diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'usr/src/man/man4/proc.4')
| -rw-r--r-- | usr/src/man/man4/proc.4 | 3212 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 3212 deletions
diff --git a/usr/src/man/man4/proc.4 b/usr/src/man/man4/proc.4 deleted file mode 100644 index 53714657e5..0000000000 --- a/usr/src/man/man4/proc.4 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3212 +0,0 @@ -.\" Copyright 1989 AT&T -.\" Copyright (c) 2006, Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -.\" Copyright 2019, Joyent, Inc. -.\" Copyright 2020 OmniOS Community Edition (OmniOSce) Association. -.\" -.\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the -.\" Common Development and Distribution License (the "License"). -.\" You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. -.\" -.\" You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE -.\" or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing. -.\" See the License for the specific language governing permissions -.\" and limitations under the License. -.\" -.\" When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each -.\" file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE. -.\" If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the -.\" fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying -.\" information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] -.\" -.Dd May 17, 2020 -.Dt PROC 4 -.Os -.Sh NAME -.Nm proc -.Nd /proc, the process file system -.Sh DESCRIPTION -.Pa /proc -is a file system that provides access to the state of each process -and light-weight process (lwp) in the system. -The name of each entry in the -.Pa /proc -directory is a decimal number corresponding to a process-ID. -These entries are themselves subdirectories. -Access to process state is provided by additional files contained within each -subdirectory; the hierarchy is described more completely below. -In this document, -.Dq Pa /proc file -refers to a non-directory file within the hierarchy rooted at -.Pa /proc . -The owner of each -.Pa /proc -file and subdirectory is determined by the user-ID of the process. -.Pp -.Pa /proc -can be mounted on any mount point, in addition to the standard -.Pa /proc -mount point, and can be mounted several places at once. -Such additional mounts are allowed in order to facilitate the confinement of -processes to subtrees of the file system via -.Xr chroot 2 -and yet allow such processes access to commands like -.Xr ps 1 . -.Pp -Standard system calls are used to access -.Pa /proc -files: -.Xr open 2 , -.Xr close 2 , -.Xr read 2 , -and -.Xr write 2 -(including -.Xr readv 2 , -.Xr writev 2 , -.Xr pread 2 , -and -.Xr pwrite 2 ) . -Most files describe process state and can only be opened for reading. -.Pa ctl -and -.Pa lwpctl -(control) files permit manipulation of process state and can only be opened for -writing. -.Pa as -(address space) files contain the image of the running process and can be -opened for both reading and writing. -An open for writing allows process control; a read-only open allows inspection -but not control. -In this document, we refer to the process as open for reading or writing if -any of its associated -.Pa /proc -files is open for reading or writing. -.Pp -In general, more than one process can open the same -.Pa /proc -file at the same time. \fIExclusive\fR \fIopen\fR is an advisory mechanism provided to -allow controlling processes to avoid collisions with each other. -A process can obtain exclusive control of a target process, with respect to -other cooperating processes, if it successfully opens any -.Pa /proc -file in the target process for writing (the -.Pa as -or -.Pa ctl -files, or the -.Pa lwpctl -file of any lwp) while specifying -.Sy O_EXCL -in the -.Xr open 2 . -Such an open will fail if the target process is already open for writing (that -is, if an -.Pa as , -.Pa ctl , -or -.Pa lwpctl -file is already open for writing). -There can be any number of concurrent read-only opens; -.Sy O_EXCL -is ignored on opens for reading. -It is recommended that the first open for writing by a controlling -process use the -.Sy O_EXCL -flag; multiple controlling processes usually result in chaos. -.Pp -If a process opens one of its own -.Pa /proc -files for writing, the open -succeeds regardless of -.Sy O_EXCL -and regardless of whether some other process has the process open for writing. -Self-opens do not count when another process attempts an exclusive open. -(A process cannot exclude a debugger by opening itself for writing and the -application of a debugger cannot prevent a process from opening itself.) -All self-opens for writing are forced to be close-on-exec (see the -.Sy F_SETFD -operation of -.Xr fcntl 2 ) . -.Pp -Data may be transferred from or to any locations in the address space of the -traced process by applying -.Xr lseek 2 -to position the -.Pa as -file at the virtual address of interest followed by -.Xr read 2 -or -.Xr write 2 -(or by using -.Xr pread 2 -or -.Xr pwrite 2 -for the combined operation). -The address-map files -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /map -and -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /xmap -can be read to determine the accessible areas (mappings) of the address space. -.Sy I/O -transfers may span contiguous mappings. -An -.Sy I/O -request extending into an unmapped area is truncated at the boundary. -A write request beginning at an unmapped virtual address fails with -.Er EIO ; -a read request beginning at an unmapped virtual address returns zero (an -end-of-file indication). -.Pp -Information and control operations are provided through additional files. -.In procfs.h -contains definitions of data structures and message formats -used with these files. -Some of these definitions involve the use of sets of flags. -The set types -.Sy sigset_t , -.Sy fltset_t , -and -.Sy sysset_t -correspond, respectively, to signal, fault, and system call enumerations -defined in -.In sys/signal.h , -.In sys/fault.h , -and -.In sys/syscall.h . -Each set type is large enough to hold flags for its own enumeration. -Although they are of different sizes, they have a common -structure and can be manipulated by these macros: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -prfillset(&set); /* turn on all flags in set */ -premptyset(&set); /* turn off all flags in set */ -praddset(&set, flag); /* turn on the specified flag */ -prdelset(&set, flag); /* turn off the specified flag */ -r = prismember(&set, flag); /* != 0 iff flag is turned on */ -.Ed -.Pp -One of -.Fn prfillset -or -.Fn premptyset -must be used to initialize -.Fa set -before it is used in any other operation. -.Fa flag -must be a member of the enumeration corresponding to -.Fa set . -.Pp -Every process contains at least one -.Em light-weight process , -or -.Sy lwp . -Each lwp represents a flow of execution that is independently scheduled by the -operating system. -All lwps in a process share its address space as well as many other attributes. -Through the use of -.Pa lwpctl -and -.Pa ctl -files as described below, it is possible to affect individual lwps in a -process or to affect all of them at once, depending on the operation. -.Pp -When the process has more than one lwp, a representative lwp is chosen by the -system for certain process status files and control operations. -The representative lwp is a stopped lwp only if all of the process's lwps are -stopped; is stopped on an event of interest only if all of the lwps are so -stopped (excluding -.Sy PR_SUSPENDED -lwps); is in a -.Sy PR_REQUESTED -stop only if there are no other events of interest to be found; or, failing -everything else, is in a -.Sy PR_SUSPENDED -stop (implying that the process is deadlocked). -See the description of the -.Pa status -file for definitions of stopped states. -See the -.Sy PCSTOP -control operation for the definition of -.Dq event of interest . -.Pp -The representative lwp remains fixed (it will be chosen again on the next -operation) as long as all of the lwps are stopped on events of interest or are -in a -.Sy PR_SUSPENDED -stop and the -.Sy PCRUN -control operation is not applied to any of them. -.Pp -When applied to the process control file, every -.Pa /proc -control operation -that must act on an lwp uses the same algorithm to choose which lwp to act -upon. -Together with synchronous stopping (see -.Sy PCSET ) , -this enables a debugger to control a multiple-lwp process using only the -process-level status and control files if it so chooses. -More fine-grained control can be achieved using the lwp-specific files. -.Pp -The system supports two process data models, the traditional 32-bit data model -in which ints, longs and pointers are all 32 bits wide (the ILP32 data model), -and on some platforms the 64-bit data model in which longs and pointers, but -not ints, are 64 bits in width (the LP64 data model). -In the LP64 data model some system data types, notably -.Sy size_t , -.Sy off_t , -.Sy time_t -and -.Sy dev_t , -grow from 32 bits to 64 bits as well. -.Pp -The -.Pa /proc -interfaces described here are available to both 32-bit and -64-bit controlling processes. -However, many operations attempted by a 32-bit -controlling process on a 64-bit target process will fail with -.Er EOVERFLOW -because the address space range of a 32-bit process cannot encompass a 64-bit -process or because the data in some 64-bit system data type cannot be -compressed to fit into the corresponding 32-bit type without loss of -information. -Operations that fail in this circumstance include reading and -writing the address space, reading the address-map files, and setting the -target process's registers. -There is no restriction on operations applied by a -64-bit process to either a 32-bit or a 64-bit target processes. -.Pp -The format of the contents of any -.Pa /proc -file depends on the data model of the observer (the controlling process), not -on the data model of the target process. -A 64-bit debugger does not have to translate the information it reads from a -.Pa /proc -file for a 32-bit process from 32-bit format to 64-bit format. -However, it usually has to be aware of the data model of the target process. -The -.Sy pr_dmodel -field of the -.Pa status -files indicates the target process's data model. -.Pp -To help deal with system data structures that are read from 32-bit processes, a -64-bit controlling program can be compiled with the C preprocessor symbol -.Dv _SYSCALL32 -defined before system header files are included. -This makes explicit 32-bit fixed-width data structures (like -.Sy struct stat32 ) -visible to the 64-bit program. -See -.Xr types32.h 3HEAD . -.Sh DIRECTORY STRUCTURE -At the top level, the directory -.Pa /proc -contains entries each of which names an existing process in the system. -These entries are themselves directories. -Except where otherwise noted, the files described below can be -opened for reading only. -In addition, if a process becomes a -.Em zombie -(one that has exited but whose parent has not yet performed a -.Xr wait 3C -upon it), most of its associated -.Pa /proc -files disappear from the hierarchy; subsequent attempts to open them, or to -read or write files opened before the process exited, will elicit the error -.Er ENOENT . -.Pp -Although process state and consequently the contents of -.Pa /proc -files can change from instant to instant, a single -.Xr read 2 -of a -.Pa /proc -file is guaranteed to return a sane representation of state; that is, the read -will be atomic with respect to the state of the process. -No such guarantee applies to successive reads applied to a -.Pa /proc -file for a running process. -In addition, atomicity is not guaranteed for -.Sy I/O -applied to the -.Pa as -(address-space) file for a running process or for a process whose address space -contains memory shared by another running process. -.Pp -A number of structure definitions are used to describe the files. -These structures may grow by the addition of elements at the end in future -releases of the system and it is not legitimate for a program to assume that -they will not. -.Sh STRUCTURE OF Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid -A given directory -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid -contains the following entries. -A process can use the invisible alias -.Pa /proc/self -if it wishes to open one of its own -.Pa /proc -files (invisible in the sense that the name -.Dq self -does not appear in a directory listing of -.Pa /proc -obtained from -.Xr ls 1 , -.Xr getdents 2 , -or -.Xr readdir 3C ) . -.Ss contracts -A directory containing references to the contracts held by the process. -Each entry is a symlink to the contract's directory under -.Pa /system/contract . -See -.Xr contract 4 . -.Ss as -Contains the address-space image of the process; it can be opened for both -reading and writing. -.Xr lseek 2 -is used to position the file at the virtual address of interest and then the -address space can be examined or changed through -.Xr read 2 -or -.Xr write 2 -(or by using -.Xr pread 2 -or -.Xr pwrite 2 -for the combined operation). -.Ss ctl -A write-only file to which structured messages are written directing the system -to change some aspect of the process's state or control its behavior in some -way. -The seek offset is not relevant when writing to this file. -Individual lwps also have associated -.Pa lwpctl -files in the lwp subdirectories. -A control message may be written either to the process's -.Pa ctl -file or to a specific -.Pa lwpctl -file with operation-specific effects. -The effect of a control message is immediately reflected in the state of the -process visible through appropriate status and information files. -The types of control messages are described in detail later. -See -.Sx CONTROL MESSAGES . -.Ss status -Contains state information about the process and the representative lwp. -The file contains a -.Sy pstatus -structure which contains an embedded -.Sy lwpstatus -structure for the representative lwp, as follows: -.Bd -literal -offset 2 -typedef struct pstatus { - int pr_flags; /* flags (see below) */ - int pr_nlwp; /* number of active lwps in the process */ - int pr_nzomb; /* number of zombie lwps in the process */ - pid_tpr_pid; /* process id */ - pid_tpr_ppid; /* parent process id */ - pid_tpr_pgid; /* process group id */ - pid_tpr_sid; /* session id */ - id_t pr_aslwpid; /* obsolete */ - id_t pr_agentid; /* lwp-id of the agent lwp, if any */ - sigset_t pr_sigpend; /* set of process pending signals */ - uintptr_t pr_brkbase; /* virtual address of the process heap */ - size_t pr_brksize; /* size of the process heap, in bytes */ - uintptr_t pr_stkbase; /* virtual address of the process stack */ - size_tpr_stksize; /* size of the process stack, in bytes */ - timestruc_t pr_utime; /* process user cpu time */ - timestruc_t pr_stime; /* process system cpu time */ - timestruc_t pr_cutime; /* sum of children's user times */ - timestruc_t pr_cstime; /* sum of children's system times */ - sigset_t pr_sigtrace; /* set of traced signals */ - fltset_t pr_flttrace; /* set of traced faults */ - sysset_t pr_sysentry; /* set of system calls traced on entry */ - sysset_t pr_sysexit; /* set of system calls traced on exit */ - char pr_dmodel; /* data model of the process */ - taskid_t pr_taskid; /* task id */ - projid_t pr_projid; /* project id */ - zoneid_t pr_zoneid; /* zone id */ - lwpstatus_t pr_lwp; /* status of the representative lwp */ -} pstatus_t; -.Ed -.Pp -.Sy pr_flags -is a bit-mask holding the following process flags. -For convenience, it also contains the lwp flags for the representative lwp, -described later. -.Bl -tag -width "PR_MSACCT" -offset indent -.It Sy PR_ISSYS -process is a system process (see -.Sx PCSTOP ) . -.It Sy PR_VFORKP -process is the parent of a vforked child (see -.Sx PCWATCH ) . -.It Sy PR_FORK -process has its inherit-on-fork mode set (see -.Sx PCSET ) . -.It Sy PR_RLC -process has its run-on-last-close mode set (see -.Sx PCSET ) . -.It Sy PR_KLC -process has its kill-on-last-close mode set (see -.Sx PCSET ) . -.It Sy PR_ASYNC -process has its asynchronous-stop mode set (see -.Sx PCSET ) . -.It Sy PR_MSACCT -Set by default in all processes to indicate that microstate accounting is -enabled. -However, this flag has been deprecated and no longer has any effect. -Microstate accounting may not be disabled; however, it is still possible to -toggle the flag. -.It Sy PR_MSFORK -Set by default in all processes to indicate that microstate accounting will be -enabled for processes that this parent -.Xr fork 2 Ns s . -However, this flag has been deprecated and no longer has any effect. -It is possible to toggle this flag; however, it is not possible to disable -microstate accounting. -.It Sy PR_BPTADJ -process has its breakpoint adjustment mode set (see -.Sx PCSET ) . -.It Sy PR_PTRACE -process has its ptrace-compatibility mode set (see -.Sx PCSET ) . -.El -.Pp -.Sy pr_nlwp -is the total number of active lwps in the process. -.Sy pr_nzomb -is the total number of zombie lwps in the process. -A zombie lwp is a non-detached lwp that has terminated but has not been reaped -with -.Xr thr_join 3C -or -.Xr pthread_join 3C . -.Pp -.Sy pr_pid , -.Sy pr_ppi , -.Sy pr_pgid , -and -.Sy pr_sid -are, respectively, the process ID, the ID of the process's parent, the -process's process group ID, and the process's session ID. -.Pp -.Sy pr_aslwpid -is obsolete and is always zero. -.Pp -.Sy pr_agentid -is the lwp-ID for the -.Pa /proc -agent lwp (see the -.Sx PCAGENT -control operation). -It is zero if there is no agent lwp in the process. -.Pp -.Sy pr_sigpend -identifies asynchronous signals pending for the process. -.Pp -.Sy pr_brkbase -is the virtual address of the process heap and -.Sy pr_brksize -is its size in bytes. -The address formed by the sum of these values is the process -.Sy break -(see -.Xr brk 2 ) . -.Sy pr_stkbase -and -.Sy pr_stksize -are, respectively, the virtual address of the process stack and its size in -bytes. -(Each lwp runs on a separate stack; the distinguishing characteristic of the -process stack is that the operating system will grow it when necessary.) -.Pp -.Sy pr_utime , -.Sy pr_stime , -.Sy pr_cutime , -.Sy and pr_cstime -are, respectively, the user -.Sy CPU -and system -.Sy CPU -time consumed by the process, and the cumulative user -.Sy CPU -and system -.Sy CPU -time consumed by the process's children, in seconds and nanoseconds. -.Pp -.Sy pr_sigtrace -and -.Sy pr_flttrace -contain, respectively, the set of signals and the set of hardware faults that -are being traced (see -.Sx PCSTRACE -and -.Sx PCSFAULT ) . -.Pp -.Sy pr_sysentry -and -.Sy pr_sysexit -contain, respectively, the sets of system calls being traced on entry and exit -(see -.Sx PCSENTRY -and -.Sx PCSEXIT ) . -.Pp -.Sy pr_dmodel -indicates the data model of the process. -Possible values are: -.Bl -tag -width "PR_MODEL_NATIVE" -offset indent -.It Sy PR_MODEL_ILP32 -process data model is ILP32. -.It Sy PR_MODEL_LP64 -process data model is LP64. -.It Sy PR_MODEL_NATIVE -process data model is native. -.El -.Pp -The -.Sy pr_taskid , -.Sy pr_projid , -and -.Sy pr_zoneid -fields contain respectively, the numeric -.Sy ID Ns s -of the task, project, and zone in which the process was running. -.Pp -The constant -.Sy PR_MODEL_NATIVE -reflects the data model of the controlling process, -.Em that is , -its value is -.Sy PR_MODEL_ILP32 -or -.Sy PR_MODEL_LP64 -according to whether the controlling process has been -compiled as a 32-bit program or a 64-bit program, respectively. -.Pp -.Sy pr_lwp -contains the status information for the representative lwp: -.Bd -literal -offset 2 -typedef struct lwpstatus { - int pr_flags; /* flags (see below) */ - id_t pr_lwpid; /* specific lwp identifier */ - short pr_why; /* reason for lwp stop, if stopped */ - short pr_what; /* more detailed reason */ - short pr_cursig; /* current signal, if any */ - siginfo_t pr_info; /* info associated with signal or fault */ - sigset_t pr_lwppend; /* set of signals pending to the lwp */ - sigset_t pr_lwphold; /* set of signals blocked by the lwp */ - struct sigaction pr_action;/* signal action for current signal */ - stack_t pr_altstack; /* alternate signal stack info */ - uintptr_t pr_oldcontext; /* address of previous ucontext */ - short pr_syscall; /* system call number (if in syscall) */ - short pr_nsysarg; /* number of arguments to this syscall */ - int pr_errno; /* errno for failed syscall */ - long pr_sysarg[PRSYSARGS]; /* arguments to this syscall */ - long pr_rval1; /* primary syscall return value */ - long pr_rval2; /* second syscall return value, if any */ - char pr_clname[PRCLSZ]; /* scheduling class name */ - timestruc_t pr_tstamp; /* real-time time stamp of stop */ - timestruc_t pr_utime; /* lwp user cpu time */ - timestruc_t pr_stime; /* lwp system cpu time */ - uintptr_t pr_ustack; /* stack boundary data (stack_t) address */ - ulong_t pr_instr; /* current instruction */ - prgregset_t pr_reg; /* general registers */ - prfpregset_t pr_fpreg; /* floating-point registers */ -} lwpstatus_t; -.Ed -.Pp -.Sy pr_flags -is a bit-mask holding the following lwp flags. -For convenience, it also contains the process flags, described previously. -.Bl -tag -width "PR_STOPPED" -offset indent -.It Sy PR_STOPPED -The lwp is stopped. -.It Sy PR_ISTOP -The lwp is stopped on an event of interest (see -.Sx PCSTOP ) . -.It Sy PR_DSTOP -The lwp has a stop directive in effect (see -.Sx PCSTOP ) . -.It Sy PR_STEP -The lwp has a single-step directive in effect (see -.Sx PCRUN ) . -.It Sy PR_ASLEEP -The lwp is in an interruptible sleep within a system call. -.It Sy PR_PCINVAL -The lwp's current instruction -.Pq Sy pr_instr -is undefined. -.It Sy PR_DETACH -This is a detached lwp (see -.Xr pthread_create 3C -and -.Xr pthread_join 3C ) . -.It Sy PR_DAEMON -This is a daemon lwp (see -.Xr pthread_create 3C ) . -.It Sy PR_ASLWP -This flag is obsolete and is never set. -.It Sy PR_AGENT -This is the -.Pa /proc -agent lwp for the process. -.El -.Pp -.Sy pr_lwpid -names the specific lwp. -.Pp -.Sy pr_why -.Sy and -pr_what -together describe, for a stopped lwp, the reason for the stop. -Possible values of -.Sy pr_why -and the associated -.Sy pr_what -are: -.Bl -tag -width "PR_JOBCONTROL" -offset left -.It Sy PR_REQUESTED -indicates that the stop occurred in response to a stop directive, normally -because -.Sy PCSTOP -was applied or because another lwp stopped on an event of interest and the -asynchronous-stop flag (see -.Sx PCSET ) -was not set for the process. -.Sy pr_what -is unused in this case. -.It Sy PR_SIGNALLED -indicates that the lwp stopped on receipt of a signal (see -.Sx PCSTRACE ) ; -.Sy pr_what -holds the signal number that caused the stop (for a newly-stopped -lwp, the same value is in -.Sy pr_cursig ) . -.It Sy PR_FAULTED -indicates that the lwp stopped on incurring a hardware fault (see -.Sx PCSFAULT ) ; -.Sy pr_what -holds the fault number that caused the stop. -.It Sy PR_SYSENTRY -.It Sy PR_SYSEXIT -indicate a stop on entry to or exit from a system call (see -.Sx PCSENTRY -and -.Sx PCSEXIT ) ; -.Sy pr_what -holds the system call number. -.It Sy PR_JOBCONTROL -indicates that the lwp stopped due to the default action of a job control stop -signal (see -.Xr sigaction 2 ) ; -.Sy pr_what -holds the stopping signal number. -.It Sy PR_SUSPENDED -indicates that the lwp stopped due to internal synchronization of lwps within -the process. -.Sy pr_what -is unused in this case. -.El -.Pp -.Sy pr_cursig -names the current signal, that is, the next signal to be delivered to the lwp, -if any. -.Sy pr_info , -when the lwp is in a -.Sy PR_SIGNALLED -or -.Sy PR_FAULTED -stop, contains additional information pertinent to the particular signal or -fault (see -.In sys/siginfo.h ) . -.Pp -.Sy pr_lwppend -identifies any synchronous or directed signals pending for the lwp. -.Sy pr_lwphold -identifies those signals whose delivery is being blocked by the lwp (the -signal mask). -.Pp -.Sy pr_action -contains the signal action information pertaining to the current signal (see -.Xr sigaction 2 ) ; -it is undefined if -.Sy pr_cursig -is zero. -.Sy pr_altstack -contains the alternate signal stack information for the lwp (see -.Xr sigaltstack 2 ) . -.Pp -.Sy pr_oldcontext , -if not zero, contains the address on the lwp stack of a -.Sy ucontext -structure describing the previous user-level context (see -.Xr ucontext.h 3HEAD ) . -It is non-zero only if the lwp is executing in the context of a signal handler. -.Pp -.Sy pr_syscall -is the number of the system call, if any, being executed by -the lwp; it is non-zero if and only if the lwp is stopped on -.Sy PR_SYSENTRY -or -.Sy PR_SYSEXIT , -or is asleep within a system call -.Pf ( Sy PR_ASLEEP -is set). -If -.Sy pr_syscall -is non-zero, -.Sy pr_nsysarg -is the number of arguments to the system call and -.Sy pr_sysarg -contains the actual arguments. -.Pp -.Sy pr_rval1 , -.Sy pr_rval2 , -and -.Sy pr_errno -are defined only if the lwp -is stopped on -.Sy PR_SYSEXIT -or if the -.Sy PR_VFORKP -flag is set. -If -.Sy pr_errno -is zero, -.Sy pr_rval1 -and -.Sy pr_rval2 -contain the return values from the system call. -Otherwise, -.Sy pr_errno -contains the error number for the failing system call (see -.In sys/errno.h ) . -.Pp -.Sy pr_clname -contains the name of the lwp's scheduling class. -.Pp -.Sy pr_tstamp , -if the lwp is stopped, contains a time stamp marking when the -lwp stopped, in real time seconds and nanoseconds since an arbitrary time in -the past. -.Pp -.Sy pr_utime -is the amount of user level CPU time used by this LWP. -.Pp -.Sy pr_stime -is the amount of system level CPU time used by this LWP. -.Pp -.Sy pr_ustack -is the virtual address of the -.Sy stack_t -that contains the stack boundaries for this LWP. -See -.Xr getustack 2 -and -.Xr _stack_grow 3C . -.Pp -.Sy pr_instr -contains the machine instruction to which the lwp's program counter refers. -The amount of data retrieved from the process is machine-dependent. -On SPARC based machines, it is a 32-bit word. -On x86-based machines, it is a single byte. -In general, the size is that of the machine's smallest instruction. -If -.Sy PR_PCINVAL -is set, -.Sy pr_instr -is undefined; this occurs whenever the lwp is not stopped or when the program -counter refers to an invalid virtual address. -.Pp -.Sy pr_reg -is an array holding the contents of a stopped lwp's general registers. -.Bl -tag -offset left -width "SPARC V8 (32-bit)" -.It Sy SPARC -On SPARC-based machines, the predefined constants -.Sy R_G0 -\&.