13405 ksh93 update to 2012-08-01

13434 sh: mishandles backslash as last character of a block of input
11750 ksh mkdir builtin doesn't honor special file permissions
9199 ksh93 builtin *grep -v mishandles blank lines, blows up libgcrypt-config
6756 sh (and ksh) have issues with ${1+"$@"}
6520 ksh: sleep could wait forever
4860 ksh93: core in printf
3791 /bin/sh's builtin 'rm' busted: 'rm -f' without arguments returns error
1047 ksh overwrites child core files
880 ksh93 coredumps on 'unset'
499 "interrupted system call" when using "tee" builtin in ksh
Reviewed by: Robert Mustacchi <rm@fingolfin.org>
Reviewed by: Hans Rosenfeld <rosenfeld@grumpf.hope-2000.org>
Reviewed by: Dominik Hassler <hadfl@omnios.org>
Approved by: Rich Lowe <richlowe@richlowe.net>

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 3288 deletions

diff --git a/usr/src/lib/libshell/common/sh/xec.c b/usr/src/lib/libshell/common/sh/xec.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 3975060421..0000000000
--- a/usr/src/lib/libshell/common/sh/xec.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3288 +0,0 @@
-/***********************************************************************
-*                                                                      *
-*               This software is part of the ast package               *
-*          Copyright (c) 1982-2010 AT&T Intellectual Property          *
-*                      and is licensed under the                       *
-*                  Common Public License, Version 1.0                  *
-*                    by AT&T Intellectual Property                     *
-*                                                                      *
-*                A copy of the License is available at                 *
-*            http://www.opensource.org/licenses/cpl1.0.txt             *
-*         (with md5 checksum 059e8cd6165cb4c31e351f2b69388fd9)         *
-*                                                                      *
-*              Information and Software Systems Research               *
-*                            AT&T Research                             *
-*                           Florham Park NJ                            *
-*                                                                      *
-*                  David Korn <dgk@research.att.com>                   *
-*                                                                      *
-***********************************************************************/
-#pragma prototyped
-/*
- * UNIX shell parse tree executer
- *
- *   David Korn
- *   AT&T Labs
- *
- */
-
-#include	"defs.h"
-#include	<fcin.h>
-#include	"variables.h"
-#include	"path.h"
-#include	"name.h"
-#include	"io.h"
-#include	"shnodes.h"
-#include	"jobs.h"
-#include	"test.h"
-#include	"builtins.h"
-#include	"FEATURE/time"
-#include	"FEATURE/externs"
-#include	"FEATURE/locale"
-#include	"streval.h"
-
-#if !_std_malloc
-#   include	<vmalloc.h>
-#endif
-
-#if     _lib_vfork
-#   include     <ast_vfork.h>
-#else
-#   define vfork()      fork()
-#endif
-
-#define SH_NTFORK	SH_TIMING
-
-#if _lib_nice
-    extern int	nice(int);
-#endif /* _lib_nice */
-#if !_lib_spawnveg
-#   define spawnveg(a,b,c,d)    spawnve(a,b,c)
-#endif /* !_lib_spawnveg */
-#if SHOPT_SPAWN
-    static pid_t sh_ntfork(Shell_t*,const Shnode_t*,char*[],int*,int);
-#endif /* SHOPT_SPAWN */
-
-static void	sh_funct(Shell_t *,Namval_t*, int, char*[], struct argnod*,int);
-static int	trim_eq(const char*, const char*);
-static void	coproc_init(Shell_t*, int pipes[]);
-
-static void	*timeout;
-static char	pipejob;
-
-struct funenv
-{
-	Namval_t	*node;
-	struct argnod	*env;
-};
-
-/* ========	command execution	========*/
-
-/*
- * print time <t> in h:m:s format with precision <p>
- */
-static void     l_time(Sfio_t *outfile,register clock_t t,int p)
-{
-	register int  min, sec, frac;
-	register int hr;
-	if(p)
-	{
-		frac = t%sh.lim.clk_tck;
-		frac = (frac*100)/sh.lim.clk_tck;
-	}
-	t /= sh.lim.clk_tck;
-	sec = t%60;
-	t /= 60;
-	min = t%60;
-	if(hr=t/60)
-		sfprintf(outfile,"%dh",hr);
-	if(p)
-		sfprintf(outfile,"%dm%d%c%0*ds",min,sec,GETDECIMAL(0),p,frac);
-	else
-		sfprintf(outfile,"%dm%ds",min,sec);
-}
-
-static int p_time(Shell_t *shp, Sfio_t *out, const char *format, clock_t *tm)
-{
-	int		c,p,l,n,offset = staktell();
-	const char	*first;
-	double		d;
-	Stk_t		*stkp = shp->stk;
-	for(first=format ; c= *format; format++)
-	{
-		if(c!='%')
-			continue;
-		sfwrite(stkp, first, format-first);
-		n = l = 0;
-		p = 3;
-		if((c= *++format) == '%')
-		{
-			first = format;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if(c>='0' && c <='9')
-		{
-			p = (c>'3')?3:(c-'0');
-			c = *++format;
-		}
-		else if(c=='P')
-		{
-			if(d=tm[0])
-				d = 100.*(((double)(tm[1]+tm[2]))/d);
-			p = 2;
-			goto skip;
-		}
-		if(c=='l')
-		{
-			l = 1;
-			c = *++format;
-		}
-		if(c=='U')
-			n = 1;
-		else if(c=='S')
-			n = 2;
-		else if(c!='R')
-		{
-			stkseek(stkp,offset);
-			errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(0),e_badtformat,c);
-			return(0);
-		}
-		d = (double)tm[n]/sh.lim.clk_tck;
-	skip:
-		if(l)
-			l_time(stkp, tm[n], p);
-		else
-			sfprintf(stkp,"%.*f",p, d);
-		first = format+1;
-	}
-	if(format>first)
-		sfwrite(stkp,first, format-first);
-	sfputc(stkp,'\n');
-	n = stktell(stkp)-offset;
-	sfwrite(out,stkptr(stkp,offset),n);
-	stkseek(stkp,offset);
-	return(n);
-}
-
-#if SHOPT_OPTIMIZE
-/*
- * clear argument pointers that point into the stack
- */
-static int p_arg(struct argnod*,int);
-static int p_switch(struct regnod*);
-static int p_comarg(register struct comnod *com)
-{
-	Namval_t *np=com->comnamp;
-	int n = p_arg(com->comset,ARG_ASSIGN);
-	if(com->comarg && (com->comtyp&COMSCAN))
-		n+= p_arg(com->comarg,0);
-	if(com->comstate  && np)
-	{
-		/* call builtin to cleanup state */
-		Shbltin_t *bp = &sh.bltindata;
-		void  *save_ptr = bp->ptr;
-		void  *save_data = bp->data;
-		bp->bnode = np;
-		bp->vnode = com->comnamq;
-		bp->ptr = nv_context(np);
-		bp->data = com->comstate;
-		bp->flags = SH_END_OPTIM;
-		(*funptr(np))(0,(char**)0, bp);
-		bp->ptr = save_ptr;
-		bp->data = save_data;
-	}
-	com->comstate = 0;
-	if(com->comarg && !np)
-		n++;
-	return(n);
-}
-
-extern void sh_optclear(Shell_t*, void*);
-
-static int sh_tclear(register Shnode_t *t)
-{
-	int n=0;
-	if(!t)
-		return(0);
-	switch(t->tre.tretyp&COMMSK)
-	{
-		case TTIME:
-		case TPAR:
-			return(sh_tclear(t->par.partre)); 
-		case TCOM:
-			return(p_comarg((struct comnod*)t));
-		case TSETIO:
-		case TFORK:
-			return(sh_tclear(t->fork.forktre));
-		case TIF:
-			n=sh_tclear(t->if_.iftre);
-			n+=sh_tclear(t->if_.thtre);
-			n+=sh_tclear(t->if_.eltre);
-			return(n);
-		case TWH:
-			if(t->wh.whinc)
-				n=sh_tclear((Shnode_t*)(t->wh.whinc));
-			n+=sh_tclear(t->wh.whtre);
-			n+=sh_tclear(t->wh.dotre);
-			return(n);
-		case TLST:
-		case TAND:
-		case TORF:
-		case TFIL:
-			n=sh_tclear(t->lst.lstlef);
-			return(n+sh_tclear(t->lst.lstrit));
-		case TARITH:
-			return(p_arg(t->ar.arexpr,ARG_ARITH));
-		case TFOR:
-			n=sh_tclear(t->for_.fortre);
-			return(n+sh_tclear((Shnode_t*)t->for_.forlst));
-		case TSW:
-			n=p_arg(t->sw.swarg,0);
-			return(n+p_switch(t->sw.swlst));
-		case TFUN:
-			n=sh_tclear(t->funct.functtre);
-			return(n+sh_tclear((Shnode_t*)t->funct.functargs));
-		case TTST:
-			if((t->tre.tretyp&TPAREN)==TPAREN)
-				return(sh_tclear(t->lst.lstlef)); 
-			else
-			{
-				n=p_arg(&(t->lst.lstlef->arg),0);
-				if(t->tre.tretyp&TBINARY)
-					n+=p_arg(&(t->lst.lstrit->arg),0);
-			}
-	}
-	return(n);
-}
-
-static int p_arg(register struct argnod *arg,int flag)
-{
-	while(arg)
-	{
-		if(strlen(arg->argval) || (arg->argflag==ARG_RAW))
-			arg->argchn.ap = 0;
-		else if(flag==0)
-			sh_tclear((Shnode_t*)arg->argchn.ap);
-		else
-			sh_tclear(((struct fornod*)arg->argchn.ap)->fortre);
-		arg = arg->argnxt.ap;
-	}
-	return(0);
-}
-
-static int p_switch(register struct regnod *reg)
-{
-	int n=0;
-	while(reg)
-	{
-		n+=p_arg(reg->regptr,0);
-		n+=sh_tclear(reg->regcom);
-		reg = reg->regnxt;
-	}
-	return(n);
-}
-#   define OPTIMIZE_FLAG	(ARG_OPTIMIZE)
-#   define OPTIMIZE		(flags&OPTIMIZE_FLAG)
-#else
-#   define OPTIMIZE_FLAG	(0)
-#   define OPTIMIZE		(0)
-#   define sh_tclear(x)
-#endif /* SHOPT_OPTIMIZE */
-
-static void out_pattern(Sfio_t *iop, register const char *cp, int n)
-{
-	register int c;
-	do
-	{
-		switch(c= *cp)
-		{
-		    case 0:
-			if(n<0)
-				return;
-			c = n;
-			break;
-		    case '\n':
-			sfputr(iop,"$'\\n",'\'');
-			continue;
-		    case '\\':
-			if (!(c = *++cp))
-				c = '\\';
-			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
-		    case ' ':
-		    case '<': case '>': case ';':
-		    case '$': case '`': case '\t':
-			sfputc(iop,'\\');
-			break;
-		}
-		sfputc(iop,c);
-	}
-	while(*cp++);
-}
-
-static void out_string(Sfio_t *iop, register const char *cp, int c, int quoted)
-{
-	if(quoted)
-	{
-		int n = stktell(stkstd);
-		cp = sh_fmtq(cp);
-		if(iop==stkstd && cp==stkptr(stkstd,n))
-		{
-			*stkptr(stkstd,stktell(stkstd)-1) = c;
-			return;
-		}
-	}
-	sfputr(iop,cp,c);
-}
-
-struct Level
-{
-	Namfun_t	hdr;
-	short		maxlevel;
-};
-
-/*
- * this is for a debugger but it hasn't been tested yet
- * if a debug script sets .sh.level it should set up the scope
- *  as if you were executing in that level
- */ 
-static void put_level(Namval_t* np,const char *val,int flags,Namfun_t *fp)
-{
-	Shscope_t	*sp;
-	struct Level *lp = (struct Level*)fp;
-	int16_t level, oldlevel = (int16_t)nv_getnum(np);
-	nv_putv(np,val,flags,fp);
-	if(!val)
-	{
-		fp = nv_stack(np, NIL(Namfun_t*));
-		if(fp && !fp->nofree)
-			free((void*)fp);
-		return;
-	}
-	level = nv_getnum(np);
-	if(level<0 || level > lp->maxlevel)
-	{
-		nv_putv(np, (char*)&oldlevel, NV_INT16, fp);
-		/* perhaps this should be an error */
-		return;
-	}
-	if(level==oldlevel)
-		return;
-	if(sp = sh_getscope(level,SEEK_SET))
-	{
-		sh_setscope(sp);
-		error_info.id = sp->cmdname;
-		
-	}
-}
-
-static const Namdisc_t level_disc = {  sizeof(struct Level), put_level };
-
-static struct Level *init_level(int level)
-{
-	struct Level *lp = newof(NiL,struct Level,1,0);
-	lp->maxlevel = level;
-	_nv_unset(SH_LEVELNOD,0);
-	nv_onattr(SH_LEVELNOD,NV_INT16|NV_NOFREE);
-	nv_putval(SH_LEVELNOD,(char*)&lp->maxlevel,NV_INT16);
-	lp->hdr.disc = &level_disc;
-	nv_disc(SH_LEVELNOD,&lp->hdr,NV_FIRST);
-	return(lp);
-}
-
-/*
- * write the current common on the stack and make it available as .sh.command
- */
-int sh_debug(Shell_t *shp, const char *trap, const char *name, const char *subscript, char *const argv[], int flags)
-{
-	Stk_t			*stkp=shp->stk;
-	struct sh_scoped	savst;
-	Namval_t		*np = SH_COMMANDNOD;
-	char			*sav = stkptr(stkp,0);
-	int			n=4, offset=stktell(stkp);
-	const char		*cp = "+=( ";
-	Sfio_t			*iop = stkstd;
-	short			level;
-	if(shp->indebug)
-		return(0);
-	shp->indebug = 1;
-	if(name)
-	{
-		sfputr(iop,name,-1);
-		if(subscript)
-		{
