÎ´Ù.

+ +

°Ô´Ù°¡ Àû¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ÀüÃ¼ Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ ¸ðÀ¸±âÀ§ÇØ ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â + ¸ðµç »óÀ§ µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡¼ .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀ» Ã£´Â´Ù. + (¾î¶»°Ô Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÏ³ª ÀýÀ» Âü°í.) + ±×·¡¼ /www/htdocs/example µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â + ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¿äÃ»ÇÏ¸é, ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ´ÙÀ½ ÆÄÀÏµéÀ» Ã£¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

+ /.htaccess + /www/.htaccess + /www/htdocs/.htaccess + /www/htdocs/example/.htaccess +

+ +

±×·¡¼ ±× µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏÀÌ + ÀüÇô ¾ø¾îµµ ÆÄÀÏ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» 4¹ø ´õ Á¢±ÙÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. + (/¿¡¼µµ .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀ» Çã¿ëÇÑ + °æ¿ì¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. º¸ÅëÀº Çã¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.)

+ +

µÎ¹øÂ° ÀÌÀ¯´Â º¸¾ÈÀÌ´Ù. »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¼¹ö¼³Á¤ º¯°æ ±ÇÇÑÀ» + ÁÖ¸é ´ç½ÅÀÌ °¨´çÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â º¯È°¡ ÀÏ¾î³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô + ÀÌ·± ±ÇÇÑÀ» ÁÙÁö °õ°õÀÌ »ý°¢ÇÏ¶ó. ¶Ç, »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù + ÀûÀº ±ÇÇÑÀ» ÁÖ¸é ±â¼úÁö¿ø¿äÃ»ÀÌ µé¾î¿Â´Ù. »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô °¡´ÉÇÑ + ±ÇÇÑ ¼öÁØÀ» ¸íÈ®È÷ ¾Ë·Á¶ó. »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô AllowOverride¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö + Á¤È®È÷ ¾Ë¸®°í °ü·Ã ¹®¼¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ¸é ¾ÕÀ¸·Î È¥¶õÀ» ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö + ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ /www/htdocs/example µð·ºÅä¸®ÀÇ + .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀ» µÎ´Â °Í°ú ÁÖ¼¹ö¼³Á¤ÀÇ + <Directory /www/htdocs/example> Directory + ¼³Á¤¿¡ µÎ´Â °ÍÀº ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ °°´Ù.

+ +

/www/htdocs/example¿¡ ÀÖ´Â + .htaccess ¼½¼Ç:

+ +

`/www/htdocs/example`¿¡ ÀÖ´Â + .htaccess ÆÄÀÏ ³»¿ë

+ AddType text/example .exm +

+ +

`httpd.conf` ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼½¼Ç

+ <Directory /www/htdocs/example> + + AddType text/example .exm + + </Directory> +

+ +

±×·¯³ª ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¿äÃ»ÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ¼³Á¤À» ÀÐÁö¾Ê°í ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡°¡ + ½ÃÀÛÇÒ¶§ ÇÑ¹ø¸¸ ¼³Á¤À» ÀÐ±â¶§¹®¿¡ °°Àº ¼³Á¤À» ¼¹ö¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ + »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¼º´ÉÀÌ ´õ ºü¸£´Ù.

+ +

AllowOverride Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ + noneÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¸é .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀ» + ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

+ +

+ AllowOverride None +

¾î¶»°Ô Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÏ³ª

+ +

.htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÑ µð·ºÅä¸®¿Í ±× µð·ºÅä¸®ÀÇ + ¸ðµç ÇÏÀ§µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ .htaccess ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼³Á¤ + Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ »óÀ§µð·ºÅä¸®ÀÇ .htaccess + ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¹ß°ßÇÑ ¼ø¼·Î Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÑ´Ù. Æ¯Á¤ + µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀº »óÀ§µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ + ÀÖ´Â .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ ¹«È¿·Î ¸¸µé + ¼ö ÀÖ°í, »óÀ§µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Áö½Ã¾î´Â ´õ »óÀ§µð·ºÅä¸® È¤Àº + ÁÖ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ ¹«È¿·Î ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

¿¹Á¦:

+ +

/www/htdocs/example1 µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº + .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

+ Options +ExecCGI +

+ +

(ÁÖÀÇ: .htaccess ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ "Options" Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é + "AllowOverride Options"°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.)

+ +

/www/htdocs/example1/example2 µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡´Â + ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

+ Options Includes +

+ +

ÀÌ µÎ¹øÂ° .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀÇ + Options Includes°¡ ÀÌÀü ¼³Á¤À» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¹«È¿·Î + ¸¸µé±â¶§¹®¿¡ /www/htdocs/example1/example2 + µð·ºÅä¸®´Â CGI ½ÇÇàÀ» Çã¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

ÀÎÁõ ¿¹Á¦

+ +

ÀÎÁõ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¾Ë±âÀ§ÇØ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ°÷ºÎÅÍ ÀÐ´Â´Ù¸é ÁÖÀÇÇÒ °ÍÀÌ + ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ÏÈ£ ÀÎÁõÀ» ÇÏ·Á¸é .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀÌ + ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â ¿ÀÇØ°¡ ³Î¸® ÆÛÁ®ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. + ÁÖ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏÀÇ <Directory> ¼½¼Ç¿¡ ÀÎÁõ Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ + µÎ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ±ÇÀåÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ°í, ¼¹öÀÇ ÁÖ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼öÁ¤ÇÒ + ¼ö ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß + ÇÑ´Ù. ¾ðÁ¦ .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿Í + »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö´Â À§¿¡¼ + ¼³¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù.

+ +

¾Õ¿¡¼ ¸»ÇßÁö¸¸ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀÌ + ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¸é ¾Æ·¡ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

+ +

.htaccess ÆÄÀÏ ³»¿ë.

+ +

+ AuthType Basic + AuthName "Password Required" + AuthUserFile /www/passwords/password.file + AuthGroupFile /www/passwords/group.file + Require Group admins +

+ +

ÀÌ Áö½Ã¾î°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ±âÀ§ÇØ¼´Â + AllowOverride AuthConfig Áö½Ã¾î°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÔÀ» + ¸í½ÉÇÏ¶ó.

+ +

ÀÎÁõ°ú ±ÇÇÑºÎ¿©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¼³¸íÀº ÀÎÁõ + ÅõÅä¸®¾óÀ» º¸±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.

Server Side Includes ¿¹Á¦

+ +

¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ÀÏ¹ÝÀûÀÎ .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¿ëµµ´Â + Æ¯Á¤ µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡¼ Server Side Includes¸¦ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â + °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿øÇÏ´Â µð·ºÅä¸®ÀÇ .htaccess ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ + ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¼³Á¤ Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.

+ +

+ Options +Includes + AddType text/html shtml + AddHandler server-parsed shtml +

+ +

ÀÌ Áö½Ã¾î°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ·Á¸é AllowOverride Options¿Í + AllowOverride FileInfo°¡ ¸ðµÎ ÇÊ¿äÇÔÀ» ¸í½ÉÇÏ¶ó.

+ +

server-side includes¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¼³¸íÀº SSI ÅõÅä¸®¾óÀ» º¸±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.

CGI ¿¹Á¦

+ +

¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Æ¯Á¤ + µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡¼ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ½ÇÇàÀ» Çã¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú + °°Àº ¼³Á¤À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

+ Options +ExecCGI + AddHandler cgi-script cgi pl +

+ +

È¤Àº ÀÌ µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ÆÄÀÏÀ» CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î + Ã³¸®ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¼³Á¤µµ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.