\&.\&. -.Sy R_G7 , -.Sy R_O0 -\&.\&.\&. -.Sy R_O7 , -.Sy R_L0 -\&.\&.\&. -.Sy R_L7 , -.Sy R_I0 -\&.\&.\&. -.Sy R_I7 , -.Sy R_PC , -.Sy R_nPC , -and -.Sy R_Y -can be used as indices to refer to the corresponding registers; previous -register windows can be read from their overflow locations on the stack -(however, see the -.Pa gwindows -file in the -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp/ Ns Em lwpid -subdirectory). -.It Sy SPARC V8 (32-bit) -For SPARC V8 (32-bit) controlling processes, the predefined constants -.Sy R_PSR , -.Sy R_WIM , -and -.Sy R_TBR -can be used as indices to refer to the corresponding special registers. -For SPARC V9 (64-bit) controlling processes, the predefined constants -.Sy R_CCR , -.Sy R_ASI , -and -.Sy R_FPRS -can be used as indices to refer to the corresponding special registers. -.It Sy x86 (32-bit) -For 32-bit x86 processes, the predefined constants listed belowcan be used as -indices to refer to the corresponding registers. -.Bl -tag -width "TRAPNO" -offset indent -compact -.It SS -.It UESP -.It EFL -.It CS -.It EIP -.It ERR -.It TRAPNO -.It EAX -.It ECX -.It EDX -.It EBX -.It ESP -.It EBP -.It ESI -.It EDI -.It DS -.It ES -.It GS -.El -.Pp -The preceding constants are listed in -.In sys/regset.h . -.Pp -Note that a 32-bit process can run on an x86 64-bit system, using the constants -listed above. -.It Sy x86 (64-bit) -To read the registers of a 32- -.Em or -a 64-bit process, a 64-bit x86 process should use the predefined constants -listed below. -.Bl -tag -width "REG_TRAPNO" -offset indent -compact -.It REG_GSBASE -.It REG_FSBASE -.It REG_DS -.It REG_ES -.It REG_GS -.It REG_FS -.It REG_SS -.It REG_RSP -.It REG_RFL -.It REG_CS -.It REG_RIP -.It REG_ERR -.It REG_TRAPNO -.It REG_RAX -.It REG_RCX -.It REG_RDX -.It REG_RBX -.It REG_RBP -.It REG_RSI -.It REG_RDI -.It REG_R8 -.It REG_R9 -.It REG_R10 -.It REG_R11 -.It REG_R12 -.It REG_R13 -.It REG_R14 -.It REG_R15 -.El -.Pp -The preceding constants are listed in -.In sys/regset.h . -.El -.Pp -.Sy pr_fpreg -is a structure holding the contents of the floating-point registers. -.Pp -SPARC registers, both general and floating-point, as seen by a 64-bit -controlling process are the V9 versions of the registers, even if the target -process is a 32-bit (V8) process. -V8 registers are a subset of the V9 registers. -.Pp -If the lwp is not stopped, all register values are undefined. -.Ss psinfo -Contains miscellaneous information about the process and the representative lwp -needed by the -.Xr ps 1 -command. -.Sy psinfo -remains accessible after a process becomes a -.Em zombie . -The file contains a -.Sy psinfo -structure which contains an embedded -.Sy lwpsinfo -structure for the representative lwp, as follows: -.Bd -literal -offset 2 -typedef struct psinfo { - int pr_flag; /* process flags (DEPRECATED: see below) */ - int pr_nlwp; /* number of active lwps in the process */ - int pr_nzomb; /* number of zombie lwps in the process */ - pid_t pr_pid; /* process id */ - pid_t pr_ppid; /* process id of parent */ - pid_t pr_pgid; /* process id of process group leader */ - pid_t pr_sid; /* session id */ - uid_t pr_uid; /* real user id */ - uid_t pr_euid; /* effective user id */ - gid_t pr_gid; /* real group id */ - gid_t pr_egid; /* effective group id */ - uintptr_t pr_addr; /* address of process */ - size_t pr_size; /* size of process image in Kbytes */ - size_t pr_rssize; /* resident set size in Kbytes */ - dev_t pr_ttydev; /* controlling tty device (or PRNODEV) */ - ushort_t pr_pctcpu; /* % of recent cpu time used by all lwps */ - ushort_t pr_pctmem; /* % of system memory used by process */ - timestruc_t pr_start; /* process start time, from the epoch */ - timestruc_t pr_time; /* cpu time for this process */ - timestruc_t pr_ctime; /* cpu time for reaped children */ - char pr_fname[PRFNSZ]; /* name of exec'ed file */ - char pr_psargs[PRARGSZ]; /* initial characters of arg list */ - int pr_wstat; /* if zombie, the wait() status */ - int pr_argc; /* initial argument count */ - uintptr_t pr_argv; /* address of initial argument vector */ - uintptr_t pr_envp; /* address of initial environment vector */ - char pr_dmodel; /* data model of the process */ - taskid_t pr_taskid; /* task id */ - projid_t pr_projid; /* project id */ - poolid_t pr_poolid; /* pool id */ - zoneid_t pr_zoneid; /* zone id */ - ctid_t pr_contract; /* process contract id */ - lwpsinfo_t pr_lwp; /* information for representative lwp */ -} psinfo_t; -.Ed -.Pp -Some of the entries in -.Sy psinfo , -such as -.Sy pr_addr , -refer to internal kernel data structures and should not be expected to retain -their meanings across different versions of the operating system. -.Pp -.Sy psinfo_t.pr_flag -is a deprecated interface that should no longer be used. -Applications currently relying on the -.Sy SSYS -bit in -.Sy pr_flag -should migrate to checking -.Sy PR_ISSYS -in the -.Sy pstatus -structure's -.Sy pr_flags -field. -.Pp -.Sy pr_pctcpu -and -.Sy pr_pctmem -are 16-bit binary fractions in the range 0.0 to 1.0 with the binary point to -the right of the high-order bit (1.0 == 0x8000). -.Sy pr_pctcpu -is the summation over all lwps in the process. -.Pp -.Sy pr_lwp -contains the -.Xr ps 1 -information for the representative lwp. -If the process is a -.Em zombie , -.Sy pr_nlwp , -.Sy pr_nzomb , -and -.Sy pr_lwp.pr_lwpid -are zero and the other fields of -.Sy pr_lwp -are undefined: -.Bd -literal -offset 2 -typedef struct lwpsinfo { - int pr_flag; /* lwp flags (DEPRECATED: see below) */ - id_t pr_lwpid; /* lwp id */ - uintptr_t pr_addr; /* internal address of lwp */ - uintptr_t pr_wchan; /* wait addr for sleeping lwp */ - char pr_stype; /* synchronization event type */ - char pr_state; /* numeric lwp state */ - char pr_sname; /* printable character for pr_state */ - char pr_nice; /* nice for cpu usage */ - short pr_syscall; /* system call number (if in syscall) */ - char pr_oldpri; /* pre-SVR4, low value is high priority */ - char pr_cpu; /* pre-SVR4, cpu usage for scheduling */ - int pr_pri; /* priority, high value = high priority */ - ushort_t pr_pctcpu; /* % of recent cpu time used by this lwp */ - timestruc_t pr_start; /* lwp start time, from the epoch */ - timestruc_t pr_time; /* cpu time for this lwp */ - char pr_clname[PRCLSZ]; /* scheduling class name */ - char pr_name[PRFNSZ]; /* name of system lwp */ - processorid_t pr_onpro; /* processor which last ran this lwp */ - processorid_t pr_bindpro;/* processor to which lwp is bound */ - psetid_t pr_bindpset; /* processor set to which lwp is bound */ - lgrp_id_t pr_lgrp; /* home lgroup */ -} lwpsinfo_t; -.Ed -.Pp -Some of the entries in -.Sy lwpsinfo , -such as -.Sy pr_addr , -.Sy pr_wchan , -.Sy pr_stype , -.Sy pr_state , -and -.Sy pr_name , -refer to internal kernel data structures and should not be expected to retain -their meanings across different versions of the operating system. -.Pp -.Sy lwpsinfo_t.pr_flag -is a deprecated interface that should no longer be used. -.Pp -.Sy pr_pctcpu -is a 16-bit binary fraction, as described above. -It represents the -.Sy CPU -time used by the specific lwp. -On a multi-processor machine, the maximum value is 1/N, where N is the number -of -.Sy CPU Ns s . -.Pp -.Sy pr_contract -is the id of the process contract of which the process is a member. -See -.Xr contract 4 -and -.Xr process 4 . -.Ss cred -Contains a description of the credentials associated with the process: -.Bd -literal -offset 2 -typedef struct prcred { - uid_t pr_euid; /* effective user id */ - uid_t pr_ruid; /* real user id */ - uid_t pr_suid; /* saved user id (from exec) */ - gid_t pr_egid; /* effective group id */ - gid_t pr_rgid; /* real group id */ - gid_t pr_sgid; /* saved group id (from exec) */ - int pr_ngroups; /* number of supplementary groups */ - gid_t pr_groups[1]; /* array of supplementary groups */ -} prcred_t; -.Ed -.Pp -The array of associated supplementary groups in -.Sy pr_groups - is of variable -length; the -.Sy cred -file contains all of the supplementary groups. -.Sy pr_ngroups -indicates the number of supplementary groups. (See also the -.Sy PCSCRED -and -.Sy PCSCREDX -control operations.) -.Ss priv -Contains a description of the privileges associated with the process: -.Bd -literal -offset 2 -typedef struct prpriv { - uint32_t pr_nsets; /* number of privilege set */ - uint32_t pr_setsize; /* size of privilege set */ - uint32_t pr_infosize; /* size of supplementary data */ - priv_chunk_t pr_sets[1]; /* array of sets */ -} prpriv_t; -.Ed -.Pp -The actual dimension of the -.Sy pr_sets Ns [] -field is -.D1 pr_sets[pr_nsets][pr_setsize] -.Pp -which is followed by additional information about the process state -.Sy pr_infosize -bytes in size. -.Pp -The full size of the structure can be computed using -.Fn PRIV_PRPRIV_SIZE "prpriv_t *" . -.Ss secflags -This file contains the security-flags of the process. -It contains a description of the security flags associated with the process. -.Bd -literal -offset 2 -typedef struct prsecflags { - uint32_t pr_version; /* ABI Versioning of this structure */ - secflagset_t pr_effective; /* Effective flags */ - secflagset_t pr_inherit; /* Inheritable flags */ - secflagset_t pr_lower; /* Lower flags */ - secflagset_t pr_upper; /* Upper flags */ -} prsecflags_t; -.Ed -.Pp -The -.Sy pr_version -field is a version number for the structure, currently -.Sy PRSECFLAGS_VERSION_1 . -.Ss sigact -Contains an array of -.Sy sigaction structures -describing the current dispositions of all signals associated with the traced -process (see -.Xr sigaction 2 ) . -Signal numbers are displaced by 1 from array indices, so that the action for -signal number -.Va n -appears in position -.Va n Ns -1 -of the array. -.Ss auxv -Contains the initial values of the process's aux vector in an array of -.Sy auxv_t -structures (see -.In sys/auxv.h ) . -The values are those that were passed by the operating system as startup -information to the dynamic linker. -.Ss ldt -This file exists only on x86-based machines. -It is non-empty only if the process has established a local descriptor table -.Pq Sy LDT . -If non-empty, the file contains the array of currently active -.Sy LDT -entries in an array of elements of type -.Vt struct ssd , -defined in -.In sys/sysi86.h , -one element for each active -.Sy LDT -entry. -.Ss map, xmap -Contain information about the virtual address map of the process. -The map file contains an array of -.Sy prmap -structures while the xmap file contains an -array of -.Sy prxmap -structures. -Each structure describes a contiguous virtual -address region in the address space of the traced process: -.Bd -literal -offset 2 -typedef struct prmap { - uintptr_tpr_vaddr; /* virtual address of mapping */ - size_t pr_size; /* size of mapping in bytes */ - char pr_mapname[PRMAPSZ]; /* name in /proc/pid/object */ - offset_t pr_offset; /* offset into mapped object, if any */ - int pr_mflags; /* protection and attribute flags */ - int pr_pagesize; /* pagesize for this mapping in bytes */ - int pr_shmid; /* SysV shared memory identifier */ -} prmap_t; -.Ed -.Bd -literal -offset 2 -typedef struct prxmap { - uintptr_t pr_vaddr; /* virtual address of mapping */ - size_t pr_size; /* size of mapping in bytes */ - char pr_mapname[PRMAPSZ]; /* name in /proc/pid/object */ - offset_t pr_offset; /* offset into mapped object, if any */ - int pr_mflags; /* protection and attribute flags */ - int pr_pagesize; /* pagesize for this mapping in bytes */ - int pr_shmid; /* SysV shared memory identifier */ - dev_t pr_dev; /* device of mapped object, if any */ - uint64_t pr_ino; /* inode of mapped object, if any */ - size_t pr_rss; /* pages of resident memory */ - size_t pr_anon; /* pages of resident