summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/usr/src/uts/intel/io/viona/viona_ring.c
blob: 9339f805d4d0f473ac07d729872e97ec07f83650 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2013  Chris Torek <torek @ torek net>
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
/*
 * This file and its contents are supplied under the terms of the
 * Common Development and Distribution License ("CDDL"), version 1.0.
 * You may only use this file in accordance with the terms of version
 * 1.0 of the CDDL.
 *
 * A full copy of the text of the CDDL should have accompanied this
 * source.  A copy of the CDDL is also available via the Internet at
 * http://www.illumos.org/license/CDDL.
 *
 * Copyright 2015 Pluribus Networks Inc.
 * Copyright 2019 Joyent, Inc.
 * Copyright 2022 Oxide Computer Company
 */


#include <sys/disp.h>

#include "viona_impl.h"

#define	VRING_MAX_LEN		32768

/* Layout and sizing as defined in the spec for a legacy-style virtqueue */

#define	LEGACY_VQ_ALIGN		PAGESIZE

#define	LEGACY_DESC_SZ(qsz)	((qsz) * sizeof (struct virtio_desc))
/*
 * Available ring consists of avail_idx (uint16_t), flags (uint16_t), qsz avail
 * descriptors (uint16_t each), and (optional) used_event (uint16_t).
 */
#define	LEGACY_AVAIL_SZ(qsz)	(((qsz) + 3) * sizeof (uint16_t))
/*
 * Used ring consists of used_idx (uint16_t), flags (uint16_t), qsz used
 * descriptors (two uint32_t each), and (optional) avail_event (uint16_t).
 */
#define	LEGACY_USED_SZ(qsz)	\
	((qsz) * sizeof (struct virtio_used) + 3 * sizeof (uint16_t))

#define	LEGACY_AVAIL_FLAGS_OFF(qsz)	LEGACY_DESC_SZ(qsz)
#define	LEGACY_AVAIL_IDX_OFF(qsz)	\
	(LEGACY_DESC_SZ(qsz) + sizeof (uint16_t))
#define	LEGACY_AVAIL_ENT_OFF(qsz, idx)	\
	(LEGACY_DESC_SZ(qsz) + (2 + (idx)) * sizeof (uint16_t))

#define	LEGACY_USED_FLAGS_OFF(qsz)	\
	P2ROUNDUP(LEGACY_DESC_SZ(qsz) + LEGACY_AVAIL_SZ(qsz), LEGACY_VQ_ALIGN)
#define	LEGACY_USED_IDX_OFF(qsz)	\
	(LEGACY_USED_FLAGS_OFF(qsz) + sizeof (uint16_t))
#define	LEGACY_USED_ENT_OFF(qsz, idx)	\
	(LEGACY_USED_FLAGS_OFF(qsz) + 2 * sizeof (uint16_t) + \
	(idx) * sizeof (struct virtio_used))

#define	LEGACY_VQ_SIZE(qsz)	\
	(LEGACY_USED_FLAGS_OFF(qsz) + \
	P2ROUNDUP(LEGACY_USED_SZ(qsz), LEGACY_VQ_ALIGN))
#define	LEGACY_VQ_PAGES(qsz)	(LEGACY_VQ_SIZE(qsz) / PAGESIZE)

struct vq_held_region {
	struct iovec	*vhr_iov;
	vmm_page_t	*vhr_head;
	vmm_page_t	*vhr_tail;
	/* Length of iovec array supplied in `vhr_iov` */
	uint_t		vhr_niov;
	/*
	 * Index into vhr_iov, indicating the next "free" entry (following the
	 * last entry which has valid contents).
	 */
	uint_t		vhr_idx;
};
typedef struct vq_held_region vq_held_region_t;

static boolean_t viona_ring_map(viona_vring_t *);
static void viona_ring_unmap(viona_vring_t *);
static kthread_t *viona_create_worker(viona_vring_t *);

static vmm_page_t *
vq_page_hold(viona_vring_t *ring, uint64_t gpa, bool writable)
{
	ASSERT3P(ring->vr_lease, !=, NULL);