+ +

+ Options +ExecCGI + SetHandler cgi-script +

+ +

ÀÌ Áö½Ã¾î°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ·Á¸é AllowOverride Options¿Í + AllowOverride FileInfo°¡ ¸ðµÎ ÇÊ¿äÇÔÀ» ¸í½ÉÇÏ¶ó.

+ +

CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö°ú ¼³Á¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¼³¸íÀº CGI ÅõÅä¸®¾óÀ» º¸±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.

+ +

¹®Á¦ÇØ°á

+ +

.htaccess ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ µÐ ¼³Á¤ Áö½Ã¾î°¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â + ±â´ÉÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì ¿©·¯°¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

°¡Àå ÀÏ¹ÝÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦´Â ¼³Á¤ Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â AllowOverride¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº + °æ¿ì´Ù. ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇ´Â ÆÄÀÏ ¿µ¿ª¿¡ AllowOverride NoneÀÌ + ¾ø´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. .htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾Æ¹«·¸°Ô³ª + ÀûÀº ´ÙÀ½ ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ´Ù½Ã Á¢±ÙÇÏ¿© ½±°Ô °Ë»çÇØº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. + ¼¹ö ¿À·ù°¡ ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é °ÅÀÇ È®½ÇÈ÷ + AllowOverride NoneÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ °æ¿ì´Ù.

+ +

¹Ý´ë·Î ¹®¼¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÒ¶§ ¼¹ö ¿À·ù°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¸é ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¿À·ù·Î±×¸¦ + »ìÆìºÁ¶ó. ¾Æ¸¶µµ .htaccess ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ + Çã¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ´Ï°í ¹®¹ý ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¿À·ù¸¦ + °íÄ£´Ù.

+ +

°¡´ÉÇÑ ¾ð¾î: en | + ja | + ko | + pt-br

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.pt-br b/docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.pt-br new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f48691a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/htaccess.html.pt-br @@ -0,0 +1,375 @@ + + + +Tutorial do Apache: arquivos .htaccess - Servidor HTTP Apache + + + + + +

+Apache > Servidor HTTP > Documentação > Versão 2.2 > How-To / Tutoriais

Tutorial do Apache: arquivos .htaccess

Línguas Disponíveis: en | + ja | + ko | + pt-br

+ +

Arquivos .htaccess oferecem um meio de fazer mudanças + nas configurações por-diretório.

Arquivos .htaccess
O que eles são/Como usá-los
Quando (não) usar arquivos .htaccess
Como as diretrizes são aplicadas
Exemplo de Autenticação
Exemplo de Server Side Includes
Exemplo de CGI
Resolvendo Problemas

Arquivos .htaccess

Módulos Relacionados	Diretrizes Relacionadas
`core` `mod_authn_file` `mod_authz_groupfile` `mod_cgi` `mod_include` `mod_mime`	`AccessFileName` `AllowOverride` `Options` `AddHandler` `SetHandler` `AuthType` `AuthName` `AuthUserFile` `AuthGroupFile` `Require`

O que eles são/Como usá-los

+ + +

Os arquivos .htaccess (ou "arquivos de + configuração distribuída") oferecem um meio de fazer mudanças nas + configurações por-diretório. Um arquivo, contendo uma ou mais + diretrizes de configurações, é colocado em um diretório + em particular, e as diretrizes se aplicam para aquele diretório e todos + os seu subdiretórios subseqüentes.

+ +

Nota:

Se você quiser renomear o seu arquivo .htaccess + para outro nome, você deve usar a diretriz AccessFileName. Por exemplo, se você + prefere que o arquivo se chame .config, então você + pode adicionar a seguinte linha ao seu arquivo de configuração + do servidor:

+ +

+ AccessFileName .config +

+ +

No geral, arquivos .htaccess usam a mesma sintaxe + que os arquivos de + configuração principal. O que você pode colocar nesses + arquivos é determinado pele diretriz AllowOverride. Essa diretriz especifica, + em categorias, quais diretrizes serão aceitas caso sejam + encontradas em um arquivo .htaccess. Se uma diretriz + for permitida em um arquivo .htaccess, a documentação + para essa diretriz irá conter uma seção Override, + especificando que valor precisa estar em AllowOverride para que esta diretriz + seja permitida.

+ +

Por exemplo, se você procurar na documentação pela diretriz + AddDefaultCharset, você + achará que ela é permitida nos arquivos .htaccess. + (Veja a linha Contexto no sumário das diretivas.) A + linha Override lê + FileInfo. Então, você deve ao menos ter + AllowOverride FileInfo para que essa diretriz seja + aceita nos arquivos .htaccess.

+ +

Exemplo:

+ + + + + + + + + +

Contexto:	configuração do servidor, hospedeiros virtuais, diretório, .htaccess
Override:	FileInfo

+ +

Se você estiver incerto se uma diretriz em particular é + aceita em um arquivo .htaccess, procure na + documentação por essa diretriz, e verifique a linha de + Contexto por ".htaccess".

Quando (não) usar arquivos .htaccess

+ +

No geral, você nunca deve usar arquivos .htaccess + a não ser que você não tenha acesso ao arquivo de configuração + principal do servidor. Existe, por exemplo, um erro de concepção + que dita que a autenticação de usuários sempre deve + ser feita usando os arquivos .htaccess. Esse + simplesmente não é o caso. Você pode usar as configurações de + autenticação de usuário no arquivo de configuração principal do + servidor, e isso é, de fato, a maneira mais adequada de se fazer + as coisas.

+ +

Arquivos .htaccess devem ser usados em casos onde + os provedores de conteúdo do site precisem fazer mudanças na + configuração do servidor por-diretório, mas não tem + acesso root ao sistema do servidor. Caso o administrador do + servidor não esteja disposto a fazer mudanças freqüentes nas + configurações do servidor, é desejável permitir que os + usuários possam fazer essas mudanças através de arquivos + .htaccess eles mesmos. Isso é particularmente + verdade, por exemplo, em casos onde provedores estão fornecendo + múltiplos sites para usuários em apenas uma máquina, e querem que + seus usuários possam alterar suas configurações.

+ +

No entanto, de modo geral, o uso de arquivos .htaccess + deve ser evitado quando possível. Quaisquer configurações + que você considerar acrescentar em um arquivo .htaccess, podem + ser efetivamente colocadas em uma seção <Directory> no arquivo principal de + configuração de seu servidor.

+ +

Existem duas razões principais para evitar o uso de arquivos + .htaccess.

+ +

A primeira delas é a performance. Quando AllowOverride é configurado para + permitir o uso de arquivos .htaccess, o Apache procura + em todos diretórios por arquivos .htaccess. + Logo, permitir arquivos .htaccess causa um impacto na + performance, mesmo sem você usá-los de fato! Além disso, + o arquivo .htaccess é carregado toda vez que um documento + é requerido.

+ +

Além disso, note que o Apache precisa procurar pelos arquivos + .htaccess em todos os diretórios superiores, para ter + o complemento total de todas as diretivas que devem ser + aplicadas. (Veja a seção como as diretrizes são + aplicadas.) Então, se um arquivo de um diretório + /www/htdocs/example é requerido, o Apache precisa + procurar pelos seguintes arquivos:

+ +

+ /.htaccess + /www/.htaccess + /www/htdocs/.htaccess + /www/htdocs/example/.htaccess +

+ +

Assim, para cada acesso de arquivo fora desse diretório, + existem 4 acessos ao sistema de arquivos adicionais, mesmo + que nenhum desses arquivos estejam presentes. (Note que esse + só será o caso se os arquivos .htaccess + estiverem habilitados para /, o que + normalmente não é o verdade.)

