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<title>mod_remoteip - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> > <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
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<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_remoteip</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_remoteip.html" title="English"> en </a> |
<a href="../fr/mod/mod_remoteip.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>
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<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Replaces the original client IP address for the connection
with the useragent IP address list presented by a proxies or a load balancer
via the request headers.
</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>remoteip_module</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_remoteip.c</td></tr></table>
<h3>Summary</h3>
<p>This module is used to treat the useragent which initiated the
request as the originating useragent as identified by httpd for the
purposes of authorization and logging, even where that useragent is
behind a load balancer, front end server, or proxy server.</p>
<p>The module overrides the client IP address for the connection
with the useragent IP address reported in the request header configured
with the <code class="directive"><a href="#remoteipheader">RemoteIPHeader</a></code> directive.</p>
<p>Once replaced as instructed, this overridden useragent IP address is
then used for the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code>
<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require ip</a></code>
feature, is reported by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code>, and is recorded by
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_log_config.html">mod_log_config</a></code> <code>%a</code> and <code class="module"><a href="../mod/core.html">core</a></code>
<code>%a</code> format strings. The underlying client IP of the connection
is available in the <code>%{c}a</code> format string.</p>
<div class="warning">It is critical to only enable this behavior from
intermediate hosts (proxies, etc) which are trusted by this server, since
it is trivial for the remote useragent to impersonate another
useragent.</div>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
<ul id="toc">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#remoteipheader">RemoteIPHeader</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#remoteipinternalproxy">RemoteIPInternalProxy</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#remoteipinternalproxylist">RemoteIPInternalProxyList</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#remoteipproxiesheader">RemoteIPProxiesHeader</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#remoteiptrustedproxy">RemoteIPTrustedProxy</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#remoteiptrustedproxylist">RemoteIPTrustedProxyList</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Topics</h3>
<ul id="topics">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#processing">Remote IP Processing</a></li>
</ul><h3>See also</h3>
<ul class="seealso">
<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code></li>
<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code></li>
<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_log_config.html">mod_log_config</a></code></li>
</ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="processing" id="processing">Remote IP Processing</a></h2>
<p>Apache by default identifies the useragent with the connection's
client_ip value, and the connection remote_host and remote_logname are
derived from this value. These fields play a role in authentication,
authorization and logging and other purposes by other loadable
modules.</p>
<p>mod_remoteip overrides the client IP of the connection with the
advertised useragent IP as provided by a proxy or load balancer, for
the duration of the request. A load balancer might establish a long
lived keepalive connection with the server, and each request will
have the correct useragent IP, even though the underlying client IP
address of the load balancer remains unchanged.</p>
<p>When multiple, comma delimited useragent IP addresses are listed in the
header value, they are processed in Right-to-Left order. Processing
halts when a given useragent IP address is not trusted to present the
preceding IP address. The header field is updated to this remaining
list of unconfirmed IP addresses, or if all IP addresses were trusted,
this header is removed from the request altogether.</p>
<p>In overriding the client IP, the module stores the list of intermediate
hosts in a remoteip-proxy-ip-list note, which <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_log_config.html">mod_log_config</a></code>
can record using the <code>%{remoteip-proxy-ip-list}n</code> format token.
If the administrator needs to store this as an additional header, this
same value can also be recording as a header using the directive
<code class="directive"><a href="#remoteipproxiesheader">RemoteIPProxiesHeader</a></code>.</p>
<div class="note"><h3>IPv4-over-IPv6 Mapped Addresses</h3>
As with httpd in general, any IPv4-over-IPv6 mapped addresses are recorded
in their IPv4 representation.</div>
<div class="note"><h3>Internal (Private) Addresses</h3>
All internal addresses 10/8, 172.16/12, 192.168/16, 169.254/16 and 127/8
blocks (and IPv6 addresses outside of the public 2000::/3 block) are only
evaluated by mod_remoteip when <code class="directive"><a href="#remoteipinternalproxy">RemoteIPInternalProxy</a></code>
internal (intranet) proxies are registered.</div>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RemoteIPHeader" id="RemoteIPHeader">RemoteIPHeader</a> <a name="remoteipheader" id="remoteipheader">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Declare the header field which should be parsed for useragent IP addresses</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RemoteIPHeader <var>header-field</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_remoteip</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="#remoteipheader">RemoteIPHeader</a></code> directive triggers
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_remoteip.html">mod_remoteip</a></code> to treat the value of the specified
<var>header-field</var> header as the useragent IP address, or list
of intermediate useragent IP addresses, subject to further configuration
of the <code class="directive"><a href="#remoteipinternalproxy">RemoteIPInternalProxy</a></code> and
<code class="directive"><a href="#remoteiptrustedproxy">RemoteIPTrustedProxy</a></code> directives. Unless these
other directives are used, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_remoteip.html">mod_remoteip</a></code> will trust all
hosts presenting a <code class="directive"><a href="#remoteipheader">RemoteIPHeader</a></code> IP value.</p>
<div class="example"><h3>Internal (Load Balancer) Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RemoteIPHeader X-Client-IP</pre>
</div>