	int prot = PROT_READ;
	if (writable) {
		prot |= PROT_WRITE;
	}

	return (vmm_drv_page_hold(ring->vr_lease, gpa, prot));
}

/*
 * Establish a hold on the page(s) which back the region of guest memory covered
 * by [gpa, gpa + len).  The host-kernel-virtual pointers to those pages are
 * stored in the iovec array supplied in `region`, along with the chain of
 * vmm_page_t entries representing the held pages.  Since guest memory
 * carries no guarantees of being physically contiguous (on the host), it is
 * assumed that an iovec entry will be required for each PAGESIZE section
 * covered by the specified `gpa` and `len` range.  For each iovec entry
 * successfully populated by holding a page, `vhr_idx` will be incremented so it
 * references the next available iovec entry (or `vhr_niov`, if the iovec array
 * is full).  The responsibility for releasing the `vmm_page_t` chain (stored in
 * `vhr_head` and `vhr_tail`) resides with the caller, regardless of the result.
 */
static int
vq_region_hold(viona_vring_t *ring, uint64_t gpa, uint32_t len,
    bool writable, vq_held_region_t *region)
{
	const uint32_t front_offset = gpa & PAGEOFFSET;
	const uint32_t front_len = MIN(len, PAGESIZE - front_offset);
	uint_t pages = 1;
	vmm_page_t *vmp;
	caddr_t buf;

	ASSERT3U(region->vhr_idx, <, region->vhr_niov);

	if (front_len < len) {
		pages += P2ROUNDUP((uint64_t)(len - front_len),
		    PAGESIZE) / PAGESIZE;
	}
	if (pages > (region->vhr_niov - region->vhr_idx)) {
		return (E2BIG);
	}

	vmp = vq_page_hold(ring, gpa & PAGEMASK, writable);
	if (vmp == NULL) {
		return (EFAULT);
	}
	buf = (caddr_t)vmm_drv_page_readable(vmp);

	region->vhr_iov[region->vhr_idx].iov_base = buf + front_offset;
	region->vhr_iov[region->vhr_idx].iov_len = front_len;
	region->vhr_idx++;
	gpa += front_len;
	len -= front_len;
	if (region->vhr_head == NULL) {
		region->vhr_head = vmp;
		region->vhr_tail = vmp;
	} else {
		vmm_drv_page_chain(region->vhr_tail, vmp);
		region->vhr_tail = vmp;
	}

	for (uint_t i = 1; i < pages; i++) {
		ASSERT3U(gpa & PAGEOFFSET, ==, 0);

		vmp = vq_page_hold(ring, gpa, writable);
		if (vmp == NULL) {
			return (EFAULT);
		}
		buf = (caddr_t)vmm_drv_page_readable(vmp);

		const uint32_t chunk_len = MIN(len, PAGESIZE);
		region->vhr_iov[region->vhr_idx].iov_base = buf;
		region->vhr_iov[region->vhr_idx].iov_len = chunk_len;
		region->vhr_idx++;
		gpa += chunk_len;
		len -= chunk_len;
		vmm_drv_page_chain(region->vhr_tail, vmp);
		region->vhr_tail = vmp;
	}

	return (0);
}

static boolean_t
viona_ring_lease_expire_cb(void *arg)
{
	viona_vring_t *ring = arg;

	mutex_enter(&ring->vr_lock);
	cv_broadcast(&ring->vr_cv);
	mutex_exit(&ring->vr_lock);

	/* The lease will be broken asynchronously. */
	return (B_FALSE);
}

static void
viona_ring_lease_drop(viona_vring_t *ring)
{
	ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&ring->vr_lock));

	if (ring->vr_lease != NULL) {
		vmm_hold_t *hold = ring->vr_link->l_vm_hold;

		ASSERT(hold != NULL);

		/*
		 * Without an active lease, the ring mappings cannot be
		 * considered valid.
		 */
		viona_ring_unmap(ring);

		vmm_drv_lease_break(hold, ring->vr_lease);
		ring->vr_lease = NULL;
	}
}

boolean_t
viona_ring_lease_renew(viona_vring_t *ring)
{
	vmm_hold_t *hold = ring->vr_link->l_vm_hold;

	ASSERT(hold != NULL);
	ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&ring->vr_lock));

	viona_ring_lease_drop(ring);

	/*
	 * Lease renewal will fail if the VM has requested that all holds be
	 * cleaned up.
	 */
	ring->vr_lease = vmm_drv_lease_sign(hold, viona_ring_lease_expire_cb,
	    ring);
	if (ring->vr_lease != NULL) {
		/* A ring undergoing renewal will need valid guest mappings */
		if (ring->vr_pa != 0 && ring->vr_size != 0) {
			/*
			 * If new mappings cannot be established, consider the
			 * lease renewal a failure.
			 */
			if (!viona_ring_map(ring)) {
				viona_ring_lease_drop(ring);
				return (B_FALSE);
			}
		}
	}
	return (ring->vr_lease != NULL);
}

void
viona_ring_alloc(viona_link_t *link, viona_vring_t *ring)
{
	ring->vr_link = link;
	mutex_init(&ring->vr_lock, NULL, MUTEX_DRIVER, NULL);
	cv_init(&ring->vr_cv, NULL, CV_DRIVER, NULL);
	mutex_init(&ring->vr_a_mutex, NULL, MUTEX_DRIVER, NULL);
	mutex_init(&ring->vr_u_mutex, NULL, MUTEX_DRIVER, NULL);
}

