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|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<title>mod_authnz_ldap - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.2</a> > <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
<div id="page-content">
<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_authnz_ldap</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
</div>
<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Allows an LDAP directory to be used to store the database
for HTTP Basic authentication.</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>authnz_ldap_module</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_authnz_ldap.c</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in version 2.1 and later</td></tr></table>
<h3>Summary</h3>
<p>This module provides authentication front-ends such as
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_basic.html">mod_auth_basic</a></code> to authenticate users through
an ldap directory.</p>
<p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> supports the following features:</p>
<ul>
<li>Known to support the <a href="http://www.openldap.org/">OpenLDAP SDK</a> (both 1.x
and 2.x), <a href="http://developer.novell.com/ndk/cldap.htm">
Novell LDAP SDK</a> and the <a href="http://www.iplanet.com/downloads/developer/">iPlanet
(Netscape)</a> SDK.</li>
<li>Complex authorization policies can be implemented by
representing the policy with LDAP filters.</li>
<li>Uses extensive caching of LDAP operations via <a href="mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a>.</li>
<li>Support for LDAP over SSL (requires the Netscape SDK) or
TLS (requires the OpenLDAP 2.x SDK or Novell LDAP SDK).</li>
</ul>
<p>When using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_basic.html">mod_auth_basic</a></code>, this module is invoked
via the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_basic.html#authbasicprovider">AuthBasicProvider</a></code>
directive with the <code>ldap</code> value.</p>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
<ul id="toc">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#authldapbinddn">AuthLDAPBindDN</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#authldapbindpassword">AuthLDAPBindPassword</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#authldapcharsetconfig">AuthLDAPCharsetConfig</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#authldapcomparednonserver">AuthLDAPCompareDNOnServer</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#authldapdereferencealiases">AuthLDAPDereferenceAliases</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#authldapgroupattribute">AuthLDAPGroupAttribute</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#authldapgroupattributeisdn">AuthLDAPGroupAttributeIsDN</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#authldapremoteuserisdn">AuthLDAPRemoteUserIsDN</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#authldapurl">AuthLDAPUrl</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#authzldapauthoritative">AuthzLDAPAuthoritative</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Topics</h3>
<ul id="topics">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#contents">Contents</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#operation">Operation</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#requiredirectives">The require Directives</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#usingtls">Using TLS</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#usingssl">Using SSL</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#frontpage">Using Microsoft
FrontPage with mod_authnz_ldap</a></li>
</ul><h3>See also</h3>
<ul class="seealso">
<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code></li>
<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_basic.html">mod_auth_basic</a></code></li>
<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_user.html">mod_authz_user</a></code></li>
<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_groupfile.html">mod_authz_groupfile</a></code></li>
</ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="contents" id="contents">Contents</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#operation">Operation</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#authenphase">The Authentication
Phase</a></li>
<li><a href="#authorphase">The Authorization
Phase</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#requiredirectives">The require Directives</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#reqvaliduser">require valid-user</a></li>
<li><a href="#requser">require ldap-user</a></li>
<li><a href="#reqgroup">require ldap-group</a></li>
<li><a href="#reqdn">require ldap-dn</a></li>
<li><a href="#reqattribute">require ldap-attribute</a></li>
<li><a href="#reqfilter">require ldap-filter</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
<li><a href="#usingtls">Using TLS</a></li>
<li><a href="#usingssl">Using SSL</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#frontpage">Using Microsoft FrontPage with
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#howitworks">How It Works</a></li>
<li><a href="#fpcaveats">Caveats</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="operation" id="operation">Operation</a></h2>
<p>There are two phases in granting access to a user. The first
phase is authentication, in which the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code>
authentication provider verifies that the user's credentials are valid.