-			sfputc(iop,'[');
-			out_string(iop,subscript,']',1);
-		}
-		if(!(flags&ARG_APPEND))
-			cp+=1, n-=1;
-		if(!(flags&ARG_ASSIGN))
-			n -= 2;
-		sfwrite(iop,cp,n);
-	}
-	if(*argv && !(flags&ARG_RAW))
-		out_string(iop, *argv++,' ', 0);
-	n = (flags&ARG_ARITH);
-	while(cp = *argv++)
-	{
-		if((flags&ARG_EXP) && argv[1]==0)
-			out_pattern(iop, cp,' ');
-		else
-			out_string(iop, cp,' ',n?0: (flags&(ARG_RAW|ARG_NOGLOB))||*argv);
-	}
-	if(flags&ARG_ASSIGN)
-		sfputc(iop,')');
-	else if(iop==stkstd)
-		*stkptr(stkp,stktell(stkp)-1) = 0;
-	np->nvalue.cp = stkfreeze(stkp,1);
-	/* now setup .sh.level variable */
-	shp->st.lineno = error_info.line;
-	level  = shp->fn_depth+shp->dot_depth;
-	if(!SH_LEVELNOD->nvfun || !SH_LEVELNOD->nvfun->disc || nv_isattr(SH_LEVELNOD,NV_INT16|NV_NOFREE)!=(NV_INT16|NV_NOFREE))
-		init_level(level);
-	else
-		nv_putval(SH_LEVELNOD,(char*)&level,NV_INT16);
-	savst = shp->st;
-	shp->st.trap[SH_DEBUGTRAP] = 0;
-	n = sh_trap(trap,0);
-	np->nvalue.cp = 0;
-	shp->indebug = 0;
-	if(shp->st.cmdname)
-		error_info.id = shp->st.cmdname;
-	nv_putval(SH_PATHNAMENOD,shp->st.filename,NV_NOFREE);
-	nv_putval(SH_FUNNAMENOD,shp->st.funname,NV_NOFREE);
-	shp->st = savst;
-	if(sav != stkptr(stkp,0))
-		stkset(stkp,sav,0);
-	else
-		stkseek(stkp,offset);
-	return(n);
-}
-
-/*
- * Given stream <iop> compile and execute
- */
-int sh_eval(register Sfio_t *iop, int mode)
-{
-	register Shnode_t *t;
-	Shell_t  *shp = sh_getinterp();
-	struct slnod *saveslp = shp->st.staklist;
-	int jmpval;
-	struct checkpt *pp = (struct checkpt*)shp->jmplist;
-	struct checkpt buff;
-	static Sfio_t *io_save;
-	volatile int traceon=0, lineno=0;
-	int binscript=shp->binscript;
-	io_save = iop; /* preserve correct value across longjmp */
-	shp->binscript = 0;
-#define SH_TOPFUN	0x8000	/* this is a temporary tksh hack */
-	if (mode & SH_TOPFUN)
-	{
-		mode ^= SH_TOPFUN;
-		shp->fn_reset = 1;
-	}
-	sh_pushcontext(&buff,SH_JMPEVAL);
-	buff.olist = pp->olist;
-	jmpval = sigsetjmp(buff.buff,0);
-	while(jmpval==0)
-	{
-		if(mode&SH_READEVAL)
-		{
-			lineno = shp->inlineno;
-			if(traceon=sh_isoption(SH_XTRACE))
-				sh_offoption(SH_XTRACE);
-		}
-		t = (Shnode_t*)sh_parse(shp,iop,(mode&(SH_READEVAL|SH_FUNEVAL))?mode&SH_FUNEVAL:SH_NL);
-		if(!(mode&SH_FUNEVAL) || !sfreserve(iop,0,0))
-		{
-			if(!(mode&SH_READEVAL))
-				sfclose(iop);
-			io_save = 0;
-			mode &= ~SH_FUNEVAL;
-		}
-		mode &= ~SH_READEVAL;
-		if(!sh_isoption(SH_VERBOSE))
-			sh_offstate(SH_VERBOSE);
-		if((mode&~SH_FUNEVAL) && shp->hist_ptr)
-		{
-			hist_flush(shp->hist_ptr);
-			mode = sh_state(SH_INTERACTIVE);
-		}
-		sh_exec(t,sh_isstate(SH_ERREXIT)|sh_isstate(SH_NOFORK)|(mode&~SH_FUNEVAL));
-		if(!(mode&SH_FUNEVAL))
-			break;
-	}
-	sh_popcontext(&buff);
-	shp->binscript = binscript;
-	if(traceon)
-		sh_onoption(SH_XTRACE);
-	if(lineno)
-		shp->inlineno = lineno;
-	if(io_save)
-		sfclose(io_save);
-	sh_freeup(shp);
-	shp->st.staklist = saveslp;
-	shp->fn_reset = 0;
-	if(jmpval>SH_JMPEVAL)
-		siglongjmp(*shp->jmplist,jmpval);
-	return(shp->exitval);
-}
-
-#if SHOPT_FASTPIPE
-static int pipe_exec(Shell_t* shp,int pv[], Shnode_t *t, int errorflg)
-{
-	struct checkpt buff;
-	register Shnode_t *tchild = t->fork.forktre;
-	Namval_t *np;
-	int jmpval;
-	volatile Sfio_t *iop;
-	volatile int r;
-	if((tchild->tre.tretyp&COMMSK)!=TCOM || !(np=(Namval_t*)(tchild->com.comnamp)))
-	{
-		sh_pipe(pv);
-		return(sh_exec(t,errorflg));
-	}
-	pv[0] = shp->lim.open_max;
-	shp->fdstatus[pv[0]] = IOREAD|IODUP|IOSEEK;
-	pv[1] = shp->lim.open_max+1;
-	shp->fdstatus[pv[1]] = IOWRITE|IOSEEK;
-	iop = sftmp(IOBSIZE+1);
-	shp->sftable[shp->lim.open_max+1] = iop;
-	sh_pushcontext(&buff,SH_JMPIO);
-	if(t->tre.tretyp&FPIN)
-		sh_iosave(shp,0,shp->topfd,(char*)0);
-	sh_iosave(shp,1,shp->topfd,(char*)0);
-	jmpval = sigsetjmp(buff.buff,0);
-	if(jmpval==0)
-	{
-		if(t->tre.tretyp&FPIN)
-			sh_iorenumber(shp,shp->inpipe[0],0);
-		sh_iorenumber(shp,shp->lim.open_max+1,1);
-		r = sh_exec(tchild,errorflg);
-		if(sffileno(sfstdout)>=0)
-			pv[0] = sfsetfd(sfstdout,10);
-		iop = sfswap(sfstdout,0);
-	}
-	sh_popcontext(&buff);
-	shp->sftable[pv[0]] = iop;
-	shp->fdstatus[pv[0]] = IOREAD|IODUP|IOSEEK;
-	sfset(iop,SF_WRITE,0);
-	sfseek(iop,0L,SEEK_SET);
-	sh_iorestore(shp,buff.topfd,jmpval);
-	if(jmpval>SH_JMPIO)
-		siglongjmp(*shp->jmplist,jmpval);
-	return(r);
-}
-#endif /* SHOPT_FASTPIPE */
-
-/*
- * returns 1 when option -<c> is specified
- */
-static int checkopt(char *argv[], int c)
-{
-	char *cp;
-	while(cp = *++argv)
-	{
-		if(*cp=='+')
-			continue;
-		if(*cp!='-' || cp[1]=='-')
-			break;
-		if(strchr(++cp,c))
-			return(1);
-		if(*cp=='h' && cp[1]==0 && *++argv==0)
-			break;
-	}
-	return(0);
-}
-
-static void free_list(struct openlist *olist)
-{
-	struct openlist *item,*next;
-	for(item=olist;item;item=next)
-	{
-		next = item->next;
-		free((void*)item);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * set ${.sh.name} and ${.sh.subscript}
- * set _ to reference for ${.sh.name}[$.sh.subscript]
- */
-static int set_instance(Shell_t *shp,Namval_t *nq, Namval_t *node, struct Namref *nr)
-{
-	char		*sp=0,*cp = nv_name(nq);
-	Namarr_t	*ap;
-	memset(nr,0,sizeof(*nr));
-	nr->np = nq;
-	nr->root = sh.var_tree;
-	nr->table = sh.last_table;
-	shp->instance = 1;
-	if((ap=nv_arrayptr(nq)) && (sp = nv_getsub(nq)))
-		sp = strdup(sp);
-	shp->instance = 0;
-	if(sh.var_tree!=sh.var_base && !nv_open(cp,nr->root,NV_VARNAME|NV_NOREF|NV_NOSCOPE|NV_NOADD|NV_NOFAIL))
-		nr->root = sh.var_base;
-	nv_putval(SH_NAMENOD, cp, NV_NOFREE);
-	memcpy(node,L_ARGNOD,sizeof(*node));
-	L_ARGNOD->nvalue.nrp = nr;
-	L_ARGNOD->nvflag = NV_REF|NV_NOFREE;
-	L_ARGNOD->nvfun = 0;
-	L_ARGNOD->nvenv = 0;
-	if(sp)
-	{
-		nv_putval(SH_SUBSCRNOD,nr->sub=sp,NV_NOFREE);
-		return(ap->nelem&ARRAY_SCAN);
-	}
-	return(0);
-}
-
-static void unset_instance(Namval_t *nq, Namval_t *node, struct Namref *nr,long mode)
-{
-	L_ARGNOD->nvalue.nrp = node->nvalue.nrp;
-	L_ARGNOD->nvflag = node->nvflag;
-	L_ARGNOD->nvfun = node->nvfun;
-	if(nr->sub)
-	{
-		nv_putsub(nq, nr->sub, mode);
-		free((void*)nr->sub);
-	}
-	nv_unset(SH_NAMENOD);
-	nv_unset(SH_SUBSCRNOD);
-}
-
-int sh_exec(register const Shnode_t *t, int flags)
-{
-	register Shell_t	*shp = &sh;
-	Stk_t			*stkp = shp->stk;
-	sh_sigcheck();
-	if(t && !shp->st.execbrk && !sh_isoption(SH_NOEXEC))
-	{
-		register int 	type = flags;
-		register char	*com0 = 0;
-		int 		errorflg = (type&sh_state(SH_ERREXIT))|OPTIMIZE;
-		int 		execflg = (type&sh_state(SH_NOFORK));
-		int 		execflg2 = (type&sh_state(SH_FORKED));
-		int 		mainloop = (type&sh_state(SH_INTERACTIVE));
-#if SHOPT_AMP || SHOPT_SPAWN
-		int		ntflag = (type&sh_state(SH_NTFORK));
-#else
-		int		ntflag = 0;
-#endif
-		int		topfd = shp->topfd;
-		char 		*sav=stkptr(stkp,0);
-		char		*cp=0, **com=0, *comn;
-		int		argn;
-		int 		skipexitset = 0;
-		int		was_interactive = 0;
-		int		was_errexit = sh_isstate(SH_ERREXIT);
-		int		was_monitor = sh_isstate(SH_MONITOR);
-		int		echeck = 0;
-		if(flags&sh_state(SH_INTERACTIVE))
-		{
-			if(pipejob==2)
-				job_unlock();
-			pipejob = 0;
-			job.curpgid = 0;
-			flags &= ~sh_state(SH_INTERACTIVE);
-		}
-		sh_offstate(SH_ERREXIT);
-		sh_offstate(SH_DEFPATH);
-		if(was_errexit&flags)
-			sh_onstate(SH_ERREXIT);
-		if(was_monitor&flags)
-			sh_onstate(SH_MONITOR);
-		type = t->tre.tretyp;
-		if(!shp->intrap)
-			shp->oldexit=shp->exitval;
-		shp->exitval=0;
-		shp->lastsig = 0;
-		shp->lastpath = 0;
-		switch(type&COMMSK)
-		{
-		    case TCOM:
-		    {
-			register struct argnod	*argp;
-			char		*trap;
-			Namval_t	*np, *nq, *last_table;
-			struct ionod	*io;
-			int		command=0, flgs=NV_ASSIGN;
-			shp->bltindata.invariant = type>>(COMBITS+2);
-			type &= (COMMSK|COMSCAN);
-			sh_stats(STAT_SCMDS);
-			error_info.line = t->com.comline-shp->st.firstline;
-			com = sh_argbuild(shp,&argn,&(t->com),OPTIMIZE);
-			echeck = 1;
-			if(t->tre.tretyp&COMSCAN)
-			{
-				argp = t->com.comarg;
-				if(argp && *com && !(argp->argflag&ARG_RAW))
-					sh_sigcheck();
-			}
-			np = (Namval_t*)(t->com.comnamp);
-			nq = (Namval_t*)(t->com.comnamq);
-			com0 = com[0];
-			shp->xargexit = 0;
-			while(np==SYSCOMMAND)
-			{
-				register int n = b_command(0,com,&shp->bltindata);
-				if(n==0)
-					break;
-				command += n;
-				np = 0;
-				if(!(com0= *(com+=n)))
-					break;
-				np = nv_bfsearch(com0, shp->bltin_tree, &nq, &cp); 
-			}
-			if(shp->xargexit)
-			{
-				shp->xargmin -= command;
-				shp->xargmax -= command;
-			}
-			else
-				shp->xargmin = 0;
-			argn -= command;
-			if(!command && np && is_abuiltin(np))
-				np = dtsearch(shp->fun_tree,np);
-			if(com0)
-			{
-				if(!np && !strchr(com0,'/'))
-				{
-					Dt_t *root = command?shp->bltin_tree:shp->fun_tree;
-					np = nv_bfsearch(com0, root, &nq, &cp); 
-#if SHOPT_NAMESPACE
-					if(shp->namespace && !nq && !cp)
-					{
-						int offset = stktell(stkp);
-						sfputr(stkp,nv_name(shp->namespace),-1);
-						sfputc(stkp,'.');
-						sfputr(stkp,com0,0);
-						stkseek(stkp,offset);
-						np = nv_bfsearch(stkptr(stkp,offset), root, &nq, &cp); 
-					}
-#endif /* SHOPT_NAMESPACE */
-				}
-				comn = com[argn-1];
-			}
-			io = t->tre.treio;
-			if(shp->envlist = argp = t->com.comset)
-			{
-				if(argn==0 || (np && nv_isattr(np,BLT_SPC)))
-				{
-					Namval_t *tp=0;
-					if(argn)
-					{
-						if(checkopt(com,'A'))
-							flgs |= NV_ARRAY;
-						else if(checkopt(com,'a'))
-							flgs |= NV_IARRAY;
-					}
-#if SHOPT_BASH
-					if(np==SYSLOCAL)
-					{
-						if(!nv_getval(SH_FUNNAMENOD))
-							errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(1),"%s: can only be used in a function",com0);
-						if(!shp->st.var_local)
-						{
-							sh_scope(shp,(struct argnod*)0,0);
-							shp->st.var_local = shp->var_tree;
-						}
-			
-					}
-					if(np==SYSTYPESET || np==SYSLOCAL)
-#else
-					if(np==SYSTYPESET ||  (np && np->nvalue.bfp==SYSTYPESET->nvalue.bfp))
-#endif
-					{
-						if(np!=SYSTYPESET)
-						{
-							shp->typeinit = np;
-							tp = nv_type(np);
-						}
-						if(checkopt(com,'C'))
-							flgs |= NV_COMVAR;
-						if(checkopt(com,'S'))
-							flgs |= NV_STATIC;
-						if(checkopt(com,'n'))
-							flgs |= NV_NOREF;
-						else if(!shp->typeinit && (checkopt(com,'L') || checkopt(com,'R') || checkopt(com,'Z')))
-							flgs |= NV_UNJUST;
-#if SHOPT_TYPEDEF
-						else if(argn>=3 && checkopt(com,'T'))
-						{
-							shp->prefix = NV_CLASS;
-							flgs |= NV_TYPE;
-			
-						}
-#endif /* SHOPT_TYPEDEF */
-						if((shp->fn_depth && !shp->prefix) || np==SYSLOCAL)
-							flgs |= NV_NOSCOPE;
-					}
-					else if(np==SYSEXPORT)
-						flgs |= NV_EXPORT;
-					if(flgs&(NV_EXPORT|NV_NOREF))
-						flgs |= NV_IDENT;
-					else
-						flgs |= NV_VARNAME;
-#if 0
-					if(OPTIMIZE)
-						flgs |= NV_TAGGED;
-#endif
-					nv_setlist(argp,flgs,tp);
-					if(np==shp->typeinit)
-						shp->typeinit = 0;
-					shp->envlist = argp;
-					argp = NULL;
-				}
-			}