+ +

A segunda consideração é relativa à segurança. + Você está permitindo que os usuários modifiquem as + configurações do servidor, o que pode resultar em mudanças + que podem fugir ao seu controle. Considere com cuidado se você quer + ou não dar aos seus usuários esses privilégios. Note também + que dar aos usuários menos privilégios que eles precisam, acarreta em + pedidos de suporte técnico adicionais. Tenha certeza que você comunicou + aos usuários que nível de privilégios você os deu. + Especificar exatamente o que você configurou na diretriz AllowOverride, e direcioná-los para a + documentação relevante, irá poupá-lo de muita confusão + depois.

+ +

Perceba que é exatamente equivalente colocar o arquivo + .htaccess em um diretório + /www/htdocs/example contendo uma diretriz, e + adicionar a mesma diretriz em uma seção Directory + <Directory /www/htdocs/example> na configuração + principal do seu servidor:

+ +

Arquivo .htaccess em /www/htdocs/example:

+ +

Conteúdo de um arquivo .htaccess em + `/www/htdocs/example`

+ AddType text/example .exm +

+ +

Seção do seu arquivo `httpd.conf`

+ <Directory /www/htdocs/example> + + AddType text/example .exm + + </Directory> +

+ +

No entanto, adicionando isso ao seu arquivo de configuração do + servidor resultará em uma menor perda de performance, na medida que + a configuração é carregada no momento da inicialização do + servidor, ao invés de toda que que um arquivo é requerido.

+ +

O uso de arquivos .htaccess pode ser totalmente + desabilitado, ajustando a diretriz AllowOverride para none:

+ +

+ AllowOverride None +

Como as diretrizes são aplicadas

+ +

As diretrizes de configuração que se encontram em um arquivo + .htaccess são aplicadas para o diretório no qual o + arquivo .htaccess se encontra, e para todos os + subdiretórios ali presentes. Mas, é importante lembrar também que + podem existir arquivos .htaccess no diretórios + superiores. As diretrizes são aplicadas na ordem que são + achadas. Logo, um arquivo .htaccess em um diretório + em particular, pode sobrescrever as diretrizes encontradas em um + diretório acima deste em sua respectiva árvore. Estes, por sua vez, + podem ter suas diretrizes sobrescritas por diretrizes ainda mais + acima, ou no próprio arquivo de configuração principal do + servidor.

+ +

Exemplo:

+ +

No diretório /www/htdocs/example1 nós temos + um arquivo .htaccess contendo o seguinte:

+ +

+ Options +ExecCGI +

+ +

(Nota: você deve ter "AllowOverride Options" para + permitir o uso da diretriz "Options" nos arquivos + .htaccess .)

+ +

No diretório /www/htdocs/example1/example2 nós temos + um arquivo .htaccess contendo:

+ +

+ Options Includes +

+ +

Devido a esse segundo arquivo .htaccess, no + diretório /www/htdocs/example1/example2, a execução + de scripts CGI não é permitida, pois somente Options + Includes está em efeito, o que sobrescreve completamente + quaisquer outros ajustes previamente configurados.

Exemplo de Autenticação

+ +

Se você veio diretamente à esta parte do documento para + aprender como fazer autenticação, é importante notar uma + coisa. Existe uma concepção errada, mas muito comum, de que é + necessário o uso de arquivos .htaccess para implementar + a autenticação por senha. Este não é o caso. Colocar + diretrizes de senha em uma seção <Directory>, no seu arquivo principal de + configuração do servidor, é a melhor maneira de se implementar + isto, e os arquivos .htaccess devem ser usados apenas + se você não tem acesso ao arquivo principal de configuração do + servidor. Veja acima a discussão sobre quando + você deve e quando não deve usar os arquivos + .htaccess.

+ +

Dito isso, se você ainda acredita que precisa usar um arquivo + .htaccess, a configuração a seguir provavelmente + funcionará para você.

+ +

Conteúdo de um arquivo .htaccess:

+ +

+ AuthType Basic + AuthName "Password Required" + AuthUserFile /www/passwords/password.file + AuthGroupFile /www/passwords/group.file + Require Group admins +

+ +

Note que AllowOverride AuthConfig precisa estar + habilitado para que estas diretrizes tenham efeito.

+ +

Por favor veja o tutorial de + autenticação para uma discussão mais completa sobre + autenticação e autorização.

Exemplo de Server Side Includes

+ +

Outro uso comum de arquivos .htaccess é ativar o + Server Side Includes para um diretório em particular. Isto pode + ser feito com as seguintes diretrizes de configuração, colocadas em + um arquivo .htaccess no diretório desejado:

+ +

+ Options +Includes + AddType text/html shtml + AddHandler server-parsed shtml +

+ +

Note que ambos AllowOverride Options e + AllowOverride FileInfo precisam estar habilitados + para essas diretrizes terem efeito.

+ +

Por favor veja o tutorial de SSI para + uma discussão mais completa sobre server-side includes.

Exemplo de CGI

+ +

Finalmente, você pode querer que um arquivo + .htaccess permita a execução de programas CGI em um + diretório em particular. Isto pode ser implementado com as + seguintes configurações:

+ +

+ Options +ExecCGI + AddHandler cgi-script cgi pl +

+ +

Alternativamente, se você desejar que todos os arquivos de um + dado diretório, sejam considerados programas CGI, isso pode ser + feito com a seguinte configuração:

+ +

+ Options +ExecCGI + SetHandler cgi-script +

+ +

Note que ambos AllowOverride Options e + AllowOverride FileInfo precisam estar habilitados + para que essas diretrizes tenham quaisquer efeito.

+ +

Por favor veja o tutorial de CGI + tutorial para uma discussão mais completa sobre programação + e configuração CGI.

Resolvendo Problemas

+ +

Quando você adiciona diretrizes de configuração em um arquivo + .htaccess, e não obtém o efeito desejado, existe uma + série de pontos que podem estar errados.

+ +

Mais comumente, o problema é que a diretriz AllowOverride não está habilitada + corretamente para que as suas diretrizes de configurações sejam + honradas. Verifique se você não possui AllowOverride + None ajustado para o escopo do arquivo em questão. Um bom + meio de testar isso é colocar "lixo" em seu arquivo + .htaccess e recarregá-lo. Se não for gerado nenhum + erro do servidor, certamente você tem AllowOverride + None habilitado.

+ +

Se, por outro lado, você está obtendo erros do servidor ao + tentar acessar documentos, verifique o registro de erros do + Apache. Ele provavelmente irá indicar que a diretriz usada em + seu arquivo .htaccess não é permitida. + Alternativamente, ele pode acusar erros de sintaxe que você terá + que corrigir.

+ +

Línguas Disponíveis: en | + ja | + ko | + pt-br

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/index.html b/docs/manual/howto/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9ee33086 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +URI: index.html.en +Content-Language: en +Content-type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 + +URI: index.html.ja.euc-jp +Content-Language: ja +Content-type: text/html; charset=EUC-JP + +URI: index.html.ko.euc-kr +Content-Language: ko +Content-type: text/html; charset=EUC-KR diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/index.html.en b/docs/manual/howto/index.html.en new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5e918118 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/index.html.en @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ + + + +How-To / Tutorials - Apache HTTP Server + + + + + +

+Apache > HTTP Server > Documentation > Version 2.2

How-To / Tutorials

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko

How-To / Tutorials

+ + + +

Authentication and Authorization

+ +

See: Authentication, Authorization

+ +

Access Control

Access control refers to the process of restricting, or + granting access to a resource based on arbitrary criteria. There + are a variety of different ways that this can be + accomplished.

