import the plan 9 libraries libc (lib9) and libbio into the tree.

remove the dependency on /home/r.

SVN=122482

106 files changed, 9552 insertions, 12 deletions

diff --git a/include/bio.h b/include/bio.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a56e320e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/bio.h
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/include/bio.h
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#ifndef _BIO_H_
+#define _BIO_H_ 1
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+extern "C" { 
+#endif
+
+#ifdef AUTOLIB
+AUTOLIB(bio)
+#endif
+
+#include <sys/types.h>	/* for off_t */
+#include <fcntl.h>	/* for O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY */
+
+typedef	struct	Biobuf	Biobuf;
+
+enum
+{
+	Bsize		= 8*1024,
+	Bungetsize	= 4,		/* space for ungetc */
+	Bmagic		= 0x314159,
+	Beof		= -1,
+	Bbad		= -2,
+
+	Binactive	= 0,		/* states */
+	Bractive,
+	Bwactive,
+	Bracteof,
+
+	Bend
+};
+
+struct	Biobuf
+{
+	int	icount;		/* neg num of bytes at eob */
+	int	ocount;		/* num of bytes at bob */
+	int	rdline;		/* num of bytes after rdline */
+	int	runesize;	/* num of bytes of last getrune */
+	int	state;		/* r/w/inactive */
+	int	fid;		/* open file */
+	int	flag;		/* magic if malloc'ed */
+	off_t	offset;		/* offset of buffer in file */
+	int	bsize;		/* size of buffer */
+	unsigned char*	bbuf;		/* pointer to beginning of buffer */
+	unsigned char*	ebuf;		/* pointer to end of buffer */
+	unsigned char*	gbuf;		/* pointer to good data in buf */
+	unsigned char	b[Bungetsize+Bsize];
+};
+
+#define	BGETC(bp)\
+	((bp)->icount?(bp)->bbuf[(bp)->bsize+(bp)->icount++]:Bgetc((bp)))
+#define	BPUTC(bp,c)\
+	((bp)->ocount?(bp)->bbuf[(bp)->bsize+(bp)->ocount++]=(c),0:Bputc((bp),(c)))
+#define	BOFFSET(bp)\
+	(((bp)->state==Bractive)?\
+		(bp)->offset + (bp)->icount:\
+	(((bp)->state==Bwactive)?\
+		(bp)->offset + ((bp)->bsize + (bp)->ocount):\
+		-1))
+#define	BLINELEN(bp)\
+	(bp)->rdline
+#define	BFILDES(bp)\
+	(bp)->fid
+
+int	Bbuffered(Biobuf*);
+Biobuf*	Bfdopen(int, int);
+int	Bfildes(Biobuf*);
+int	Bflush(Biobuf*);
+int	Bgetc(Biobuf*);
+int	Bgetd(Biobuf*, double*);
+long	Bgetrune(Biobuf*);
+int	Binit(Biobuf*, int, int);
+int	Binits(Biobuf*, int, int, unsigned char*, int);
+int	Blinelen(Biobuf*);
+off_t	Boffset(Biobuf*);
+Biobuf*	Bopen(char*, int);
+int	Bprint(Biobuf*, char*, ...);
+int	Bputc(Biobuf*, int);
+int	Bputrune(Biobuf*, long);
+void*	Brdline(Biobuf*, int);
+char*	Brdstr(Biobuf*, int, int);
+long	Bread(Biobuf*, void*, long);
+off_t	Bseek(Biobuf*, off_t, int);
+int	Bterm(Biobuf*);
+int	Bungetc(Biobuf*);
+int	Bungetrune(Biobuf*);
+long	Bwrite(Biobuf*, void*, long);
+int	Bvprint(Biobuf*, char*, va_list);
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+}
+#endif
+#endif
diff --git a/include/fmt.h b/include/fmt.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..480ccad58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/fmt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#ifndef _FMT_H_
+#define _FMT_H_ 1
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+extern "C" { 
+#endif
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson.
+ *              Copyright (c) 2002 by Lucent Technologies.
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES MAKE ANY
+ * REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <utf.h>
+
+typedef struct Fmt	Fmt;
+struct Fmt{
+	unsigned char	runes;		/* output buffer is runes or chars? */
+	void	*start;			/* of buffer */
+	void	*to;			/* current place in the buffer */
+	void	*stop;			/* end of the buffer; overwritten if flush fails */
+	int	(*flush)(Fmt *);	/* called when to == stop */
+	void	*farg;			/* to make flush a closure */
+	int	nfmt;			/* num chars formatted so far */
+	va_list	args;			/* args passed to dofmt */
+	int	r;			/* % format Rune */
+	int	width;
+	int	prec;
+	unsigned long	flags;
+	char	*decimal;	/* decimal point; cannot be "" */
+
+	/* For %'d */
+	char *thousands;	/* separator for thousands */
+	
+	/* 
+	 * Each char is an integer indicating #digits before next separator. Values:
+	 *	\xFF: no more grouping (or \x7F; defined to be CHAR_MAX in POSIX)
+	 *	\x00: repeat previous indefinitely
+	 *	\x**: count that many
+	 */
+	char	*grouping;		/* descriptor of separator placement */
+};
+
+enum{
+	FmtWidth	= 1,
+	FmtLeft		= FmtWidth << 1,
+	FmtPrec		= FmtLeft << 1,
+	FmtSharp	= FmtPrec << 1,
+	FmtSpace	= FmtSharp << 1,
+	FmtSign		= FmtSpace << 1,
+	FmtApost		= FmtSign << 1,
+	FmtZero		= FmtApost << 1,
+	FmtUnsigned	= FmtZero << 1,
+	FmtShort	= FmtUnsigned << 1,
+	FmtLong		= FmtShort << 1,
+	FmtVLong	= FmtLong << 1,
+	FmtComma	= FmtVLong << 1,
+	FmtByte		= FmtComma << 1,
+	FmtLDouble	= FmtByte << 1,
+
+	FmtFlag		= FmtLDouble << 1
+};
+
+extern	int	(*fmtdoquote)(int);
+
+/* Edit .+1,/^$/ | cfn $PLAN9/src/lib9/fmt/?*.c | grep -v static |grep -v __ */
+int		dofmt(Fmt *f, char *fmt);
+int		dorfmt(Fmt *f, const Rune *fmt);
+double		fmtcharstod(int(*f)(void*), void *vp);
+int		fmtfdflush(Fmt *f);
+int		fmtfdinit(Fmt *f, int fd, char *buf, int size);
+int		fmtinstall(int c, int (*f)(Fmt*));
+int		fmtnullinit(Fmt*);
+void		fmtlocaleinit(Fmt*, char*, char*, char*);
+int		fmtprint(Fmt *f, char *fmt, ...);
+int		fmtrune(Fmt *f, int r);
+int		fmtrunestrcpy(Fmt *f, Rune *s);
+int		fmtstrcpy(Fmt *f, char *s);
+char*		fmtstrflush(Fmt *f);
+int		fmtstrinit(Fmt *f);
+double		fmtstrtod(const char *as, char **aas);
+int		fmtvprint(Fmt *f, char *fmt, va_list args);
+int		fprint(int fd, char *fmt, ...);
+int		print(char *fmt, ...);
+void		quotefmtinstall(void);
+int		quoterunestrfmt(Fmt *f);
+int		quotestrfmt(Fmt *f);
+Rune*		runefmtstrflush(Fmt *f);
+int		runefmtstrinit(Fmt *f);
+Rune*		runeseprint(Rune *buf, Rune *e, char *fmt, ...);
+Rune*		runesmprint(char *fmt, ...);
+int		runesnprint(Rune *buf, int len, char *fmt, ...);
+int		runesprint(Rune *buf, char *fmt, ...);
+Rune*		runevseprint(Rune *buf, Rune *e, char *fmt, va_list args);
+Rune*		runevsmprint(char *fmt, va_list args);
+int		runevsnprint(Rune *buf, int len, char *fmt, va_list args);
+char*		seprint(char *buf, char *e, char *fmt, ...);
+char*		smprint(char *fmt, ...);
+int		snprint(char *buf, int len, char *fmt, ...);
+int		sprint(char *buf, char *fmt, ...);
+int		vfprint(int fd, char *fmt, va_list args);
+char*		vseprint(char *buf, char *e, char *fmt, va_list args);
+char*		vsmprint(char *fmt, va_list args);
+int		vsnprint(char *buf, int len, char *fmt, va_list args);
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+}
+#endif
+#endif
diff --git a/include/libc.h b/include/libc.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2eceaea9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/libc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+/*
+Derived from Inferno include/kern.h and
+Plan 9 from User Space include/libc.h
+
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/include/kern.h
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/include/libc.h
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+	Portions Copyright © 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All rights reserved.
+	Portions Copyright © 2009 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+/*
+ * Lib9 is miscellany from the Plan 9 C library that doesn't
+ * fit into libutf or into libfmt, but is still missing from traditional
+ * Unix C libraries.
+ */
+#ifndef _LIBC_H_
+#define _LIBC_H_ 1
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <utf.h>
+#include <fmt.h>
+
+/*
+ * Begin trimmed down usual libc.h
+ */
+
+#ifndef nil
+#define	nil	((void*)0)
+#endif
+#define	nelem(x)	(sizeof(x)/sizeof((x)[0]))
+
+#ifndef offsetof
+#define offsetof(s, m)	(ulong)(&(((s*)0)->m))
+#endif
+
+extern	char*	strecpy(char*, char*, char*);
+extern  int tokenize(char*, char**, int);
+
+extern  double  p9cputime(void);
+#ifndef NOPLAN9DEFINES
+#define cputime     p9cputime
+#endif
+/*
+ * one-of-a-kind
+ */
+enum
+{
+	PNPROC		= 1,
+	PNGROUP		= 2
+};
+int isInf(double, int);
+
+extern	int	p9atoi(char*);
+extern	long	p9atol(char*);
+extern	vlong	p9atoll(char*);
+extern	double	fmtcharstod(int(*)(void*), void*);
+extern	char*	cleanname(char*);
+extern	int	exitcode(char*);
+extern	void	exits(char*);
+extern	double	frexp(double, int*);
+extern	char*	p9getenv(char*);
+extern	int	p9putenv(char*, char*);
+extern	int	getfields(char*, char**, int, int, char*);
+extern	int	gettokens(char *, char **, int, char *);
+extern	char*	getuser(void);
+extern	char*	p9getwd(char*, int);
+extern	void	p9longjmp(p9jmp_buf, int);
+extern	char*	mktemp(char*);
+extern	int		opentemp(char*);
+extern	void	p9notejmp(void*, p9jmp_buf, int);
+extern	void	perror(const char*);
+extern	int	postnote(int, int, char *);
+extern	double	p9pow10(int);
+extern	char*	searchpath(char*);
+#define p9setjmp(b)	sigsetjmp((void*)(b), 1)
+
+extern	void	sysfatal(char*, ...);
+
+#ifndef NOPLAN9DEFINES
+#define atoi		p9atoi
+#define atol		p9atol
+#define atoll		p9atoll
+#define getenv		p9getenv
+#define	getwd		p9getwd
+#define	longjmp		p9longjmp
+#undef  setjmp
+#define setjmp		p9setjmp
+#define putenv		p9putenv
+#define notejmp		p9notejmp
+#define jmp_buf		p9jmp_buf
+#define pow10		p9pow10
+#define strtod		fmtstrtod
+#define charstod	fmtcharstod
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * system calls
+ *
+ */
+#define	STATMAX	65535U	/* max length of machine-independent stat structure */
+#define	DIRMAX	(sizeof(Dir)+STATMAX)	/* max length of Dir structure */
+#define	ERRMAX	128	/* max length of error string */
+
+#define	MORDER	0x0003	/* mask for bits defining order of mounting */
+#define	MREPL	0x0000	/* mount replaces object */
+#define	MBEFORE	0x0001	/* mount goes before others in union directory */
+#define	MAFTER	0x0002	/* mount goes after others in union directory */
+#define	MCREATE	0x0004	/* permit creation in mounted directory */
+#define	MCACHE	0x0010	/* cache some data */
+#define	MMASK	0x0017	/* all bits on */
+
+#define	OREAD	0	/* open for read */
+#define	OWRITE	1	/* write */
+#define	ORDWR	2	/* read and write */
+#define	OEXEC	3	/* execute, == read but check execute permission */
+#define	OTRUNC	16	/* or'ed in (except for exec), truncate file first */
+#define	OCEXEC	32	/* or'ed in, close on exec */
+#define	ORCLOSE	64	/* or'ed in, remove on close */
+#define	ODIRECT	128	/* or'ed in, direct access */
+#define	ONONBLOCK 256	/* or'ed in, non-blocking call */
+#define	OEXCL	0x1000	/* or'ed in, exclusive use (create only) */
+#define	OLOCK	0x2000	/* or'ed in, lock after opening */
+#define	OAPPEND	0x4000	/* or'ed in, append only */
+
+#define	AEXIST	0	/* accessible: exists */
+#define	AEXEC	1	/* execute access */
+#define	AWRITE	2	/* write access */
+#define	AREAD	4	/* read access */
+
+/* Segattch */
+#define	SG_RONLY	0040	/* read only */
+#define	SG_CEXEC	0100	/* detach on exec */
+
+#define	NCONT	0	/* continue after note */
+#define	NDFLT	1	/* terminate after note */
+#define	NSAVE	2	/* clear note but hold state */
+#define	NRSTR	3	/* restore saved state */
+
+/* bits in Qid.type */
+#define QTDIR		0x80		/* type bit for directories */
+#define QTAPPEND	0x40		/* type bit for append only files */
+#define QTEXCL		0x20		/* type bit for exclusive use files */
+#define QTMOUNT		0x10		/* type bit for mounted channel */
+#define QTAUTH		0x08		/* type bit for authentication file */
+#define QTTMP		0x04		/* type bit for non-backed-up file */
+#define QTSYMLINK	0x02		/* type bit for symbolic link */
+#define QTFILE		0x00		/* type bits for plain file */
+
+/* bits in Dir.mode */
+#define DMDIR		0x80000000	/* mode bit for directories */
+#define DMAPPEND	0x40000000	/* mode bit for append only files */
+#define DMEXCL		0x20000000	/* mode bit for exclusive use files */
+#define DMMOUNT		0x10000000	/* mode bit for mounted channel */
+#define DMAUTH		0x08000000	/* mode bit for authentication file */
+#define DMTMP		0x04000000	/* mode bit for non-backed-up file */
+#define DMSYMLINK	0x02000000	/* mode bit for symbolic link (Unix, 9P2000.u) */
+#define DMDEVICE	0x00800000	/* mode bit for device file (Unix, 9P2000.u) */
+#define DMNAMEDPIPE	0x00200000	/* mode bit for named pipe (Unix, 9P2000.u) */
+#define DMSOCKET	0x00100000	/* mode bit for socket (Unix, 9P2000.u) */
+#define DMSETUID	0x00080000	/* mode bit for setuid (Unix, 9P2000.u) */
+#define DMSETGID	0x00040000	/* mode bit for setgid (Unix, 9P2000.u) */
+
+#define DMREAD		0x4		/* mode bit for read permission */
+#define DMWRITE		0x2		/* mode bit for write permission */
+#define DMEXEC		0x1		/* mode bit for execute permission */
+
+#ifdef RFMEM	/* FreeBSD, OpenBSD */
+#undef RFFDG
+#undef RFNOTEG
+#undef RFPROC
+#undef RFMEM
+#undef RFNOWAIT
+#undef RFCFDG
+#undef RFNAMEG
+#undef RFENVG
+#undef RFCENVG
+#undef RFCFDG
+#undef RFCNAMEG
+#endif
+
+enum
+{
+	RFNAMEG		= (1<<0),
+	RFENVG		= (1<<1),
+	RFFDG		= (1<<2),
+	RFNOTEG		= (1<<3),
+	RFPROC		= (1<<4),
+	RFMEM		= (1<<5),
+	RFNOWAIT	= (1<<6),
+	RFCNAMEG	= (1<<10),
+	RFCENVG		= (1<<11),
+	RFCFDG		= (1<<12)
+/*	RFREND		= (1<<13), */
+/*	RFNOMNT		= (1<<14) */
+};
+
+typedef
+struct Qid
+{
+	uvlong	path;
+	ulong	vers;
+	uchar	type;
+} Qid;
+
+typedef
+struct Dir {
+	/* system-modified data */
+	ushort	type;	/* server type */
+	uint	dev;	/* server subtype */
+	/* file data */
+	Qid	qid;	/* unique id from server */
+	ulong	mode;	/* permissions */
+	ulong	atime;	/* last read time */
+	ulong	mtime;	/* last write time */
+	vlong	length;	/* file length */
+	char	*name;	/* last element of path */
+	char	*uid;	/* owner name */
+	char	*gid;	/* group name */
+	char	*muid;	/* last modifier name */
+
+	/* 9P2000.u extensions */
+	uint	uidnum;		/* numeric uid */
+	uint	gidnum;		/* numeric gid */
+	uint	muidnum;	/* numeric muid */
+	char	*ext;		/* extended info */
+} Dir;
+
+typedef
+struct Waitmsg
+{
+	int pid;	/* of loved one */
+	ulong time[3];	/* of loved one & descendants */
+	char	*msg;
+} Waitmsg;
+
+extern	void	_exits(char*);
+
+extern	void	abort(void);
+extern	long	p9alarm(ulong);
+extern	int	await(char*, int);
+extern	int	awaitfor(int, char*, int);
+extern	int	awaitnohang(char*, int);
+extern	int	p9chdir(char*);
+extern	int	close(int);
+extern	int	p9create(char*, int, ulong);
+extern	int	p9dup(int, int);
+extern	int	errstr(char*, uint);
+extern	int	p9exec(char*, char*[]);
+extern	int	p9execl(char*, ...);
+extern	int	p9rfork(int);
+extern	int	noted(int);
+extern	int	notify(void(*)(void*, char*));
+extern	int	noteenable(char*);
+extern	int	notedisable(char*);
+extern	int	notifyon(char*);
+extern	int	notifyoff(char*);
+extern	int	p9open(char*, int);
+extern	int	fd2path(int, char*, int);
+extern	int	p9pipe(int*);
+extern	long	readn(int, void*, long);
+extern	int	remove(const char*);
+extern	vlong	p9seek(int, vlong, int);
+extern	int	p9sleep(long);
+extern	Waitmsg*	p9wait(void);
+extern	Waitmsg*	p9waitfor(int);
+extern	Waitmsg*	waitnohang(void);
+extern	int	p9waitpid(void);
+extern	ulong	rendezvous(ulong, ulong);
+
+#ifndef NOPLAN9DEFINES
+#define alarm		p9alarm
+#define	dup		p9dup
+#define	exec		p9exec
+#define	execl	p9execl
+#define	seek		p9seek
+#define sleep		p9sleep
+#define wait		p9wait
+#define waitpid		p9waitpid
+#define rfork		p9rfork
+#define create		p9create
+#undef open
+#define open		p9open
+#define pipe		p9pipe
+#define	waitfor		p9waitfor
+#endif
+
+extern	Dir*	dirstat(char*);
+extern	Dir*	dirfstat(int);
+extern	int	dirwstat(char*, Dir*);
+extern	int	dirfwstat(int, Dir*);
+extern	void	nulldir(Dir*);
+extern	long	dirreadall(int, Dir**);
+extern	void	rerrstr(char*, uint);
+extern	char*	sysname(void);
+extern	void	werrstr(char*, ...);
+extern	char*	getns(void);
+extern	char*	get9root(void);
+extern	char*	unsharp(char*);
+
+/* external names that we don't want to step on */
+#ifndef NOPLAN9DEFINES
+#define main	p9main
+#endif
+
+/* compiler directives on plan 9 */
+#define	SET(x)	((x)=0)
+#define	USED(x)	if(x){}else{}
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#	if __GNUC__ >= 3
+#		undef USED
+#		define USED(x) ((void)(x))
+#	endif
+#endif
+
+/* command line */
+extern char	*argv0;
+extern void __fixargv0(void);
+#define	ARGBEGIN	for((argv0?0:(argv0=(__fixargv0(),*argv))),argv++,argc--;\
+			    argv[0] && argv[0][0]=='-' && argv[0][1];\
+			    argc--, argv++) {\
+				char *_args, *_argt;\
+				Rune _argc;\
+				_args = &argv[0][1];\
+				if(_args[0]=='-' && _args[1]==0){\
+					argc--; argv++; break;\
+				}\
+				_argc = 0;\
+				while(*_args && (_args += chartorune(&_argc, _args)))\
+				switch(_argc)
+#define	ARGEND		SET(_argt);USED(_argt);USED(_argc);USED(_args);}USED(argv);USED(argc);
+#define	ARGF()		(_argt=_args, _args="",\
+				(*_argt? _argt: argv[1]? (argc--, *++argv): 0))
+#define	EARGF(x)	(_argt=_args, _args="",\
+				(*_argt? _argt: argv[1]? (argc--, *++argv): ((x), abort(), (char*)0)))
+
+#define	ARGC()		_argc
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+}
+#endif
+#endif	/* _LIB9_H_ */
diff --git a/include/u.h b/include/u.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b7bccb1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/u.h
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space include/u.h
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/include/u.h
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#ifndef _U_H_
+#define _U_H_ 1
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#define __BSD_VISIBLE 1 /* FreeBSD 5.x */
+#if defined(__sun__)
+#	define __EXTENSIONS__ 1 /* SunOS */
+#	if defined(__SunOS5_6__) || defined(__SunOS5_7__) || defined(__SunOS5_8__)
+		/* NOT USING #define __MAKECONTEXT_V2_SOURCE 1 / * SunOS */
+#	else
+#		define __MAKECONTEXT_V2_SOURCE 1
+#	endif
+#endif
+#define _BSD_SOURCE 1
+#define _NETBSD_SOURCE 1	/* NetBSD */
+#define _SVID_SOURCE 1
+#if !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(__OpenBSD__)
+#	define _XOPEN_SOURCE 1000
+#	define _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED 1
+#endif
+#if defined(__FreeBSD__)
+#	include <sys/cdefs.h>
+	/* for strtoll */
+#	undef __ISO_C_VISIBLE
+#	define __ISO_C_VISIBLE 1999
+#	undef __LONG_LONG_SUPPORTED
+#	define __LONG_LONG_SUPPORTED
+#endif
+#define _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE 1
+#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <ctype.h>	/* for tolower */
+
+/*
+ * OS-specific crap
+ */
+#define _NEEDUCHAR 1
+#define _NEEDUSHORT 1
+#define _NEEDUINT 1
+#define _NEEDULONG 1
+
+typedef long p9jmp_buf[sizeof(sigjmp_buf)/sizeof(long)];
+
+#if defined(__linux__)
+#	include <sys/types.h>
+#	if defined(__Linux26__)
+#		include <pthread.h>
+#		define PLAN9PORT_USING_PTHREADS 1
+#	endif
+#	if defined(__USE_MISC)
+#		undef _NEEDUSHORT
+#		undef _NEEDUINT
+#		undef _NEEDULONG
+#	endif
+#elif defined(__sun__)
+#	include <sys/types.h>
+#	include <pthread.h>
+#	define PLAN9PORT_USING_PTHREADS 1
+#	undef _NEEDUSHORT
+#	undef _NEEDUINT
+#	undef _NEEDULONG
+#	define nil 0	/* no cast to void* */
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
+#	include <sys/types.h>
+#	include <osreldate.h>
+#	if __FreeBSD_version >= 500000
+#		define PLAN9PORT_USING_PTHREADS 1
+#		include <pthread.h>
+#	endif
+#	if !defined(_POSIX_SOURCE)
+#		undef _NEEDUSHORT
+#		undef _NEEDUINT
+#	endif
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+#	include <sys/types.h>
+#	include <pthread.h>
+#	define PLAN9PORT_USING_PTHREADS 1
+#	if __GNUC__ < 4
+#		undef _NEEDUSHORT
+#		undef _NEEDUINT
+#	endif
+#	undef _ANSI_SOURCE
+#	undef _POSIX_C_SOURCE
+#	undef _XOPEN_SOURCE
+#	if !defined(NSIG)
+#		define NSIG 32
+#	endif
+#	define _NEEDLL 1
+#elif defined(__NetBSD__)
+#	include <sched.h>
+#	include <sys/types.h>
+#	undef _NEEDUSHORT
+#	undef _NEEDUINT
+#	undef _NEEDULONG
+#elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
+#	include <sys/types.h>
+#	undef _NEEDUSHORT
+#	undef _NEEDUINT
+#	undef _NEEDULONG
+#else
+	/* No idea what system this is -- try some defaults */
+#	include <pthread.h>
+#	define PLAN9PORT_USING_PTHREADS 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef O_DIRECT
+#define O_DIRECT 0
+#endif
+
+typedef signed char schar;
+
+#ifdef _NEEDUCHAR
+	typedef unsigned char uchar;
+#endif
+#ifdef _NEEDUSHORT
+	typedef unsigned short ushort;
+#endif
+#ifdef _NEEDUINT
+	typedef unsigned int uint;
+#endif
+#ifdef _NEEDULONG
+	typedef unsigned long ulong;
+#endif
+typedef unsigned long long uvlong;
+typedef long long vlong;
+
+typedef uint64_t u64int;
+typedef int64_t s64int;
+typedef uint8_t u8int;
+typedef int8_t s8int;
+typedef uint16_t u16int;
+typedef int16_t s16int;
+typedef uintptr_t uintptr;
+typedef intptr_t intptr;
+typedef uint32_t u32int;
+typedef int32_t s32int;
+
+#undef _NEEDUCHAR
+#undef _NEEDUSHORT
+#undef _NEEDUINT
+#undef _NEEDULONG
+
+/*
+ * Funny-named symbols to tip off 9l to autolink.
+ */
+#define AUTOLIB(x)	static int __p9l_autolib_ ## x = 1;
+#define AUTOFRAMEWORK(x) static int __p9l_autoframework_ ## x = 1;
+
+/*
+ * Gcc is too smart for its own good.
+ */
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#	undef strcmp	/* causes way too many warnings */
+#	if __GNUC__ >= 4 || (__GNUC__==3 && !defined(__APPLE_CC__))
+#		undef AUTOLIB
+#		define AUTOLIB(x) int __p9l_autolib_ ## x __attribute__ ((weak));
+#		undef AUTOFRAMEWORK
+#		define AUTOFRAMEWORK(x) int __p9l_autoframework_ ## x __attribute__ ((weak));
+#	else
+#		undef AUTOLIB
+#		define AUTOLIB(x) static int __p9l_autolib_ ## x __attribute__ ((unused));
+#		undef AUTOFRAMEWORK
+#		define AUTOFRAMEWORK(x) static int __p9l_autoframework_ ## x __attribute__ ((unused));
+#	endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+}
+#endif
+#endif
diff --git a/src/clean.bash b/src/clean.bash
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6f5da78d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/clean.bash
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+# license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+for i in lib9 libbio
+do
+	cd $i
+	make clean
+	cd ..
+done
+
+for i in cmd runtime
+do
+	cd $i
+	bash clean.bash
+	cd ..
+done
diff --git a/src/cmd/6a/Makefile b/src/cmd/6a/Makefile
index b92e6204b..4d987c124 100644
--- a/src/cmd/6a/Makefile
+++ b/src/cmd/6a/Makefile
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
 YFLAGS=-d
-CFLAGS=-I/home/r/plan9/include -I$(GOROOT)/include
+CFLAGS=-I$(GOROOT)/include
 BIN=$(HOME)/bin
 O=o
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ YFILES=\
 	a.y\
 
 $(TARG): $(OFILES)
-	cc -o $(TARG) -L/home/r/plan9/lib $(OFILES) -lbio -l9
+	cc -o $(TARG) -L$(GOROOT)/lib $(OFILES) -lbio -l9
 
 $(OFILES): $(HFILES)
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/6c/Makefile b/src/cmd/6c/Makefile
index d12b850c8..df92cee01 100644
--- a/src/cmd/6c/Makefile
+++ b/src/cmd/6c/Makefile
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 # license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-CFLAGS=-I/home/r/plan9/include -I$(GOROOT)/include
+CFLAGS=-I$(GOROOT)/include
 BIN=$(HOME)/bin
 O=o
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ LIB=\
 	../cc/cc.a$O
 
 $(TARG): $(OFILES) $(LIB)
-	cc -o $(TARG) -L/home/r/plan9/lib $(OFILES) $(LIB) -lbio -l9
+	cc -o $(TARG) -L$(GOROOT)/lib $(OFILES) $(LIB) -lbio -l9
 
 $(OFILES): $(HFILES)
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/6g/Makefile b/src/cmd/6g/Makefile
index cff003648..d119820e9 100644
--- a/src/cmd/6g/Makefile
+++ b/src/cmd/6g/Makefile
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 # license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-CFLAGS=-I/home/r/plan9/include -I$(GOROOT)/include
+CFLAGS=-I$(GOROOT)/include
 BIN=$(HOME)/bin
 O=o
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ LIB=\
 	../gc/gc.a$O
 
 $(TARG): $(OFILES) $(LIB)
-	cc -o $(TARG) -L/home/r/plan9/lib $(OFILES) $(LIB) -lbio -l9
+	cc -o $(TARG) -L$(GOROOT)/lib $(OFILES) $(LIB) -lbio -l9
 
 $(OFILES): $(HFILES)
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/6l/Makefile b/src/cmd/6l/Makefile
index 7c15012a0..e87efafc9 100644
--- a/src/cmd/6l/Makefile
+++ b/src/cmd/6l/Makefile
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 # license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-CFLAGS=-I/home/r/plan9/include -I$(GOROOT)/include
+CFLAGS=-I$(GOROOT)/include
 BIN=$(HOME)/bin
 O=o
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ HFILES=\
 
 
 $(TARG): $(OFILES)
-	cc -o $(TARG) -L/home/r/plan9/lib $(OFILES) -lbio -l9
+	cc -o $(TARG) -L$(GOROOT)/lib $(OFILES) -lbio -l9
 
