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############################################################################
#
# File: concen.icn
#
# Subject: Program to play solitaire card game Concentration
#
# Author: Gregg M. Townsend
#
# Date: December 4, 1997
#
############################################################################
#
# This file is in the public domain.
#
############################################################################
#
# usage: concen [winoptions] [ncards]
#
# Concentration, as presented here, is a simple solitaire game.
# When the program starts, there are 52 playing cards, face down.
# They may be turned over by clicking on them with the mouse. Only
# two cards may be face up at a time; if they are the same rank
# (e.g. two sevens), they are removed. The object is to clear the
# table.
#
# (For an interesting discussion of two-person Concentration, see
# Ian Stewart's "Mathematical Recreations" column in the October,
# 1991, edition of Scientific American, entitled "Concentration:
# A Winning Strategy".)
#
############################################################################
#
# Requires: Version 9 graphics
#
############################################################################
#
# Links: drawcard, options, optwindw, random, graphics
#
############################################################################
link drawcard
link options
link optwindw
link random
link graphics
global deck # full deck of cards
global nleft # number of cards left
global nup # number of cards face up
global uprank # rank of upturned cards, if all same
global ncols, nrows # number of columns and rows
global cardw, cardh # card width and height
global margin, gap # outside margin, gap between cards
global mono # GC for pattern, iff mono screen
global cd # card record, indexed by position
record cdrec(
label, # member of &letters as per Icon book
status) # status flag
global VACANT, DOWN, UP # status flag values
# main program.
procedure main(args)
local i, j, e
initialize(args)
newgame()
while e := Event() do {
if e === QuitEvents() then
break
if e === (&lrelease | &mrelease | &rrelease) then {
i := (&y - margin + gap/2) / (cardh + gap)
j := (&x - margin + gap/2) / (cardw + gap)
click(i, j)
}
}
end
# initialize(args) -- process options, initialize globals, open window
procedure initialize(args)
local opts, ncards
cardw := 80
cardh := 124
VACANT := 0
DOWN := 1
UP := 2
opts := options(args, winoptions()) # get command options
ncards := integer(args[1]) | 52 # get size of deck
ncards -:= ncards % 2 # ensure even
ncards <:= 2 # ensure at least 2 cards
ncards >:= 52 # ensure at most 52 cards
deck :=
("aAbBcCdDeEfFgGhHiIjJkKlLmMnNoOpPqQrRsStTuUvVwWxXyYzZ" ? move(ncards))
if ncards <= 10 then
nrows := 2
else if ncards <= 21 then
nrows := 3
else if ncards <= 36 then
nrows := 4
else
nrows := 5
ncols := (ncards + nrows - 1) / nrows
/opts["M"] := 20
margin := opts["M"]
gap := margin / 2
/opts["W"] := ncols * cardw + (ncols - 1) * gap
/opts["H"] := nrows * cardh + (nrows - 1) * gap
/opts["B"] := "deep moderate green"
&window := optwindow(opts)
if WAttrib("depth") = 1 then {
mono := Clone(&window, "fg=white", "bg=black", "fillstyle=textured")
Pattern(mono, "4,2,8,2,8")
FillRectangle(mono, 0, 0, 2 * margin + opts["W"], 2 * margin + opts["H"])
}
randomize()
return
end
# newgame() -- lay out cards, face down, for a new game
procedure newgame()
local i, j, s
nleft := *deck
nup := 0
cd := []
every put(cd, cdrec(!deck, DOWN))
every i := *cd to 2 by -1 do
cd[?i] :=: cd[i]
every i := 0 to nrows-1 do
every j := 0 to ncols-1 do
if cardno(i, j) then
setcard(i, j, "-")
return
end
# click(i, j) -- process a click on the card in row i, column j
procedure click(i, j)
local c
case nup of { # action depends on the number of cards already face up
0: {
# no cards are face up. turn this one up.
c := cd[cardno(i, j)] | fail
if c.status = DOWN then {
setcard(i, j, c.label)
c.status := UP
nup := 1
uprank := crank(c.label)
}
}
1: {
# one is face up. it might be the one clicked.
c := cd[cardno(i, j)] | fail
if c.status = UP then {
setcard(i, j, "-")
c.status := DOWN
nup := 0
}
else if c.status = DOWN then {
setcard(i, j, c.label)
c.status := UP
nup := 2
if uprank ~= crank(c.label) then
uprank := &null
}
}
2: {
# two are face up. it doesn't matter what card was clicked.
# remove the two up-cards if they match, or turn back over if not.
every i := 0 to nrows-1 do
every j := 0 to ncols-1 do
if c := cd[cardno(i, j)] then
if c.status = UP then {
if \uprank then {
setcard(i, j, &null)
c.status := VACANT
nleft -:= 1
}
else {
setcard(i, j, "-")
c.status := DOWN
}
nup -:= 1
}
# if no cards are left, the game is won.
# show all cards face up as a reward.
if nleft = 0 then
every i := 0 to nrows-1 do
every j := 0 to ncols-1 do
if c := cd[cardno(i, j)] then {
setcard(i, j, c.label)
c.status := UP
nup +:= 1
}
}
default:
# presumably there are 52 cards face up after a win.
# start a new game with this new click.
newgame()
}
return
end
# setcard(i, j, c) -- redraw card c at location (i,j), or background if /c
procedure setcard(i, j, c)
local x, y
x := margin + j * (cardw + gap)
y := margin + i * (cardh + gap)
drawcard(x, y, \c) |
FillRectangle(\mono, x, y, cardw, cardh) |
EraseArea(x, y, cardw, cardh)
return
end
# cardno(i, j) -- return index (1 to 52) if location is valid
procedure cardno(i, j)
return (0 <= i) & (0 <= j < ncols) & *deck >= (ncols * i + j + 1)
end
# crank(label) -- return rank (1 to 13) of card with given label
procedure crank(label)
static fulldeck
initial fulldeck := string(&letters)
return fulldeck ? find(label) % 13
end
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