anonymous memory */ - size_t pr_locked; /* pages of locked memory */ - uint64_t pr_hatpagesize; /* pagesize of mapping */ -} prxmap_t; -.Ed -.Pp -.Sy pr_vaddr -is the virtual address of the mapping within the traced process and -.Sy pr_size -is its size in bytes. -.Sy pr_mapname , -if it does not contain a null string, contains the name of a file in the -.Sy object -directory (see below) that can be opened read-only to obtain a file descriptor -for the mapped file associated with the mapping. -This enables a debugger to find object file symbol tables without having to -know the real path names of the executable file and shared libraries of -the process. -.Sy pr_offset -is the 64-bit offset within the mapped file (if any) to which the virtual -address is mapped. -.Pp -.Sy pr_mflags -is a bit-mask of protection and attribute flags: -.Bl -tag -width "MA_NORESERVE" -offset left -.It Sy MA_READ -mapping is readable by the traced process. -.It Sy MA_WRITE -mapping is writable by the traced process. -.It Sy MA_EXEC -mapping is executable by the traced process. -.It Sy MA_SHARED -mapping changes are shared by the mapped object. -.It Sy MA_ISM -mapping is intimate shared memory (shared MMU resources) -.It Sy MAP_NORESERVE -mapping does not have swap space reserved (mapped with MAP_NORESERVE) -.It Sy MA_SHM -mapping System V shared memory -.El -.Pp -A contiguous area of the address space having the same underlying mapped object -may appear as multiple mappings due to varying read, write, and execute -attributes. -The underlying mapped object does not change over the range of a -single mapping. -An -.Sy I/O -operation to a mapping marked -.Sy MA_SHARED -fails if applied at a virtual address not corresponding to a valid page in the -underlying mapped object. -A write to a -.Sy MA_SHARED -mapping that is not marked -.Sy MA_WRITE -fails. -Reads and writes to private mappings always succeed. -Reads and writes to unmapped addresses fail. -.Pp -.Sy pr_pagesize -is the page size for the mapping, currently always the system pagesize. -.Pp -.Sy pr_shmid -is the shared memory identifier, if any, for the mapping. -Its value is \-1 -if the mapping is not System V shared memory. -See -.Xr shmget 2 . -.Pp -.Sy pr_dev -is the device of the mapped object, if any, for the mapping. -Its value is -.Sy PRNODEV -.Pq \-1 -if the mapping does not have a device. -.Pp -.Sy pr_ino -is the inode of the mapped object, if any, for the mapping. -Its contents are only valid if -.Sy pr_dev -is not -.Sy PRNODEV . -.Pp -.Sy pr_rss -is the number of resident pages of memory for the mapping. -The number of resident bytes for the mapping may be determined by multiplying -.Sy pr_rss -by the page size given by -.Sy pr_pagesize . -.Pp -.Sy pr_anon -is the number of resident anonymous memory pages (pages which are -private to this process) for the mapping. -.Pp -.Sy pr_locked -is the number of locked pages for the mapping. -Pages which are locked are always resident in memory. -.Pp -.Sy pr_hatpagesize -is the size, in bytes, of the -.Sy HAT -.Pq Sy MMU -translation for the mapping. -.Sy pr_hatpagesize -may be different than -.Sy pr_pagesize . -The possible values are hardware architecture specific, and -may change over a mapping's lifetime. -.Ss rmap -Contains information about the reserved address ranges of the process. -The file contains an array of -.Sy prmap -structures, as defined above for the -.Sy map -file. -Each structure describes a contiguous virtual address region in the -address space of the traced process that is reserved by the system in the sense -that an -.Xr mmap 2 -system call that does not specify -.Sy MAP_FIXED -will not use any part of it for the new mapping. -Examples of such reservations include the address ranges reserved for the -process stack and the individual thread stacks of a multi-threaded process. -.Ss cwd -A symbolic link to the process's current working directory. -See -.Xr chdir 2 . -A -.Xr readlink 2 -of -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /cwd -yields a null string. -However, it can be opened, listed, and searched as a directory, and can be the -target of -.Xr chdir 2 . -.Ss root -A symbolic link to the process's root directory. -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /root -can differ from the system root directory if the process or one of its -ancestors executed -.Xr chroot 2 -as super user. -It has the same semantics as -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /cwd . -.Ss fd -A directory containing references to the open files of the process. -Each entry is a decimal number corresponding to an open file descriptor in the -process. -.Pp -If an entry refers to a regular file, it can be opened with normal file system -semantics but, to ensure that the controlling process cannot gain greater -access than the controlled process, with no file access modes other than its -read/write open modes in the controlled process. -If an entry refers to a directory, it can be accessed with the same semantics -as -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /cwd . -An attempt to open any other type of entry fails with -.Er EACCES . -.Ss fdinfo -A directory containing information about each of the process's open files. -Each entry is a decimal number corresponding to an open file descriptor in the -process. -Each file contains a -.Sy prfdinfo_t -structure defined as follows: -.Bd -literal -offset 2 -typedef struct prfdinfo { - int pr_fd; /* file descriptor number */ - mode_t pr_mode; /* (see st_mode in stat(2)) */ - uint64_t pr_ino; /* inode number */ - uint64_t pr_size; /* file size */ - int64_t pr_offset; /* current offset of file descriptor */ - uid_t pr_uid; /* owner's user id */ - gid_t pr_gid; /* owner's group id */ - major_t pr_major; /* major number of device containing file */ - minor_t pr_minor; /* minor number of device containing file */ - major_t pr_rmajor; /* major number (if special file) */ - minor_t pr_rminor; /* minor number (if special file) */ - int pr_fileflags; /* (see F_GETXFL in fcntl(2)) */ - int pr_fdflags; /* (see F_GETFD in fcntl(2)) */ - short pr_locktype; /* (see F_GETLK in fcntl(2)) */ - pid_t pr_lockpid; /* process holding file lock (see F_GETLK) */ - int pr_locksysid; /* sysid of locking process (see F_GETLK) */ - pid_t pr_peerpid; /* peer process (socket, door) */ - int pr_filler[25]; /* reserved for future use */ - char pr_peername[PRFNSZ]; /* peer process name */ -#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L - char pr_misc[]; /* self describing structures */ -#else - char pr_misc[1]; -#endif -} prfdinfo_t; -.Ed -.Pp -The -.Sy pr_misc -element points to a list of additional miscellaneous data items, each of which -has a header of type -.Sy pr_misc_header_t -specifying the size and type, and some data which immediately follow -the header. -.Bd -literal -offset 2 -typedef struct pr_misc_header { - uint_t pr_misc_size; - uint_t pr_misc_type; -} pr_misc_header_t; -.Ed -.Pp -The -.Sy pr_misc_size -field is the sum of the sizes of the header and the associated data and any -trailing padding bytes which will be set to zero. -The end of the list is indicated by a header with a zero size and a type with -all bits set. -.Pp -The following miscellaneous data types can be present: -.Bl -tag -width "PR_SOCKOPT_TCP_CONGESTION" -offset left -.It Sy PR_PATHNAME -The file descriptor's path in the filesystem. -This is a NUL-terminated sequence of characters. -.It Sy PR_SOCKETNAME -A -.Sy sockaddr -structure representing the local socket name for this file descriptor, as -would be returned by calling -.Fn getsockname -within the process. -.It Sy PR_PEERSOCKNAME -A -.Sy sockaddr -structure representing the peer socket name for this file descriptor, as -would be returned by calling -.Fn getpeername -within the process. -.It Sy PR_SOCKOPTS_BOOL_OPTS -An unsigned integer which has bits set corresponding to options which are -set on the underlying socket. -The following bits may be set: -.Bl -tag -width "PR_SO_PASSIVE_CONNECT" -.It Sy PR_SO_DEBUG -.It Sy PR_SO_REUSEADDR -.It Sy PR_SO_REUSEPORT -.It Sy PR_SO_KEEPALIVE -.It Sy PR_SO_DONTROUTE -.It Sy PR_SO_BROADCAST -.It Sy PR_SO_OOBINLINE -.It Sy PR_SO_DGRAM_ERRIND -.It Sy PR_SO_ALLZONES -.It Sy PR_SO_MAC_EXEMPT -.It Sy PR_SO_EXCLBIND -.It Sy PR_SO_PASSIVE_CONNECT -.It Sy PR_SO_ACCEPTCONN -.It Sy PR_UDP_NAT_T_ENDPOINT -.It Sy PR_SO_VRRP -.It Sy PR_SO_MAC_IMPLICIT -.El -.It Sy PR_SOCKOPT_LINGER -A -.Sy struct linger -as would be returned by calling -.Fn getsockopt SO_LINGER -within the process. -.It Sy PR_SOCKOPT_SNDBUF -The data that would be returned by calling -.Fn getsockopt SO_SNDBUF -within the process. -.It Sy PR_SOCKOPT_RCVBUF -The data that would be returned by calling -.Fn getsockopt SO_RCVBUF -within the process. -.It Sy PR_SOCKOPT_IP_NEXTHOP -The data that would be returned by calling -.Fn getsockopt IPPROTO_IP IP_NEXTHOP -within the process. -.It Sy PR_SOCKOPT_IPV6_NEXTHOP -The data that would be returned by calling -.Fn getsockopt IPPROTO_IPV6 IPV6_NEXTHOP -within the process. -.It Sy PR_SOCKOPT_TYPE -The data that would be returned by calling -.Fn getsockopt SO_TYPE -within the process. -.It Sy PR_SOCKOPT_TCP_CONGESTION -For TCP sockets, the data that would be returned by calling -.Fn getsockopt IPPROTO_TCP TCP_CONGESTION -within the process. -This is a NUL-terminated character array containing the name of the congestion -algorithm in use for the socket. -.It Sy PR_SOCKFILTERS_PRIV -Private data relating to up to the first 32 socket filters pushed on this -descriptor. -.El -.Ss object -A directory containing read-only files with names corresponding to the -.Sy pr_mapname -entries in the -.Sy map -and -.Sy pagedata -files. -Opening such a file yields a file descriptor for the underlying mapped file -associated with an address-space mapping in the process. -The file name -.Pa a.out -appears in the directory as an alias for the process's executable file. -.Pp -The -.Pa object -directory makes it possible for a controlling process to gain -access to the object file and any shared libraries (and consequently the symbol -tables) without having to know the actual path names of the executable files. -.Ss path -A directory containing symbolic links to files opened by the process. -The directory includes one entry for -.Pa cwd -and -.Pa root . -The directory also contains a numerical entry for each file descriptor in the -.Pa fd -directory, and entries matching those in the -.Pa object -directory. -If this information is not available, any attempt to read the contents of the -symbolic link will fail. -This is most common for files that do not exist in the filesystem namespace -(such as -.Sy FIFO Ns s -and sockets), but can also happen for regular files. -For the file descriptor entries, the path may be different from the one -used by the process to open the file. -.Ss pagedata -Opening the page data file enables tracking of address space references and -modifications on a per-page basis. -.Pp -A -.Xr read 2 -of the page data file descriptor returns structured page data -and atomically clears the page data maintained for the file by the system. -That is to say, each read returns data collected since the last read; the -first read returns data collected since the file was opened. -When the call completes, the read buffer contains the following structure as -its header and thereafter contains a number of section header structures and -associated byte arrays that must be accessed by walking linearly through the -buffer. -.Bd -literal -offset 2 -typedef struct prpageheader { - timestruc_t pr_tstamp; /* real time stamp, time of read() */ - ulong_t pr_nmap; /* number of address space mappings */ - ulong_t pr_npage; /* total number of pages */ -} prpageheader_t; -.Ed -.Pp -The header is followed by -.Sy "pr_nmap prasmap" -structures and associated data arrays. -The -.Sy prasmap -structure contains the following elements: -.Bd -literal -offset 2 -typedef struct prasmap { - uintptr_t pr_vaddr; /* virtual address of mapping */ - ulong_t pr_npage; /* number of pages in mapping */ - char pr_mapname[PRMAPSZ]; /* name in /proc/pid/object */ - offset_t pr_offset; /* offset into mapped object, if any */ - int pr_mflags; /* protection and attribute flags */ - int pr_pagesize; /* pagesize for this mapping in bytes */ - int pr_shmid; /* SysV shared memory identifier */ -} prasmap_t; -.Ed -.Pp -Each section header is followed by -.Sy pr_npage -bytes, one byte for each page in the mapping, plus 0-7 null bytes at the end -so that the next -.Sy prasmap -structure begins on an eight-byte aligned boundary. -Each data byte may contain these flags: -.Bl -tag -width "PG_REFERENCED" -offset 2 -.It Sy PG_REFERENCED -page has been referenced. -.It Sy PG_MODIFIED -page