 $(OFILES): $(HFILES)
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/cc/Makefile b/src/cmd/cc/Makefile
index 21cf17d09..e81c2afc0 100644
--- a/src/cmd/cc/Makefile
+++ b/src/cmd/cc/Makefile
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
 YFLAGS=-d
-CFLAGS=-I/home/r/plan9/include -I$(GOROOT)/include
+CFLAGS=-I$(GOROOT)/include
 BIN=$(HOME)/bin
 O=o
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/gc/Makefile b/src/cmd/gc/Makefile
index 73860811e..a67ab17b0 100644
--- a/src/cmd/gc/Makefile
+++ b/src/cmd/gc/Makefile
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
 YFLAGS=-d
-CFLAGS=-I/home/r/plan9/include -I$(GOROOT)/include
+CFLAGS=-I$(GOROOT)/include
 BIN=$(HOME)/bin
 O=o
 
diff --git a/src/lib9/Makefile b/src/lib9/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12b72f01e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+# Copyright 2009 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+# license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+include ../Make.conf
+
+LIB=lib9.a
+
+NUM=\
+	charstod.$O\
+	pow10.$O\
+
+# Could add fmt/errfmt, but we want to pick it up from ./errstr.c instead.
+FMTOFILES=\
+	dofmt.$O\
+	fltfmt.$O\
+	fmt.$O\
+	fmtfd.$O\
+	fmtfdflush.$O\
+	fmtlocale.$O\
+	fmtlock2.$O\
+	fmtnull.$O\
+	fmtprint.$O\
+	fmtquote.$O\
+	fmtrune.$O\
+	fmtstr.$O\
+	fmtvprint.$O\
+	fprint.$O\
+	nan64.$O\
+	print.$O\
+	seprint.$O\
+	smprint.$O\
+	snprint.$O\
+	sprint.$O\
+	strtod.$O\
+	vfprint.$O\
+	vseprint.$O\
+	vsmprint.$O\
+	vsnprint.$O\
+	$(NUM)\
+
+UTFOFILES=\
+	rune.$O\
+	utfecpy.$O\
+	utflen.$O\
+	utfnlen.$O\
+	utfrrune.$O\
+	utfrune.$O\
+	utfutf.$O\
+	runetype.$O\
+
+LIB9OFILES=\
+	_p9dir.$O\
+	_exits.$O\
+	argv0.$O\
+	atoi.$O\
+	await.$O\
+	cleanname.$O\
+	create.$O\
+	dirfstat.$O\
+	dirfwstat.$O\
+	dirstat.$O\
+	dirwstat.$O\
+	dup.$O\
+	errstr.$O\
+	exec.$O\
+	execl.$O\
+	exitcode.$O\
+	exits.$O\
+	getenv.$O\
+	getfields.$O\
+	getuser.$O\
+	getwd.$O\
+	jmp.$O\
+	main.$O\
+	nan.$O\
+	notify.$O\
+	nulldir.$O\
+	open.$O\
+	pipe.$O\
+	readn.$O\
+	rfork.$O\
+	seek.$O\
+	strecpy.$O\
+	sysfatal.$O\
+	time.$O\
+	tokenize.$O\
+
+OFILES=\
+	$(LIB9OFILES)\
+	$(FMTOFILES)\
+	$(UTFOFILES)\
+
+HFILES=\
+	$(GOROOT)/include/u.h\
+	$(GOROOT)/include/libc.h\
+
+install: $(LIB)
+	cp $(LIB) $(GOROOT)/lib
+
+$(LIB): $(OFILES)
+	ar rsc $(LIB) $(OFILES)
+
+%.$O: fmt/%.c
+	$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -DPLAN9PORT -Ifmt $<
+
+%.$O: utf/%.c
+	$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $<
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.$O *.6 6.out $(LIB)
+
+nuke: clean
+	rm -f $(GOROOT)/lib/$(LIB)
+
+#XLIB=$PLAN9/lib/$LIB
+
+#testfmt: testfmt.$O $XLIB
+#	$LD -o $target testfmt.$O
+
+#testfltfmt: testfltfmt.$O $XLIB
+#	$LD -o $target testfltfmt.$O
+
+#testprint: testprint.$O $XLIB
+#	$LD -o $target testprint.$O
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/_exits.c b/src/lib9/_exits.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea8ea74e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/_exits.c
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/_exits.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/_exits.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+void
+_exits(char *s)
+{
+	if(s == 0 || *s == 0)
+		_exit(0);
+	_exit(exitcode(s));
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/_p9dir.c b/src/lib9/_p9dir.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c1aa6582
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/_p9dir.c
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/_p9dir.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/_p9dir.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <u.h>
+#define NOPLAN9DEFINES
+#include <libc.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <grp.h>
+
+#if defined(__FreeBSD__)
+#include <sys/disk.h>
+#include <sys/disklabel.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__OpenBSD__)
+#include <sys/disklabel.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#define _HAVEDISKLABEL
+static int diskdev[] = {
+	151,	/* aacd */
+	116,	/* ad */
+	157,	/* ar */
+	118,	/* afd */
+	133,	/* amrd */
+	13,	/* da */
+	102,	/* fla */
+	109,	/* idad */
+	95,	/* md */
+	131,	/* mlxd */
+	168,	/* pst */
+	147,	/* twed */
+	43,	/* vn */
+	3,	/* wd */
+	87,	/* wfd */
+	4,	/* da on FreeBSD 5 */
+};
+static int
+isdisk(struct stat *st)
+{
+	int i, dev;
+
+	if(!S_ISCHR(st->st_mode))
+		return 0;
+	dev = major(st->st_rdev);
+	for(i=0; i<nelem(diskdev); i++)
+		if(diskdev[i] == dev)
+			return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__FreeBSD__)	/* maybe OpenBSD too? */
+char *diskdev[] = {
+	"aacd",
+	"ad",
+	"ar",
+	"afd",
+	"amrd",
+	"da",
+	"fla",
+	"idad",
+	"md",
+	"mlxd",
+	"pst",
+	"twed",
+	"vn",
+	"wd",
+	"wfd",
+	"da",
+};
+static int
+isdisk(struct stat *st)
+{
+	char *name;
+	int i, len;
+
+	if(!S_ISCHR(st->st_mode))
+		return 0;
+	name = devname(st->st_rdev, S_IFCHR);
+	for(i=0; i<nelem(diskdev); i++){
+		len = strlen(diskdev[i]);
+		if(strncmp(diskdev[i], name, len) == 0 && isdigit((uchar)name[len]))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(__linux__)
+#include <linux/hdreg.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#undef major
+#define major(dev) ((int)(((dev) >> 8) & 0xff))
+static vlong
+disksize(int fd, int dev)
+{
+	u64int u64;
+	long l;
+	struct hd_geometry geo;
+
+	memset(&geo, 0, sizeof geo);
+	l = 0;
+	u64 = 0;
+#ifdef BLKGETSIZE64
+	if(ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE64, &u64) >= 0)
+		return u64;
+#endif
+	if(ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &l) >= 0)
+		return l*512;
+	if(ioctl(fd, HDIO_GETGEO, &geo) >= 0)
+		return (vlong)geo.heads*geo.sectors*geo.cylinders*512;
+	return 0;
+}
+#define _HAVEDISKSIZE
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(__linux__) && !defined(__sun__)
+#define _HAVESTGEN
+#endif
+
+int _p9usepwlibrary = 1;
+/*
+ * Caching the last group and passwd looked up is
+ * a significant win (stupidly enough) on most systems.
+ * It's not safe for threaded programs, but neither is using
+ * getpwnam in the first place, so I'm not too worried.
+ */
+int
+_p9dir(struct stat *lst, struct stat *st, char *name, Dir *d, char **str, char *estr)
+{
+	char *s;
+	char tmp[20];
+	static struct group *g;
+	static struct passwd *p;
+	static int gid, uid;
+	int sz, fd;
+
+	fd = -1;
+	USED(fd);
+	sz = 0;
+	if(d)
+		memset(d, 0, sizeof *d);
+
+	/* name */
+	s = strrchr(name, '/');
+	if(s)
+		s++;
+	if(!s || !*s)
+		s = name;
+	if(*s == '/')
+		s++;
+	if(*s == 0)
+		s = "/";
+	if(d){
+		if(*str + strlen(s)+1 > estr)
+			d->name = "oops";
+		else{
+			strcpy(*str, s);
+			d->name = *str;
+			*str += strlen(*str)+1;
+		}
+	}
+	sz += strlen(s)+1;
+
+	/* user */
+	if(p && st->st_uid == uid && p->pw_uid == uid)
+		;
+	else if(_p9usepwlibrary){
+		p = getpwuid(st->st_uid);
+		uid = st->st_uid;
+	}
+	if(p == nil || st->st_uid != uid || p->pw_uid != uid){
+		snprint(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%d", (int)st->st_uid);
+		s = tmp;
+	}else
+		s = p->pw_name;
+	sz += strlen(s)+1;
+	if(d){
+		if(*str+strlen(s)+1 > estr)
+			d->uid = "oops";
+		else{
+			strcpy(*str, s);
+			d->uid = *str;
+			*str += strlen(*str)+1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* group */
+	if(g && st->st_gid == gid && g->gr_gid == gid)
+		;
+	else if(_p9usepwlibrary){
+		g = getgrgid(st->st_gid);
+		gid = st->st_gid;
+	}
+	if(g == nil || st->st_gid != gid || g->gr_gid != gid){
+		snprint(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%d", (int)st->st_gid);
+		s = tmp;
+	}else
+		s = g->gr_name;
+	sz += strlen(s)+1;
+	if(d){
+		if(*str + strlen(s)+1 > estr)
+			d->gid = "oops";
+		else{
+			strcpy(*str, s);
+			d->gid = *str;
+			*str += strlen(*str)+1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if(d){
+		d->type = 'M';
+
+		d->muid = "";
+		d->qid.path = ((uvlong)st->st_dev<<32) | st->st_ino;
+#ifdef _HAVESTGEN
+		d->qid.vers = st->st_gen;
+#endif
+		if(d->qid.vers == 0)
+			d->qid.vers = st->st_mtime + st->st_ctime;
+		d->mode = st->st_mode&0777;
+		d->atime = st->st_atime;
+		d->mtime = st->st_mtime;
+		d->length = st->st_size;
+
+		if(S_ISDIR(st->st_mode)){
+			d->length = 0;
+			d->mode |= DMDIR;
+			d->qid.type = QTDIR;
+		}
+		if(S_ISLNK(lst->st_mode))	/* yes, lst not st */
+			d->mode |= DMSYMLINK;
+		if(S_ISFIFO(st->st_mode))
+			d->mode |= DMNAMEDPIPE;
+		if(S_ISSOCK(st->st_mode))
+			d->mode |= DMSOCKET;
+		if(S_ISBLK(st->st_mode)){
+			d->mode |= DMDEVICE;
+			d->qid.path = ('b'<<16)|st->st_rdev;
+		}
+		if(S_ISCHR(st->st_mode)){
+			d->mode |= DMDEVICE;
+			d->qid.path = ('c'<<16)|st->st_rdev;
+		}
+		/* fetch real size for disks */
+#ifdef _HAVEDISKSIZE
+		if(S_ISBLK(st->st_mode) && (fd = open(name, O_RDONLY)) >= 0){
+			d->length = disksize(fd, major(st->st_dev));
+			close(fd);
+		}
+#endif
+#if defined(DIOCGMEDIASIZE)
+		if(isdisk(st)){
+			int fd;
+			off_t mediasize;
+
+			if((fd = open(name, O_RDONLY)) >= 0){
+				if(ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize) >= 0)
+					d->length = mediasize;
+				close(fd);
+			}
+		}
+#elif defined(_HAVEDISKLABEL)
+		if(isdisk(st)){
+			int fd, n;
+			struct disklabel lab;
+
+			if((fd = open(name, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
+				goto nosize;
+			if(ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &lab) < 0)
+				goto nosize;
+			n = minor(st->st_rdev)&7;
+			if(n >= lab.d_npartitions)
+				goto nosize;
+
+			d->length = (vlong)(lab.d_partitions[n].p_size) * lab.d_secsize;
+
+		nosize:
+			if(fd >= 0)
+				close(fd);
+		}
+#endif
+	}
+
+	return sz;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/argv0.c b/src/lib9/argv0.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f109efde0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/argv0.c
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/argv0.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/argv0.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <lib9.h>
+
+char *argv0;
+
+/*
+ * Mac OS can't deal with files that only declare data.
+ * ARGBEGIN mentions this function so that this file gets pulled in.
+ */
+void __fixargv0(void) { }
diff --git a/src/lib9/atoi.c b/src/lib9/atoi.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37a178280
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/atoi.c
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/ato*.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/atoi.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+int
+atoi(char *s)
+{
+	return strtol(s, 0, 0);
+}
+
+long
+atol(char *s)
+{
+	return strtol(s, 0, 0);
+}
+
+vlong
+atoll(char *s)
+{
+	return strtoll(s, 0, 0);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/await.c b/src/lib9/await.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..90be598a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/await.c
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/await.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/await.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+Portions Copyright 2009 The Go Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#define NOPLAN9DEFINES
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+
+#ifndef WCOREDUMP	/* not on Mac OS X Tiger */
+#define WCOREDUMP(status) 0
+#endif
+
+static struct {
+	int sig;
+	char *str;
+} tab[] = {
+	SIGHUP,		"hangup",
+	SIGINT,		"interrupt",
+	SIGQUIT,		"quit",
+	SIGILL,		"sys: illegal instruction",
+	SIGTRAP,		"sys: breakpoint",
+	SIGABRT,		"sys: abort",
+#ifdef SIGEMT
+	SIGEMT,		"sys: emulate instruction executed",
+#endif
+	SIGFPE,		"sys: fp: trap",
+	SIGKILL,		"sys: kill",
+	SIGBUS,		"sys: bus error",
+	SIGSEGV,		"sys: segmentation violation",
+	SIGALRM,		"alarm",
+	SIGTERM,		"kill",
+	SIGURG,		"sys: urgent condition on socket",
+	SIGSTOP,		"sys: stop",
+	SIGTSTP,		"sys: tstp",
+	SIGCONT,		"sys: cont",
+	SIGCHLD,		"sys: child",
+	SIGTTIN,		"sys: ttin",
+	SIGTTOU,		"sys: ttou",
+#ifdef SIGIO	/* not on Mac OS X Tiger */
+	SIGIO,		"sys: i/o possible on fd",
+#endif
+	SIGXCPU,		"sys: cpu time limit exceeded",
+	SIGXFSZ,		"sys: file size limit exceeded",
+	SIGVTALRM,	"sys: virtual time alarm",
+	SIGPROF,		"sys: profiling timer alarm",
+#ifdef SIGWINCH	/* not on Mac OS X Tiger */
+	SIGWINCH,	"sys: window size change",
+#endif
+#ifdef SIGINFO
+	SIGINFO,		"sys: status request",
+#endif
+	SIGUSR1,		"sys: usr1",
+	SIGUSR2,		"sys: usr2",
+	SIGPIPE,		"sys: write on closed pipe",
+};
+
+char*
+_p9sigstr(int sig, char *tmp)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for(i=0; i<nelem(tab); i++)
+		if(tab[i].sig == sig)
+			return tab[i].str;
+	if(tmp == nil)
+		return nil;
+	sprint(tmp, "sys: signal %d", sig);
+	return tmp;
+}
+
+int
+_p9strsig(char *s)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for(i=0; i<nelem(tab); i++)
+		if(strcmp(s, tab[i].str) == 0)
+			return tab[i].sig;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static Waitmsg*
+_wait(int pid4, int opt)
+{
+	int pid, status, cd;
+	struct rusage ru;
+	char tmp[64];
+	ulong u, s;
+	Waitmsg *w;
+
+	w = malloc(sizeof *w + 200);
+	if(w == nil)
+		return nil;
+	memset(w, 0, sizeof *w);
+	w->msg = (char*)&w[1];
+
+	for(;;){
+		/* On Linux, pid==-1 means anyone; on SunOS, it's pid==0. */
+		if(pid4 == -1)
+			pid = wait3(&status, opt, &ru);
+		else
+			pid = wait4(pid4, &status, opt, &ru);
+		if(pid <= 0) {
+			free(w);
+			return nil;
+		}
+		u = ru.ru_utime.tv_sec*1000+((ru.ru_utime.tv_usec+500)/1000);
+		s = ru.ru_stime.tv_sec*1000+((ru.ru_stime.tv_usec+500)/1000);
+		w->pid = pid;
+		w->time[0] = u;
+		w->time[1] = s;
+		w->time[2] = u+s;
+		if(WIFEXITED(status)){
+			if(status)
+				sprint(w->msg, "%d", status);
+			return w;
+		}
+		if(WIFSIGNALED(status)){
+			cd = WCOREDUMP(status);
+			sprint(w->msg, "signal: %s", _p9sigstr(WTERMSIG(status), tmp));
+			if(cd)
+				strcat(w->msg, " (core dumped)");
+			return w;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+Waitmsg*
+p9wait(void)
+{
+	return _wait(-1, 0);
+}
+
+Waitmsg*
+p9waitfor(int pid)
+{
+	return _wait(pid, 0);
+}
+
+Waitmsg*
+p9waitnohang(void)
+{
+	return _wait(-1, WNOHANG);
+}
+
+int
+p9waitpid(void)
+{
+	int status;
+	return wait(&status);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/cleanname.c b/src/lib9/cleanname.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fee40388f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/cleanname.c
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+Inferno libkern/cleanname.c
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/libkern/cleanname.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+/*
+ * In place, rewrite name to compress multiple /, eliminate ., and process ..
+ */
+#define SEP(x)	((x)=='/' || (x) == 0)
+char*
+cleanname(char *name)
+{
+	char *p, *q, *dotdot;
+	int rooted;
+
+	rooted = name[0] == '/';
+
+	/*
+	 * invariants:
+	 *	p points at beginning of path element we're considering.
+	 *	q points just past the last path element we wrote (no slash).
+	 *	dotdot points just past the point where .. cannot backtrack
+	 *		any further (no slash).
+	 */
+	p = q = dotdot = name+rooted;
+	while(*p) {
+		if(p[0] == '/')	/* null element */
+			p++;
+		else if(p[0] == '.' && SEP(p[1]))
+			p += 1;	/* don't count the separator in case it is nul */
+		else if(p[0] == '.' && p[1] == '.' && SEP(p[2])) {
+			p += 2;
+			if(q > dotdot) {	/* can backtrack */
+				while(--q > dotdot && *q != '/')
+					;
+			} else if(!rooted) {	/* /.. is / but ./../ is .. */
+				if(q != name)
+					*q++ = '/';
+				*q++ = '.';
+				*q++ = '.';
+				dotdot = q;
+			}
+		} else {	/* real path element */
+			if(q != name+rooted)
+				*q++ = '/';
+			while((*q = *p) != '/' && *q != 0)
+				p++, q++;
+		}
+	}
+	if(q == name)	/* empty string is really ``.'' */
+		*q++ = '.';
+	*q = '\0';
+	return name;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/create.c b/src/lib9/create.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e5cbc360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/create.c
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/create.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/create.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+#define _GNU_SOURCE	/* for Linux O_DIRECT */
+#include <u.h>
+#define NOPLAN9DEFINES
+#include <sys/file.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#ifndef O_DIRECT
+#define O_DIRECT 0
+#endif
+
+int
+p9create(char *path, int mode, ulong perm)
+{
+	int fd, cexec, umode, rclose, lock, rdwr;
+	struct flock fl;
+
+	rdwr = mode&3;
+	lock = mode&OLOCK;
+	cexec = mode&OCEXEC;
+	rclose = mode&ORCLOSE;
+	mode &= ~(ORCLOSE|OCEXEC|OLOCK);
+
+	/* XXX should get mode mask right? */
+	fd = -1;
+	if(perm&DMDIR){
+		if(mode != OREAD){
+			werrstr("bad mode in directory create");
+			goto out;
+		}
+		if(mkdir(path, perm&0777) < 0)
+			goto out;
+		fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	}else{
+		umode = (mode&3)|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC;
+		mode &= ~(3|OTRUNC);
+		if(mode&ODIRECT){
+			umode |= O_DIRECT;
+			mode &= ~ODIRECT;
+		}
+		if(mode&OEXCL){
+			umode |= O_EXCL;
+			mode &= ~OEXCL;
+		}
+		if(mode&OAPPEND){
+			umode |= O_APPEND;
+			mode &= ~OAPPEND;
+		}
+		if(mode){
+			werrstr("unsupported mode in create");
+			goto out;
+		}
+		fd = open(path, umode, perm);
+	}
+out:
+	if(fd >= 0){
+		if(lock){
+			fl.l_type = (rdwr==OREAD) ? F_RDLCK : F_WRLCK;
+			fl.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
+			fl.l_start = 0;
+			fl.l_len = 0;
+			if(fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, &fl) < 0){
+				close(fd);
+				werrstr("lock: %r");
+				return -1;
+			}
+		}
+		if(cexec)
+			fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, FD_CLOEXEC);
+		if(rclose)
+			remove(path);
+	}
+	return fd;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/dirfstat.c b/src/lib9/dirfstat.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..17fe10aee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/dirfstat.c
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/dirfstat.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/dirfstat.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+#include <u.h>
+#define NOPLAN9DEFINES
+#include <libc.h>
+
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+extern int _p9dir(struct stat*, struct stat*, char*, Dir*, char**, char*);
+
+Dir*
+dirfstat(int fd)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	int nstr;
+	Dir *d;
+	char *str, tmp[100];
+
+	if(fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+		return nil;
+
+	snprint(tmp, sizeof tmp, "/dev/fd/%d", fd);
+	nstr = _p9dir(&st, &st, tmp, nil, nil, nil);
+	d = malloc(sizeof(Dir)+nstr);
+	if(d == nil)
+		return nil;
+	memset(d, 0, sizeof(Dir)+nstr);
+	str = (char*)&d[1];
+	_p9dir(&st, &st, tmp, d, &str, str+nstr);
+	return d;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/dirfwstat.c b/src/lib9/dirfwstat.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..657a98df0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/dirfwstat.c
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/dirfwstat.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/dirfwstat.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#define NOPLAN9DEFINES
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__linux__)
+/* do nothing -- futimes exists and is fine */
+
+#elif defined(__SunOS5_9__)
+/* use futimesat */
+static int
+futimes(int fd, struct timeval *tv)
+{
+	return futimesat(fd, 0, tv);
+}
+
+#else
+/* provide dummy */
+/* rename just in case -- linux provides an unusable one */
+#undef futimes
+#define futimes myfutimes
+static int
+futimes(int fd, struct timeval *tv)
+{
+	werrstr("futimes not available");
+	return -1;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+int
+dirfwstat(int fd, Dir *dir)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct timeval tv[2];
+
+	ret = 0;
+	if(~dir->mode != 0){
+		if(fchmod(fd, dir->mode) < 0)
+			ret = -1;
+	}
+	if(~dir->mtime != 0){
+		tv[0].tv_sec = dir->mtime;
+		tv[0].tv_usec = 0;
+		tv[1].tv_sec = dir->mtime;
+		tv[1].tv_usec = 0;
+		if(futimes(fd, tv) < 0)
+			ret = -1;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/dirstat.c b/src/lib9/dirstat.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5cb6790bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/dirstat.c
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/dirstat.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/dirstat.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+#include <u.h>
+#define NOPLAN9DEFINES
+#include <libc.h>
+
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+extern int _p9dir(struct stat*, struct stat*, char*, Dir*, char**, char*);
+
+Dir*
+dirstat(char *file)
+{
+	struct stat lst;
+	struct stat st;
+	int nstr;
+	Dir *d;
+	char *str;
+
+	if(lstat(file, &lst) < 0)
+		return nil;
+	st = lst;
+	if((lst.st_mode&S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK)
+		stat(file, &st);
+
+	nstr = _p9dir(&lst, &st, file, nil, nil, nil);
+	d = malloc(sizeof(Dir)+nstr);
+	if(d == nil)
+		return nil;
+	memset(d, 0, sizeof(Dir)+nstr);
+	str = (char*)&d[1];
+	_p9dir(&lst, &st, file, d, &str, str+nstr);
+	return d;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/dirwstat.c b/src/lib9/dirwstat.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2646cba40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/dirwstat.c
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/dirwstat.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/dirwstat.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+#include <u.h>
+#define NOPLAN9DEFINES
+#include <libc.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <utime.h>
+
+int
+dirwstat(char *file, Dir *dir)
+{
+	struct utimbuf ub;
+
+	/* BUG handle more */
+	if(~dir->mtime == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	ub.actime = dir->mtime;
+	ub.modtime = dir->mtime;
+	return utime(file, &ub);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/dup.c b/src/lib9/dup.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9fdfdb8d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/dup.c
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/dup.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/dup.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+#undef dup
+
+int
+p9dup(int old, int new)
+{
+	if(new == -1)
+		return dup(old);
+	return dup2(old, new);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/errstr.c b/src/lib9/errstr.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f42f2b538
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/errstr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/errstr.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/errstr.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+/*
+ * We assume there's only one error buffer for the whole system.
+ * If you use ffork, you need to provide a _syserrstr.  Since most
+ * people will use libthread (which provides a _syserrstr), this is
+ * okay.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+enum
+{
+	EPLAN9 = 0x19283745
+};
+
+char *(*_syserrstr)(void);
+static char xsyserr[ERRMAX];
+static char*
+getsyserr(void)
+{
+	char *s;
+
+	s = nil;
+	if(_syserrstr)
+		s = (*_syserrstr)();
+	if(s == nil)
+		s = xsyserr;
+	return s;
+}
+
+int
+errstr(char *err, uint n)
+{
+	char tmp[ERRMAX];
+	char *syserr;
+
+	strecpy(tmp, tmp+ERRMAX, err);
+	rerrstr(err, n);
+	syserr = getsyserr();
+	strecpy(syserr, syserr+ERRMAX, tmp);
+	errno = EPLAN9;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void
+rerrstr(char *err, uint n)
+{
+	char *syserr;
+
+	syserr = getsyserr();
+	if(errno == EINTR)
+		strcpy(syserr, "interrupted");
+	else if(errno != EPLAN9)