+ +

See: Access Control

+ +

Dynamic Content with CGI

+ +

See: CGI: Dynamic Content

+ +

.htaccess files

.htaccess files provide a way to make configuration + changes on a per-directory basis. A file, containing one or more + configuration directives, is placed in a particular document directory, + and the directives apply to that directory, and all subdirectories thereof.

+ +

See: .htaccess files

+ +

Introduction to Server Side Includes

SSI (Server Side Includes) are directives that are placed in + HTML pages, and evaluated on the server while the pages are + being served. They let you add dynamically generated content to + an existing HTML page, without having to serve the entire page + via a CGI program, or other dynamic technology.

+ +

See: Server Side Includes (SSI)

+ +

Per-user web directories

On systems with multiple users, each user can be permitted to have a + web site in their home directory using the UserDir directive. Visitors + to a URL http://example.com/~username/ will get content + out of the home directory of the user "username", out of + the subdirectory specified by the UserDir directive.

+ +

See: User web directories (public_html)

+ +

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/index.html.ja.euc-jp b/docs/manual/howto/index.html.ja.euc-jp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ef8cf41f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/index.html.ja.euc-jp @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ + + + +How-To / ¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë - Apache HTTP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð + + + + + +

+Apache > HTTP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð > ¥É¥¥å¥á¥ó¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó > ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 2.2

How-To / ¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko

This translation may be out of date. Check the + English version for recent changes.

How-To / ¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë

+ + + +

Ç§¾Ú

+ +

»²¾È: Ç§¾Ú¡¢¾µÇ§¡¢¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹À©¸æ

+ +

CGI ¤Ë¤è¤ëÆ°Åª¥³¥ó¥Æ¥ó¥Ä

CGI (Common Gateway Interface) ¤Ï¥¦¥§¥Ö¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤¬³°Éô¤Î¥³¥ó¥Æ¥ó¥Ä + À¸À®¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤È¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÁê¸ßÆ°ºî¤ò¤¹¤ë¤«¤òÄêµÁ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ + ¤½¤Î³°Éô¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ÏÄÌ¾ï CGI ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ä CGI ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ + CGI ¤Ï¥¦¥§¥Ö¥µ¥¤¥È¤ËÆ°Åª¤Ê¥³¥ó¥Æ¥ó¥Ä¤òÄÉ²Ã¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¡¢ + °ìÈÖÃ±½ã¤Ç¤è¤¯»È¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëÊýË¡¤Ç¤¹¡£¤³¤ÎÊ¸½ñ¤Ï Apache ¥¦¥§¥Ö¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ë + CGI ¤òÀßÄê¤·¡¢CGI ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ò½ñ¤»Ï¤á¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥¤¥ó¥È¥í¥À¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¹¡£

+ +

»²¾È: CGI: Æ°Åª¥³¥ó¥Æ¥ó¥Ä

+ +

.htaccess ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë

.htaccess ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥êËè¤ËÀßÄê¤òÊÑ¹¹¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î + ÊýË¡¤òÄó¶¡¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ÀßÄê¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤¬½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¡¢¤¢¤ë¥É¥¥å¥á¥ó¥È + ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ËÃÖ¤«¤ì¤ë¤È¡¢¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ï¤½¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤È + ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ËÅ¬ÍÑ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£

+ +

»²¾È: .htaccess ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë

+ +

Server Side Includes ¥¤¥ó¥È¥í¥À¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó

SSI (Server Side Includes) ¤Ï HTML ¥Ú¡¼¥¸Ãæ¤Ë½ñ¤«¤ì¤ë¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ç¡¢ + ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤¬Á÷¤é¤ì¤ë»þ¤Ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ë¤è¤êÉ¾²Á¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢¥Ú¡¼¥¸Á´ÂÎ¤ò + CGI ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ÇÀ¸À®¤·¤¿¤ê¡¢Â¾¤ÎÆ°Åª¤Êµ»½Ñ¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ê¤¯¡¢´ûÂ¸¤Î HTML + ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ËÆ°Åª¤ËÀ¸À®¤µ¤ì¤¿ÆâÍÆ¤òÉÕ²Ã¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

+ +

»²¾È: Server Side Includes (SSI)

+ +

¥æ¡¼¥¶Ëè¤Î¥¦¥§¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê

Ê£¿ô¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ÎÂ¸ºß¤¹¤ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï UserDir ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ + ¥Û¡¼¥à¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¾å¤Ë¥¦¥§¥Ö¥µ¥¤¥È¤òºîÀ®¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ + URL http://example.com/~username/ ¤òË¬¤ì¤¿¿Í¤Ï + ¥æ¡¼¥¶ "username" ¤Î¥Û¡¼¥à¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î¡¢UserDir ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ç»ØÄê¤µ¤ì¤¿ + ¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤«¤é¥³¥ó¥Æ¥ó¥Ä¤òÆÀ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

+ +

»²¾È: ¥æ¡¼¥¶¥¦¥§¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê (public_html)

+ +

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/index.html.ko.euc-kr b/docs/manual/howto/index.html.ko.euc-kr new file mode 100644 index 00000000..53410a64 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/index.html.ko.euc-kr @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ + + + +How-To / ÅõÅä¸®¾ó - Apache HTTP Server + + + + + +

+Apache > HTTP Server > Documentation > Version 2.2

How-To / ÅõÅä¸®¾ó

°¡´ÉÇÑ ¾ð¾î: en | + ja | + ko

ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â ÃÖ½ÅÆÇ ¹ø¿ªÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. + ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ º¯°æµÈ ³»¿ëÀº ¿µ¾î ¹®¼¸¦ Âü°íÇÏ¼¼¿ä.

How-To / ÅõÅä¸®¾ó

+ + + +

ÀÎÁõ

ÀÎÁõ(authentication)Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ´©±¸¶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À» + È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â ÀýÂ÷ÀÌ´Ù. ±ÇÇÑºÎ¿©(authorization)´Â °¡°í ½ÍÀº + °÷À¸·Î °¡µµ·Ï È¤Àº ¿øÇÏ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾òµµ·Ï Çã¿ëÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù.

+ +

Âü°í: ÀÎÁõ, ±ÇÇÑºÎ¿©, Á¢±ÙÁ¦¾î

+ +

CGI¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ µ¿Àû ÆäÀÌÁö »ý¼º

CGI (Common Gateway Interface)´Â À¥¼¹ö°¡ º¸Åë CGI + ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ È¤Àº CGI ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÇÏ°í ºÎ¸£´Â, (À¥ÆäÀÌÁö ³»¿ëÀ» + ¸¸µå´Â) ¿ÜºÎ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥°ú »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. + À¥»çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼ µ¿ÀûÀÎ ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â °¡Àå ÈçÇÏ°í °£´ÜÇÑ + ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ À¥¼¹ö¿¡ CGI¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» + ¼Ò°³ÇÏ°í, CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÀÛ¼ºÇØº»´Ù.