-			last_table = shp->last_table;
-			shp->last_table = 0;
-			if((io||argn))
-			{
-				Shbltin_t *bp=0;
-				static char *argv[1];
-				int tflags = 1;
-				if(np &&  nv_isattr(np,BLT_DCL))
-					tflags |= 2;
-				if(argn==0)
-				{
-					/* fake 'true' built-in */
-					np = SYSTRUE;
-					*argv = nv_name(np);
-					com = argv;
-				}
-				/* set +x doesn't echo */
-				else if((np!=SYSSET) && sh_isoption(SH_XTRACE))
-					sh_trace(com-command,tflags);
-				else if((t->tre.tretyp&FSHOWME) && sh_isoption(SH_SHOWME))
-				{
-					int ison = sh_isoption(SH_XTRACE);
-					if(!ison)
-						sh_onoption(SH_XTRACE);
-					sh_trace(com-command,tflags);
-					if(io)
-						sh_redirect(shp,io,SH_SHOWME);
-					if(!ison)
-						sh_offoption(SH_XTRACE);
-					break;
-				}
-				if(trap=shp->st.trap[SH_DEBUGTRAP])
-				{
-					int n = sh_debug(shp,trap,(char*)0,(char*)0, com, ARG_RAW);
-					if(n==255 && shp->fn_depth+shp->dot_depth)
-					{
-						np = SYSRETURN;
-						argn = 1;
-						com[0] = np->nvname;
-						com[1] = 0;
-						io = 0;
-						argp = 0;
-					}
-					else if(n==2)
-						break;
-				}
-				if(io)
-					sfsync(shp->outpool);
-				shp->lastpath = 0;
-				if(!np  && !strchr(com0,'/'))
-				{
-					if(path_search(com0,NIL(Pathcomp_t**),1))
-					{
-						error_info.line = t->com.comline-shp->st.firstline;
-						if((np=nv_search(com0,shp->fun_tree,0)) && !np->nvalue.ip)
-						{
-							Namval_t *mp=nv_search(com0,shp->bltin_tree,0);
-							if(mp)
-								np = mp;
-						}
-					}
-					else
-					{
-						if((np=nv_search(com0,shp->track_tree,0)) && !nv_isattr(np,NV_NOALIAS) && np->nvalue.cp)
-							np=nv_search(nv_getval(np),shp->bltin_tree,0);
-						else
-							np = 0;
-					}
-				}
-				if(np && pipejob==2)
-				{
-					job_unlock();
-					pipejob = 1;
-				}
-				/* check for builtins */
-				if(np && is_abuiltin(np))
-				{
-					volatile int scope=0, share=0;
-					volatile void *save_ptr;
-					volatile void *save_data;
-					int jmpval, save_prompt;
-					int was_nofork = execflg?sh_isstate(SH_NOFORK):0;
-					struct checkpt buff;
-					unsigned long was_vi=0, was_emacs=0, was_gmacs=0;
-					struct stat statb;
-					bp = &shp->bltindata;
-					save_ptr = bp->ptr;
-					save_data = bp->data;
-					memset(&statb, 0, sizeof(struct stat));
-					if(strchr(nv_name(np),'/'))
-					{
-						/*
-						 * disable editors for built-in
-						 * versions of commands on PATH
-						 */
-						was_vi = sh_isoption(SH_VI);
-						was_emacs = sh_isoption(SH_EMACS);
-						was_gmacs = sh_isoption(SH_GMACS);
-						sh_offoption(SH_VI);
-						sh_offoption(SH_EMACS);
-						sh_offoption(SH_GMACS);
-					}
-					if(execflg)
-						sh_onstate(SH_NOFORK);
-					sh_pushcontext(&buff,SH_JMPCMD);
-					jmpval = sigsetjmp(buff.buff,1);
-					if(jmpval == 0)
-					{
-						if(!(nv_isattr(np,BLT_ENV)))
-							error_info.flags |= ERROR_SILENT;
-						errorpush(&buff.err,0);
-						if(io)
-						{
-							struct openlist *item;
-							if(np==SYSLOGIN)
-								type=1;
-							else if(np==SYSEXEC)
-								type=1+!com[1];
-							else
-								type = (execflg && !shp->subshell && !shp->st.trapcom[0]);
-							sh_redirect(shp,io,type);
-							for(item=buff.olist;item;item=item->next)
-								item->strm=0;
-						}
-						if(!(nv_isattr(np,BLT_ENV)))
-						{
-							if(bp->nosfio)
-							{
-								if(!shp->pwd)
-									path_pwd(0);
-								if(shp->pwd)
-									stat(".",&statb);
-							}
-							sfsync(NULL);
-							share = sfset(sfstdin,SF_SHARE,0);
-							sh_onstate(SH_STOPOK);
-							sfpool(sfstderr,NIL(Sfio_t*),SF_WRITE);
-							sfset(sfstderr,SF_LINE,1);
-							save_prompt = shp->nextprompt;
-							shp->nextprompt = 0;
-						}
-						if(argp)
-						{
-							scope++;
-							sh_scope(shp,argp,0);
-						}
-						opt_info.index = opt_info.offset = 0;
-						opt_info.disc = 0;
-						error_info.id = *com;
-						if(argn)
-							shp->exitval = 0;
-						shp->bltinfun = funptr(np);
-						bp->bnode = np;
-						bp->vnode = nq;
-						bp->ptr = nv_context(np);
-						bp->data = t->com.comstate;
-						bp->sigset = 0;
-						bp->notify = 0;
-						bp->flags = (OPTIMIZE!=0);
-						if(shp->subshell && nv_isattr(np,BLT_NOSFIO))
-							sh_subtmpfile(0);
-						if(execflg && !shp->subshell &&
-							!shp->st.trapcom[0] && !shp->st.trap[SH_ERRTRAP] && shp->fn_depth==0 && !nv_isattr(np,BLT_ENV))
-						{
-							/* do close-on-exec */
-							int fd;
-							for(fd=0; fd < shp->lim.open_max; fd++)
-								if((shp->fdstatus[fd]&IOCLEX)&&fd!=shp->infd)
-									sh_close(fd);
-						}
-						if(argn)
-							shp->exitval = (*shp->bltinfun)(argn,com,(void*)bp);
-						if(error_info.flags&ERROR_INTERACTIVE)
-							tty_check(ERRIO);
-						((Shnode_t*)t)->com.comstate = shp->bltindata.data;
-						bp->data = (void*)save_data;
-						if(!nv_isattr(np,BLT_EXIT) && shp->exitval!=SH_RUNPROG)
-							shp->exitval &= SH_EXITMASK;
-					}
-					else
-					{
-						struct openlist *item;
-						for(item=buff.olist;item;item=item->next)
-						{
-							if(item->strm)
-							{
-								sfclrlock(item->strm);
-								if(shp->hist_ptr && item->strm == shp->hist_ptr->histfp)
-									hist_close(shp->hist_ptr);
-								else
-									sfclose(item->strm);
-							}
-						}
-						if(shp->bltinfun && (error_info.flags&ERROR_NOTIFY))
-							(*shp->bltinfun)(-2,com,(void*)bp);
-						/* failure on special built-ins fatal */
-						if(jmpval<=SH_JMPCMD  && (!nv_isattr(np,BLT_SPC) || command))
-							jmpval=0;
-					}
-					if(bp && bp->ptr!= nv_context(np))
-						np->nvfun = (Namfun_t*)bp->ptr;
-					if(execflg && !was_nofork)
-						sh_offstate(SH_NOFORK);
-					if(!(nv_isattr(np,BLT_ENV)))
-					{
-						if(bp->nosfio && shp->pwd)
-						{
-							struct stat stata;
-							stat(".",&stata);
-							/* restore directory changed */
-							if(statb.st_ino!=stata.st_ino || statb.st_dev!=stata.st_dev)
-								chdir(shp->pwd);
-						}
-						sh_offstate(SH_STOPOK);
-						if(share&SF_SHARE)
-							sfset(sfstdin,SF_PUBLIC|SF_SHARE,1);
-						sfset(sfstderr,SF_LINE,0);
-						sfpool(sfstderr,shp->outpool,SF_WRITE);
-						sfpool(sfstdin,NIL(Sfio_t*),SF_WRITE);
-						shp->nextprompt = save_prompt;
-					}
-					sh_popcontext(&buff);
-					errorpop(&buff.err);
-					error_info.flags &= ~(ERROR_SILENT|ERROR_NOTIFY);
-					shp->bltinfun = 0;
-					if(buff.olist)
-						free_list(buff.olist);
-					if(was_vi)
-						sh_onoption(SH_VI);
-					else if(was_emacs)
-						sh_onoption(SH_EMACS);
-					else if(was_gmacs)
-						sh_onoption(SH_GMACS);
-					if(scope)
-						sh_unscope(shp);
-					bp->ptr = (void*)save_ptr;
-					bp->data = (void*)save_data;
-					/* don't restore for subshell exec */
-					if((shp->topfd>topfd) && !(shp->subshell && np==SYSEXEC))
-						sh_iorestore(shp,topfd,jmpval);
-					if(jmpval)
-						siglongjmp(*shp->jmplist,jmpval);
-#if 0
-					if(flgs&NV_STATIC)
-						((Shnode_t*)t)->com.comset = 0;
-#endif
-					if(shp->exitval >=0)
-						goto setexit;
-					np = 0;
-					type=0;
-				}
-				/* check for functions */
-				if(!command && np && nv_isattr(np,NV_FUNCTION))
-				{
-					volatile int indx;
-					int jmpval=0;
-					struct checkpt buff;
-					Namval_t node;
-					struct Namref	nr;
-					long		mode;
-					register struct slnod *slp;
-					if(!np->nvalue.ip)
-					{
-						indx = path_search(com0,NIL(Pathcomp_t**),0);
-						if(indx==1)
-							np = nv_search(com0,shp->fun_tree,HASH_NOSCOPE);
-						
-						if(!np->nvalue.ip)
-						{
-							if(indx==1)
-							{
-								errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(0),e_defined,com0);
-								shp->exitval = ERROR_NOEXEC;
-							}
-							else
-							{
-								errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(0),e_found,"function");
-								shp->exitval = ERROR_NOENT;
-							}
-							goto setexit;
-						}
-					}
-					/* increase refcnt for unset */
-					slp = (struct slnod*)np->nvenv;
-					sh_funstaks(slp->slchild,1);
-					staklink(slp->slptr);
-					if(nq)
-					{
-						shp->last_table = last_table;
-						mode = set_instance(shp,nq,&node,&nr);
-					}
-					if(io)
-					{
-						indx = shp->topfd;
-						sh_pushcontext(&buff,SH_JMPCMD);
-						jmpval = sigsetjmp(buff.buff,0);
-					}
-					if(jmpval == 0)
-					{
-						if(io)
-							indx = sh_redirect(shp,io,execflg);
-						sh_funct(shp,np,argn,com,t->com.comset,(flags&~OPTIMIZE_FLAG));
-					}
-					if(io)
-					{
-						if(buff.olist)
-							free_list(buff.olist);
-						sh_popcontext(&buff);
-						sh_iorestore(shp,indx,jmpval);
-					}
-					if(nq)
-						unset_instance(nq,&node,&nr,mode);
-					sh_funstaks(slp->slchild,-1);
-					stakdelete(slp->slptr);
-					if(jmpval > SH_JMPFUN)
-						siglongjmp(*shp->jmplist,jmpval);
-					goto setexit;
-				}
-			}
-			else if(!io)
-			{
-			setexit:
-				exitset();
-				break;
-			}
-		    }
-		    /* FALLTHROUGH */
-		    case TFORK:
-		    {
-			register pid_t parent;
-			int no_fork,jobid;
-			int pipes[2];
-			if(shp->subshell)
-			{
-				if(shp->subshare)
-					sh_subtmpfile(1);
-				else
-					sh_subfork();
-			}
-			no_fork = !ntflag && !(type&(FAMP|FPOU)) &&
-			    !shp->st.trapcom[0] && !shp->st.trap[SH_ERRTRAP] &&
-				((struct checkpt*)shp->jmplist)->mode!=SH_JMPEVAL &&
-				(execflg2 || (execflg && 
-				!shp->subshell && shp->fn_depth==0 &&
-				!(pipejob && sh_isoption(SH_PIPEFAIL))
-			    ));
-			if(sh_isstate(SH_PROFILE) || shp->dot_depth)
-			{
-				/* disable foreground job monitor */
-				if(!(type&FAMP))
-					sh_offstate(SH_MONITOR);
-#if SHOPT_DEVFD
-				else if(!(type&FINT))
-					sh_offstate(SH_MONITOR);
-#endif /* SHOPT_DEVFD */
-			}
-			if(no_fork)
-				job.parent=parent=0;
-			else
-			{
-#ifdef SHOPT_BGX
-				int maxjob;
-				if(((type&(FAMP|FINT)) == (FAMP|FINT)) && (maxjob=nv_getnum(JOBMAXNOD))>0)
-				{
-					while(job.numbjob >= maxjob)
-					{
-						job_lock();
-						job_reap(0);
-						job_unlock();
-					}
-				}
-#endif /* SHOPT_BGX */
-				if(type&FCOOP)
-					coproc_init(shp,pipes);
-				nv_getval(RANDNOD);
-#if SHOPT_AMP
-				if((type&(FAMP|FINT)) == (FAMP|FINT))
-					parent = sh_ntfork(shp,t,com,&jobid,ntflag);
-				else
-					parent = sh_fork(type,&jobid);
-				if(parent<0)
-					break;
-#else
-#if SHOPT_SPAWN
-#   ifdef _lib_fork
-				if(com)
-					parent = sh_ntfork(shp,t,com,&jobid,ntflag);
-				else
-					parent = sh_fork(type,&jobid);
-#   else
-				if((parent = sh_ntfork(shp,t,com,&jobid,ntflag))<=0)
-					break;
-#   endif /* _lib_fork */
-				if(parent<0)
-					break;
-#else
-				parent = sh_fork(type,&jobid);
-#endif /* SHOPT_SPAWN */
-#endif
-			}
-			if(job.parent=parent)
-			/* This is the parent branch of fork
-			 * It may or may not wait for the child
-			 */
-			{
-				if(pipejob==2)
-				{
-					pipejob = 1;
-					job_unlock();
-				}
-				if(type&FPCL)
-					sh_close(shp->inpipe[0]);
-				if(type&(FCOOP|FAMP))
-					shp->bckpid = parent;
-				else if(!(type&(FAMP|FPOU)))
-				{