+		strcpy(syserr, strerror(errno));
+	strecpy(err, err+n, syserr);
+}
+
+/* replaces __errfmt in libfmt */
+
+int
+__errfmt(Fmt *f)
+{
+	if(errno == EPLAN9)
+		return fmtstrcpy(f, getsyserr());
+	return fmtstrcpy(f, strerror(errno));
+}
+
+void
+werrstr(char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list arg;
+	char buf[ERRMAX];
+
+	va_start(arg, fmt);
+	vseprint(buf, buf+ERRMAX, fmt, arg);
+	va_end(arg);
+	errstr(buf, ERRMAX);
+}
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/exec.c b/src/lib9/exec.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2ad0f9b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/exec.c
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/exec.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/exec.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+int
+exec(char *prog, char *argv[])
+{
+	/* to mimic plan 9 should be just exec, but execvp is a better fit for unix */
+	return execvp(prog, argv);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/execl.c b/src/lib9/execl.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e42ad34b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/execl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/execl.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/execl.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+int
+execl(char *prog, ...)
+{
+	int i;
+	va_list arg;
+	char **argv;
+
+	va_start(arg, prog);
+	for(i=0; va_arg(arg, char*) != nil; i++)
+		;
+	va_end(arg);
+
+	argv = malloc((i+1)*sizeof(char*));
+	if(argv == nil)
+		return -1;
+
+	va_start(arg, prog);
+	for(i=0; (argv[i] = va_arg(arg, char*)) != nil; i++)
+		;
+	va_end(arg);
+
+	exec(prog, argv);
+	free(argv);
+	return -1;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/exitcode.c b/src/lib9/exitcode.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..234492acf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/exitcode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/exitcode.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/exitcode.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+int
+exitcode(char *s)
+{
+	return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/charstod.c b/src/lib9/fmt/charstod.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b8096e8fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/charstod.c
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+/*
+ * Reads a floating-point number by interpreting successive characters
+ * returned by (*f)(vp).  The last call it makes to f terminates the
+ * scan, so is not a character in the number.  It may therefore be
+ * necessary to back up the input stream up one byte after calling charstod.
+ */
+
+double
+fmtcharstod(int(*f)(void*), void *vp)
+{
+	double num, dem;
+	int neg, eneg, dig, exp, c;
+
+	num = 0;
+	neg = 0;
+	dig = 0;
+	exp = 0;
+	eneg = 0;
+
+	c = (*f)(vp);
+	while(c == ' ' || c == '\t')
+		c = (*f)(vp);
+	if(c == '-' || c == '+'){
+		if(c == '-')
+			neg = 1;
+		c = (*f)(vp);
+	}
+	while(c >= '0' && c <= '9'){
+		num = num*10 + c-'0';
+		c = (*f)(vp);
+	}
+	if(c == '.')
+		c = (*f)(vp);
+	while(c >= '0' && c <= '9'){
+		num = num*10 + c-'0';
+		dig++;
+		c = (*f)(vp);
+	}
+	if(c == 'e' || c == 'E'){
+		c = (*f)(vp);
+		if(c == '-' || c == '+'){
+			if(c == '-'){
+				dig = -dig;
+				eneg = 1;
+			}
+			c = (*f)(vp);
+		}
+		while(c >= '0' && c <= '9'){
+			exp = exp*10 + c-'0';
+			c = (*f)(vp);
+		}
+	}
+	exp -= dig;
+	if(exp < 0){
+		exp = -exp;
+		eneg = !eneg;
+	}
+	dem = __fmtpow10(exp);
+	if(eneg)
+		num /= dem;
+	else
+		num *= dem;
+	if(neg)
+		return -num;
+	return num;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/dofmt.c b/src/lib9/fmt/dofmt.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea43940d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/dofmt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,629 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+/* format the output into f->to and return the number of characters fmted  */
+int
+dofmt(Fmt *f, char *fmt)
+{
+	Rune rune, *rt, *rs;
+	int r;
+	char *t, *s;
+	int n, nfmt;
+
+	nfmt = f->nfmt;
+	for(;;){
+		if(f->runes){
+			rt = (Rune*)f->to;
+			rs = (Rune*)f->stop;
+			while((r = *(uchar*)fmt) && r != '%'){
+				if(r < Runeself)
+					fmt++;
+				else{
+					fmt += chartorune(&rune, fmt);
+					r = rune;
+				}
+				FMTRCHAR(f, rt, rs, r);
+			}
+			fmt++;
+			f->nfmt += rt - (Rune *)f->to;
+			f->to = rt;
+			if(!r)
+				return f->nfmt - nfmt;
+			f->stop = rs;
+		}else{
+			t = (char*)f->to;
+			s = (char*)f->stop;
+			while((r = *(uchar*)fmt) && r != '%'){
+				if(r < Runeself){
+					FMTCHAR(f, t, s, r);
+					fmt++;
+				}else{
+					n = chartorune(&rune, fmt);
+					if(t + n > s){
+						t = (char*)__fmtflush(f, t, n);
+						if(t != nil)
+							s = (char*)f->stop;
+						else
+							return -1;
+					}
+					while(n--)
+						*t++ = *fmt++;
+				}
+			}
+			fmt++;
+			f->nfmt += t - (char *)f->to;
+			f->to = t;
+			if(!r)
+				return f->nfmt - nfmt;
+			f->stop = s;
+		}
+
+		fmt = (char*)__fmtdispatch(f, fmt, 0);
+		if(fmt == nil)
+			return -1;
+	}
+}
+
+void *
+__fmtflush(Fmt *f, void *t, int len)
+{
+	if(f->runes)
+		f->nfmt += (Rune*)t - (Rune*)f->to;
+	else
+		f->nfmt += (char*)t - (char *)f->to;
+	f->to = t;
+	if(f->flush == 0 || (*f->flush)(f) == 0 || (char*)f->to + len > (char*)f->stop){
+		f->stop = f->to;
+		return nil;
+	}
+	return f->to;
+}
+
+/*
+ * put a formatted block of memory sz bytes long of n runes into the output buffer,
+ * left/right justified in a field of at least f->width characters (if FmtWidth is set)
+ */
+int
+__fmtpad(Fmt *f, int n)
+{
+	char *t, *s;
+	int i;
+
+	t = (char*)f->to;
+	s = (char*)f->stop;
+	for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		FMTCHAR(f, t, s, ' ');
+	f->nfmt += t - (char *)f->to;
+	f->to = t;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+__rfmtpad(Fmt *f, int n)
+{
+	Rune *t, *s;
+	int i;
+
+	t = (Rune*)f->to;
+	s = (Rune*)f->stop;
+	for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		FMTRCHAR(f, t, s, ' ');
+	f->nfmt += t - (Rune *)f->to;
+	f->to = t;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+__fmtcpy(Fmt *f, const void *vm, int n, int sz)
+{
+	Rune *rt, *rs, r;
+	char *t, *s, *m, *me;
+	ulong fl;
+	int nc, w;
+
+	m = (char*)vm;
+	me = m + sz;
+	fl = f->flags;
+	w = 0;
+	if(fl & FmtWidth)
+		w = f->width;
+	if((fl & FmtPrec) && n > f->prec)
+		n = f->prec;
+	if(f->runes){
+		if(!(fl & FmtLeft) && __rfmtpad(f, w - n) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		rt = (Rune*)f->to;
+		rs = (Rune*)f->stop;
+		for(nc = n; nc > 0; nc--){
+			r = *(uchar*)m;
+			if(r < Runeself)
+				m++;
+			else if((me - m) >= UTFmax || fullrune(m, me-m))
+				m += chartorune(&r, m);
+			else
+				break;
+			FMTRCHAR(f, rt, rs, r);
+		}
+		f->nfmt += rt - (Rune *)f->to;
+		f->to = rt;
+		if(fl & FmtLeft && __rfmtpad(f, w - n) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}else{
+		if(!(fl & FmtLeft) && __fmtpad(f, w - n) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		t = (char*)f->to;
+		s = (char*)f->stop;
+		for(nc = n; nc > 0; nc--){
+			r = *(uchar*)m;
+			if(r < Runeself)
+				m++;
+			else if((me - m) >= UTFmax || fullrune(m, me-m))
+				m += chartorune(&r, m);
+			else
+				break;
+			FMTRUNE(f, t, s, r);
+		}
+		f->nfmt += t - (char *)f->to;
+		f->to = t;
+		if(fl & FmtLeft && __fmtpad(f, w - n) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+__fmtrcpy(Fmt *f, const void *vm, int n)
+{
+	Rune r, *m, *me, *rt, *rs;
+	char *t, *s;
+	ulong fl;
+	int w;
+
+	m = (Rune*)vm;
+	fl = f->flags;
+	w = 0;
+	if(fl & FmtWidth)
+		w = f->width;
+	if((fl & FmtPrec) && n > f->prec)
+		n = f->prec;
+	if(f->runes){
+		if(!(fl & FmtLeft) && __rfmtpad(f, w - n) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		rt = (Rune*)f->to;
+		rs = (Rune*)f->stop;
+		for(me = m + n; m < me; m++)
+			FMTRCHAR(f, rt, rs, *m);
+		f->nfmt += rt - (Rune *)f->to;
+		f->to = rt;
+		if(fl & FmtLeft && __rfmtpad(f, w - n) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}else{
+		if(!(fl & FmtLeft) && __fmtpad(f, w - n) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		t = (char*)f->to;
+		s = (char*)f->stop;
+		for(me = m + n; m < me; m++){
+			r = *m;
+			FMTRUNE(f, t, s, r);
+		}
+		f->nfmt += t - (char *)f->to;
+		f->to = t;
+		if(fl & FmtLeft && __fmtpad(f, w - n) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* fmt out one character */
+int
+__charfmt(Fmt *f)
+{
+	char x[1];
+
+	x[0] = va_arg(f->args, int);
+	f->prec = 1;
+	return __fmtcpy(f, (const char*)x, 1, 1);
+}
+
+/* fmt out one rune */
+int
+__runefmt(Fmt *f)
+{
+	Rune x[1];
+
+	x[0] = va_arg(f->args, int);
+	return __fmtrcpy(f, (const void*)x, 1);
+}
+
+/* public helper routine: fmt out a null terminated string already in hand */
+int
+fmtstrcpy(Fmt *f, char *s)
+{
+	int i, j;
+
+	if(!s)
+		return __fmtcpy(f, "<nil>", 5, 5);
+	/* if precision is specified, make sure we don't wander off the end */
+	if(f->flags & FmtPrec){
+#ifdef PLAN9PORT
+		Rune r;
+		i = 0;
+		for(j=0; j<f->prec && s[i]; j++)
+			i += chartorune(&r, s+i);
+#else
+		/* ANSI requires precision in bytes, not Runes */
+		for(i=0; i<f->prec; i++)
+			if(s[i] == 0)
+				break;
+		j = utfnlen(s, i);	/* won't print partial at end */
+#endif
+		return __fmtcpy(f, s, j, i);
+	}
+	return __fmtcpy(f, s, utflen(s), strlen(s));
+}
+
+/* fmt out a null terminated utf string */
+int
+__strfmt(Fmt *f)
+{
+	char *s;
+
+	s = va_arg(f->args, char *);
+	return fmtstrcpy(f, s);
+}
+
+/* public helper routine: fmt out a null terminated rune string already in hand */
+int
+fmtrunestrcpy(Fmt *f, Rune *s)
+{
+	Rune *e;
+	int n, p;
+
+	if(!s)
+		return __fmtcpy(f, "<nil>", 5, 5);
+	/* if precision is specified, make sure we don't wander off the end */
+	if(f->flags & FmtPrec){
+		p = f->prec;
+		for(n = 0; n < p; n++)
+			if(s[n] == 0)
+				break;
+	}else{
+		for(e = s; *e; e++)
+			;
+		n = e - s;
+	}
+	return __fmtrcpy(f, s, n);
+}
+
+/* fmt out a null terminated rune string */
+int
+__runesfmt(Fmt *f)
+{
+	Rune *s;
+
+	s = va_arg(f->args, Rune *);
+	return fmtrunestrcpy(f, s);
+}
+
+/* fmt a % */
+int
+__percentfmt(Fmt *f)
+{
+	Rune x[1];
+
+	x[0] = f->r;
+	f->prec = 1;
+	return __fmtrcpy(f, (const void*)x, 1);
+}
+
+/* fmt an integer */
+int
+__ifmt(Fmt *f)
+{
+	char buf[140], *p, *conv;
+	/* 140: for 64 bits of binary + 3-byte sep every 4 digits */
+	uvlong vu;
+	ulong u;
+	int neg, base, i, n, fl, w, isv;
+	int ndig, len, excess, bytelen;
+	char *grouping;
+	char *thousands;
+
+	neg = 0;
+	fl = f->flags;
+	isv = 0;
+	vu = 0;
+	u = 0;
+#ifndef PLAN9PORT
+	/*
+	 * Unsigned verbs for ANSI C
+	 */
+	switch(f->r){
+	case 'o':
+	case 'p':
+	case 'u':
+	case 'x':
+	case 'X':
+		fl |= FmtUnsigned;
+		fl &= ~(FmtSign|FmtSpace);
+		break;
+	}
+#endif
+	if(f->r == 'p'){
+		u = (ulong)va_arg(f->args, void*);
+		f->r = 'x';
+		fl |= FmtUnsigned;
+	}else if(fl & FmtVLong){
+		isv = 1;
+		if(fl & FmtUnsigned)
+			vu = va_arg(f->args, uvlong);
+		else
+			vu = va_arg(f->args, vlong);
+	}else if(fl & FmtLong){
+		if(fl & FmtUnsigned)
+			u = va_arg(f->args, ulong);
+		else
+			u = va_arg(f->args, long);
+	}else if(fl & FmtByte){
+		if(fl & FmtUnsigned)
+			u = (uchar)va_arg(f->args, int);
+		else
+			u = (char)va_arg(f->args, int);
+	}else if(fl & FmtShort){
+		if(fl & FmtUnsigned)
+			u = (ushort)va_arg(f->args, int);
+		else
+			u = (short)va_arg(f->args, int);
+	}else{
+		if(fl & FmtUnsigned)
+			u = va_arg(f->args, uint);
+		else
+			u = va_arg(f->args, int);
+	}
+	conv = "0123456789abcdef";
+	grouping = "\4";	/* for hex, octal etc. (undefined by spec but nice) */
+	thousands = f->thousands;
+	switch(f->r){
+	case 'd':
+	case 'i':
+	case 'u':
+		base = 10;
+		grouping = f->grouping;
+		break;
+	case 'X':
+		conv = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+		/* fall through */
+	case 'x':
+		base = 16;
+		thousands = ":";
+		break;
+	case 'b':
+		base = 2;
+		thousands = ":";
+		break;
+	case 'o':
+		base = 8;
+		break;
+	default:
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if(!(fl & FmtUnsigned)){
+		if(isv && (vlong)vu < 0){
+			vu = -(vlong)vu;
+			neg = 1;
+		}else if(!isv && (long)u < 0){
+			u = -(long)u;
+			neg = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	p = buf + sizeof buf - 1;
+	n = 0;	/* in runes */
+	excess = 0;	/* number of bytes > number runes */
+	ndig = 0;
+	len = utflen(thousands);
+	bytelen = strlen(thousands);
+	if(isv){
+		while(vu){
+			i = vu % base;
+			vu /= base;
+			if((fl & FmtComma) && n % 4 == 3){
+				*p-- = ',';
+				n++;
+			}
+			if((fl & FmtApost) && __needsep(&ndig, &grouping)){
+				n += len;
+				excess += bytelen - len;
+				p -= bytelen;
+				memmove(p+1, thousands, bytelen);
+			}
+			*p-- = conv[i];
+			n++;
+		}
+	}else{
+		while(u){
+			i = u % base;
+			u /= base;
+			if((fl & FmtComma) && n % 4 == 3){
+				*p-- = ',';
+				n++;
+			}
+			if((fl & FmtApost) && __needsep(&ndig, &grouping)){
+				n += len;
+				excess += bytelen - len;
+				p -= bytelen;
+				memmove(p+1, thousands, bytelen);
+			}
+			*p-- = conv[i];
+			n++;
+		}
+	}
+	if(n == 0){
+		/*
+		 * "The result of converting a zero value with
+		 * a precision of zero is no characters."  - ANSI
+		 *
+		 * "For o conversion, # increases the precision, if and only if
+		 * necessary, to force the first digit of the result to be a zero
+		 * (if the value and precision are both 0, a single 0 is printed)." - ANSI
+		 */
+		if(!(fl & FmtPrec) || f->prec != 0 || (f->r == 'o' && (fl & FmtSharp))){
+			*p-- = '0';
+			n = 1;
+			if(fl & FmtApost)
+				__needsep(&ndig, &grouping);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Zero values don't get 0x.
+		 */
+		if(f->r == 'x' || f->r == 'X')
+			fl &= ~FmtSharp;
+	}
+	for(w = f->prec; n < w && p > buf+3; n++){
+		if((fl & FmtApost) && __needsep(&ndig, &grouping)){
+			n += len;
+			excess += bytelen - len;
+			p -= bytelen;
+			memmove(p+1, thousands, bytelen);
+		}
+		*p-- = '0';
+	}
+	if(neg || (fl & (FmtSign|FmtSpace)))
+		n++;
+	if(fl & FmtSharp){
+		if(base == 16)
+			n += 2;
+		else if(base == 8){
+			if(p[1] == '0')
+				fl &= ~FmtSharp;
+			else
+				n++;
+		}
+	}
+	if((fl & FmtZero) && !(fl & (FmtLeft|FmtPrec))){
+		w = 0;
+		if(fl & FmtWidth)
+			w = f->width;
+		for(; n < w && p > buf+3; n++){
+			if((fl & FmtApost) && __needsep(&ndig, &grouping)){
+				n += len;
+				excess += bytelen - len;
+				p -= bytelen;
+				memmove(p+1, thousands, bytelen);
+			}
+			*p-- = '0';
+		}
+		f->flags &= ~FmtWidth;
+	}
+	if(fl & FmtSharp){
+		if(base == 16)
+			*p-- = f->r;
+		if(base == 16 || base == 8)
+			*p-- = '0';
+	}
+	if(neg)
+		*p-- = '-';
+	else if(fl & FmtSign)
+		*p-- = '+';
+	else if(fl & FmtSpace)
+		*p-- = ' ';
+	f->flags &= ~FmtPrec;
+	return __fmtcpy(f, p + 1, n, n + excess);
+}
+
+int
+__countfmt(Fmt *f)
+{
+	void *p;
+	ulong fl;
+
+	fl = f->flags;
+	p = va_arg(f->args, void*);
+	if(fl & FmtVLong){
+		*(vlong*)p = f->nfmt;
+	}else if(fl & FmtLong){
+		*(long*)p = f->nfmt;
+	}else if(fl & FmtByte){
+		*(char*)p = f->nfmt;
+	}else if(fl & FmtShort){
+		*(short*)p = f->nfmt;
+	}else{
+		*(int*)p = f->nfmt;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+__flagfmt(Fmt *f)
+{
+	switch(f->r){
+	case ',':
+		f->flags |= FmtComma;
+		break;
+	case '-':
+		f->flags |= FmtLeft;
+		break;
+	case '+':
+		f->flags |= FmtSign;
+		break;
+	case '#':
+		f->flags |= FmtSharp;
+		break;
+	case '\'':
+		f->flags |= FmtApost;
+		break;
+	case ' ':
+		f->flags |= FmtSpace;
+		break;
+	case 'u':
+		f->flags |= FmtUnsigned;
+		break;
+	case 'h':
+		if(f->flags & FmtShort)
+			f->flags |= FmtByte;
+		f->flags |= FmtShort;
+		break;
+	case 'L':
+		f->flags |= FmtLDouble;
+		break;
+	case 'l':
+		if(f->flags & FmtLong)
+			f->flags |= FmtVLong;
+		f->flags |= FmtLong;
+		break;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/* default error format */
+int
+__badfmt(Fmt *f)
+{
+	char x[3];
+
+	x[0] = '%';
+	x[1] = f->r;
+	x[2] = '%';
+	f->prec = 3;
+	__fmtcpy(f, (const void*)x, 3, 3);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/dorfmt.c b/src/lib9/fmt/dorfmt.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..672742f02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/dorfmt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+/* format the output into f->to and return the number of characters fmted  */
+
+/* BUG: THIS FILE IS NOT UPDATED TO THE  NEW SPEC */
+int
+dorfmt(Fmt *f, const Rune *fmt)
+{
+	Rune *rt, *rs;
+	int r;
+	char *t, *s;
+	int nfmt;
+
+	nfmt = f->nfmt;
+	for(;;){
+		if(f->runes){
+			rt = (Rune*)f->to;
+			rs = (Rune*)f->stop;
+			while((r = *fmt++) && r != '%'){
+				FMTRCHAR(f, rt, rs, r);
+			}
+			f->nfmt += rt - (Rune *)f->to;
+			f->to = rt;
+			if(!r)
+				return f->nfmt - nfmt;
+			f->stop = rs;
+		}else{
+			t = (char*)f->to;
+			s = (char*)f->stop;
+			while((r = *fmt++) && r != '%'){
+				FMTRUNE(f, t, f->stop, r);
+			}
+			f->nfmt += t - (char *)f->to;
+			f->to = t;
+			if(!r)
+				return f->nfmt - nfmt;
+			f->stop = s;
+		}
+
+		fmt = (Rune*)__fmtdispatch(f, (Rune*)fmt, 1);
+		if(fmt == nil)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;		/* not reached */
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/errfmt.c b/src/lib9/fmt/errfmt.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66c9600f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/errfmt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+int
+__errfmt(Fmt *f)
+{
+	char *s;
+
+	s = strerror(errno);
+	return fmtstrcpy(f, s);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/fltfmt.c b/src/lib9/fmt/fltfmt.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3ce8babb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/fltfmt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,677 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+enum
+{
+	FDIGIT	= 30,
+	FDEFLT	= 6,
+	NSIGNIF	= 17
+};
+
+/*
+ * first few powers of 10, enough for about 1/2 of the
+ * total space for doubles.
+ */
+static double pows10[] =
+{
+	  1e0,   1e1,   1e2,   1e3,   1e4,   1e5,   1e6,   1e7,   1e8,   1e9,
+	 1e10,  1e11,  1e12,  1e13,  1e14,  1e15,  1e16,  1e17,  1e18,  1e19,
+	 1e20,  1e21,  1e22,  1e23,  1e24,  1e25,  1e26,  1e27,  1e28,  1e29,
+	 1e30,  1e31,  1e32,  1e33,  1e34,  1e35,  1e36,  1e37,  1e38,  1e39,
+	 1e40,  1e41,  1e42,  1e43,  1e44,  1e45,  1e46,  1e47,  1e48,  1e49,
+	 1e50,  1e51,  1e52,  1e53,  1e54,  1e55,  1e56,  1e57,  1e58,  1e59,
+	 1e60,  1e61,  1e62,  1e63,  1e64,  1e65,  1e66,  1e67,  1e68,  1e69,
+	 1e70,  1e71,  1e72,  1e73,  1e74,  1e75,  1e76,  1e77,  1e78,  1e79,
+	 1e80,  1e81,  1e82,  1e83,  1e84,  1e85,  1e86,  1e87,  1e88,  1e89,
+	 1e90,  1e91,  1e92,  1e93,  1e94,  1e95,  1e96,  1e97,  1e98,  1e99,
+	1e100, 1e101, 1e102, 1e103, 1e104, 1e105, 1e106, 1e107, 1e108, 1e109,
+	1e110, 1e111, 1e112, 1e113, 1e114, 1e115, 1e116, 1e117, 1e118, 1e119,
+	1e120, 1e121, 1e122, 1e123, 1e124, 1e125, 1e126, 1e127, 1e128, 1e129,
+	1e130, 1e131, 1e132, 1e133, 1e134, 1e135, 1e136, 1e137, 1e138, 1e139,
+	1e140, 1e141, 1e142, 1e143, 1e144, 1e145, 1e146, 1e147, 1e148, 1e149,
+	1e150, 1e151, 1e152, 1e153, 1e154, 1e155, 1e156, 1e157, 1e158, 1e159,
+};
+#define	npows10 ((int)(sizeof(pows10)/sizeof(pows10[0])))
+#undef pow10
+#define pow10 fmtpow10
+
+static double
+pow10(int n)
+{
+	double d;
+	int neg;
+
+	neg = 0;
+	if(n < 0){
+		neg = 1;
+		n = -n;
+	}
+
+	if(n < npows10)
+		d = pows10[n];
+	else{
+		d = pows10[npows10-1];
+		for(;;){
+			n -= npows10 - 1;
+			if(n < npows10){
+				d *= pows10[n];
+				break;
+			}
+			d *= pows10[npows10 - 1];
+		}
+	}
+	if(neg)
+		return 1./d;
+	return d;
+}
+
+/*
+ * add 1 to the decimal integer string a of length n.
+ * if 99999 overflows into 10000, return 1 to tell caller
+ * to move the virtual decimal point.
+ */
+static int
+xadd1(char *a, int n)
+{
+	char *b;
+	int c;
+
+	if(n < 0 || n > NSIGNIF)
+		return 0;
+	for(b = a+n-1; b >= a; b--) {
+		c = *b + 1;
+		if(c <= '9') {
+			*b = c;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		*b = '0';
+	}
+	/*
+	 * need to overflow adding digit.
+	 * shift number down and insert 1 at beginning.
+	 * decimal is known to be 0s or we wouldn't
+	 * have gotten this far.  (e.g., 99999+1 => 00000)
+	 */
+	a[0] = '1';
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * subtract 1 from the decimal integer string a.
+ * if 10000 underflows into 09999, make it 99999
+ * and return 1 to tell caller to move the virtual
+ * decimal point.  this way, xsub1 is inverse of xadd1.
+ */
+static int
+xsub1(char *a, int n)
+{
+	char *b;
+	int c;
+
+	if(n < 0 || n > NSIGNIF)
+		return 0;
+	for(b = a+n-1; b >= a; b--) {
+		c = *b - 1;
+		if(c >= '0') {
+			if(c == '0' && b == a) {
+				/*
+				 * just zeroed the top digit; shift everyone up.
+				 * decimal is known to be 9s or we wouldn't
+				 * have gotten this far.  (e.g., 10000-1 => 09999)
+				 */
+				*b = '9';
+				return 1;
+			}
+			*b = c;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		*b = '9';
+	}
+	/*
+	 * can't get here.  the number a is always normalized
+	 * so that it has a nonzero first digit.
+	 */
+	abort();
+}
+
+/*
+ * format exponent like sprintf(p, "e%+02d", e)
+ */
+static void
+xfmtexp(char *p, int e, int ucase)
+{
+	char se[9];
+	int i;
+
+	*p++ = ucase ? 'E' : 'e';
+	if(e < 0) {
+		*p++ = '-';
+		e = -e;
+	} else
+		*p++ = '+';
+	i = 0;
+	while(e) {
+		se[i++] = e % 10 + '0';
+		e /= 10;
+	}
+	while(i < 2)
+		se[i++] = '0';
+	while(i > 0)
+		*p++ = se[--i];
+	*p++ = '\0';
+}
+
+/*
+ * compute decimal integer m, exp such that:
+ *	f = m*10^exp
+ *	m is as short as possible with losing exactness
+ * assumes special cases (NaN, +Inf, -Inf) have been handled.
+ */
+static void
+xdtoa(double f, char *s, int *exp, int *neg, int *ns)
+{
+	int c, d, e2, e, ee, i, ndigit, oerrno;
+	char tmp[NSIGNIF+10];
+	double g;
+
+	oerrno = errno; /* in case strtod smashes errno */
+
+	/*
+	 * make f non-negative.
+	 */
+	*neg = 0;
+	if(f < 0) {
+		f = -f;
+		*neg = 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * must handle zero specially.
+	 */
+	if(f == 0){
+		*exp = 0;
+		s[0] = '0';
+		s[1] = '\0';
+		*ns = 1;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * find g,e such that f = g*10^e.
+	 * guess 10-exponent using 2-exponent, then fine tune.
+	 */
+	frexp(f, &e2);
+	e = (int)(e2 * .301029995664);
+	g = f * pow10(-e);
+	while(g < 1) {
+		e--;
+		g = f * pow10(-e);
+	}
+	while(g >= 10) {
+		e++;
+		g = f * pow10(-e);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * convert NSIGNIF digits as a first approximation.
+	 */
+	for(i=0; i<NSIGNIF; i++) {
+		d = (int)g;
+		s[i] = d+'0';
+		g = (g-d) * 10;
+	}
+	s[i] = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * adjust e because s is 314159... not 3.14159...
+	 */
+	e -= NSIGNIF-1;
+	xfmtexp(s+NSIGNIF, e, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * adjust conversion until strtod(s) == f exactly.
+	 */
+	for(i=0; i<10; i++) {
+		g = strtod(s, nil);
+		if(f > g) {
+			if(xadd1(s, NSIGNIF)) {
+				/* gained a digit */
+				e--;
+				xfmtexp(s+NSIGNIF, e, 0);
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(f < g) {
+			if(xsub1(s, NSIGNIF)) {
+				/* lost a digit */
+				e++;
+				xfmtexp(s+NSIGNIF, e, 0);
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * play with the decimal to try to simplify.
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * bump last few digits up to 9 if we can
+	 */
+	for(i=NSIGNIF-1; i>=NSIGNIF-3; i--) {
+		c = s[i];
+		if(c != '9') {
+			s[i] = '9';
+			g = strtod(s, nil);
+			if(g != f) {
+				s[i] = c;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * add 1 in hopes of turning 9s to 0s
+	 */
+	if(s[NSIGNIF-1] == '9') {
+		strcpy(tmp, s);
+		ee = e;