has been modified. -.El -.Pp -If the read buffer is not large enough to contain all of the page data, the -read fails with -.Er E2BIG -and the page data is not cleared. -The required size of the read buffer can be determined through -.Xr fstat 2 . -Application of -.Xr lseek 2 -to the page data file descriptor is ineffective; every read -starts from the beginning of the file. -Closing the page data file descriptor -terminates the system overhead associated with collecting the data. -.Pp -More than one page data file descriptor for the same process can be opened, up -to a system-imposed limit per traced process. -A read of one does not affect the data being collected by the system for the -others. -An open of the page data file will fail with -.Er ENOMEM -if the system-imposed limit would be exceeded. -.Ss watch -Contains an array of -.Vt prwatch -structures, one for each watched area established by the -.Sy PCWATCH -control operation. -See -.Sx PCWATCH -for details. -.Ss usage -Contains process usage information described by a -.Vt prusage -structure which contains at least the following fields: -.Bd -literal -offset 2 -typedef struct prusage { - id_t pr_lwpid; /* lwp id. 0: process or defunct */ - int pr_count; /* number of contributing lwps */ - timestruc_t pr_tstamp; /* real time stamp, time of read() */ - timestruc_t pr_create; /* process/lwp creation time stamp */ - timestruc_t pr_term; /* process/lwp termination time stamp */ - timestruc_t pr_rtime; /* total lwp real (elapsed) time */ - timestruc_t pr_utime; /* user level CPU time */ - timestruc_t pr_stime; /* system call CPU time */ - timestruc_t pr_ttime; /* other system trap CPU time */ - timestruc_t pr_tftime; /* text page fault sleep time */ - timestruc_t pr_dftime; /* data page fault sleep time */ - timestruc_t pr_kftime; /* kernel page fault sleep time */ - timestruc_t pr_ltime; /* user lock wait sleep time */ - timestruc_t pr_slptime; /* all other sleep time */ - timestruc_t pr_wtime; /* wait-cpu (latency) time */ - timestruc_t pr_stoptime; /* stopped time */ - ulong_t pr_minf; /* minor page faults */ - ulong_t pr_majf; /* major page faults */ - ulong_t pr_nswap; /* swaps */ - ulong_t pr_inblk; /* input blocks */ - ulong_t pr_oublk; /* output blocks */ - ulong_t pr_msnd; /* messages sent */ - ulong_t pr_mrcv; /* messages received */ - ulong_t pr_sigs; /* signals received */ - ulong_t pr_vctx; /* voluntary context switches */ - ulong_t pr_ictx; /* involuntary context switches */ - ulong_t pr_sysc; /* system calls */ - ulong_t pr_ioch; /* chars read and written */ -} prusage_t; -.Ed -.Pp -Microstate accounting is now continuously enabled. -While this information was -previously an estimate, if microstate accounting were not enabled, the current -information is now never an estimate represents time the process has spent in -various states. -.Ss lstatus -Contains a -.Vt prheader -structure followed by an array of -.Vt lwpstatus -structures, one for each active lwp in the process (see also -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp/ Ns Em lwpid Ns Pa /lwpstatus , -below). -The -.Vt prheader -structure describes the number and size of the array entries that follow. -.Bd -literal -offset 2 -typedef struct prheader { - long pr_nent; /* number of entries */ - size_t pr_entsize; /* size of each entry, in bytes */ -} prheader_t; -.Ed -.Pp -The -.Vt lwpstatus -structure may grow by the addition of elements at the end in future releases -of the system. -Programs must use -.Sy pr_entsize -in the file header to index through the array. -These comments apply to all -.Pa /proc -files that include a -.Vt prheader -structure -.Pf ( Pa lpsinfo -and -.Pa lusage , -below). -.Ss lpsinfo -Contains a -.Vt prheader -structure followed by an array of -.Vt lwpsinfo -structures, one for eachactive and zombie lwp in the process. -See also -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp/ Ns Em lwpid Ns Pa /lwpsinfo , -below. -.Ss lusage -Contains a -.Vt prheader -structure followed by an array of -.Vt prusage -structures, one for each active lwp in the process, plus an additional element -at the beginning that contains the summation over all defunct lwps (lwps that -once existed but no longer exist in the process). -Excluding the -.Sy pr_lwpid , -.Sy pr_tstamp , -.Sy pr_create , -and -.Sy pr_term -entries, the entry-by-entry summation over all these structures is the -definition of the process usage information obtained from the -.Pa usage -file. (See also -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp/ Ns Em lwpid Ns Pa /lwpusage , -below.) -.Ss lwp -A directory containing entries each of which names an active or zombie lwp -within the process. -These entries are themselves directories containing additional files as -described below. -Only the -.Pa lwpsinfo -file exists in the directory of a zombie lwp. -.Sh "STRUCTURE OF" Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp/ Ns Em lwpid -A given directory -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp/ Ns Em lwpid -contains the following entries: -.Ss lwpctl -Write-only control file. -The messages written to this file affect the specific -lwp rather than the representative lwp, as is the case for the process's -.Pa ctl -file. -.Ss lwpname -A buffer of -.Dv THREAD_NAME_MAX -bytes representing the LWP name; the buffer is -zero-filled if the thread name is shorter than the buffer. -If no thread name is set, the buffer contains the empty string. -A read with a buffer shorter than -.Dv THREAD_NAME_MAX -bytes is not guaranteed to be NUL-terminated. -Writing to this file will set the LWP name for the specific lwp. -This file may not be present in older operating system versions. -.Dv THREAD_NAME_MAX -may increase in the future; clients should be prepared for this. -.Ss lwpstatus -lwp-specific state information. -This file contains the -.Vt lwpstatus -structure for the specific lwp as described above for the representative lwp in -the process's -.Pa status -file. -.Ss lwpsinfo -lwp-specific -.Xr ps 1 -information. -This file contains the -.Vt lwpsinfo -structure for the specific lwp as described above for the representative lwp in -the process's -.Pa psinfo -file. -The -.Pa lwpsinfo -file remains accessible after an lwp becomes a zombie. -.Ss lwpusage -This file contains the -.Vt prusage -structure for the specific lwp as described above for the process's -.Pa usage -file. -.Ss gwindows -This file exists only on SPARC based machines. -If it is non-empty, it contains a -.Vt gwindows_t -structure, defined in -.In sys/regset.h , -with the values of those SPARC register windows that could not be stored on -the stack when the lwp stopped. -Conditions under which register windows are not stored on the -stack are: the stack pointer refers to nonexistent process memory or the stack -pointer is improperly aligned. -If the lwp is not stopped or if there are no -register windows that could not be stored on the stack, the file is empty (the -usual case). -.Ss xregs -Extra state registers. -The extra state register set is architecture dependent; -this file is empty if the system does not support extra state registers. -If the file is non-empty, it contains an architecture dependent structure of -type -.Vt prxregset_t , -defined in -.In procfs.h , -with the values of the lwp's extra state registers. -If the lwp is not stopped, all register values are undefined. -See also the -.Sx PCSXREG -control operation, below. -.Ss asrs -This file exists only for 64-bit SPARC V9 processes. -It contains an -.Vt asrset_t -structure, defined in -.In sys/regset.h , -containing the values of the lwp's platform-dependent ancillary state registers. -If the lwp is not stopped, all register values are undefined. -See also the -.Sx PCSASRS -control operation, below. -.Ss spymaster -For an agent lwp (see -.Sx PCAGENT ) , -this file contains a -.Vt psinfo_t -structure that corresponds to the process that created the agent lwp at the -time the agent was created. -This structure is identical to that retrieved via the -.Pa psinfo -file, with one modification: the -.Sy pr_time -field does not correspond to the CPU time for the process, but rather to the -creation time of the agent lwp. -.Ss templates -A directory which contains references to the active templates for the lwp, -named by the contract type. -Changes made to an active template descriptor do -not affect the original template which was activated, though they do affect the -active template. -It is not possible to activate an active template descriptor. -See -.Xr contract 4 . -.Sh CONTROL MESSAGES -Process state changes are effected through messages written to a process's -.Sy ctl -file or to an individual lwp's -.Sy lwpctl -file. -All control messages consist of a -.Sy long -that names the specific operation followed by -additional data containing the operand, if any. -.Pp -Multiple control messages may be combined in a single -.Xr write 2 -(or -.Xr writev 2 ) -to a control file, but no partial writes are permitted. -That is, each control message, operation code plus operand, if any, must be -presented in its entirety to the -.Xr write 2 -and not in pieces over several system calls. -If a control operation fails, no subsequent operations contained in the same -.Xr write 2 -are attempted. -.Pp -Descriptions of the allowable control messages follow. -In all cases, writing a message to a control file for a process or lwp that -has terminated elicits the error -.Er ENOENT . -.Ss PCSTOP PCDSTOP PCWSTOP PCTWSTOP -When applied to the process control file, -.Sy PCSTOP -directs all lwps to stop and waits for them to stop, -.Sy PCDSTOP -directs all lwps to stop without waiting for them to stop, and -.Sy PCWSTOP -simply waits for all lwps to stop. -When applied to an lwp control file, -.Sy PCSTOP -directs the specific lwp to stop and waits until it has stopped, -.Sy PCDSTOP -directs the specific lwp to stop without waiting for it to stop, and -.Sy PCWSTOP - simply waits for the specific lwp to stop. -When applied to an lwp control file, -.Sy PCSTOP -and -.Sy PCWSTOP -complete when the lwp stops on an event of interest, immediately -if already so stopped; when applied to the process control file, they complete -when every lwp has stopped either on an event of interest or on a -.Sy PR_SUSPENDED -stop. -.Pp -.Sy PCTWSTOP -is identical to -.Sy PCWSTOP -except that it enables the operation to time out, to avoid waiting forever for -a process or lwp that may never stop on an event of interest. -.Sy PCTWSTOP -takes a -.Sy long -operand specifying a number of milliseconds; the wait will terminate -successfully after the specified number of milliseconds even if the process or -lwp has not stopped; a timeout value of zero makes the operation identical to -.Sy PCWSTOP . -.Pp -An -.Dq event of interest -is either a -.Sy PR_REQUESTED -stop or a stop that has been specified in the process's tracing flags (set by -.Sy PCSTRACE , -.Sy PCSFAULT , -.Sy PCSENTRY , -and -.Sy PCSEXIT ) . -.Sy PR_JOBCONTROL - and -.Sy PR_SUSPENDED -stops are specifically not events of interest. -(An lwp may stop twice due to a stop signal, first showing -.Sy PR_SIGNALLED -if the signal is traced and again showing -.Sy PR_JOBCONTROL -if the lwp is set running without clearing the signal.) -If -.Sy PCSTOP -or -.Sy PCDSTOP -is applied to an -lwp that is stopped, but not on an event of interest, the stop directive takes -effect when the lwp is restarted by the competing mechanism. -At that time, the lwp enters a -.Sy PR_REQUESTED -stop before executing any user-level code. -.Pp -A write of a control message that blocks is interruptible by a signal so that, -for example, an -.Xr alarm 2 -can be set to avoid waiting forever for a -process or lwp that may never stop on an event of interest. -If -.Sy PCSTOP -is interrupted, the lwp stop directives remain in effect even though the -.Xr write 2 -returns an error. -(Use of -.Sy PCTWSTOP -with a non-zero timeout is recommended over -.Sy PCWSTOP -with an -.Xr alarm 2 . ) -.Pp -A system process (indicated by the -.Sy PR_ISSYS -flag) never executes at user level, has no user-level address space visible -through -.Pa /proc , -and cannot be stopped. -Applying one of these operations to a system process or any of its -lwps elicits the error -.Er EBUSY . -.Ss PCRUN -Make an lwp runnable again after a stop. -This operation takes a -.Vt long -operand containing zero or more of the following flags: -.Bl -tag -width "PRSABORT" -offset left -.It Sy PRCSIG -clears the current signal, if any (see -.Sx PCCSIG ) . -.It Sy PRCFAULT -clears the current fault, if any (see -.Sx PCCFAULT ) . -.It Sy PRSTEP -directs the lwp to execute a single machine instruction. -On completion of the instruction, a trace trap occurs. -If -.Sy