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+.\" Copyright 1993 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
+.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
+.TH LOGIN "1" "June 2012" "util-linux" "User Commands"
+.SH NAME
+login \- begin session on the system
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B login
+[
+.BR \-p
+] [
+.BR \-h
+.IR host
+] [
+.BR \-H
+] [
+.BR \-f
+.IR username
+|
+.IR username
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B login
+is used when signing onto a system.  If no argument is given,
+.B login
+prompts for the username.
+.PP
+The user is then prompted for a password, where approprate.  Echoing
+is disabled to prevent revealing the password.  Only a small number
+of password failures are permitted before
+.B login
+exits and the communications link is severed.
+.PP
+If password aging has been enabled for the account, the user may be
+prompted for a new password before proceeding.  He will be forced to
+provide his old password and the new password before continuing.
+Please refer to
+.BR passwd (1)
+for more information.
+.PP
+The user and group ID will be set according to their values in the
+.I /etc/passwd
+file.  There is one exception if the user ID is zero: in this case,
+only the primary group ID of the account is set.  This should allow
+the system adminitrator to login even in case of network problems.
+The value for
+.BR $HOME ,
+.BR $USER ,
+.BR $SHELL ,
+.BR $PATH ,
+.BR $LOGNAME ,
+and
+.B $MAIL
+are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry.
+.B $PATH
+defaults to
+.I /usr\:/local\:/bin:\:/bin:\:/usr\:/bin
+for normal users, and to
+.I /usr\:/local\:/sbin:\:/usr\:/local\:/bin:\:/sbin:\:/bin:\:/usr\:/sbin:\:/usr\:/bin
+for root if not other configured.
+.P
+The environment variable
+.B $TERM
+will be preserved, if it exists (other environment variables are
+preserved if the
+.B \-p
+option is given) or be initialize to the terminal type on your tty.
+.PP
+Then the user's shell is started.  If no shell is specified for the
+user in
+.BR /etc\:/passwd ,
+then
+.B /bin\:/sh
+is used.  If there is no directory specified in
+.IR /etc\:/passwd ,
+then
+.I /
+is used (the home directory is checked for the
+.I .hushlogin
+file described below).
+.PP
+If the file
+.I .hushlogin
+exists, then a "quiet" login is performed (this disables the checking
+of mail and the printing of the last login time and message of the
+day).  Otherwise, if
+.I /var\:/log\:/lastlog
+exists, the last login time is printed (and the current login is
+recorded).
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.B \-p
+Used by
+.BR getty (8)
+to tell
+.B login
+not to destroy the environment.
+.TP
+.B \-f
+Used to skip a second login authentication.  This specifically does
+.B not
+work for root, and does not appear to work well under Linux.
+.TP
+.B \-h
+Used by other servers (i.e.,
+.BR telnetd (8))
+to pass the name of the remote host to
+.B login
+so that it may be placed in utmp and wtmp.  Only the superuser may
+use this option.
+.IP
+Note that the
+.B \-h
+option has impact on the
+.B PAM service
+.BR name .
+The standard service name is
+.IR login ,
+with the
+.B \-h
+option the name is
+.IR remote .
+It is necessary to create a proper PAM config files (e.g.
+.I /etc\:/pam.d\:/login
+and
+.IR /etc\:/pam.d\:/remote ).
+.TP
+.B \-H
+Used by other servers (i.e.,
+.BR telnetd (8))
+to tell
+.B login
+that printing the hostname should be suppressed in the login: prompt.
+.TP
+.B \-V
+Print version and exit.
+.SH CONFIG FILE ITEMS
+.B login
+reads the
+.IR /etc\:/login.defs (5)
+configuration file.  Note that the configuration file could be
+distributed with another package (e.g. shadow-utils).  The following
+configuration items are relevant for
+.BR login (1):
+.PP
+.B MOTD_FILE
+(string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, ":" delimited list of "message of the day" files to be
+displayed upon login.  The default value is
+.IR /etc\:/motd .
+If the
+.B MOTD_FILE
+item is empty or quiet login is enabled then the message of the day
+is not displayed.  Note that the same functionality is also provided
+by
+.BR pam_motd (8)
+PAM module.
+.RE
+.PP
+.B LOGIN_TIMEOUT
+(number)
+.RS 4
+Max time in seconds for login.  The default value is
+.IR 60 .
+.RE
+.PP
+.B LOGIN_RETRIES
+(number)
+.RS 4
+Maximum number of login retries in case of bad password.  The default
+value is
+.IR 3 .