+		if(xadd1(tmp, NSIGNIF)) {
+			ee--;
+			xfmtexp(tmp+NSIGNIF, ee, 0);
+		}
+		g = strtod(tmp, nil);
+		if(g == f) {
+			strcpy(s, tmp);
+			e = ee;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * bump last few digits down to 0 as we can.
+	 */
+	for(i=NSIGNIF-1; i>=NSIGNIF-3; i--) {
+		c = s[i];
+		if(c != '0') {
+			s[i] = '0';
+			g = strtod(s, nil);
+			if(g != f) {
+				s[i] = c;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * remove trailing zeros.
+	 */
+	ndigit = NSIGNIF;
+	while(ndigit > 1 && s[ndigit-1] == '0'){
+		e++;
+		--ndigit;
+	}
+	s[ndigit] = 0;
+	*exp = e;
+	*ns = ndigit;
+	errno = oerrno;
+}
+
+#ifdef PLAN9PORT
+static char *special[] = { "NaN", "NaN", "+Inf", "+Inf", "-Inf", "-Inf" };
+#else
+static char *special[] = { "nan", "NAN", "inf", "INF", "-inf", "-INF" };
+#endif
+
+int
+__efgfmt(Fmt *fmt)
+{
+	char buf[NSIGNIF+10], *dot, *digits, *p, *s, suf[10], *t;
+	double f;
+	int c, chr, dotwid, e, exp, fl, ndigits, neg, newndigits;
+	int pad, point, prec, realchr, sign, sufwid, ucase, wid, z1, z2;
+	Rune r, *rs, *rt;
+
+	if(fmt->flags&FmtLong)
+		f = va_arg(fmt->args, long double);
+	else
+		f = va_arg(fmt->args, double);
+
+	/*
+	 * extract formatting flags
+	 */
+	fl = fmt->flags;
+	fmt->flags = 0;
+	prec = FDEFLT;
+	if(fl & FmtPrec)
+		prec = fmt->prec;
+	chr = fmt->r;
+	ucase = 0;
+	switch(chr) {
+	case 'A':
+	case 'E':
+	case 'F':
+	case 'G':
+		chr += 'a'-'A';
+		ucase = 1;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * pick off special numbers.
+	 */
+	if(__isNaN(f)) {
+		s = special[0+ucase];
+	special:
+		fmt->flags = fl & (FmtWidth|FmtLeft);
+		return __fmtcpy(fmt, s, strlen(s), strlen(s));
+	}
+	if(__isInf(f, 1)) {
+		s = special[2+ucase];
+		goto special;
+	}
+	if(__isInf(f, -1)) {
+		s = special[4+ucase];
+		goto special;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * get exact representation.
+	 */
+	digits = buf;
+	xdtoa(f, digits, &exp, &neg, &ndigits);
+
+	/*
+	 * get locale's decimal point.
+	 */
+	dot = fmt->decimal;
+	if(dot == nil)
+		dot = ".";
+	dotwid = utflen(dot);
+
+	/*
+	 * now the formatting fun begins.
+	 * compute parameters for actual fmt:
+	 *
+	 *	pad: number of spaces to insert before/after field.
+	 *	z1: number of zeros to insert before digits
+	 *	z2: number of zeros to insert after digits
+	 *	point: number of digits to print before decimal point
+	 *	ndigits: number of digits to use from digits[]
+	 *	suf: trailing suffix, like "e-5"
+	 */
+	realchr = chr;
+	switch(chr){
+	case 'g':
+		/*
+		 * convert to at most prec significant digits. (prec=0 means 1)
+		 */
+		if(prec == 0)
+			prec = 1;
+		if(ndigits > prec) {
+			if(digits[prec] >= '5' && xadd1(digits, prec))
+				exp++;
+			exp += ndigits-prec;
+			ndigits = prec;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * extra rules for %g (implemented below):
+		 *	trailing zeros removed after decimal unless FmtSharp.
+		 *	decimal point only if digit follows.
+		 */
+
+		/* fall through to %e */
+	default:
+	case 'e':
+		/*
+		 * one significant digit before decimal, no leading zeros.
+		 */
+		point = 1;
+		z1 = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * decimal point is after ndigits digits right now.
+		 * slide to be after first.
+		 */
+		e  = exp + (ndigits-1);
+
+		/*
+		 * if this is %g, check exponent and convert prec
+		 */
+		if(realchr == 'g') {
+			if(-4 <= e && e < prec)
+				goto casef;
+			prec--;	/* one digit before decimal; rest after */
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * compute trailing zero padding or truncate digits.
+		 */
+		if(1+prec >= ndigits)
+			z2 = 1+prec - ndigits;
+		else {
+			/*
+			 * truncate digits
+			 */
+			assert(realchr != 'g');
+			newndigits = 1+prec;
+			if(digits[newndigits] >= '5' && xadd1(digits, newndigits)) {
+				/*
+				 * had 999e4, now have 100e5
+				 */
+				e++;
+			}
+			ndigits = newndigits;
+			z2 = 0;
+		}
+		xfmtexp(suf, e, ucase);
+		sufwid = strlen(suf);
+		break;
+
+	casef:
+	case 'f':
+		/*
+		 * determine where digits go with respect to decimal point
+		 */
+		if(ndigits+exp > 0) {
+			point = ndigits+exp;
+			z1 = 0;
+		} else {
+			point = 1;
+			z1 = 1 + -(ndigits+exp);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * %g specifies prec = number of significant digits
+		 * convert to number of digits after decimal point
+		 */
+		if(realchr == 'g')
+			prec += z1 - point;
+
+		/*
+		 * compute trailing zero padding or truncate digits.
+		 */
+		if(point+prec >= z1+ndigits)
+			z2 = point+prec - (z1+ndigits);
+		else {
+			/*
+			 * truncate digits
+			 */
+			assert(realchr != 'g');
+			newndigits = point+prec - z1;
+			if(newndigits < 0) {
+				z1 += newndigits;
+				newndigits = 0;
+			} else if(newndigits == 0) {
+				/* perhaps round up */
+				if(digits[0] >= '5'){
+					digits[0] = '1';
+					newndigits = 1;
+					goto newdigit;
+				}
+			} else if(digits[newndigits] >= '5' && xadd1(digits, newndigits)) {
+				/*
+				 * digits was 999, is now 100; make it 1000
+				 */
+				digits[newndigits++] = '0';
+			newdigit:
+				/*
+				 * account for new digit
+				 */
+				if(z1)	/* 0.099 => 0.100 or 0.99 => 1.00*/
+					z1--;
+				else	/* 9.99 => 10.00 */
+					point++;
+			}
+			z2 = 0;
+			ndigits = newndigits;
+		}
+		sufwid = 0;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * if %g is given without FmtSharp, remove trailing zeros.
+	 * must do after truncation, so that e.g. print %.3g 1.001
+	 * produces 1, not 1.00.  sorry, but them's the rules.
+	 */
+	if(realchr == 'g' && !(fl & FmtSharp)) {
+		if(z1+ndigits+z2 >= point) {
+			if(z1+ndigits < point)
+				z2 = point - (z1+ndigits);
+			else{
+				z2 = 0;
+				while(z1+ndigits > point && digits[ndigits-1] == '0')
+					ndigits--;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * compute width of all digits and decimal point and suffix if any
+	 */
+	wid = z1+ndigits+z2;
+	if(wid > point)
+		wid += dotwid;
+	else if(wid == point){
+		if(fl & FmtSharp)
+			wid += dotwid;
+		else
+			point++;	/* do not print any decimal point */
+	}
+	wid += sufwid;
+
+	/*
+	 * determine sign
+	 */
+	sign = 0;
+	if(neg)
+		sign = '-';
+	else if(fl & FmtSign)
+		sign = '+';
+	else if(fl & FmtSpace)
+		sign = ' ';
+	if(sign)
+		wid++;
+
+	/*
+	 * compute padding
+	 */
+	pad = 0;
+	if((fl & FmtWidth) && fmt->width > wid)
+		pad = fmt->width - wid;
+	if(pad && !(fl & FmtLeft) && (fl & FmtZero)){
+		z1 += pad;
+		point += pad;
+		pad = 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * format the actual field.  too bad about doing this twice.
+	 */
+	if(fmt->runes){
+		if(pad && !(fl & FmtLeft) && __rfmtpad(fmt, pad) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		rt = (Rune*)fmt->to;
+		rs = (Rune*)fmt->stop;
+		if(sign)
+			FMTRCHAR(fmt, rt, rs, sign);
+		while(z1>0 || ndigits>0 || z2>0) {
+			if(z1 > 0){
+				z1--;
+				c = '0';
+			}else if(ndigits > 0){
+				ndigits--;
+				c = *digits++;
+			}else{
+				z2--;
+				c = '0';
+			}
+			FMTRCHAR(fmt, rt, rs, c);
+			if(--point == 0) {
+				for(p = dot; *p; ){
+					p += chartorune(&r, p);
+					FMTRCHAR(fmt, rt, rs, r);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		fmt->nfmt += rt - (Rune*)fmt->to;
+		fmt->to = rt;
+		if(sufwid && __fmtcpy(fmt, suf, sufwid, sufwid) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		if(pad && (fl & FmtLeft) && __rfmtpad(fmt, pad) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}else{
+		if(pad && !(fl & FmtLeft) && __fmtpad(fmt, pad) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		t = (char*)fmt->to;
+		s = (char*)fmt->stop;
+		if(sign)
+			FMTCHAR(fmt, t, s, sign);
+		while(z1>0 || ndigits>0 || z2>0) {
+			if(z1 > 0){
+				z1--;
+				c = '0';
+			}else if(ndigits > 0){
+				ndigits--;
+				c = *digits++;
+			}else{
+				z2--;
+				c = '0';
+			}
+			FMTCHAR(fmt, t, s, c);
+			if(--point == 0)
+				for(p=dot; *p; p++)
+					FMTCHAR(fmt, t, s, *p);
+		}
+		fmt->nfmt += t - (char*)fmt->to;
+		fmt->to = t;
+		if(sufwid && __fmtcpy(fmt, suf, sufwid, sufwid) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		if(pad && (fl & FmtLeft) && __fmtpad(fmt, pad) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/fmt.c b/src/lib9/fmt/fmt.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a747b1b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/fmt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+enum
+{
+	Maxfmt = 64
+};
+
+typedef struct Convfmt Convfmt;
+struct Convfmt
+{
+	int	c;
+	volatile	Fmts	fmt;	/* for spin lock in fmtfmt; avoids race due to write order */
+};
+
+static struct
+{
+	/* lock by calling __fmtlock, __fmtunlock */
+	int	nfmt;
+	Convfmt	fmt[Maxfmt];
+} fmtalloc;
+
+static Convfmt knownfmt[] = {
+	' ',	__flagfmt,
+	'#',	__flagfmt,
+	'%',	__percentfmt,
+	'\'',	__flagfmt,
+	'+',	__flagfmt,
+	',',	__flagfmt,
+	'-',	__flagfmt,
+	'C',	__runefmt,	/* Plan 9 addition */
+	'E',	__efgfmt,
+#ifndef PLAN9PORT
+	'F',	__efgfmt,	/* ANSI only */
+#endif
+	'G',	__efgfmt,
+#ifndef PLAN9PORT
+	'L',	__flagfmt,	/* ANSI only */
+#endif
+	'S',	__runesfmt,	/* Plan 9 addition */
+	'X',	__ifmt,
+	'b',	__ifmt,		/* Plan 9 addition */
+	'c',	__charfmt,
+	'd',	__ifmt,
+	'e',	__efgfmt,
+	'f',	__efgfmt,
+	'g',	__efgfmt,
+	'h',	__flagfmt,
+#ifndef PLAN9PORT
+	'i',	__ifmt,		/* ANSI only */
+#endif
+	'l',	__flagfmt,
+	'n',	__countfmt,
+	'o',	__ifmt,
+	'p',	__ifmt,
+	'r',	__errfmt,
+	's',	__strfmt,
+#ifdef PLAN9PORT
+	'u',	__flagfmt,
+#else
+	'u',	__ifmt,
+#endif
+	'x',	__ifmt,
+	0,	nil,
+};
+
+
+int	(*fmtdoquote)(int);
+
+/*
+ * __fmtlock() must be set
+ */
+static int
+__fmtinstall(int c, Fmts f)
+{
+	Convfmt *p, *ep;
+
+	if(c<=0 || c>=65536)
+		return -1;
+	if(!f)
+		f = __badfmt;
+
+	ep = &fmtalloc.fmt[fmtalloc.nfmt];
+	for(p=fmtalloc.fmt; p<ep; p++)
+		if(p->c == c)
+			break;
+
+	if(p == &fmtalloc.fmt[Maxfmt])
+		return -1;
+
+	p->fmt = f;
+	if(p == ep){	/* installing a new format character */
+		fmtalloc.nfmt++;
+		p->c = c;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+fmtinstall(int c, int (*f)(Fmt*))
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	__fmtlock();
+	ret = __fmtinstall(c, f);
+	__fmtunlock();
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static Fmts
+fmtfmt(int c)
+{
+	Convfmt *p, *ep;
+
+	ep = &fmtalloc.fmt[fmtalloc.nfmt];
+	for(p=fmtalloc.fmt; p<ep; p++)
+		if(p->c == c){
+			while(p->fmt == nil)	/* loop until value is updated */
+				;
+			return p->fmt;
+		}
+
+	/* is this a predefined format char? */
+	__fmtlock();
+	for(p=knownfmt; p->c; p++)
+		if(p->c == c){
+			__fmtinstall(p->c, p->fmt);
+			__fmtunlock();
+			return p->fmt;
+		}
+	__fmtunlock();
+
+	return __badfmt;
+}
+
+void*
+__fmtdispatch(Fmt *f, void *fmt, int isrunes)
+{
+	Rune rune, r;
+	int i, n;
+
+	f->flags = 0;
+	f->width = f->prec = 0;
+
+	for(;;){
+		if(isrunes){
+			r = *(Rune*)fmt;
+			fmt = (Rune*)fmt + 1;
+		}else{
+			fmt = (char*)fmt + chartorune(&rune, (char*)fmt);
+			r = rune;
+		}
+		f->r = r;
+		switch(r){
+		case '\0':
+			return nil;
+		case '.':
+			f->flags |= FmtWidth|FmtPrec;
+			continue;
+		case '0':
+			if(!(f->flags & FmtWidth)){
+				f->flags |= FmtZero;
+				continue;
+			}
+			/* fall through */
+		case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+			i = 0;
+			while(r >= '0' && r <= '9'){
+				i = i * 10 + r - '0';
+				if(isrunes){
+					r = *(Rune*)fmt;
+					fmt = (Rune*)fmt + 1;
+				}else{
+					r = *(char*)fmt;
+					fmt = (char*)fmt + 1;
+				}
+			}
+			if(isrunes)
+				fmt = (Rune*)fmt - 1;
+			else
+				fmt = (char*)fmt - 1;
+		numflag:
+			if(f->flags & FmtWidth){
+				f->flags |= FmtPrec;
+				f->prec = i;
+			}else{
+				f->flags |= FmtWidth;
+				f->width = i;
+			}
+			continue;
+		case '*':
+			i = va_arg(f->args, int);
+			if(i < 0){
+				/*
+				 * negative precision =>
+				 * ignore the precision.
+				 */
+				if(f->flags & FmtPrec){
+					f->flags &= ~FmtPrec;
+					f->prec = 0;
+					continue;
+				}
+				i = -i;
+				f->flags |= FmtLeft;
+			}
+			goto numflag;
+		}
+		n = (*fmtfmt(r))(f);
+		if(n < 0)
+			return nil;
+		if(n == 0)
+			return fmt;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/fmtdef.h b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtdef.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..74cb8a8d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtdef.h
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * dofmt -- format to a buffer
+ * the number of characters formatted is returned,
+ * or -1 if there was an error.
+ * if the buffer is ever filled, flush is called.
+ * it should reset the buffer and return whether formatting should continue.
+ */
+
+typedef int (*Fmts)(Fmt*);
+
+typedef struct Quoteinfo Quoteinfo;
+struct Quoteinfo
+{
+	int	quoted;		/* if set, string must be quoted */
+	int	nrunesin;	/* number of input runes that can be accepted */
+	int	nbytesin;	/* number of input bytes that can be accepted */
+	int	nrunesout;	/* number of runes that will be generated */
+	int	nbytesout;	/* number of bytes that will be generated */
+};
+
+/* Edit .+1,/^$/ |cfn |grep -v static | grep __ */
+double       __Inf(int sign);
+double       __NaN(void);
+int          __badfmt(Fmt *f);
+int          __charfmt(Fmt *f);
+int          __countfmt(Fmt *f);
+int          __efgfmt(Fmt *fmt);
+int          __errfmt(Fmt *f);
+int          __flagfmt(Fmt *f);
+int          __fmtFdFlush(Fmt *f);
+int          __fmtcpy(Fmt *f, const void *vm, int n, int sz);
+void*        __fmtdispatch(Fmt *f, void *fmt, int isrunes);
+void *       __fmtflush(Fmt *f, void *t, int len);
+void         __fmtlock(void);
+int          __fmtpad(Fmt *f, int n);
+double       __fmtpow10(int n);
+int          __fmtrcpy(Fmt *f, const void *vm, int n);
+void         __fmtunlock(void);
+int          __ifmt(Fmt *f);
+int          __isInf(double d, int sign);
+int          __isNaN(double d);
+int          __needsep(int*, char**);
+int          __needsquotes(char *s, int *quotelenp);
+int          __percentfmt(Fmt *f);
+void         __quotesetup(char *s, Rune *r, int nin, int nout, Quoteinfo *q, int sharp, int runesout);
+int          __quotestrfmt(int runesin, Fmt *f);
+int          __rfmtpad(Fmt *f, int n);
+int          __runefmt(Fmt *f);
+int          __runeneedsquotes(Rune *r, int *quotelenp);
+int          __runesfmt(Fmt *f);
+int          __strfmt(Fmt *f);
+
+#define FMTCHAR(f, t, s, c)\
+	do{\
+	if(t + 1 > (char*)s){\
+		t = (char*)__fmtflush(f, t, 1);\
+		if(t != nil)\
+			s = (char*)f->stop;\
+		else\
+			return -1;\
+	}\
+	*t++ = c;\
+	}while(0)
+
+#define FMTRCHAR(f, t, s, c)\
+	do{\
+	if(t + 1 > (Rune*)s){\
+		t = (Rune*)__fmtflush(f, t, sizeof(Rune));\
+		if(t != nil)\
+			s = (Rune*)f->stop;\
+		else\
+			return -1;\
+	}\
+	*t++ = c;\
+	}while(0)
+
+#define FMTRUNE(f, t, s, r)\
+	do{\
+	Rune _rune;\
+	int _runelen;\
+	if(t + UTFmax > (char*)s && t + (_runelen = runelen(r)) > (char*)s){\
+		t = (char*)__fmtflush(f, t, _runelen);\
+		if(t != nil)\
+			s = (char*)f->stop;\
+		else\
+			return -1;\
+	}\
+	if(r < Runeself)\
+		*t++ = r;\
+	else{\
+		_rune = r;\
+		t += runetochar(t, &_rune);\
+	}\
+	}while(0)
+
+#ifdef va_copy
+#	define VA_COPY(a,b) va_copy(a,b)
+#	define VA_END(a) va_end(a)
+#else
+#	define VA_COPY(a,b) (a) = (b)
+#	define VA_END(a)
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/fmtfd.c b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtfd.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c32abf115
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtfd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+/*
+ * public routine for final flush of a formatting buffer
+ * to a file descriptor; returns total char count.
+ */
+int
+fmtfdflush(Fmt *f)
+{
+	if(__fmtFdFlush(f) <= 0)
+		return -1;
+	return f->nfmt;
+}
+
+/*
+ * initialize an output buffer for buffered printing
+ */
+int
+fmtfdinit(Fmt *f, int fd, char *buf, int size)
+{
+	f->runes = 0;
+	f->start = buf;
+	f->to = buf;
+	f->stop = buf + size;
+	f->flush = __fmtFdFlush;
+	f->farg = (void*)(uintptr_t)fd;
+	f->flags = 0;
+	f->nfmt = 0;
+	fmtlocaleinit(f, nil, nil, nil);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/fmtfdflush.c b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtfdflush.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9854cee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtfdflush.c
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+/*
+ * generic routine for flushing a formatting buffer
+ * to a file descriptor
+ */
+int
+__fmtFdFlush(Fmt *f)
+{
+	int n;
+
+	n = (char*)f->to - (char*)f->start;
+	if(n && write((uintptr)f->farg, f->start, n) != n)
+		return 0;
+	f->to = f->start;
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/fmtlocale.c b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtlocale.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64ed10f7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtlocale.c
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+/*
+ * Fill in the internationalization stuff in the State structure.
+ * For nil arguments, provide the sensible defaults:
+ *	decimal is a period
+ *	thousands separator is a comma
+ *	thousands are marked every three digits
+ */
+void
+fmtlocaleinit(Fmt *f, char *decimal, char *thousands, char *grouping)
+{
+	if(decimal == nil || decimal[0] == '\0')
+		decimal = ".";
+	if(thousands == nil)
+		thousands = ",";
+	if(grouping == nil)
+		grouping = "\3";
+	f->decimal = decimal;
+	f->thousands = thousands;
+	f->grouping = grouping;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We are about to emit a digit in e.g. %'d.  If that digit would
+ * overflow a thousands (e.g.) grouping, tell the caller to emit
+ * the thousands separator.  Always advance the digit counter
+ * and pointer into the grouping descriptor.
+ */
+int
+__needsep(int *ndig, char **grouping)
+{
+	int group;
+
+	(*ndig)++;
+	group = *(unsigned char*)*grouping;
+	/* CHAR_MAX means no further grouping. \0 means we got the empty string */
+	if(group == 0xFF || group == 0x7f || group == 0x00)
+		return 0;
+	if(*ndig > group){
+		/* if we're at end of string, continue with this grouping; else advance */
+		if((*grouping)[1] != '\0')
+			(*grouping)++;
+		*ndig = 1;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/fmtlock.c b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtlock.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..297acd8f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtlock.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+void
+__fmtlock(void)
+{
+}
+
+void
+__fmtunlock(void)
+{
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/fmtnull.c b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtnull.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b8caacbf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtnull.c
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+/*
+ * Absorb output without using resources.
+ */
+static Rune nullbuf[32];
+
+static int
+__fmtnullflush(Fmt *f)
+{
+	f->to = nullbuf;
+	f->nfmt = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+fmtnullinit(Fmt *f)
+{
+	memset(f, 0, sizeof *f);
+	f->runes = 1;
+	f->start = nullbuf;
+	f->to = nullbuf;
+	f->stop = nullbuf+nelem(nullbuf);
+	f->flush = __fmtnullflush;
+	fmtlocaleinit(f, nil, nil, nil);
+	return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/fmtprint.c b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtprint.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a29e6faf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtprint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+/*
+ * format a string into the output buffer
+ * designed for formats which themselves call fmt,
+ * but ignore any width flags
+ */
+int
+fmtprint(Fmt *f, char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list va;
+	int n;
+
+	f->flags = 0;
+	f->width = 0;
+	f->prec = 0;
+	VA_COPY(va, f->args);
+	VA_END(f->args);
+	va_start(f->args, fmt);
+	n = dofmt(f, fmt);
+	va_end(f->args);
+	f->flags = 0;
+	f->width = 0;
+	f->prec = 0;
+	VA_COPY(f->args,va);
+	VA_END(va);
+	if(n >= 0)
+		return 0;
+	return n;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/fmtquote.c b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtquote.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9ac772ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtquote.c
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+/*
+ * How many bytes of output UTF will be produced by quoting (if necessary) this string?
+ * How many runes? How much of the input will be consumed?
+ * The parameter q is filled in by __quotesetup.
+ * The string may be UTF or Runes (s or r).
+ * Return count does not include NUL.
+ * Terminate the scan at the first of:
+ *	NUL in input
+ *	count exceeded in input
+ *	count exceeded on output
+ * *ninp is set to number of input bytes accepted.
+ * nin may be <0 initially, to avoid checking input by count.
+ */
+void
+__quotesetup(char *s, Rune *r, int nin, int nout, Quoteinfo *q, int sharp, int runesout)
+{
+	int w;
+	Rune c;
+
+	q->quoted = 0;
+	q->nbytesout = 0;
+	q->nrunesout = 0;
+	q->nbytesin = 0;
+	q->nrunesin = 0;
+	if(sharp || nin==0 || (s && *s=='\0') || (r && *r=='\0')){
+		if(nout < 2)
+			return;
+		q->quoted = 1;
+		q->nbytesout = 2;
+		q->nrunesout = 2;
+	}
+	for(; nin!=0; nin--){
+		if(s)
+			w = chartorune(&c, s);
+		else{
+			c = *r;
+			w = runelen(c);
+		}
+
+		if(c == '\0')
+			break;
+		if(runesout){
+			if(q->nrunesout+1 > nout)
+				break;
+		}else{
+			if(q->nbytesout+w > nout)
+				break;
+		}
+
+		if((c <= L' ') || (c == L'\'') || (fmtdoquote!=nil && fmtdoquote(c))){
+			if(!q->quoted){
+				if(runesout){
+					if(1+q->nrunesout+1+1 > nout)	/* no room for quotes */
+						break;
+				}else{
+					if(1+q->nbytesout+w+1 > nout)	/* no room for quotes */
+						break;
+				}
+				q->nrunesout += 2;	/* include quotes */
+				q->nbytesout += 2;	/* include quotes */
+				q->quoted = 1;
+			}
+			if(c == '\'')	{
+				if(runesout){
+					if(1+q->nrunesout+1 > nout)	/* no room for quotes */
+						break;
+				}else{
+					if(1+q->nbytesout+w > nout)	/* no room for quotes */
+						break;
+				}
+				q->nbytesout++;
+				q->nrunesout++;	/* quotes reproduce as two characters */
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* advance input */
+		if(s)
+			s += w;
+		else
+			r++;
+		q->nbytesin += w;
+		q->nrunesin++;
+
+		/* advance output */
+		q->nbytesout += w;
+		q->nrunesout++;
+
+#ifndef PLAN9PORT
+		/* ANSI requires precision in bytes, not Runes. */
+		nin-= w-1;	/* and then n-- in the loop */
+#endif
+	}
+}
+
+static int
+qstrfmt(char *sin, Rune *rin, Quoteinfo *q, Fmt *f)
+{
+	Rune r, *rm, *rme;
+	char *t, *s, *m, *me;
+	Rune *rt, *rs;
+	ulong fl;
+	int nc, w;
+
+	m = sin;
+	me = m + q->nbytesin;
+	rm = rin;
+	rme = rm + q->nrunesin;
+
+	fl = f->flags;
+	w = 0;
+	if(fl & FmtWidth)
+		w = f->width;
+	if(f->runes){
+		if(!(fl & FmtLeft) && __rfmtpad(f, w - q->nrunesout) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}else{
+		if(!(fl & FmtLeft) && __fmtpad(f, w - q->nbytesout) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	t = (char*)f->to;
+	s = (char*)f->stop;
+	rt = (Rune*)f->to;
+	rs = (Rune*)f->stop;
+	if(f->runes)
+		FMTRCHAR(f, rt, rs, '\'');
+	else
+		FMTRUNE(f, t, s, '\'');
+	for(nc = q->nrunesin; nc > 0; nc--){
+		if(sin){
+			r = *(uchar*)m;
+			if(r < Runeself)
+				m++;
+			else if((me - m) >= UTFmax || fullrune(m, me-m))
+				m += chartorune(&r, m);
+			else
+				break;
+		}else{
+			if(rm >= rme)
+				break;
+			r = *(uchar*)rm++;
+		}
+		if(f->runes){
+			FMTRCHAR(f, rt, rs, r);
+			if(r == '\'')
+				FMTRCHAR(f, rt, rs, r);
+		}else{
+			FMTRUNE(f, t, s, r);
+			if(r == '\'')
+				FMTRUNE(f, t, s, r);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if(f->runes){
+		FMTRCHAR(f, rt, rs, '\'');
+		USED(rs);
