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| -rw-r--r-- | cad/pcb/Makefile | 16 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | cad/pcb/files/index.html | 109 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | cad/pcb/files/patch-sum | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | cad/pcb/files/pcb.html | 5715 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | cad/pcb/files/pcb.info | 4125 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | cad/pcb/files/pcb.ps | 6489 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | cad/pcb/files/refcard.ps | 437 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | cad/pcb/patches/patch-ac | 13 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | cad/pcb/pkg/PLIST | 10 |
9 files changed, 16911 insertions, 6 deletions
diff --git a/cad/pcb/Makefile b/cad/pcb/Makefile index 651aec40456..31a10a308be 100644 --- a/cad/pcb/Makefile +++ b/cad/pcb/Makefile @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# $NetBSD: Makefile,v 1.6 2000/08/08 07:39:24 rh Exp $ +# $NetBSD: Makefile,v 1.7 2000/08/31 14:55:29 dmcmahill Exp $ # FreeBSD Id: Makefile,v 1.19 1998/10/31 18:05:31 jseger Exp # @@ -9,12 +9,20 @@ MASTER_SITES= ftp://ftp.linuxppc.org/pub/linuxppc/users/harry/PCB/ \ EXTRACT_SUFX= .tgz MAINTAINER= packages@netbsd.org +HOMEPAGE= http://bach.ece.jhu.edu/~haceaton/pcb/ DEPENDS+= m4-1.4:../../devel/m4 -.if make(install-run-depends) -DEPENDS+= teTeX>=1.0.7:../../print/teTeX -.endif USE_IMAKE= yes +INFO_FILES= pcb.info + +post-install: + ${INSTALL_MAN_DIR} ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/ + ${INSTALL_MAN} ${FILESDIR}/index.html ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/ + ${INSTALL_MAN} ${FILESDIR}/pcb.html ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/ + ${INSTALL_MAN} ${FILESDIR}/pcb.info ${PREFIX}/info/ + ${INSTALL_MAN} ${FILESDIR}/pcb.ps ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/ + ${INSTALL_MAN} ${FILESDIR}/refcard.ps ${PREFIX}/share/doc/pcb/ + .include "../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk" diff --git a/cad/pcb/files/index.html b/cad/pcb/files/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c8d0d6e25c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/cad/pcb/files/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +<HTML> +<HEAD> +<!-- Created by texi2html 1.56k from pcb.texi on 31 August 2000 --> + +<TITLE>Pcb 1.6.3 - Table of Contents</TITLE> +</HEAD> +<BODY> +<H1>Pcb</H1> +<H2>an interactive</H2> +<H2>printed circuit board</H2> +<H2>layout system for <CODE>X11</CODE></H2> +<ADDRESS>Thomas Nau</ADDRESS> +<P> +<P><HR><P> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC1" HREF="pcb.html#SEC1">Copying</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC2" HREF="pcb.html#SEC2">History</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC3" HREF="pcb.html#SEC3">Introduction</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC4" HREF="pcb.html#SEC4">Symbols</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC5" HREF="pcb.html#SEC5">Vias</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC6" HREF="pcb.html#SEC6">Elements</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC7" HREF="pcb.html#SEC7">Layers</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC8" HREF="pcb.html#SEC8">Lines</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC9" HREF="pcb.html#SEC9">Arcs</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC10" HREF="pcb.html#SEC10">Polygons</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC11" HREF="pcb.html#SEC11">Text</A> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC12" HREF="pcb.html#SEC12">Getting Started</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC13" HREF="pcb.html#SEC13">The Application Window</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC14" HREF="pcb.html#SEC14">The Status-line and Input-field</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC15" HREF="pcb.html#SEC15">The Control Panel</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC16" HREF="pcb.html#SEC16">The Mode Selectors</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC17" HREF="pcb.html#SEC17">Drawing Area</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC18" HREF="pcb.html#SEC18">Menu</A> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC19" HREF="pcb.html#SEC19">Log Window</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC20" HREF="pcb.html#SEC20">Library Window</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC21" HREF="pcb.html#SEC21">Drawing and Removing Basic Objects</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC22" HREF="pcb.html#SEC22">Lines</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC23" HREF="pcb.html#SEC23">Arcs</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC24" HREF="pcb.html#SEC24">Polygons and Rectangles</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC25" HREF="pcb.html#SEC25">Text</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC26" HREF="pcb.html#SEC26">Vias</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC27" HREF="pcb.html#SEC27">Elements</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC28" HREF="pcb.html#SEC28">Pastebuffer</A> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC29" HREF="pcb.html#SEC29">Moving and Copying</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC30" HREF="pcb.html#SEC30">Loading and Saving</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC31" HREF="pcb.html#SEC31">Printing</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC32" HREF="pcb.html#SEC32">Connection Lists</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC33" HREF="pcb.html#SEC33">Selection</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC34" HREF="pcb.html#SEC34">Rats Nest</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC35" HREF="pcb.html#SEC35">Design Rule Checking</A> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC36" HREF="pcb.html#SEC36">User Commands</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC37" HREF="pcb.html#SEC37">Command-Line Options</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC38" HREF="pcb.html#SEC38">Options</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC39" HREF="pcb.html#SEC39">Special Options</A> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC40" HREF="pcb.html#SEC40">X11 Interface</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC41" HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC42" HREF="pcb.html#SEC42">Actions</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC43" HREF="pcb.html#SEC43">Default Translations</A> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC44" HREF="pcb.html#SEC44">File Formats</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC45" HREF="pcb.html#SEC45">Basic Types</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC46" HREF="pcb.html#SEC46">Layout File Format</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC47" HREF="pcb.html#SEC47">Element File Format</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC48" HREF="pcb.html#SEC48">Font File Format</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC49" HREF="pcb.html#SEC49">Library Contents File Format</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC50" HREF="pcb.html#SEC50">Library File Format</A> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC51" HREF="pcb.html#SEC51">Installation and Troubleshooting</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC52" HREF="pcb.html#SEC52">Compiling and Installing</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC53" HREF="pcb.html#SEC53">Editing config.h</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC54" HREF="pcb.html#SEC54">Manuals</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC55" HREF="pcb.html#SEC55">Compiling the Package</A> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC56" HREF="pcb.html#SEC56">Troubleshooting</A> +<UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC57" HREF="pcb.html#SEC57">HP Series 700 and 800</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC58" HREF="pcb.html#SEC58">Sun SPARC architecture</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC59" HREF="pcb.html#SEC59">Silicon Graphics</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC60" HREF="pcb.html#SEC60">DEC Alpha</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC61" HREF="pcb.html#SEC61">SCO Unix</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC62" HREF="pcb.html#SEC62">Linux</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC63" HREF="pcb.html#SEC63">FreeBSD and NetBSD</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC64" HREF="pcb.html#SEC64">Problems related to X11</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC65" HREF="pcb.html#SEC65">Problems related to TeX</A> +</UL> +</UL> +<LI><A NAME="TOC66" HREF="pcb.html#SEC66">Index of Resources</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC67" HREF="pcb.html#SEC67">Index of Actions, Commands and Options</A> +<LI><A NAME="TOC68" HREF="pcb.html#SEC68">Index of Concepts</A> +</UL> +<P><HR><P> +This document was generated on 31 August 2000 using +<A HREF="http://wwwinfo.cern.ch/dis/texi2html/">texi2html</A> 1.56k. +</BODY> +</HTML> diff --git a/cad/pcb/files/patch-sum b/cad/pcb/files/patch-sum index aea42090163..ef6bcaec539 100644 --- a/cad/pcb/files/patch-sum +++ b/cad/pcb/files/patch-sum @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ -$NetBSD: patch-sum,v 1.1 1999/07/09 13:50:21 agc Exp $ +$NetBSD: patch-sum,v 1.2 2000/08/31 14:55:31 dmcmahill Exp $ MD5 (patch-aa) = 3b394845186c2f0cec9bb03f70c20eee MD5 (patch-ab) = 6953bf71ba2952d783b7f2294b2aa704 +MD5 (patch-ac) = 6e33a104c5ac7ad2453a5575edc6c207 diff --git a/cad/pcb/files/pcb.html b/cad/pcb/files/pcb.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2a0e02218f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/cad/pcb/files/pcb.html @@ -0,0 +1,5715 @@ +<HTML> +<HEAD> +<!-- Created by texi2html 1.56k from pcb.texi on 31 August 2000 --> + +<TITLE>Pcb 1.6.3</TITLE> +</HEAD> +<BODY> +<H1>Pcb</H1> +<H2>an interactive</H2> +<H2>printed circuit board</H2> +<H2>layout system for <CODE>X11</CODE></H2> +<ADDRESS>Thomas Nau</ADDRESS> +<P> +<P><HR><P> + + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC1">Copying</A>: <CODE>Pcb</CODE> is freely redistributable! +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC2">History</A>: How it all began. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC3">Intro</A>: A short description of the basic objects. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC12">Getting Started</A>: Introduction to <CODE>Pcb</CODE>. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC36">User Commands</A>: User commands of <CODE>Pcb</CODE>. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC37">Command-Line Options</A>: Calling <CODE>Pcb</CODE> from a shell. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC40">X11 Interface</A>: Action routines, resources and default translation. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC44">File Formats</A>: Description of <CODE>ASCII</CODE> files used by <CODE>Pcb</CODE>. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC51">Installation</A>: Compiling, installing and troubleshooting. +</UL> + + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC1" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC1">Copying</A></H1> +<P> +Copyright (C) 1994,1995,1996,1997 Thomas Nau + + +<P> +This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify +it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or +(at your option) any later version. + + +<P> +This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +MERCHANT-ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +<B>GNU General Public License</B> for more details. + + + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC2" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC2">History</A></H1> +<P> +<A NAME="IDX1"></A> +<CODE>Pcb</CODE> is a handy tool for laying out printed circuit +boards. +It was first written for an Atari ST in 1990 and ported to <CODE>UNIX</CODE> and +<CODE>X11</CODE> in 1994. +I never had the intention to create another professional layout system, +but to write a tool which supports people like you who do some +home-developing of hardware. For this reason it has no auto-router nor +auto-placement code. + + +<P> +The second release 1.2 included menus for the first time. This made +<CODE>PCB</CODE> easier to use and thus a more important tool. + + +<P> +Release 1.3 introduced undo for highly-destructive commands, +more straightforward action handling and scalable fonts. Layer-groups +were introduced to group signal-layers together. + + +<P> +Release 1.4 provided support for add-on device drivers. +Two layers (the solder and the component side) +were added to support SMD elements. The handling of libraries +was also improved in 1.4.1. Support for additional devices like +GERBER plotters started in 1.4.4. The undo feature was expanded +and the redo-feature added in 1.4.5. + + +<P> +Release 1.5 provides support for rats-nest generation from simple net +lists. It also allows for automatic clearances around pins that pierce +a polygon. A variety of other enhancments including a Gerber RS274X +driver and NC drill file generation have also been added. +harry eaton (haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu) +was responsible for most of the changes found in this release. + + +<P> +Release 1.6 provides automatic screen updates of changed regions. +This should elliminate most of the need for the redraw (r) key. +Also some changes to what order items under the cursor are selected +were made for better consistancy - it is no longer possible to +accidentally move a line or line point that is completely obscured +by a polygon laying over top of it. Larger objects on the upper +most layers can be selected ahead of smaller objects on lower layers. +These changes make operations more intuitive. A new mode of line +creation was added that creates two line on 45 degree angles +with a single click. The actual outline of the prospective line(s) are +now shown during line creation. An arc creation mode was added. +Drawn arcs are quarter circles and can be useful for high frequency +controlled impedance lines. (You can have eighth circle arc if the +source is compiled with -DARC45, but be aware that the ends of such +arcs can never intersect a grid point). Two new flags for pins and +vias were created - one indicates that the pin or via is purely a +drill hole and has no copper annulus. You can only toggle this flag +for vias - for elements, it must be an integral part of the element +definition. The other flag controls whether the pad will be round +or octagonal. There is also now a feature for converting the contents +of a buffer into an element. Vias become the pins (or mounting holes), +lines and arcs on the solder layer become silkscreen, and lines on the +component layer become the pads. Action commands entered via the colon +command entry are no longer proceeded with "a ", just type the command +directly. Several bugs have also been fixed. New +ones were probably introduced since extensive changes were made. +harry eaton was responsible for these changes. + + +<P> +Release 1.6.1 adds the ability to make groups of action commands bound to +a single X11 event to be undone by a single undo. Also a simple design rule +checker was added - it checks for minimum spacing and overlap rules. Plus +many fixes for bugs introduced with the many changes of 1.6 +harry is responsible for these changes too. + + +<P> +Special thanks goes to: + +<PRE> +Bernhard Daeubler (Bernhard.Daeubler@physik.uni-ulm.de) +Harald Daeubler (Harald.Daeubler@physik.uni-ulm.de) +Roland Merk (merk@faw.uni-ulm.de) +Erland Unruh (Erland.Unruh@malmo.trab.se) +Albert John FitzPatrick III (ajf_nylorac@acm.org) +Boerge Strand (borges@ifi.uio.no) +harry eaton (haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu) +Andre M. Hedrick (hedrick@Astro.Dyer.Vanderbilt.Edu) +</PRE> + +<P> +who did most of the alpha and beta testing, helped to port <CODE>PCB</CODE> to +several operating systems and platforms and corrected several typos in the +manuals. In addition to these, many others donated time for bug-fixing and +other important work. Some of them can be identified in the source code +files. Thanks to all of them. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX2"></A> + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC3" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC3">Introduction</A></H1> +<P> +Each layout consists of several, mostly independent, objects. This chapter +gives an overview of the object types and their relationship to each other. +For a complete description of how to use <CODE>Pcb</CODE>, refer to +section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC12">Getting Started</A>. +The layout is generated on-screen on a grid that has its origin in the +upper left corner of the screen. +The x coordinate increases to the right, y increases down to the bottom. +All distances and sizes in <CODE>Pcb</CODE> are measured in mils (0.001 inch). +One unit on the display grid is one mil in distance on the board. +The sections in this chapter are sorted by the +order of appearance of the objects within a layout file. + + + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC4">Symbol Objects</A>: Information about fonts and symbols. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC5">Via Objects</A>: Vias and pins connect layers. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC6">Element Objects</A>: Element, the basic type of circuits. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC7">Layer Objects</A>: A <SAMP>`container'</SAMP> for lines, text... +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC8">Line Objects</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC9">Arc Objects</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC10">Polygon Objects</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC11">Text Objects</A>: Objects to add symbols to your board. +</UL> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX3"></A> +<A NAME="IDX4"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC4" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC4">Symbols</A></H2> +<P> +The top object is the layout itself. It uses a set of symbols +that resides at the first logical level. Each symbol is uniquely identified +by a seven bit <CODE>ASCII</CODE> code. All layout objects share the same set of +symbols. These symbols are used to form text objects on the silkscreen +and copper layers. Undefined symbols are drawn as filled rectangles. + + +<P> +Every font file is preprocessed by a user-defined command when it is loaded. +For details see <SAMP>`fontCommand'</SAMP>, section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A>. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX5"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC5" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC5">Vias</A></H2> +<P> +Vias are identical to the pins used by elements except that they can be added +or removed individually. +The purpose of vias is to provide connections between different layers. +Don't use vias for adding elements to the layout, even if that seems +easier than creating a new element. +Vias are useful for defining arbitrary drill points such as +those used for mounting a board. +You can assign a name to a via even though you probably won't ever want to. +Vias reside at the first logical level; therefore, each +via exists on all layers. (<EM>i.e.</EM> +blind vias are not supported) + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX6"></A> +<A NAME="IDX7"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC6" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC6">Elements</A></H2> +<P> +Elements represent the components on a board. +Elements are loaded from <CODE>ASCII</CODE> coded files in a +similar manner to the layout file itself. +They are composed of lines and arcs on the silk-screen +layer (used to define the package outline) , pins +(or pads for SMD) and three labels that define the +description, the element's layout-name (which also +appears on the silk- screen layer) and its value. +Element pins are contained on the first logical level +and so reside on all layers. +A mark is used to position the element with +respect to the cursor cross-hair during pasting. +SMD elements use pads instead of pins. +Pads are handled similarly to lines on a layer but they must be oriented +either vertically or horizontally. +Pads can have either rounded or square ends. +All parts of an element are treated as one unit. +It is not possible to delete a single pin or break +an element into pieces on the layout. +You can resize separate pieces of an element, +but doing so is usually a bad idea. + + +<P> +Elements are supported by several special layers: <EM>silk</EM>, <EM>pins/pads</EM> and +<EM>far-side</EM>. The <EM>silk</EM> layer shows the package outline and +also holds legend text and element names. The <EM>pins/pads</EM> layer is used to toggle +whether the element's pins and pads are displayed. The <EM>far-side</EM> layer controls visibility +of objects (silkscreen and pads) that are on the far (<EM>i.e.</EM> not currently viewed) side +of the board. + + +<P> +Every element file is preprocessed by a user-defined command when the file is read. +For details see <SAMP>`elementCommand'</SAMP>, section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A>. <CODE>m4</CODE>, the default +value of <SAMP>`elementCommand'</SAMP>, allows you to create libraries for +package definitions that are shared by all elements. +The element libraries distributed with <CODE>Pcb</CODE> expect <CODE>m4</CODE> or an +equivalent to be the <EM>elementCommand</EM>. + + +<P> +<CODE>Pcb</CODE> can create a list of +all connections from one (or all) elements to the others or a list of +unconnected pins. +It can also verify the layout connections against a netlist file. +The element's <SAMP>`layout-name'</SAMP> is the name used to identify an element +in a netlist file. +The pin numbering for an element is defined by unique strings assigned to +each pin. In addition to the "pin number" string, each pin has a "name" +which describes its function. Previously element pin number was established +by the order of appearance of the pin definitions in the layout or element +file. Since the "number" strings for each pin are a new feature, if they are +absent then the numbering is again established by the order of pin appearance +in the file. +In other words, the first pin appearing in the file is pin one, the +next pin is pin two and so on. +Usually the names assigned to pins are simply numbers, but they don't +have to be. It is only necessary that the "number" string for the pin +matches exactly the "number" string in the netlist file. +<B>Be aware that a few of the library parts may still be incorrectly +implemented regarding pin-numbering.</B> All of the DIL (Dual- +Inline-Pins) parts are correct and most of the others are too, +but you should verify the pin numbering +of any non-DIL part (use the <EM>Report Menu</EM> to see what <CODE>Pcb</CODE> thinks a pin's +number is) before using the rats nest feature with a library part. Hopefully sometime +soon someone will volunteer to cross-check all of the element libraries and make +fixes available as necessary. +<CODE>Pcb</CODE> can also check a layout to see that it meets minimum spacing +and overlap rules. + + +<P> +You can make your own quick-and-dirty element definitions graphically now. +Simply draw vias for the pins +and lines and arcs on a solder layer for the silkscreen +outline. You should name each via with the pin number. +If you want to create a SMD device, draw lines for the pads on a +component side layer (You must draw these in pin number order since lines can't +be named). They must be +either horizontal or vertical or they will not be recognized as pads. Once +you are happy with the geometry, select everything that is to become part of +the element, then choose "cut to buffer" from the menu. Now select "convert +buffer to element" from the menu. Viola'! Afterwards you can make pin one +square (or pads) if you like, and give the element its various names. Note that the +element mark corresponds to the cut position when everything was put into the +buffer. If the vias are not named, then the pin numbering will correspond to the +order in which the vias were placed. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX8"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC7" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC7">Layers</A></H2> +<P> +Every layout consists of several layers that can be used independently +or treated as a group. +Layer groups can be used to logically separate (and color-code) +different traces (<EM>e.g.</EM> power and signal); however, all +layers within a group reside on the same physical +copper layer of a board, so using different layers within the same +group won't provide electrical separation where they touch or overlap. +For details, see <SAMP>`layerGroups'</SAMP>, section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A>. +Each layer is drawn in a color defined in the resource file (for +details see <SAMP>`layerColor'</SAMP>, section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A>) and identified by a name +that you can change. +Layers are really just containers for line, polygon, and text objects. The +component and solder layers contain SMD elements as well, but the +file structure doesn't reflect that fact directly. Each layer group +represents a physical layer on the printed circuit board. If you want to make +a four layer board, you'll need to have four layer groups. +Connections between layer groups are established only through element pins and vias. +The relationship between a specific layer and the board itself is configureable from +the <SAMP>`Edit layer groups'</SAMP> option in the <SAMP>`Objects'</SAMP> menu. +The layer groups corresponding to the physical layers <EM>component-side</EM> +and <EM>solder-side</EM> are always defined, and you must map at least one +logical layer to each. +Of course, you are not obligated to put tracks on either of them. +SMD-elements always reside on either the component-side or the solder-side +layer group. +You can swap which side of the board you are viewing by pressing +<EM><Key>Tab</EM>. +You can decide which layer group will be the solder side and which will be +the component side. +The layers groups just have a name or number associated with them - where +they are sandwiched in the board is left to the manufacturing processes. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX9"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC8" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC8">Lines</A></H2> +<P> +Lines are used to draw tracks on the pc board. +When in the line mode, each <EM><Btn1></EM> +press establishes one end of a line. +Once the second point is defined, the line is drawn +and a new line started where the first one ended. +You can abondon the new starting point in favor +of another by pressing <EM>Ctrl<Btn1></EM>. +The undo function (<EM><Key>u</EM>) will take you back +point by point if you use it while in the line mode. +New lines can be restricted to 45 degree angles if desired. You can toggle this +restriction on and off while creating lines by pressing <EM><Key>.</EM> (that is the +<EM>period</EM> key). If the 45 degree restriction is turned on, then the <EM><Key>/</EM> +can be used to cylce through three different modes of 45 degree line creation. +One mode just creates a single line forced to the nearest 45 degree vector. The next +mode creates two lines from the start to end points such that the first line leaves the +start point at a 90 degree vector, and the second line enters the end point on a 45 +degree vector. The next mode creates two lines such that the first line leaves the +start point on a 45 degree vector and arrives at the end point on a 90 degree vector. +You can temporarily swap between the last two modes by holding the shift key down. +It is simple to edit a line type object by breaking it into pieces (insert point mode), +moving an end point (or the whole line) (<EM><Btn2Down><drag><Btn2Up></EM>), +or changing the layer it resides on (<EM><Key>m</EM> moves the line under the pointer +to the active layer). +In the case when two line segments meet at exactly the same +point you can delete the intermediate point, otherwise the delete mode removes an entire line. +Feel free to experiment +since <CODE>Pcb</CODE> will allow you to undo anything that materially affects your work. +If you switch active layers in the midst of placing lines a via will automatically be +placed, when necessary, in order to continue the connection. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX10"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC9" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC9">Arcs</A></H2> +<P> +With version 1.6 it is possible to draw copper arcs. The arcs are restricted to +be quarter circles. This means they always bend a right angle. They are very similar +to lines otherwise. They are created on the current layer and have the same thickness +that new lines will have. The various clicks for creating lines work pretty much the +same way for creating arcs. The start point for the arc is at the first <EM><Btn1></EM> +position. In order to make the arc curve in the direction desired, drag the mouse along +the tangent line from the starting position towards the end position. If the grid is +too coarse, it may not be possible to distinguish whether you've moved over then up, +or up then over, so if you can't seem to make the arc go the direction you want, you +should decrease the grid spacing. Alternatively you could drawn the wrong arc, then +rotate and move it where you want. Like the line tool, after an arc is drawn a new +starting point is established at the end point. Whenever a start point is established +by either the line or arc tools it will be retained if you switch directly between the +tools (e.g. <EM><Key>F2</EM> for Lines, <EM><Key>F8</EM> for Arcs. Of course connection +searches, undo and all the other features you'd expect work with arcs now. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX11"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC10" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC10">Polygons</A></H2> +<P> +Sometimes it's useful to fill large areas with solid copper. +The way to do this is with polygons. +Polygons can be created in either the polygon mode or the rectangle mode. +In the polygon mode, you'll have to define each corner of the polygon +with a mouse click (<EM><Btn1></EM>). When the last point is clicked +exactly on top of the starting point, the polygon is finished. +Since this can be hard to do, the <EM>Shift<Key>p</EM> will enter the +final point for you, closing the polygon. +If the 45 degree angle restriction is turned on +and you try to close the polygon when it is not possible, you'll get a +warning instead. If you haven't finished entering a polygon, but want to +undo one (or more) of the points that you've already defined, use the +undo command (<EM><Key>u</EM>). +With the rectangle tool, defining +the two opposite corners is sufficient, but of course the resulting +polygon is a rectangle. +Like lines, a polygon can by edited by deleting, inserting and moving the points +that define it. +<CODE>Pcb</CODE> is capable of handling complex polygons, but +using a number of simpler ones improves performance of the connection tracing code. + + +<P> +A new feature in version 1.5 of <CODE>Pcb</CODE> automatically creates clearance +regions around pins and vias that pierce a polygon. This means that they +aren't electrically connected to the polygon unless you add "thermals" +to cross the clearance region. +Thermals can be added and removed by selecting the thermal mode and clicking +<EM><Btn1></EM> on the pin or via. +Remember that this only creates connections to the polygon on the active layer. +The great advantage to this new polygon behavior is that simple or complex ground +and/or power planes can be easily made with polygons and seen on the screen. +If you don't want this auto-clearance behavior, or you load a layout created by +an earlier version of <CODE>Pcb</CODE>, the old behavior +(shorts to all piercing pins and vias) is available. A <SAMP>`ChangeSize'</SAMP> +operation (<EM><Key>s</EM>) toggles a polygon between the new and old polygon/pin +behavior. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX12"></A> +<A NAME="IDX13"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC11" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC11">Text</A></H2> +<P> +Text objects should be used to label a layout or to put additional +information on the board, but not to identify elements because elements +have their own labels. +Text is always horizontal when first created, but the +rotate mode can align it along 0, 90, 180 and 270 degree angles. +Text can be moved from any layer to the silk-screen layer with a +command in the <SAMP>`selection menu'</SAMP>. +Text that is moved to the silk-screen layer will appear on the +solder-side silk-screen if it originating on a solder-side layer. +Otherwise moving it to the silk-screen layer will put it on the +component-side silk-screen. +To move text back to a copper layer from +the silk-screen, use the <SAMP>`MoveToCurrentLayer'</SAMP> (<EM><Key>m</EM>) command. +Text on the far side of the board will automatically appear mirror-imaged. + + +<P> +<B>TEXT OBJECTS ON A COPPER LAYER CREATE COPPER LINES BUT THEY ARE NOT SCANNED FOR +CONNECTIONS OR TESTED FOR CREATING SHORTS VS. THE NETLIST. NEITHER ARE TEXT OBJECTS TESTED AGAINST ANY DESIGN RULES</B>. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX14"></A> + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC12" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC12">Getting Started</A></H1> +<P> +The goal of this chapter is to give you enough information to learn how +<CODE>Pcb</CODE> works and how to develop your layouts to make the best use of <CODE>Pcb</CODE>'s +features. All event translations (<EM>i.e.</EM> the buttons and keys you +press) refer to the default application resource file shipped with <CODE>Pcb</CODE>. +There is probably no need to change them unless your window +manager uses some of the button events itself; however, if you <EM>want</EM> +to customize the behavior of <CODE>Pcb</CODE> then changing the resource file +is usually the best way to do it. + + +<P> +Get yourself a printout of this chapter and <EM>User Commands</EM>, if you +haven't already done so, and follow the examples. +An example layout may be found in <TT>`example/68HC11'</TT>. +An example illustrating some version 1.5 features is found in +<TT>`example/LED'</TT> along with its corresponding netlist file <TT>`example/LED.NET'</TT>. + + +<P> +Start <CODE>Pcb</CODE> (the actual command will use all lower-case letters) +without any additional options. +If you get the error message: + + + +<PRE> + can't find default font-symbol-file 'default_font' +</PRE> + +<P> +then the font searchpath or filename in the application resource +file is wrong. Be sure that your <CODE>m4</CODE> program supports searchpaths. +If not, get <CODE>GNU m4</CODE>. +For other messages, see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC56">Troubleshooting</A>. +Another quick-start is provided by <CODE>pcbtest.sh</CODE> in the <TT>`src'</TT> +directory. + + + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC13">Application Window</A>: The elements of the main window. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC19">Log Window</A>: The optional logging window +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC20">Library Window</A>: The circuit selection window +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC21">Drawing and Removing</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC29">Moving and Copying</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC30">Loading and Saving</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC31">Printing</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC32">Connection Lists</A>: How to get a list of all or some connections. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC33">Selection</A>: Commands which handle more than one object. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC34">Rats Nest</A>: Helps you place and route tracks against a netlist. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC35">Design Rule Checking</A> +</UL> + + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC13" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC13">The Application Window</A></H2> +<P> +The main window consists of five areas: +the menu at the top, the control panel in the upper left corner, the mode buttons +located below the control panel, the drawing area to the right of these, and the +status line at the bottom of the window. + + + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC14">Status-line and Input-field</A>: What is the program configuration. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC15">Control Panel</A>: Switch layers on/off; change current one. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC16">Mode Selectors</A>: Select an operation mode. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC17">Drawing Area</A>: Where the layout is drawn. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC18">Menu</A> +</UL> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX15"></A> +<A NAME="IDX16"></A> +<A NAME="IDX17"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC14" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC14">The Status-line and Input-field</A></H3> +<P> +The status-line is located at the bottom edge of the main window. +During normal operation the status information is visible there. +When a selected menu operation requires an additional button click, the +status-line is replaced by a message telling you to position the cursor +and click. +When a text input is required, the status-line is replaced by the +Input-field which has a prompt for the typed input. + + +<P> +The status-line shows, from left to right, the side of the board that you +are viewing (<EM><Key>Tab</EM> changes this), if an absolute +(abs) or relative (rel) grid is used, if new lines are restricted to 45 degrees, +which type of 45 degree line mode is active, whether rubberband move and +rotate mode is on (R), the current grid values, and the zoom factor. +This information is followed by the line-width, via-size +and drilling hole in mil, text scaling, the active buffer number and the +name of the layout. An asterisk appearing at the left edge indicates the +layout has been modified since the last save. +Note that the name of the layout is not the same +thing as the filename of the layout. + + +<P> +The input-field pops up (temporarily replacing the status-line) whenever user input +is required. Two keys are bound to the input field: <EM><Key>Escape</EM> +aborts the input, <EM><Key>Return</EM> finishes it. + + +<P> +The present cursor position is displayed in the upper right corner of the window. +Normally this position is an absolute coordinate, but with +version 1.5 of <CODE>Pcb</CODE> you can anchor a marker at +the current cursor location by pressing <EM>Ctrl<Key>m</EM> then the +display will read both the absolute cursor position as well as the difference +between it and the marker. Pressing <EM>Ctrl<Key>m</EM> again turns the marker off. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX18"></A> +<A NAME="IDX19"></A> +<A NAME="IDX20"></A> +<A NAME="IDX21"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC15" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC15">The Control Panel</A></H3> +<P> +The control panel, located at the left side of the window, is used to turn on +and off the display of layer groups and to select the active drawing layer. +If a layer hasn't been named, the label "<EM>(unknown)</EM>" is used as the defualt. + + +<P> +The upper control box is used to switch layers on and off. Click +<EM><Btn1Down></EM> on one or more of them. Each click toggles the setting. +The currently active layer can't be switched off. +The layout is refreshed when the pointer reenters the drawing area. This +prevents excessive redrawing when the visibility of several layers is changed. +When the layers are grouped, clicking on these fields will toggle +the visibility of all layers in the same group. This is a good idea because +layers in the same group reside on the same physical layer of +the actual board. +Use the <SAMP>`Edit layer groups'</SAMP> option in the <SAMP>`Objects'</SAMP> menu to +change the layer groupings. +Grouping layers is only useful for helping you to color-code +signals in your layout. Note that grouping layers actually reduces the number +of different physical layers available for your board, thus to make an eight +layer board, you cannot group any layers. + + +<P> +<EM>far side</EM> turns on and off the visibility of elements +(including SMD pads) on the opposite +board side, as well as silk screening on that side. It does not automatically +hide the x-ray view of the other copper layers, these must be turned off +separately if desired. Use the <EM>tab</EM> key to view the entire board from the other +side. To see a view of what the back side of the board will actually look like, +make the solder layer the active layer then press <EM>tab</EM> until the status +line says "solder" on the right, then turn off the visibility of all other layers +except pins/pads, vias, and silk. + + +<P> +The lower control menu, named <EM>active</EM>, is used to change the active +drawing layer. <EM><Btn1Down></EM> pops up a menu to select a one. +Each entry is labeled with the layer's name and drawn in its color. +The new drawing layer is automatically made visible. +Try changing the active layer's name to <EM>ABC</EM> by selecting +<SAMP>`set name of layer'</SAMP> from the <SAMP>`File'</SAMP> menu. +Changing the active layer also is available with <EM><Key>1..8</EM>. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX22"></A> +<A NAME="IDX23"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC16" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC16">The Mode Selectors</A></H3> +<P> +The mode selector buttons reside below the control panel. +They are used to select the operation mode of <CODE>Pcb</CODE>. A mode can be +thought of as a tool that gets used when <EM><Btn1></EM> is pressed. +Each mode causes the cursor to take on a unique shape that identifies the tool. +The buttons themselves are icons that illustrate their function. +The drawing modes can also be selected from the keyboard: + +<PRE> + <EM><Key>Escape</EM> reset mode + <EM><Key>F1</EM> via-mode + <EM><Key>F2</EM> line-mode + <EM><Key>F3</EM> pastebuffer-mode + <EM><Key>F4</EM> rectangle-mode + <EM><Key>F5</EM> text-mode + <EM><Key>F6</EM> polygon-mode + <EM><Key>Insert</EM> insert-point-mode + <EM><Key>F7</EM> thermal-mode + <EM><Key>F8</EM> arc-mode +</PRE> + +<P> +The <EM><Key>Space</EM> cycles through all of the modes in the +mode button palette. + + +<P> +Reset-mode is really no mode, and <EM><Btn1></EM> has no effect with +this setting. +Some of the modes are very simple, such as the via-mode. Clicking +<EM><Btn1></EM> while in this mode creates a via at the cross-hair position. +The pastebuffer-mode is similar. With this mode, <EM><Btn1></EM> copies +the contents of the active buffer to the layout, but only +those parts that reside on visible layers are copied. +The rotate-mode allows you to rotate elements and text objects +90 degrees counter-clockwise with each click. +The line-mode is explained in detail in section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC8">Lines</A>. +The arc-mode is explained in detainl in section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC9">Arcs</A>. +Rectangle-mode, polygon-mode and thermal-mode are explained in detail in +section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC10">Polygons</A>. +Remember that the thermal-mode will only create and destroy thermals +to polygons on the active layer. + + +<P> +The insert-point-mode is an editing tool that allows you to add +points into lines or polygons. With version 1.5 of <CODE>Pcb</CODE>, the +insert-point-mode enforces the 45 degree line +rule. You can force only the shorter line segment to 45 +degrees by holding the shift key down while inserting the point. +The delete-mode deletes the smallest object beneath the cursor with each +<EM><Btn1></EM> click. +If you use click at an end-point +that two lines have in common, it will replace the two lines with a single line +spanning the two remaining points. This can be used to delete an "inserted" +point in a line, restoring the previous line. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX24"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC17" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC17">Drawing Area</A></H3> +<P> +The drawing area is made from a viewport widget that also includes two +scrollbars. The cursor changes shape depending +on the current operation mode when the pointer is moved into the drawing area. +A crosshair follows the X11 pointer with respect to the grid setting. +Move around and watch the cursor position displayed in the upper right of +the window. +Now select a new grid from the <EM>Display</EM> menu. +The new value is updated in the statusline. +Now move again and watch the difference. A different way to change the grid is +<EM>Shift<Key>g</EM> to decrease or <EM><Key>g</EM> to increase +it. The grid setting is saved along with the data when you save a pcb layout. +For homemade layouts a value around 50 is a good setting. +The cursor also may be moved with the cursor keys or, for larger +distances, by pressing the <EM>shift</EM> modifier together with a cursor key. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX25"></A> +<A NAME="IDX26"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC18" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC18">Menu</A></H3> +<P> +The menus are located at the top of the drawing area. Most, but not all, +of their functions are also available from the keyboard. +Some of the entries such as <EM>center</EM> require a certain cursor position. +In this case a statusline will popup at the bottom with wording similar to +the following: + +<PRE> + move pointer to the appropriate screen position and press a button +</PRE> + +<P> +Any mouse button will do the job, whereas any key except the cursor keys +will cancel the operation. For details see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC42">Actions</A>. + + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><SAMP>`About'</SAMP> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX27"></A> + +There is no menu hiding behind this button, but a small information box will +pop up. + +<A NAME="IDX28"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`File'</SAMP> +<DD> +This menu offers a choice of loading, saving and printing data, saving +connection information to a file or quitting the application. +You also may change the layout's or the active layer's name. Selecting +<EM>print layout</EM> pops up a printer control dialog which is, hopefully, +self explaining. This box contains a panner widget (only <CODE>X11R5</CODE> and later) +which simplifies adjusting the offsets. With earlier releases the printout +will always appear in the upper left corner with respect to the media margins. + +A selection of several device drivers is available from the printer control +dialog. Presently <EM>PostScript</EM>, <EM>encapsulated PostScript</EM>, +and <EM>GerberX</EM> are supported. <EM>GerberD</EM> support may be forthcoming. +It requires a rastering engine that pcb presently lacks. + +<A NAME="IDX29"></A> +<A NAME="IDX30"></A> +<A NAME="IDX31"></A> +<A NAME="IDX32"></A> +<A NAME="IDX33"></A> +<A NAME="IDX34"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Display'</SAMP> +<DD> +The display menu supports the most needed functions related to +screen output. The entries are used to change the grid to some popular +values, the zoom factor, the displayed element name and also are used +to center or refresh the output. +You also may switch grid-displaying on or off and select between +absolute grid (origin at (0,0)) or relative grid (origin at the position where +the grid has been changed). The relative grid position is now +established at the actual pointer position, NOT necessarily the same +as the crosshair position. This