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diff --git a/src/sendmail.0 b/src/sendmail.0 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4472e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/sendmail.0 @@ -0,0 +1,358 @@ +SENDMAIL(8) BSD System Manager's Manual SENDMAIL(8) + +NNAAMMEE + sseennddmmaaiill - an electronic mail transport agent + +SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS + sseennddmmaaiill [_f_l_a_g_s] [_a_d_d_r_e_s_s _._._.] + nneewwaalliiaasseess + mmaaiillqq [--vv] + +DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN + SSeennddmmaaiill sends a message to one or more _r_e_c_i_p_i_e_n_t_s, routing the message + over whatever networks are necessary. SSeennddmmaaiill does internetwork for- + warding as necessary to deliver the message to the correct place. + + SSeennddmmaaiill is not intended as a user interface routine; other programs pro- + vide user-friendly front ends; sseennddmmaaiill is used only to deliver pre- + formatted messages. + + With no flags, sseennddmmaaiill reads its standard input up to an end-of-file or + a line consisting only of a single dot and sends a copy of the message + found there to all of the addresses listed. It determines the network(s) + to use based on the syntax and contents of the addresses. + + Local addresses are looked up in a file and aliased appropriately. + Aliasing can be prevented by preceding the address with a backslash. + Normally the sender is not included in any alias expansions, e.g., if + `john' sends to `group', and `group' includes `john' in the expansion, + then the letter will not be delivered to `john'. + + PPaarraammeetteerrss + + --BB_t_y_p_e Set the body type to _t_y_p_e. Current legal values 7BIT or + 8BITMIME. + + --bbaa Go into ARPANET mode. All input lines must end with a CR-LF, + and all messages will be generated with a CR-LF at the end. + Also, the ``From:'' and ``Sender:'' fields are examined for + the name of the sender. + + --bbdd Run as a daemon. This requires Berkeley IPC. SSeennddmmaaiill will + fork and run in background listening on socket 25 for incom- + ing SMTP connections. This is normally run from _/_e_t_c_/_r_c. + + --bbDD Same as --bbdd except runs in foreground. + + --bbhh Print the persistent host status database. + + --bbHH Purge the persistent host status database. + + --bbii Initialize the alias database. + + --bbmm Deliver mail in the usual way (default). + + --bbpp Print a listing of the queue. + + --bbss Use the SMTP protocol as described in RFC821 on standard in- + put and output. This flag implies all the operations of the + --bbaa flag that are compatible with SMTP. + + --bbtt Run in address test mode. This mode reads addresses and + shows the steps in parsing; it is used for debugging configu- + ration tables. + + --bbvv Verify names only - do not try to collect or deliver a mes- + sage. Verify mode is normally used for validating users or + mailing lists. + + --CC_f_i_l_e Use alternate configuration file. SSeennddmmaaiill refuses to run as + root if an alternate configuration file is specified. + + --dd_X Set debugging value to _X. + + --FF_f_u_l_l_n_a_m_e Set the full name of the sender. + + --ff_n_a_m_e Sets the name of the ``from'' person (i.e., the sender of the + mail). --ff can only be used by ``trusted'' users (normally + _r_o_o_t, _d_a_e_m_o_n, and _n_e_t_w_o_r_k) or if the person you are trying to + become is the same as the person you are. + + --hh_N Set the hop count to _N. The hop count is incremented every + time the mail is processed. When it reaches a limit, the + mail is returned with an error message, the victim of an + aliasing loop. If not specified, ``Received:'' lines in the + message are counted. + + --ii Ignore dots alone on lines by themselves in incoming mes- + sages. This should be set if you are reading data from a + file. + + --NN _d_s_n Set delivery status notification conditions to _d_s_n_, which can + be `never' for no notifications or a comma separated list of + the values `failure' to be notified if delivery failed, + `delay' to be notified if delivery is delayed, and `success' + to be notified when the message is successfully delivered. + + --nn Don't do aliasing. + + --OO _o_p_t_i_o_n=_v_a_l_u_e + Set option _o_p_t_i_o_n to the specified _v_a_l_u_e. This form uses long + names. See below for more details. + + --oo_x _v_a_l_u_e Set option _x to the specified _v_a_l_u_e. This form uses single + character names only. The short names are not described in + this manual page; see the _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _a_n_d _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_o_n + _G_u_i_d_e for details. + + --pp_p_r_o_t_o_c_o_l Set the name of the protocol used to receive the message. + This can be a simple protocol name such as ``UUCP'' or a pro- + tocol and hostname, such as ``UUCP:ucbvax''. + + --qq[_t_i_m_e] Processed saved messages in the queue at given