static void
viona_ring_misc_free(viona_vring_t *ring)
{
	const uint_t qsz = ring->vr_size;

	viona_tx_ring_free(ring, qsz);
}

void
viona_ring_free(viona_vring_t *ring)
{
	mutex_destroy(&ring->vr_lock);
	cv_destroy(&ring->vr_cv);
	mutex_destroy(&ring->vr_a_mutex);
	mutex_destroy(&ring->vr_u_mutex);
	ring->vr_link = NULL;
}

int
viona_ring_init(viona_link_t *link, uint16_t idx,
    const struct viona_ring_params *params)
{
	viona_vring_t *ring;
	kthread_t *t;
	int err = 0;
	const uint16_t qsz = params->vrp_size;
	const uint64_t pa = params->vrp_pa;

	if (idx >= VIONA_VQ_MAX) {
		return (EINVAL);
	}

	if (qsz == 0 || qsz > VRING_MAX_LEN || (1 << (ffs(qsz) - 1)) != qsz) {
		return (EINVAL);
	}
	if ((pa & (LEGACY_VQ_ALIGN - 1)) != 0) {
		return (EINVAL);
	}

	ring = &link->l_vrings[idx];
	mutex_enter(&ring->vr_lock);
	if (ring->vr_state != VRS_RESET) {
		mutex_exit(&ring->vr_lock);
		return (EBUSY);
	}
	VERIFY(ring->vr_state_flags == 0);

	ring->vr_lease = NULL;
	if (!viona_ring_lease_renew(ring)) {
		err = EBUSY;
		goto fail;
	}

	ring->vr_size = qsz;
	ring->vr_mask = (ring->vr_size - 1);
	ring->vr_pa = pa;
	if (!viona_ring_map(ring)) {
		err = EINVAL;
		goto fail;
	}

	/* Initialize queue indexes */
	ring->vr_cur_aidx = params->vrp_avail_idx;
	ring->vr_cur_uidx = params->vrp_used_idx;

	if (idx == VIONA_VQ_TX) {
		viona_tx_ring_alloc(ring, qsz);
	}

	/* Zero out MSI-X configuration */
	ring->vr_msi_addr = 0;
	ring->vr_msi_msg = 0;

	/* Clear the stats */
	bzero(&ring->vr_stats, sizeof (ring->vr_stats));

	t = viona_create_worker(ring);
	if (t == NULL) {
		err = ENOMEM;
		goto fail;
	}
	ring->vr_worker_thread = t;
	ring->vr_state = VRS_SETUP;
	cv_broadcast(&ring->vr_cv);
	mutex_exit(&ring->vr_lock);
	return (0);

fail:
	viona_ring_lease_drop(ring);
	viona_ring_misc_free(ring);
	ring->vr_size = 0;
	ring->vr_mask = 0;
	ring->vr_pa = 0;
	ring->vr_cur_aidx = 0;
	ring->vr_cur_uidx = 0;
	mutex_exit(&ring->vr_lock);
	return (err);
}

int
viona_ring_get_state(viona_link_t *link, uint16_t idx,
    struct viona_ring_params *params)
{
	viona_vring_t *ring;

	if (idx >= VIONA_VQ_MAX) {
		return (EINVAL);
	}

	ring = &link->l_vrings[idx];
	mutex_enter(&ring->vr_lock);

	params->vrp_size = ring->vr_size;
	params->vrp_pa = ring->vr_pa;

	if (ring->vr_state == VRS_RUN) {
		/* On a running ring, we must heed the avail/used locks */
		mutex_enter(&ring->vr_a_mutex);
		params->vrp_avail_idx = ring->vr_cur_aidx;
		mutex_exit(&ring->vr_a_mutex);
		mutex_enter(&ring->vr_u_mutex);
		params->vrp_used_idx = ring->vr_cur_uidx;
		mutex_exit(&ring->vr_u_mutex);
	} else {
		/* Otherwise vr_lock is adequate protection */
		params->vrp_avail_idx = ring->vr_cur_aidx;
		params->vrp_used_idx = ring->vr_cur_uidx;
	}

	mutex_exit(&ring->vr_lock);

	return (0);
}

int
viona_ring_reset(viona_vring_t *ring, boolean_t heed_signals)
{
	mutex_enter(&ring->vr_lock);
	if (ring->vr_state == VRS_RESET) {
		mutex_exit(&ring->vr_lock);
		return (0);
	}