+ +

Âü°í: CGI: µ¿Àû ÆäÀÌÁö »ý¼º

+ +

.htaccess ÆÄÀÏ

.htaccess ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© µð·ºÅä¸®º°·Î + ¼³Á¤À» º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ ¼³Á¤ Áö½Ã¾î°¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» + Æ¯Á¤ ¹®¼ µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ µÎ¸é, ±× µð·ºÅä¸®¿Í ¸ðµç ÇÏÀ§µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ + Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

Âü°í: .htaccess + ÆÄÀÏ

+ +

Server Side Includes ¼Ò°³

SSI (Server Side Includes)´Â HTML ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â + Áö½Ã¾î·Î, ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ¼ºñ½ºÇÒ¶§ ¼¹ö°¡ Ã³¸®ÇÑ´Ù. SSI¸¦ + »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ³ª ´Ù¸¥ µ¿ÀûÀÎ ±â¼ú·Î ÆäÀÌÁö + ÀüÃ¼¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î¼ ¼ºñ½ºÇÏÁö ¾Ê°íµµ HTML ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡ µ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î + »ý¼ºÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

Âü°í: Server Side Includes (SSI)

+ +

»ç¿ëÀÚº° À¥µð·ºÅä¸®

¿©·¯ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ UserDir Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é + °¢ »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ È¨µð·ºÅä¸® ¾È¿¡ À¥»çÀÌÆ®¸¦ ¸¸µé ¼ö + ÀÖ´Ù. URL http://example.com/~username/¿¡ + Á¢±ÙÇÏ¸é »ç¿ëÀÚ "username"ÀÇ È¨µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡¼ + UserDir + Áö½Ã¾î·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ ÇÏÀ§µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ °¡Á®¿À°Ô + µÈ´Ù.

+ +

Âü°í: »ç¿ëÀÚ À¥µð·ºÅä¸® + (public_html)

+ +

°¡´ÉÇÑ ¾ð¾î: en | + ja | + ko

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/public_html.html b/docs/manual/howto/public_html.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..690c35b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/public_html.html @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +URI: public_html.html.en +Content-Language: en +Content-type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 + +URI: public_html.html.ja.euc-jp +Content-Language: ja +Content-type: text/html; charset=EUC-JP + +URI: public_html.html.ko.euc-kr +Content-Language: ko +Content-type: text/html; charset=EUC-KR diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/public_html.html.en b/docs/manual/howto/public_html.html.en new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b227be48 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/public_html.html.en @@ -0,0 +1,161 @@ + + + +Per-user web directories - Apache HTTP Server + + + + + +

+Apache > HTTP Server > Documentation > Version 2.2 > How-To / Tutorials

Per-user web directories

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko

+ +

Per-user web directories
Setting the file path with UserDir
Restricting what users are permitted to use this + feature
Enabling a cgi directory for each user
Allowing users to alter configuration

Per-user web directories

+ + +

Related Modules	Related Directives
`mod_userdir`	`UserDir` `DirectoryMatch` `AllowOverride`

Setting the file path with UserDir

+ + +

The UserDir + directive specifies a directory out of which per-user + content is loaded. This directive may take several different forms.

+ +

If a path is given which does not start with a leading slash, it is + assumed to be a directory path relative to the home directory of the + specified user. Given this configuration:

+ +

+ UserDir public_html +

+ +

the URL http://example.com/~rbowen/file.html will be + translated to the file path + /home/rbowen/public_html/file.html

+ +

If a path is given starting with a slash, a directory path will be + constructed using that path, plus the username specified. Given this + configuration:

+ +

+ UserDir /var/html +

+ +

the URL http://example.com/~rbowen/file.html will be + translated to the file path /var/html/rbowen/file.html

+ +

If a path is provided which contains an asterisk (*), a path is used + in which the asterisk is replaced with the username. Given this + configuration:

+ +

+ UserDir /var/www/*/docs +

+ +

the URL http://example.com/~rbowen/file.html will be + translated to the file path + /var/www/rbowen/docs/file.html

+ +

Restricting what users are permitted to use this + feature

+ + +

Using the syntax shown in the UserDir documentation, you can restrict + what users are permitted to use this functionality:

+ +

+ UserDir enabled + UserDir disabled root jro fish +

+ +

The configuration above will enable the feature for all users + except for those listed in the disabled statement. + You can, likewise, disable the feature for all but a few users by + using a configuration like the following:

+ +

+ UserDir disabled + UserDir enabled rbowen krietz +

+ +

See UserDir + documentation for additional examples.

+ +

Enabling a cgi directory for each user

+ + +

In order to give each user their own cgi-bin directory, you can use + a <Directory> + directive to make a particular subdirectory of a user's home directory + cgi-enabled.

+ +

+ <Directory /home/*/public_html/cgi-bin/> + Options ExecCGI + SetHandler cgi-script + </Directory> +

+ +

Then, presuming that UserDir is set to + public_html, a cgi program example.cgi + could be loaded from that directory as:

+ +

+ http://example.com/~rbowen/cgi-bin/example.cgi +

+ +

Allowing users to alter configuration

+ + +

If you want to allows users to modify the server configuration in + their web space, they will need to use .htaccess files to + make these changed. Ensure that you have set AllowOverride to a + value sufficient for the directives that you want to permit the users + to modify. See the .htaccess tutorial for + additional details on how this works.

+ +

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/public_html.html.ja.euc-jp b/docs/manual/howto/public_html.html.ja.euc-jp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ea621c6a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/public_html.html.ja.euc-jp @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ + + + +¥æ¡¼¥¶Ëè¤Î¥¦¥§¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê - Apache HTTP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð + + + + + +

+Apache > HTTP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð > ¥É¥¥å¥á¥ó¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó > ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 2.2 > How-To / ¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë

¥æ¡¼¥¶Ëè¤Î¥¦¥§¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko

+ +

Ê£¿ô¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¤¤¤ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ç¤Ï¡¢UserDir ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ + ³Æ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬¥Û¡¼¥à¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¥¦¥§¥Ö¥µ¥¤¥È¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤Ç¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÀßÄê¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬ + ²ÄÇ½¤Ç¤¹¡£URL http://example.com/~username/ ¤òË¬¤ì¤¿¿Í¤Ï + "username" ¤È¤¤¤¦¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î UserDir ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤Ç»ØÄê¤µ¤ì¤¿ + ¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤«¤é¥³¥ó¥Æ¥ó¥Ä¤òÆÀ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

¥æ¡¼¥¶Ëè¤Î¥¦¥§¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê
UserDir ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¤òÀßÄê¤¹¤ë
¥æ¡¼¥¶Ëè¤Î CGI ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê
¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤è¤ëÀßÄêÊÑ¹¹¤òµö²Ä

»²¾È

URL ¤«¤é¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ø¤Î¥Þ¥Ã¥Ô¥ó¥°

¥æ¡¼¥¶Ëè¤Î¥¦¥§¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê

+ + +

´ØÏ¢¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë	´ØÏ¢¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö
`mod_userdir`	`UserDir` `DirectoryMatch` `AllowOverride`

UserDir ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥Ñ¥¹¤òÀßÄê¤¹¤ë

+ + +

+ +

+ +

+ UserDir public_html +

+ +

URL http://example.com/~rbowen/file.html ¤Ï + ¥Ñ¥¹ /home/rbowen/public_html/file.html ¤Ø + ÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£

+ +

+ +

+ UserDir /var/html +

+ +

URL http://example.com/~rbowen/file.html ¤Ï + ¥Ñ¥¹ /var/html/rbowen/file.html ¤ØÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£

+ +

¥¢¥¹¥¿¥ê¥¹¥¯ (*) ¤ò´Þ¤à¥Ñ¥¹¤¬»ØÄê¤µ¤ì¤¿¤È¤¤Ï¡¢¥¢¥¹¥¿¥ê¥¹¥¯¤ò + ¥æ¡¼¥¶Ì¾¤ÇÃÖ´¹¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤¬»ÈÍÑ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÀßÄê¤À¤È:

