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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> > <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
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<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_macro</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_macro.html" title="English"> en </a> |
<a href="../fr/mod/mod_macro.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>
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<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provides macros within apache httpd runtime configuration files</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>macro_module</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_macro.c</td></tr></table>
<h3>Summary</h3>
<p>Provides macros within Apache httpd runtime configuration files,
to ease the process of creating numerous similar configuration
blocks. When the server starts up, the macros are expanded using the
provided parameters, and the result is processed as along with the
rest of the configuration file.</p>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
<ul id="toc">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#macro"><Macro></a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#undefmacro">UndefMacro</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#use">Use</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Topics</h3>
<ul id="topics">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#usage">Usage</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#tips">Tips</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
</ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="usage" id="usage">Usage</a></h2>
<p>Macros are defined using <code class="directive"><Macro></code> blocks, which contain the portion of
your configuration that needs to be repeated, complete with variables
for those parts that will need to be substituted.</p>
<p>For example, you might use a macro to define a <code class="directive"><VirtualHost></code> block, in order to define
multiple similar virtual hosts:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
<Macro VHost $name $domain>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName $domain
ServerAlias www.$domain
DocumentRoot /var/www/vhosts/$name
ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/$name.error_log
CustomLog /var/log/httpd/$name.access_log combined
</VirtualHost>
</Macro>
</pre>
<p>Macro names are case-insensitive, like httpd configuration
directives. However, variable names are case sensitive.</p>
<p>You would then invoke this macro several times to create virtual
hosts:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
Use VHost example example.com
Use VHost myhost hostname.org
Use VHost apache apache.org
UndefMacro VHost
</pre>
<p>At server startup time, each of these <code class="directive">Use</code>
invocations would be expanded into a full virtualhost, as
described by the <code class="directive">Macro</code> definition.</p>
<p>The <code class="directive">UndefMacro</code> directive is used so that later
macros using the same variable names don't result in conflicting
definitions.</p>
<p>A more elaborate version of this example may be seen below in the
Examples section.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="tips" id="tips">Tips</a></h2>
<p>Parameter names should begin with a sigil such as <code>$</code>,
<code>%</code>, or <code>@</code>, so that they are clearly
identifiable, and also in order to help deail with interactions with
other directives, such as the core <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#define">Define</a></code> directive. Failure to do so will
result in a warning. Nevertheless, you are encouraged to have a good
knowledge of your entire server configuration in order to avoid reusing
the same variables in different scopes, which can cause confusion.</p>
<p>Parameters prefixed with either <code>$</code> or <code>%</code> are
not escaped. Parameters prefixes with <code>@</code> are escaped in
quotes.</p>
<p>Avoid using a parameter which contains another parameter as a prefix,
(For example, <code>$win</code> and <code>$winter</code>) as this may
cause confusion at expression evaluation time. In the event of such
confusion, the longest possible parameter name is used.</p>
<p>If you want to use a value within another string, it is useful to
surround the parameter in braces, to avoid confusion:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
<Macro DocRoot ${docroot}>
DocumentRoot /var/www/${docroot}/htdocs
</Macro>
</pre>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="examples" id="examples">Examples</a></h2>
<h3>Virtual Host Definition</h3>
<p>A common usage of <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_macro.html">mod_macro</a></code> is for the creation of
dynamically-generated virtual hosts.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
## Define a VHost Macro for repetitive configurations
<Macro VHost $host $port $dir>
Listen $port
<VirtualHost *:$port>
ServerName $host
DocumentRoot $dir
# Public document root
<Directory $dir>
Require all granted
</Directory>
# limit access to intranet subdir.
<Directory $dir/intranet>
Require ip 10.0.0.0/8
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
</Macro>
## Use of VHost with different arguments.
Use VHost www.apache.org 80 /vhosts/apache/htdocs
Use VHost example.org 8080 /vhosts/example/htdocs
Use VHost www.example.fr 1234 /vhosts/example.fr/htdocs
</pre>
<h3>Removal of a macro definition</h3>
<p>It's recommended that you undefine a macro once you've used it. This
avoids confusion in a complex configuration file where there may be
conflicts in variable names.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
<Macro DirGroup $dir $group>
<Directory $dir>
Require group $group
</Directory>
</Macro>
Use DirGroup /www/apache/private private
Use DirGroup /www/apache/server admin
UndefMacro DirGroup
</pre>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Macro" id="Macro"><Macro></a> <a name="macro" id="macro">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Define a configuration file macro</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>
<Macro <var>name</var> [<var>par1</var> .. <var>parN</var>]>
... </Macro></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive">Macro</code> directive controls the definition of
a macro within the server runtime configuration files.
The first argument is the name of the macro.
Other arguments are parameters to the macro. It is good practice to prefix
parameter names with any of '<code>$%@</code>', and not macro names
with such characters.
</p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
<Macro LocalAccessPolicy>
Require ip 10.2.16.0/24
</Macro>
<Macro RestrictedAccessPolicy $ipnumbers>
Require ip $ipnumbers
</Macro>
</pre>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="UndefMacro" id="UndefMacro">UndefMacro</a> <a name="undefmacro" id="undefmacro">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Undefine a macro</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>UndefMacro <var>name</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive">UndefMacro</code> directive undefines a macro
which has been defined before hand.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
UndefMacro LocalAccessPolicy
UndefMacro RestrictedAccessPolicy
</pre>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Use" id="Use">Use</a> <a name="use" id="use">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Use a macro</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Use <var>name</var> [<var>value1</var> ... <var>valueN</var>]
</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive">Use</code> directive controls the use of a macro.
The specified macro is expanded. It must be given the same number of
arguments than in the macro definition. The provided values are
associated to their corresponding initial parameters and are substituted
before processing.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
Use LocalAccessPolicy
...
Use RestrictedAccessPolicy "192.54.172.0/24 192.54.148.0/24"
</pre>
<p>is equivalent, with the macros defined above, to:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
Require ip 10.2.16.0/24
...
Require ip 192.54.172.0/24 192.54.148.0/24
</pre>
</div>
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