	if ((ring->vr_state_flags & VRSF_REQ_STOP) == 0) {
		ring->vr_state_flags |= VRSF_REQ_STOP;
		cv_broadcast(&ring->vr_cv);
	}
	while (ring->vr_state != VRS_RESET) {
		if (!heed_signals) {
			cv_wait(&ring->vr_cv, &ring->vr_lock);
		} else {
			int rs;

			rs = cv_wait_sig(&ring->vr_cv, &ring->vr_lock);
			if (rs <= 0 && ring->vr_state != VRS_RESET) {
				mutex_exit(&ring->vr_lock);
				return (EINTR);
			}
		}
	}
	mutex_exit(&ring->vr_lock);
	return (0);
}

static boolean_t
viona_ring_map(viona_vring_t *ring)
{
	const uint16_t qsz = ring->vr_size;
	uintptr_t pa = ring->vr_pa;

	ASSERT3U(qsz, !=, 0);
	ASSERT3U(qsz, <=, VRING_MAX_LEN);
	ASSERT3U(pa, !=, 0);
	ASSERT3U(pa & (LEGACY_VQ_ALIGN - 1), ==, 0);
	ASSERT3U(LEGACY_VQ_ALIGN, ==, PAGESIZE);
	ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&ring->vr_lock));
	ASSERT3P(ring->vr_map_pages, ==, NULL);

	const uint_t npages = LEGACY_VQ_PAGES(qsz);
	ring->vr_map_pages = kmem_zalloc(npages * sizeof (void *), KM_SLEEP);

	vmm_page_t *prev = NULL;

	for (uint_t i = 0; i < npages; i++, pa += PAGESIZE) {
		vmm_page_t *vmp;

		vmp = vq_page_hold(ring, pa, true);
		if (vmp == NULL) {
			viona_ring_unmap(ring);
			return (B_FALSE);
		}

		/*
		 * Keep the first page has the head of the chain, appending all
		 * subsequent pages to the tail.
		 */
		if (prev == NULL) {
			ring->vr_map_hold = vmp;
		} else {
			vmm_drv_page_chain(prev, vmp);
		}
		prev = vmp;
		ring->vr_map_pages[i] = vmm_drv_page_writable(vmp);
	}

	return (B_TRUE);
}

static void
viona_ring_unmap(viona_vring_t *ring)
{
	ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&ring->vr_lock));

	void **map = ring->vr_map_pages;
	if (map != NULL) {
		const uint_t npages = LEGACY_VQ_PAGES(ring->vr_size);
		kmem_free(map, npages * sizeof (void *));
		ring->vr_map_pages = NULL;

		vmm_drv_page_release_chain(ring->vr_map_hold);
		ring->vr_map_hold = NULL;
	} else {
		ASSERT3P(ring->vr_map_hold, ==, NULL);
	}
}

static inline void *
viona_ring_addr(viona_vring_t *ring, uint_t off)
{
	ASSERT3P(ring->vr_map_pages, !=, NULL);
	ASSERT3U(LEGACY_VQ_SIZE(ring->vr_size), >, off);

	const uint_t page_num = off / PAGESIZE;
	const uint_t page_off = off % PAGESIZE;
	return ((caddr_t)ring->vr_map_pages[page_num] + page_off);
}

void
viona_intr_ring(viona_vring_t *ring, boolean_t skip_flags_check)
{
	if (!skip_flags_check) {
		volatile uint16_t *avail_flags = viona_ring_addr(ring,
		    LEGACY_AVAIL_FLAGS_OFF(ring->vr_size));

		if ((*avail_flags & VRING_AVAIL_F_NO_INTERRUPT) != 0) {
			return;
		}
	}

	mutex_enter(&ring->vr_lock);
	uint64_t addr = ring->vr_msi_addr;
	uint64_t msg = ring->vr_msi_msg;
	mutex_exit(&ring->vr_lock);
	if (addr != 0) {
		/* Deliver the interrupt directly, if so configured... */
		(void) vmm_drv_msi(ring->vr_lease, addr, msg);
	} else {
		/* ... otherwise, leave it to userspace */
		if (atomic_cas_uint(&ring->vr_intr_enabled, 0, 1) == 0) {
			pollwakeup(&ring->vr_link->l_pollhead, POLLRDBAND);
		}
	}
}

static inline bool
vring_stop_req(const viona_vring_t *ring)
{
	return ((ring->vr_state_flags & VRSF_REQ_STOP) != 0);
}

static inline bool
vring_pause_req(const viona_vring_t *ring)
{
	return ((ring->vr_state_flags & VRSF_REQ_PAUSE) != 0);
}

static inline bool
vring_start_req(const viona_vring_t *ring)
{
	return ((ring->vr_state_flags & VRSF_REQ_START) != 0);
}