This is also called the <em>search/bind</em> phase. The second phase is
authorization, in which <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> determines
if the authenticated user is allowed access to the resource in
question. This is also known as the <em>compare</em>
phase.</p>
<p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> registers both an authn_ldap authentication
provider and an authz_ldap authorization handler. The authn_ldap
authentication provider can be enabled through the
<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_basic.html#authbasicprovider">AuthBasicProvider</a></code> directive
using the <code>ldap</code> value. The authz_ldap handler extends the
<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#require">Require</a></code> directive's authorization types
by adding <code>ldap-user</code>, <code>ldap-dn</code> and <code>ldap-group</code>
values.</p>
<h3><a name="authenphase" id="authenphase">The Authentication
Phase</a></h3>
<p>During the authentication phase, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code>
searches for an entry in the directory that matches the username
that the HTTP client passes. If a single unique match is found,
then <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> attempts to bind to the
directory server using the DN of the entry plus the password
provided by the HTTP client. Because it does a search, then a
bind, it is often referred to as the search/bind phase. Here are
the steps taken during the search/bind phase.</p>
<ol>
<li>Generate a search filter by combining the attribute and
filter provided in the <code class="directive"><a href="#authldapurl">AuthLDAPURL</a></code> directive with
the username passed by the HTTP client.</li>
<li>Search the directory using the generated filter. If the
search does not return exactly one entry, deny or decline
access.</li>
<li>Fetch the distinguished name of the entry retrieved from
the search and attempt to bind to the LDAP server using the
DN and the password passed by the HTTP client. If the bind is
unsuccessful, deny or decline access.</li>
</ol>
<p>The following directives are used during the search/bind
phase</p>
<table>
<tr>
<td><code class="directive"><a href="#authldapurl">AuthLDAPURL</a></code></td>
<td>Specifies the LDAP server, the
base DN, the attribute to use in the search, as well as the
extra search filter to use.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="directive"><a href="#authldapbinddn">AuthLDAPBindDN</a></code></td>
<td>An optional DN to bind with
during the search phase.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="directive"><a href="#authldapbindpassword">AuthLDAPBindPassword</a></code></td>
<td>An optional password to bind
with during the search phase.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3><a name="authorphase" id="authorphase">The Authorization Phase</a></h3>
<p>During the authorization phase, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code>
attempts to determine if the user is authorized to access the
resource. Many of these checks require
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> to do a compare operation on the
LDAP server. This is why this phase is often referred to as the
compare phase. <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> accepts the
following <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#require">Require</a></code>
directives to determine if the credentials are acceptable:</p>
<ul>
<li>Grant access if there is a <a href="#reqgroup"><code>require ldap-user</code></a> directive, and the
username in the directive matches the username passed by the
client.</li>
<li>Grant access if there is a <a href="#reqdn"><code>require
ldap-dn</code></a> directive, and the DN in the directive matches
the DN fetched from the LDAP directory.</li>
<li>Grant access if there is a <a href="#reqgroup"><code>require ldap-group</code></a> directive, and
the DN fetched from the LDAP directory (or the username
passed by the client) occurs in the LDAP group.</li>
<li>Grant access if there is a <a href="#reqattribute">
<code>require ldap-attribute</code></a>
directive, and the attribute fetched from the LDAP directory
matches the given value.</li>
<li>Grant access if there is a <a href="#reqfilter">
<code>require ldap-filter</code></a>
directive, and the search filter successfully finds a single user
object that matches the dn of the authenticated user.</li>
<li>otherwise, deny or decline access</li>
</ul>
<p>Other <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#require">Require</a></code> values may also be
used which may require loading additional authorization modules.</p>
<ul>
<li>Grant access if there is a <a href="#requser"><code>require