+ +

+ UserDir /var/www/*/docs +

+ +

URL http://example.com/~rbowen/file.html ¤Ï + ¥Ñ¥¹ /var/www/rbowen/docs/file.html ¤ØÊÑ´¹¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£

+ +

+ + +

+ +

+ UserDir enabled + UserDir disabled root jro fish +

+ +

¾å¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ï dissabled Ê¸¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶°Ê³°¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë + ÂÐ¤·¤Æ UserDir ¤Îµ¡Ç½¤òÍ¸ú¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£Æ±ÍÍ¤Ë¤·¤Æ¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë + ¿ôÌ¾¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶°Ê³°¤ËÂÐ¤·¤Æ¤³¤Îµ¡Ç½¤òÌµ¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹:

+ +

+ UserDir disabled + UserDir enabled rbowen krietz +

+ +

Â¾¤ÎÎã¤Ï UserDir + ¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

+ +

¥æ¡¼¥¶Ëè¤Î CGI ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê

+ + +

¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ËÀìÍÑ¤Î cgi-bin ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤òÍ¿¤¨¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢ + <Directory> + ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Î¥Û¡¼¥à¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î»ØÄê¤µ¤ì¤¿ÎÎ°è¤ËÂÐ¤·¤Æ CGI ¤òÍ¸ú¤Ë + ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

+ +

+ <Directory /home/*/public_html/cgi-bin/> + Options ExecCGI + SetHandler cgi-script + </Directory> +

+ +

¤½¤·¤Æ¡¢UserDir ¤¬ + public_html ¤ËÀßÄê¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È²¾Äê¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢ + ¤½¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î CGI ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à example.cgi + ¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÍÍ¤Ë¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹:

+ +

+ http://example.com/~rbowen/cgi-bin/example.cgi +

+ +

¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤è¤ëÀßÄêÊÑ¹¹¤òµö²Ä

+ + +

¥æ¡¼¥¶¤ËÈà¤é¤Î¥¦¥§¥Ö¶õ´Ö¤Ç¤Î¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ÎÀßÄê¤ÎÊÑ¹¹¤òµö²Ä¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢ + ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ï .htaccess ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò»È¤Ã¤ÆÀßÄê¤òÊÑ¹¹¤¹¤ëÉ¬Í×¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ + AllowOverride ¤ÎÃÍ¤ò + ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤¬ÊÑ¹¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤òµö²Ä¤·¤¿¤¤¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥Æ¥£¥Ö¤ËÂÐ¤·¤Æ½½Ê¬¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ë + ÀßÄê¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³ÎÇ§¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¤³¤Îµ¡Ç½¤¬¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤ÆÆ°ºî¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤« + ¤Î¾ÜºÙ¤Ï .htaccess ¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë ¤òÆÉ¤ó¤Ç + ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

+ +

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/public_html.html.ko.euc-kr b/docs/manual/howto/public_html.html.ko.euc-kr new file mode 100644 index 00000000..359e5d74 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/public_html.html.ko.euc-kr @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ + + + +»ç¿ëÀÚº° À¥µð·ºÅä¸® - Apache HTTP Server + + + + + +

+Apache > HTTP Server > Documentation > Version 2.2 > How-To / Tutorials

»ç¿ëÀÚº° À¥µð·ºÅä¸®

°¡´ÉÇÑ ¾ð¾î: en | + ja | + ko

+ +

¿©·¯ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ UserDir Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é + °¢ »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ È¨µð·ºÅä¸® ¾È¿¡ À¥»çÀÌÆ®¸¦ ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. + URL http://example.com/~username/¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÏ¸é + »ç¿ëÀÚ "username"ÀÇ È¨µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡¼ UserDir Áö½Ã¾î·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ + ÇÏÀ§µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ °¡Á®¿À°Ô µÈ´Ù.

+ +

»ç¿ëÀÚº° À¥µð·ºÅä¸®
UserDir·Î ÆÄÀÏ°æ·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ±â
±â´ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ »ç¿ëÀÚ Á¦ÇÑÇÏ±â
°¢ »ç¿ëÀÚº° cgi µð·ºÅä¸® ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ±â
»ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¼³Á¤À» º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¸¸µé±â

Âü°í

URLÀ» ÆÄÀÏ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ´ëÀÀ

»ç¿ëÀÚº° À¥µð·ºÅä¸®

+ + +

°ü·ÃµÈ ¸ðµâ	°ü·ÃµÈ Áö½Ã¾î
`mod_userdir`	`UserDir` `DirectoryMatch` `AllowOverride`

UserDir·Î ÆÄÀÏ°æ·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ±â

+ + +

+ +

½½·¡½¬·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏÁö¾Ê´Â °æ·Î¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¸é °¢ »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ + È¨µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ »ó´ëÀûÀÎ µð·ºÅä¸® °æ·Î·Î Ã³¸®ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, + ¾Æ·¡ ¼³Á¤ÀÇ °æ¿ì:

+ +

+ UserDir public_html +

+ +

URL http://example.com/~rbowen/file.htmlÀº + ÆÄÀÏ °æ·Î /home/rbowen/public_html/file.htmlÀ» + ¶æÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

½½·¡½¬·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â °æ·Î¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¸é ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ µð·ºÅä¸®¿¡ + »ç¿ëÀÚ¸íÀ» ´õÇÑ µð·ºÅä¸® °æ·Î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¾Æ·¡ + ¼³Á¤ÀÇ °æ¿ì:

+ +

+ UserDir /var/html +

+ +

URL http://example.com/~rbowen/file.htmlÀº + ÆÄÀÏ °æ·Î /var/html/rbowen/file.htmlÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

º°Ç¥ (*)¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ °æ·Î¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¸é º°Ç¥¸¦ »ç¿ëÀÚ¸íÀ¸·Î + ´ëÃ¼ÇÑ °æ·Î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¾Æ·¡ ¼³Á¤ÀÇ °æ¿ì:

+ +

+ UserDir /var/www/*/docs +

+ +

URL http://example.com/~rbowen/file.htmlÀº + ÆÄÀÏ °æ·Î /var/www/rbowen/docs/file.htmlÀ» + ¶æÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

±â´ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ »ç¿ëÀÚ Á¦ÇÑÇÏ±â

+ + +

+ +

+ UserDir enabled + UserDir disabled root jro fish +

+ +

À§ ¼³Á¤Àº disabled ¹®Àå¿¡ ¿°ÅÇÑ »ç¶÷À» + Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ¸ðµç »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô À¥µð·ºÅä¸® ±â´ÉÀ» Çã¶ôÇÑ´Ù. ¶Ç, + ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸î¸î »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ±â´ÉÀ» Çã¶ôÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» + ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù:

+ +

+ UserDir disabled + UserDir enabled rbowen krietz +

+ +

UserDir + ¹®¼¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¿¹µéµµ Âü°íÇÏ¶ó.

+ +

°¢ »ç¿ëÀÚº° cgi µð·ºÅä¸® ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ±â

+ + +

»ç¿ëÀÚ¸¶´Ù cgi-bin µð·ºÅä¸®¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÏ·Á¸é <Directory> Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ + »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÀÚ È¨µð·ºÅä¸®ÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ ÇÏÀ§µð·ºÅä¸®¸¦ cgi °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô + ¸¸µç´Ù.