+		f->nfmt += rt - (Rune *)f->to;
+		f->to = rt;
+		if(fl & FmtLeft && __rfmtpad(f, w - q->nrunesout) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}else{
+		FMTRUNE(f, t, s, '\'');
+		USED(s);
+		f->nfmt += t - (char *)f->to;
+		f->to = t;
+		if(fl & FmtLeft && __fmtpad(f, w - q->nbytesout) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+__quotestrfmt(int runesin, Fmt *f)
+{
+	int nin, outlen;
+	Rune *r;
+	char *s;
+	Quoteinfo q;
+
+	nin = -1;
+	if(f->flags&FmtPrec)
+		nin = f->prec;
+	if(runesin){
+		r = va_arg(f->args, Rune *);
+		s = nil;
+	}else{
+		s = va_arg(f->args, char *);
+		r = nil;
+	}
+	if(!s && !r)
+		return __fmtcpy(f, (void*)"<nil>", 5, 5);
+
+	if(f->flush)
+		outlen = 0x7FFFFFFF;	/* if we can flush, no output limit */
+	else if(f->runes)
+		outlen = (Rune*)f->stop - (Rune*)f->to;
+	else
+		outlen = (char*)f->stop - (char*)f->to;
+
+	__quotesetup(s, r, nin, outlen, &q, f->flags&FmtSharp, f->runes);
+/*print("bytes in %d bytes out %d runes in %d runesout %d\n", q.nbytesin, q.nbytesout, q.nrunesin, q.nrunesout); */
+
+	if(runesin){
+		if(!q.quoted)
+			return __fmtrcpy(f, r, q.nrunesin);
+		return qstrfmt(nil, r, &q, f);
+	}
+
+	if(!q.quoted)
+		return __fmtcpy(f, s, q.nrunesin, q.nbytesin);
+	return qstrfmt(s, nil, &q, f);
+}
+
+int
+quotestrfmt(Fmt *f)
+{
+	return __quotestrfmt(0, f);
+}
+
+int
+quoterunestrfmt(Fmt *f)
+{
+	return __quotestrfmt(1, f);
+}
+
+void
+quotefmtinstall(void)
+{
+	fmtinstall('q', quotestrfmt);
+	fmtinstall('Q', quoterunestrfmt);
+}
+
+int
+__needsquotes(char *s, int *quotelenp)
+{
+	Quoteinfo q;
+
+	__quotesetup(s, nil, -1, 0x7FFFFFFF, &q, 0, 0);
+	*quotelenp = q.nbytesout;
+
+	return q.quoted;
+}
+
+int
+__runeneedsquotes(Rune *r, int *quotelenp)
+{
+	Quoteinfo q;
+
+	__quotesetup(nil, r, -1, 0x7FFFFFFF, &q, 0, 0);
+	*quotelenp = q.nrunesout;
+
+	return q.quoted;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/fmtrune.c b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtrune.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da8c5d746
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtrune.c
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+int
+fmtrune(Fmt *f, int r)
+{
+	Rune *rt;
+	char *t;
+	int n;
+
+	if(f->runes){
+		rt = (Rune*)f->to;
+		FMTRCHAR(f, rt, f->stop, r);
+		f->to = rt;
+		n = 1;
+	}else{
+		t = (char*)f->to;
+		FMTRUNE(f, t, f->stop, r);
+		n = t - (char*)f->to;
+		f->to = t;
+	}
+	f->nfmt += n;
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/fmtstr.c b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtstr.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6ca7721d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtstr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+char*
+fmtstrflush(Fmt *f)
+{
+	if(f->start == nil)
+		return nil;
+	*(char*)f->to = '\0';
+	f->to = f->start;
+	return (char*)f->start;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/fmtvprint.c b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtvprint.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6acd37a51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/fmtvprint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+
+/*
+ * format a string into the output buffer
+ * designed for formats which themselves call fmt,
+ * but ignore any width flags
+ */
+int
+fmtvprint(Fmt *f, char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+	va_list va;
+	int n;
+
+	f->flags = 0;
+	f->width = 0;
+	f->prec = 0;
+	VA_COPY(va,f->args);
+	VA_END(f->args);
+	VA_COPY(f->args,args);
+	n = dofmt(f, fmt);
+	f->flags = 0;
+	f->width = 0;
+	f->prec = 0;
+	VA_END(f->args);
+	VA_COPY(f->args,va);
+	VA_END(va);
+	if(n >= 0)
+		return 0;
+	return n;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/fprint.c b/src/lib9/fmt/fprint.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70cb1385a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/fprint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+int
+fprint(int fd, char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	int n;
+	va_list args;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	n = vfprint(fd, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	return n;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/nan64.c b/src/lib9/fmt/nan64.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ea702741
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/nan64.c
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * 64-bit IEEE not-a-number routines.
+ * This is big/little-endian portable assuming that
+ * the 64-bit doubles and 64-bit integers have the
+ * same byte ordering.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+static uvlong uvnan    = ((uvlong)0x7FF00000<<32)|0x00000001;
+static uvlong uvinf    = ((uvlong)0x7FF00000<<32)|0x00000000;
+static uvlong uvneginf = ((uvlong)0xFFF00000<<32)|0x00000000;
+
+/* gcc sees through the obvious casts. */
+static uvlong
+d2u(double d)
+{
+	union {
+		uvlong v;
+		double d;
+	} u;
+	assert(sizeof(u.d) == sizeof(u.v));
+	u.d = d;
+	return u.v;
+}
+
+static double
+u2d(uvlong v)
+{
+	union {
+		uvlong v;
+		double d;
+	} u;
+	assert(sizeof(u.d) == sizeof(u.v));
+	u.v = v;
+	return u.d;
+}
+
+double
+__NaN(void)
+{
+	return u2d(uvnan);
+}
+
+int
+__isNaN(double d)
+{
+	uvlong x;
+
+	x = d2u(d);
+	/* IEEE 754: exponent bits 0x7FF and non-zero mantissa */
+	return (x&uvinf) == uvinf && (x&~uvneginf) != 0;
+}
+
+double
+__Inf(int sign)
+{
+	return u2d(sign < 0 ? uvneginf : uvinf);
+}
+
+int
+__isInf(double d, int sign)
+{
+	uvlong x;
+
+	x = d2u(d);
+	if(sign == 0)
+		return x==uvinf || x==uvneginf;
+	else if(sign > 0)
+		return x==uvinf;
+	else
+		return x==uvneginf;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/pow10.c b/src/lib9/fmt/pow10.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e146884a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/pow10.c
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+/*
+ * this table might overflow 127-bit exponent representations.
+ * in that case, truncate it after 1.0e38.
+ * it is important to get all one can from this
+ * routine since it is used in atof to scale numbers.
+ * the presumption is that C converts fp numbers better
+ * than multipication of lower powers of 10.
+ */
+
+static
+double	tab[] =
+{
+	1.0e0, 1.0e1, 1.0e2, 1.0e3, 1.0e4, 1.0e5, 1.0e6, 1.0e7, 1.0e8, 1.0e9,
+	1.0e10,1.0e11,1.0e12,1.0e13,1.0e14,1.0e15,1.0e16,1.0e17,1.0e18,1.0e19,
+	1.0e20,1.0e21,1.0e22,1.0e23,1.0e24,1.0e25,1.0e26,1.0e27,1.0e28,1.0e29,
+	1.0e30,1.0e31,1.0e32,1.0e33,1.0e34,1.0e35,1.0e36,1.0e37,1.0e38,1.0e39,
+	1.0e40,1.0e41,1.0e42,1.0e43,1.0e44,1.0e45,1.0e46,1.0e47,1.0e48,1.0e49,
+	1.0e50,1.0e51,1.0e52,1.0e53,1.0e54,1.0e55,1.0e56,1.0e57,1.0e58,1.0e59,
+	1.0e60,1.0e61,1.0e62,1.0e63,1.0e64,1.0e65,1.0e66,1.0e67,1.0e68,1.0e69,
+};
+
+double
+__fmtpow10(int n)
+{
+	int m;
+
+	if(n < 0) {
+		n = -n;
+		if(n < (int)(sizeof(tab)/sizeof(tab[0])))
+			return 1/tab[n];
+		m = n/2;
+		return __fmtpow10(-m) * __fmtpow10(m-n);
+	}
+	if(n < (int)(sizeof(tab)/sizeof(tab[0])))
+		return tab[n];
+	m = n/2;
+	return __fmtpow10(m) * __fmtpow10(n-m);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/print.c b/src/lib9/fmt/print.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c39457d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/print.c
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+int
+print(char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	int n;
+	va_list args;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	n = vfprint(1, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	return n;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/seprint.c b/src/lib9/fmt/seprint.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88779d90a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/seprint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+char*
+seprint(char *buf, char *e, char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	char *p;
+	va_list args;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	p = vseprint(buf, e, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	return p;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/smprint.c b/src/lib9/fmt/smprint.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c13ffd7dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/smprint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+char*
+smprint(char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	char *p;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	p = vsmprint(fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	return p;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/snprint.c b/src/lib9/fmt/snprint.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..372399c44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/snprint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+int
+snprint(char *buf, int len, char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	int n;
+	va_list args;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	n = vsnprint(buf, len, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	return n;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/sprint.c b/src/lib9/fmt/sprint.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38d430744
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/sprint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+int
+sprint(char *buf, char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	int n;
+	uint len;
+	va_list args;
+
+	len = 1<<30;  /* big number, but sprint is deprecated anyway */
+	/*
+	 * on PowerPC, the stack is near the top of memory, so
+	 * we must be sure not to overflow a 32-bit pointer.
+	 *
+	 * careful!  gcc-4.2 assumes buf+len < buf can never be true and
+	 * optimizes the test away.  casting to uintptr works around this bug.
+	 */
+	if((uintptr)buf+len < (uintptr)buf)
+		len = -(uintptr)buf-1;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	n = vsnprint(buf, len, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	return n;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/test.c b/src/lib9/fmt/test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1710c5e48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+int
+main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	quotefmtinstall();
+	print("hello world\n");
+	print("x: %x\n", 0x87654321);
+	print("u: %u\n", 0x87654321);
+	print("d: %d\n", 0x87654321);
+	print("s: %s\n", "hi there");
+	print("q: %q\n", "hi i'm here");
+	print("c: %c\n", '!');
+	print("g: %g %g %g\n", 3.14159, 3.14159e10, 3.14159e-10);
+	print("e: %e %e %e\n", 3.14159, 3.14159e10, 3.14159e-10);
+	print("f: %f %f %f\n", 3.14159, 3.14159e10, 3.14159e-10);
+	print("smiley: %C\n", (Rune)0x263a);
+	print("%g %.18g\n", 2e25, 2e25);
+	print("%2.18g\n", 1.0);
+	print("%2.18f\n", 1.0);
+	print("%f\n", 3.1415927/4);
+	print("%d\n", 23);
+	print("%i\n", 23);
+	print("%0.10d\n", 12345);
+
+	/* test %4$d formats */
+	print("%3$d %4$06d %2$d %1$d\n", 444, 333, 111, 222);
+	print("%3$d %4$06d %2$d %1$d\n", 444, 333, 111, 222);
+	print("%3$d %4$*5$06d %2$d %1$d\n", 444, 333, 111, 222, 20);
+	print("%3$hd %4$*5$06d %2$d %1$d\n", 444, 333, (short)111, 222, 20);
+	print("%3$lld %4$*5$06d %2$d %1$d\n", 444, 333, 111LL, 222, 20);
+
+	/* test %'d formats */
+	print("%'d %'d %'d\n", 1, 2222, 33333333);
+	print("%'019d\n", 0);
+	print("%08d %08d %08d\n", 1, 2222, 33333333);
+	print("%'08d %'08d %'08d\n", 1, 2222, 33333333);
+	print("%'x %'X %'b\n", 0x11111111, 0xabcd1234, 12345);
+	print("%'lld %'lld %'lld\n", 1LL, 222222222LL, 3333333333333LL);
+	print("%019lld %019lld %019lld\n", 1LL, 222222222LL, 3333333333333LL);
+	print("%'019lld %'019lld %'019lld\n", 1LL, 222222222LL, 3333333333333LL);
+	print("%'020lld %'020lld %'020lld\n", 1LL, 222222222LL, 3333333333333LL);
+	print("%'llx %'llX %'llb\n", 0x111111111111LL, 0xabcd12345678LL, 112342345LL);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/vfprint.c b/src/lib9/fmt/vfprint.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a23c5a0c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/vfprint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+int
+vfprint(int fd, char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+	Fmt f;
+	char buf[256];
+	int n;
+
+	fmtfdinit(&f, fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	VA_COPY(f.args,args);
+	n = dofmt(&f, fmt);
+	VA_END(f.args);
+	if(n > 0 && __fmtFdFlush(&f) == 0)
+		return -1;
+	return n;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/vseprint.c b/src/lib9/fmt/vseprint.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9fbfb956
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/vseprint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+char*
+vseprint(char *buf, char *e, char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+	Fmt f;
+
+	if(e <= buf)
+		return nil;
+	f.runes = 0;
+	f.start = buf;
+	f.to = buf;
+	f.stop = e - 1;
+	f.flush = 0;
+	f.farg = nil;
+	f.nfmt = 0;
+	VA_COPY(f.args,args);
+	fmtlocaleinit(&f, nil, nil, nil);
+	dofmt(&f, fmt);
+	VA_END(f.args);
+	*(char*)f.to = '\0';
+	return (char*)f.to;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/vsmprint.c b/src/lib9/fmt/vsmprint.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4bd0bc4b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/vsmprint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+static int
+fmtStrFlush(Fmt *f)
+{
+	char *s;
+	int n;
+
+	if(f->start == nil)
+		return 0;
+	n = (uintptr)f->farg;
+	n *= 2;
+	s = (char*)f->start;
+	f->start = realloc(s, n);
+	if(f->start == nil){
+		f->farg = nil;
+		f->to = nil;
+		f->stop = nil;
+		free(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	f->farg = (void*)(uintptr)n;
+	f->to = (char*)f->start + ((char*)f->to - s);
+	f->stop = (char*)f->start + n - 1;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int
+fmtstrinit(Fmt *f)
+{
+	int n;
+
+	memset(f, 0, sizeof *f);
+	f->runes = 0;
+	n = 32;
+	f->start = malloc(n);
+	if(f->start == nil)
+		return -1;
+	f->to = f->start;
+	f->stop = (char*)f->start + n - 1;
+	f->flush = fmtStrFlush;
+	f->farg = (void*)(uintptr)n;
+	f->nfmt = 0;
+	fmtlocaleinit(f, nil, nil, nil);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * print into an allocated string buffer
+ */
+char*
+vsmprint(char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+	Fmt f;
+	int n;
+
+	if(fmtstrinit(&f) < 0)
+		return nil;
+	VA_COPY(f.args,args);
+	n = dofmt(&f, fmt);
+	VA_END(f.args);
+	if(n < 0){
+		free(f.start);
+		return nil;
+	}
+	return fmtstrflush(&f);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmt/vsnprint.c b/src/lib9/fmt/vsnprint.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33d6bba4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmt/vsnprint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson,
+ * with contributions from Mike Burrows and Sean Dorward.
+ *
+ *     Copyright (c) 2002-2006 by Lucent Technologies.
+ *     Portions Copyright (c) 2004 Google Inc.
+ * 
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES 
+ * NOR GOOGLE INC MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING 
+ * THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmtdef.h"
+
+int
+vsnprint(char *buf, int len, char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+	Fmt f;
+
+	if(len <= 0)
+		return -1;
+	f.runes = 0;
+	f.start = buf;
+	f.to = buf;
+	f.stop = buf + len - 1;
+	f.flush = 0;
+	f.farg = nil;
+	f.nfmt = 0;
+	VA_COPY(f.args,args);
+	fmtlocaleinit(&f, nil, nil, nil);
+	dofmt(&f, fmt);
+	VA_END(f.args);
+	*(char*)f.to = '\0';
+	return (char*)f.to - buf;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fmtlock2.c b/src/lib9/fmtlock2.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..75406b5d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fmtlock2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/fmtlock2.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/fmtlock2.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+Portions Copyright 2009 The Go Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+void
+__fmtlock(void)
+{
+}
+
+void
+__fmtunlock(void)
+{
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/fork.c b/src/lib9/fork.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0dd79dfb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/fork.c
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/fork.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/fork.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+#include <u.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "9proc.h"
+#undef fork
+
+int
+p9fork(void)
+{
+	int pid;
+	sigset_t all, old;
+
+	sigfillset(&all);
+	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &all, &old);
+	pid = fork();
+	if(pid == 0){
+		_clearuproc();
+		_p9uproc(0);
+	}
+	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &old, nil);
+	return pid;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/getenv.c b/src/lib9/getenv.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d805b516
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/getenv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/getenv.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/getenv.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+#include <u.h>
+#define NOPLAN9DEFINES
+#include <libc.h>
+
+char*
+p9getenv(char *s)
+{
+	char *t;
+
+	t = getenv(s);
+	if(t == 0)
+		return 0;
+	return strdup(t);
+}
+
+int
+p9putenv(char *s, char *v)
+{
+	char *t;
+
+	t = smprint("%s=%s", s, v);
+	if(t == nil)
+		return -1;
+	putenv(t);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/getfields.c b/src/lib9/getfields.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..898328cb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/getfields.c
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+Inferno libkern/getfields.c
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/libkern/getfields.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <lib9.h>
+
+int
+getfields(char *str, char **args, int max, int mflag, char *set)
+{
+	Rune r;
+	int nr, intok, narg;
+
+	if(max <= 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	narg = 0;
+	args[narg] = str;
+	if(!mflag)
+		narg++;
+	intok = 0;
+	for(;; str += nr) {
+		nr = chartorune(&r, str);
+		if(r == 0)
+			break;
+		if(utfrune(set, r)) {
+			if(narg >= max)
+				break;
+			*str = 0;
+			intok = 0;
+			args[narg] = str + nr;
+			if(!mflag)
+				narg++;
+		} else {
+			if(!intok && mflag)
+				narg++;
+			intok = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return narg;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/getuser.c b/src/lib9/getuser.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f70b35c87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/getuser.c
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/getuser.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/getuser.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+char*
+getuser(void)
+{
+	static char user[64];
+	struct passwd *pw;
+
+	pw = getpwuid(getuid());
+	if(pw == nil)
+		return "none";
+	strecpy(user, user+sizeof user, pw->pw_name);
+	return user;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/getwd.c b/src/lib9/getwd.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3dd2b560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/getwd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/getwd.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/getwd.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+#undef getwd
+
+char*
+p9getwd(char *s, int ns)
+{
+	return getcwd(s, ns);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/jmp.c b/src/lib9/jmp.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a606fb07b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/jmp.c
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/jmp.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/jmp.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <u.h>
+#define NOPLAN9DEFINES
+#include <libc.h>
+
+void
+p9longjmp(p9jmp_buf buf, int val)
+{
+	siglongjmp((void*)buf, val);
+}
+
+void
+p9notejmp(void *x, p9jmp_buf buf, int val)
+{
+	USED(x);
+	siglongjmp((void*)buf, val);
+}
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/main.c b/src/lib9/main.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45f86c7ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/main.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/main.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <u.h>
+#define NOPLAN9DEFINES
+#include <libc.h>
+
+extern void p9main(int, char**);
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	p9main(argc, argv);
+	exits("main");
+	return 99;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/nan.c b/src/lib9/nan.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e79943219
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/nan.c
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/nan.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/nan.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#include "fmt/nan.h"
+
+double
+NaN(void)
+{
+	return __NaN();
+}
+
+double
+Inf(int sign)
+{
+	return __Inf(sign);
+}
+
+int
+isNaN(double x)
+{
+	return __isNaN(x);
+}
+
+int
+isInf(double x, int sign)
+{
+	return __isInf(x, sign);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/notify.c b/src/lib9/notify.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84999b887
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/notify.c
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/notify.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/notify.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+/*
+ * Signal handling for Plan 9 programs.
+ * We stubbornly use the strings from Plan 9 instead
+ * of the enumerated Unix constants.
+ * There are some weird translations.  In particular,
+ * a "kill" note is the same as SIGTERM in Unix.
+ * There is no equivalent note to Unix's SIGKILL, since
+ * it's not a deliverable signal anyway.
+ *
+ * We do not handle SIGABRT or SIGSEGV, mainly because
+ * the thread library queues its notes for later, and we want
+ * to dump core with the state at time of delivery.
+ *
+ * We have to add some extra entry points to provide the
+ * ability to tweak which signals are deliverable and which
+ * are acted upon.  Notifydisable and notifyenable play with
+ * the process signal mask.  Notifyignore enables the signal
+ * but will not call notifyf when it comes in.  This is occasionally
+ * useful.
+ */
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#define NOPLAN9DEFINES
+#include <libc.h>
+
+extern char *_p9sigstr(int, char*);
+extern int _p9strsig(char*);
+
+typedef struct Sig Sig;
+struct Sig
+{
+	int sig;			/* signal number */
+	int flags;
+};
+
+enum
+{
+	Restart = 1<<0,
+	Ignore = 1<<1
+};
+
+static Sig sigs[] = {
+	SIGHUP,		0,
+	SIGINT,		0,
+	SIGQUIT,		0,
+	SIGILL,		0,
+	SIGTRAP,		0,
+/*	SIGABRT, 		0, 	*/
+#ifdef SIGEMT
+	SIGEMT,		0,
+#endif
+	SIGFPE,		0,
+	SIGBUS,		0,
+/*	SIGSEGV, 		0, 	*/
+	SIGCHLD,		Restart|Ignore,
+	SIGSYS,		0,
+	SIGPIPE,		Ignore,
+	SIGALRM,		0,
+	SIGTERM,		0,
+	SIGTSTP,		Restart|Ignore,
+/*	SIGTTIN,		Restart|Ignore, */
+/*	SIGTTOU,		Restart|Ignore, */
+	SIGXCPU,		0,
+	SIGXFSZ,		0,
+	SIGVTALRM,	0,
+	SIGUSR1,		0,
+	SIGUSR2,		0,
+#ifdef SIGWINCH
+	SIGWINCH,	Restart|Ignore,
+#endif
+#ifdef SIGINFO
+	SIGINFO,		Restart|Ignore,
+#endif
+};
+
+static Sig*
+findsig(int s)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for(i=0; i<nelem(sigs); i++)
+		if(sigs[i].sig == s)
+			return &sigs[i];
+	return nil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The thread library initializes _notejmpbuf to its own
+ * routine which provides a per-pthread jump buffer.
+ * If we're not using the thread library, we assume we are