+.RE
+.PP
+.B FAIL_DELAY
+(number)
+.RS 4
+Delay in seconds before being allowed another three tries after a
+login failure.  The default value is
+.IR 5 .
+.RE
+.PP
+.B TTYPERM
+(string)
+.RS 4
+The terminal permissions.  The default value is
+.IR 0600 .
+.RE
+.PP
+.B TTYGROUP
+(string)
+.RS 4
+The login tty will be owned by the
+.BR TTYGROUP .
+The default value is
+.IR tty .
+If the
+.B TTYGROUP
+does not exist then the ownership of the terminal is set to the
+user\'s primary group.
+.PP
+The
+.B TTYGROUP
+can be either the name of a group or a numeric group identifier.
+.RE
+.PP
+.B HUSHLOGIN_FILE
+(string)
+.RS 4
+If defined, this file can inhibit all the usual chatter during the
+login sequence.  If a full pathname (e.g.
+.IR /etc\:/hushlogins )
+is specified, then hushed mode will be enabled if the user\'s name or
+shell are found in the file.  If this global hush login file is empty
+then the hushed mode will be enabled for all users.
+.PP
+If not a full pathname is specified, then hushed mode will be enabled
+if the file exists in the user\'s home directory.
+.PP
+The default is to check
+.I /etc\:/hushlogins
+and if does not exist then
+.I ~/.hushlogin
+.PP
+If the
+.B HUSHLOGIN_FILE
+item is empty then all checks are disabled.
+.RE
+.PP
+.B DEFAULT_HOME
+(boolean)
+.RS 4
+Indicate if login is allowed if we can not change directory to the
+home directory.  If set to
+.IR yes ,
+the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible
+to change directory to her home.  The default value is
+.IR yes .
+.RE
+.PP
+.B LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB
+(boolean)
+.RS 4
+Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are recorded.
+The default value is
+.IR no .
+.PP
+Note that logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if an
+user enter her password instead of her login name.
+.RE
+.PP
+.B ENV_PATH
+(string)
+.RS 4
+If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when
+a regular user login.  The default value is
+.I /usr\:/local\:/bin:\:/bin:\:/usr\:/bin
+.RE
+.PP
+.B ENV_ROOTPATH
+(string)
+.br
+.B ENV_SUPATH
+(string)
+.RS 4
+If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when
+the superuser login.  The default value is
+.I /usr\:/local\:/sbin:\:/usr\:/local\:/bin:\:/sbin:\:/bin:\:/usr\:/sbin:\:/usr\:/bin
+.RE
+.SH FILES
+.nf
+.I /var/run/utmp
+.I /var/log/wtmp
+.I /var/log/lastlog
+.I /var/spool/mail/*
+.I /etc/motd
+.I /etc/passwd
+.I /etc/nologin
+.I /etc/pam.d/login
+.I /etc/pam.d/remote
+.I /etc/hushlogins
+.I .hushlogin
+.fi
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR init (8),
+.BR getty (8),
+.BR mail (1),
+.BR passwd (1),
+.BR passwd (5),
+.BR environ (7),
+.BR shutdown (8)
+.SH BUGS
+The undocumented BSD
+.B \-r
+option is not supported.  This may be required by some
+.BR rlogind (8)
+programs.
+.PP
+A recursive login, as used to be possible in the good old days, no
+longer works; for most purposes
+.BR su (1)
+is a satisfactory substitute.  Indeed, for security reasons, login
+does a vhangup() system call to remove any possible listening
+processes on the tty.  This is to avoid password sniffing.  If one
+uses the command
+.BR login ,
+then the surrounding shell gets killed by vhangup() because it's no
+longer the true owner of the tty.  This can be avoided by using
+.B exec login
+in a top-level shell or xterm.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Derived from BSD login 5.40 (5/9/89) by
+.MT glad@\:daimi.\:dk
+Michael Glad
+.ME
+for HP-UX
+.br
+Ported to Linux 0.12:
+.MT poe@\:daimi.\:aau.\:dk
+Peter Orbaek
+.ME
+.br
+Rewritten to PAM-only version by
+.MT kzak@\:redhat.\:com
+Karel Zak
+.ME
+.SH AVAILABILITY
+The
+.B login
+command is part of the util-linux package and is
+available from
+.UR ftp:\://ftp.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
+Linux Kernel Archive
+.UE .