intervals. If + _t_i_m_e is omitted, process the queue once. Time is given as a + tagged number, with `s' being seconds, `m' being minutes, `h' + being hours, `d' being days, and `w' being weeks. For exam- + ple, `-q1h30m' or `-q90m' would both set the timeout to one + hour thirty minutes. If _t_i_m_e is specified, sseennddmmaaiill will run + in background. This option can be used safely with --bbdd. + + --qqII_s_u_b_s_t_r Limit processed jobs to those containing _s_u_b_s_t_r as a sub- + string of the queue id. + + --qqRR_s_u_b_s_t_r Limit processed jobs to those containing _s_u_b_s_t_r as a sub- + string of one of the recipients. + + --qqSS_s_u_b_s_t_r Limit processed jobs to those containing _s_u_b_s_t_r as a sub- + string of the sender. + + --RR _r_e_t_u_r_n Set the amount of the message to be returned if the message + bounces. The _r_e_t_u_r_n parameter can be `full' to return the + + entire message or `hdrs' to return only the headers. + + --rr_n_a_m_e An alternate and obsolete form of the --ff flag. + + --tt Read message for recipients. To:, Cc:, and Bcc: lines will + be scanned for recipient addresses. The Bcc: line will be + deleted before transmission. Any addresses in the argument + list will be suppressed, that is, they will _n_o_t receive + copies even if listed in the message header. + + --UU Initial (user) submission. This should _a_l_w_a_y_s be set when + called from a user agent such as MMaaiill or eexxmmhh and _n_e_v_e_r be + set when called by a network delivery agent such as rrmmaaiill. + + --VV _e_n_v_i_d Set the original envelope id. This is propogated across SMTP + to servers that support DSNs and is returned in DSN-compliant + error messages. + + --vv Go into verbose mode. Alias expansions will be announced, + etc. + + --XX _l_o_g_f_i_l_e Log all traffic in and out of mailers in the indicated log + file. This should only be used as a last resort for debug- + ging mailer bugs. It will log a lot of data very quickly. + + OOppttiioonnss + There are also a number of processing options that may be set. Normally + these will only be used by a system administrator. Options may be set + either on the command line using the --oo flag (for short names), the --OO + flag (for long names), or in the configuration file. This is a partial + list limited to those options that are likely to be useful on the command + line and only shows the long names; for a complete list (and details), + consult the _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _a_n_d _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_o_n _G_u_i_d_e. The options are: + + AliasFile=_f_i_l_e + Use alternate alias file. + + HoldExpensive + On mailers that are considered ``expensive'' to connect to, + don't initiate immediate connection. This requires queueing. + + CheckpointInterval=_N + Checkpoint the queue file after every _N successful deliveries + (default 10). This avoids excessive duplicate deliveries + when sending to long mailing lists interrupted by system + crashes. + + DeliveryMode=_x + Set the delivery mode to _x. Delivery modes are `i' for inter- + active (synchronous) delivery, `b' for background (asyn- + chronous) delivery, `q' for queue only - i.e., actual deliv- + ery is done the next time the queue is run, and `d' for de- + ferred - the same as `q' except that database lookups (no- + tably DNS and NIS lookups) are avoided. + + ErrorMode=_x + Set error processing to mode _x. Valid modes are `m' to mail + back the error message, `w' to ``write'' back the error mes- + sage (or mail it back if the sender is not logged in), `p' to + print the errors on the terminal (default), `q' to throw away + error messages (only exit status is returned), and `e' to do + special processing for the BerkNet. If the text of the mes- + sage is not mailed back by modes `m' or `w' and if the sender + is local to this machine, a copy of the message is appended + + + to the file _d_e_a_d_._l_e_t_t_e_r in the sender's home directory. + + SaveFromLine + Save UNIX-style From lines at the front of messages. + + MaxHopCount= _N + The maximum number of times a message is allowed to ``hop'' + before we decide it is in a loop. + + IgnoreDots Do not take dots on a line by themselves as a message termi- + nator. + + SendMimeErrors + Send error messages in MIME format. If not set, the DSN (De- + livery Status Notification) SMTP extension is disabled. + + ConnectionCacheTimeout=_t_i_m_e_o_u_t + Set connection cache timeout. + + ConnectionCacheSize=_N + Set connection cache size. + + LogLevel=_n The log level. + + MeToo Send to ``me'' (the sender) also if I am in an alias expan- + sion. + + CheckAliases + Validate the right hand side of aliases during a newalias- + es(1) command. + + OldStyleHeaders + If set, this message may have old style headers. If not set, + this message is guaranteed to have new style headers (i.e., + commas instead of spaces between addresses). If set, an + adaptive algorithm