+ +

+ <Directory /home/*/public_html/cgi-bin/> + Options ExecCGI + SetHandler cgi-script + </Directory> +

+ +

UserDirÀÌ public_htmlÀÌ¶ó°í + °¡Á¤ÇÏ¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ±× ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â cgi ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ + example.cgi¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

+ http://example.com/~rbowen/cgi-bin/example.cgi +

+ +

»ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¼³Á¤À» º¯°æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¸¸µé±â

+ + +

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°¡´ÉÇÑ ¾ð¾î: en | + ja | + ko

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/ssi.html b/docs/manual/howto/ssi.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6142aec8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/ssi.html @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +URI: ssi.html.en +Content-Language: en +Content-type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 + +URI: ssi.html.ja.euc-jp +Content-Language: ja +Content-type: text/html; charset=EUC-JP + +URI: ssi.html.ko.euc-kr +Content-Language: ko +Content-type: text/html; charset=EUC-KR diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/ssi.html.en b/docs/manual/howto/ssi.html.en new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4401f26c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/ssi.html.en @@ -0,0 +1,486 @@ + + + +Apache Tutorial: Introduction to Server Side Includes - Apache HTTP Server + + + + + +

+Apache > HTTP Server > Documentation > Version 2.2 > How-To / Tutorials

Apache Tutorial: Introduction to Server Side Includes

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko

+ +

Server-side includes provide a means to add dynamic content to +existing HTML documents.

Introduction
What are SSI?
Configuring your server to permit SSI
Basic SSI directives
Additional examples
What else can I config?
Executing commands
Advanced SSI techniques
Conclusion

Introduction

Related Modules	Related Directives
`mod_include` `mod_cgi` `mod_expires`	`Options` `XBitHack` `AddType` `SetOutputFilter` `BrowserMatchNoCase`

+ + +

This article deals with Server Side Includes, usually called + simply SSI. In this article, I'll talk about configuring your + server to permit SSI, and introduce some basic SSI techniques + for adding dynamic content to your existing HTML pages.

+ +

In the latter part of the article, we'll talk about some of + the somewhat more advanced things that can be done with SSI, + such as conditional statements in your SSI directives.

+ +

What are SSI?

+ +

The decision of when to use SSI, and when to have your page + entirely generated by some program, is usually a matter of how + much of the page is static, and how much needs to be + recalculated every time the page is served. SSI is a great way + to add small pieces of information, such as the current time. + But if a majority of your page is being generated at the time + that it is served, you need to look for some other + solution.

Configuring your server to permit SSI

+ + +

To permit SSI on your server, you must have the following + directive either in your httpd.conf file, or in a + .htaccess file:

+ Options +Includes +

+ +

This tells Apache that you want to permit files to be parsed + for SSI directives. Note that most configurations contain + multiple Options directives + that can override each other. You will probably need to apply the + Options to the specific directory where you want SSI + enabled in order to assure that it gets evaluated last.

+ +

Not just any file is parsed for SSI directives. You have to + tell Apache which files should be parsed. There are two ways to + do this. You can tell Apache to parse any file with a + particular file extension, such as .shtml, with + the following directives:

+ AddType text/html .shtml + AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml +

+ +

One disadvantage to this approach is that if you wanted to + add SSI directives to an existing page, you would have to + change the name of that page, and all links to that page, in + order to give it a .shtml extension, so that those + directives would be executed.

+ +

The other method is to use the XBitHack directive:

+ XBitHack on +

+ +

XBitHack + tells Apache to parse files for SSI + directives if they have the execute bit set. So, to add SSI + directives to an existing page, rather than having to change + the file name, you would just need to make the file executable + using chmod.

+ chmod +x pagename.html +

+ +

A brief comment about what not to do. You'll occasionally + see people recommending that you just tell Apache to parse all + .html files for SSI, so that you don't have to + mess with .shtml file names. These folks have + perhaps not heard about XBitHack. The thing to + keep in mind is that, by doing this, you're requiring that + Apache read through every single file that it sends out to + clients, even if they don't contain any SSI directives. This + can slow things down quite a bit, and is not a good idea.

+ +

Of course, on Windows, there is no such thing as an execute + bit to set, so that limits your options a little.

+ +

In its default configuration, Apache does not send the last + modified date or content length HTTP headers on SSI pages, + because these values are difficult to calculate for dynamic + content. This can prevent your document from being cached, and + result in slower perceived client performance. There are two + ways to solve this:

+ +

Use the XBitHack Full configuration. This + tells Apache to determine the last modified date by looking + only at the date of the originally requested file, ignoring + the modification date of any included files.
Use the directives provided by + mod_expires to set an explicit expiration + time on your files, thereby letting browsers and proxies + know that it is acceptable to cache them.

Basic SSI directives

+ +

SSI directives have the following syntax:

+  +

+ +

It is formatted like an HTML comment, so if you don't have + SSI correctly enabled, the browser will ignore it, but it will + still be visible in the HTML source. If you have SSI correctly + configured, the directive will be replaced with its + results.

+ +

The element can be one of a number of things, and we'll talk + some more about most of these in the next installment of this + series. For now, here are some examples of what you can do with + SSI

+ +

Today's date

+ +

+  +

+ +

The echo element just spits out the value of a + variable. There are a number of standard variables, which + include the whole set of environment variables that are + available to CGI programs. Also, you can define your own + variables with the set element.

+ +

If you don't like the format in which the date gets printed, + you can use the config element, with a + timefmt attribute, to modify that formatting.

+ +

+  + Today is  +

+ + +

Modification date of the file

+ +

+ This document last modified  +

+ +

This element is also subject to timefmt format + configurations.

+ + +

Including the results of a CGI program

+ +

This is one of the more common uses of SSI - to output the + results of a CGI program, such as everybody's favorite, a ``hit + counter.''

+ +

+  +

+ + +

Additional examples

+ + +

Following are some specific examples of things you can do in + your HTML documents with SSI.

+ +

When was this document +modified?

+ +

Earlier, we mentioned that you could use SSI to inform the + user when the document was most recently modified. However, the + actual method for doing that was left somewhat in question. The + following code, placed in your HTML document, will put such a + time stamp on your page. Of course, you will have to have SSI + correctly enabled, as discussed above.

+  + This file last modified  +

+ +

Of course, you will need to replace the + ssi.shtml with the actual name of the file that + you're referring to. This can be inconvenient if you're just + looking for a generic piece of code that you can paste into any + file, so you probably want to use the + LAST_MODIFIED variable instead:

+  + This file last modified  +

+ +

For more details on the timefmt format, go to + your favorite search site and look for strftime. The + syntax is the same.

+ + +

Including a standard footer

+ + +

If you are managing any site that is more than a few pages, + you may find that making changes to all those pages can be a + real pain, particularly if you are trying to maintain some kind + of standard look across all those pages.

+ +

Using an include file for a header and/or a footer can + reduce the burden of these updates. You just have to make one + footer file, and then include it into each page with the + include SSI command. The include + element can determine what file to include with either the + file attribute, or the virtual + attribute. The file attribute is a file path, + relative to the current directory. That means that it + cannot be an absolute file path (starting with /), nor can it + contain ../ as part of that path. The virtual + attribute is probably more useful, and should specify a URL + relative to the document being served. It can start with a /, + but must be on the same server as the file being served.

+  +

+ +

I'll frequently combine the last two things, putting a + LAST_MODIFIED directive inside a footer file to be + included. SSI directives can be contained in the included file, + and includes can be nested - that is, the included file can + include another file, and so on.

+ + +

What else can I config?

+ + +

In addition to being able to config the time + format, you can also config two other things.

+ +

Usually, when something goes wrong with your SSI directive, + you get the message

+ [an error occurred while processing this directive] +

+ +

If you want to change that message to something else, you + can do so with the errmsg attribute to the + config element:

+  +

+ +

Hopefully, end users will never see this message, because + you will have resolved all the problems with your SSI + directives before your site goes live. (Right?)