FLTTRACE -is being traced, the lwp stops; otherwise, it is sent -.Sy SIGTRAP . -If -.Sy SIGTRAP -is being traced and is not blocked, the lwp stops. -When the lwp stops on an event of interest, -the single-step directive is cancelled, even if the stop occurs before the -instruction is executed. -This operation requires hardware and operating system -support and may not be implemented on all processors. -It is implemented on SPARC and x86-based machines. -.It Sy PRSABORT -is meaningful only if the lwp is in a -.Sy PR_SYSENTRY -stop or is marked -.Sy PR_ASLEEP ; -it instructs the lwp to abort execution of the system call (see -.Sx PCSENTRY -and -.Sx PCSEXIT ) . -.It Sy PRSTOP -directs the lwp to stop again as soon as possible after resuming execution (see -.Sx PCDSTOP ) . -In particular, if the lwp is stopped on -.Sy PR_SIGNALLED -or -.Sy PR_FAULTED , -the next stop will show -.Sy PR_REQUESTED , -no other stop -will have intervened, and the lwp will not have executed any user-level code. -.El -.Pp -When applied to an lwp control file, -.Sy PCRUN -clears any outstanding -directed-stop request and makes the specific lwp runnable. -The operation fails with -.Er EBUSY -if the specific lwp is not stopped on an event of interest or -has not been directed to stop or if the agent lwp exists and this is not the -agent lwp (see -.Sx PCAGENT ) . -.Pp -When applied to the process control file, a representative lwp is chosen for -the operation as described for -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /status . -The operation fails with -.Er EBUSY -if the representative lwp is not stopped on an -event of interest or has not been directed to stop or if the agent lwp exists. -If -.Sy PRSTEP -or -.Sy PRSTOP -was requested, the representative lwp is made -runnable and its outstanding directed-stop request is cleared; otherwise all -outstanding directed-stop requests are cleared and, if it was stopped on an -event of interest, the representative lwp is marked -.Sy PR_REQUESTED . -If, as a consequence, all lwps are in the -.Sy PR_REQUESTED -or -.Sy PR_SUSPENDED -stop state, all lwps showing -.Sy PR_REQUESTED -are made runnable. -.Ss PCSTRACE -Define a set of signals to be traced in the process. -The receipt of one of these signals by an lwp causes the lwp to stop. -The set of signals is defined using an operand -.Sy sigset_t -contained in the control message. -Receipt of -.Sy SIGKILL -cannot be traced; if specified, it is silently ignored. -.Pp -If a signal that is included in an lwp's held signal set (the signal mask) is -sent to the lwp, the signal is not received and does not cause a stop until it -is removed from the held signal set, either by the lwp itself or by setting the -held signal set with -.Sy PCSHOLD . -.Ss PCCSIG -The current signal, if any, is cleared from the specific or representative lwp. -.Ss PCSSIG -The current signal and its associated signal information for the specific or -representative lwp are set according to the contents of the operand -.Vt siginfo -structure (see -.In sys/siginfo.h ) . -If the specified signal number is zero, the current signal is cleared. -The semantics of this operation are different from those of -.Xr kill 2 -in that the signal is delivered to the lwp immediately after execution is -resumed (even if it is being blocked) and an additional -.Sy PR_SIGNALLED -stop does not intervene even if the signal is traced. -Setting the current signal to -.Sy SIGKILL -terminates the process immediately. -.Ss PCKILL -If applied to the process control file, a signal is sent to the process with -semantics identical to those of -.Xr kill 2 -If applied to an lwp control file, a directed signal is sent to the specific -lwp. -The signal is named in a -.Vt long -operand contained in the message. -Sending -.Sy SIGKILL -terminates the process immediately. -.Ss PCUNKILL -A signal is deleted, that is, it is removed from the set of pending signals. -If applied to the process control file, the signal is deleted from the process's -pending signals. -If applied to an lwp control file, the signal is deleted from -the lwp's pending signals. -The current signal (if any) is unaffected. -The signal is named in a -.Sy long -operand in the control message. -It is an error -.Pq Er EINVAL -to attempt to delete -.Sy SIGKILL . -.Ss PCSHOLD -Set the set of held signals for the specific or representative lwp (signals -whose delivery will be blocked if sent to the lwp). -The set of signals is specified with a -.Vt sigset_t -operand. -.Sy SIGKILL -and -.Sy SIGSTOP -cannot be held; if specified, they are silently ignored. -.Ss PCSFAULT -Define a set of hardware faults to be traced in the process. -On incurring one of these faults, an lwp stops. -The set is defined via the operand -.Vt fltset_t -structure. -Fault names are defined in -.In sys/fault.h -and include the following. -Some of these may not occur on all processors; there may -be processor-specific faults in addition to these. -.Bl -tag -width "FLTACCESS" -offset indent -.It Sy FLTILL -illegal instruction -.It Sy FLTPRIV -privileged instruction -.It Sy FLTBPT -breakpoint trap -.It Sy FLTTRACE -trace trap (single-step) -.It Sy FLTWATCH -watchpoint trap -.It Sy FLTACCESS -memory access fault (bus error) -.It Sy FLTBOUNDS -memory bounds violation -.It Sy FLTIOVF -integer overflow -.It Sy FLTIZDIV -integer zero divide -.It Sy FLTFPE -floating-point exception -.It Sy FLTSTACK -unrecoverable stack fault -.It Sy FLTPAGE -recoverable page fault -.El -.Pp -When not traced, a fault normally results in the posting of a signal to the lwp -that incurred the fault. -If an lwp stops on a fault, the signal is posted to -the lwp when execution is resumed unless the fault is cleared by -.Sy PCCFAULT -or by the -.Sy PRCFAULT -option of -.Sy PCRUN . -.Sy FLTPAGE -is an exception; no signal is posted. -The -.Sy pr_info -field in the -.Vt lwpstatus -structure identifies the signal to be sent and contains machine-specific -information about the fault. -.Ss PCCFAULT -The current fault, if any, is cleared; the associated signal will not be sent -to the specific or representative lwp. -.Ss PCSENTRY PCSEXIT -These control operations instruct the process's lwps to stop on entry to or -exit from specified system calls. -The set of system calls to be traced is defined via an operand -.Vt sysset_t -structure. -.Pp -When entry to a system call is being traced, an lwp stops after having begun -the call to the system but before the system call arguments have been fetched -from the lwp. -When exit from a system call is being traced, an lwp stops on completion of -the system call just prior to checking for signals and returning to user level. -At this point, all return values have been stored into the lwp's registers. -.Pp -If an lwp is stopped on entry to a system call -.Pq Sy PR_SYSENTRY -or when sleeping in an interruptible system call -.Pf ( Sy PR_ASLEEP -is set), it may be instructed to go directly to system call exit by specifying -the -.Sy PRSABORT -flag in a -.Sy PCRUN -control message. -Unless exit from the system call is being traced, the lwp returns to user -level showing -.Er EINTR . -.Ss PCWATCH -Set or clear a watched area in the controlled process from a -.Vt prwatch -structure operand: -.Bd -literal -offset 2 -typedef struct prwatch { - uintptr_t pr_vaddr; /* virtual address of watched area */ - size_t pr_size; /* size of watched area in bytes */ - int pr_wflags; /* watch type flags */ -} prwatch_t; -.Ed -.Pp -.Sy pr_vaddr -specifies the virtual address of an area of memory to be watched -in the controlled process. -.Sy pr_size -specifies the size of the area, in bytes. -.Sy pr_wflags -specifies the type of memory access to be monitored as a -bit-mask of the following flags: -.Bl -tag -width "WA_TRAPAFTER" -offset indent -.It Sy WA_READ -read access -.It Sy WA_WRITE -write access -.It Sy WA_EXEC -execution access -.It Sy WA_TRAPAFTER -trap after the instruction completes -.El -.Pp -If -.Sy pr_wflags -is non-empty, a watched area is established for the virtual -address range specified by -.Sy pr_vaddr -and -.Sy pr_size . -If -.Sy pr_wflags -is empty, any previously-established watched area starting at the specified -virtual address is cleared; -.Sy pr_size -is ignored. -.Pp -A watchpoint is triggered when an lwp in the traced process makes a memory -reference that covers at least one byte of a watched area and the memory -reference is as specified in -.Sy pr_wflags . -When an lwp triggers a watchpoint, it incurs a watchpoint trap. -If -.Sy FLTWATCH -is being traced, the lwp stops; otherwise, it is sent a -.Sy SIGTRAP -signal; if -.Sy SIGTRAP -is being traced and is not blocked, the lwp stops. -.Pp -The watchpoint trap occurs before the instruction completes unless -.Sy WA_TRAPAFTER -was specified, in which case it occurs after the instruction completes. -If it occurs before completion, the memory is not modified. -If it occurs after completion, the memory is modified (if the access is a write -access). -.Pp -Physical i/o is an exception for watchpoint traps. -In this instance, there is no guarantee that memory before the watched area -has already been modified (or in the case of -.Sy WA_TRAPAFTER , -that the memory following the watched area -has not been modified) when the watchpoint trap occurs and the lwp stops. -.Pp -.Sy pr_info -in the -.Vt lwpstatus -structure contains information pertinent to the watchpoint trap. -In particular, the -.Sy si_addr -field contains the -virtual address of the memory reference that triggered the watchpoint, and the -.Sy si_code -field contains one of -.Sy TRAP_RWATCH , -.Sy TRAP_WWATCH , -or -.Sy TRAP_XWATCH , -indicating read, write, or execute access, respectively. -The -.Sy si_trapafter -field is zero unless -.Sy WA_TRAPAFTER -is in effect for this watched area; non-zero indicates that the current -instruction is not the instruction that incurred the watchpoint trap. -The -.Sy si_pc -field contains the virtual address of the instruction that incurred the trap. -.Pp -A watchpoint trap may be triggered while executing a system call that makes -reference to the traced process's memory. -The lwp that is executing the system call incurs the watchpoint trap while -still in the system call. -If it stops as a result, the -.Vt lwpstatus -structure contains the system call number and its arguments. -If the lwp does not stop, or if it is set running again without -clearing the signal or fault, the system call fails with -.Er EFAULT . -If -.Sy WA_TRAPAFTER -was specified, the memory reference will have completed and -the memory will have been modified (if the access was a write access) when the -watchpoint trap occurs. -.Pp -If more than one of -.Sy WA_READ , -.Sy WA_WRITE , -and -.Sy WA_EXEC -is specified for a watched area, and a single instruction incurs more than one -of the specified types, only one is reported when the watchpoint trap occurs. -The precedence is -.Sy WA_EXEC , -.Sy WA_READ , -.Sy WA_WRITE -.Pf ( Sy WA_EXEC -and -.Sy WA_READ -take precedence over -.Sy WA_WRITE ) , -unless -.Sy WA_TRAPAFTER -was specified, in which case it is -.Sy WA_WRITE , -.Sy WA_READ , -.Sy WA_EXEC -.Pf ( Sy WA_WRITE -takes precedence). -.Pp -.Sy PCWATCH -fails with -.Er EINVAL -if an attempt is made to specify overlapping watched areas or if -.Sy pr_wflags -contains flags other than those specified above. -It fails with -.Er ENOMEM -if an attempt is made to establish more watched areas than the system can -support (the system can support thousands). -.Pp -The child of a -.Xr vfork 2 -borrows the parent's address space. -When a -.Xr vfork 2 -is executed by a traced process, all watched areas established -for the parent are suspended until the child terminates or performs an -.Xr exec 2 . -Any watched areas established independently in the child are -cancelled when the parent resumes after the child's termination or -.Xr exec 2 . -.Sy PCWATCH -fails with -.Er EBUSY -if applied to the parent of a -.Xr vfork 2 -before the child has terminated or performed an -.Xr exec 2 . -The -.Sy PR_VFORKP -flag is set in the -.Sy pstatus -structure for such a parent process. -.Pp -Certain accesses of the traced process's address space by the operating system -are immune to watchpoints. -The initial construction of a signal stack frame when a signal is delivered to -an lwp will not trigger a watchpoint trap even if the new frame covers watched -areas of the stack. -Once the signal handler is entered, watchpoint traps occur normally. -On SPARC based machines, register window overflow and underflow will not -trigger watchpoint traps, even if the register window save areas cover watched -areas of the stack. -.Pp -Watched areas are not inherited by child processes, even if the traced -process's inherit-on-fork