/*
 * Check if vring worker thread should bail out.  This will heed indications
 * that the containing process is exiting, as well as requests to stop or pause
 * the ring.  The `stop_only` parameter controls if pause requests are ignored
 * (true) or checked (false).
 *
 * Caller should hold vr_lock.
 */
static bool
vring_need_bail_ext(const viona_vring_t *ring, bool stop_only)
{
	ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&ring->vr_lock));

	if (vring_stop_req(ring) ||
	    (!stop_only && vring_pause_req(ring))) {
		return (true);
	}

	kthread_t *t = ring->vr_worker_thread;
	if (t != NULL) {
		proc_t *p = ttoproc(t);

		ASSERT(p != NULL);
		if ((p->p_flag & SEXITING) != 0) {
			return (true);
		}
	}
	return (false);
}

bool
vring_need_bail(const viona_vring_t *ring)
{
	return (vring_need_bail_ext(ring, false));
}

int
viona_ring_pause(viona_vring_t *ring)
{
	mutex_enter(&ring->vr_lock);
	switch (ring->vr_state) {
	case VRS_RESET:
	case VRS_SETUP:
	case VRS_INIT:
		/*
		 * For rings which have not yet started (even those in the
		 * VRS_SETUP and VRS_INIT phases, where there a running worker
		 * thread (waiting to be released to do its intended task), it
		 * is adequate to simply clear any start request, to keep them
		 * from proceeding into the actual work processing function.
		 */
		ring->vr_state_flags &= ~VRSF_REQ_START;
		mutex_exit(&ring->vr_lock);
		return (0);

	case VRS_STOP:
		if ((ring->vr_state_flags & VRSF_REQ_STOP) != 0) {
			/* A ring on its way to RESET cannot be paused. */
			mutex_exit(&ring->vr_lock);
			return (EBUSY);
		}
		/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case VRS_RUN:
		ring->vr_state_flags |= VRSF_REQ_PAUSE;
		cv_broadcast(&ring->vr_cv);
		break;

	default:
		panic("invalid ring state %d", ring->vr_state);
		break;
	}

	for (;;) {
		int res = cv_wait_sig(&ring->vr_cv, &ring->vr_lock);

		if (ring->vr_state == VRS_INIT ||
		    (ring->vr_state_flags & VRSF_REQ_PAUSE) == 0) {
			/* Ring made it to (or through) paused state */
			mutex_exit(&ring->vr_lock);
			return (0);
		}
		if (res == 0) {
			/* interrupted by signal */
			mutex_exit(&ring->vr_lock);
			return (EINTR);
		}
	}
	/* NOTREACHED */
}

static void
viona_worker(void *arg)
{
	viona_vring_t *ring = (viona_vring_t *)arg;
	viona_link_t *link = ring->vr_link;

	mutex_enter(&ring->vr_lock);
	VERIFY3U(ring->vr_state, ==, VRS_SETUP);

	/* Bail immediately if ring shutdown or process exit was requested */
	if (vring_need_bail_ext(ring, true)) {
		goto ring_reset;
	}

	/* Report worker thread as alive and notify creator */
ring_init:
	ring->vr_state = VRS_INIT;
	cv_broadcast(&ring->vr_cv);

	while (!vring_start_req(ring)) {
		/*
		 * Keeping lease renewals timely while waiting for the ring to
		 * be started is important for avoiding deadlocks.
		 */
		if (vmm_drv_lease_expired(ring->vr_lease)) {
			if (!viona_ring_lease_renew(ring)) {
				goto ring_reset;
			}
		}

		(void) cv_wait_sig(&ring->vr_cv, &ring->vr_lock);

		if (vring_pause_req(ring)) {
			/* We are already paused in the INIT state. */
			ring->vr_state_flags &= ~VRSF_REQ_PAUSE;
		}
		if (vring_need_bail_ext(ring, true)) {
			goto ring_reset;
		}
	}

	ASSERT((ring->vr_state_flags & VRSF_REQ_START) != 0);
	ring->vr_state = VRS_RUN;
	ring->vr_state_flags &= ~VRSF_REQ_START;

	/* Ensure ring lease is valid first */
	if (vmm_drv_lease_expired(ring->vr_lease)) {
		if (!viona_ring_lease_renew(ring)) {
			goto ring_reset;
		}
	}

	/* Process actual work */
	if (ring == &link->l_vrings[VIONA_VQ_RX]) {
		viona_worker_rx(ring, link);
	} else if (ring == &link->l_vrings[VIONA_VQ_TX]) {
		viona_worker_tx(ring, link);
	} else {
		panic("unexpected ring: %p", (void *)ring);
	}

	VERIFY3U(ring->vr_state, ==, VRS_STOP);
	VERIFY3U(ring->vr_xfer_outstanding, ==, 0);