+ * single-threaded.
+ */
+typedef struct Jmp Jmp;
+struct Jmp
+{
+	p9jmp_buf b;
+};
+
+static Jmp onejmp;
+
+static Jmp*
+getonejmp(void)
+{
+	return &onejmp;
+}
+
+Jmp *(*_notejmpbuf)(void) = getonejmp;
+static void noteinit(void);
+
+/*
+ * Actual signal handler.
+ */
+
+static void (*notifyf)(void*, char*);	/* Plan 9 handler */
+
+static void
+signotify(int sig)
+{
+	char tmp[64];
+	Jmp *j;
+	Sig *s;
+
+	j = (*_notejmpbuf)();
+	switch(p9setjmp(j->b)){
+	case 0:
+		if(notifyf)
+			(*notifyf)(nil, _p9sigstr(sig, tmp));
+		/* fall through */
+	case 1:	/* noted(NDFLT) */
+		if(0)print("DEFAULT %d\n", sig);
+		s = findsig(sig);
+		if(s && (s->flags&Ignore))
+			return;
+		signal(sig, SIG_DFL);
+		raise(sig);
+		_exit(1);
+	case 2:	/* noted(NCONT) */
+		if(0)print("HANDLED %d\n", sig);
+		return;
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+signonotify(int sig)
+{
+	USED(sig);
+}
+
+int
+noted(int v)
+{
+	p9longjmp((*_notejmpbuf)()->b, v==NCONT ? 2 : 1);
+	abort();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+notify(void (*f)(void*, char*))
+{
+	static int init;
+
+	notifyf = f;
+	if(!init){
+		init = 1;
+		noteinit();
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Nonsense about enabling and disabling signals.
+ */
+typedef void Sighandler(int);
+static Sighandler*
+handler(int s)
+{
+	struct sigaction sa;
+
+	sigaction(s, nil, &sa);
+	return sa.sa_handler;
+}
+
+static int
+notesetenable(int sig, int enabled)
+{
+	sigset_t mask, omask;
+
+	if(sig == 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	sigemptyset(&mask);
+	sigaddset(&mask, sig);
+	sigprocmask(enabled ? SIG_UNBLOCK : SIG_BLOCK, &mask, &omask);
+	return !sigismember(&omask, sig);
+}
+
+int
+noteenable(char *msg)
+{
+	return notesetenable(_p9strsig(msg), 1);
+}
+
+int
+notedisable(char *msg)
+{
+	return notesetenable(_p9strsig(msg), 0);
+}
+
+static int
+notifyseton(int s, int on)
+{
+	Sig *sig;
+	struct sigaction sa, osa;
+
+	sig = findsig(s);
+	if(sig == nil)
+		return -1;
+	memset(&sa, 0, sizeof sa);
+	sa.sa_handler = on ? signotify : signonotify;
+	if(sig->flags&Restart)
+		sa.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART;
+
+	/*
+	 * We can't allow signals within signals because there's
+	 * only one jump buffer.
+	 */
+	sigfillset(&sa.sa_mask);
+
+	/*
+	 * Install handler.
+	 */
+	sigaction(sig->sig, &sa, &osa);
+	return osa.sa_handler == signotify;
+}
+
+int
+notifyon(char *msg)
+{
+	return notifyseton(_p9strsig(msg), 1);
+}
+
+int
+notifyoff(char *msg)
+{
+	return notifyseton(_p9strsig(msg), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialization follows sigs table.
+ */
+static void
+noteinit(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	Sig *sig;
+
+	for(i=0; i<nelem(sigs); i++){
+		sig = &sigs[i];
+		/*
+		 * If someone has already installed a handler,
+		 * It's probably some ld preload nonsense,
+		 * like pct (a SIGVTALRM-based profiler).
+		 * Or maybe someone has already called notifyon/notifyoff.
+		 * Leave it alone.
+		 */
+		if(handler(sig->sig) != SIG_DFL)
+			continue;
+		notifyseton(sig->sig, 1);
+	}
+}
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/nulldir.c b/src/lib9/nulldir.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa1a1232e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/nulldir.c
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+Inferno lib9/nulldir.c
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/lib9/nulldir.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+void
+nulldir(Dir *d)
+{
+	memset(d, ~0, sizeof(Dir));
+	d->name = d->uid = d->gid = d->muid = "";
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/open.c b/src/lib9/open.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1fa3c1bc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/open.c
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/open.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/open.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE	/* for Linux O_DIRECT */
+#include <u.h>
+#define NOPLAN9DEFINES
+#include <sys/file.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#ifndef O_DIRECT
+#define O_DIRECT 0
+#endif
+
+int
+p9open(char *name, int mode)
+{
+	int cexec, rclose;
+	int fd, umode, lock, rdwr;
+	struct flock fl;
+
+	rdwr = mode&3;
+	umode = rdwr;
+	cexec = mode&OCEXEC;
+	rclose = mode&ORCLOSE;
+	lock = mode&OLOCK;
+	mode &= ~(3|OCEXEC|ORCLOSE|OLOCK);
+	if(mode&OTRUNC){
+		umode |= O_TRUNC;
+		mode ^= OTRUNC;
+	}
+	if(mode&ODIRECT){
+		umode |= O_DIRECT;
+		mode ^= ODIRECT;
+	}
+	if(mode&ONONBLOCK){
+		umode |= O_NONBLOCK;
+		mode ^= ONONBLOCK;
+	}
+	if(mode&OAPPEND){
+		umode |= O_APPEND;
+		mode ^= OAPPEND;
+	}
+	if(mode){
+		werrstr("mode 0x%x not supported", mode);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	fd = open(name, umode);
+	if(fd >= 0){
+		if(lock){
+			fl.l_type = (rdwr==OREAD) ? F_RDLCK : F_WRLCK;
+			fl.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
+			fl.l_start = 0;
+			fl.l_len = 0;
+			if(fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, &fl) < 0){
+				close(fd);
+				werrstr("lock: %r");
+				return -1;
+			}
+		}
+		if(cexec)
+			fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, FD_CLOEXEC);
+		if(rclose)
+			remove(name);
+	}
+	return fd;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/pipe.c b/src/lib9/pipe.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a7d07390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/pipe.c
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/getenv.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/getenv.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+#include <u.h>
+#define NOPLAN9DEFINES
+#include <libc.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+/*
+ * We use socketpair to get a two-way pipe.
+ * The pipe still doesn't preserve message boundaries.
+ * Worse, it cannot be reopened via /dev/fd/NNN on Linux.
+ */
+int
+p9pipe(int fd[2])
+{
+	return socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, fd);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/readn.c b/src/lib9/readn.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76e497de8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/readn.c
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+Inferno lib9/readn.c
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/lib9/readn.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <lib9.h>
+
+long
+readn(int f, void *av, long n)
+{
+	char *a;
+	long m, t;
+
+	a = av;
+	t = 0;
+	while(t < n){
+		m = read(f, a+t, n-t);
+		if(m <= 0){
+			if(t == 0)
+				return m;
+			break;
+		}
+		t += m;
+	}
+	return t;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/rfork.c b/src/lib9/rfork.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9d632189
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/rfork.c
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/rfork.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/rfork.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+#undef rfork
+
+static void
+nop(int x)
+{
+	USED(x);
+}
+
+int
+p9rfork(int flags)
+{
+	int pid, status;
+	int p[2];
+	int n;
+	char buf[128], *q;
+	extern char **environ;
+
+	if((flags&(RFPROC|RFFDG|RFMEM)) == (RFPROC|RFFDG)){
+		/* check other flags before we commit */
+		flags &= ~(RFPROC|RFFDG|RFENVG);
+		n = (flags & ~(RFNOTEG|RFNAMEG|RFNOWAIT|RFCENVG));
+		if(n){
+			werrstr("unknown flags %08ux in rfork", n);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if(flags&RFNOWAIT){
+			/*
+			 * BUG - should put the signal handler back after we
+			 * finish, but I just don't care.  If a program calls with
+			 * NOWAIT once, they're not likely to want child notes
+			 * after that.
+			 */
+			signal(SIGCHLD, nop);
+			if(pipe(p) < 0)
+				return -1;
+		}
+		pid = fork();
+		if(pid == -1)
+			return -1;
+		if(flags&RFNOWAIT){
+			flags &= ~RFNOWAIT;
+			if(pid){
+				/*
+				 * Parent - wait for child to fork wait-free child.
+				 * Then read pid from pipe.  Assume pipe buffer can absorb the write.
+				 */
+				close(p[1]);
+				status = 0;
+				if(wait4(pid, &status, 0, 0) < 0){
+					werrstr("pipe dance - wait4 - %r");
+					close(p[0]);
+					return -1;
+				}
+				n = readn(p[0], buf, sizeof buf-1);
+				close(p[0]);
+				if(!WIFEXITED(status) || WEXITSTATUS(status)!=0 || n <= 0){
+					if(!WIFEXITED(status))
+						werrstr("pipe dance - !exited 0x%ux", status);
+					else if(WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0)
+						werrstr("pipe dance - non-zero status 0x%ux", status);
+					else if(n < 0)
+						werrstr("pipe dance - pipe read error - %r");
+					else if(n == 0)
+						werrstr("pipe dance - pipe read eof");
+					else
+						werrstr("pipe dance - unknown failure");
+					return -1;
+				}
+				buf[n] = 0;
+				if(buf[0] == 'x'){
+					werrstr("%s", buf+2);
+					return -1;
+				}
+				pid = strtol(buf, &q, 0);
+			}else{
+				/*
+				 * Child - fork a new child whose wait message can't
+				 * get back to the parent because we're going to exit!
+				 */
+				signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);
+				close(p[0]);
+				pid = fork();
+				if(pid){
+					/* Child parent - send status over pipe and exit. */
+					if(pid > 0)
+						fprint(p[1], "%d", pid);
+					else
+						fprint(p[1], "x %r");
+					close(p[1]);
+					_exit(0);
+				}else{
+					/* Child child - close pipe. */
+					close(p[1]);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if(pid != 0)
+			return pid;
+		if(flags&RFCENVG)
+			if(environ)
+				*environ = nil;
+	}
+	if(flags&RFPROC){
+		werrstr("cannot use rfork for shared memory -- use libthread");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if(flags&RFNAMEG){
+		/* XXX set $NAMESPACE to a new directory */
+		flags &= ~RFNAMEG;
+	}
+	if(flags&RFNOTEG){
+		setpgid(0, getpid());
+		flags &= ~RFNOTEG;
+	}
+	if(flags&RFNOWAIT){
+		werrstr("cannot use RFNOWAIT without RFPROC");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if(flags){
+		werrstr("unknown flags %08ux in rfork", flags);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/seek.c b/src/lib9/seek.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..917003808
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/seek.c
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/seek.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/seek.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+vlong
+seek(int fd, vlong offset, int whence)
+{
+	return lseek(fd, offset, whence);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/strecpy.c b/src/lib9/strecpy.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f38b524c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/strecpy.c
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+Inferno lib9/strecpy.c
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/lib9/strecpy.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <lib9.h>
+
+char*
+strecpy(char *to, char *e, char *from)
+{
+	if(to >= e)
+		return to;
+	to = memccpy(to, from, '\0', e - to);
+	if(to == nil){
+		to = e - 1;
+		*to = '\0';
+	}else{
+		to--;
+	}
+	return to;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/sysfatal.c b/src/lib9/sysfatal.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a5af3e1b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/sysfatal.c
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+Plan 9 from User Space src/lib9/sysfatal.c
+http://code.swtch.com/plan9port/src/tip/src/lib9/sysfatal.c
+
+Copyright 2001-2007 Russ Cox.  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <u.h>
+#include <libc.h>
+
+void (*_sysfatal)(char*, ...);
+
+void
+sysfatal(char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	char buf[256];
+	va_list arg;
+
+	va_start(arg, fmt);
+	if(_sysfatal)
+		(*_sysfatal)(fmt, arg);
+	vseprint(buf, buf+sizeof buf, fmt, arg);
+	va_end(arg);
+
+	__fixargv0();
+	fprint(2, "%s: %s\n", argv0 ? argv0 : "<prog>", buf);
+	exits("fatal");
+}
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/tokenize.c b/src/lib9/tokenize.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b8c0e778
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/tokenize.c
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/*
+Inferno lib9/tokenize.c
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/lib9/tokenize.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include <lib9.h>
+
+static char qsep[] = " \t\r\n";
+
+static char*
+qtoken(char *s, char *sep)
+{
+	int quoting;
+	char *t;
+
+	quoting = 0;
+	t = s;	/* s is output string, t is input string */
+	while(*t!='\0' && (quoting || utfrune(sep, *t)==nil)){
+		if(*t != '\''){
+			*s++ = *t++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		/* *t is a quote */
+		if(!quoting){
+			quoting = 1;
+			t++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		/* quoting and we're on a quote */
+		if(t[1] != '\''){
+			/* end of quoted section; absorb closing quote */
+			t++;
+			quoting = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+		/* doubled quote; fold one quote into two */
+		t++;
+		*s++ = *t++;
+	}
+	if(*s != '\0'){
+		*s = '\0';
+		if(t == s)
+			t++;
+	}
+	return t;
+}
+
+static char*
+etoken(char *t, char *sep)
+{
+	int quoting;
+
+	/* move to end of next token */
+	quoting = 0;
+	while(*t!='\0' && (quoting || utfrune(sep, *t)==nil)){
+		if(*t != '\''){
+			t++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		/* *t is a quote */
+		if(!quoting){
+			quoting = 1;
+			t++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		/* quoting and we're on a quote */
+		if(t[1] != '\''){
+			/* end of quoted section; absorb closing quote */
+			t++;
+			quoting = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+		/* doubled quote; fold one quote into two */
+		t += 2;
+	}
+	return t;
+}
+
+int
+gettokens(char *s, char **args, int maxargs, char *sep)
+{
+	int nargs;
+
+	for(nargs=0; nargs<maxargs; nargs++){
+		while(*s!='\0' && utfrune(sep, *s)!=nil)
+			*s++ = '\0';
+		if(*s == '\0')
+			break;
+		args[nargs] = s;
+		s = etoken(s, sep);
+	}
+
+	return nargs;
+}
+
+int
+tokenize(char *s, char **args, int maxargs)
+{
+	int nargs;
+
+	for(nargs=0; nargs<maxargs; nargs++){
+		while(*s!='\0' && utfrune(qsep, *s)!=nil)
+			s++;
+		if(*s == '\0')
+			break;
+		args[nargs] = s;
+		s = qtoken(s, qsep);
+	}
+
+	return nargs;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/utf/rune.c b/src/lib9/utf/rune.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d6831b02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/utf/rune.c
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson.
+ *              Copyright (c) 2002 by Lucent Technologies.
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES MAKE
+ * ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "plan9.h"
+#include "utf.h"
+
+enum
+{
+	Bit1	= 7,
+	Bitx	= 6,
+	Bit2	= 5,
+	Bit3	= 4,
+	Bit4	= 3,
+
+	T1	= ((1<<(Bit1+1))-1) ^ 0xFF,	/* 0000 0000 */
+	Tx	= ((1<<(Bitx+1))-1) ^ 0xFF,	/* 1000 0000 */
+	T2	= ((1<<(Bit2+1))-1) ^ 0xFF,	/* 1100 0000 */
+	T3	= ((1<<(Bit3+1))-1) ^ 0xFF,	/* 1110 0000 */
+	T4	= ((1<<(Bit4+1))-1) ^ 0xFF,	/* 1111 0000 */
+
+	Rune1	= (1<<(Bit1+0*Bitx))-1,		/* 0000 0000 0111 1111 */
+	Rune2	= (1<<(Bit2+1*Bitx))-1,		/* 0000 0111 1111 1111 */
+	Rune3	= (1<<(Bit3+2*Bitx))-1,		/* 1111 1111 1111 1111 */
+
+	Maskx	= (1<<Bitx)-1,			/* 0011 1111 */
+	Testx	= Maskx ^ 0xFF,			/* 1100 0000 */
+
+	Bad	= Runeerror
+};
+
+int
+chartorune(Rune *rune, char *str)
+{
+	int c, c1, c2;
+	long l;
+
+	/*
+	 * one character sequence
+	 *	00000-0007F => T1
+	 */
+	c = *(uchar*)str;
+	if(c < Tx) {
+		*rune = c;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * two character sequence
+	 *	0080-07FF => T2 Tx
+	 */
+	c1 = *(uchar*)(str+1) ^ Tx;
+	if(c1 & Testx)
+		goto bad;
+	if(c < T3) {
+		if(c < T2)
+			goto bad;
+		l = ((c << Bitx) | c1) & Rune2;
+		if(l <= Rune1)
+			goto bad;
+		*rune = l;
+		return 2;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * three character sequence
+	 *	0800-FFFF => T3 Tx Tx
+	 */
+	c2 = *(uchar*)(str+2) ^ Tx;
+	if(c2 & Testx)
+		goto bad;
+	if(c < T4) {
+		l = ((((c << Bitx) | c1) << Bitx) | c2) & Rune3;
+		if(l <= Rune2)
+			goto bad;
+		*rune = l;
+		return 3;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * bad decoding
+	 */
+bad:
+	*rune = Bad;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int
+runetochar(char *str, Rune *rune)
+{
+	long c;
+
+	/*
+	 * one character sequence
+	 *	00000-0007F => 00-7F
+	 */
+	c = *rune;
+	if(c <= Rune1) {
+		str[0] = c;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * two character sequence
+	 *	0080-07FF => T2 Tx
+	 */
+	if(c <= Rune2) {
+		str[0] = T2 | (c >> 1*Bitx);
+		str[1] = Tx | (c & Maskx);
+		return 2;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * three character sequence
+	 *	0800-FFFF => T3 Tx Tx
+	 */
+	str[0] = T3 |  (c >> 2*Bitx);
+	str[1] = Tx | ((c >> 1*Bitx) & Maskx);
+	str[2] = Tx |  (c & Maskx);
+	return 3;
+}
+
+int
+runelen(long c)
+{
+	Rune rune;
+	char str[10];
+
+	rune = c;
+	return runetochar(str, &rune);
+}
+
+int
+runenlen(Rune *r, int nrune)
+{
+	int nb, c;
+
+	nb = 0;
+	while(nrune--) {
+		c = *r++;
+		if(c <= Rune1)
+			nb++;
+		else
+		if(c <= Rune2)
+			nb += 2;
+		else
+			nb += 3;
+	}
+	return nb;
+}
+
+int
+fullrune(char *str, int n)
+{
+	int c;
+
+	if(n > 0) {
+		c = *(uchar*)str;
+		if(c < Tx)
+			return 1;
+		if(n > 1)
+			if(c < T3 || n > 2)
+				return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/utf/runetype.c b/src/lib9/utf/runetype.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac6d7b576
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/utf/runetype.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1151 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson.
+ *              Copyright (c) 2002 by Lucent Technologies.
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES MAKE
+ * ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "plan9.h"
+#include "utf.h"
+
+/*
+ * alpha ranges -
+ *	only covers ranges not in lower||upper
+ */
+static
+Rune	__alpha2[] =
+{
+	0x00d8,	0x00f6,	/* Ø - ö */
+	0x00f8,	0x01f5,	/* ø - ǵ */
+	0x0250,	0x02a8,	/* ɐ - ʨ */
+	0x038e,	0x03a1,	/* Ύ - Ρ */
+	0x03a3,	0x03ce,	/* Σ - ώ */
+	0x03d0,	0x03d6,	/* ϐ - ϖ */
+	0x03e2,	0x03f3,	/* Ϣ - ϳ */
+	0x0490,	0x04c4,	/* Ґ - ӄ */
+	0x0561,	0x0587,	/* ա - և */
+	0x05d0,	0x05ea,	/* א - ת */
+	0x05f0,	0x05f2,	/* װ - ײ */
+	0x0621,	0x063a,	/* ء - غ */
+	0x0640,	0x064a,	/* ـ - ي */
+	0x0671,	0x06b7,	/* ٱ - ڷ */
+	0x06ba,	0x06be,	/* ں - ھ */
+	0x06c0,	0x06ce,	/* ۀ - ێ */
+	0x06d0,	0x06d3,	/* ې - ۓ */
+	0x0905,	0x0939,	/* अ - ह */
+	0x0958,	0x0961,	/* क़ - ॡ */
+	0x0985,	0x098c,	/* অ - ঌ */
+	0x098f,	0x0990,	/* এ - ঐ */
+	0x0993,	0x09a8,	/* ও - ন */
+	0x09aa,	0x09b0,	/* প - র */
+	0x09b6,	0x09b9,	/* শ - হ */
+	0x09dc,	0x09dd,	/* ড় - ঢ় */
+	0x09df,	0x09e1,	/* য় - ৡ */
+	0x09f0,	0x09f1,	/* ৰ - ৱ */
+	0x0a05,	0x0a0a,	/* ਅ - ਊ */
+	0x0a0f,	0x0a10,	/* ਏ - ਐ */
+	0x0a13,	0x0a28,	/* ਓ - ਨ */
+	0x0a2a,	0x0a30,	/* ਪ - ਰ */
+	0x0a32,	0x0a33,	/* ਲ - ਲ਼ */
+	0x0a35,	0x0a36,	/* ਵ - ਸ਼ */
+	0x0a38,	0x0a39,	/* ਸ - ਹ */
+	0x0a59,	0x0a5c,	/* ਖ਼ - ੜ */
+	0x0a85,	0x0a8b,	/* અ - ઋ */
+	0x0a8f,	0x0a91,	/* એ - ઑ */
+	0x0a93,	0x0aa8,	/* ઓ - ન */
+	0x0aaa,	0x0ab0,	/* પ - ર */
+	0x0ab2,	0x0ab3,	/* લ - ળ */
+	0x0ab5,	0x0ab9,	/* વ - હ */
+	0x0b05,	0x0b0c,	/* ଅ - ଌ */
+	0x0b0f,	0x0b10,	/* ଏ - ଐ */
+	0x0b13,	0x0b28,	/* ଓ - ନ */
+	0x0b2a,	0x0b30,	/* ପ - ର */
+	0x0b32,	0x0b33,	/* ଲ - ଳ */
+	0x0b36,	0x0b39,	/* ଶ - ହ */
+	0x0b5c,	0x0b5d,	/* ଡ଼ - ଢ଼ */
+	0x0b5f,	0x0b61,	/* ୟ - ୡ */
+	0x0b85,	0x0b8a,	/* அ - ஊ */
+	0x0b8e,	0x0b90,	/* எ - ஐ */
+	0x0b92,	0x0b95,	/* ஒ - க */
+	0x0b99,	0x0b9a,	/* ங - ச */
+	0x0b9e,	0x0b9f,	/* ஞ - ட */
+	0x0ba3,	0x0ba4,	/* ண - த */
+	0x0ba8,	0x0baa,	/* ந - ப */
+	0x0bae,	0x0bb5,	/* ம - வ */
+	0x0bb7,	0x0bb9,	/* ஷ - ஹ */
+	0x0c05,	0x0c0c,	/* అ - ఌ */
+	0x0c0e,	0x0c10,	/* ఎ - ఐ */
+	0x0c12,	0x0c28,	/* ఒ - న */
+	0x0c2a,	0x0c33,	/* ప - ళ */
+	0x0c35,	0x0c39,	/* వ - హ */
+	0x0c60,	0x0c61,	/* ౠ - ౡ */
+	0x0c85,	0x0c8c,	/* ಅ - ಌ */
+	0x0c8e,	0x0c90,	/* ಎ - ಐ */
+	0x0c92,	0x0ca8,	/* ಒ - ನ */
+	0x0caa,	0x0cb3,	/* ಪ - ಳ */
+	0x0cb5,	0x0cb9,	/* ವ - ಹ */
+	0x0ce0,	0x0ce1,	/* ೠ - ೡ */
+	0x0d05,	0x0d0c,	/* അ - ഌ */
+	0x0d0e,	0x0d10,	/* എ - ഐ */
+	0x0d12,	0x0d28,	/* ഒ - ന */
+	0x0d2a,	0x0d39,	/* പ - ഹ */
+	0x0d60,	0x0d61,	/* ൠ - ൡ */
+	0x0e01,	0x0e30,	/* ก - ะ */
+	0x0e32,	0x0e33,	/* า - ำ */
+	0x0e40,	0x0e46,	/* เ - ๆ */
+	0x0e5a,	0x0e5b,	/* ๚ - ๛ */
+	0x0e81,	0x0e82,	/* ກ - ຂ */
+	0x0e87,	0x0e88,	/* ງ - ຈ */
+	0x0e94,	0x0e97,	/* ດ - ທ */
+	0x0e99,	0x0e9f,	/* ນ - ຟ */
+	0x0ea1,	0x0ea3,	/* ມ - ຣ */
+	0x0eaa,	0x0eab,	/* ສ - ຫ */
+	0x0ead,	0x0eae,	/* ອ - ຮ */
+	0x0eb2,	0x0eb3,	/* າ - ຳ */
+	0x0ec0,	0x0ec4,	/* ເ - ໄ */
+	0x0edc,	0x0edd,	/* ໜ - ໝ */
+	0x0f18,	0x0f19,	/* ༘ - ༙ */
+	0x0f40,	0x0f47,	/* ཀ - ཇ */
+	0x0f49,	0x0f69,	/* ཉ - ཀྵ */
+	0x10d0,	0x10f6,	/* ა - ჶ */
+	0x1100,	0x1159,	/* ᄀ - ᅙ */
+	0x115f,	0x11a2,	/* ᅟ - ᆢ */
+	0x11a8,	0x11f9,	/* ᆨ - ᇹ */
+	0x1e00,	0x1e9b,	/* Ḁ - ẛ */
+	0x1f50,	0x1f57,	/* ὐ - ὗ */
+	0x1f80,	0x1fb4,	/* ᾀ - ᾴ */
+	0x1fb6,	0x1fbc,	/* ᾶ - ᾼ */
+	0x1fc2,	0x1fc4,	/* ῂ - ῄ */
+	0x1fc6,	0x1fcc,	/* ῆ - ῌ */
+	0x1fd0,	0x1fd3,	/* ῐ - ΐ */
+	0x1fd6,	0x1fdb,	/* ῖ - Ί */
+	0x1fe0,	0x1fec,	/* ῠ - Ῥ */
+	0x1ff2,	0x1ff4,	/* ῲ - ῴ */
+	0x1ff6,	0x1ffc,	/* ῶ - ῼ */
+	0x210a,	0x2113,	/* ℊ - ℓ */
+	0x2115,	0x211d,	/* ℕ - ℝ */
+	0x2120,	0x2122,	/* ℠ - ™ */
+	0x212a,	0x2131,	/* K - ℱ */
+	0x2133,	0x2138,	/* ℳ - ℸ */
+	0x3041,	0x3094,	/* ぁ - ゔ */
+	0x30a1,	0x30fa,	/* ァ - ヺ */
+	0x3105,	0x312c,	/* ㄅ - ㄬ */
+	0x3131,	0x318e,	/* ㄱ - ㆎ */
+	0x3192,	0x319f,	/* ㆒ - ㆟ */
+	0x3260,	0x327b,	/* ㉠ - ㉻ */
+	0x328a,	0x32b0,	/* ㊊ - ㊰ */
+	0x32d0,	0x32fe,	/* ㋐ - ㋾ */
+	0x3300,	0x3357,	/* ㌀ - ㍗ */
+	0x3371,	0x3376,	/* ㍱ - ㍶ */
+	0x337b,	0x3394,	/* ㍻ - ㎔ */
+	0x3399,	0x339e,	/* ㎙ - ㎞ */
+	0x33a9,	0x33ad,	/* ㎩ - ㎭ */
+	0x33b0,	0x33c1,	/* ㎰ - ㏁ */
+	0x33c3,	0x33c5,	/* ㏃ - ㏅ */
+	0x33c7,	0x33d7,	/* ㏇ - ㏗ */
+	0x33d9,	0x33dd,	/* ㏙ - ㏝ */
+	0x4e00,	0x9fff,	/* 一 - 鿿 */
+	0xac00,	0xd7a3,	/* 가 - 힣 */
+	0xf900,	0xfb06,	/* 豈 - st */
+	0xfb13,	0xfb17,	/* ﬓ - ﬗ */
+	0xfb1f,	0xfb28,	/* ײַ - ﬨ */
+	0xfb2a,	0xfb36,	/* שׁ - זּ */
+	0xfb38,	0xfb3c,	/* טּ - לּ */
+	0xfb40,	0xfb41,	/* נּ - סּ */
+	0xfb43,	0xfb44,	/* ףּ - פּ */
+	0xfb46,	0xfbb1,	/* צּ - ﮱ */
+	0xfbd3,	0xfd3d,	/* ﯓ - ﴽ */
+	0xfd50,	0xfd8f,	/* ﵐ - ﶏ */
+	0xfd92,	0xfdc7,	/* ﶒ - ﷇ */
+	0xfdf0,	0xfdf9,	/* ﷰ - ﷹ */
+	0xfe70,	0xfe72,	/* ﹰ - ﹲ */
+	0xfe76,	0xfefc,	/* ﹶ - ﻼ */
+	0xff66,	0xff6f,	/* ｦ - ｯ */
+	0xff71,	0xff9d,	/* ｱ - ﾝ */
+	0xffa0,	0xffbe,	/* ﾠ - ﾾ */
+	0xffc2,	0xffc7,	/* ￂ - ￇ */
+	0xffca,	0xffcf,	/* ￊ - ￏ */
+	0xffd2,	0xffd7,	/* ￒ - ￗ */
+	0xffda,	0xffdc,	/* ￚ - ￜ */
+};
+
+/*
+ * alpha singlets -
+ *	only covers ranges not in lower||upper
+ */
+static
+Rune	__alpha1[] =
+{
+	0x00aa,	/* ª */
+	0x00b5,	/* µ */
+	0x00ba,	/* º */
+	0x03da,	/* Ϛ */
+	0x03dc,	/* Ϝ */
+	0x03de,	/* Ϟ */
+	0x03e0,	/* Ϡ */
+	0x06d5,	/* ە */
+	0x09b2,	/* ল */
+	0x0a5e,	/* ਫ਼ */
+	0x0a8d,	/* ઍ */
+	0x0ae0,	/* ૠ */
+	0x0b9c,	/* ஜ */
+	0x0cde,	/* ೞ */
+	0x0e4f,	/* ๏ */
+	0x0e84,	/* ຄ */
+	0x0e8a,	/* ຊ */
+	0x0e8d,	/* ຍ */
+	0x0ea5,	/* ລ */
+	0x0ea7,	/* ວ */
+	0x0eb0,	/* ະ */
+	0x0ebd,	/* ຽ */
+	0x1fbe,	/* ι */
+	0x207f,	/* ⁿ */
+	0x20a8,	/* ₨ */
+	0x2102,	/* ℂ */
+	0x2107,	/* ℇ */
+	0x2124,	/* ℤ */
+	0x2126,	/* Ω */
+	0x2128,	/* ℨ */
+	0xfb3e,	/* מּ */
+	0xfe74,	/* ﹴ */
+};
+
+/*
+ * space ranges
+ */
+static
+Rune	__space2[] =
+{
+	0x0009,	0x000a,	/* tab and newline */
+	0x0020,	0x0020,	/* space */
+	0x00a0,	0x00a0,	/*   */
+	0x2000,	0x200b,	/*   - ​ */
+	0x2028,	0x2029,	/* 
 - 
 */
+	0x3000,	0x3000,	/* 　 */
+	0xfeff,	0xfeff,	/*  */
+};
+
+/*
+ * lower case ranges
+ *	3rd col is conversion excess 500
+ */
+static
+Rune	__toupper2[] =
+{
+	0x0061,	0x007a, 468,	/* a-z A-Z */