-					if(shp->topfd > topfd)
-						sh_iorestore(shp,topfd,0);
-					if(!sh_isoption(SH_MONITOR))
-					{
-						if(!(shp->sigflag[SIGINT]&(SH_SIGFAULT|SH_SIGOFF)))
-							sh_sigtrap(SIGINT);
-						shp->trapnote |= SH_SIGIGNORE;
-					}
-					if(execflg && shp->subshell && !shp->subshare)
-					{
-						shp->spid = parent;
-						job.pwlist->p_env--;
-					}
-					else if(shp->pipepid)
-						shp->pipepid = parent;
-					else
-						job_wait(parent);
-					if(!sh_isoption(SH_MONITOR))
-					{
-						shp->trapnote &= ~SH_SIGIGNORE;
-						if(shp->exitval == (SH_EXITSIG|SIGINT))
-							sh_fault(SIGINT);
-					}
-				}
-				if(type&FAMP)
-				{
-					if(sh_isstate(SH_PROFILE) || sh_isstate(SH_INTERACTIVE))
-					{
-						/* print job number */
-#ifdef JOBS
-						sfprintf(sfstderr,"[%d]\t%d\n",jobid,parent);
-#else
-						sfprintf(sfstderr,"%d\n",parent);
-#endif /* JOBS */
-					}
-				}
-				break;
-			}
-			else
-			/*
-			 * this is the FORKED branch (child) of execute
-			 */
-			{
-				volatile int jmpval;
-				struct checkpt buff;
-				if(no_fork)
-					sh_sigreset(2);
-				sh_pushcontext(&buff,SH_JMPEXIT);
-				jmpval = sigsetjmp(buff.buff,0);
-				if(jmpval)
-					goto done;
-				if((type&FINT) && !sh_isstate(SH_MONITOR))
-				{
-					/* default std input for & */
-					signal(SIGINT,SIG_IGN);
-					signal(SIGQUIT,SIG_IGN);
-					if(!shp->st.ioset)
-					{
-						if(sh_close(0)>=0)
-							sh_chkopen(e_devnull);
-					}
-				}
-				sh_offstate(SH_MONITOR);
-				/* pipe in or out */
-#ifdef _lib_nice
-				if((type&FAMP) && sh_isoption(SH_BGNICE))
-					nice(4);
-#endif /* _lib_nice */
-				if(type&FPIN)
-				{
-					sh_iorenumber(shp,shp->inpipe[0],0);
-					if(!(type&FPOU) || (type&FCOOP))
-						sh_close(shp->inpipe[1]);
-				}
-				if(type&FPOU)
-				{
-					sh_iorenumber(shp,shp->outpipe[1],1);
-					sh_pclose(shp->outpipe);
-				}
-				if((type&COMMSK)!=TCOM)
-					error_info.line = t->fork.forkline-shp->st.firstline;
-				if(shp->topfd)
-					sh_iounsave(shp);
-				topfd = shp->topfd;
-				sh_redirect(shp,t->tre.treio,1);
-				if(shp->topfd > topfd)
-				{
-					job_lock();
-					while((parent = vfork()) < 0)
-						_sh_fork(parent, 0, (int*)0);
-					job_fork(parent);
-					if(parent)
-					{
-						job_clear();
-						job_post(parent,0);
-						job_wait(parent);
-						sh_iorestore(shp,topfd,SH_JMPCMD);
-						sh_done(shp,(shp->exitval&SH_EXITSIG)?(shp->exitval&SH_EXITMASK):0);
-
-					}
-				}
-				if((type&COMMSK)!=TCOM)
-				{
-					/* don't clear job table for out
-					   pipes so that jobs comand can
-					   be used in a pipeline
-					 */
-					if(!no_fork && !(type&FPOU))
-						job_clear();
-					sh_exec(t->fork.forktre,flags|sh_state(SH_NOFORK)|sh_state(SH_FORKED));
-				}
-				else if(com0)
-				{
-					sh_offoption(SH_ERREXIT);
-					sh_freeup(shp);
-					path_exec(com0,com,t->com.comset);
-				}
-			done:
-				sh_popcontext(&buff);
-				if(jmpval>SH_JMPEXIT)
-					siglongjmp(*shp->jmplist,jmpval);
-				sh_done(shp,0);
-			}
-		    }
-		    /* FALLTHROUGH */
-
-		    case TSETIO:
-		    {
-		    /*
-		     * don't create a new process, just
-		     * save and restore io-streams
-		     */
-			pid_t	pid;
-			int 	jmpval, waitall;
-			int 	simple = (t->fork.forktre->tre.tretyp&COMMSK)==TCOM;
-			struct checkpt buff;
-			if(shp->subshell)
-				execflg = 0;
-			sh_pushcontext(&buff,SH_JMPIO);
-			if(type&FPIN)
-			{
-				was_interactive = sh_isstate(SH_INTERACTIVE);
-				sh_offstate(SH_INTERACTIVE);
-				sh_iosave(shp,0,shp->topfd,(char*)0);
-				shp->pipepid = simple;
-				sh_iorenumber(shp,shp->inpipe[0],0);
-				/*
-				 * if read end of pipe is a simple command
-				 * treat as non-sharable to improve performance
-				 */
-				if(simple)
-					sfset(sfstdin,SF_PUBLIC|SF_SHARE,0);
-				waitall = job.waitall;
-				job.waitall = 0;
-				pid = job.parent;
-			}
-			else
-				error_info.line = t->fork.forkline-shp->st.firstline;
-			jmpval = sigsetjmp(buff.buff,0);
-			if(jmpval==0)
-			{
-				sh_redirect(shp,t->fork.forkio,execflg);
-				(t->fork.forktre)->tre.tretyp |= t->tre.tretyp&FSHOWME;
-				sh_exec(t->fork.forktre,flags&~simple);
-			}
-			else
-				sfsync(shp->outpool);
-			sh_popcontext(&buff);
-			sh_iorestore(shp,buff.topfd,jmpval);
-			if(buff.olist)
-				free_list(buff.olist);
-			if(type&FPIN)
-			{
-				job.waitall = waitall;
-				type = shp->exitval;
-				if(!(type&SH_EXITSIG))
-				{
-					/* wait for remainder of pipline */
-					if(shp->pipepid>1)
-					{
-						job_wait(shp->pipepid);
-						type = shp->exitval;
-					}
-					else
-						job_wait(waitall?pid:0);
-					if(type || !sh_isoption(SH_PIPEFAIL))
-						shp->exitval = type;
-				}
-				shp->pipepid = 0;
-				shp->st.ioset = 0;
-				if(simple && was_errexit)
-				{
-					echeck = 1;
-					sh_onstate(SH_ERREXIT);
-				}
-			}
-			if(jmpval>SH_JMPIO)
-				siglongjmp(*shp->jmplist,jmpval);
-			break;
-		    }
-
-		    case TPAR:
-			echeck = 1;
-			flags &= ~OPTIMIZE_FLAG;
-			if(!shp->subshell && !shp->st.trapcom[0] && !shp->st.trap[SH_ERRTRAP] && (flags&sh_state(SH_NOFORK)))
-			{
-				char *savsig;
-				int nsig,jmpval;
-				struct checkpt buff;
-				shp->st.otrapcom = 0;
-				if((nsig=shp->st.trapmax*sizeof(char*))>0 || shp->st.trapcom[0])
-				{
-					nsig += sizeof(char*);
-					memcpy(savsig=malloc(nsig),(char*)&shp->st.trapcom[0],nsig);
-					shp->st.otrapcom = (char**)savsig;
-				}
-				sh_sigreset(0);
-				sh_pushcontext(&buff,SH_JMPEXIT);
-				jmpval = sigsetjmp(buff.buff,0);
-				if(jmpval==0)
-					sh_exec(t->par.partre,flags);
-				sh_popcontext(&buff);
-				if(jmpval > SH_JMPEXIT)
-					siglongjmp(*shp->jmplist,jmpval);
-				sh_done(shp,0);
-			}
-			else
-				sh_subshell(t->par.partre,flags,0);
-			break;
-
-		    case TFIL:
-		    {
-		    /*
-		     * This code sets up a pipe.
-		     * All elements of the pipe are started by the parent.
-		     * The last element executes in current environment
-		     */
-			int	pvo[2];	/* old pipe for multi-stage */
-			int	pvn[2];	/* current set up pipe */
-			int	savepipe = pipejob;
-			int	showme = t->tre.tretyp&FSHOWME;
-			pid_t	savepgid = job.curpgid;
-			job.curpgid = 0;
-			if(shp->subshell)
-			{
-				if(shp->subshare)
-					sh_subtmpfile(0);
-				else
-					sh_subfork();
-			}
-			shp->inpipe = pvo;
-			shp->outpipe = pvn;
-			pvo[1] = -1;
-			if(sh_isoption(SH_PIPEFAIL))
-				job.waitall = 1;
-			else
-				job.waitall |= !pipejob && sh_isstate(SH_MONITOR);
-			job_lock();
-			do
-			{
-#if SHOPT_FASTPIPE
-				type = pipe_exec(shp,pvn,t->lst.lstlef, errorflg);
-#else
-				/* create the pipe */
-				sh_pipe(pvn);
-				/* execute out part of pipe no wait */
-				(t->lst.lstlef)->tre.tretyp |= showme;
-				type = sh_exec(t->lst.lstlef, errorflg);
-#endif /* SHOPT_FASTPIPE */
-				pipejob=1;
-				/* save the pipe stream-ids */
-				pvo[0] = pvn[0];
-				/* close out-part of pipe */
-				sh_close(pvn[1]);
-				/* pipeline all in one process group */
-				t = t->lst.lstrit;
-			}
-			/* repeat until end of pipeline */
-			while(!type && t->tre.tretyp==TFIL);
-			shp->inpipe = pvn;
-			shp->outpipe = 0;
-			pipejob = 2;
-			if(type == 0)
-			{
-				/*
-				 * execute last element of pipeline
-				 * in the current process
-				 */
-				((Shnode_t*)t)->tre.tretyp |= showme;
-				sh_exec(t,flags);
-			}
-			else
-				/* execution failure, close pipe */
-				sh_pclose(pvn);
-			if(pipejob==2)
-				job_unlock();
-			pipejob = savepipe;
-#ifdef SIGTSTP
-			if(!pipejob && sh_isstate(SH_MONITOR))
-				tcsetpgrp(JOBTTY,shp->pid);
-#endif /*SIGTSTP */
-			job.curpgid = savepgid;
-			break;
-		    }
-
-		    case TLST:
-		    {
-			/*  a list of commands are executed here */
-			do
-			{
-				sh_exec(t->lst.lstlef,errorflg|OPTIMIZE);
-				t = t->lst.lstrit;
-			}
-			while(t->tre.tretyp == TLST);
-			sh_exec(t,flags);
-			break;
-		    }
-
-		    case TAND:
-			if(type&TTEST)
-				skipexitset++;
-			if(sh_exec(t->lst.lstlef,OPTIMIZE)==0)
-				sh_exec(t->lst.lstrit,flags);
-			break;
-
-		    case TORF:
-			if(type&TTEST)
-				skipexitset++;
-			if(sh_exec(t->lst.lstlef,OPTIMIZE)!=0)
-				sh_exec(t->lst.lstrit,flags);
-			break;
-
-		    case TFOR: /* for and select */
-		    {
-			register char **args;
-			register int nargs;
-			register Namval_t *np;
-			int flag = errorflg|OPTIMIZE_FLAG;
-			struct dolnod	*argsav=0;
-			struct comnod	*tp;
-			char *cp, *trap, *nullptr = 0;
-			int nameref, refresh=1;
-			char *av[5];
-#if SHOPT_OPTIMIZE
-			int  jmpval = ((struct checkpt*)shp->jmplist)->mode;
-			struct checkpt buff;
-			void *optlist = shp->optlist;
-			shp->optlist = 0;
-			sh_tclear(t->for_.fortre);
-			sh_pushcontext(&buff,jmpval);
-			jmpval = sigsetjmp(buff.buff,0);
-			if(jmpval)
-				goto endfor;
-#endif /* SHOPT_OPTIMIZE */
-			error_info.line = t->for_.forline-shp->st.firstline;
-			if(!(tp=t->for_.forlst))
-			{
-				args=shp->st.dolv+1;
-				nargs = shp->st.dolc;
-				argsav=sh_arguse(shp);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				args=sh_argbuild(shp,&argn,tp,0);
-				nargs = argn;
-			}
-			np = nv_open(t->for_.fornam, shp->var_tree,NV_NOASSIGN|NV_NOARRAY|NV_VARNAME|NV_NOREF);
-			nameref = nv_isref(np)!=0;
-			shp->st.loopcnt++;
-			cp = *args;
-			while(cp && shp->st.execbrk==0)
-			{
-				if(t->tre.tretyp&COMSCAN)
-				{
-					char *val;
-					int save_prompt;
-					/* reuse register */
-					if(refresh)
-					{
-						sh_menu(sfstderr,nargs,args);
-						refresh = 0;
-					}
-					save_prompt = shp->nextprompt;
-					shp->nextprompt = 3;
-					shp->timeout = 0;
-					shp->exitval=sh_readline(shp,&nullptr,0,1,1000*shp->st.tmout);
-					shp->nextprompt = save_prompt;
-					if(shp->exitval||sfeof(sfstdin)||sferror(sfstdin))
-					{
-						shp->exitval = 1;
-						break;
-					}
-					if(!(val=nv_getval(sh_scoped(shp,REPLYNOD))))
-						continue;
-					else
-					{
-						if(*(cp=val) == 0)
-						{
-							refresh++;
-							goto check;
-						}
-						while(type = *cp++)
-							if(type < '0' && type > '9')
-								break;
-						if(type!=0)
-							type = nargs;
-						else
-							type = (int)strtol(val, (char**)0, 10)-1;
-						if(type<0 || type >= nargs)
-							cp = "";
-						else
-							cp = args[type];
-					}
-				}
-				if(nameref)
-					nv_offattr(np,NV_REF);
-				else if(nv_isattr(np, NV_ARRAY))
-					nv_putsub(np,NIL(char*),0L);
-				nv_putval(np,cp,0);
-				if(nameref)
-					nv_setref(np,(Dt_t*)0,NV_VARNAME);
-				if(trap=shp->st.trap[SH_DEBUGTRAP])
-				{
-					av[0] = (t->tre.tretyp&COMSCAN)?"select":"for";
-					av[1] = t->for_.fornam;
-					av[2] = "in";
-					av[3] = cp;
-					av[4] = 0;
-					sh_debug(shp,trap,(char*)0,(char*)0,av,0);
-				}
-				sh_exec(t->for_.fortre,flag);
-				flag &= ~OPTIMIZE_FLAG;
-				if(t->tre.tretyp&COMSCAN)
-				{
-					if((cp=nv_getval(sh_scoped(shp,REPLYNOD))) && *cp==0)
-						refresh++;
-				}
-				else
-					cp = *++args;
-			check:
-				if(shp->st.breakcnt<0)
-					shp->st.execbrk = (++shp->st.breakcnt !=0);
-			}