<div class="example"><h3>Proxy Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RemoteIPHeader X-Forwarded-For</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RemoteIPInternalProxy" id="RemoteIPInternalProxy">RemoteIPInternalProxy</a> <a name="remoteipinternalproxy" id="remoteipinternalproxy">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Declare client intranet IP addresses trusted to present the RemoteIPHeader value</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RemoteIPInternalProxy <var>proxy-ip</var>|<var>proxy-ip/subnet</var>|<var>hostname</var> ...</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_remoteip</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="#remoteipinternalproxy">RemoteIPInternalProxy</a></code> directive adds one
or more addresses (or address blocks) to trust as presenting a valid
RemoteIPHeader value of the useragent IP. Unlike the
<code class="directive"><a href="#remoteiptrustedproxy">RemoteIPTrustedProxy</a></code> directive, any IP address
presented in this header, including private intranet addresses, are
trusted when passed from these proxies.</p>
<div class="example"><h3>Internal (Load Balancer) Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RemoteIPHeader X-Client-IP
RemoteIPInternalProxy 10.0.2.0/24
RemoteIPInternalProxy gateway.localdomain</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RemoteIPInternalProxyList" id="RemoteIPInternalProxyList">RemoteIPInternalProxyList</a> <a name="remoteipinternalproxylist" id="remoteipinternalproxylist">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Declare client intranet IP addresses trusted to present the RemoteIPHeader value</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RemoteIPInternalProxyList <var>filename</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_remoteip</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="#remoteipinternalproxylist">RemoteIPInternalProxyList</a></code> directive specifies
a file parsed at startup, and builds a list of addresses (or address blocks)
to trust as presenting a valid RemoteIPHeader value of the useragent IP.</p>
<p>The '<code>#</code>' hash character designates a comment line, otherwise
each whitespace or newline separated entry is processed identically to
the <code class="directive"><a href="#remoteipinternalproxy">RemoteIPInternalProxy</a></code> directive.</p>
<div class="example"><h3>Internal (Load Balancer) Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RemoteIPHeader X-Client-IP
RemoteIPInternalProxyList conf/trusted-proxies.lst</pre>
</div>
<div class="example"><h3>conf/trusted-proxies.lst contents</h3><pre># Our internally trusted proxies;
10.0.2.0/24 #Everyone in the testing group
gateway.localdomain #The front end balancer</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RemoteIPProxiesHeader" id="RemoteIPProxiesHeader">RemoteIPProxiesHeader</a> <a name="remoteipproxiesheader" id="remoteipproxiesheader">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Declare the header field which will record all intermediate IP addresses</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RemoteIPProxiesHeader <var>HeaderFieldName</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_remoteip</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="#remoteipproxiesheader">RemoteIPProxiesHeader</a></code> directive specifies
a header into which <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_remoteip.html">mod_remoteip</a></code> will collect a list of
all of the intermediate client IP addresses trusted to resolve the useragent
IP of the request. Note that intermediate
<code class="directive"><a href="#remoteiptrustedproxy">RemoteIPTrustedProxy</a></code> addresses are recorded in
this header, while any intermediate
<code class="directive"><a href="#remoteipinternalproxy">RemoteIPInternalProxy</a></code> addresses are discarded.</p>
<div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RemoteIPHeader X-Forwarded-For
RemoteIPProxiesHeader X-Forwarded-By</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RemoteIPTrustedProxy" id="RemoteIPTrustedProxy">RemoteIPTrustedProxy</a> <a name="remoteiptrustedproxy" id="remoteiptrustedproxy">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Declare client intranet IP addresses trusted to present the RemoteIPHeader value</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RemoteIPTrustedProxy <var>proxy-ip</var>|<var>proxy-ip/subnet</var>|<var>hostname</var> ...</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_remoteip</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="#remoteiptrustedproxy">RemoteIPTrustedProxy</a></code> directive adds one
or more addresses (or address blocks) to trust as presenting a valid
RemoteIPHeader value of the useragent IP. Unlike the
<code class="directive"><a href="#remoteipinternalproxy">RemoteIPInternalProxy</a></code> directive, any intranet
or private IP address reported by such proxies, including the 10/8, 172.16/12,
192.168/16, 169.254/16 and 127/8 blocks (or outside of the IPv6 public
2000::/3 block) are not trusted as the useragent IP, and are left in the
<code class="directive"><a href="#remoteipheader">RemoteIPHeader</a></code> header's value.</p>
<div class="example"><h3>Trusted (Load Balancer) Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RemoteIPHeader X-Forwarded-For
RemoteIPTrustedProxy 10.0.2.16/28
RemoteIPTrustedProxy proxy.example.com</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RemoteIPTrustedProxyList" id="RemoteIPTrustedProxyList">RemoteIPTrustedProxyList</a> <a name="remoteiptrustedproxylist" id="remoteiptrustedproxylist">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Declare client intranet IP addresses trusted to present the RemoteIPHeader value</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RemoteIPTrustedProxyList <var>filename</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_remoteip</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="#remoteiptrustedproxylist">RemoteIPTrustedProxyList</a></code> directive specifies
a file parsed at startup, and builds a list of addresses (or address blocks)
to trust as presenting a valid RemoteIPHeader value of the useragent IP.</p>
<p>The '<code>#</code>' hash character designates a comment line, otherwise
each whitespace or newline separated entry is processed identically to
the <code class="directive"><a href="#remoteiptrustedproxy">RemoteIPTrustedProxy</a></code> directive.</p>
<div class="example"><h3>Trusted (Load Balancer) Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RemoteIPHeader X-Forwarded-For
RemoteIPTrustedProxyList conf/trusted-proxies.lst</pre>
</div>
<div class="example"><h3>conf/trusted-proxies.lst contents</h3><p><code>
# Identified external proxies;<br />
192.0.2.16/28 #wap phone group of proxies<br />
proxy.isp.example.com #some well known ISP
</code></p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bottomlang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_remoteip.html" title="English"> en </a> |
<a href="../fr/mod/mod_remoteip.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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