+	0x00e0,	0x00f6, 468,	/* à-ö À-Ö */
+	0x00f8,	0x00fe, 468,	/* ø-þ Ø-Þ */
+	0x0256,	0x0257, 295,	/* ɖ-ɗ Ɖ-Ɗ */
+	0x0258,	0x0259, 298,	/* ɘ-ə Ǝ-Ə */
+	0x028a,	0x028b, 283,	/* ʊ-ʋ Ʊ-Ʋ */
+	0x03ad,	0x03af, 463,	/* έ-ί Έ-Ί */
+	0x03b1,	0x03c1, 468,	/* α-ρ Α-Ρ */
+	0x03c3,	0x03cb, 468,	/* σ-ϋ Σ-Ϋ */
+	0x03cd,	0x03ce, 437,	/* ύ-ώ Ύ-Ώ */
+	0x0430,	0x044f, 468,	/* а-я А-Я */
+	0x0451,	0x045c, 420,	/* ё-ќ Ё-Ќ */
+	0x045e,	0x045f, 420,	/* ў-џ Ў-Џ */
+	0x0561,	0x0586, 452,	/* ա-ֆ Ա-Ֆ */
+	0x1f00,	0x1f07, 508,	/* ἀ-ἇ Ἀ-Ἇ */
+	0x1f10,	0x1f15, 508,	/* ἐ-ἕ Ἐ-Ἕ */
+	0x1f20,	0x1f27, 508,	/* ἠ-ἧ Ἠ-Ἧ */
+	0x1f30,	0x1f37, 508,	/* ἰ-ἷ Ἰ-Ἷ */
+	0x1f40,	0x1f45, 508,	/* ὀ-ὅ Ὀ-Ὅ */
+	0x1f60,	0x1f67, 508,	/* ὠ-ὧ Ὠ-Ὧ */
+	0x1f70,	0x1f71, 574,	/* ὰ-ά Ὰ-Ά */
+	0x1f72,	0x1f75, 586,	/* ὲ-ή Ὲ-Ή */
+	0x1f76,	0x1f77, 600,	/* ὶ-ί Ὶ-Ί */
+	0x1f78,	0x1f79, 628,	/* ὸ-ό Ὸ-Ό */
+	0x1f7a,	0x1f7b, 612,	/* ὺ-ύ Ὺ-Ύ */
+	0x1f7c,	0x1f7d, 626,	/* ὼ-ώ Ὼ-Ώ */
+	0x1f80,	0x1f87, 508,	/* ᾀ-ᾇ ᾈ-ᾏ */
+	0x1f90,	0x1f97, 508,	/* ᾐ-ᾗ ᾘ-ᾟ */
+	0x1fa0,	0x1fa7, 508,	/* ᾠ-ᾧ ᾨ-ᾯ */
+	0x1fb0,	0x1fb1, 508,	/* ᾰ-ᾱ Ᾰ-Ᾱ */
+	0x1fd0,	0x1fd1, 508,	/* ῐ-ῑ Ῐ-Ῑ */
+	0x1fe0,	0x1fe1, 508,	/* ῠ-ῡ Ῠ-Ῡ */
+	0x2170,	0x217f, 484,	/* ⅰ-ⅿ Ⅰ-Ⅿ */
+	0x24d0,	0x24e9, 474,	/* ⓐ-ⓩ Ⓐ-Ⓩ */
+	0xff41,	0xff5a, 468,	/* ａ-ｚ Ａ-Ｚ */
+};
+
+/*
+ * lower case singlets
+ *	2nd col is conversion excess 500
+ */
+static
+Rune	__toupper1[] =
+{
+	0x00ff, 621,	/* ÿ Ÿ */
+	0x0101, 499,	/* ā Ā */
+	0x0103, 499,	/* ă Ă */
+	0x0105, 499,	/* ą Ą */
+	0x0107, 499,	/* ć Ć */
+	0x0109, 499,	/* ĉ Ĉ */
+	0x010b, 499,	/* ċ Ċ */
+	0x010d, 499,	/* č Č */
+	0x010f, 499,	/* ď Ď */
+	0x0111, 499,	/* đ Đ */
+	0x0113, 499,	/* ē Ē */
+	0x0115, 499,	/* ĕ Ĕ */
+	0x0117, 499,	/* ė Ė */
+	0x0119, 499,	/* ę Ę */
+	0x011b, 499,	/* ě Ě */
+	0x011d, 499,	/* ĝ Ĝ */
+	0x011f, 499,	/* ğ Ğ */
+	0x0121, 499,	/* ġ Ġ */
+	0x0123, 499,	/* ģ Ģ */
+	0x0125, 499,	/* ĥ Ĥ */
+	0x0127, 499,	/* ħ Ħ */
+	0x0129, 499,	/* ĩ Ĩ */
+	0x012b, 499,	/* ī Ī */
+	0x012d, 499,	/* ĭ Ĭ */
+	0x012f, 499,	/* į Į */
+	0x0131, 268,	/* ı I */
+	0x0133, 499,	/* ij IJ */
+	0x0135, 499,	/* ĵ Ĵ */
+	0x0137, 499,	/* ķ Ķ */
+	0x013a, 499,	/* ĺ Ĺ */
+	0x013c, 499,	/* ļ Ļ */
+	0x013e, 499,	/* ľ Ľ */
+	0x0140, 499,	/* ŀ Ŀ */
+	0x0142, 499,	/* ł Ł */
+	0x0144, 499,	/* ń Ń */
+	0x0146, 499,	/* ņ Ņ */
+	0x0148, 499,	/* ň Ň */
+	0x014b, 499,	/* ŋ Ŋ */
+	0x014d, 499,	/* ō Ō */
+	0x014f, 499,	/* ŏ Ŏ */
+	0x0151, 499,	/* ő Ő */
+	0x0153, 499,	/* œ Œ */
+	0x0155, 499,	/* ŕ Ŕ */
+	0x0157, 499,	/* ŗ Ŗ */
+	0x0159, 499,	/* ř Ř */
+	0x015b, 499,	/* ś Ś */
+	0x015d, 499,	/* ŝ Ŝ */
+	0x015f, 499,	/* ş Ş */
+	0x0161, 499,	/* š Š */
+	0x0163, 499,	/* ţ Ţ */
+	0x0165, 499,	/* ť Ť */
+	0x0167, 499,	/* ŧ Ŧ */
+	0x0169, 499,	/* ũ Ũ */
+	0x016b, 499,	/* ū Ū */
+	0x016d, 499,	/* ŭ Ŭ */
+	0x016f, 499,	/* ů Ů */
+	0x0171, 499,	/* ű Ű */
+	0x0173, 499,	/* ų Ų */
+	0x0175, 499,	/* ŵ Ŵ */
+	0x0177, 499,	/* ŷ Ŷ */
+	0x017a, 499,	/* ź Ź */
+	0x017c, 499,	/* ż Ż */
+	0x017e, 499,	/* ž Ž */
+	0x017f, 200,	/* ſ S */
+	0x0183, 499,	/* ƃ Ƃ */
+	0x0185, 499,	/* ƅ Ƅ */
+	0x0188, 499,	/* ƈ Ƈ */
+	0x018c, 499,	/* ƌ Ƌ */
+	0x0192, 499,	/* ƒ Ƒ */
+	0x0199, 499,	/* ƙ Ƙ */
+	0x01a1, 499,	/* ơ Ơ */
+	0x01a3, 499,	/* ƣ Ƣ */
+	0x01a5, 499,	/* ƥ Ƥ */
+	0x01a8, 499,	/* ƨ Ƨ */
+	0x01ad, 499,	/* ƭ Ƭ */
+	0x01b0, 499,	/* ư Ư */
+	0x01b4, 499,	/* ƴ Ƴ */
+	0x01b6, 499,	/* ƶ Ƶ */
+	0x01b9, 499,	/* ƹ Ƹ */
+	0x01bd, 499,	/* ƽ Ƽ */
+	0x01c5, 499,	/* Dž DŽ */
+	0x01c6, 498,	/* dž DŽ */
+	0x01c8, 499,	/* Lj LJ */
+	0x01c9, 498,	/* lj LJ */
+	0x01cb, 499,	/* Nj NJ */
+	0x01cc, 498,	/* nj NJ */
+	0x01ce, 499,	/* ǎ Ǎ */
+	0x01d0, 499,	/* ǐ Ǐ */
+	0x01d2, 499,	/* ǒ Ǒ */
+	0x01d4, 499,	/* ǔ Ǔ */
+	0x01d6, 499,	/* ǖ Ǖ */
+	0x01d8, 499,	/* ǘ Ǘ */
+	0x01da, 499,	/* ǚ Ǚ */
+	0x01dc, 499,	/* ǜ Ǜ */
+	0x01df, 499,	/* ǟ Ǟ */
+	0x01e1, 499,	/* ǡ Ǡ */
+	0x01e3, 499,	/* ǣ Ǣ */
+	0x01e5, 499,	/* ǥ Ǥ */
+	0x01e7, 499,	/* ǧ Ǧ */
+	0x01e9, 499,	/* ǩ Ǩ */
+	0x01eb, 499,	/* ǫ Ǫ */
+	0x01ed, 499,	/* ǭ Ǭ */
+	0x01ef, 499,	/* ǯ Ǯ */
+	0x01f2, 499,	/* Dz DZ */
+	0x01f3, 498,	/* dz DZ */
+	0x01f5, 499,	/* ǵ Ǵ */
+	0x01fb, 499,	/* ǻ Ǻ */
+	0x01fd, 499,	/* ǽ Ǽ */
+	0x01ff, 499,	/* ǿ Ǿ */
+	0x0201, 499,	/* ȁ Ȁ */
+	0x0203, 499,	/* ȃ Ȃ */
+	0x0205, 499,	/* ȅ Ȅ */
+	0x0207, 499,	/* ȇ Ȇ */
+	0x0209, 499,	/* ȉ Ȉ */
+	0x020b, 499,	/* ȋ Ȋ */
+	0x020d, 499,	/* ȍ Ȍ */
+	0x020f, 499,	/* ȏ Ȏ */
+	0x0211, 499,	/* ȑ Ȑ */
+	0x0213, 499,	/* ȓ Ȓ */
+	0x0215, 499,	/* ȕ Ȕ */
+	0x0217, 499,	/* ȗ Ȗ */
+	0x0253, 290,	/* ɓ Ɓ */
+	0x0254, 294,	/* ɔ Ɔ */
+	0x025b, 297,	/* ɛ Ɛ */
+	0x0260, 295,	/* ɠ Ɠ */
+	0x0263, 293,	/* ɣ Ɣ */
+	0x0268, 291,	/* ɨ Ɨ */
+	0x0269, 289,	/* ɩ Ɩ */
+	0x026f, 289,	/* ɯ Ɯ */
+	0x0272, 287,	/* ɲ Ɲ */
+	0x0283, 282,	/* ʃ Ʃ */
+	0x0288, 282,	/* ʈ Ʈ */
+	0x0292, 281,	/* ʒ Ʒ */
+	0x03ac, 462,	/* ά Ά */
+	0x03cc, 436,	/* ό Ό */
+	0x03d0, 438,	/* ϐ Β */
+	0x03d1, 443,	/* ϑ Θ */
+	0x03d5, 453,	/* ϕ Φ */
+	0x03d6, 446,	/* ϖ Π */
+	0x03e3, 499,	/* ϣ Ϣ */
+	0x03e5, 499,	/* ϥ Ϥ */
+	0x03e7, 499,	/* ϧ Ϧ */
+	0x03e9, 499,	/* ϩ Ϩ */
+	0x03eb, 499,	/* ϫ Ϫ */
+	0x03ed, 499,	/* ϭ Ϭ */
+	0x03ef, 499,	/* ϯ Ϯ */
+	0x03f0, 414,	/* ϰ Κ */
+	0x03f1, 420,	/* ϱ Ρ */
+	0x0461, 499,	/* ѡ Ѡ */
+	0x0463, 499,	/* ѣ Ѣ */
+	0x0465, 499,	/* ѥ Ѥ */
+	0x0467, 499,	/* ѧ Ѧ */
+	0x0469, 499,	/* ѩ Ѩ */
+	0x046b, 499,	/* ѫ Ѫ */
+	0x046d, 499,	/* ѭ Ѭ */
+	0x046f, 499,	/* ѯ Ѯ */
+	0x0471, 499,	/* ѱ Ѱ */
+	0x0473, 499,	/* ѳ Ѳ */
+	0x0475, 499,	/* ѵ Ѵ */
+	0x0477, 499,	/* ѷ Ѷ */
+	0x0479, 499,	/* ѹ Ѹ */
+	0x047b, 499,	/* ѻ Ѻ */
+	0x047d, 499,	/* ѽ Ѽ */
+	0x047f, 499,	/* ѿ Ѿ */
+	0x0481, 499,	/* ҁ Ҁ */
+	0x0491, 499,	/* ґ Ґ */
+	0x0493, 499,	/* ғ Ғ */
+	0x0495, 499,	/* ҕ Ҕ */
+	0x0497, 499,	/* җ Җ */
+	0x0499, 499,	/* ҙ Ҙ */
+	0x049b, 499,	/* қ Қ */
+	0x049d, 499,	/* ҝ Ҝ */
+	0x049f, 499,	/* ҟ Ҟ */
+	0x04a1, 499,	/* ҡ Ҡ */
+	0x04a3, 499,	/* ң Ң */
+	0x04a5, 499,	/* ҥ Ҥ */
+	0x04a7, 499,	/* ҧ Ҧ */
+	0x04a9, 499,	/* ҩ Ҩ */
+	0x04ab, 499,	/* ҫ Ҫ */
+	0x04ad, 499,	/* ҭ Ҭ */
+	0x04af, 499,	/* ү Ү */
+	0x04b1, 499,	/* ұ Ұ */
+	0x04b3, 499,	/* ҳ Ҳ */
+	0x04b5, 499,	/* ҵ Ҵ */
+	0x04b7, 499,	/* ҷ Ҷ */
+	0x04b9, 499,	/* ҹ Ҹ */
+	0x04bb, 499,	/* һ Һ */
+	0x04bd, 499,	/* ҽ Ҽ */
+	0x04bf, 499,	/* ҿ Ҿ */
+	0x04c2, 499,	/* ӂ Ӂ */
+	0x04c4, 499,	/* ӄ Ӄ */
+	0x04c8, 499,	/* ӈ Ӈ */
+	0x04cc, 499,	/* ӌ Ӌ */
+	0x04d1, 499,	/* ӑ Ӑ */
+	0x04d3, 499,	/* ӓ Ӓ */
+	0x04d5, 499,	/* ӕ Ӕ */
+	0x04d7, 499,	/* ӗ Ӗ */
+	0x04d9, 499,	/* ә Ә */
+	0x04db, 499,	/* ӛ Ӛ */
+	0x04dd, 499,	/* ӝ Ӝ */
+	0x04df, 499,	/* ӟ Ӟ */
+	0x04e1, 499,	/* ӡ Ӡ */
+	0x04e3, 499,	/* ӣ Ӣ */
+	0x04e5, 499,	/* ӥ Ӥ */
+	0x04e7, 499,	/* ӧ Ӧ */
+	0x04e9, 499,	/* ө Ө */
+	0x04eb, 499,	/* ӫ Ӫ */
+	0x04ef, 499,	/* ӯ Ӯ */
+	0x04f1, 499,	/* ӱ Ӱ */
+	0x04f3, 499,	/* ӳ Ӳ */
+	0x04f5, 499,	/* ӵ Ӵ */
+	0x04f9, 499,	/* ӹ Ӹ */
+	0x1e01, 499,	/* ḁ Ḁ */
+	0x1e03, 499,	/* ḃ Ḃ */
+	0x1e05, 499,	/* ḅ Ḅ */
+	0x1e07, 499,	/* ḇ Ḇ */
+	0x1e09, 499,	/* ḉ Ḉ */
+	0x1e0b, 499,	/* ḋ Ḋ */
+	0x1e0d, 499,	/* ḍ Ḍ */
+	0x1e0f, 499,	/* ḏ Ḏ */
+	0x1e11, 499,	/* ḑ Ḑ */
+	0x1e13, 499,	/* ḓ Ḓ */
+	0x1e15, 499,	/* ḕ Ḕ */
+	0x1e17, 499,	/* ḗ Ḗ */
+	0x1e19, 499,	/* ḙ Ḙ */
+	0x1e1b, 499,	/* ḛ Ḛ */
+	0x1e1d, 499,	/* ḝ Ḝ */
+	0x1e1f, 499,	/* ḟ Ḟ */
+	0x1e21, 499,	/* ḡ Ḡ */
+	0x1e23, 499,	/* ḣ Ḣ */
+	0x1e25, 499,	/* ḥ Ḥ */
+	0x1e27, 499,	/* ḧ Ḧ */
+	0x1e29, 499,	/* ḩ Ḩ */
+	0x1e2b, 499,	/* ḫ Ḫ */
+	0x1e2d, 499,	/* ḭ Ḭ */
+	0x1e2f, 499,	/* ḯ Ḯ */
+	0x1e31, 499,	/* ḱ Ḱ */
+	0x1e33, 499,	/* ḳ Ḳ */
+	0x1e35, 499,	/* ḵ Ḵ */
+	0x1e37, 499,	/* ḷ Ḷ */
+	0x1e39, 499,	/* ḹ Ḹ */
+	0x1e3b, 499,	/* ḻ Ḻ */
+	0x1e3d, 499,	/* ḽ Ḽ */
+	0x1e3f, 499,	/* ḿ Ḿ */
+	0x1e41, 499,	/* ṁ Ṁ */
+	0x1e43, 499,	/* ṃ Ṃ */
+	0x1e45, 499,	/* ṅ Ṅ */
+	0x1e47, 499,	/* ṇ Ṇ */
+	0x1e49, 499,	/* ṉ Ṉ */
+	0x1e4b, 499,	/* ṋ Ṋ */
+	0x1e4d, 499,	/* ṍ Ṍ */
+	0x1e4f, 499,	/* ṏ Ṏ */
+	0x1e51, 499,	/* ṑ Ṑ */
+	0x1e53, 499,	/* ṓ Ṓ */
+	0x1e55, 499,	/* ṕ Ṕ */
+	0x1e57, 499,	/* ṗ Ṗ */
+	0x1e59, 499,	/* ṙ Ṙ */
+	0x1e5b, 499,	/* ṛ Ṛ */
+	0x1e5d, 499,	/* ṝ Ṝ */
+	0x1e5f, 499,	/* ṟ Ṟ */
+	0x1e61, 499,	/* ṡ Ṡ */
+	0x1e63, 499,	/* ṣ Ṣ */
+	0x1e65, 499,	/* ṥ Ṥ */
+	0x1e67, 499,	/* ṧ Ṧ */
+	0x1e69, 499,	/* ṩ Ṩ */
+	0x1e6b, 499,	/* ṫ Ṫ */
+	0x1e6d, 499,	/* ṭ Ṭ */
+	0x1e6f, 499,	/* ṯ Ṯ */
+	0x1e71, 499,	/* ṱ Ṱ */
+	0x1e73, 499,	/* ṳ Ṳ */
+	0x1e75, 499,	/* ṵ Ṵ */
+	0x1e77, 499,	/* ṷ Ṷ */
+	0x1e79, 499,	/* ṹ Ṹ */
+	0x1e7b, 499,	/* ṻ Ṻ */
+	0x1e7d, 499,	/* ṽ Ṽ */
+	0x1e7f, 499,	/* ṿ Ṿ */
+	0x1e81, 499,	/* ẁ Ẁ */
+	0x1e83, 499,	/* ẃ Ẃ */
+	0x1e85, 499,	/* ẅ Ẅ */
+	0x1e87, 499,	/* ẇ Ẇ */
+	0x1e89, 499,	/* ẉ Ẉ */
+	0x1e8b, 499,	/* ẋ Ẋ */
+	0x1e8d, 499,	/* ẍ Ẍ */
+	0x1e8f, 499,	/* ẏ Ẏ */
+	0x1e91, 499,	/* ẑ Ẑ */
+	0x1e93, 499,	/* ẓ Ẓ */
+	0x1e95, 499,	/* ẕ Ẕ */
+	0x1ea1, 499,	/* ạ Ạ */
+	0x1ea3, 499,	/* ả Ả */
+	0x1ea5, 499,	/* ấ Ấ */
+	0x1ea7, 499,	/* ầ Ầ */
+	0x1ea9, 499,	/* ẩ Ẩ */
+	0x1eab, 499,	/* ẫ Ẫ */
+	0x1ead, 499,	/* ậ Ậ */
+	0x1eaf, 499,	/* ắ Ắ */
+	0x1eb1, 499,	/* ằ Ằ */
+	0x1eb3, 499,	/* ẳ Ẳ */
+	0x1eb5, 499,	/* ẵ Ẵ */
+	0x1eb7, 499,	/* ặ Ặ */
+	0x1eb9, 499,	/* ẹ Ẹ */
+	0x1ebb, 499,	/* ẻ Ẻ */
+	0x1ebd, 499,	/* ẽ Ẽ */
+	0x1ebf, 499,	/* ế Ế */
+	0x1ec1, 499,	/* ề Ề */
+	0x1ec3, 499,	/* ể Ể */
+	0x1ec5, 499,	/* ễ Ễ */
+	0x1ec7, 499,	/* ệ Ệ */
+	0x1ec9, 499,	/* ỉ Ỉ */
+	0x1ecb, 499,	/* ị Ị */
+	0x1ecd, 499,	/* ọ Ọ */
+	0x1ecf, 499,	/* ỏ Ỏ */
+	0x1ed1, 499,	/* ố Ố */
+	0x1ed3, 499,	/* ồ Ồ */
+	0x1ed5, 499,	/* ổ Ổ */
+	0x1ed7, 499,	/* ỗ Ỗ */
+	0x1ed9, 499,	/* ộ Ộ */
+	0x1edb, 499,	/* ớ Ớ */
+	0x1edd, 499,	/* ờ Ờ */
+	0x1edf, 499,	/* ở Ở */
+	0x1ee1, 499,	/* ỡ Ỡ */
+	0x1ee3, 499,	/* ợ Ợ */
+	0x1ee5, 499,	/* ụ Ụ */
+	0x1ee7, 499,	/* ủ Ủ */
+	0x1ee9, 499,	/* ứ Ứ */
+	0x1eeb, 499,	/* ừ Ừ */
+	0x1eed, 499,	/* ử Ử */
+	0x1eef, 499,	/* ữ Ữ */
+	0x1ef1, 499,	/* ự Ự */
+	0x1ef3, 499,	/* ỳ Ỳ */
+	0x1ef5, 499,	/* ỵ Ỵ */
+	0x1ef7, 499,	/* ỷ Ỷ */
+	0x1ef9, 499,	/* ỹ Ỹ */
+	0x1f51, 508,	/* ὑ Ὑ */
+	0x1f53, 508,	/* ὓ Ὓ */
+	0x1f55, 508,	/* ὕ Ὕ */
+	0x1f57, 508,	/* ὗ Ὗ */
+	0x1fb3, 509,	/* ᾳ ᾼ */
+	0x1fc3, 509,	/* ῃ ῌ */
+	0x1fe5, 507,	/* ῥ Ῥ */
+	0x1ff3, 509,	/* ῳ ῼ */
+};
+
+/*
+ * upper case ranges
+ *	3rd col is conversion excess 500
+ */
+static
+Rune	__tolower2[] =
+{
+	0x0041,	0x005a, 532,	/* A-Z a-z */
+	0x00c0,	0x00d6, 532,	/* À-Ö à-ö */
+	0x00d8,	0x00de, 532,	/* Ø-Þ ø-þ */
+	0x0189,	0x018a, 705,	/* Ɖ-Ɗ ɖ-ɗ */
+	0x018e,	0x018f, 702,	/* Ǝ-Ə ɘ-ə */
+	0x01b1,	0x01b2, 717,	/* Ʊ-Ʋ ʊ-ʋ */
+	0x0388,	0x038a, 537,	/* Έ-Ί έ-ί */
+	0x038e,	0x038f, 563,	/* Ύ-Ώ ύ-ώ */
+	0x0391,	0x03a1, 532,	/* Α-Ρ α-ρ */
+	0x03a3,	0x03ab, 532,	/* Σ-Ϋ σ-ϋ */
+	0x0401,	0x040c, 580,	/* Ё-Ќ ё-ќ */
+	0x040e,	0x040f, 580,	/* Ў-Џ ў-џ */
+	0x0410,	0x042f, 532,	/* А-Я а-я */
+	0x0531,	0x0556, 548,	/* Ա-Ֆ ա-ֆ */
+	0x10a0,	0x10c5, 548,	/* Ⴀ-Ⴥ ა-ჵ */
+	0x1f08,	0x1f0f, 492,	/* Ἀ-Ἇ ἀ-ἇ */
+	0x1f18,	0x1f1d, 492,	/* Ἐ-Ἕ ἐ-ἕ */
+	0x1f28,	0x1f2f, 492,	/* Ἠ-Ἧ ἠ-ἧ */
+	0x1f38,	0x1f3f, 492,	/* Ἰ-Ἷ ἰ-ἷ */
+	0x1f48,	0x1f4d, 492,	/* Ὀ-Ὅ ὀ-ὅ */
+	0x1f68,	0x1f6f, 492,	/* Ὠ-Ὧ ὠ-ὧ */
+	0x1f88,	0x1f8f, 492,	/* ᾈ-ᾏ ᾀ-ᾇ */
+	0x1f98,	0x1f9f, 492,	/* ᾘ-ᾟ ᾐ-ᾗ */
+	0x1fa8,	0x1faf, 492,	/* ᾨ-ᾯ ᾠ-ᾧ */
+	0x1fb8,	0x1fb9, 492,	/* Ᾰ-Ᾱ ᾰ-ᾱ */
+	0x1fba,	0x1fbb, 426,	/* Ὰ-Ά ὰ-ά */
+	0x1fc8,	0x1fcb, 414,	/* Ὲ-Ή ὲ-ή */
+	0x1fd8,	0x1fd9, 492,	/* Ῐ-Ῑ ῐ-ῑ */
+	0x1fda,	0x1fdb, 400,	/* Ὶ-Ί ὶ-ί */
+	0x1fe8,	0x1fe9, 492,	/* Ῠ-Ῡ ῠ-ῡ */
+	0x1fea,	0x1feb, 388,	/* Ὺ-Ύ ὺ-ύ */
+	0x1ff8,	0x1ff9, 372,	/* Ὸ-Ό ὸ-ό */
+	0x1ffa,	0x1ffb, 374,	/* Ὼ-Ώ ὼ-ώ */
+	0x2160,	0x216f, 516,	/* Ⅰ-Ⅿ ⅰ-ⅿ */
+	0x24b6,	0x24cf, 526,	/* Ⓐ-Ⓩ ⓐ-ⓩ */
+	0xff21,	0xff3a, 532,	/* Ａ-Ｚ ａ-ｚ */
+};
+
+/*
+ * upper case singlets
+ *	2nd col is conversion excess 500
+ */
+static
+Rune	__tolower1[] =
+{
+	0x0100, 501,	/* Ā ā */
+	0x0102, 501,	/* Ă ă */
+	0x0104, 501,	/* Ą ą */
+	0x0106, 501,	/* Ć ć */
+	0x0108, 501,	/* Ĉ ĉ */
+	0x010a, 501,	/* Ċ ċ */
+	0x010c, 501,	/* Č č */
+	0x010e, 501,	/* Ď ď */
+	0x0110, 501,	/* Đ đ */
+	0x0112, 501,	/* Ē ē */
+	0x0114, 501,	/* Ĕ ĕ */
+	0x0116, 501,	/* Ė ė */
+	0x0118, 501,	/* Ę ę */
+	0x011a, 501,	/* Ě ě */
+	0x011c, 501,	/* Ĝ ĝ */
+	0x011e, 501,	/* Ğ ğ */
+	0x0120, 501,	/* Ġ ġ */
+	0x0122, 501,	/* Ģ ģ */
+	0x0124, 501,	/* Ĥ ĥ */
+	0x0126, 501,	/* Ħ ħ */
+	0x0128, 501,	/* Ĩ ĩ */
+	0x012a, 501,	/* Ī ī */
+	0x012c, 501,	/* Ĭ ĭ */
+	0x012e, 501,	/* Į į */
+	0x0130, 301,	/* İ i */
+	0x0132, 501,	/* IJ ij */
+	0x0134, 501,	/* Ĵ ĵ */
+	0x0136, 501,	/* Ķ ķ */
+	0x0139, 501,	/* Ĺ ĺ */
+	0x013b, 501,	/* Ļ ļ */
+	0x013d, 501,	/* Ľ ľ */
+	0x013f, 501,	/* Ŀ ŀ */
+	0x0141, 501,	/* Ł ł */
+	0x0143, 501,	/* Ń ń */
+	0x0145, 501,	/* Ņ ņ */
+	0x0147, 501,	/* Ň ň */
+	0x014a, 501,	/* Ŋ ŋ */
+	0x014c, 501,	/* Ō ō */
+	0x014e, 501,	/* Ŏ ŏ */
+	0x0150, 501,	/* Ő ő */
+	0x0152, 501,	/* Œ œ */
+	0x0154, 501,	/* Ŕ ŕ */
+	0x0156, 501,	/* Ŗ ŗ */
+	0x0158, 501,	/* Ř ř */
+	0x015a, 501,	/* Ś ś */
+	0x015c, 501,	/* Ŝ ŝ */
+	0x015e, 501,	/* Ş ş */
+	0x0160, 501,	/* Š š */
+	0x0162, 501,	/* Ţ ţ */
+	0x0164, 501,	/* Ť ť */
+	0x0166, 501,	/* Ŧ ŧ */
+	0x0168, 501,	/* Ũ ũ */
+	0x016a, 501,	/* Ū ū */
+	0x016c, 501,	/* Ŭ ŭ */
+	0x016e, 501,	/* Ů ů */
+	0x0170, 501,	/* Ű ű */
+	0x0172, 501,	/* Ų ų */
+	0x0174, 501,	/* Ŵ ŵ */
+	0x0176, 501,	/* Ŷ ŷ */
+	0x0178, 379,	/* Ÿ ÿ */
+	0x0179, 501,	/* Ź ź */
+	0x017b, 501,	/* Ż ż */
+	0x017d, 501,	/* Ž ž */
+	0x0181, 710,	/* Ɓ ɓ */
+	0x0182, 501,	/* Ƃ ƃ */
+	0x0184, 501,	/* Ƅ ƅ */
+	0x0186, 706,	/* Ɔ ɔ */
+	0x0187, 501,	/* Ƈ ƈ */
+	0x018b, 501,	/* Ƌ ƌ */
+	0x0190, 703,	/* Ɛ ɛ */
+	0x0191, 501,	/* Ƒ ƒ */
+	0x0193, 705,	/* Ɠ ɠ */
+	0x0194, 707,	/* Ɣ ɣ */
+	0x0196, 711,	/* Ɩ ɩ */
+	0x0197, 709,	/* Ɨ ɨ */
+	0x0198, 501,	/* Ƙ ƙ */
+	0x019c, 711,	/* Ɯ ɯ */
+	0x019d, 713,	/* Ɲ ɲ */
+	0x01a0, 501,	/* Ơ ơ */
+	0x01a2, 501,	/* Ƣ ƣ */
+	0x01a4, 501,	/* Ƥ ƥ */
+	0x01a7, 501,	/* Ƨ ƨ */
+	0x01a9, 718,	/* Ʃ ʃ */
+	0x01ac, 501,	/* Ƭ ƭ */
+	0x01ae, 718,	/* Ʈ ʈ */
+	0x01af, 501,	/* Ư ư */
+	0x01b3, 501,	/* Ƴ ƴ */
+	0x01b5, 501,	/* Ƶ ƶ */
+	0x01b7, 719,	/* Ʒ ʒ */
+	0x01b8, 501,	/* Ƹ ƹ */
+	0x01bc, 501,	/* Ƽ ƽ */
+	0x01c4, 502,	/* DŽ dž */
+	0x01c5, 501,	/* Dž dž */
+	0x01c7, 502,	/* LJ lj */
+	0x01c8, 501,	/* Lj lj */
+	0x01ca, 502,	/* NJ nj */
+	0x01cb, 501,	/* Nj nj */
+	0x01cd, 501,	/* Ǎ ǎ */
+	0x01cf, 501,	/* Ǐ ǐ */
+	0x01d1, 501,	/* Ǒ ǒ */
+	0x01d3, 501,	/* Ǔ ǔ */
+	0x01d5, 501,	/* Ǖ ǖ */
+	0x01d7, 501,	/* Ǘ ǘ */
+	0x01d9, 501,	/* Ǚ ǚ */
+	0x01db, 501,	/* Ǜ ǜ */
+	0x01de, 501,	/* Ǟ ǟ */
+	0x01e0, 501,	/* Ǡ ǡ */
+	0x01e2, 501,	/* Ǣ ǣ */
+	0x01e4, 501,	/* Ǥ ǥ */
+	0x01e6, 501,	/* Ǧ ǧ */
+	0x01e8, 501,	/* Ǩ ǩ */
+	0x01ea, 501,	/* Ǫ ǫ */
+	0x01ec, 501,	/* Ǭ ǭ */
+	0x01ee, 501,	/* Ǯ ǯ */
+	0x01f1, 502,	/* DZ dz */
+	0x01f2, 501,	/* Dz dz */
+	0x01f4, 501,	/* Ǵ ǵ */
+	0x01fa, 501,	/* Ǻ ǻ */
+	0x01fc, 501,	/* Ǽ ǽ */
+	0x01fe, 501,	/* Ǿ ǿ */
+	0x0200, 501,	/* Ȁ ȁ */
+	0x0202, 501,	/* Ȃ ȃ */
+	0x0204, 501,	/* Ȅ ȅ */
+	0x0206, 501,	/* Ȇ ȇ */
+	0x0208, 501,	/* Ȉ ȉ */
+	0x020a, 501,	/* Ȋ ȋ */
+	0x020c, 501,	/* Ȍ ȍ */
+	0x020e, 501,	/* Ȏ ȏ */
+	0x0210, 501,	/* Ȑ ȑ */
+	0x0212, 501,	/* Ȓ ȓ */
+	0x0214, 501,	/* Ȕ ȕ */
+	0x0216, 501,	/* Ȗ ȗ */
+	0x0386, 538,	/* Ά ά */
+	0x038c, 564,	/* Ό ό */
+	0x03e2, 501,	/* Ϣ ϣ */
+	0x03e4, 501,	/* Ϥ ϥ */
+	0x03e6, 501,	/* Ϧ ϧ */
+	0x03e8, 501,	/* Ϩ ϩ */
+	0x03ea, 501,	/* Ϫ ϫ */
+	0x03ec, 501,	/* Ϭ ϭ */
+	0x03ee, 501,	/* Ϯ ϯ */
+	0x0460, 501,	/* Ѡ ѡ */
+	0x0462, 501,	/* Ѣ ѣ */
+	0x0464, 501,	/* Ѥ ѥ */
+	0x0466, 501,	/* Ѧ ѧ */
+	0x0468, 501,	/* Ѩ ѩ */
+	0x046a, 501,	/* Ѫ ѫ */
+	0x046c, 501,	/* Ѭ ѭ */
+	0x046e, 501,	/* Ѯ ѯ */
+	0x0470, 501,	/* Ѱ ѱ */
+	0x0472, 501,	/* Ѳ ѳ */
+	0x0474, 501,	/* Ѵ ѵ */
+	0x0476, 501,	/* Ѷ ѷ */
+	0x0478, 501,	/* Ѹ ѹ */
+	0x047a, 501,	/* Ѻ ѻ */
+	0x047c, 501,	/* Ѽ ѽ */
+	0x047e, 501,	/* Ѿ ѿ */
+	0x0480, 501,	/* Ҁ ҁ */
+	0x0490, 501,	/* Ґ ґ */
+	0x0492, 501,	/* Ғ ғ */
+	0x0494, 501,	/* Ҕ ҕ */
+	0x0496, 501,	/* Җ җ */
+	0x0498, 501,	/* Ҙ ҙ */
+	0x049a, 501,	/* Қ қ */
+	0x049c, 501,	/* Ҝ ҝ */
+	0x049e, 501,	/* Ҟ ҟ */
+	0x04a0, 501,	/* Ҡ ҡ */
+	0x04a2, 501,	/* Ң ң */
+	0x04a4, 501,	/* Ҥ ҥ */
+	0x04a6, 501,	/* Ҧ ҧ */
+	0x04a8, 501,	/* Ҩ ҩ */
+	0x04aa, 501,	/* Ҫ ҫ */
+	0x04ac, 501,	/* Ҭ ҭ */
+	0x04ae, 501,	/* Ү ү */
+	0x04b0, 501,	/* Ұ ұ */
+	0x04b2, 501,	/* Ҳ ҳ */
+	0x04b4, 501,	/* Ҵ ҵ */
+	0x04b6, 501,	/* Ҷ ҷ */
+	0x04b8, 501,	/* Ҹ ҹ */
+	0x04ba, 501,	/* Һ һ */
+	0x04bc, 501,	/* Ҽ ҽ */
+	0x04be, 501,	/* Ҿ ҿ */
+	0x04c1, 501,	/* Ӂ ӂ */
+	0x04c3, 501,	/* Ӄ ӄ */
+	0x04c7, 501,	/* Ӈ ӈ */
+	0x04cb, 501,	/* Ӌ ӌ */
+	0x04d0, 501,	/* Ӑ ӑ */
+	0x04d2, 501,	/* Ӓ ӓ */
+	0x04d4, 501,	/* Ӕ ӕ */
+	0x04d6, 501,	/* Ӗ ӗ */
+	0x04d8, 501,	/* Ә ә */
+	0x04da, 501,	/* Ӛ ӛ */
+	0x04dc, 501,	/* Ӝ ӝ */
+	0x04de, 501,	/* Ӟ ӟ */
+	0x04e0, 501,	/* Ӡ ӡ */
+	0x04e2, 501,	/* Ӣ ӣ */
+	0x04e4, 501,	/* Ӥ ӥ */
+	0x04e6, 501,	/* Ӧ ӧ */
+	0x04e8, 501,	/* Ө ө */
+	0x04ea, 501,	/* Ӫ ӫ */
+	0x04ee, 501,	/* Ӯ ӯ */
+	0x04f0, 501,	/* Ӱ ӱ */
+	0x04f2, 501,	/* Ӳ ӳ */
+	0x04f4, 501,	/* Ӵ ӵ */
+	0x04f8, 501,	/* Ӹ ӹ */
+	0x1e00, 501,	/* Ḁ ḁ */
+	0x1e02, 501,	/* Ḃ ḃ */
+	0x1e04, 501,	/* Ḅ ḅ */
+	0x1e06, 501,	/* Ḇ ḇ */
+	0x1e08, 501,	/* Ḉ ḉ */
+	0x1e0a, 501,	/* Ḋ ḋ */
+	0x1e0c, 501,	/* Ḍ ḍ */
+	0x1e0e, 501,	/* Ḏ ḏ */
+	0x1e10, 501,	/* Ḑ ḑ */
+	0x1e12, 501,	/* Ḓ ḓ */
+	0x1e14, 501,	/* Ḕ ḕ */
+	0x1e16, 501,	/* Ḗ ḗ */
+	0x1e18, 501,	/* Ḙ ḙ */
+	0x1e1a, 501,	/* Ḛ ḛ */
+	0x1e1c, 501,	/* Ḝ ḝ */
+	0x1e1e, 501,	/* Ḟ ḟ */
+	0x1e20, 501,	/* Ḡ ḡ */
+	0x1e22, 501,	/* Ḣ ḣ */
+	0x1e24, 501,	/* Ḥ ḥ */
+	0x1e26, 501,	/* Ḧ ḧ */
+	0x1e28, 501,	/* Ḩ ḩ */
+	0x1e2a, 501,	/* Ḫ ḫ */
+	0x1e2c, 501,	/* Ḭ ḭ */
+	0x1e2e, 501,	/* Ḯ ḯ */
+	0x1e30, 501,	/* Ḱ ḱ */
+	0x1e32, 501,	/* Ḳ ḳ */
+	0x1e34, 501,	/* Ḵ ḵ */
+	0x1e36, 501,	/* Ḷ ḷ */
+	0x1e38, 501,	/* Ḹ ḹ */
+	0x1e3a, 501,	/* Ḻ ḻ */
+	0x1e3c, 501,	/* Ḽ ḽ */
+	0x1e3e, 501,	/* Ḿ ḿ */
+	0x1e40, 501,	/* Ṁ ṁ */
+	0x1e42, 501,	/* Ṃ ṃ */
+	0x1e44, 501,	/* Ṅ ṅ */
+	0x1e46, 501,	/* Ṇ ṇ */
+	0x1e48, 501,	/* Ṉ ṉ */
+	0x1e4a, 501,	/* Ṋ ṋ */
+	0x1e4c, 501,	/* Ṍ ṍ */
+	0x1e4e, 501,	/* Ṏ ṏ */
+	0x1e50, 501,	/* Ṑ ṑ */
+	0x1e52, 501,	/* Ṓ ṓ */
+	0x1e54, 501,	/* Ṕ ṕ */
+	0x1e56, 501,	/* Ṗ ṗ */
+	0x1e58, 501,	/* Ṙ ṙ */
+	0x1e5a, 501,	/* Ṛ ṛ */
+	0x1e5c, 501,	/* Ṝ ṝ */
+	0x1e5e, 501,	/* Ṟ ṟ */
+	0x1e60, 501,	/* Ṡ ṡ */
+	0x1e62, 501,	/* Ṣ ṣ */
+	0x1e64, 501,	/* Ṥ ṥ */
+	0x1e66, 501,	/* Ṧ ṧ */
+	0x1e68, 501,	/* Ṩ ṩ */
+	0x1e6a, 501,	/* Ṫ ṫ */
+	0x1e6c, 501,	/* Ṭ ṭ */
+	0x1e6e, 501,	/* Ṯ ṯ */
+	0x1e70, 501,	/* Ṱ ṱ */
+	0x1e72, 501,	/* Ṳ ṳ */
+	0x1e74, 501,	/* Ṵ ṵ */
+	0x1e76, 501,	/* Ṷ ṷ */
+	0x1e78, 501,	/* Ṹ ṹ */
+	0x1e7a, 501,	/* Ṻ ṻ */
+	0x1e7c, 501,	/* Ṽ ṽ */
+	0x1e7e, 501,	/* Ṿ ṿ */
+	0x1e80, 501,	/* Ẁ ẁ */
+	0x1e82, 501,	/* Ẃ ẃ */
+	0x1e84, 501,	/* Ẅ ẅ */
+	0x1e86, 501,	/* Ẇ ẇ */
+	0x1e88, 501,	/* Ẉ ẉ */
+	0x1e8a, 501,	/* Ẋ ẋ */
+	0x1e8c, 501,	/* Ẍ ẍ */
+	0x1e8e, 501,	/* Ẏ ẏ */
+	0x1e90, 501,	/* Ẑ ẑ */
+	0x1e92, 501,	/* Ẓ ẓ */
+	0x1e94, 501,	/* Ẕ ẕ */
+	0x1ea0, 501,	/* Ạ ạ */
+	0x1ea2, 501,	/* Ả ả */
+	0x1ea4, 501,	/* Ấ ấ */
+	0x1ea6, 501,	/* Ầ ầ */
+	0x1ea8, 501,	/* Ẩ ẩ */
+	0x1eaa, 501,	/* Ẫ ẫ */
+	0x1eac, 501,	/* Ậ ậ */
+	0x1eae, 501,	/* Ắ ắ */
+	0x1eb0, 501,	/* Ằ ằ */
+	0x1eb2, 501,	/* Ẳ ẳ */
+	0x1eb4, 501,	/* Ẵ ẵ */
+	0x1eb6, 501,	/* Ặ ặ */
+	0x1eb8, 501,	/* Ẹ ẹ */
+	0x1eba, 501,	/* Ẻ ẻ */
+	0x1ebc, 501,	/* Ẽ ẽ */
+	0x1ebe, 501,	/* Ế ế */
+	0x1ec0, 501,	/* Ề ề */
+	0x1ec2, 501,	/* Ể ể */
+	0x1ec4, 501,	/* Ễ ễ */
+	0x1ec6, 501,	/* Ệ ệ */
+	0x1ec8, 501,	/* Ỉ ỉ */
+	0x1eca, 501,	/* Ị ị */
+	0x1ecc, 501,	/* Ọ ọ */
+	0x1ece, 501,	/* Ỏ ỏ */
+	0x1ed0, 501,	/* Ố ố */
+	0x1ed2, 501,	/* Ồ ồ */
+	0x1ed4, 501,	/* Ổ ổ */
+	0x1ed6, 501,	/* Ỗ ỗ */
+	0x1ed8, 501,	/* Ộ ộ */
+	0x1eda, 501,	/* Ớ ớ */
+	0x1edc, 501,	/* Ờ ờ */
+	0x1ede, 501,	/* Ở ở */
+	0x1ee0, 501,	/* Ỡ ỡ */
+	0x1ee2, 501,	/* Ợ ợ */
+	0x1ee4, 501,	/* Ụ ụ */
+	0x1ee6, 501,	/* Ủ ủ */
+	0x1ee8, 501,	/* Ứ ứ */
+	0x1eea, 501,	/* Ừ ừ */
+	0x1eec, 501,	/* Ử ử */
+	0x1eee, 501,	/* Ữ ữ */
+	0x1ef0, 501,	/* Ự ự */
+	0x1ef2, 501,	/* Ỳ ỳ */
+	0x1ef4, 501,	/* Ỵ ỵ */
+	0x1ef6, 501,	/* Ỷ ỷ */
+	0x1ef8, 501,	/* Ỹ ỹ */
+	0x1f59, 492,	/* Ὑ ὑ */
+	0x1f5b, 492,	/* Ὓ ὓ */
+	0x1f5d, 492,	/* Ὕ ὕ */
+	0x1f5f, 492,	/* Ὗ ὗ */
+	0x1fbc, 491,	/* ᾼ ᾳ */
+	0x1fcc, 491,	/* ῌ ῃ */
+	0x1fec, 493,	/* Ῥ ῥ */
+	0x1ffc, 491,	/* ῼ ῳ */
+};
+
+/*
+ * title characters are those between
+ * upper and lower case. ie DZ Dz dz
+ */
+static
+Rune	__totitle1[] =
+{
+	0x01c4, 501,	/* DŽ Dž */
+	0x01c6, 499,	/* dž Dž */
+	0x01c7, 501,	/* LJ Lj */
+	0x01c9, 499,	/* lj Lj */
+	0x01ca, 501,	/* NJ Nj */
+	0x01cc, 499,	/* nj Nj */
+	0x01f1, 501,	/* DZ Dz */
+	0x01f3, 499,	/* dz Dz */
+};
+
+static Rune*
+bsearch(Rune c, Rune *t, int n, int ne)
+{
+	Rune *p;
+	int m;
+
+	while(n > 1) {
+		m = n/2;
+		p = t + m*ne;
+		if(c >= p[0]) {
+			t = p;
+			n = n-m;
+		} else
+			n = m;
+	}
+	if(n && c >= t[0])
+		return t;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+Rune
+tolowerrune(Rune c)
+{
+	Rune *p;
+
+	p = bsearch(c, __tolower2, nelem(__tolower2)/3, 3);
+	if(p && c >= p[0] && c <= p[1])
+		return c + p[2] - 500;
+	p = bsearch(c, __tolower1, nelem(__tolower1)/2, 2);
+	if(p && c == p[0])
+		return c + p[1] - 500;
+	return c;
+}
+
+Rune
+toupperrune(Rune c)
+{
+	Rune *p;
+
+	p = bsearch(c, __toupper2, nelem(__toupper2)/3, 3);
+	if(p && c >= p[0] && c <= p[1])
+		return c + p[2] - 500;
+	p = bsearch(c, __toupper1, nelem(__toupper1)/2, 2);
+	if(p && c == p[0])
+		return c + p[1] - 500;
+	return c;
+}
+
+Rune
+totitlerune(Rune c)
+{
+	Rune *p;
+
+	p = bsearch(c, __totitle1, nelem(__totitle1)/2, 2);
+	if(p && c == p[0])
+		return c + p[1] - 500;
+	return c;
+}
+
+int
+islowerrune(Rune c)
+{
+	Rune *p;
+
+	p = bsearch(c, __toupper2, nelem(__toupper2)/3, 3);
+	if(p && c >= p[0] && c <= p[1])
+		return 1;
+	p = bsearch(c, __toupper1, nelem(__toupper1)/2, 2);
+	if(p && c == p[0])
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+isupperrune(Rune c)
+{
+	Rune *p;
+
+	p = bsearch(c, __tolower2, nelem(__tolower2)/3, 3);
+	if(p && c >= p[0] && c <= p[1])
+		return 1;
+	p = bsearch(c, __tolower1, nelem(__tolower1)/2, 2);
+	if(p && c == p[0])
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+isalpharune(Rune c)
+{
+	Rune *p;
+
+	if(isupperrune(c) || islowerrune(c))
+		return 1;
+	p = bsearch(c, __alpha2, nelem(__alpha2)/2, 2);
+	if(p && c >= p[0] && c <= p[1])
+		return 1;
+	p = bsearch(c, __alpha1, nelem(__alpha1), 1);
+	if(p && c == p[0])
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+istitlerune(Rune c)
+{
+	return isupperrune(c) && islowerrune(c);
+}
+
+int
+isspacerune(Rune c)
+{
+	Rune *p;
+
+	p = bsearch(c, __space2, nelem(__space2)/2, 2);
+	if(p && c >= p[0] && c <= p[1])
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/utf/utfdef.h b/src/lib9/utf/utfdef.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba3749a9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/utf/utfdef.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson.
+ *              Copyright (c) 1998-2002 by Lucent Technologies.
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES MAKE ANY
+ * REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * compiler directive on Plan 9
+ */
+#ifndef USED
+#define USED(x) if(x);else
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * easiest way to make sure these are defined
+ */
+#define uchar	_fmtuchar
+#define ushort	_fmtushort
+#define uint	_fmtuint
+#define ulong	_fmtulong
+#define vlong	_fmtvlong
+#define uvlong	_fmtuvlong
+typedef unsigned char		uchar;
+typedef unsigned short		ushort;
+typedef unsigned int		uint;
+typedef unsigned long		ulong;
+typedef unsigned long long	uvlong;
+typedef long long		vlong;
+
+/*
+ * nil cannot be ((void*)0) on ANSI C,
+ * because it is used for function pointers
+ */
+#undef	nil
+#define	nil	0
+
+#undef	nelem
+#define	nelem	((void*)0)
+
diff --git a/src/lib9/utf/utfecpy.c b/src/lib9/utf/utfecpy.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf3535fb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/utf/utfecpy.c
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson.
+ *              Copyright (c) 2002 by Lucent Technologies.
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES MAKE
+ * ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+#define _BSD_SOURCE 1	/* memccpy */