is used that will correctly determine the + header format in most cases. + + QueueDirectory=_q_u_e_u_e_d_i_r + Select the directory in which to queue messages. + + StatusFile=_f_i_l_e + Save statistics in the named file. + + Timeout.queuereturn=_t_i_m_e + Set the timeout on undelivered messages in the queue to the + specified time. After delivery has failed (e.g., because of + a host being down) for this amount of time, failed messages + will be returned to the sender. The default is five days. + + UserDatabaseSpec=_u_s_e_r_d_a_t_a_b_a_s_e + If set, a user database is consulted to get forwarding infor- + mation. You can consider this an adjunct to the aliasing + mechanism, except that the database is intended to be dis- + tributed; aliases are local to a particular host. This may + not be available if your sendmail does not have the USERDB + option compiled in. + + ForkEachJob + Fork each job during queue runs. May be convenient on memo- + ry-poor machines. + + SevenBitInput + Strip incoming messages to seven bits. + + EightBitMode=_m_o_d_e + Set the handling of eight bit input to seven bit destinations + to _m_o_d_e: m (mimefy) will convert to seven-bit MIME format, p + (pass) will pass it as eight bits (but violates protocols), + and s (strict) will bounce the message. + + MinQueueAge=_t_i_m_e_o_u_t + Sets how long a job must ferment in the queue between at- + tempts to send it. + + DefaultCharSet=_c_h_a_r_s_e_t + Sets the default character set used to label 8-bit data that + is not otherwise labelled. + + DialDelay=_s_l_e_e_p_t_i_m_e + If opening a connection fails, sleep for _s_l_e_e_p_t_i_m_e seconds + and try again. Useful on dial-on-demand sites. + + NoRecipientAction=_a_c_t_i_o_n + Set the behaviour when there are no recipient headers (To:, + Cc: or Bcc:) in the message to _a_c_t_i_o_n: none leaves the mes- + sage unchanged, add-to adds a To: header with the envelope + recipients, add-apparently-to adds an Apparently-To: header + with the envelope recipients, add-bcc adds an empty Bcc: + header, and add-to-undisclosed adds a header reading `To: + undisclosed-recipients:;'. + + MaxDaemonChildren=_N + Sets the maximum number of children that an incoming SMTP + daemon will allow to spawn at any time to _N. + + ConnectionRateThrottle=_N + Sets the maximum number of connections per second to the SMTP + port to _N. + + In aliases, the first character of a name may be a vertical bar to cause + interpretation of the rest of the name as a command to pipe the mail to. + It may be necessary to quote the name to keep sseennddmmaaiill from suppressing + the blanks from between arguments. For example, a common alias is: + + msgs: "|/usr/bin/msgs -s" + + Aliases may also have the syntax ``:include:_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e'' to ask sendmail to + read the named file for a list of recipients. For example, an alias such + as: + + poets: ":include:/usr/local/lib/poets.list" + + would read _/_u_s_r_/_l_o_c_a_l_/_l_i_b_/_p_o_e_t_s_._l_i_s_t for the list of addresses making up + the group. + + SSeennddmmaaiill returns an exit status describing what it did. The codes are + defined in <_s_y_s_e_x_i_t_s_._h>: + EX_OK Successful completion on all addresses. + EX_NOUSER User name not recognized. + EX_UNAVAILABLE Catchall meaning necessary resources were not + available. + EX_SYNTAX Syntax error in address. + EX_SOFTWARE Internal software error, including bad arguments. + EX_OSERR Temporary operating system error, such as ``cannot + fork''. + EX_NOHOST Host name not recognized. + EX_TEMPFAIL Message could not be sent immediately, but was + queued. + + If invoked as nneewwaalliiaasseess, sseennddmmaaiill will rebuild the alias database. If + invoked as mmaaiillqq, sseennddmmaaiill will print the contents of the mail queue. + +FFIILLEESS + Except for the file _/_e_t_c_/_s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l_._c_f itself, the following pathnames are + all specified in _/_e_t_c_/_s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l_._c_f_. Thus, these values are only approxima- + tions. + + /etc/aliases raw data for alias names + /etc/aliases.db data base of alias names + /etc/sendmail.cf configuration file + /etc/sendmail.hf help file + /var/log/sendmail.st collected statistics + /var/spool/mqueue/* temp files + /var/run/sendmail.pid + The process id of the daemon + +SSEEEE AALLSSOO + binmail(1), mail(1), rmail(1), syslog(3), aliases(5), mailaddr(7), + rc(8); + + DARPA Internet Request For Comments _R_F_C_8_1_9, _R_F_C_8_2_1, _R_F_C_8_2_2. + + _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l _- _A_n _I_n_t_e_r_n_e_t_w_o_r_k _M_a_i_l _R_o_u_t_e_r, No. 9, SMM. + + _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _a_n_d _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_o_n _G_u_i_d_e, No. 8, SMM. + +HHIISSTTOORRYY + The sseennddmmaaiill command appeared in 4.2BSD. + +4th Berkeley Distribution September 20, 1996 6 |