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+// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// This algorithm is based on "Faster Suffix Sorting"
+// by N. Jesper Larsson and Kunihiko Sadakane
+// paper: http://www.larsson.dogma.net/ssrev-tr.pdf
+// code: http://www.larsson.dogma.net/qsufsort.c
+
+// This algorithm computes the suffix array sa by computing its inverse.
+// Consecutive groups of suffixes in sa are labeled as sorted groups or
+// unsorted groups. For a given pass of the sorter, all suffixes are ordered
+// up to their first h characters, and sa is h-ordered. Suffixes in their
+// final positions and unambiguously sorted in h-order are in a sorted group.
+// Consecutive groups of suffixes with identical first h characters are an
+// unsorted group. In each pass of the algorithm, unsorted groups are sorted
+// according to the group number of their following suffix.
+
+// In the implementation, if sa[i] is negative, it indicates that i is
+// the first element of a sorted group of length -sa[i], and can be skipped.
+// An unsorted group sa[i:k] is given the group number of the index of its
+// last element, k-1. The group numbers are stored in the inverse slice (inv),
+// and when all groups are sorted, this slice is the inverse suffix array.
+
+package suffixarray
+
+import "sort"
+
+func qsufsort(data []byte) []int {
+ // initial sorting by first byte of suffix
+ sa := sortedByFirstByte(data)
+ if len(sa) < 2 {
+ return sa
+ }
+ // initialize the group lookup table
+ // this becomes the inverse of the suffix array when all groups are sorted
+ inv := initGroups(sa, data)
+
+ // the index starts 1-ordered
+ sufSortable := &suffixSortable{sa: sa, inv: inv, h: 1}
+
+ for sa[0] > -len(sa) { // until all suffixes are one big sorted group
+ // The suffixes are h-ordered, make them 2*h-ordered
+ pi := 0 // pi is first position of first group
+ sl := 0 // sl is negated length of sorted groups
+ for pi < len(sa) {
+ if s := sa[pi]; s < 0 { // if pi starts sorted group
+ pi -= s // skip over sorted group
+ sl += s // add negated length to sl
+ } else { // if pi starts unsorted group
+ if sl != 0 {
+ sa[pi+sl] = sl // combine sorted groups before pi
+ sl = 0
+ }
+ pk := inv[s] + 1 // pk-1 is last position of unsorted group
+ sufSortable.sa = sa[pi:pk]
+ sort.Sort(sufSortable)
+ sufSortable.updateGroups(pi)
+ pi = pk // next group
+ }
+ }
+ if sl != 0 { // if the array ends with a sorted group
+ sa[pi+sl] = sl // combine sorted groups at end of sa
+ }
+
+ sufSortable.h *= 2 // double sorted depth
+ }
+
+ for i := range sa { // reconstruct suffix array from inverse
+ sa[inv[i]] = i
+ }
+ return sa
+}
+
+func sortedByFirstByte(data []byte) []int {
+ // total byte counts
+ var count [256]int
+ for _, b := range data {
+ count[b]++
+ }
+ // make count[b] equal index of first occurrence of b in sorted array
+ sum := 0
+ for b := range count {
+ count[b], sum = sum, count[b]+sum
+ }
+ // iterate through bytes, placing index into the correct spot in sa
+ sa := make([]int, len(data))
+ for i, b := range data {
+ sa[count[b]] = i
+ count[b]++
+ }
+ return sa
+}
+
+func initGroups(sa []int, data []byte) []int {
+ // label contiguous same-letter groups with the same group number
+ inv := make([]int, len(data))
+ prevGroup := len(sa) - 1
+ groupByte := data[sa[prevGroup]]
+ for i := len(sa) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+ if b := data[sa[i]]; b < groupByte {
+ if prevGroup == i+1 {
+ sa[i+1] = -1
+ }
+ groupByte = b
+ prevGroup = i
+ }
+ inv[sa[i]] = prevGroup
+ if prevGroup == 0 {
+ sa[0] = -1
+ }
+ }
+ // Separate out the final suffix to the start of its group.
+ // This is necessary to ensure the suffix "a" is before "aba"
+ // when using a potentially unstable sort.
+ lastByte := data[len(data)-1]
+ s := -1
+ for i := range sa {
+ if sa[i] >= 0 {
+ if data[sa[i]] == lastByte && s == -1 {
+ s = i
+ }
+ if sa[i] == len(sa)-1 {
+ sa[i], sa[s] = sa[s], sa[i]
+ inv[sa[s]] = s
+ sa[s] = -1 // mark it as an isolated sorted group
+ break
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ return inv
+}
+
+type suffixSortable struct {
+ sa []int
+ inv []int
+ h int
+ buf []int // common scratch space
+}
+
+func (x *suffixSortable) Len() int { return len(x.sa) }
+func (x *suffixSortable) Less(i, j int) bool { return x.inv[x.sa[i]+x.h] < x.inv[x.sa[j]+x.h] }
+func (x *suffixSortable) Swap(i, j int) { x.sa[i], x.sa[j] = x.sa[j], x.sa[i] }
+
+func (x *suffixSortable) updateGroups(offset int) {
+ bounds := x.buf[0:0]
+ group := x.inv[x.sa[0]+x.h]
+ for i := 1; i < len(x.sa); i++ {
+ if g := x.inv[x.sa[i]+x.h]; g > group {
+ bounds = append(bounds, i)
+ group = g
+ }
+ }
+ bounds = append(bounds, len(x.sa))
+ x.buf = bounds
+
+ // update the group numberings after all new groups are determined
+ prev := 0
+ for _, b := range bounds {
+ for i := prev; i < b; i++ {
+ x.inv[x.sa[i]] = offset + b - 1
+ }
+ if b-prev == 1 {
+ x.sa[prev] = -1
+ }
+ prev = b
+ }
+}