valid-user</code></a> directive. (requires
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_user.html">mod_authz_user</a></code>)</li>
<li>Grant access if there is a <a href="#reqgroup"><code>require group</code></a> directive, and
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_groupfile.html">mod_authz_groupfile</a></code> has been loaded with the
<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_groupfile.html#authgroupfile">AuthGroupFile</a></code>
directive set.</li>
<li>others...</li>
</ul>
<p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> uses the following directives during the
compare phase:</p>
<table>
<tr>
<td><code class="directive"><a href="#authldapurl">AuthLDAPURL</a></code> </td>
<td>The attribute specified in the
URL is used in compare operations for the <code>require
ldap-user</code> operation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="directive"><a href="#authldapcomparednonserver">AuthLDAPCompareDNOnServer</a></code></td>
<td>Determines the behavior of the
<code>require ldap-dn</code> directive.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="directive"><a href="#authldapgroupattribute">AuthLDAPGroupAttribute</a></code></td>
<td>Determines the attribute to
use for comparisons in the <code>require ldap-group</code>
directive.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code class="directive"><a href="#authldapgroupattributeisdn">AuthLDAPGroupAttributeIsDN</a></code></td>
<td>Specifies whether to use the
user DN or the username when doing comparisons for the
<code>require ldap-group</code> directive.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="requiredirectives" id="requiredirectives">The require Directives</a></h2>
<p>Apache's <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#require">Require</a></code>
directives are used during the authorization phase to ensure that
a user is allowed to access a resource. mod_authnz_ldap extends the
authorization types with <code>ldap-user</code>, <code>ldap-dn</code>,
<code>ldap-group</code>, <code>ldap-attribute</code> and
<code>ldap-filter</code>. Other authorization types may also be
used but may require that additional authorization modules be loaded.</p>
<h3><a name="reqvaliduser" id="reqvaliduser">require valid-user</a></h3>
<p>If this directive exists, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> grants
access to any user that has successfully authenticated during the
search/bind phase. Requires that <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_user.html">mod_authz_user</a></code> be
loaded and that the
<code class="directive"><a href="#authzldapauthoritative">AuthzLDAPAuthoritative</a></code>
directive be set to off.</p>
<h3><a name="requser" id="requser">require ldap-user</a></h3>
<p>The <code>require ldap-user</code> directive specifies what
usernames can access the resource. Once
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> has retrieved a unique DN from the
directory, it does an LDAP compare operation using the username
specified in the <code>require ldap-user</code> to see if that username
is part of the just-fetched LDAP entry. Multiple users can be
granted access by putting multiple usernames on the line,
separated with spaces. If a username has a space in it, then it
must be surrounded with double quotes. Multiple users can also be
granted access by using multiple <code>require ldap-user</code>
directives, with one user per line. For example, with a <code class="directive"><a href="#authldapurl">AuthLDAPURL</a></code> of
<code>ldap://ldap/o=Airius?cn</code> (i.e., <code>cn</code> is
used for searches), the following require directives could be used
to restrict access:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
require ldap-user "Barbara Jenson"<br />
require ldap-user "Fred User"<br />
require ldap-user "Joe Manager"<br />
</code></p></div>
<p>Because of the way that <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> handles this
directive, Barbara Jenson could sign on as <em>Barbara
Jenson</em>, <em>Babs Jenson</em> or any other <code>cn</code> that
she has in her LDAP entry. Only the single <code>require
ldap-user</code> line is needed to support all values of the attribute
in the user's entry.</p>
<p>If the <code>uid</code> attribute was used instead of the
<code>cn</code> attribute in the URL above, the above three lines
could be condensed to</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>require ldap-user bjenson fuser jmanager</code></p></div>
<h3><a name="reqgroup" id="reqgroup">require ldap-group</a></h3>
<p>This directive specifies an LDAP group whose members are
allowed access. It takes the distinguished name of the LDAP
group. Note: Do not surround the group name with quotes.