-#if SHOPT_OPTIMIZE
-		endfor:
-			sh_popcontext(&buff);
-			sh_tclear(t->for_.fortre);
-			sh_optclear(shp,optlist);
-			if(jmpval)
-				siglongjmp(*shp->jmplist,jmpval);
-#endif /*SHOPT_OPTIMIZE */
-			if(shp->st.breakcnt>0)
-				shp->st.execbrk = (--shp->st.breakcnt !=0);
-			shp->st.loopcnt--;
-			sh_argfree(shp,argsav,0);
-			nv_close(np);
-			break;
-		    }
-
-		    case TWH: /* while and until */
-		    {
-			volatile int 	r=0;
-			int first = OPTIMIZE_FLAG;
-			Shnode_t *tt = t->wh.whtre;
-#if SHOPT_FILESCAN
-			Sfio_t *iop=0;
-			int savein,fd;
-#endif /*SHOPT_FILESCAN*/
-#if SHOPT_OPTIMIZE
-			int  jmpval = ((struct checkpt*)shp->jmplist)->mode;
-			struct checkpt buff;
-			void *optlist = shp->optlist;
-			shp->optlist = 0;
-			sh_tclear(t->wh.whtre);
-			sh_tclear(t->wh.dotre);
-			sh_pushcontext(&buff,jmpval);
-			jmpval = sigsetjmp(buff.buff,0);
-			if(jmpval)
-				goto endwhile;
-#endif /* SHOPT_OPTIMIZE */
-#if SHOPT_FILESCAN
-			if(type==TWH && tt->tre.tretyp==TCOM && !tt->com.comarg && tt->com.comio)
-			{
-				fd = sh_redirect(shp,tt->com.comio,3);
-				savein = dup(0);
-				if(fd==0)
-					fd = savein;
-				iop = sfnew(NULL,NULL,SF_UNBOUND,fd,SF_READ);
-				close(0);
-				open("/dev/null",O_RDONLY);
-				shp->offsets[0] = -1;
-				shp->offsets[1] = 0;
-				if(tt->com.comset)
-					nv_setlist(tt->com.comset,NV_IDENT|NV_ASSIGN,0);
-			}
-#endif /*SHOPT_FILESCAN */
-			shp->st.loopcnt++;
-			while(shp->st.execbrk==0)
-			{
-#if SHOPT_FILESCAN
-				if(iop)
-				{
-					if(!(shp->cur_line=sfgetr(iop,'\n',SF_STRING)))
-						break;
-				}
-				else
-#endif /*SHOPT_FILESCAN */
-				if((sh_exec(tt,first)==0)!=(type==TWH))
-					break;
-				r = sh_exec(t->wh.dotre,first|errorflg);
-				if(shp->st.breakcnt<0)
-					shp->st.execbrk = (++shp->st.breakcnt !=0);
-				/* This is for the arithmetic for */
-				if(shp->st.execbrk==0 && t->wh.whinc)
-					sh_exec((Shnode_t*)t->wh.whinc,first);
-				first = 0;
-				errorflg &= ~OPTIMIZE_FLAG;
-#if SHOPT_FILESCAN
-				shp->offsets[0] = -1;
-				shp->offsets[1] = 0;
-#endif /*SHOPT_FILESCAN */
-			}
-#if SHOPT_OPTIMIZE
-		endwhile:
-			sh_popcontext(&buff);
-			sh_tclear(t->wh.whtre);
-			sh_tclear(t->wh.dotre);
-			sh_optclear(shp,optlist);
-			if(jmpval)
-				siglongjmp(*shp->jmplist,jmpval);
-#endif /*SHOPT_OPTIMIZE */
-			if(shp->st.breakcnt>0)
-				shp->st.execbrk = (--shp->st.breakcnt !=0);
-			shp->st.loopcnt--;
-			shp->exitval= r;
-#if SHOPT_FILESCAN
-			if(iop)
-			{
-				sfclose(iop);
-				close(0);
-				dup(savein);
-				shp->cur_line = 0;
-			}
-#endif /*SHOPT_FILESCAN */
-			break;
-		    }
-		    case TARITH: /* (( expression )) */
-		    {
-			register char *trap;
-			char *arg[4];
-			error_info.line = t->ar.arline-shp->st.firstline;
-			arg[0] = "((";
-			if(!(t->ar.arexpr->argflag&ARG_RAW))
-				arg[1] = sh_macpat(shp,t->ar.arexpr,OPTIMIZE|ARG_ARITH);
-			else
-				arg[1] = t->ar.arexpr->argval;
-			arg[2] = "))";
-			arg[3] = 0;
-			if(trap=shp->st.trap[SH_DEBUGTRAP])
-				sh_debug(shp,trap,(char*)0, (char*)0, arg, ARG_ARITH);
-			if(sh_isoption(SH_XTRACE))
-			{
-				sh_trace(NIL(char**),0);
-				sfprintf(sfstderr,"((%s))\n",arg[1]);
-			}
-			if(t->ar.arcomp)
-				shp->exitval  = !arith_exec((Arith_t*)t->ar.arcomp);
-			else
-				shp->exitval = !sh_arith(arg[1]);
-			break;
-		    }
-
-		    case TIF:
-			if(sh_exec(t->if_.iftre,OPTIMIZE)==0)
-				sh_exec(t->if_.thtre,flags);
-			else if(t->if_.eltre)
-				sh_exec(t->if_.eltre, flags);
-			else
-				shp->exitval=0; /* force zero exit for if-then-fi */
-			break;
-
-		    case TSW:
-		    {
-			Shnode_t *tt = (Shnode_t*)t;
-			char *trap, *r = sh_macpat(shp,tt->sw.swarg,OPTIMIZE);
-			error_info.line = t->sw.swline-shp->st.firstline;
-			t= (Shnode_t*)(tt->sw.swlst);
-			if(trap=shp->st.trap[SH_DEBUGTRAP])
-			{
-				char *av[4];
-				av[0] = "case";
-				av[1] = r;
-				av[2] = "in";
-				av[3] = 0;
-				sh_debug(shp,trap, (char*)0, (char*)0, av, 0);
-			}
-			while(t)
-			{
-				register struct argnod	*rex=(struct argnod*)t->reg.regptr;
-				while(rex)
-				{
-					register char *s;
-					if(rex->argflag&ARG_MAC)
-					{
-						s = sh_macpat(shp,rex,OPTIMIZE|ARG_EXP);
-						while(*s=='\\' && s[1]==0)
-							s+=2;
-					}
-					else
-						s = rex->argval;
-					type = (rex->argflag&ARG_RAW);
-					if((type && strcmp(r,s)==0) ||
-						(!type && (strmatch(r,s)
-						|| trim_eq(r,s))))
-					{
-						do	sh_exec(t->reg.regcom,(t->reg.regflag?0:flags));
-						while(t->reg.regflag &&
-							(t=(Shnode_t*)t->reg.regnxt));
-						t=0;
-						break;
-					}
-					else
-						rex=rex->argnxt.ap;
-				}
-				if(t)
-					t=(Shnode_t*)t->reg.regnxt;
-			}
-			break;
-		    }
-
-		    case TTIME:
-		    {
-			/* time the command */
-			struct tms before,after;
-			const char *format = e_timeformat;
-			clock_t at, tm[3];
-#ifdef timeofday
-			struct timeval tb,ta;
-#else
-			clock_t bt;
-#endif	/* timeofday */
-			if(type!=TTIME)
-			{
-				sh_exec(t->par.partre,OPTIMIZE);
-				shp->exitval = !shp->exitval;
-				break;
-			}
-			if(t->par.partre)
-			{
-				long timer_on;
-				timer_on = sh_isstate(SH_TIMING);
-#ifdef timeofday
-				timeofday(&tb);
-				times(&before);
-#else
-				bt = times(&before);
-#endif	/* timeofday */
-				job.waitall = 1;
-				sh_onstate(SH_TIMING);
-				sh_exec(t->par.partre,OPTIMIZE);
-				if(!timer_on)
-					sh_offstate(SH_TIMING);
-				job.waitall = 0;
-			}
-			else
-			{
-#ifndef timeofday
-				bt = 0;
-#endif	/* timeofday */
-				before.tms_utime = before.tms_cutime = 0;
-				before.tms_stime = before.tms_cstime = 0;
-			}
-#ifdef timeofday
-			times(&after);
-			timeofday(&ta);
-			at = shp->lim.clk_tck*(ta.tv_sec-tb.tv_sec);
-			at +=  ((shp->lim.clk_tck*(((1000000L/2)/shp->lim.clk_tck)+(ta.tv_usec-tb.tv_usec)))/1000000L);
-#else
-			at = times(&after) - bt;
-#endif	/* timeofday */
-			tm[0] = at;
-			if(t->par.partre)
-			{
-				Namval_t *np = nv_open("TIMEFORMAT",shp->var_tree,NV_NOADD);
-				if(np)
-				{
-					format = nv_getval(np);
-					nv_close(np);
-				}
-				if(!format)
-					format = e_timeformat;
-			}
-			else
-				format = strchr(format+1,'\n')+1;
-			tm[1] = after.tms_utime - before.tms_utime;
-			tm[1] += after.tms_cutime - before.tms_cutime;
-			tm[2] = after.tms_stime - before.tms_stime;
-			tm[2] += after.tms_cstime - before.tms_cstime;
-			if(format && *format)
-				p_time(shp,sfstderr,sh_translate(format),tm);
-			break;
-		    }
-		    case TFUN:
-		    {
-			register Namval_t *np;
-			register struct slnod *slp;
-			register char *fname = ((struct functnod*)t)->functnam;
-			register char *cp = strrchr(fname,'.');
-			register Namval_t *npv=0;
-#if SHOPT_NAMESPACE
-			if(t->tre.tretyp==TNSPACE)
-			{
-				Dt_t *root,*oldroot, *top=0;
-				Namval_t *oldnspace = shp->namespace;
-				int offset = stktell(stkp);
-				long optindex = shp->st.optindex;
-				if(cp)
-					errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(1),e_ident,fname);
-				sfputc(stkp,'.');
-				sfputr(stkp,fname,0);
-				np = nv_open(stkptr(stkp,offset),shp->var_base,NV_NOASSIGN|NV_NOARRAY|NV_VARNAME);
-				offset = stktell(stkp);
-				shp->namespace = np;
-				if(!(root=nv_dict(np)))
-				{
-					root = dtopen(&_Nvdisc,Dtoset);
-					nv_putval(np,(char*)root,NV_TABLE|NV_NOFREE);
-					shp->st.optindex = 1;
-				}
-				if(oldnspace && dtvnext(dtvnext(shp->var_tree)))
-					top = dtview(shp->var_tree,0);
-				else if(dtvnext(shp->var_tree))
-					top = dtview(shp->var_tree,0);
-				oldroot = shp->var_tree;
-				dtview(root,shp->var_base);
-				shp->var_tree = root;
-				if(top)
-					dtview(shp->var_tree,top);
-				sh_exec(t->for_.fortre,flags);
-				if(dtvnext(shp->var_tree))
-					top = dtview(shp->var_tree,0);
-				shp->var_tree = oldroot;
-				if(top)
-					dtview(top,shp->var_tree);
-				shp->namespace = oldnspace;
-				shp->st.optindex = optindex;
-				break;
-			}
-#endif /* SHOPT_NAMESPACE */
-			/* look for discipline functions */
-			error_info.line = t->funct.functline-shp->st.firstline;
-			/* Function names cannot be special builtin */
-			if(cp || shp->prefix)
-			{
-				int offset = stktell(stkp);
-				if(shp->prefix)
-				{
-					cp = shp->prefix;
-					shp->prefix = 0;
-					npv = nv_open(cp,shp->var_tree,NV_NOASSIGN|NV_NOARRAY|NV_VARNAME);
-					shp->prefix = cp;
-					cp = fname;
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					sfwrite(stkp,fname,cp++-fname);
-					sfputc(stkp,0);
-					npv = nv_open(stkptr(stkp,offset),shp->var_tree,NV_NOASSIGN|NV_NOARRAY|NV_VARNAME);
-				}
-				offset = stktell(stkp);
-				sfprintf(stkp,"%s.%s%c",nv_name(npv),cp,0);
-				fname = stkptr(stkp,offset);
-			}
-			else if((np=nv_search(fname,shp->bltin_tree,0)) && nv_isattr(np,BLT_SPC))
-				errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(1),e_badfun,fname);
-#if SHOPT_NAMESPACE
-			else if(shp->namespace)
-			{
-				int offset = stktell(stkp);
-				sfputr(stkp,nv_name(shp->namespace),-1);
-				sfputc(stkp,'.');
-				sfputr(stkp,fname,0);
-				fname = stkptr(stkp,offset);
-			}
-#endif /* SHOPT_NAMESPACE */
-			np = nv_open(fname,sh_subfuntree(1),NV_NOASSIGN|NV_NOARRAY|NV_VARNAME|NV_NOSCOPE);
-			if(npv)
-			{
-				Namval_t *tp = npv;
-				if(!shp->mktype)
-				{
-					if(shp->typeinit)
-					{
-						if(tp=nv_open(shp->typeinit->nvname,shp->typedict,NV_IDENT|NV_NOFAIL))
-							nv_close(npv);
-						else
-							tp = npv;
-					}
-					cp = nv_setdisc(tp,cp,np,(Namfun_t*)tp);
-				}
-				nv_close(tp);
-				if(!cp)
-					errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(1),e_baddisc,fname);
-			}
-			if(np->nvalue.rp)
-			{
-				slp = (struct slnod*)np->nvenv;
-				sh_funstaks(slp->slchild,-1);
-				stakdelete(slp->slptr);
-				if(shp->funload)
-				{
-					free((void*)np->nvalue.rp);
-					np->nvalue.rp = 0;
-				}
-			
-			}
-			if(!np->nvalue.rp)
-			{
-				np->nvalue.rp = new_of(struct Ufunction,shp->funload?sizeof(Dtlink_t):0);
-				memset((void*)np->nvalue.rp,0,sizeof(struct Ufunction));
-			}
-			if(t->funct.functstak)
-			{
-				static Dtdisc_t		_Rpdisc =
-				{
-				        offsetof(struct Ufunction,fname), -1, sizeof(struct Ufunction) 
-				};
-				struct functnod *fp;
-				slp = t->funct.functstak;
-				sh_funstaks(slp->slchild,1);
-				staklink(slp->slptr);
-				np->nvenv = (char*)slp;
-				nv_funtree(np) = (int*)(t->funct.functtre);
-				np->nvalue.rp->hoffset = t->funct.functloc;
-				np->nvalue.rp->lineno = t->funct.functline;
-				np->nvalue.rp->nspace = shp->namespace;
-				np->nvalue.rp->fname = 0;
-				np->nvalue.rp->fdict = shp->fun_tree;
-				fp = (struct functnod*)(slp+1);
-				if(fp->functtyp==(TFUN|FAMP))
-					np->nvalue.rp->fname = fp->functnam;
-				nv_setsize(np,fp->functline);
-				nv_offattr(np,NV_FPOSIX);
-				if(shp->funload)
-				{
-					struct Ufunction *rp = np->nvalue.rp;
-					rp->np = np;
-					if(!shp->fpathdict)
-						shp->fpathdict = dtopen(&_Rpdisc,Dtbag);
-					if(shp->fpathdict)
-						dtinsert(shp->fpathdict,rp);
-				}
-			}
-			else