mode, -.Sy PR_FORK , -is set (see -.Sy PCSET , -below). -All watched areas are cancelled when the traced process performs a successful -.Xr exec 2 . -.Ss PCSET PCUNSET -.Sy PCSET -sets one or more modes of operation for the traced process. -.Sy PCUNSET -unsets these modes. -The modes to be set or unset are specified by flags in an operand -.Sy long -in the control message: -.Bl -tag -offset left -width "PR_MSFORK" -.It Sy PR_FORK -(inherit-on-fork): When set, the process's tracing flags and its -inherit-on-fork mode are inherited by the child of a -.Xr fork 2 , -.Xr fork1 2 , -or -.Xr vfork 2 . -When unset, child processes start with all tracing flags cleared. -.It Sy PR_RLC -(run-on-last-close): When set and the last writable -.Pa /proc -file descriptor referring to the traced process or any of its lwps is closed, -all of the process's tracing flags and watched areas are cleared, any -outstanding stop directives are canceled, and if any lwps are stopped on -events of interest, they are set running as though -.Sy PCRUN -had been applied to them. -When unset, the process's tracing flags and watched areas are retained and -lwps are not set running on last close. -.It Sy PR_KLC -(kill-on-last-close): When set and the last writable -.Pa /proc -file descriptor referring to the traced process or any of its lwps is closed, -the process is terminated with -.Sy SIGKILL . -.It Sy PR_ASYNC -(asynchronous-stop): When set, a stop on an event of interest by one lwp does -not directly affect any other lwp in the process. -When unset and an lwp stops on an event of interest other than -.Sy PR_REQUESTED , -all other lwps in the process are directed to stop. -.It Sy PR_MSACCT -(microstate accounting): Microstate accounting is now continuously enabled. -This flag is deprecated and no longer has any effect upon microstate -accounting. -Applications may toggle this flag; however, microstate accounting -will remain enabled regardless. -.It Sy PR_MSFORK -(inherit microstate accounting): All processes now inherit microstate -accounting, as it is continuously enabled. -This flag has been deprecated and its use no longer has any effect upon the -behavior of microstate accounting. -.It Sy PR_BPTADJ -(breakpoint trap pc adjustment): On x86-based machines, a breakpoint trap -leaves the program counter (the -.Sy EIP ) -referring to the breakpointed instruction plus one byte. -When -.Sy PR_BPTADJ -is set, the system will adjust the program counter back to the location of the -breakpointed instruction when the lwp stops on a breakpoint. -This flag has no effect on SPARC based machines, where breakpoint traps leave -the program counter referring to the breakpointed instruction. -.It Sy PR_PTRACE -(ptrace-compatibility): When set, a stop on an event of interest by the traced -process is reported to the parent of the traced process by -.Xr wait 3C , -.Sy SIGTRAP -is sent to the traced process when it executes a successful -.Xr exec 2 , -setuid/setgid flags are not honored for execs performed by the -traced process, any exec of an object file that the traced process cannot read -fails, and the process dies when its parent dies. -This mode is deprecated; it is provided only to allow -.Xr ptrace 3C -to be implemented as a library function using -.Pa /proc . -.El -.Pp -It is an error -.Pq Er EINVAL -to specify flags other than those described above -or to apply these operations to a system process. -The current modes are reported in the -.Sy pr_flags -field of -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /status -and -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp/ Ns Em lwp Ns Pa /lwpstatus . -.Ss PCSREG -Set the general registers for the specific or representative lwp according to -the operand -.Vt prgregset_t -structure. -.Pp -On SPARC based systems, only the condition-code bits of the processor-status -register (R_PSR) of SPARC V8 (32-bit) processes can be modified by -.Sy PCSREG . -Other privileged registers cannot be modified at all. -.Pp -On x86-based systems, only certain bits of the flags register (EFL) can be -modified by -.Sy PCSREG : -these include the condition codes, direction-bit, and overflow-bit. -.Pp -.Sy PCSREG -fails with -.Er EBUSY -if the lwp is not stopped on an event of interest. -.Ss PCSVADDR -Set the address at which execution will resume for the specific or -representative lwp from the operand -.Vt long . -On SPARC based systems, both %pc and %npc are set, with %npc set to the -instruction following the virtual address. -On x86-based systems, only %eip is set. -.Sy PCSVADDR -fails with -.Er EBUSY -if the lwp is not stopped on an event of interest. -.Ss PCSFPREG -Set the floating-point registers for the specific or representative lwp -according to the operand -.Vt prfpregset_t -structure. -An error -.Pq Er EINVAL -is returned if the system does not support floating-point operations (no -floating-point hardware and the system does not emulate floating-point machine -instructions). -.Sy PCSFPREG -fails with -.Er EBUSY -if the lwp is not stopped on an event of interest. -.Ss PCSXREG -Set the extra state registers for the specific or representative lwp according -to the architecture-dependent operand -.Vt prxregset_t -structure. -An error -.Pq Er EINVAL -is returned if the system does not support extra state registers. -.Sy PCSXREG -fails with -.Er EBUSY -if the lwp is not stopped on an event of interest. -.Ss PCSASRS -Set the ancillary state registers for the specific or representative lwp -according to the SPARC V9 platform-dependent operand -.Vt asrset_t -structure. -An error -.Pq Er EINVAL -is returned if either the target process or the -controlling process is not a 64-bit SPARC V9 process. -Most of the ancillary state registers are privileged registers that cannot be -modified. -Only those that can be modified are set; all others are silently ignored. -.Sy PCSASRS -fails with -.Er EBUSY -if the lwp is not stopped on an event of interest. -.Ss PCAGENT -Create an agent lwp in the controlled process with register values from the -operand -.Vt prgregset_t -structure (see -.Sy PCSREG , -above). -The agent lwp is created in the stopped state showing -.Sy PR_REQUESTED -and with its held signal set (the signal mask) having all signals except -.Sy SIGKILL -and -.Sy SIGSTOP -blocked. -.Pp -The -.Sy PCAGENT -operation fails with -.Er EBUSY -unless the process is fully stopped via -.Pa /proc , -that is, unless all of the lwps in the process are -stopped either on events of interest or on -.Sy PR_SUSPENDED , -or are stopped on -.Sy PR_JOBCONTROL -and have been directed to stop via -.Sy PCDSTOP . -It fails with -.Er EBUSY -if an agent lwp already exists. -It fails with -.Er ENOMEM -if system resources for creating new lwps have been exhausted. -.Pp -Any -.Sy PCRUN -operation applied to the process control file or to the control -file of an lwp other than the agent lwp fails with -.Er EBUSY -as long as the agent lwp exists. -The agent lwp must be caused to terminate by executing the -.Sy SYS_lwp_exit -system call trap before the process can be restarted. -.Pp -Once the agent lwp is created, its lwp-ID can be found by reading the process -status file. -To facilitate opening the agent lwp's control and status files, -the directory name -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp/agent -is accepted for lookup operations as an invisible alias for -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp/ Ns Em lwpid , -.Em lwpid -being the lwp-ID of the agent lwp (invisible in the sense that the name -.Dq agent -does not appear in a directory listing of -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp -obtained from -.Xr ls 1 , -.Xr getdents 2 , -or -.Xr readdir 3C . -.Pp -The purpose of the agent lwp is to perform operations in the controlled process -on behalf of the controlling process: to gather information not directly -available via -.Pa /proc -files, or in general to make the process change state -in ways not directly available via -.Pa /proc -control operations. -To make use of an agent lwp, the controlling process must be capable of making -it execute system calls (specifically, the -.Sy SYS_lwp_exit -system call trap). -The register values given to the agent lwp on creation are typically the -registers of the representative lwp, so that the agent lwp can use its stack. -.Pp -If the controlling process neglects to force the agent lwp to execute the -.Sy SYS_lwp_exit -system call (due to either logic error or fatal failure on -the part of the controlling process), the agent lwp will remain in the target -process. -For purposes of being able to debug these otherwise rogue agents, -information as to the creator of the agent lwp is reflected in that lwp's -.Pa spymaster -file in -.Pa /proc . -Should the target process generate a core -dump with the agent lwp in place, this information will be available via the -.Sy NT_SPYMASTER -note in the core file (see -.Xr core 4 ) . -.Pp -The agent lwp is not allowed to execute any variation of the -.Sy SYS_fork -or -.Sy SYS_exec -system call traps. -Attempts to do so yield -.Er ENOTSUP -to the agent lwp. -.Pp -Symbolic constants for system call trap numbers like -.Sy SYS_lwp_exit -and -.Sy SYS_lwp_create -can be found in the header file -.In sys/syscall.h . -.Ss PCREAD PCWRITE -Read or write the target process's address space via a -.Vt priovec -structure operand: -.Bd -literal -offset 2 -typedef struct priovec { - void *pio_base; /* buffer in controlling process */ - size_t pio_len; /* size of read/write request in bytes */ - off_t pio_offset; /* virtual address in target process */ -} priovec_t; -.Ed -.Pp -These operations have the same effect as -.Xr pread 2 -and -.Xr pwrite 2 , -respectively, of the target process's address space file. -The difference is that more than one -.Sy PCREAD -or -.Sy PCWRITE -control operation can be -written to the control file at once, and they can be interspersed with other -control operations in a single write to the control file. -This is useful, for example, when planting many breakpoint instructions in -the process's address space, or when stepping over a breakpointed instruction. -Unlike -.Xr pread 2 -and -.Xr pwrite 2 , -no provision is made for partial reads or writes; if the -operation cannot be performed completely, it fails with -.Er EIO . -.Ss PCNICE -The traced process's -.Xr nice 2 -value is incremented by the amount in the -operand -.Vt long . -Only a process with the -.Brq Sy PRIV_PROC_PRIOCNTL -privilege asserted in its effective set can better a process's priority in this -way, but any user may lower the priority. -This operation is not meaningful for all scheduling classes. -.Ss PCSCRED -Set the target process credentials to the values contained in the -.Vt prcred_t -structure operand (see -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /cred ) . -The -effective, real, and saved user-IDs and group-IDs of the target process are -set. -The target process's supplementary groups are not changed; the -.Sy pr_ngroups -and -.Sy pr_groups -members of the structure operand are ignored. -Only the privileged processes can perform this operation; for all -others it fails with -.Er EPERM . -.Ss PCSCREDX -Operates like -.Sy PCSCRED -but also sets the supplementary groups; the length -of the data written with this control operation should be "sizeof -.Pq Vt prcred_t -+ sizeof -.Pq Vt gid_t -* (#groups - 1)". -.Ss PCSPRIV -Set the target process privilege to the values contained in the -.Vt prpriv_t -operand (see -.Pa /proc/pid/priv ) . -The effective, permitted, inheritable, and -limit sets are all changed. -Privilege flags can also be set. -The process is made privilege aware unless it can relinquish privilege awareness. -See -.Xr privileges 5 . -.Pp -The limit set of the target process cannot be grown. -The other privilege sets must be subsets of the intersection of the effective set -of the calling process with the new limit set of the target process or subsets of -the original values of the sets in the target process. -.Pp -If any of the above restrictions are not met, -.Er EPERM -is returned. -If the structure written is improperly formatted, -.Er EINVAL -is returned. -.Sh PROGRAMMING NOTES -For security reasons, except for the -.Sy psinfo , -.Sy usage , -.Sy lpsinfo , -.Sy lusage , -.Sy lwpsinfo , -and -.Sy lwpusage -files, which are world-readable, and except for privileged processes, an open -of a -.Pa /proc -file fails unless both the user-ID and group-ID of the caller match those of -the traced process and the process's object file is readable by the caller. -The effective set of the caller is a superset of both the inheritable and the -permitted set of the target process. -The limit set of the caller is a superset of the limit