	/* Respond to a pause request if the ring is not required to stop */
	if (vring_pause_req(ring)) {
		ring->vr_state_flags &= ~VRSF_REQ_PAUSE;

		if (!vring_need_bail_ext(ring, true)) {
			goto ring_init;
		}
	}

ring_reset:
	viona_ring_misc_free(ring);

	viona_ring_lease_drop(ring);
	ring->vr_cur_aidx = 0;
	ring->vr_size = 0;
	ring->vr_mask = 0;
	ring->vr_pa = 0;
	ring->vr_state = VRS_RESET;
	ring->vr_state_flags = 0;
	ring->vr_worker_thread = NULL;
	cv_broadcast(&ring->vr_cv);
	mutex_exit(&ring->vr_lock);

	mutex_enter(&ttoproc(curthread)->p_lock);
	lwp_exit();
}

static kthread_t *
viona_create_worker(viona_vring_t *ring)
{
	k_sigset_t hold_set;
	proc_t *p = curproc;
	kthread_t *t;
	klwp_t *lwp;

	ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&ring->vr_lock));
	ASSERT(ring->vr_state == VRS_RESET);

	sigfillset(&hold_set);
	lwp = lwp_create(viona_worker, (void *)ring, 0, p, TS_STOPPED,
	    minclsyspri - 1, &hold_set, curthread->t_cid, 0);
	if (lwp == NULL) {
		return (NULL);
	}

	t = lwptot(lwp);
	mutex_enter(&p->p_lock);
	t->t_proc_flag = (t->t_proc_flag & ~TP_HOLDLWP) | TP_KTHREAD;
	lwp_create_done(t);
	mutex_exit(&p->p_lock);

	return (t);
}

void
vq_read_desc(viona_vring_t *ring, uint16_t idx, struct virtio_desc *descp)
{
	const uint_t entry_off = idx * sizeof (struct virtio_desc);

	ASSERT3U(idx, <, ring->vr_size);

	bcopy(viona_ring_addr(ring, entry_off), descp, sizeof (*descp));
}

static uint16_t
vq_read_avail(viona_vring_t *ring, uint16_t idx)
{
	ASSERT3U(idx, <, ring->vr_size);

	volatile uint16_t *avail_ent =
	    viona_ring_addr(ring, LEGACY_AVAIL_ENT_OFF(ring->vr_size, idx));
	return (*avail_ent);
}

/*
 * Given a buffer descriptor `desc`, attempt to map the pages backing that
 * region of guest physical memory, taking into account that there are no
 * guarantees about guest-contiguous pages being host-contiguous.
 */
static int
vq_map_desc_bufs(viona_vring_t *ring, const struct virtio_desc *desc,
    vq_held_region_t *region)
{
	int err;

	if (desc->vd_len == 0) {
		VIONA_PROBE2(desc_bad_len, viona_vring_t *, ring,
		    uint32_t, desc->vd_len);
		VIONA_RING_STAT_INCR(ring, desc_bad_len);
		return (EINVAL);
	}

	err = vq_region_hold(ring, desc->vd_addr, desc->vd_len,
	    (desc->vd_flags & VRING_DESC_F_WRITE) != 0, region);
	switch (err) {
	case E2BIG:
		VIONA_PROBE1(too_many_desc, viona_vring_t *, ring);
		VIONA_RING_STAT_INCR(ring, too_many_desc);
		break;
	case EFAULT:
		VIONA_PROBE_BAD_RING_ADDR(ring, desc->vd_addr);
		VIONA_RING_STAT_INCR(ring, bad_ring_addr);
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}

	return (err);
}

/*
 * Walk an indirect buffer descriptor `desc`, attempting to map the pages
 * backing the regions of guest memory covered by its contituent descriptors.
 */
static int
vq_map_indir_desc_bufs(viona_vring_t *ring, const struct virtio_desc *desc,
    vq_held_region_t *region)
{
	const uint16_t indir_count = desc->vd_len / sizeof (struct virtio_desc);

	if ((desc->vd_len & 0xf) != 0 || indir_count == 0 ||
	    indir_count > ring->vr_size ||
	    desc->vd_addr > (desc->vd_addr + desc->vd_len)) {
		VIONA_PROBE2(indir_bad_len, viona_vring_t *, ring,
		    uint32_t, desc->vd_len);
		VIONA_RING_STAT_INCR(ring, indir_bad_len);
		return (EINVAL);
	}

	uint16_t indir_next = 0;
	const uint8_t *buf = NULL;
	uint64_t buf_gpa = UINT64_MAX;
	vmm_page_t *vmp = NULL;
	int err = 0;

	for (;;) {
		uint64_t indir_gpa =
		    desc->vd_addr + (indir_next * sizeof (struct virtio_desc));
		uint64_t indir_page = indir_gpa & PAGEMASK;
		struct virtio_desc vp;