-				nv_unset(np);
-			if(type&FPOSIX)
-				nv_onattr(np,NV_FUNCTION|NV_FPOSIX);
-			else
-				nv_onattr(np,NV_FUNCTION);
-			if(type&FPIN)
-				nv_onattr(np,NV_FTMP);
-			if(type&FOPTGET)
-				nv_onattr(np,NV_OPTGET);
-			break;
-		    }
-
-		    /* new test compound command */
-		    case TTST:
-		    {
-			register int n;
-			register char *left;
-			int negate = (type&TNEGATE)!=0;
-			if(type&TTEST)
-				skipexitset++;
-			error_info.line = t->tst.tstline-shp->st.firstline;
-			echeck = 1;
-			if((type&TPAREN)==TPAREN)
-			{
-				sh_exec(t->lst.lstlef,OPTIMIZE);
-				n = !shp->exitval;
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				register int traceon=0;
-				register char *right;
-				register char *trap;
-				char *argv[6];
-				n = type>>TSHIFT;
-				left = sh_macpat(shp,&(t->lst.lstlef->arg),OPTIMIZE);
-				if(type&TBINARY)
-					right = sh_macpat(shp,&(t->lst.lstrit->arg),((n==TEST_PEQ||n==TEST_PNE)?ARG_EXP:0)|OPTIMIZE);
-				if(trap=shp->st.trap[SH_DEBUGTRAP])
-					argv[0] = (type&TNEGATE)?((char*)e_tstbegin):"[[";
-				if(sh_isoption(SH_XTRACE))
-				{
-					traceon = sh_trace(NIL(char**),0);
-					sfwrite(sfstderr,e_tstbegin,(type&TNEGATE?5:3));
-				}
-				if(type&TUNARY)
-				{
-					if(traceon)
-						sfprintf(sfstderr,"-%c %s",n,sh_fmtq(left));
-					if(trap)
-					{
-						char unop[3];
-						unop[0] = '-';
-						unop[1] = n;
-						unop[2] = 0;
-						argv[1] = unop;
-						argv[2] = left;
-						argv[3] = "]]";
-						argv[4] = 0;
-						sh_debug(shp,trap,(char*)0,(char*)0,argv, 0);
-					}
-					n = test_unop(n,left);
-				}
-				else if(type&TBINARY)
-				{
-					char *op;
-					int pattern = 0;
-					if(trap || traceon)
-						op = (char*)(shtab_testops+(n&037)-1)->sh_name;
-					type >>= TSHIFT;
-					if(type==TEST_PEQ || type==TEST_PNE)
-						pattern=ARG_EXP;
-					if(trap)
-					{
-						argv[1] = left;
-						argv[2] = op;
-						argv[3] = right;
-						argv[4] = "]]";
-						argv[5] = 0;
-						sh_debug(shp,trap,(char*)0,(char*)0,argv, pattern);
-					}
-					n = test_binop(n,left,right);
-					if(traceon)
-					{
-						sfprintf(sfstderr,"%s %s ",sh_fmtq(left),op);
-						if(pattern)
-							out_pattern(sfstderr,right,-1);
-						else
-							sfputr(sfstderr,sh_fmtq(right),-1);
-					}
-				}
-				if(traceon)
-					sfwrite(sfstderr,e_tstend,4);
-			}
-			shp->exitval = ((!n)^negate); 
-			if(!skipexitset)
-				exitset();
-			break;
-		    }
-		}
-		if(shp->trapnote || (shp->exitval && sh_isstate(SH_ERREXIT)) &&
-			t && echeck) 
-			sh_chktrap();
-		/* set $_ */
-		if(mainloop && com0)
-		{
-			/* store last argument here if it fits */
-			static char	lastarg[32];
-			if(sh_isstate(SH_FORKED))
-				sh_done(shp,0);
-			if(shp->lastarg!= lastarg && shp->lastarg)
-				free(shp->lastarg);
-			if(strlen(comn) < sizeof(lastarg))
-			{
-				nv_onattr(L_ARGNOD,NV_NOFREE);
-				shp->lastarg = strcpy(lastarg,comn);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				nv_offattr(L_ARGNOD,NV_NOFREE);
-				shp->lastarg = strdup(comn);
-			}
-		}
-		if(!skipexitset)
-			exitset();
-		if(!(OPTIMIZE))
-		{
-			if(sav != stkptr(stkp,0))
-				stkset(stkp,sav,0);
-			else if(stktell(stkp))
-				stkseek(stkp,0);
-		}
-		if(shp->trapnote&SH_SIGSET)
-			sh_exit(SH_EXITSIG|shp->lastsig);
-		if(was_interactive)
-			sh_onstate(SH_INTERACTIVE);
-		if(was_monitor && sh_isoption(SH_MONITOR))
-			sh_onstate(SH_MONITOR);
-		if(was_errexit)
-			sh_onstate(SH_ERREXIT);
-	}
-	return(shp->exitval);
-}
-
-int sh_run(int argn, char *argv[])
-{
-	register struct dolnod	*dp;
-	register struct comnod	*t = (struct comnod*)stakalloc(sizeof(struct comnod));
-	int			savtop = staktell();
-	char			*savptr = stakfreeze(0);
-	Opt_t			*op, *np = optctx(0, 0);
-	Shbltin_t		bltindata;
-	bltindata = sh.bltindata;
-	op = optctx(np, 0);
-	memset(t, 0, sizeof(struct comnod));
-	dp = (struct dolnod*)stakalloc((unsigned)sizeof(struct dolnod) + ARG_SPARE*sizeof(char*) + argn*sizeof(char*));
-	dp->dolnum = argn;
-	dp->dolbot = ARG_SPARE;
-	memcpy(dp->dolval+ARG_SPARE, argv, (argn+1)*sizeof(char*));
-	t->comarg = (struct argnod*)dp;
-	if(!strchr(argv[0],'/'))
-		t->comnamp = (void*)nv_bfsearch(argv[0],sh.fun_tree,(Namval_t**)&t->comnamq,(char**)0);
-	argn=sh_exec((Shnode_t*)t,sh_isstate(SH_ERREXIT));
-	optctx(op,np);
-	sh.bltindata = bltindata;
-	if(savptr!=stakptr(0))
-		stakset(savptr,savtop);
-	else
-		stakseek(savtop);
-	return(argn);
-}
-
-/*
- * test for equality with second argument trimmed
- * returns 1 if r == trim(s) otherwise 0
- */
-
-static int trim_eq(register const char *r,register const char *s)
-{
-	register char c;
-	while(c = *s++)
-	{
-		if(c=='\\')
-			c = *s++;
-		if(c && c != *r++)
-			return(0);
-	}
-	return(*r==0);
-}
-
-/*
- * print out the command line if set -x is on
- */
-
-int sh_trace(register char *argv[], register int nl)
-{
-	Shell_t	*shp = &sh;
-	register char *cp;
-	register int bracket = 0;
-	int decl = (nl&2);
-	nl &= ~2;
-	if(sh_isoption(SH_XTRACE))
-	{
-		/* make this trace atomic */
-		sfset(sfstderr,SF_SHARE|SF_PUBLIC,0);
-		if(!(cp=nv_getval(sh_scoped(shp,PS4NOD))))
-			cp = "+ ";
-		else
-		{
-			sh_offoption(SH_XTRACE);
-			cp = sh_mactry(shp,cp);
-			sh_onoption(SH_XTRACE);
-		}
-		if(*cp)
-			sfputr(sfstderr,cp,-1);
-		if(argv)
-		{
-			char *argv0 = *argv;
-			nl = (nl?'\n':-1);
-			/* don't quote [ and [[ */
-			if(*(cp=argv[0])=='[' && (!cp[1] || !cp[2]&&cp[1]=='['))  
-			{
-				sfputr(sfstderr,cp,*++argv?' ':nl);
-				bracket = 1;
-			}
-			while(cp = *argv++)
-			{
-				if(bracket==0 || *argv || *cp!=']')
-					cp = sh_fmtq(cp);
-				if(decl && shp->prefix && cp!=argv0 && *cp!='-')
-				{
-					if(*cp=='.' && cp[1]==0)
-						cp = shp->prefix;
-					else
-						sfputr(sfstderr,shp->prefix,'.');
-				}
-				sfputr(sfstderr,cp,*argv?' ':nl);
-			}
-			sfset(sfstderr,SF_SHARE|SF_PUBLIC,1);
-		}
-		return(1);
-	}
-	return(0);
-}
-
-/*
- * This routine creates a subshell by calling fork() or vfork()
- * If ((flags&COMASK)==TCOM), then vfork() is permitted
- * If fork fails, the shell sleeps for exponentially longer periods
- *   and tries again until a limit is reached.
- * SH_FORKLIM is the max period between forks - power of 2 usually.
- * Currently shell tries after 2,4,8,16, and 32 seconds and then quits
- * Failures cause the routine to error exit.
- * Parent links to here-documents are removed by the child
- * Traps are reset by the child
- * The process-id of the child is returned to the parent, 0 to the child.
- */
-
-static void timed_out(void *handle)
-{
-	NOT_USED(handle);
-	timeout = 0;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * called by parent and child after fork by sh_fork()
- */
-pid_t _sh_fork(register pid_t parent,int flags,int *jobid)
-{
-	static long forkcnt = 1000L;
-	Shell_t	*shp = &sh;
-	pid_t	curpgid = job.curpgid;
-	pid_t	postid = (flags&FAMP)?0:curpgid;
-	int	sig,nochild;
-	if(parent<0)
-	{
-		sh_sigcheck();
-		if((forkcnt *= 2) > 1000L*SH_FORKLIM)
-		{
-			forkcnt=1000L;
-			errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_system(ERROR_NOEXEC),e_nofork);
-		}
-		timeout = (void*)sh_timeradd(forkcnt, 0, timed_out, NIL(void*));
-		nochild = job_wait((pid_t)1);
-		if(timeout)
-		{
-			if(nochild)
-				pause();
-			else if(forkcnt>1000L)
-				forkcnt /= 2;
-			timerdel(timeout);
-			timeout = 0;
-		}
-		return(-1);
-	}
-	forkcnt = 1000L;
-	if(parent)
-	{
-		int myjob,waitall=job.waitall;
-		shp->nforks++;
-		if(job.toclear)
-			job_clear();
-		job.waitall = waitall;
-#ifdef JOBS
-		/* first process defines process group */
-		if(sh_isstate(SH_MONITOR))
-		{
-			/*
-			 * errno==EPERM means that an earlier processes
-			 * completed.  Make parent the job group id.
-			 */
-			if(postid==0)
-				job.curpgid = parent;
-			if(job.jobcontrol || (flags&FAMP))
-			{
-				if(setpgid(parent,job.curpgid)<0 && errno==EPERM)
-					setpgid(parent,parent);
-			}
-		}
-#endif /* JOBS */
-		if(!sh_isstate(SH_MONITOR) && job.waitall && postid==0)
-			job.curpgid = parent;
-		if(flags&FCOOP)
-			shp->cpid = parent;
-#ifdef SHOPT_BGX
-		if(!postid && (flags&(FAMP|FINT)) == (FAMP|FINT))
-			postid = 1;
-		myjob = job_post(parent,postid);
-		if(postid==1)
-			postid = 0;
-#else
-		myjob = job_post(parent,postid);
-#endif /* SHOPT_BGX */
-		if(flags&FAMP)
-			job.curpgid = curpgid;
-		if(jobid)
-			*jobid = myjob;
-		return(parent);
-	}
-#if !_std_malloc
-	vmtrace(-1);
-#endif
-	/* This is the child process */
-	if(shp->trapnote&SH_SIGTERM)
-		sh_exit(SH_EXITSIG|SIGTERM);
-	shp->nforks=0;
-	timerdel(NIL(void*));
-#ifdef JOBS
-	if(!job.jobcontrol && !(flags&FAMP))
-		sh_offstate(SH_MONITOR);
-	if(sh_isstate(SH_MONITOR))
-	{
-		parent = getpid();
-		if(postid==0)
-			job.curpgid = parent;
-		while(setpgid(0,job.curpgid)<0 && job.curpgid!=parent)
-			job.curpgid = parent;
-#   ifdef SIGTSTP
-		if(job.curpgid==parent &&  !(flags&FAMP))
-			tcsetpgrp(job.fd,job.curpgid);
-#   endif /* SIGTSTP */
-	}
-#   ifdef SIGTSTP
-	if(job.jobcontrol)
-	{
-		signal(SIGTTIN,SIG_DFL);
-		signal(SIGTTOU,SIG_DFL);
-		signal(SIGTSTP,SIG_DFL);
-	}
-#   endif /* SIGTSTP */
-	job.jobcontrol = 0;
-#endif /* JOBS */
-	job.toclear = 1;
-	shp->login_sh = 0;
-	sh_offoption(SH_LOGIN_SHELL);
-	sh_onstate(SH_FORKED);
-	sh_onstate(SH_NOLOG);
-	if (shp->fn_reset)
-		shp->fn_depth = shp->fn_reset = 0;
-#if SHOPT_ACCT
-	sh_accsusp();
-#endif	/* SHOPT_ACCT */
-	/* Reset remaining signals to parent */
-	/* except for those `lost' by trap   */
-	if(!(flags&FSHOWME))
-		sh_sigreset(2);
-	shp->subshell = 0;
-	if((flags&FAMP) && shp->coutpipe>1)
-		sh_close(shp->coutpipe);
-	sig = shp->savesig;
-	shp->savesig = 0;
-	if(sig>0)
-		sh_fault(sig);
-	sh_sigcheck();
-	return(0);
-}
-
-pid_t sh_fork(int flags, int *jobid)
-{
-	register pid_t parent;
-	register int sig;
-#if SHOPT_FASTPIPE
-	if(sffileno(sfstdin)<0)
-	{
-		off_t current = sfseek(sfstdin,(off_t)0,SEEK_CUR);
-		sfseek(sfstdin,(off_t)0,SEEK_END);
-		sfdisc(sfstdin,SF_POPDISC);
-		fcntl(sffileno(sfstdin),F_SETFD,0);
-		sh_iostream(0);
-		sfseek(sfstdin,current,SEEK_SET);
-	}
-#endif /* SHOPT_FASTPIPE */
-	if(!sh.pathlist)
-		path_get("");
-	sfsync(NIL(Sfio_t*));
-	sh.trapnote &= ~SH_SIGTERM;
-	job_fork(-1);
-	sh.savesig = -1;
-	while(_sh_fork(parent=fork(),flags,jobid) < 0);
-	sh_stats(STAT_FORKS);
-	sig = sh.savesig;
-	sh.savesig = 0;
-	if(sig>0)
-		sh_fault(sig);
-	job_fork(parent);
-	return(parent);
-}
-
-/*
- * add exports from previous scope to the new scope
- */
-static void  local_exports(register Namval_t *np, void *data)
-{
-	register Namval_t	*mp;
-	register char		*cp;
-	if(nv_isarray(np))
-		nv_putsub(np,NIL(char*),0);
-	if((cp = nv_getval(np)) && (mp = nv_search(nv_name(np), sh.var_tree, NV_ADD|HASH_NOSCOPE)) && nv_isnull(mp))
-		nv_putval(mp, cp, 0);
-}
-
-/*
- * This routine is used to execute the given function <fun> in a new scope
- * If <fun> is NULL, then arg points to a structure containing a pointer
- *  to a function that will be executed in the current environment.