For example, assume that the following entry existed in
the LDAP directory:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
dn: cn=Administrators, o=Airius<br />
objectClass: groupOfUniqueNames<br />
uniqueMember: cn=Barbara Jenson, o=Airius<br />
uniqueMember: cn=Fred User, o=Airius<br />
</code></p></div>
<p>The following directive would grant access to both Fred and
Barbara:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>require ldap-group cn=Administrators, o=Airius</code></p></div>
<p>Behavior of this directive is modified by the <code class="directive"><a href="#authldapgroupattribute">AuthLDAPGroupAttribute</a></code> and
<code class="directive"><a href="#authldapgroupattributeisdn">AuthLDAPGroupAttributeIsDN</a></code>
directives.</p>
<h3><a name="reqdn" id="reqdn">require ldap-dn</a></h3>
<p>The <code>require ldap-dn</code> directive allows the administrator
to grant access based on distinguished names. It specifies a DN
that must match for access to be granted. If the distinguished
name that was retrieved from the directory server matches the
distinguished name in the <code>require ldap-dn</code>, then
authorization is granted. Note: do not surround the distinguished
name with quotes.</p>
<p>The following directive would grant access to a specific
DN:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>require ldap-dn cn=Barbara Jenson, o=Airius</code></p></div>
<p>Behavior of this directive is modified by the <code class="directive"><a href="#authldapcomparednonserver">AuthLDAPCompareDNOnServer</a></code>
directive.</p>
<h3><a name="reqattribute" id="reqattribute">require ldap-attribute</a></h3>
<p>The <code>require ldap-attribute</code> directive allows the
administrator to grant access based on attributes of the authenticated
user in the LDAP directory. If the attribute in the directory
matches the value given in the configuration, access is granted.</p>
<p>The following directive would grant access to anyone with
the attribute employeeType = active</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>require ldap-attribute employeeType=active</code></p></div>
<p>Multiple attribute/value pairs can be specified on the same line
separated by spaces or they can be specified in multiple
<code>require ldap-attribute</code> directives. The effect of listing
multiple attribute/values pairs is an OR operation. Access will be
granted if any of the listed attribute values match the value of the
corresponding attribute in the user object. If the value of the
attribute contains a space, only the value must be within double quotes.</p>
<p>The following directive would grant access to anyone with
the city attribute equal to "San Jose" or status equal to "Active"</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>require ldap-attribute city="San Jose" status=active</code></p></div>
<h3><a name="reqfilter" id="reqfilter">require ldap-filter</a></h3>
<p>The <code>require ldap-filter</code> directive allows the
administrator to grant access based on a complex LDAP search filter.
If the dn returned by the filter search matches the authenticated user
dn, access is granted.</p>
<p>The following directive would grant access to anyone having a cell phone
and is in the marketing department</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>require ldap-filter &(cell=*)(department=marketing)</code></p></div>
<p>The difference between the <code>require ldap-filter</code> directive and the
<code>require ldap-attribute</code> directive is that <code>ldap-filter</code>
performs a search operation on the LDAP directory using the specified search
filter rather than a simple attribute comparison. If a simple attribute
comparison is all that is required, the comparison operation performed by
<code>ldap-attribute</code> will be faster than the search operation
used by <code>ldap-filter</code> especially within a large directory.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="examples" id="examples">Examples</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>
Grant access to anyone who exists in the LDAP directory,
using their UID for searches.
<div class="example"><p><code>
AuthLDAPURL ldap://ldap1.airius.com:389/ou=People, o=Airius?uid?sub?(objectClass=*)<br />
require valid-user
</code></p></div>
</li>
<li>
The next example is the same as above; but with the fields
that have useful defaults omitted. Also, note the use of a
redundant LDAP server.
<div class="example"><p><code>AuthLDAPURL ldap://ldap1.airius.com ldap2.airius.com/ou=People, o=Airius<br />
require valid-user
</code></p></div>
</li>
<li>
The next example is similar to the previous one, but it
uses the common name instead of the UID. Note that this
could be problematical if multiple people in the directory
share the same <code>cn</code>, because a search on <code>cn</code>
<strong>must</strong> return exactly one entry. That's why
this approach is not recommended: it's a better idea to
choose an attribute that is guaranteed unique in your
directory, such as <code>uid</code>.
<div class="example"><p><code>
AuthLDAPURL ldap://ldap.airius.com/ou=People, o=Airius?cn<br />
require valid-user
</code></p></div>
</li>
<li>
Grant access to anybody in the Administrators group. The
users must authenticate using their UID.
<div class="example"><p><code>
AuthLDAPURL ldap://ldap.airius.com/o=Airius?uid<br />
require ldap-group cn=Administrators, o=Airius
</code></p></div>
</li>
<li>
The next example assumes that everyone at Airius who
carries an alphanumeric pager will have an LDAP attribute
of <code>qpagePagerID</code>. The example will grant access
only to people (authenticated via their UID) who have
alphanumeric pagers:
<div class="example"><p><code>
AuthLDAPURL ldap://ldap.airius.com/o=Airius?uid??(qpagePagerID=*)<br />
require valid-user
</code></p></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>The next example demonstrates the power of using filters
to accomplish complicated administrative requirements.