+ +

And you can config the format in which file + sizes are returned with the sizefmt attribute. You + can specify bytes for a full count in bytes, or + abbrev for an abbreviated number in Kb or Mb, as + appropriate.

Executing commands

+ + +

I expect that I'll have an article some time in the coming + months about using SSI with small CGI programs. For now, here's + something else that you can do with the exec + element. You can actually have SSI execute a command using the + shell (/bin/sh, to be precise - or the DOS shell, + if you're on Win32). The following, for example, will give you + a directory listing.

+ <pre> +  + </pre> +

+ +

or, on Windows

+ <pre> +  + </pre> +

+ +

You might notice some strange formatting with this directive + on Windows, because the output from dir contains + the string ``<dir>'' in it, which confuses + browsers.

+ +

Note that this feature is exceedingly dangerous, as it will + execute whatever code happens to be embedded in the + exec tag. If you have any situation where users + can edit content on your web pages, such as with a + ``guestbook'', for example, make sure that you have this + feature disabled. You can allow SSI, but not the + exec feature, with the IncludesNOEXEC + argument to the Options directive.

Advanced SSI techniques

+ + +

In addition to spitting out content, Apache SSI gives you + the option of setting variables, and using those variables in + comparisons and conditionals.

+ +

Caveat

+ +

Most of the features discussed in this article are only + available to you if you are running Apache 1.2 or later. Of + course, if you are not running Apache 1.2 or later, you need to + upgrade immediately, if not sooner. Go on. Do it now. We'll + wait.

+ + +

Setting variables

+ +

Using the set directive, you can set variables + for later use. We'll need this later in the discussion, so + we'll talk about it here. The syntax of this is as follows:

+  +

+ +

In addition to merely setting values literally like that, you + can use any other variable, including environment variables or the variables + discussed above (like LAST_MODIFIED, for example) to + give values to your variables. You will specify that something is + a variable, rather than a literal string, by using the dollar sign + ($) before the name of the variable.

+ +

 +

+ +

To put a literal dollar sign into the value of your + variable, you need to escape the dollar sign with a + backslash.

+  +

+ +

Finally, if you want to put a variable in the midst of a + longer string, and there's a chance that the name of the + variable will run up against some other characters, and thus be + confused with those characters, you can place the name of the + variable in braces, to remove this confusion. (It's hard to + come up with a really good example of this, but hopefully + you'll get the point.)

+  +

+ + +

Conditional expressions

+ + +

Now that we have variables, and are able to set and compare + their values, we can use them to express conditionals. This + lets SSI be a tiny programming language of sorts. + mod_include provides an if, + elif, else, endif + structure for building conditional statements. This allows you + to effectively generate multiple logical pages out of one + actual page.

+ +

The structure of this conditional construct is:

+  +  +  +  +

+ +

A test_condition can be any sort of logical + comparison - either comparing values to one another, or testing + the ``truth'' of a particular value. (A given string is true if + it is nonempty.) For a full list of the comparison operators + available to you, see the mod_include + documentation. Here are some examples of how one might use this + construct.

+ +

In your configuration file, you could put the following + line:

+ BrowserMatchNoCase macintosh Mac + BrowserMatchNoCase MSIE InternetExplorer +

+ +

This will set environment variables ``Mac'' and + ``InternetExplorer'' to true, if the client is running Internet + Explorer on a Macintosh.

+ +

Then, in your SSI-enabled document, you might do the + following:

+  + Apologetic text goes here +  + Cool JavaScript code goes here +  +

+ +

Not that I have anything against IE on Macs - I just + struggled for a few hours last week trying to get some + JavaScript working on IE on a Mac, when it was working + everywhere else. The above was the interim workaround.

+ +

Any other variable (either ones that you define, or normal + environment variables) can be used in conditional statements. + With Apache's ability to set environment variables with the + SetEnvIf directives, and other related directives, + this functionality can let you do some pretty involved dynamic + stuff without ever resorting to CGI.

+ +

Conclusion

+ +

SSI is certainly not a replacement for CGI, or other + technologies used for generating dynamic web pages. But it is a + great way to add small amounts of dynamic content to pages, + without doing a lot of extra work.

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko

+ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/manual/howto/ssi.html.ja.euc-jp b/docs/manual/howto/ssi.html.ja.euc-jp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e1d56b97 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/howto/ssi.html.ja.euc-jp @@ -0,0 +1,481 @@ + + + +Apache ¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë: Server Side Includes ÆþÌç - Apache HTTP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð + + + + + +

+Apache > HTTP ¥µ¡¼¥Ð > ¥É¥¥å¥á¥ó¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó > ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó 2.2 > How-To / ¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë

Apache ¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë: Server Side Includes ÆþÌç

Available Languages: en | + ja | + ko

+ +

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+Apache > HTTP Server > Documentation > Version 2.2 > How-To / Tutorials

¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ÅõÅä¸®¾ó: Server Side Includes ¼Ò°³

°¡´ÉÇÑ ¾ð¾î: en | + ja | + ko

+ +

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`mod_include` `mod_cgi` `mod_expires`	`Options` `XBitHack` `AddType` `SetOutputFilter` `BrowserMatchNoCase`

+ + +

ÀÌ ±ÛÀº º¸Åë SSI¶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â Server Side Includes¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. + SSI°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏµµ·Ï ¼¹ö¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý°ú HTML ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡ µ¿ÀûÀÎ + ³»¿ëÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÏ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ SSI »ç¿ë¹ýÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

ÀÌ ±ÛÀÇ µÞºÎºÐÀº SSI Áö½Ã¾î Á¶°Ç¹®°ú °°Àº °í±Þ±â¹ýÀ» + ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.

+ +

SSI°¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎ°¡?

+ +

SSI (Server Side Includes)´Â HTML ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Áö½Ã¾î·Î, + ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ¼ºñ½ºÇÒ¶§ ¼¹ö°¡ Ã³¸®ÇÑ´Ù. SSI¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é CGI + ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ³ª ´Ù¸¥ µ¿ÀûÀÎ ±â¼ú·Î ÆäÀÌÁö ÀüÃ¼¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î¼ + ¼ºñ½ºÇÏÁö ¾Ê°íµµ HTML ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡ µ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î »ý¼ºÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÒ + ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

+ +

SSI¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒÁö ¾Æ´Ï¸é ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î ÆäÀÌÁö ÀüÃ¼¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÒÁö + °áÁ¤Àº ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡¼ Á¤ÀûÀÎ ºÎºÐÀÌ ¸¹ÀºÁö¿Í ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ¼ºñ½ºÇÒ + ¶§¸¶´Ù ¾î´ÀÁ¤µµ¸¦ ´Ù½Ã °è»êÇØ¾ßÇÒÁö¿¡ ´Þ·È´Ù. SSI´Â ÇöÀç + ½Ã°£°ú °°ÀÌ ÀûÀº Á¤º¸¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÏ´Âµ¥ ÁÁ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ + ¼ºñ½ºÇÒ¶§ ÆäÀÌÁöÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» »ý¼ºÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¸é ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀ» + Ã£¾ÆºÁ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

SSI°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏµµ·Ï ¼¹ö ¼³Á¤ÇÏ±â

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+ Options +Includes +

+ +

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+ AddType text/html .shtml + AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml +

+ +

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+ +

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+ XBitHack on +

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+ chmod +x pagename.html +

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±âº» SSI Áö½Ã¾î

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SSI Áö½Ã¾îÀÇ »ç¿ë¹ýÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

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