- */
-int sh_funscope(int argn, char *argv[],int(*fun)(void*),void *arg,int execflg)
-{
-	register char		*trap;
-	register int		nsig;
-	register Shell_t	*shp =  &sh;
-	struct dolnod		*argsav=0,*saveargfor;
-	struct sh_scoped	savst, *prevscope = shp->st.self;
-	struct argnod		*envlist=0;
-	int			jmpval;
-	volatile int		r = 0;
-	char 			*savstak;
-	struct funenv		*fp;
-	struct checkpt		buff;
-	Namval_t		*nspace = shp->namespace;
-	Dt_t			*last_root = shp->last_root;
-	Shopt_t			options = shp->options;
-	if(shp->fn_depth==0)
-		shp->glob_options =  shp->options;
-	else
-		shp->options = shp->glob_options;
-#if 0
-	shp->st.lineno = error_info.line;
-#endif
-	*prevscope = shp->st;
-	sh_offoption(SH_ERREXIT);
-	shp->st.prevst = prevscope;
-	shp->st.self = &savst;
-	shp->topscope = (Shscope_t*)shp->st.self;
-	shp->st.opterror = shp->st.optchar = 0;
-	shp->st.optindex = 1;
-	shp->st.loopcnt = 0;
-	if(!fun)
-	{
-		fp = (struct funenv*)arg;
-		shp->st.real_fun = (fp->node)->nvalue.rp;
-		envlist = fp->env;
-	}
-	prevscope->save_tree = shp->var_tree;
-	sh_scope(shp,envlist,1);
-	if(dtvnext(prevscope->save_tree)!= (shp->namespace?shp->var_base:0))
-	{
-		/* eliminate parent scope */
-		nv_scan(prevscope->save_tree, local_exports,(void*)0, NV_EXPORT, NV_EXPORT|NV_NOSCOPE);
-	}
-	shp->st.save_tree = shp->var_tree;
-	if(!fun)
-	{
-		Namval_t *np;
-		if(nv_isattr(fp->node,NV_TAGGED))
-			sh_onoption(SH_XTRACE);
-		else
-			sh_offoption(SH_XTRACE);
-#if SHOPT_NAMESPACE
-		if((np=(fp->node)->nvalue.rp->nspace) && np!=shp->namespace)
-		{
-			Dt_t *dt = shp->var_tree;
-			dtview(dt,0);
-			dtview(dt,nv_dict(np));
-			shp->var_tree = nv_dict(np);
-			shp->namespace = np;
-		}
-#endif /* SHOPT_NAMESPACE */
-	}
-	shp->st.cmdname = argv[0];
-	/* save trap table */
-	if((nsig=shp->st.trapmax*sizeof(char*))>0 || shp->st.trapcom[0])
-	{
-		nsig += sizeof(char*);
-		memcpy(savstak=stakalloc(nsig),(char*)&shp->st.trapcom[0],nsig);
-	}
-	sh_sigreset(0);
-	argsav = sh_argnew(shp,argv,&saveargfor);
-	sh_pushcontext(&buff,SH_JMPFUN);
-	errorpush(&buff.err,0);
-	error_info.id = argv[0];
-	shp->st.var_local = shp->var_tree;
-	jmpval = sigsetjmp(buff.buff,0);
-	if(!fun)
-	{
-		shp->st.filename = fp->node->nvalue.rp->fname;
-		shp->st.funname = nv_name(fp->node);
-		nv_putval(SH_PATHNAMENOD,shp->st.filename,NV_NOFREE);
-		nv_putval(SH_FUNNAMENOD,shp->st.funname,NV_NOFREE);
-	}
-	if(jmpval == 0)
-	{
-		if(shp->fn_depth++ > MAXDEPTH)
-		{
-			shp->toomany = 1;
-			siglongjmp(*shp->jmplist,SH_JMPERRFN);
-		}
-		else if(fun)
-			r= (*fun)(arg);
-		else
-		{
-			sh_exec((Shnode_t*)(nv_funtree((fp->node))),execflg|SH_ERREXIT);
-			r = shp->exitval;
-		}
-	}
-	if(--shp->fn_depth==1 && jmpval==SH_JMPERRFN)
-		errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(1),e_toodeep,argv[0]);
-	sh_popcontext(&buff);
-	if (shp->st.self != &savst)
-		shp->var_tree = (Dt_t*)savst.save_tree;
-	sh_unscope(shp);
-	shp->namespace = nspace;
-	shp->var_tree = (Dt_t*)prevscope->save_tree;
-	if(shp->topscope != (Shscope_t*)shp->st.self)
-		sh_setscope(shp->topscope);
-	sh_argreset(shp,argsav,saveargfor);
-	trap = shp->st.trapcom[0];
-	shp->st.trapcom[0] = 0;
-	sh_sigreset(1);
-	if (shp->st.self != &savst)
-		*shp->st.self = shp->st;
-	shp->st = *prevscope;
-	shp->topscope = (Shscope_t*)prevscope;
-	nv_getval(sh_scoped(shp,IFSNOD));
-	if(nsig)
-		memcpy((char*)&shp->st.trapcom[0],savstak,nsig);
-	shp->trapnote=0;
-	if(nsig)
-		stakset(savstak,0);
-	shp->options = options;
-	shp->last_root = last_root;
-	if(jmpval == SH_JMPSUB)
-		siglongjmp(*shp->jmplist,jmpval);
-	if(trap)
-	{
-		sh_trap(trap,0);
-		free(trap);
-	}
-	if(shp->exitval > SH_EXITSIG)
-		sh_fault(shp->exitval&SH_EXITMASK);
-	if(jmpval > SH_JMPFUN)
-	{
-		sh_chktrap();
-		siglongjmp(*shp->jmplist,jmpval);
-	}
-	return(r);
-}
-
-static void sh_funct(Shell_t *shp,Namval_t *np,int argn, char *argv[],struct argnod *envlist,int execflg)
-{
-	struct funenv fun;
-	char *fname = nv_getval(SH_FUNNAMENOD);
-	struct Level	*lp =(struct Level*)(SH_LEVELNOD->nvfun);
-	int		level, pipepid=shp->pipepid;
-	shp->pipepid = 0;
-	sh_stats(STAT_FUNCT);
-	if(!lp->hdr.disc)
-		lp = init_level(0);
-	if((struct sh_scoped*)shp->topscope != shp->st.self)
-		sh_setscope(shp->topscope);
-	level = lp->maxlevel = shp->dot_depth + shp->fn_depth+1;
-	SH_LEVELNOD->nvalue.s = lp->maxlevel;
-	shp->st.lineno = error_info.line;
-	if(nv_isattr(np,NV_FPOSIX))
-	{
-		char *save;
-		int loopcnt = shp->st.loopcnt;
-		shp->posix_fun = np;
-		save = argv[-1];
-		argv[-1] = 0;
-		shp->st.funname = nv_name(np);
-		nv_putval(SH_FUNNAMENOD, nv_name(np),NV_NOFREE);
-		opt_info.index = opt_info.offset = 0;
-		error_info.errors = 0;
-		shp->st.loopcnt = 0;
-		b_dot_cmd(argn+1,argv-1,&shp->bltindata);
-		shp->st.loopcnt = loopcnt;
-		argv[-1] = save;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		fun.env = envlist;
-		fun.node = np;
-		sh_funscope(argn,argv,0,&fun,execflg);
-	}
-	if(level-- != nv_getnum(SH_LEVELNOD))
-	{
-		Shscope_t *sp = sh_getscope(0,SEEK_END);
-		sh_setscope(sp);
-	}
-	lp->maxlevel = level;
-	SH_LEVELNOD->nvalue.s = lp->maxlevel;
-#if 0
-	nv_putval(SH_FUNNAMENOD,shp->st.funname,NV_NOFREE);
-#else
-	nv_putval(SH_FUNNAMENOD,fname,NV_NOFREE);
-#endif
-	nv_putval(SH_PATHNAMENOD,shp->st.filename,NV_NOFREE);
-	shp->pipepid = pipepid;
-}
-
-/*
- * external interface to execute a function without arguments
- * <np> is the function node
- * If <nq> is not-null, then sh.name and sh.subscript will be set
- */
-int sh_fun(Namval_t *np, Namval_t *nq, char *argv[])
-{
-	Shell_t		*shp = &sh;
-	register int offset;
-	register char *base;
-	Namval_t node;
-	struct Namref	nr;
-	long		mode;
-	char		*prefix = shp->prefix;
-	int n=0;
-	char *av[2];
-	Fcin_t save;
-	fcsave(&save);
-	if((offset=staktell())>0)
-		base=stakfreeze(0);
-	shp->prefix = 0;
-	if(!argv)
-	{
-		argv = av;
-		argv[1]=0;
-	}
-	argv[0] = nv_name(np);
-	while(argv[n])
-		n++;
-	if(nq)
-		mode = set_instance(shp,nq,&node, &nr);
-	if(is_abuiltin(np))
-	{
-		int jmpval;
-		struct checkpt buff;
-		Shbltin_t *bp = &sh.bltindata;
-		sh_pushcontext(&buff,SH_JMPCMD);
-		jmpval = sigsetjmp(buff.buff,1);
-		if(jmpval == 0)
-		{
-			bp->bnode = np;
-			bp->ptr = nv_context(np);
-			errorpush(&buff.err,0);
-			error_info.id = argv[0];
-			opt_info.index = opt_info.offset = 0;
-			opt_info.disc = 0;
-			sh.exitval = 0;
-			sh.exitval = (*funptr(np))(n,argv,(void*)bp);
-		}
-		sh_popcontext(&buff);
-		if(jmpval>SH_JMPCMD)
-			siglongjmp(*sh.jmplist,jmpval);
-	}
-	else
-		sh_funct(shp,np,n,argv,(struct argnod*)0,sh_isstate(SH_ERREXIT));
-	if(nq)
-		unset_instance(nq, &node, &nr, mode);
-	fcrestore(&save);
-	if(offset>0)
-		stakset(base,offset);
-	shp->prefix = prefix;
-	return(sh.exitval);
-}
-
-/*
- * This dummy routine is called by built-ins that do recursion
- * on the file system (chmod, chgrp, chown).  It causes
- * the shell to invoke the non-builtin version in this case
- */
-int cmdrecurse(int argc, char* argv[], int ac, char* av[])
-{
-	NOT_USED(argc);
-	NOT_USED(argv[0]);
-	NOT_USED(ac);
-	NOT_USED(av[0]);
-	return(SH_RUNPROG);
-}
-
-/*
- * set up pipe for cooperating process 
- */
-static void coproc_init(Shell_t *shp, int pipes[])
-{
-	int outfd;
-	if(shp->coutpipe>=0 && shp->cpid)
-		errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(1),e_pexists);
-	shp->cpid = 0;
-	if(shp->cpipe[0]<=0 || shp->cpipe[1]<=0)
-	{
-		/* first co-process */
-		sh_pclose(shp->cpipe);
-		sh_pipe(shp->cpipe);
-		if((outfd=shp->cpipe[1]) < 10) 
-		{
-		        int fd=fcntl(shp->cpipe[1],F_DUPFD,10);
-			if(fd>=10)
-			{
-			        shp->fdstatus[fd] = (shp->fdstatus[outfd]&~IOCLEX);
-				close(outfd);
-			        shp->fdstatus[outfd] = IOCLOSE;
-				shp->cpipe[1] = fd;
-			}
-		}
-		if(fcntl(*shp->cpipe,F_SETFD,FD_CLOEXEC)>=0)
-			shp->fdstatus[shp->cpipe[0]] |= IOCLEX;
-		shp->fdptrs[shp->cpipe[0]] = shp->cpipe;
-			
-		if(fcntl(shp->cpipe[1],F_SETFD,FD_CLOEXEC) >=0)
-			shp->fdstatus[shp->cpipe[1]] |= IOCLEX;
-	}
-	shp->outpipe = shp->cpipe;
-	sh_pipe(shp->inpipe=pipes);
-	shp->coutpipe = shp->inpipe[1];
-	shp->fdptrs[shp->coutpipe] = &shp->coutpipe;
-	if(fcntl(shp->outpipe[0],F_SETFD,FD_CLOEXEC)>=0)
-		shp->fdstatus[shp->outpipe[0]] |= IOCLEX;
-}
-
-#if SHOPT_SPAWN
-
-
-#if SHOPT_AMP || !defined(_lib_fork)
-/*
- * print out function definition
- */
-static void print_fun(register Namval_t* np, void *data)
-{
-	register char *format;
-	NOT_USED(data);
-	if(!is_afunction(np) || !np->nvalue.ip)
-		return;
-	if(nv_isattr(np,NV_FPOSIX))
-		format="%s()\n{ ";
-	else
-		format="function %s\n{ ";
-	sfprintf(sfstdout,format,nv_name(np));
-	sh_deparse(sfstdout,(Shnode_t*)(nv_funtree(np)),0);
-	sfwrite(sfstdout,"}\n",2);
-}
-
-/*
- * create a shell script consisting of t->fork.forktre and execute it
- */
-static int run_subshell(const Shnode_t *t,pid_t grp)
-{
-	static const char prolog[] = "(print $(typeset +A);set; typeset -p; print .sh.dollar=$$;set +o)";
-	register int i, fd, trace = sh_isoption(SH_XTRACE);
-	int pin,pout;
-	pid_t pid;
-	char *arglist[2], *envlist[2], devfd[12], *cp;
-	Sfio_t *sp = sftmp(0);
-	envlist[0] = "_=" SH_ID;
-	envlist[1] = 0;
-	arglist[0] = error_info.id?error_info.id:sh.shname;
-	if(*arglist[0]=='-')