Without filters, it would have been necessary to create a
new LDAP group and ensure that the group's members remain
synchronized with the pager users. This becomes trivial
with filters. The goal is to grant access to anyone who has
a pager, plus grant access to Joe Manager, who doesn't
have a pager, but does need to access the same
resource:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
AuthLDAPURL ldap://ldap.airius.com/o=Airius?uid??(|(qpagePagerID=*)(uid=jmanager))<br />
require valid-user
</code></p></div>
<p>This last may look confusing at first, so it helps to
evaluate what the search filter will look like based on who
connects, as shown below. If
Fred User connects as <code>fuser</code>, the filter would look
like</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>(&(|(qpagePagerID=*)(uid=jmanager))(uid=fuser))</code></p></div>
<p>The above search will only succeed if <em>fuser</em> has a
pager. When Joe Manager connects as <em>jmanager</em>, the
filter looks like</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>(&(|(qpagePagerID=*)(uid=jmanager))(uid=jmanager))</code></p></div>
<p>The above search will succeed whether <em>jmanager</em>
has a pager or not.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="usingtls" id="usingtls">Using TLS</a></h2>
<p>To use TLS, see the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> directives <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html#ldaptrustedclientcert">LDAPTrustedClientCert</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html#ldaptrustedglobalcert">LDAPTrustedGlobalCert</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html#ldaptrustedmode">LDAPTrustedMode</a></code>.</p>
<p>An optional second parameter can be added to the
<code class="directive"><a href="#authldapurl">AuthLDAPURL</a></code> to override
the default connection type set by <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html#ldaptrustedmode">LDAPTrustedMode</a></code>.
This will allow the connection established by an <em>ldap://</em> Url
to be upgraded to a secure connection on the same port.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="usingssl" id="usingssl">Using SSL</a></h2>
<p>To use SSL, see the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> directives <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html#ldaptrustedclientcert">LDAPTrustedClientCert</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html#ldaptrustedglobalcert">LDAPTrustedGlobalCert</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html#ldaptrustedmode">LDAPTrustedMode</a></code>.</p>
<p>To specify a secure LDAP server, use <em>ldaps://</em> in the
<code class="directive"><a href="#authldapurl">AuthLDAPURL</a></code>
directive, instead of <em>ldap://</em>.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="frontpage" id="frontpage">Using Microsoft
FrontPage with mod_authnz_ldap</a></h2>
<p>Normally, FrontPage uses FrontPage-web-specific user/group
files (i.e., the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_file.html">mod_authn_file</a></code> and
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_groupfile.html">mod_authz_groupfile</a></code> modules) to handle all
authentication. Unfortunately, it is not possible to just
change to LDAP authentication by adding the proper directives,
because it will break the <em>Permissions</em> forms in
the FrontPage client, which attempt to modify the standard
text-based authorization files.</p>
<p>Once a FrontPage web has been created, adding LDAP
authentication to it is a matter of adding the following
directives to <em>every</em> <code>.htaccess</code> file
that gets created in the web</p>
<div class="example"><pre>
AuthLDAPURL "the url"
AuthzLDAPAuthoritative off
AuthGroupFile <em>mygroupfile</em>
require group <em>mygroupfile</em>
</pre></div>
<p><code class="directive"><a href="#authzldapauthoritative">AuthzLDAPAuthoritative</a></code>
must be off to allow <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> to decline group
authentication so that Apache will fall back to file
authentication for checking group membership. This allows the
FrontPage-managed group file to be used.</p>
<h3><a name="howitworks" id="howitworks">How It Works</a></h3>
<p>FrontPage restricts access to a web by adding the <code>require
valid-user</code> directive to the <code>.htaccess</code>
files. The <code>require valid-user</code> directive will succeed for
any user who is valid <em>as far as LDAP is
concerned</em>. This means that anybody who has an entry in
the LDAP directory is considered a valid user, whereas FrontPage
considers only those people in the local user file to be
valid. By substituting the ldap-group with group file authorization,
Apache is allowed to consult the local user file (which is managed by
FrontPage) - instead of LDAP - when handling authorizing the user.</p>
<p>Once directives have been added as specified above,
FrontPage users will be able to perform all management
operations from the FrontPage client.</p>
<h3><a name="fpcaveats" id="fpcaveats">Caveats</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>When choosing the LDAP URL, the attribute to use for
authentication should be something that will also be valid
for putting into a <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_file.html">mod_authn_file</a></code> user file.
