1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!--
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
-->
<title>Password Formats - Apache HTTP Server</title>
<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" />
<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</p>
<img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div>
<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
<div id="path">
<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.2</a> > <a href="./">Miscellaneous Documentation</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Password Formats</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/misc/password_encryptions.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
</div>
<p>Notes about the password encryption formats generated and understood by
Apache.</p>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#basic">Basic Authentication</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#digest">Digest Authentication</a></li>
</ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="basic" id="basic">Basic Authentication</a></h2>
<p>There are four formats that Apache recognizes for basic-authentication
passwords. Note that not all formats work on every platform:</p>
<dl>
<dt>PLAIN TEXT (i.e. <em>unencrypted</em>)</dt>
<dd>Windows, BEOS, & Netware only.</dd>
<dt>CRYPT</dt>
<dd>Unix only. Uses the traditional Unix <code>crypt(3)</code> function
with a randomly-generated 32-bit salt (only 12 bits used) and the first 8
characters of the password.</dd>
<dt>SHA1</dt>
<dd>"{SHA}" + Base64-encoded SHA-1 digest of the password.</dd>
<dt>MD5</dt>
<dd>"$apr1$" + the result of an Apache-specific algorithm using an
iterated (1,000 times) MD5 digest of various combinations of a
random 32-bit salt and the password. See the APR source file
<a href="http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/apr/apr-util/branches/1.3.x/crypto/apr_md5.c?view=co">apr_md5.c</a>
for the details of the algorithm.</dd>
</dl>
<h3>Generating values with htpasswd</h3>
<div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code>
$ htpasswd -nbm myName myPassword<br />
myName:$apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/
</code></p></div>
<div class="example"><h3>SHA1</h3><p><code>
$ htpasswd -nbs myName myPassword<br />
myName:{SHA}VBPuJHI7uixaa6LQGWx4s+5GKNE=
</code></p></div>
<div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code>
$ htpasswd -nbd myName myPassword<br />
myName:rqXexS6ZhobKA
</code></p></div>
<h3>Generating CRYPT and MD5 values with the OpenSSL
command-line program</h3>
<p>OpenSSL knows the Apache-specific MD5 algorithm.</p>
<div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code>
$ openssl passwd -apr1 myPassword<br />
$apr1$qHDFfhPC$nITSVHgYbDAK1Y0acGRnY0
</code></p></div>
<div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code>
openssl passwd -crypt myPassword<br />
qQ5vTYO3c8dsU
</code></p></div>
<h3>Validating CRYPT or MD5 passwords with the OpenSSL command
line program</h3>
<p>The salt for a CRYPT password is the first two characters (converted to
a binary value). To validate <code>myPassword</code> against
<code>rqXexS6ZhobKA</code></p>
<div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code>
$ openssl passwd -crypt -salt rq myPassword<br />
Warning: truncating password to 8 characters<br />
rqXexS6ZhobKA
</code></p></div>
<p>Note that using <code>myPasswo</code> instead of
<code>myPassword</code> will produce the same result because only the
first 8 characters of CRYPT passwords are considered.</p>
<p>The salt for an MD5 password is between <code>$apr1$</code> and the
following <code>$</code> (as a Base64-encoded binary value - max 8 chars).
To validate <code>myPassword</code> against
<code>$apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/</code></p>
<div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code>
$ openssl passwd -apr1 -salt r31..... myPassword<br />
$apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/
</code></p></div>
<h3>Database password fields for mod_dbd</h3>
<p>The SHA1 variant is probably the most useful format for DBD
authentication. Since the SHA1 and Base64 functions are commonly
available, other software can populate a database with encrypted passwords
that are usable by Apache basic authentication.</p>
<p>To create Apache SHA1-variant basic-authentication passwords in various
languages:</p>
<div class="example"><h3>PHP</h3><p><code>
'{SHA}' . base64_encode(sha1($password, TRUE))
</code></p></div>
<div class="example"><h3>Java</h3><p><code>
"{SHA}" + new sun.misc.BASE64Encoder().encode(java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1").digest(password.getBytes()))
</code></p></div>
<div class="example"><h3>ColdFusion</h3><p><code>
"{SHA}" & ToBase64(BinaryDecode(Hash(password, "SHA1"), "Hex"))
</code></p></div>
<div class="example"><h3>Ruby</h3><p><code>
require 'digest/sha1'<br />
require 'base64'<br />
'{SHA}' + Base64.encode64(Digest::SHA1.digest(password))
</code></p></div>
<div class="example"><h3>C or C++</h3><p><code>
Use the APR function: apr_sha1_base64
</code></p></div>
<div class="example"><h3>PostgreSQL (with the contrib/pgcrypto functions
installed)</h3><p><code>
'{SHA}'||encode(digest(password,'sha1'),'base64')
</code></p></div>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="digest" id="digest">Digest Authentication</a></h2>
<p>Apache recognizes one format for
digest-authentication passwords - the MD5 hash of the string
<code>user:realm:password</code> as a 32-character string of hexadecimal
digits. <code>realm</code> is the Authorization Realm argument to the
<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#authname">AuthName</a></code> directive in
httpd.conf.</p>
<h3>Database password fields for mod_dbd</h3>
<p>Since the MD5 function is commonly available, other software can
populate a database with encrypted passwords that are usable by Apache
digest authentication.</p>
<p>To create Apache digest-authentication passwords in various
languages:</p>
<div class="example"><h3>PHP</h3><p><code>
md5($user . ':' . $realm . ':' .$password)
</code></p></div>
<div class="example"><h3>Java</h3><p><code>
byte b[] = java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5").digest( (user + ":" + realm + ":" + password ).getBytes());<br />
java.math.BigInteger bi = new java.math.BigInteger(1, b);<br />
String s = bi.toString(16);<br />
while (s.length() < 32)<br />
<span class="indent">
s = "0" + s;
</span>
// String s is the encrypted password
</code></p></div>
<div class="example"><h3>ColdFusion</h3><p><code>
LCase(Hash( (user & ":" & realm & ":" & password) , "MD5"))
</code></p></div>
<div class="example"><h3>Ruby</h3><p><code>
require 'digest/md5'<br />
Digest::MD5.hexdigest(user + ':' + realm + ':' + password)
</code></p></div>
<div class="example"><h3>PostgreSQL (with the contrib/pgcrypto functions installed)</h3><p><code>
encode(digest( user || ':' || realm || ':' || password , 'md5'), 'hex')
</code></p></div>
</div></div>
<div class="bottomlang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/misc/password_encryptions.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
</div><div id="footer">
<p class="apache">Copyright 2011 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>
</body></html>
|