		/*
		 * Get a mapping for the page that the next indirect descriptor
		 * resides in, if has not already been done.
		 */
		if (indir_page != buf_gpa) {
			if (vmp != NULL) {
				vmm_drv_page_release(vmp);
			}
			vmp = vq_page_hold(ring, indir_page, false);
			if (vmp == NULL) {
				VIONA_PROBE_BAD_RING_ADDR(ring, indir_page);
				VIONA_RING_STAT_INCR(ring, bad_ring_addr);
				err = EFAULT;
				break;
			}
			buf_gpa = indir_page;
			buf = vmm_drv_page_readable(vmp);
		}

		/*
		 * A copy of the indirect descriptor is made here, rather than
		 * simply using a reference pointer.  This prevents malicious or
		 * erroneous guest writes to the descriptor from fooling the
		 * flags/bounds verification through a race.
		 */
		bcopy(buf + (indir_gpa - indir_page), &vp, sizeof (vp));

		if (vp.vd_flags & VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT) {
			VIONA_PROBE1(indir_bad_nest, viona_vring_t *, ring);
			VIONA_RING_STAT_INCR(ring, indir_bad_nest);
			err = EINVAL;
			break;
		} else if (vp.vd_len == 0) {
			VIONA_PROBE2(desc_bad_len, viona_vring_t *, ring,
			    uint32_t, vp.vd_len);
			VIONA_RING_STAT_INCR(ring, desc_bad_len);
			err = EINVAL;
			break;
		}

		err = vq_map_desc_bufs(ring, &vp, region);
		if (err != 0) {
			break;
		}

		/* Successfully reach the end of the indir chain */
		if ((vp.vd_flags & VRING_DESC_F_NEXT) == 0) {
			break;
		}
		if (region->vhr_idx >= region->vhr_niov) {
			VIONA_PROBE1(too_many_desc, viona_vring_t *, ring);
			VIONA_RING_STAT_INCR(ring, too_many_desc);
			err = E2BIG;
			break;
		}

		indir_next = vp.vd_next;
		if (indir_next >= indir_count) {
			VIONA_PROBE3(indir_bad_next, viona_vring_t *, ring,
			    uint16_t, indir_next, uint16_t, indir_count);
			VIONA_RING_STAT_INCR(ring, indir_bad_next);
			err = EINVAL;
			break;
		}
	}

	if (vmp != NULL) {
		vmm_drv_page_release(vmp);
	}
	return (err);
}

int
vq_popchain(viona_vring_t *ring, struct iovec *iov, uint_t niov,
    uint16_t *cookie, vmm_page_t **chain)
{
	uint16_t ndesc, idx, head, next;
	struct virtio_desc vdir;
	vq_held_region_t region = {
		.vhr_niov = niov,
		.vhr_iov = iov,
	};

	ASSERT(iov != NULL);
	ASSERT(niov > 0 && niov < INT_MAX);
	ASSERT(*chain == NULL);

	mutex_enter(&ring->vr_a_mutex);
	idx = ring->vr_cur_aidx;
	ndesc = viona_ring_num_avail(ring);

	if (ndesc == 0) {
		mutex_exit(&ring->vr_a_mutex);
		return (0);
	}
	if (ndesc > ring->vr_size) {
		/*
		 * Despite the fact that the guest has provided an 'avail_idx'
		 * which indicates that an impossible number of descriptors are
		 * available, continue on and attempt to process the next one.
		 *
		 * The transgression will not escape the probe or stats though.
		 */
		VIONA_PROBE2(ndesc_too_high, viona_vring_t *, ring,
		    uint16_t, ndesc);
		VIONA_RING_STAT_INCR(ring, ndesc_too_high);
	}

	head = vq_read_avail(ring, idx & ring->vr_mask);
	next = head;

	for (region.vhr_idx = 0; region.vhr_idx < niov; next = vdir.vd_next) {
		if (next >= ring->vr_size) {
			VIONA_PROBE2(bad_idx, viona_vring_t *, ring,
			    uint16_t, next);
			VIONA_RING_STAT_INCR(ring, bad_idx);
			break;
		}