The user ID is ideal for this.</li>
<li>When adding users via FrontPage, FrontPage administrators
should choose usernames that already exist in the LDAP
directory (for obvious reasons). Also, the password that the
administrator enters into the form is ignored, since Apache
will actually be authenticating against the password in the
LDAP database, and not against the password in the local user
file. This could cause confusion for web administrators.</li>
<li>Apache must be compiled with <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_basic.html">mod_auth_basic</a></code>,
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_file.html">mod_authn_file</a></code> and
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_groupfile.html">mod_authz_groupfile</a></code> in order to
use FrontPage support. This is because Apache will still use
the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_groupfile.html">mod_authz_groupfile</a></code> group file for determine
the extent of a user's access to the FrontPage web.</li>
<li>The directives must be put in the <code>.htaccess</code>
files. Attempting to put them inside <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> or <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> directives won't work. This
is because <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> has to be able to grab
the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_file.html#authgroupfile">AuthGroupFile</a></code>
directive that is found in FrontPage <code>.htaccess</code>
files so that it knows where to look for the valid user list. If
the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> directives aren't in the same
<code>.htaccess</code> file as the FrontPage directives, then
the hack won't work, because <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> will
never get a chance to process the <code>.htaccess</code> file,
and won't be able to find the FrontPage-managed user file.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="AuthLDAPBindDN" id="AuthLDAPBindDN">AuthLDAPBindDN</a> <a name="authldapbinddn" id="authldapbinddn">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Optional DN to use in binding to the LDAP server</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>AuthLDAPBindDN <em>distinguished-name</em></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>AuthConfig</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_authnz_ldap</td></tr>
</table>
<p>An optional DN used to bind to the server when searching for
entries. If not provided, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> will use
an anonymous bind.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="AuthLDAPBindPassword" id="AuthLDAPBindPassword">AuthLDAPBindPassword</a> <a name="authldapbindpassword" id="authldapbindpassword">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Password used in conjuction with the bind DN</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>AuthLDAPBindPassword <em>password</em></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>AuthConfig</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_authnz_ldap</td></tr>
</table>
<p>A bind password to use in conjunction with the bind DN. Note
that the bind password is probably sensitive data, and should be
properly protected. You should only use the <code class="directive"><a href="#authldapbinddn">AuthLDAPBindDN</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="#authldapbindpassword">AuthLDAPBindPassword</a></code> if you
absolutely need them to search the directory.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="AuthLDAPCharsetConfig" id="AuthLDAPCharsetConfig">AuthLDAPCharsetConfig</a> <a name="authldapcharsetconfig" id="authldapcharsetconfig">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Language to charset conversion configuration file</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>AuthLDAPCharsetConfig <em>file-path</em></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_authnz_ldap</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive">AuthLDAPCharsetConfig</code> directive sets the location
of the language to charset conversion configuration file. <var>File-path</var> is relative
to the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</a></code>. This file specifies
the list of language extensions to character sets.
Most administrators use the provided <code>charset.conv</code>
file, which associates common language extensions to character sets.</p>
<p>The file contains lines in the following format:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
<var>Language-Extension</var> <var>charset</var> [<var>Language-String</var>] ...