allows you to shift the grid without +changing the grid spacing. I recommend that you zoom in as close as +possible before setting a relative grid so that you're sure the grid +lines fall where you want. +The clipping to 45-degree lines is selected in this menu, as well as +enabling rubberband mode (see description of <EM>Mode</EM>). + +<A NAME="IDX35"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Sizes'</SAMP> +<DD> +This menu allows you to select a group of line thickness, via diameter and via drill +size (collectively called a "routing style") to be coppied to the "active" sizes. +You can also change the names given to these styles and adjust their values from +this menu. You can also edit the "active" sizes (the initial size of new vias, +drilling holes, lines, text-objects and the current maximum size of the layout) +from this menu. + +<A NAME="IDX36"></A> +<A NAME="IDX37"></A> +<A NAME="IDX38"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Objects'</SAMP> +<DD> +Displaying the pinout of an element and changing its names, the one +that is currently selected by the <EM>Display</EM> menu, as well as +editing a text object is offered by this menu. The latter two selections +require an additional pointer button click at the object's position. +A dialog for changing the layer groupings is also reached from this +menu. + +<A NAME="IDX39"></A> +<A NAME="IDX40"></A> +<A NAME="IDX41"></A> +<A NAME="IDX42"></A> +<A NAME="IDX43"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Selection'</SAMP> +<DD> +This menu covers most of the operations that work with selected objects. +You may either (un)select all visible objects of a layout or only the ones +which have been found by the last connection scan. The mouse can also +be used to change which things are and are not selected: +toggle the selection of a single object by pressing +<EM><Btn3Down></EM> and releasing without moving the mouse. +Pressing <EM>Mod1<Btn3Down></EM>, moving and +releasing the button selects all visible objects inside the +rectangle. Pressing the modifier key <EM>Shift</EM> too, unselects all +objects in the area. You can delete all selected objects from this +menu, and also move selected text objects to the silk-screen layer. +The other entries change the sizes of visible and selected objects. + +<A NAME="IDX44"></A> +<A NAME="IDX45"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Buffer'</SAMP> +<DD> +This menu handles pastebuffer related actions. You may select one out of five +(per viewing side) buffers to use, rotate or clear its contents and paste +it to the layout. You can also gather objects in the buffer into an element definition +from this menu. +Note: only visible objects are pasted to the layout. + +<A NAME="IDX46"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Connections'</SAMP> +<DD> +The entries available through the connections menu button allow the user to find +connections from pins or vias and to manipulate these. +The connection lists may be saved by selecting entries from the +<EM>File</EM> menu. In many cases it is desireable to use the ratsnest +function to check connections against a netlist file instead of using the +connections menu to generate text connection lists. + +<A NAME="IDX47"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Undo'</SAMP> +<DD> +This menu is a frontend for managing the reversing of operations +such as remove, copy, move, name changes, etc. The number of +operations is unlimited (depending on memory). The list is cleared if +new layout data is loaded or by selecting the appropriate entry from +this menu. The inverse operation, redo, is also available. + +<A NAME="IDX48"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Report'</SAMP> +<DD> +This menu allows you to generate a dialog that summerizes information +about an object such as sizes and coordinates. You can also get a report +about all of the drills that are used on the board. + +</DL> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX49"></A> +<A NAME="IDX50"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC19" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC19">Log Window</A></H2> +<P> +This optional window is used to display all kind of messages including +the ones written to <EM>stderr</EM> by external commands. The main advantage is +that its contents are saved in a scrolling list until the +program exits. Disabling this feature by setting the resource +<EM>useLogWindow</EM> to <EM>false</EM> will generate popup windows to display +messages. The <EM>stderr</EM> of external commands will appear on <CODE>Pcb</CODE>s +<EM>stderr</EM> which normally is the parent shell. I suggest you iconify +the window after startup for example by setting <EM>*log.iconic</EM> to +<EM>true</EM>. If <EM>raiseLogWindow</EM> is set <EM>true</EM>, +the window will deiconify and raise itself whenever new messages are to be +displayed. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX51"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC20" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC20">Library Window</A></H2> +<P> +First appearing in 1.4.1 the library window is one of the best new features +in my opinion. It simplifies loading circuits quiet a lot just by selecting +the appropriate type from the menu at the top. A circuit is then selected +by simply double-clicking on the text line. For details on libraries +check-out section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC50">Library File Format</A> and section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC49">Library Contents File Format</A>. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX52"></A> +<A NAME="IDX53"></A> +<A NAME="IDX54"></A> +<A NAME="IDX55"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC21" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC21">Drawing and Removing Basic Objects</A></H2> +<P> +There are several ways of creating new objects: you may draw them yourself, +you may copy an existing object or you may load an element from a file or +library. Creating new objects is normally related to a special +mode depending on the object type. +The notation of key and button events is the same as described in the +X11 Intrinsics manual. + + +<P> +The operation mode may be selected by one of the mode selectors in the bottom +left corner, by one of the function keys listed earlier in this chapter, +or by pressing the space bar to cycle through the modes. +<EM><Btn1Down></EM> sends a notify request to the application which +responds by creating or changing the appropriate object or at least takes +the first step to do so. Switching to a mode causes the cursor to take +on a unique shape and also causes the cooresponding +mode selector button to be drawn with thick lines. You can use either cue +to see which mode is currently selected. + + +<P> +Removing objects is possible using <EM><Key>BackSpace</EM> (or <EM><Key>Delete</EM> +on some machines) +which deletes the object at the cursor location. If more than one object +is located at the same position, the smallest matching type will be chosen. +If two or more of the same type are the smallest at the position, then the +newest one will be deleted. +You also may change to <EM>remove-mode</EM> and click <EM><Btn1Down></EM> +at the location of the objects which are to be removed. If you "remove" +the end-point where two lines connect, it will remove the point of +connection leaving a single line that spans the far end points. + + +<P> +Rotating works in a similar fashion. Change the mode and press +<EM><Btn1Down></EM> at the object's location. Remember only text, +elements and arcs can be rotated. (Anything including groups of objects +may be rotated inside a buffer using the rotate buffer menu option.) + + +<P> +Insert mode provides the capability of inserting new points into existing +polygons or lines. The 45 degree line clipping is now enforced when selected. +Press and hold the shift key while positioning the new point to only clip +the line segment to the nearer of the two existing points to 45 degrees. +You can also toggle the 45-degree clipping in the middle of a point +insertion by pressing the <EM><Key>.</EM> +If the shift key is not depressed and the 45 degree line clipping mode +is on, both new line segments must be on 45 degree angles - greatly +restricting where the new point may be placed. In some cases this can cause +confusion as to whether an insertion has been started since the two new +lines may be forced to lie parallel on top of the original line until the +pointer is moved far from the end points. + + +<P> +Removing objects, changing their size or moving them only applies to objects +that are visible when the command is executed. + + + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC22">Lines</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC23">Arcs</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC24">Polygons</A>: Drawing polygons and rectangles. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC25">Text</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC26">Vias</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC27">Elements</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC28">Pastebuffer</A>: A multi-purpose buffer. +</UL> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX56"></A> +<A NAME="IDX57"></A> +<A NAME="IDX58"></A> +<A NAME="IDX59"></A> +<A NAME="IDX60"></A> +<A NAME="IDX61"></A> +There are several keystrokes and button events refering to an <EM>object</EM> +without identifying its type. Here's a list of them: + + +<P> +<EM><Btn1Down></EM> creates (or deletes) an object depending on the +current mode. + + +<P> +<EM><Key>BackSpace</EM> or <EM><Key>Delete</EM> removes the visible +object at the cursor location. When more than one object exists at the +location, the order of removal is: via, line, text, polygon and +element. The drawn layer order also affects the search - whatever is +top - most (except elements) is affected before lower items. Basically +all this means that what is removed is probably just what you expect. +If for some reason it isn't, undo and try again. +Only one object is removed for each keystroke. If two or more +of the same type match, the newest one is removed. + + +<P> +Use <EM><Key>s</EM> and <EM>Shift<Key>s</EM> to change the size (width) +of lines, arcs, text objects, pins, pads and vias, or to toggle the style +of polygons (whether pins and vias automatically have clearances). + + +<P> +<EM><Key>n</EM> changes the name of pins, pads, vias, the +string of a text object, or the currently displayed label of an element. + + +<P> +<EM><Key>m</EM> moves the line, arc, or polygon under the crosshair to the +active layer if it wasn't on that layer already. + + +<P> +<EM><Key>u</EM> (undo) recovers from an unlimited number of operations +such as creating, removing, moving, copying, selecting etc. It works like +you'd expect even if you're in the midst of creating something. + + +<P> +<EM>Shift<Key>r</EM> restores the last undone operation provided no other +changes have been made since the undo was performed. + + +<P> +<EM><Key>tab</EM> changes the board side you are viewing. + + +<P> +For a complete list of keystrokes and button events see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC43">Default Translations</A>. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX62"></A> +<A NAME="IDX63"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC22" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC22">Lines</A></H3> +<P> +To draw new lines you have to be in <EM>line-mode</EM>. Get there either by +selecting it from the <EM>Tool palette</EM> or by pressing <EM><Key>F2</EM>. +Each successive <EM>notify</EM> event creates a new line. The +adjustment to 45 degree lines is done automatically if it is selected from the +<EM>Display</EM> menu. You can toggle the 45 degree mode setting by +pressing the <EM><Key>.