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "plan9.h"
+#include "utf.h"
+
+char*
+utfecpy(char *to, char *e, char *from)
+{
+	char *end;
+
+	if(to >= e)
+		return to;
+	end = memccpy(to, from, '\0', e - to);
+	if(end == nil){
+		end = e-1;
+		while(end>to && (*--end&0xC0)==0x80)
+			;
+		*end = '\0';
+	}else{
+		end--;
+	}
+	return end;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/utf/utflen.c b/src/lib9/utf/utflen.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..769805a5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/utf/utflen.c
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson.
+ *              Copyright (c) 2002 by Lucent Technologies.
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES MAKE
+ * ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "plan9.h"
+#include "utf.h"
+
+int
+utflen(char *s)
+{
+	int c;
+	long n;
+	Rune rune;
+
+	n = 0;
+	for(;;) {
+		c = *(uchar*)s;
+		if(c < Runeself) {
+			if(c == 0)
+				return n;
+			s++;
+		} else
+			s += chartorune(&rune, s);
+		n++;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/utf/utfnlen.c b/src/lib9/utf/utfnlen.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..668032995
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/utf/utfnlen.c
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson.
+ *              Copyright (c) 2002 by Lucent Technologies.
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES MAKE
+ * ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "plan9.h"
+#include "utf.h"
+
+int
+utfnlen(char *s, long m)
+{
+	int c;
+	long n;
+	Rune rune;
+	char *es;
+
+	es = s + m;
+	for(n = 0; s < es; n++) {
+		c = *(uchar*)s;
+		if(c < Runeself){
+			if(c == '\0')
+				break;
+			s++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if(!fullrune(s, es-s))
+			break;
+		s += chartorune(&rune, s);
+	}
+	return n;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/utf/utfrrune.c b/src/lib9/utf/utfrrune.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cff12b5e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/utf/utfrrune.c
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson.
+ *              Copyright (c) 2002 by Lucent Technologies.
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES MAKE
+ * ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "plan9.h"
+#include "utf.h"
+
+char*
+utfrrune(char *s, long c)
+{
+	long c1;
+	Rune r;
+	char *s1;
+
+	if(c < Runesync)		/* not part of utf sequence */
+		return strrchr(s, c);
+
+	s1 = 0;
+	for(;;) {
+		c1 = *(uchar*)s;
+		if(c1 < Runeself) {	/* one byte rune */
+			if(c1 == 0)
+				return s1;
+			if(c1 == c)
+				s1 = s;
+			s++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		c1 = chartorune(&r, s);
+		if(r == c)
+			s1 = s;
+		s += c1;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/utf/utfrune.c b/src/lib9/utf/utfrune.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52b83599e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/utf/utfrune.c
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson.
+ *              Copyright (c) 2002 by Lucent Technologies.
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES MAKE
+ * ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "plan9.h"
+#include "utf.h"
+
+char*
+utfrune(char *s, long c)
+{
+	long c1;
+	Rune r;
+	int n;
+
+	if(c < Runesync)		/* not part of utf sequence */
+		return strchr(s, c);
+
+	for(;;) {
+		c1 = *(uchar*)s;
+		if(c1 < Runeself) {	/* one byte rune */
+			if(c1 == 0)
+				return 0;
+			if(c1 == c)
+				return s;
+			s++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		n = chartorune(&r, s);
+		if(r == c)
+			return s;
+		s += n;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/lib9/utf/utfutf.c b/src/lib9/utf/utfutf.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13c850208
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib9/utf/utfutf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * The authors of this software are Rob Pike and Ken Thompson.
+ *              Copyright (c) 2002 by Lucent Technologies.
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHORS NOR LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES MAKE
+ * ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "plan9.h"
+#include "utf.h"
+
+
+/*
+ * Return pointer to first occurrence of s2 in s1,
+ * 0 if none
+ */
+char*
+utfutf(char *s1, char *s2)
+{
+	char *p;
+	long f, n1, n2;
+	Rune r;
+
+	n1 = chartorune(&r, s2);
+	f = r;
+	if(f <= Runesync)		/* represents self */
+		return strstr(s1, s2);
+
+	n2 = strlen(s2);
+	for(p=s1; p=utfrune(p, f); p+=n1)
+		if(strncmp(p, s2, n2) == 0)
+			return p;
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/libbio/Makefile b/src/libbio/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eddeac071
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libbio/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# Derived from http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/libbio/mkfile
+#
+# 	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# 	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+# 	Portions Copyright © 2009 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+CFLAGS=-I$(GOROOT)/include
+O=o
+
+LIB=libbio.a
+
+OFILES=\
+	bbuffered.$O\
+	bfildes.$O\
+	bflush.$O\
+	bgetc.$O\
+	bgetrune.$O\
+	bgetd.$O\
+	binit.$O\
+	boffset.$O\
+	bprint.$O\
+	bputc.$O\
+	bputrune.$O\
+	brdline.$O\
+	brdstr.$O\
+	bread.$O\
+	bseek.$O\
+	bwrite.$O\
+
+HFILES=\
+	$(GOROOT)/include/bio.h\
+
+install: $(LIB)
+	cp $(LIB) $(GOROOT)/lib
+
+$(LIB): $(OFILES)
+	ar rsc $(LIB) $(OFILES)
+
+$(OFILES): $(HFILES)
+
+y.tab.c: $(YFILES)
+	yacc $(YFLAGS) $(YFILES)
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(OFILES) *.6 6.out $(LIB)
+
diff --git a/src/libbio/bbuffered.c b/src/libbio/bbuffered.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ddb29b77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libbio/bbuffered.c
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/libbio/bbuffered.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include	<bio.h>
+
+int
+Bbuffered(Biobuf *bp)
+{
+	switch(bp->state) {
+	case Bracteof:
+	case Bractive:
+		return -bp->icount;
+
+	case Bwactive:
+		return bp->bsize + bp->ocount;
+
+	case Binactive:
+		return 0;
+	}
+	fprint(2, "Bbuffered: unknown state %d\n", bp->state);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/libbio/bfildes.c b/src/libbio/bfildes.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aef1f70bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libbio/bfildes.c
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/libbio/bfildes.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include	<bio.h>
+
+int
+Bfildes(Biobuf *bp)
+{
+
+	return bp->fid;
+}
diff --git a/src/libbio/bflush.c b/src/libbio/bflush.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a071cb5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libbio/bflush.c
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/libbio/bflush.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include	<bio.h>
+
+int
+Bflush(Biobuf *bp)
+{
+	int n, c;
+
+	switch(bp->state) {
+	case Bwactive:
+		n = bp->bsize+bp->ocount;
+		if(n == 0)
+			return 0;
+		c = write(bp->fid, bp->bbuf, n);
+		if(n == c) {
+			bp->offset += n;
+			bp->ocount = -bp->bsize;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		bp->state = Binactive;
+		bp->ocount = 0;
+		break;
+
+	case Bracteof:
+		bp->state = Bractive;
+
+	case Bractive:
+		bp->icount = 0;
+		bp->gbuf = bp->ebuf;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return Beof;
+}
diff --git a/src/libbio/bgetc.c b/src/libbio/bgetc.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52ed241f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libbio/bgetc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/libbio/bgetc.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include	<bio.h>
+
+int
+Bgetc(Biobuf *bp)
+{
+	int i;
+
+loop:
+	i = bp->icount;
+	if(i != 0) {
+		bp->icount = i+1;
+		return bp->ebuf[i];
+	}
+	if(bp->state != Bractive) {
+		if(bp->state == Bracteof)
+			bp->state = Bractive;
+		return Beof;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * get next buffer, try to keep Bungetsize
+	 * characters pre-catenated from the previous
+	 * buffer to allow that many ungets.
+	 */
+	memmove(bp->bbuf-Bungetsize, bp->ebuf-Bungetsize, Bungetsize);
+	i = read(bp->fid, bp->bbuf, bp->bsize);
+	bp->gbuf = bp->bbuf;
+	if(i <= 0) {
+		bp->state = Bracteof;
+		if(i < 0)
+			bp->state = Binactive;
+		return Beof;
+	}
+	if(i < bp->bsize) {
+		memmove(bp->ebuf-i-Bungetsize, bp->bbuf-Bungetsize, i+Bungetsize);
+		bp->gbuf = bp->ebuf-i;
+	}
+	bp->icount = -i;
+	bp->offset += i;
+	goto loop;
+}
+
+int
+Bungetc(Biobuf *bp)
+{
+
+	if(bp->state == Bracteof)
+		bp->state = Bractive;
+	if(bp->state != Bractive)
+		return Beof;
+	bp->icount--;
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/libbio/bgetd.c b/src/libbio/bgetd.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf76a755a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libbio/bgetd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/libbio/bgetd.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include <bio.h>
+
+struct	bgetd
+{
+	Biobuf*	b;
+	int		eof;
+};
+
+static int
+Bgetdf(void *vp)
+{
+	int c;
+	struct bgetd *bg = vp;
+
+	c = Bgetc(bg->b);
+	if(c == Beof)
+		bg->eof = 1;
+	return c;
+}
+
+int
+Bgetd(Biobuf *bp, double *dp)
+{
+	double d;
+	struct bgetd b;
+
+	b.b = bp;
+	b.eof = 0;
+	d = fmtcharstod(Bgetdf, &b);
+	if(b.eof)
+		return -1;
+	Bungetc(bp);
+	*dp = d;
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/libbio/bgetrune.c b/src/libbio/bgetrune.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..caeb0a88f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libbio/bgetrune.c
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/libbio/bgetrune.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include	<bio.h>
+#include	<utf.h>
+
+long
+Bgetrune(Biobuf *bp)
+{
+	int c, i;
+	Rune rune;
+	char str[4];
+
+	c = Bgetc(bp);
+	if(c < Runeself) {		/* one char */
+		bp->runesize = 1;
+		return c;
+	}
+	str[0] = c;
+
+	for(i=1;;) {
+		c = Bgetc(bp);
+		if(c < 0)
+			return c;
+		str[i++] = c;
+
+		if(fullrune(str, i)) {
+			bp->runesize = chartorune(&rune, str);
+			while(i > bp->runesize) {
+				Bungetc(bp);
+				i--;
+			}
+			return rune;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+int
+Bungetrune(Biobuf *bp)
+{
+
+	if(bp->state == Bracteof)
+		bp->state = Bractive;
+	if(bp->state != Bractive)
+		return Beof;
+	bp->icount -= bp->runesize;
+	bp->runesize = 0;
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/libbio/binit.c b/src/libbio/binit.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6eb7776a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libbio/binit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+/*
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/libbio/binit.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include	<bio.h>
+
+enum
+{
+	MAXBUFS	= 20
+};
+
+static	Biobuf*	wbufs[MAXBUFS];
+static	int		atexitflag;
+
+static
+void
+batexit(void)
+{
+	Biobuf *bp;
+	int i;
+
+	for(i=0; i<MAXBUFS; i++) {
+		bp = wbufs[i];
+		if(bp != 0) {
+			wbufs[i] = 0;
+			Bflush(bp);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static
+void
+deinstall(Biobuf *bp)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for(i=0; i<MAXBUFS; i++)
+		if(wbufs[i] == bp)
+			wbufs[i] = 0;
+}
+
+static
+void
+install(Biobuf *bp)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	deinstall(bp);
+	for(i=0; i<MAXBUFS; i++)
+		if(wbufs[i] == 0) {
+			wbufs[i] = bp;
+			break;
+		}
+	if(atexitflag == 0) {
+		atexitflag = 1;
+		atexit(batexit);
+	}
+}
+
+int
+Binits(Biobuf *bp, int f, int mode, unsigned char *p, int size)
+{
+
+	p += Bungetsize;	/* make room for Bungets */
+	size -= Bungetsize;
+
+	switch(mode&~(OCEXEC|ORCLOSE|OTRUNC)) {
+	default:
+		fprint(2, "Bopen: unknown mode %d\n", mode);
+		return Beof;
+
+	case OREAD:
+		bp->state = Bractive;
+		bp->ocount = 0;
+		break;
+
+	case OWRITE:
+		install(bp);
+		bp->state = Bwactive;
+		bp->ocount = -size;
+		break;
+	}
+	bp->bbuf = p;
+	bp->ebuf = p+size;
+	bp->bsize = size;
+	bp->icount = 0;
+	bp->gbuf = bp->ebuf;
+	bp->fid = f;
+	bp->flag = 0;
+	bp->rdline = 0;
+	bp->offset = 0;
+	bp->runesize = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+int
+Binit(Biobuf *bp, int f, int mode)
+{
+	return Binits(bp, f, mode, bp->b, sizeof(bp->b));
+}
+
+Biobuf*
+Bfdopen(int f, int mode)
+{
+	Biobuf *bp;
+
+	bp = malloc(sizeof(Biobuf));
+	if(bp == 0)
+		return 0;
+	Binits(bp, f, mode, bp->b, sizeof(bp->b));
+	bp->flag = Bmagic;
+	return bp;
+}
+
+Biobuf*
+Bopen(char *name, int mode)
+{
+	Biobuf *bp;
+	int f;
+
+	switch(mode&~(OCEXEC|ORCLOSE|OTRUNC)) {
+	default:
+		fprint(2, "Bopen: unknown mode %d\n", mode);
+		return 0;
+
+	case OREAD:
+		f = open(name, OREAD);
+		if(f < 0)
+			return 0;
+		break;
+
+	case OWRITE:
+		f = creat(name, 0666);
+		if(f < 0)
+			return 0;
+	}
+	bp = Bfdopen(f, mode);
+	if(bp == 0)
+		close(f);
+	return bp;
+}
+
+int
+Bterm(Biobuf *bp)
+{
+
+	deinstall(bp);
+	Bflush(bp);
+	if(bp->flag == Bmagic) {
+		bp->flag = 0;
+		close(bp->fid);
+		free(bp);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/libbio/boffset.c b/src/libbio/boffset.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77d8b08fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libbio/boffset.c
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/libbio/boffset.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include	"lib9.h"
+#include	<bio.h>
+
+off_t
+Boffset(Biobuf *bp)
+{
+	off_t n;
+
+	switch(bp->state) {
+	default:
+		fprint(2, "Boffset: unknown state %d\n", bp->state);
+		n = Beof;
+		break;
+
+	case Bracteof:
+	case Bractive:
+		n = bp->offset + bp->icount;
+		break;
+
+	case Bwactive:
+		n = bp->offset + (bp->bsize + bp->ocount);
+		break;
+	}
+	return n;
+}
diff --git a/src/libbio/bprint.c b/src/libbio/bprint.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e3867ae6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libbio/bprint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/libbio/bprint.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include	<bio.h>
+
+int
+Bprint(Biobuf *bp, char *fmt, ...)
+{
+        va_list ap;
+        char *ip, *ep, *out;
+        int n;
+
+        ep = (char*)bp->ebuf;
+        ip = ep + bp->ocount;
+        va_start(ap, fmt);
+        out = vseprint(ip, ep, fmt, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+        if(out == nil || out >= ep-5) {
+                Bflush(bp);
+                ip = ep + bp->ocount;
+                va_start(ap, fmt);
+                out = vseprint(ip, ep, fmt, ap);
+                va_end(ap);
+                if(out >= ep-5)
+                        return Beof;
+        }
+        n = out-ip;
+        bp->ocount += n;
+        return n;
+}
diff --git a/src/libbio/bputc.c b/src/libbio/bputc.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4cdbe8f7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libbio/bputc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/libbio/bputc.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include	<bio.h>
+
+int
+Bputc(Biobuf *bp, int c)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for(;;) {
+		i = bp->ocount;
+		if(i) {
+			bp->ebuf[i++] = c;
+			bp->ocount = i;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if(Bflush(bp) == Beof)
+			break;
+	}
+	return Beof;
+}
diff --git a/src/libbio/bputrune.c b/src/libbio/bputrune.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c588db9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libbio/bputrune.c
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/libbio/bputrune.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include	<bio.h>
+#include	<utf.h>
+
+int
+Bputrune(Biobuf *bp, long c)
+{
+	Rune rune;
+	char str[4];
+	int n;
+
+	rune = c;
+	if(rune < Runeself) {
+		Bputc(bp, rune);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	n = runetochar(str, &rune);
+	if(n == 0)
+		return Bbad;
+	if(Bwrite(bp, str, n) != n)
+		return Beof;
+	return n;
+}
diff --git a/src/libbio/brdline.c b/src/libbio/brdline.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a02bf106d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libbio/brdline.c
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/libbio/brdline.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include	<bio.h>
+
+void*
+Brdline(Biobuf *bp, int delim)
+{
+	char *ip, *ep;
+	int i, j;
+
+	i = -bp->icount;
+	if(i == 0) {
+		/*
+		 * eof or other error
+		 */
+		if(bp->state != Bractive) {
+			if(bp->state == Bracteof)
+				bp->state = Bractive;
+			bp->rdline = 0;
+			bp->gbuf = bp->ebuf;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * first try in remainder of buffer (gbuf doesn't change)
+	 */
+	ip = (char*)bp->ebuf - i;
+	ep = memchr(ip, delim, i);
+	if(ep) {
+		j = (ep - ip) + 1;
+		bp->rdline = j;
+		bp->icount += j;
+		return ip;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * copy data to beginning of buffer
+	 */
+	if(i < bp->bsize)
+		memmove(bp->bbuf, ip, i);
+	bp->gbuf = bp->bbuf;
+
+	/*
+	 * append to buffer looking for the delim
+	 */
+	ip = (char*)bp->bbuf + i;
+	while(i < bp->bsize) {
+		j = read(bp->fid, ip, bp->bsize-i);
+		if(j <= 0) {
+			/*
+			 * end of file with no delim
+			 */
+			memmove(bp->ebuf-i, bp->bbuf, i);
+			bp->rdline = i;
+			bp->icount = -i;
+			bp->gbuf = bp->ebuf-i;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		bp->offset += j;
+		i += j;
+		ep = memchr(ip, delim, j);
+		if(ep) {
+			/*
+			 * found in new piece
+			 * copy back up and reset everything
+			 */
+			ip = (char*)bp->ebuf - i;
+			if(i < bp->bsize){
+				memmove(ip, bp->bbuf, i);
+				bp->gbuf = (unsigned char*)ip;
+			}
+			j = (ep - (char*)bp->bbuf) + 1;
+			bp->rdline = j;
+			bp->icount = j - i;
+			return ip;
+		}
+		ip += j;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * full buffer without finding
+	 */
+	bp->rdline = bp->bsize;
+	bp->icount = -bp->bsize;
+	bp->gbuf = bp->bbuf;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int
+Blinelen(Biobuf *bp)
+{
+
+	return bp->rdline;
+}
diff --git a/src/libbio/brdstr.c b/src/libbio/brdstr.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0398ab07b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libbio/brdstr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+	Copyright © 2009 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include	<bio.h>
+
+char*
+Brdstr(Biobuf *bp, int delim, int nulldelim)
+{
+	char *p, *q, *nq;
+	int n, linelen;
+
+	q = nil;
+	n = 0;
+	for(;;) {
+		p = Brdline(bp, delim);
+		linelen = Blinelen(bp);
+		if(n == 0 && linelen == 0)
+			return nil;
+		nq = realloc(q, n+linelen+1);
+		if(nq == nil) {
+			free(q);
+			return nil;
+		}
+		q = nq;
+		if(p != nil) {
+			memmove(q+n, p, linelen);
+			n += linelen;
+			if(nulldelim)
+				q[n-1] = '\0';
+			break;
+		}
+		if(linelen == 0)
+			break;
+		Bread(bp, q+n, linelen);
+		n += linelen;
+	}
+	q[n] = '\0';
+	return q;
+}
diff --git a/src/libbio/bread.c b/src/libbio/bread.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5cf9a05c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libbio/bread.c
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/libbio/bread.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include	<bio.h>
+
+long
+Bread(Biobuf *bp, void *ap, long count)
+{
+	long c;
+	unsigned char *p;
+	int i, n, ic;
+
+	p = ap;
+	c = count;
+	ic = bp->icount;
+
+	while(c > 0) {
+		n = -ic;
+		if(n > c)
+			n = c;
+		if(n == 0) {
+			if(bp->state != Bractive)
+				break;
+			i = read(bp->fid, bp->bbuf, bp->bsize);
+			if(i <= 0) {
+				bp->state = Bracteof;
+				if(i < 0)
+					bp->state = Binactive;
+				break;
+			}
+			bp->gbuf = bp->bbuf;
+			bp->offset += i;
+			if(i < bp->bsize) {
+				memmove(bp->ebuf-i, bp->bbuf, i);
+				bp->gbuf = bp->ebuf-i;
+			}
+			ic = -i;
+			continue;
+		}
+		memmove(p, bp->ebuf+ic, n);
+		c -= n;
+		ic += n;
+		p += n;
+	}
+	bp->icount = ic;
+	return count-c;
+}
diff --git a/src/libbio/bseek.c b/src/libbio/bseek.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d60aeebc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libbio/bseek.c
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/libbio/bseek.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include	"lib9.h"
+#include	<bio.h>
+
+off_t
+Bseek(Biobuf *bp, off_t offset, int base)
+{
+	vlong n, d;
+	int bufsz;
+
+	switch(bp->state) {
+	default:
+		fprint(2, "Bseek: unknown state %d\n", bp->state);
+		return Beof;
+
+	case Bracteof:
+		bp->state = Bractive;
+		bp->icount = 0;
+		bp->gbuf = bp->ebuf;
+
+	case Bractive:
+		n = offset;
+		if(base == 1) {
+			n += Boffset(bp);
+			base = 0;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * try to seek within buffer
+		 */
+		if(base == 0) {
+			d = n - Boffset(bp);
+			bufsz = bp->ebuf - bp->gbuf;
+			if(-bufsz <= d && d <= bufsz){
+				bp->icount += d;
+				if(d >= 0) {
+					if(bp->icount <= 0)
+						return n;
+				} else {
+					if(bp->ebuf - bp->gbuf >= -bp->icount)
+						return n;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * reset the buffer
+		 */
+		n = lseek(bp->fid, n, base);
+		bp->icount = 0;
+		bp->gbuf = bp->ebuf;
+		break;
+
+	case Bwactive:
+		Bflush(bp);
+		n = lseek(bp->fid, offset, base);
+		break;
+	}
+	bp->offset = n;
+	return n;
+}
diff --git a/src/libbio/bwrite.c b/src/libbio/bwrite.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..daed161cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libbio/bwrite.c
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+http://code.google.com/p/inferno-os/source/browse/libbio/bwrite.c
+
+	Copyright © 1994-1999 Lucent Technologies Inc.  All rights reserved.
+	Revisions Copyright © 2000-2007 Vita Nuova Holdings Limited (www.vitanuova.com).  All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include	<u.h>
+#include	<libc.h>
+#include	<bio.h>
+
+long
+Bwrite(Biobuf *bp, void *ap, long count)
+{
+	long c;
+	unsigned char *p;
+	int i, n, oc;
+
+	p = ap;
+	c = count;
+	oc = bp->ocount;
+
+	while(c > 0) {
+		n = -oc;
+		if(n > c)
+			n = c;
+		if(n == 0) {
+			if(bp->state != Bwactive)
+				return Beof;
+			i = write(bp->fid, bp->bbuf, bp->bsize);
+			if(i != bp->bsize) {
+				bp->state = Binactive;
+				return Beof;
+			}
+			bp->offset += i;
+			oc = -bp->bsize;
+			continue;
+		}
+		memmove(bp->ebuf+oc, p, n);
+		oc += n;
+		c -= n;
+		p += n;
+	}
+	bp->ocount = oc;
+	return count-c;
+}
diff --git a/src/make.bash b/src/make.bash
index 9a21cfe2d..e81a2a4e5 100755
--- a/src/make.bash
+++ b/src/make.bash
@@ -3,6 +3,13 @@
 # Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 # license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
+for i in lib9 libbio
+do
+	cd $i
+	make install
+	cd ..
+done
+
 for i in cmd runtime
 do
 	cd $i
diff --git a/src/runtime/clean.bash b/src/runtime/clean.bash
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df203183e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/runtime/clean.bash
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright 2009 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+# license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+echo nothing to clean here
diff --git a/test/golden.out b/test/golden.out
index 4bbcdf56c..50c3793be 100644
--- a/test/golden.out
+++ b/test/golden.out
@@ -105,8 +105,7 @@ hello world
 =========== ken/simpvar.go
 
 =========== ken/string.go
-abcxyz-abcxyz-abcxyz-abcxyz-abcxyz-abcxyz-index 0<12700>6
-throw: bounds
+abcxyz-abcxyz-abcxyz-abcxyz-abcxyz-abcxyz-abcxyz
 
 =========== ken/strvar.go