</code></p></div>
<p>The case of the extension does not matter. Blank lines, and lines
beginning with a hash character (<code>#</code>) are ignored.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="AuthLDAPCompareDNOnServer" id="AuthLDAPCompareDNOnServer">AuthLDAPCompareDNOnServer</a> <a name="authldapcomparednonserver" id="authldapcomparednonserver">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Use the LDAP server to compare the DNs</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>AuthLDAPCompareDNOnServer on|off</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>AuthLDAPCompareDNOnServer on</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>AuthConfig</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_authnz_ldap</td></tr>
</table>
<p>When set, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> will use the LDAP
server to compare the DNs. This is the only foolproof way to
compare DNs. <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> will search the
directory for the DN specified with the <a href="#reqdn"><code>require dn</code></a> directive, then,
retrieve the DN and compare it with the DN retrieved from the user
entry. If this directive is not set,
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> simply does a string comparison. It
is possible to get false negatives with this approach, but it is
much faster. Note the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> cache can speed up
DN comparison in most situations.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="AuthLDAPDereferenceAliases" id="AuthLDAPDereferenceAliases">AuthLDAPDereferenceAliases</a> <a name="authldapdereferencealiases" id="authldapdereferencealiases">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>When will the module de-reference aliases</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>AuthLDAPDereferenceAliases never|searching|finding|always</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>AuthLDAPDereferenceAliases Always</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>AuthConfig</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_authnz_ldap</td></tr>
</table>
<p>This directive specifies when <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> will
de-reference aliases during LDAP operations. The default is
<code>always</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="AuthLDAPGroupAttribute" id="AuthLDAPGroupAttribute">AuthLDAPGroupAttribute</a> <a name="authldapgroupattribute" id="authldapgroupattribute">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>LDAP attributes used to check for group membership</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>AuthLDAPGroupAttribute <em>attribute</em></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>AuthConfig</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_authnz_ldap</td></tr>
</table>
<p>This directive specifies which LDAP attributes are used to
check for group membership. Multiple attributes can be used by
specifying this directive multiple times. If not specified,
then <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> uses the <code>member</code> and
<code>uniquemember</code> attributes.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="AuthLDAPGroupAttributeIsDN" id="AuthLDAPGroupAttributeIsDN">AuthLDAPGroupAttributeIsDN</a> <a name="authldapgroupattributeisdn" id="authldapgroupattributeisdn">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Use the DN of the client username when checking for
group membership</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>AuthLDAPGroupAttributeIsDN on|off</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>AuthLDAPGroupAttributeIsDN on</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>AuthConfig</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_authnz_ldap</td></tr>
</table>
<p>When set <code>on</code>, this directive says to use the
distinguished name of the client username when checking for group
membership. Otherwise, the username will be used. For example,
assume that the client sent the username <code>bjenson</code>,
which corresponds to the LDAP DN <code>cn=Babs Jenson,
o=Airius</code>. If this directive is set,
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> will check if the group has
<code>cn=Babs Jenson, o=Airius</code> as a member. If this
directive is not set, then <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> will
check if the group has <code>bjenson</code> as a member.</p>
</div>
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<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="AuthLDAPRemoteUserIsDN" id="AuthLDAPRemoteUserIsDN">AuthLDAPRemoteUserIsDN</a> <a name="authldapremoteuserisdn" id="authldapremoteuserisdn">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Use the DN of the client username to set the REMOTE_USER
environment variable</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>AuthLDAPRemoteUserIsDN on|off</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>AuthLDAPRemoteUserIsDN off</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>AuthConfig</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_authnz_ldap</td></tr>
</table>
<p>If this directive is set to on, the value of the
<code>REMOTE_USER</code> environment variable will be set to the full
distinguished name of the authenticated user, rather than just
the username that was passed by the client. It is turned off by
default.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="AuthLDAPUrl" id="AuthLDAPUrl">AuthLDAPUrl</a> <a name="authldapurl" id="authldapurl">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>URL specifying the LDAP search parameters</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>AuthLDAPUrl <em>url [NONE|SSL|TLS|STARTTLS]</em></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>AuthConfig</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_authnz_ldap</td></tr>
</table>
<p>An RFC 2255 URL which specifies the LDAP search parameters
to use. The syntax of the URL is</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>ldap://host:port/basedn?attribute?scope?filter</code></p></div>
<dl>
<dt>ldap</dt>
<dd>For regular ldap, use the
string <code>ldap</code>. For secure LDAP, use <code>ldaps</code>
instead. Secure LDAP is only available if Apache was linked
to an LDAP library with SSL support.</dd>
<dt>host:port</dt>
<dd>
<p>The name/port of the ldap server (defaults to
<code>localhost:389</code> for <code>ldap</code>, and
<code>localhost:636</code> for <code>ldaps</code>). To
specify multiple, redundant LDAP servers, just list all
servers, separated by spaces. <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code>
will try connecting to each server in turn, until it makes a
successful connection.</p>
<p>Once a connection has been made to a server, that
connection remains active for the life of the
<code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> process, or until the LDAP server goes
down.</p>
<p>If the LDAP server goes down and breaks an existing
connection, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> will attempt to
re-connect, starting with the primary server, and trying
each redundant server in turn. Note that this is different
than a true round-robin search.</p>
</dd>
<dt>basedn</dt>
<dd>The DN of the branch of the
directory where all searches should start from. At the very
least, this must be the top of your directory tree, but
could also specify a subtree in the directory.</dd>
<dt>attribute</dt>
<dd>The attribute to search for.