		vq_read_desc(ring, next, &vdir);
		if ((vdir.vd_flags & VRING_DESC_F_INDIRECT) == 0) {
			if (vq_map_desc_bufs(ring, &vdir, &region) != 0) {
				break;
			}
		} else {
			/*
			 * Per the specification (Virtio 1.1 S2.6.5.3.1):
			 *   A driver MUST NOT set both VIRTQ_DESC_F_INDIRECT
			 *   and VIRTQ_DESC_F_NEXT in `flags`.
			 */
			if ((vdir.vd_flags & VRING_DESC_F_NEXT) != 0) {
				VIONA_PROBE3(indir_bad_next,
				    viona_vring_t *, ring,
				    uint16_t, next, uint16_t, 0);
				VIONA_RING_STAT_INCR(ring, indir_bad_next);
				break;
			}

			if (vq_map_indir_desc_bufs(ring, &vdir, &region) != 0) {
				break;
			}
		}

		if ((vdir.vd_flags & VRING_DESC_F_NEXT) == 0) {
			ring->vr_cur_aidx++;
			mutex_exit(&ring->vr_a_mutex);

			*cookie = head;
			*chain = region.vhr_head;
			return (region.vhr_idx);
		}
	}

	mutex_exit(&ring->vr_a_mutex);
	if (region.vhr_head != NULL) {
		/*
		 * If any pages were held prior to encountering an error, we
		 * must release them now.
		 */
		vmm_drv_page_release_chain(region.vhr_head);
	}
	return (-1);
}


static void
vq_write_used_ent(viona_vring_t *ring, uint16_t idx, uint16_t cookie,
    uint32_t len)
{
	/*
	 * In a larger ring, entry could be split across pages, so be sure to
	 * account for that when configuring the transfer by looking up the ID
	 * and length addresses separately, rather than an address for a
	 * combined `struct virtio_used`.
	 */
	const uint_t used_id_off = LEGACY_USED_ENT_OFF(ring->vr_size, idx);
	const uint_t used_len_off = used_id_off + sizeof (uint32_t);
	volatile uint32_t *idp = viona_ring_addr(ring, used_id_off);
	volatile uint32_t *lenp = viona_ring_addr(ring, used_len_off);

	ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&ring->vr_u_mutex));

	*idp = cookie;
	*lenp = len;
}

static void
vq_write_used_idx(viona_vring_t *ring, uint16_t idx)
{
	ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&ring->vr_u_mutex));

	volatile uint16_t *used_idx =
	    viona_ring_addr(ring, LEGACY_USED_IDX_OFF(ring->vr_size));
	*used_idx = idx;
}

void
vq_pushchain(viona_vring_t *ring, uint32_t len, uint16_t cookie)
{
	uint16_t uidx;

	mutex_enter(&ring->vr_u_mutex);

	uidx = ring->vr_cur_uidx;
	vq_write_used_ent(ring, uidx & ring->vr_mask, cookie, len);
	uidx++;
	membar_producer();

	vq_write_used_idx(ring, uidx);
	ring->vr_cur_uidx = uidx;

	mutex_exit(&ring->vr_u_mutex);
}

void
vq_pushchain_many(viona_vring_t *ring, uint_t num_bufs, used_elem_t *elem)
{
	uint16_t uidx;

	mutex_enter(&ring->vr_u_mutex);

	uidx = ring->vr_cur_uidx;

	for (uint_t i = 0; i < num_bufs; i++, uidx++) {
		vq_write_used_ent(ring, uidx & ring->vr_mask, elem[i].id,
		    elem[i].len);
	}

	membar_producer();
	vq_write_used_idx(ring, uidx);
	ring->vr_cur_uidx = uidx;

	mutex_exit(&ring->vr_u_mutex);
}

/*
 * Set USED_NO_NOTIFY on VQ so guest elides doorbell calls for new entries.
 */
void
viona_ring_disable_notify(viona_vring_t *ring)
{
	volatile uint16_t *used_flags =
	    viona_ring_addr(ring, LEGACY_USED_FLAGS_OFF(ring->vr_size));

	*used_flags |= VRING_USED_F_NO_NOTIFY;
}

/*
 * Clear USED_NO_NOTIFY on VQ so guest resumes doorbell calls for new entries.
 */
void
viona_ring_enable_notify(viona_vring_t *ring)
{
	volatile uint16_t *used_flags =
	    viona_ring_addr(ring, LEGACY_USED_FLAGS_OFF(ring->vr_size));

	*used_flags &= ~VRING_USED_F_NO_NOTIFY;
}

/*
 * Return the number of available descriptors in the vring taking care of the
 * 16-bit index wraparound.
 *
 * Note: If the number of apparently available descriptors is larger than the
 * ring size (due to guest misbehavior), this check will still report the
 * positive count of descriptors.
 */
uint16_t
viona_ring_num_avail(viona_vring_t *ring)
{
	volatile uint16_t *avail_idx =
	    viona_ring_addr(ring, LEGACY_AVAIL_IDX_OFF(ring->vr_size));

	return (*avail_idx - ring->vr_cur_aidx);
}