-		arglist[0]++;
-	arglist[1] = devfd;
-	strncpy(devfd,e_devfdNN,sizeof(devfd));
-	arglist[2] = 0;
-	sfstack(sfstdout,sp);
-	if(trace)
-		sh_offoption(SH_XTRACE);
-	sfwrite(sfstdout,"typeset -A -- ",14);
-	sh_trap(prolog,0);
-	nv_scan(sh.fun_tree, print_fun, (void*)0,0, 0);
-	if(sh.st.dolc>0)
-	{
-		/* pass the positional parameters */
-		char **argv = sh.st.dolv+1;
-		sfwrite(sfstdout,"set --",6);
-		while(*argv)
-			sfprintf(sfstdout," %s",sh_fmtq(*argv++));
-		sfputc(sfstdout,'\n');
-	}
-	pin = (sh.inpipe?sh.inpipe[1]:0);
-	pout = (sh.outpipe?sh.outpipe[0]:0);
-	for(i=3; i < 10; i++)
-	{
-		if(sh.fdstatus[i]&IOCLEX && i!=pin && i!=pout)
-		{
-			sfprintf(sfstdout,"exec %d<&%d\n",i,i);
-			fcntl(i,F_SETFD,0);
-		}
-	}
-	sfprintf(sfstdout,"LINENO=%d\n",t->fork.forkline);
-	if(trace)
-	{
-		sfwrite(sfstdout,"set -x\n",7);
-		sh_onoption(SH_XTRACE);
-	}
-	sfstack(sfstdout,NIL(Sfio_t*));
-	sh_deparse(sp,t->fork.forktre,0);
-	sfseek(sp,(Sfoff_t)0,SEEK_SET);
-	fd = sh_dup(sffileno(sp));
-	cp = devfd+8;
-	if(fd>9)
-		*cp++ = '0' + (fd/10);
-	*cp++ = '0' + fd%10;
-	*cp = 0;
-	sfclose(sp);
-	sfsync(NIL(Sfio_t*));
-	if(!sh.shpath)
-		sh.shpath = pathshell();
-	pid = spawnveg(sh.shpath,arglist,envlist,grp);
-	close(fd);
-	for(i=3; i < 10; i++)
-	{
-		if(sh.fdstatus[i]&IOCLEX && i!=pin && i!=pout)
-			fcntl(i,F_SETFD,FD_CLOEXEC);
-	}
-	if(pid <=0)
-		errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_system(ERROR_NOEXEC),e_exec,arglist[0]);
-	return(pid);
-}
-#endif /* !_lib_fork */
-
-static void sigreset(int mode)
-{
-	register char   *trap;
-	register int sig=sh.st.trapmax;
-	while(sig-- > 0)
-	{
-		if((trap=sh.st.trapcom[sig]) && *trap==0)
-			signal(sig,mode?sh_fault:SIG_IGN);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * A combined fork/exec for systems with slow or non-existent fork()
- */
-static pid_t sh_ntfork(Shell_t *shp,const Shnode_t *t,char *argv[],int *jobid,int flag)
-{
-	static pid_t	spawnpid;
-	static int	savetype;
-	static int	savejobid __unused;
-	struct checkpt	buff;
-	int		otype=0, jmpval;
-	volatile int	jobwasset=0, scope=0, sigwasset=0;
-	char		**arge, *path;
-	volatile pid_t	grp = 0;
-	Pathcomp_t	*pp;
-	if(flag)
-	{
-		otype = savetype;
-		savetype=0;
-	}
-#   if SHOPT_AMP || !defined(_lib_fork)
-	if(!argv)
-	{
-		register Shnode_t *tchild = t->fork.forktre;
-		int optimize=0;
-		otype = t->tre.tretyp;
-		savetype = otype;
-		spawnpid = 0;
-#	ifndef _lib_fork
-		if((tchild->tre.tretyp&COMMSK)==TCOM)
-		{
-			Namval_t *np = (Namval_t*)(tchild->com.comnamp);
-			if(np)
-			{
-				path = nv_name(np);
-				if(!nv_isattr(np,BLT_ENV))
-					np=0;
-				else if(strcmp(path,"echo")==0 || memcmp(path,"print",5)==0)
-					np=0;
-			}
-			else if(!tchild->com.comarg)
-				optimize=1;
-			else if(tchild->com.comtyp&COMSCAN)
-			{
-				if(tchild->com.comarg->argflag&ARG_RAW)
-					path = tchild->com.comarg->argval;
-				else
-					path = 0;
-			}
-			else
-				path = ((struct dolnod*)tchild->com.comarg)->dolval[ARG_SPARE];
-			if(!np && path && !nv_search(path,shp->fun_tree,0))
-				optimize=1;
-		}
-#	endif
-		sh_pushcontext(&buff,SH_JMPIO);
-		jmpval = sigsetjmp(buff.buff,0);
-		{
-			if((otype&FINT) && !sh_isstate(SH_MONITOR))
-			{
-				signal(SIGQUIT,SIG_IGN);
-				signal(SIGINT,SIG_IGN);
-				if(!shp->st.ioset)
-				{
-					sh_iosave(shp,0,buff.topfd,(char*)0);
-					sh_iorenumber(shp,sh_chkopen(e_devnull),0);
-				}
-			}
-			if(otype&FPIN)
-			{
-				int fd = shp->inpipe[1];
-				sh_iosave(shp,0,buff.topfd,(char*)0);
-				sh_iorenumber(shp,shp->inpipe[0],0);
-				if(fd>=0 && (!(otype&FPOU) || (otype&FCOOP)) && fcntl(fd,F_SETFD,FD_CLOEXEC)>=0)
-					shp->fdstatus[fd] |= IOCLEX;
-			}
-			if(otype&FPOU)
-			{
-				sh_iosave(shp,1,buff.topfd,(char*)0);
-				sh_iorenumber(shp,sh_dup(shp->outpipe[1]),1);
-				if(fcntl(shp->outpipe[0],F_SETFD,FD_CLOEXEC)>=0)
-					shp->fdstatus[shp->outpipe[0]] |= IOCLEX;
-			}
-	
-			if(t->fork.forkio)
-				sh_redirect(shp,t->fork.forkio,0);
-			if(optimize==0)
-			{
-#ifdef SIGTSTP
-				if(job.jobcontrol)
-				{
-					signal(SIGTTIN,SIG_DFL);
-					signal(SIGTTOU,SIG_DFL);
-				}
-#endif /* SIGTSTP */
-#ifdef JOBS
-				if(sh_isstate(SH_MONITOR) && (job.jobcontrol || (otype&FAMP)))
-				{
-					if((otype&FAMP) || job.curpgid==0)
-						grp = 1;
-					else
-						grp = job.curpgid;
-				}
-#endif /* JOBS */
-				spawnpid = run_subshell(t,grp);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				sh_exec(tchild,SH_NTFORK);
-				if(jobid)
-					*jobid = savejobid;
-			}
-		}
-		sh_popcontext(&buff);
-		if((otype&FINT) && !sh_isstate(SH_MONITOR))
-		{
-			signal(SIGQUIT,sh_fault);
-			signal(SIGINT,sh_fault);
-		}
-		if((otype&FPIN) && (!(otype&FPOU) || (otype&FCOOP)) && fcntl(shp->inpipe[1],F_SETFD,FD_CLOEXEC)>=0)
-			shp->fdstatus[shp->inpipe[1]] &= ~IOCLEX;
-		if(t->fork.forkio || otype)
-			sh_iorestore(shp,buff.topfd,jmpval);
-		if(optimize==0)
-		{
-#ifdef SIGTSTP
-			if(job.jobcontrol)
-			{
-				signal(SIGTTIN,SIG_IGN);
-				signal(SIGTTOU,SIG_IGN);
-			}
-#endif /* SIGTSTP */
-			if(spawnpid>0)
-				_sh_fork(spawnpid,otype,jobid);
-			if(grp>0 && !(otype&FAMP))
-			{
-				while(tcsetpgrp(job.fd,job.curpgid)<0 && job.curpgid!=spawnpid)
-					job.curpgid = spawnpid;
-			}
-		}
-		savetype=0;
-		if(jmpval>SH_JMPIO)
-			siglongjmp(*shp->jmplist,jmpval);
-		if(spawnpid<0 && (otype&FCOOP))
-		{
-			sh_close(shp->coutpipe);
-			sh_close(shp->cpipe[1]);
-			shp->cpipe[1] = -1;
-			shp->coutpipe = -1;
-		}
-		shp->exitval = 0;
-		return(spawnpid);
-	}
-#   endif /* !_lib_fork */
-	sh_pushcontext(&buff,SH_JMPCMD);
-	errorpush(&buff.err,ERROR_SILENT);
-	jmpval = sigsetjmp(buff.buff,0);
-	if(jmpval == 0)
-	{
-		if((otype&FINT) && !sh_isstate(SH_MONITOR))
-		{
-			signal(SIGQUIT,SIG_IGN);
-			signal(SIGINT,SIG_IGN);
-		}
-		spawnpid = -1;
-		if(t->com.comio)
-			sh_redirect(shp,t->com.comio,0);
-		error_info.id = *argv;
-		if(t->com.comset)
-		{
-			scope++;
-			sh_scope(shp,t->com.comset,0);
-		}
-		if(!strchr(path=argv[0],'/')) 
-		{
-			Namval_t *np;
-			if((np=nv_search(path,shp->track_tree,0)) && !nv_isattr(np,NV_NOALIAS) && np->nvalue.cp)
-				path = nv_getval(np);
-			else if(path_absolute(path,NIL(Pathcomp_t*)))
-			{
-			path = stkptr(shp->stk,PATH_OFFSET);
-			stkfreeze(shp->stk,0);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			pp=path_get(path);
-			while(pp)
-			{
-				if(pp->len==1 && *pp->name=='.')
-					break;
-				pp = pp->next;
-			}
-			if(!pp)
-				path = 0;
-		}
-	}
-	else if(sh_isoption(SH_RESTRICTED))
-		errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(1),e_restricted,path);
-	if(!path)
-	{
-		spawnpid = -1;
-		goto fail;
-	}
-	arge = sh_envgen();
-	shp->exitval = 0;
-#ifdef SIGTSTP
-		if(job.jobcontrol)
-		{
-			signal(SIGTTIN,SIG_DFL);
-			signal(SIGTTOU,SIG_DFL);
-			jobwasset++;
-		}
-#endif /* SIGTSTP */
-#ifdef JOBS
-		if(sh_isstate(SH_MONITOR) && (job.jobcontrol || (otype&FAMP)))
-		{
-			if((otype&FAMP) || job.curpgid==0)
-				grp = 1;
-			else
-				grp = job.curpgid;
-		}
-#endif /* JOBS */
-
-		sfsync(NIL(Sfio_t*));
-		sigreset(0);	/* set signals to ignore */
-		sigwasset++;
-	        /* find first path that has a library component */
-		for(pp=path_get(argv[0]); pp && !pp->lib ; pp=pp->next);
-		spawnpid = path_spawn(path,argv,arge,pp,(grp<<1)|1);
-		if(spawnpid < 0 && errno==ENOEXEC)
-		{
-			char *devfd;
-			int fd = open(path,O_RDONLY);
-			argv[-1] = argv[0];
-			argv[0] = path;
-			if(fd>=0)
-			{
-				struct stat statb;
-				sfprintf(sh.strbuf,"/dev/fd/%d",fd);
-				if(stat(devfd=sfstruse(sh.strbuf),&statb)>=0)
-					argv[0] =  devfd;
-			}
-			if(!shp->shpath)
-				shp->shpath = pathshell();
-			spawnpid = path_spawn(shp->shpath,&argv[-1],arge,pp,(grp<<1)|1);
-			if(fd>=0)
-				close(fd);
-			argv[0] = argv[-1];
-		}
-	fail:
-		if(spawnpid < 0) switch(errno=shp->path_err)
-		{
-		    case ENOENT:
-			errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_system(ERROR_NOENT),e_found+4);
-			/* FALLTHROUGH */
-		    default:
-			errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_system(ERROR_NOEXEC),e_exec+4);
-		}
-	}
-	else
-		exitset();
-	sh_popcontext(&buff);
-	if(buff.olist)
-		free_list(buff.olist);
-#ifdef SIGTSTP
-	if(jobwasset)
-	{
-		signal(SIGTTIN,SIG_IGN);
-		signal(SIGTTOU,SIG_IGN);
-	}
-#endif /* SIGTSTP */
-	if(sigwasset)
-		sigreset(1);	/* restore ignored signals */
-	if(scope)
-	{
-		sh_unscope(shp);
-		if(jmpval==SH_JMPSCRIPT)
-			nv_setlist(t->com.comset,NV_EXPORT|NV_IDENT|NV_ASSIGN,0);
-	}
-	if(t->com.comio)
-		sh_iorestore(shp,buff.topfd,jmpval);
-	if(jmpval>SH_JMPCMD)
-		siglongjmp(*shp->jmplist,jmpval);
-	if(spawnpid>0)
-	{
-		_sh_fork(spawnpid,otype,jobid);
-#ifdef JOBS
-		if(grp==1)
-			job.curpgid = spawnpid;
-#   ifdef SIGTSTP
-		if(grp>0 && !(otype&FAMP))
-		{
-			while(tcsetpgrp(job.fd,job.curpgid)<0 && job.curpgid!=spawnpid)
-				job.curpgid = spawnpid;
-		}
-#   endif /* SIGTSTP */
-#endif /* JOBS */
-		savejobid = *jobid;
-		if(otype)
-			return(0);
-	}
-	return(spawnpid);
-}
-
-#   ifdef _was_lib_fork
-#	define _lib_fork	1
-#   endif
-#   ifndef _lib_fork
-	pid_t fork(void)
-	{
-		errormsg(SH_DICT,ERROR_exit(3),e_notimp,"fork");
-		return(-1);
-	}
-#   endif /* _lib_fork */
-#endif /* SHOPT_SPAWN */