Although RFC 2255 allows a comma-separated list of
attributes, only the first attribute will be used, no
matter how many are provided. If no attributes are
provided, the default is to use <code>uid</code>. It's a good
idea to choose an attribute that will be unique across all
entries in the subtree you will be using.</dd>
<dt>scope</dt>
<dd>The scope of the search. Can be either <code>one</code> or
<code>sub</code>. Note that a scope of <code>base</code> is
also supported by RFC 2255, but is not supported by this
module. If the scope is not provided, or if <code>base</code> scope
is specified, the default is to use a scope of
<code>sub</code>.</dd>
<dt>filter</dt>
<dd>A valid LDAP search filter. If
not provided, defaults to <code>(objectClass=*)</code>, which
will search for all objects in the tree. Filters are
limited to approximately 8000 characters (the definition of
<code>MAX_STRING_LEN</code> in the Apache source code). This
should be than sufficient for any application.</dd>
</dl>
<p>When doing searches, the attribute, filter and username passed
by the HTTP client are combined to create a search filter that
looks like
<code>(&(<em>filter</em>)(<em>attribute</em>=<em>username</em>))</code>.</p>
<p>For example, consider an URL of
<code>ldap://ldap.airius.com/o=Airius?cn?sub?(posixid=*)</code>. When
a client attempts to connect using a username of <code>Babs
Jenson</code>, the resulting search filter will be
<code>(&(posixid=*)(cn=Babs Jenson))</code>.</p>
<p>An optional parameter can be added to allow the LDAP Url to override
the connection type. This parameter can be one of the following:</p>
<dl>
<dt>NONE</dt>
<dd>Establish an unsecure connection on the default LDAP port. This
is the same as <code>ldap://</code> on port 389.</dd>
<dt>SSL</dt>
<dd>Establish a secure connection on the default secure LDAP port.
This is the same as <code>ldaps://</code></dd>
<dt>TLS | STARTTLS</dt>
<dd>Establish an upgraded secure connection on the default LDAP port.
This connection will be initiated on port 389 by default and then
upgraded to a secure connection on the same port.</dd>
</dl>
<p>See above for examples of <code class="directive"><a href="#authldapurl">AuthLDAPURL</a></code> URLs.</p>
</div>
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<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="AuthzLDAPAuthoritative" id="AuthzLDAPAuthoritative">AuthzLDAPAuthoritative</a> <a name="authzldapauthoritative" id="authzldapauthoritative">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Prevent other authentication modules from
authenticating the user if this one fails</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>AuthzLDAPAuthoritative on|off</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>AuthzLDAPAuthoritative on</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>AuthConfig</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_authnz_ldap</td></tr>
</table>
<p>Set to <code>off</code> if this module should let other
authentication modules attempt to authenticate the user, should
authentication with this module fail. Control is only passed on
to lower modules if there is no DN or rule that matches the
supplied user name (as passed by the client).</p>
</div>
</div>
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
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<p class="apache">Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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