set of the target -process. -Except for the world-readable files just mentioned, files corresponding to -setuid and setgid processes can be opened only by the appropriately privileged -process. -.Pp -A process that is missing the basic privilege -.Brq Sy PRIV_PROC_INFO -cannot see any processes under -.Pa /proc -that it cannot send a signal to. -.Pp -A process that has -.Brq Sy PRIV_PROC_OWNER -asserted in its effective set can open any file for reading. -To manipulate or control a process, the controlling process must have at least -as many privileges in its effective set as the target process has in its -effective, inheritable, and permitted sets. -The limit set of the controlling process must be a superset of the limit set -of the target process. -Additional restrictions apply if any of the uids of the target process are 0. -See -.Xr privileges 5 . -.Pp -Even if held by a privileged process, an open process or lwp file descriptor -(other than file descriptors for the world-readable files) becomes invalid if -the traced process performs an -.Xr exec 2 -of a setuid/setgid object file or -an object file that the traced process cannot read. -Any operation performed on an invalid file descriptor, except -.Xr close 2 , -fails with -.Er EAGAIN . -In this situation, if any tracing flags are set and the process or any lwp -file descriptor is open for writing, the process will have been directed to -stop and its run-on-last-close flag will have been set (see -.Sx PCSET ) . -This enables a controlling process (if it has permission) to reopen the -.Pa /proc -files to get new valid file descriptors, close the invalid file descriptors, -unset the run-on-last-close flag (if desired), and proceed. -Just closing the invalid file descriptors causes the traced process to resume -execution with all tracing flags cleared. -Any process not currently open for writing via -.Pa /proc , -but that has left-over tracing flags from a previous open, and that executes -a setuid/setgid or unreadable object file, will not be stopped but will have -all its tracing flags cleared. -.Pp -To wait for one or more of a set of processes or lwps to stop or terminate, -.Pa /proc -file descriptors (other than those obtained by opening the -.Pa cwd -or -.Pa root -directories or by opening files in the -.Pa fd -or -.Pa object -directories) can be used in a -.Xr poll 2 -system call. -When requested and returned, either of the polling events -.Sy POLLPRI -or -.Sy POLLWRNORM -indicates that the process or lwp stopped on an event of -interest. -Although they cannot be requested, the polling events -.Sy POLLHUP , -.Sy POLLERR , -and -.Sy POLLNVAL -may be returned. -.Sy POLLHUP -indicates that the process or lwp has terminated. -.Sy POLLERR -indicates that the file descriptor has become invalid. -.Sy POLLNVAL -is returned immediately if -.Sy POLLPRI -or -.Sy POLLWRNORM -is requested on a file descriptor referring to a system process (see -.Sx PCSTOP ) . -The requested events may be empty to wait simply for termination. -.Sh FILES -.Bl -tag -compact -width Ds -.It Pa /proc -directory (list of processes) -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid -specific process directory -.It Pa /proc/self -alias for a process's own directory -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /as -address space file -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /ctl -process control file -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /status -process status -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lstatus -array of lwp status structs -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /psinfo -process -.Xr ps 1 -info -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lpsinfo -array of lwp -.Xr ps 1 -info structs -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /map -address space map -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /xmap -extended address space map -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /rmap -reserved address map -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /cred -process credentials -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /priv -process privileges -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /sigact -process signal actions -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /auxv -process aux vector -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /ldt -process -.Sy LDT -(x86 only) -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /usage -process usage -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lusage -array of lwp usage structs -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /path -symbolic links to process open files -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /pagedata -process page data -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /watch -active watchpoints -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /cwd -alias for the current working directory -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /root -alias for the root directory -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /fd -directory (list of open files) -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /fd/* -aliases for process's open files -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /object -directory (list of mapped files) -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /object/a.out -alias for process's executable file -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /object/* -aliases for other mapped files -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp -directory (list of lwps) -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp/ Ns Em lwpid -specific lwp directory -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp/agent -alias for the agent lwp directory -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp/ Ns Em lwpid Ns Pa /lwpctl -lwp control file -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp/ Ns Em lwpid Ns Pa /lwpstatus -lwp status -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp/ Ns Em lwpid Ns Pa /lwpsinfo -lwp -.Xr ps 1 -info -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp/ Ns Em lwpid Ns Pa /lwpusage -lwp usage -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp/ Ns Em lwpid Ns Pa /gwindows -register windows (SPARC only) -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp/ Ns Em lwpid Ns Pa /xregs -extra state registers -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp/ Ns Em lwpid Ns Pa /asrs -ancillary state registers (SPARC V9 only) -.It Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /lwp/ Ns Em lwpid Ns Pa /spymaster -For an agent LWP, the controlling process -.El -.Sh DIAGNOSTICS -Errors that can occur in addition to the errors normally associated with file -system access: -.Bl -tag -width "EOVERFLOW" -offset left -.It Er E2BIG -Data to be returned in a -.Xr read 2 -of the page data file exceeds the size of the read buffer provided by the -caller. -.It Er EACCES -An attempt was made to examine a process that ran under a different uid than -the controlling process and -.Brq Sy PRIV_PROC_OWNER -was not asserted in the effective set. -.It Er EAGAIN -The traced process has performed an -.Xr exec 2 -of a setuid/setgid object -file or of an object file that it cannot read; all further operations on the -process or lwp file descriptor (except -.Xr close 2 ) -elicit this error. -.It Er EBUSY -.Sy PCSTOP , -.Sy PCDSTOP , -.Sy PCWSTOP , or -.Sy PCTWSTOP -was applied to a system process; an exclusive -.Xr open 2 -was attempted on a -.Pa /proc -file for a process already open for writing; -.Sy PCRUN , -.Sy PCSREG , -.Sy PCSVADDR , -.Sy PCSFPREG , -or -.Sy PCSXREG -was applied to a process or -lwp not stopped on an event of interest; an attempt was made to mount -.Pa /proc -when it was already mounted; -.Sy PCAGENT -was applied to a process -that was not fully stopped or that already had an agent lwp. -.It Er EINVAL -In general, this means that some invalid argument was supplied to a system -call. -A non-exhaustive list of conditions eliciting this error includes: a -control message operation code is undefined; an out-of-range signal number was -specified with -.Sy PCSSIG , -.Sy PCKILL , -or -.Sy PCUNKILL ; -.Sy SIGKILL -was specified with -.Sy PCUNKILL ; -.Sy PCSFPREG -was applied on a system that does not support floating-point operations; -.Sy PCSXREG -was applied on a system that does not support extra state registers. -.It Er EINTR -A signal was received by the controlling process while waiting for the traced -process or lwp to stop via -.Sy PCSTOP , -.Sy PCWSTOP , -or -.Sy PCTWSTOP . -.It Er EIO -A -.Xr write 2 -was attempted at an illegal address in the traced process. -.It Er ENOENT -The traced process or lwp has terminated after being opened. -The basic privilege -.Brq Sy PRIV_PROC_INFO -is not asserted in the effective set of the calling process and the calling -process cannot send a signal to the target process. -.It Er ENOMEM -The system-imposed limit on the number of page data file descriptors was -reached on an open of -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /pagedata ; -an attempt was made -with -.Sy PCWATCH -to establish more watched areas than the system can support; -the -.Sy PCAGENT -operation was issued when the system was out of resources for -creating lwps. -.It Er ENOSYS -An attempt was made to perform an unsupported operation (such as -.Xr creat 2 , -.Xr link 2 , -or -.Xr unlink 2 ) -on an entry in -.Pa /proc . -.It Er EOVERFLOW -A 32-bit controlling process attempted to read or write the -.Pa as -file or attempted to read the -.Pa map , -.Pa rmap , -or -.Pa pagedata -file of a 64-bit target process. -A 32-bit controlling process attempted to apply one of the -control operations -.Sy PCSREG , -.Sy PCSXREG , -.Sy PCSVADDR , -.Sy PCWATCH , -.Sy PCAGENT , -.Sy PCREAD , -.Sy PCWRITE -to a 64-bit target process. -.It Er EPERM -The process that issued the -.Sy PCSCRED -or -.Sy PCSCREDX -operation did not have the -.Brq Sy PRIV_PROC_SETID -privilege asserted in its effective set, or -the process that issued the -.Sy PCNICE -operation did not have the -.Brq Sy PRIV_PROC_PRIOCNTL -in its effective set. -.Pp -An attempt was made to control a process of which the E, P, and I privilege -sets were not a subset of the effective set of the controlling process or the -limit set of the controlling process is not a superset of limit set of the -controlled process. -.Pp -Any of the uids of the target process are -.Sy 0 -or an attempt was made to change any of the uids to -.Sy 0 -using -.Sy PCSCRED -and the security policy imposed additional restrictions. -See -.Xr privileges 5 . -.El -.Sh SEE ALSO -.Xr ls 1 , -.Xr ps 1 , -.Xr chroot 1M , -.Xr alarm 2 , -.Xr brk 2 , -.Xr chdir 2 , -.Xr chroot 2 , -.Xr close 2 , -.Xr creat 2 , -.Xr dup 2 , -.Xr exec 2 , -.Xr fcntl 2 , -.Xr fork 2 , -.Xr fork1 2 , -.Xr fstat 2 , -.Xr getdents 2 , -.Xr getustack 2 , -.Xr kill 2 , -.Xr lseek 2 , -.Xr mmap 2 , -.Xr nice 2 , -.Xr open 2 , -.Xr poll 2 , -.Xr pread 2 , -.Xr pwrite 2 , -.Xr read 2 , -.Xr readlink 2 , -.Xr readv 2 , -.Xr shmget 2 , -.Xr sigaction 2 , -.Xr sigaltstack 2 , -.Xr vfork 2 , -.Xr write 2 , -.Xr writev 2 , -.Xr _stack_grow 3C , -.Xr pthread_create 3C , -.Xr pthread_join 3C , -.Xr ptrace 3C , -.Xr readdir 3C , -.Xr thr_create 3C , -.Xr thr_join 3C , -.Xr wait 3C , -.Xr siginfo.h 3HEAD , -.Xr signal.h 3HEAD , -.Xr types32.h 3HEAD , -.Xr ucontext.h 3HEAD , -.Xr contract 4 , -.Xr core 4 , -.Xr process 4 , -.Xr lfcompile 5 , -.Xr privileges 5 , -.Xr security-flags 5 -.Sh NOTES -Descriptions of structures in this document include only interesting structure -elements, not filler and padding fields, and may show elements out of order for -descriptive clarity. -The actual structure definitions are contained in -.In procfs.h . -.Sh BUGS -Because the old -.Xr ioctl 2 Ns -based -version of -.Pa /proc -is currently supported for binary compatibility with old applications, the -top-level directory for a process, -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid , -is not world-readable, but it is world-searchable. -Thus, anyone can open -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid Ns Pa /psinfo -even though -.Xr ls 1 -applied to -.Pa /proc/ Ns Em pid -will fail for anyone but the owner or an appropriately privileged process. -Support for the old -.Xr ioctl 2 Ns -based -version of -.Pa /proc -will be dropped in a future release, at which time the top-level directory for -a process will be made world-readable. -.Pp -On SPARC based machines, the types -.Sy gregset_t -and -.Sy fpregset_t -defined in -.In sys/regset.h -are similar to but not the same as the types -.Sy prgregset_t -and -.Sy prfpregset_t -defined in -.In procfs.h . |