</EM> (That is the period key). When 45 degree enforcement +is turned on there are three distinct modes of line creation: a single +line on the closest 45 degree vector towards the crosshair (but not necessarily +actually ending at the crosshair), two lines created such that the first leaves +the start point on a 90 degree vector and the second arrives at the crosshair +on a 45 degree vector, and finally two lines created such that the first leaves +the start point on a 45 degree vector and the second arrives at the crosshair +on a 90 degree vector. These last two modes always connect all the way from +the start and end points, and all lines have angles in 45 degree multiples. +The <EM><Key>/</EM> cycles through the three modes. The status line shows a +text icon to indicate which of the modes is active and the lines following +the crosshair motion show the outline of the line(s) that will actually be created. +Press <EM><Key>Escape</EM> to leave line-mode. + + +<P> +<EM><Key>l</EM>, <EM>Shift<Key>l</EM> and the entries in the +<EM>Sizes</EM> menu change the initial width of new lines. This width is also +displayed in the status line. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX64"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC23" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC23">Arcs</A></H3> +<P> +An Arc is drawn with the <EM>arc-tool</EM>. Get there either by selecting it +from the <EM>Tool palette</EM> or by pressing <EM><Key>F8</EM>. Press <EM>Btn1</EM> to +define the starting point for the arc. Drag the mouse towards the desired +end point along the path you want the arc to follow. The outline of the arc that +will be created is shown on the screen as you move the mouse. Arcs are always +forced to be 90 degrees and have symmetrical length and width ( i.e. they are +a quarter circle). The next <EM>Btn1</EM> click creates the arc. It will have +the same width as new lines (displayed in the status line) and appear on the +active layer. The arc leaves the starting point towards the crosshair along +the axis whose distance from the crosshair is largest. Normally this means that +if you drag along the path you want the arc to follow, you'll get what you +want. If the grid is set to the arc radius, then the two distances will be +equal and you won't be able to get all of the possible directions. If this +is thwarting your desires, reduce the grid spacing (<EM>!Shift<Key>G</EM>) and +try again. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX65"></A> +<A NAME="IDX66"></A> +<A NAME="IDX67"></A> +<A NAME="IDX68"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC24" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC24">Polygons and Rectangles</A></H3> +<P> +A polygon is drawn by defining all of its segments as a series of +consecutive line segments. If the first point matches a new one and if +the number of points is greater than two, then the polygon is closed. +Since matching up with the first point may be difficult, you may use +<EM>Shift<Key>p</EM> to close the polygon. The <EM>Shift<Key>p</EM> won't +work if clipping to 45 degree lines is selected +and the final segment cannot match this condition. +I suggest you create simple convex polygons in order to avoid a strong +negative impact on the performance of the connection scanning routines. +The <EM>rectangle-mode</EM> is just an easy way to generate rectangular polygons. +<EM>Polygon-mode</EM> also is selected by <EM><Key>F6</EM> whereas +<EM>rectangle-mode</EM> uses <EM><Key>F4</EM>. +Pressing a <EM><Btn1Down></EM> at two locations creates a rectangle by +defining two of its corners. +<EM><Key>Insert</EM> brings you to <EM>insert-point-mode</EM> which lets you +add additional points to an already existing polygon. +Single points may be removed by moving the crosshair to them and selecting +one of the delete actions <EM>(remove-mode, BackSpace, or Delete</EM>. This only works +if the remaining polygon will still have three or more corners. +Pressing <EM><Key>u</EM> or <EM><Key>p</EM> while entering a new polygon +brings you back to the previous corner. Removing a point does not +force clipping to 45 degree angles (because it's not generally possible). +Newly created polygons will not connect to pins or vias +that pierce it unless you create a thermal (using the thermal mode) to make +the connection. If the edge of a polygon gets too close to a pin or via that +lies outside of it, a warning will be issued and the pin will be given a +special color. Increasing the distance between them will remove the warning +color. + + + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC25" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC25">Text</A></H3> +<P> +<A NAME="IDX69"></A> +<A NAME="IDX70"></A> +<A NAME="IDX71"></A> +Pressing <EM><Key>F5</EM> or clicking one of the text selector buttons +changes to <EM>text-mode</EM>. +Each successive notify event (<EM><Btn1Down></EM>) +pops up the input line at the bottom and queries for a string. +Enter it and press <EM><Key>Return</EM> to confirm or +<EM><Key>Escape</EM> to abort. +The text object is created with its upper left corner at the current pointer +location. +The initial scaling is changed by <EM><Key>t</EM> and +<EM>Shift<Key>t</EM> or from the <EM>Sizes</EM> menu. + + +<P> +Now switch to <EM>rotate-mode</EM> and press +<EM><Btn1Down></EM> at the text-objects location. Text objects +on the solder side of the layout are automatically mirrored and +flipped so that they are seen correctly when viewing the solder-side. + + +<P> +Use <EM><Key>n</EM> to edit the string. + + +<P> +<B>TEXT OBJECTS ON COPPER LAYERS CREATE COPPER LINES BUT THEY ARE NOT SCANNED FOR +CONNECTIONS</B>. If they are moved to the silkscreen layer, they +no longer create copper. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX72"></A> +<A NAME="IDX73"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC26" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC26">Vias</A></H3> +<P> +The initial size of new vias may be changed by <EM><Key>v</EM> and +<EM>Shift<Key>v</EM> or by selecting the appropriate entry from the +<EM>Sizes</EM> menu. <EM>Mod1<Key>v</EM> and <EM>Mod1 Shift<Key>v</EM> do +the same for the drilling hole of the via. +The statusline is updated with the new values. +Creating a via is similar to the other objects. Switch to <EM>via-mode</EM> +by using either the selector button or <EM><Key>F1</EM> then press +<EM><Key>]</EM> or <EM><Btn1Down></EM> to create one. +<EM><Key>n</EM> changes the name of a via. If you want to create a mounting +hole for your board, then you can place a via where you want the hole to +be then convert the via into a hole. The conversion is done by pressing +<EM>!Ctrl<Key>h</EM> with the crosshair over the via. Conceptually it is +still a via, but it has no copper annulus. If you create such a hole in +the middle of two polygons on different layers, it will short the layers. +Theoretically you could arrange for such a hole not to be plated, but a +metal screw inserted in the hole would still risk shorting the layers. +A good rule is to realize that holes in the board really are vias between +the layers and so place them where they won't interfere with connectivity. +You can convert a hole back into a normal via with the same keystroke used +to convery it in the first place. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX74"></A> +<A NAME="IDX75"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC27" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC27">Elements</A></H3> +<P> +Some of the functions related to elements only work if both the package +layer and the pin layer are switched on. + + +<P> +Now that you're familiar with many of the basic commands, it is +time to put the first element on the layout. +First of all, you have to load data into the paste buffer. +There are four ways to do this: + +<PRE> + 1) load the data from a library + 2) load the data from a file + 3) copy data from an already existing element + 4) convert objects in the buffer into an element +</PRE> + +<P> +We don't have any elements on the screen yet nor anything in the +buffer, so we use number one. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX76"></A> +<A NAME="IDX77"></A> +Select <EM>lsi</EM> from the menu in the library window press +<EM><Btn1Down></EM> twice at the appropriate text-line to get +the MC68030 CPU. +The data is loaded and the mode is switched to <EM>pastebuffer-mode</EM>. +Each notify event now creates one of these beasts. Leave the mode +by selecting a different one or by <EM><Key>Escape</EM> which resets +all modes.. +The crosshair is located at the <EM>mark</EM> position as defined by +the data file. Rotating the buffer contents is done by selecting +the <EM>rotate</EM> entry of the <EM>Buffer</EM> menu or by pressing +<EM>Shift<Key>F3</EM>. The contents of the buffer +are valid until new data is loaded into it either by a cut-to-buffer +operation, copy-to-buffer operation or by loading a new data file. +There are 5 buffers +available. Switching between them is done by selecting a menu entry or +by <EM>Shift<Key>1..5</EM>. +Each of the two board sides has its own buffers. + + +<P> +The release includes all data files for the circuits that are used +by the demo layout. The elements in the LED example are not found in the library, +but you can lift them from the example itself if you want. +If you have problems with the color of the crosshair, change the resource +<EM>crosshairColor</EM> setting to a different one. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX78"></A> +<A NAME="IDX79"></A> +<A NAME="IDX80"></A> +Now load a second circuit, the MC68882 FPU for example. +Create the circuit as explained above. You now have two different unnamed +elements. Unnamed means that the layout-name of the element +hasn't been set yet. Selecting <EM>description</EM> from the <EM>Display</EM> +menu displays the description string of the two circuits which +are CPU and FPU. The values of the circuits are set to MC68030 and MC68882. +Each of the names of an element may be changed +by <EM><Key>n</EM> at the elements location and editing the old name in +the bottom input line. Naming pins and vias is similar to elements. +You can hide the element name so that it won't appear on the board +silkscreen by pressing <EM><key>h</EM> with the cursor over the element. +Doing so again un-hides the element name. + + +<P> +Entering <KBD>:le</KBD> and selecting an element data file is +the second way to load circuits. + + +<P> +The third way to create a new element is to copy an existing one. +Please refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC29">Moving and Copying</A>. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX81"></A> +<A NAME="IDX82"></A> +<A NAME="IDX83"></A> +<A NAME="IDX84"></A> +The fourth way to create a new element is to convert a buffer's contents +into an element. Here's how it's done: Select the Via-tool from the +<EM>Tool pallette</EM>. Set the grid spacing to something appropriate for +the element pin spacing. Now create a series of vias where the pins +go. Create them in pin number order. It is often handy to place a reference +point (<EM>!Ctrl<Key>m</EM>) in the center of the first pin in order to measure +the location of the other pins. Next make a solder-side layer the active +layer from the <EM>active-layer</EM> popup menu. Now draw the outline of +the element using lines and arcs. When you're done, select everything that +makes up the element with a box selection (<EM><Btn3Down> drag, +<Btn3Up></EM>). Now select "cut selection to buffer" from the <EM>Buffer</EM> +menu. Position the cursor over the center of pin 1 and press the left +button to load the data into the buffer. +Finally select "convert buffer to element" from the <EM>Buffer</EM> menu. +You'll only want to create elements this way if they aren't already in the +library. It's also probably a good idea to do this before starting any of +the other aspects of a layout, but it isn't necessary. + + +<P> +To display the pinout of a circuit move to it and press <EM>Shift<Key>d</EM> +or select <EM>show pinout</EM> from the <EM>Objects</EM> menu. A new window +pops up and displays the complete pinout of the element. This display can +be difficult to read if the component has been rotated 90 degrees :-( +therefore, the new window will show an un-rotated view so the pin names +are readable. +<EM><Key>d</EM> displays the name of one or all pins/pads inside the +drawing area, this is only for display on-screen, it has no effect on any +printing of the layout. + + +<P> +You also may want to change a pin's or pad's current size by pressing +<EM><Key>s</EM> to increase or <EM>Shift<Key>s</EM> to decrease it. While +this is possible, it is not recommended since care was probably taken +to define the element structure in the first place. You can also change the thickness +of the element's silkscreen outline with the same keys. You can +change whether a pin or SMD pad is rounded or square with the <EM><Key>q</EM>. +SMD pads should usually have squared ends. Finally, you can change whether +the non-square pins are round or octagonal with the <EM>!Ctrl<Key>o</EM>. + + +<P> +SMD elements and silkscreen objects are drawn in the "invisible object" +color if they are located on the opposite side of the board. + + +<P> +For information on element connections refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC32">Connection Lists</A>. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX85"></A> +<A NAME="IDX86"></A> +<A NAME="IDX87"></A> +<A NAME="IDX88"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC28" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC28">Pastebuffer</A></H3> +<P> +The linestack and element-buffer of former releases have been replaced +by 5 multi-purpose buffers that are selected by +<EM>Shift<Key>1..5</EM>. The status line shows which buffer is +the active one. +You may load data from a file or layout into them. +Cut-and-paste works too. +If you followed the instructions earlier in this chapter you should +now have several objects on the screen. Move the crosshair to one of them +and press <EM><Btn3Down></EM> to toggle its selection flag. (If you drag the +mouse while the button is down, a box selection will be attempted instead +of toggling the selection.) The object +is redrawn in a different color. You also may want to try +moving the pointer while holding the third button down and +release it on a different location. This selects all objects inside the +rectangle and unselects everything else. If you want to add a box selection +to an existing selection, drag with <EM>Mod1<Btn3Down></EM> instead. +Dragging <EM>Shift Mod1<Btn3Down></EM> unselects objects in a box. +Now change to <EM>pastebuffer-mode</EM> and select some operations from the +<EM>Buffer</EM> menu. Copying objects to the buffer is available as +<EM>Mod1<Key>c</EM> while cutting them uses <EM>Mod1<Key>x</EM> as +shortcut. Both clear the buffer before new data is added. +If you use the menu entries, you have to supply a crosshair position by +pressing a mouse button. The objects are attached to the pastebuffer +relative to that crosshair location. +Element data or PCB data may be merged into an existing layout by loading +the datafiles into the pastebuffer. Both operations are available from +the <EM>File</EM> menu or as user commands. + + + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC29" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC29">Moving and Copying</A></H2> +<P> +<A NAME="IDX89"></A> +<A NAME="IDX90"></A> +<A NAME="IDX91"></A> +<A NAME="IDX92"></A> +All objects can be moved including element-names, by +<EM><Btn2Down></EM>, draging the pointer while holding the button down +and releasing it at the new location of the object. If you use +<EM>Mod1<Btn2Down></EM> instead, the object is copied. Copying does not work for +element-names of course. You can move all selected objects with +<EM>Shift <Btn1Down></EM>. This uses the Pastebuffer, so +it will remove whatever was previously in the Pastebuffer. +Please refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC28">Pastebuffer</A>. +If you want to give a small nudge to an object, but you don't think +that the mouse will give you the fine level of control that you want, +you can position the cursor over the object, press <EM><Key>[</EM>, +move it with the arrow keys, then press <EM><Key>]</EM> when it's at the +desired position. Remember that all movements are forced onto grid coordinates, so +you may want to change the grid spacing first. + + + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC30" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC30">Loading and Saving</A></H2> +<P> +<A NAME="IDX93"></A> +<A NAME="IDX94"></A> +<A NAME="IDX95"></A> +<A NAME="IDX96"></A> +After your first experience with <CODE>Pcb</CODE> you will probably want to save +your work. <KBD>:s name</KBD> passes the data to an external program which +is responsible for saving it. For details see <EM>saveCommand</EM> in +section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A>. +Saving also is available from the <EM>File</EM> menu, either with or +without supplying a filename. <CODE>Pcb</CODE> reuses the last +filename if you do not pass a new one to the save routine. + + +<P> +To load an existing layout either select <EM>load layout data</EM> from the +<EM>File</EM> menu or use <KBD>:l filename</KBD>. A file select box pops up if you +don't specify a filename. Merging existing layouts into the new one is +supported either by the <EM>File</EM> menu or by <KBD>:m filename</KBD>. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX97"></A> +<A NAME="IDX98"></A> +<A NAME="IDX99"></A> +<A NAME="IDX100"></A> +<A NAME="IDX101"></A> +<A NAME="IDX102"></A> +<CODE>Pcb</CODE> saves a backup of the current layout depending on the resource +<EM>backup</EM>. The file is named <TT>`/tmp/PCB.%i.backup'</TT>. During critical +sections of the program or when data would be lost it is saved as +<TT>`/tmp/PCB.%i.save'</TT>. +<EM>%i</EM> is replaced by the process ID. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX103"></A> +<A NAME="IDX104"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC31" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC31">Printing</A></H2> +<P> +<CODE>Pcb</CODE> now has support for device drivers, +<CODE>PostScript</CODE>, <EM>encapsulated PostScript</EM>, +and <EM>Gerber X</EM> drivers are +available so far. The <EM>Gerber X</EM> +driver generates a NC drill file for automated drilling. + I recommend the use of <CODE>GhostScript</CODE> if you +don't have a <CODE>PostScript</CODE> printer for handling the PostScript +output. Printing always generates +a complete set of files for a specified driver. +See the page about +the <EM>Print()</EM> action for addtional information about the filenames. +The control panel offers a number of options. Most of them are not avilable +for Gerber output because it wouldn't make sense, for example, to scale the gerber output +(you'd get an incorrectly made board!) The options are: + + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><SAMP>`device'</SAMP> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX105"></A> + <A NAME="IDX106"></A> + +The top menu button selects from the available device drivers. + +<A NAME="IDX107"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`rotate'</SAMP> +<DD> +Rotate layout 90 degrees counter-clockwise before printing (default). + +<A NAME="IDX108"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`mirror'</SAMP> +<DD> +Mirror layout before printing. Use this option depending +on your production line. + +<A NAME="IDX109"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`color'</SAMP> +<DD> +Created colored output. All colors will be converted to black if this option +is inactive. + +<A NAME="IDX110"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`outline'</SAMP> +<DD> +Add a board outline to the output file. The size is determined by the +maximum boardsize changeable from the <EM>sizes</EM> menu. The outline appears +on the top and bottom sides of the board, but not on the internal layers. +An outline can be useful for determining where to shear the board from the +panel, but be aware that it creates a copper line. Thus it has the potential +to cause short circuits if you don't leave enough room from your wiring +to the board edge. Use a viewer to see what the output outline looks like +if you want to know what it looks like. + +<A NAME="IDX111"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`alignment'</SAMP> +<DD> +Additional alignement targets are added to the output. The distances between +the board outline is set by the resource <EM>alignmentDistance</EM>. Alignment +targets should only be used if you know for certain that YOU WILL BE USING +THEM YOURSELF. It is extremely unlikely that you will want to have alignment +targets if you send gerber files to a commercial pcb manufacture to be made. + +<A NAME="IDX112"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`scaling'</SAMP> +<DD> +It's quite useful to enlarge your printout for checking the layout. +Use the scrollbar to adjust the scaling factor to your needs. + +<A NAME="IDX113"></A> +<A NAME="IDX114"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`media'</SAMP> +<DD> +Select the size of the output media from this menu. The user defined size +may be set by the resource <EM>media</EM> either from one of the well known +paper sizes or by a <CODE>X11</CODE> geometry specification. +This entry is only available if you use <CODE>X11R5</CODE> or later. +For earlier releases the user defined size or, if not available, <EM>A4</EM> +is used. +Well known size are: + +<PRE> + A3 + A4 + A5 + letter + tabloid + ledger + legal + executive +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX115"></A> +<A NAME="IDX116"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`offset'</SAMP> +<DD> +Adjust the offsets of the printout by using the panner at the right side +of the dialog box. +This entry is only available if you use <CODE>X11R5</CODE> or later. A zero +offset is used for earlier releases. + +<A NAME="IDX117"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`8.3 filenames'</SAMP> +<DD> +Select this button to generate DOS compatible filenames for the output files. +The <EM>command</EM> input area will disappear if selected. + +<A NAME="IDX118"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`commandline'</SAMP> +<DD> +Use this line to enter a command (starts with <KBD>|</KBD>) or a filename. +A %f is replaced by the current filename. +The default is set by the resource <EM>printCommand</EM>. + +</DL> + +<P> +The created file includes some labels which are guaranteed to stay unchanged +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><SAMP>`PCBMIN'</SAMP> +<DD> +identifies the lowest x and y coordinates in mil. + +<DT><SAMP>`PCBMAX'</SAMP> +<DD> +identifies the highest x and y coordinates in mil. + +<DT><SAMP>`PCBOFFSET'</SAMP> +<DD> +is set to the x and y offset in mil. + +<DT><SAMP>`PCBSCALE'</SAMP> +<DD> +is a floating point value which identifies the scaling factor. + +<DT><SAMP>`PCBSTARTDATA'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`PCBENDDATA'</SAMP> +<DD> +all layout data is included between these two marks. You may use them with an +<CODE>awk</CODE> script to produce several printouts on one piece of paper by +duplicating the code and putting some <CODE>translate</CODE> commands in front. +Note, the normal <CODE>PostScript</CODE> units are 1/72 inch. +</DL> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX119"></A> +<A NAME="IDX120"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC32" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC32">Connection Lists</A></H2> +<P> +After completing parts of your layout you may want to check if all drawn +connections match the ones you have in mind. This is probably best done +in conjunction with a net-list file: see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC34">Rats Nest</A>. +The following examples give more rudimentary ways to examine +the connections. + +<PRE> + 1) create at least two elements and name them + 2) create some connections between their pins + 3) optionally add some vias and connections to them +</PRE> + +<P> +Now select <EM>lookup connection</EM> from the <EM>Connections</EM> menu, +move the cursor to a pin or via and press any mouse button. <CODE>Pcb</CODE> +will look for all other pins and/or vias connected to the one you have +selected and display the objects in a different color. +Now try some of the reset options available from the same menu. + + +<P> +There also is a way to scan all connections of one element. Select +<EM>a single element</EM> from the menu and press any button at the +element's location. All connections of this element will be saved +to the specified file. +Either the layout name of the element or its canonical name is used to +identify pins depending on the one which is displayed on the screen +(may be changed by <EM>Display</EM> menu). + + +<P> +An automatic scan of all elements is initiated by choosing +<EM>all elements</EM>. It behaves in a similar fashion to scanning a single +element except the resource <EM>resetAfterElement</EM> +is used to determine if connections should be reset before a new element is +scanned. Doing so will produce very long lists because the power lines are +rescanned for every element. By default the resource is set to <EM>false</EM> +for this reason. + + +<P> +To scan for unconnected pins select <EM>unused pins</EM> from the same +menu. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX121"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC33" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC33">Selection</A></H2> +<P> +Some commands mentioned earlier in this chapter also are able to operate on all +selected and visible objects. +Now go back to the layout and toggle the selection flag of a single one +by <EM><Btn3Down></EM>. Try <EM><Btn3Down></EM>, move the pointer while +holding the button down and release it on a different location. +This selects all objects inside the rectangle and unselects everything else. +Dragging with <EM>Mod1<Btn3Down></EM> adds everything in the box to the +existing selection. Dragging <EM>Shift <Btn3Down></EM> unselects objects in the +box. + + +<P> +The entries of the <EM>Selection</EM> menu are hopefully self-explanatory. +Many of the <EM>Action Commands</EM> can take various key words that make +them function on all or some of the selected items. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX122"></A> +<A NAME="IDX123"></A> +<A NAME="IDX124"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC34" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC34">Rats Nest</A></H2> +<P> +If you have a netlist that corresponds to the layout you are working on, you +can use the rats-nest feature to add rat-lines to the layout. +First you will need to load a netlist file (see <EM>:rn</EM>, +section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC36">User Commands</A>). +<EM><Key>w</EM> adds rat-lines on the active layer using the current +line thickness shown in the status line (usually you'll want them to be thin lines). +Only those rat-lines that fill in missing connectivity (since you have +probably routed some connections already) are added. +If the layout is already completely wired, nothing will be added, and you will +get a message that the wiring is complete. + + +<P> +Rat-lines are lines having the special property that they only connect to pins and +pads at their end points. Rat-lines are drawn on the screen with a stippled pattern +to make them easier to identify since they have special behavior and cannot +remain in a completed layout. +Rat-lines are added in the minimum length straight-line tree pattern +(always ending on pins or pads) that satisfies the missing connectivity in the circuit. +Used in connection with moves and rotates of the elements, they are extremely useful for +deciding where to place elements on the board. The rat-lines will always automatically +rubberband to the elements whether or not the rubberband mode is on. The only way for +you to move them is by moving the parts they connect to. +This is because it is never desireable to have the rat-lines disconnected from +their element pins. Rat-lines will normally criss-cross +all over which gives rise to the name "rats nest" describing a layout connected with +them. If a SMD pad is unreachable on the active layer, a warning will be issued +about it and the rat-line to that pad will not be generated. + + +<P> +A common way to use rats nests is to place some +elements on the board, add the rat-lines, and then use a series of moves/rotates of the +elements until the rats nest appears to have minimum tangling. You may want to iterate this step +several times. Don't worry if the layout looks messy - as long as you can get a sense for whether +the criss-crossing is better or worse as you move things, you're fine. +After moving some elements arround, you may want to optimize the rats nest <EM><Key>o</EM> +so that the lines are drawn between the closest points (this can change once you've moved components). +Adding rat-lines only to selected pads/pins (<EM>Shift<Key>w</EM>) +is often useful to layout a circuit a little bit at a time. +Sometimes you'll want to delete all the rat-lines (<EM><Key>e</EM>) or +selected rat-lines (<EM>Shift<Key>e</EM>) in order to reduce confusion. +With a little practice you'll be able to achieve a near optimal component placement with +the use of a rats nest. + + +<P> +Rat-lines are not only used for assisting your element placement, they can also help +you to route traces on the board. +Use the <EM><Key>m</EM> to convert a rat-line under the cursor into +a normal line on the active layer. +Inserting a point into a rat-line will also cause the two new lines to be normal lines +on the board. +Another way that you can use rat-lines is to +use the <EM><Key>f</EM> with the cursor over a pad or pin. All of the pins and +pads and rat-lines belonging to that net will be highlighted. This is a helpful way to +distinguish one net from the rest of the rats nest. You can then route those tracks, +turn off the highlighting (<EM>Shift<Key>f</EM>) and repeat the process. This will work even +if the layer that the rat-lines reside on is made invisible - so only the pins and pads +are highlighted. +Be sure to erase the rat-lines (<EM><Key>e</EM> erases them all) once you've +duplicated their connectivity by adding your own lines. +When in doubt, the <EM><Key>o</EM> will delete only those +rat-lines that are no longer needed. + + +<P> +If connections exist on the board that are not listed in the netlist when +<EM><Key>w</EM> is pressed, warning messages are issued and the affected pins and +pads are drawn in a special <EM>warnColor</EM> until the next <EM>Notify()</EM> event. +If the entire layout agrees completely with the netlist, a message informs you that +the layout is complete and no rat-lines will be added (since none are needed). +If the layout is complete, but still has rat-lines then you will be warned +that rat-lines remain. If you get no message at all it's probably because some +elements listed in the net list can't be found and where reported in an earlier +message. +There shouldn't be any rat-lines left in a completed layout, only normal lines. + + +<P> +The <EM>Shift<Key>w</EM> is used to add rat-lines to only those missing connections among +the selected pins and pads. This can be used to add rat-lines in an incremental +manner, or to force a rat-line to route between two points that are not the +closest points within the net. Often it is best to add the rats nest in an incremental fashion, laying +out a sub-section of the board before going further. This is easy to accomplish since +new rat-lines are never added where routed connectivity already makes the necessary +connections. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX125"></A> +<A NAME="IDX126"></A> +<A NAME="IDX127"></A> +<A NAME="IDX128"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC35" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC35">Design Rule Checking</A></H2> +<P> +After you've finished laying out a board, you may want to check +to be certain that none of your interconnections are too closely +spaced or too tenuously touching to be reliably fabricated. The design +rule checking (DRC) function does this for you. Use the command ":DRC()" (without +the quotes of course) to invoke the checker. If there are no problem areas, +you'll get a message to that effect. If any problem is encountered, you will get +a message about it and the affected traces will be highlighted. One part of the +tracks of concern will be selected, while the other parts of concern will have the +"FindConnection" highlighting. The screen will automatically be centered in the +middle of the object having the "FindConnection" (Green) highlighting. The middle of +the object is also the coordinates reported to be "near" the problem. The actual trouble +region will be somewhere on the boundary of this object. If the two parts are +from different nets then there is some place where they approach each +other closer than the minimum rule. If the parts are from the same net, then +there is place where they are only barely connected. Find that place and connect +them better. + + +<P> +After a DRC error is found and corrected you must run the DRC again because +the search for errors is halted as soon as the first problem is found. Unless you've +been extremely careless there should be no more than a few design rule errors +in your layout. The DRC checker does not check for minimum spacing rules to +copper text, so always be very careful when adding copper text to a layout. +The rules for the DRC are specified in the application resource file. The minimum +spacing value (in mils) is given by the <EM>Settings.Bloat</EM> value. The default +is 7 mils. The minimum touching overlap (in mils) is given by the +<EM>Settings.Shrink</EM> value. This value defaults to 5 mils. Check with your +fabrication process people to determine the values that are right for you. + + +<P> +If you want to turn off the highlighting produced by the DRC, perform an +undo (assuming no other changes have been made). To restore the highlighting, +use redo. The redo will restore the highlighting quickly without re-running +the DRC checker. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX129"></A> +<A NAME="IDX130"></A> + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC36" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC36">User Commands</A></H1> +<P> +The entering of user-commands is initiated by the action routine +<EM>Command()</EM> (the <CODE>(":")</CODE> character) and finished by either +<EM><Key>Return</EM> +or <EM><Key>Escape</EM> to confirm or to abort. These two keybindings +cannot be changed from the resource file. +The triggering event, normally a key press, is ignored. +The input area will replace the bottom statusline. It pops +up when <EM>Command()</EM> is called. The arguments of the user-commands +are passed to the external commands without modification. +See also, the resource <EM>saveInTMP</EM>. + + +<P> +There are simple <EM>usage</EM> dialogs for each command and one for the +complete set of commands. + + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><SAMP>`l [filename]'</SAMP> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX131"></A> + <A NAME="IDX132"></A> + <A NAME="IDX133"></A> + +Loads a new datafile (layout) and, if confirmed, overwrites any existing unsaved data. +The filename and the searchpath (<EM>filePath</EM>) are passed to the +command defined by <EM>fileCommand</EM>. +If no filename is specified a file select box will popup. + +<A NAME="IDX134"></A> +<A NAME="IDX135"></A> +<A NAME="IDX136"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`le [filename]'</SAMP> +<DD> +Loads an element description into the paste buffer. +The filename and the searchpath (<EM>elementPath</EM>) are passed to the +command defined by <EM>elementCommand</EM>. +If no filename is specified a file select box will popup. + +<A NAME="IDX137"></A> +<A NAME="IDX138"></A> +<A NAME="IDX139"></A> +<A NAME="IDX140"></A> +<A NAME="IDX141"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`m [filename]'</SAMP> +<DD> +Loads an layout file into the paste buffer. +The filename and the searchpath (<EM>filePath</EM>) are passed to the +command defined by <EM>fileCommand</EM>. +If no filename is specified a file select box will popup. + +<A NAME="IDX142"></A> +<A NAME="IDX143"></A> +<A NAME="IDX144"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`q[!]'</SAMP> +<DD> +Quits the program without saving any data (after confirmation). +q! doesn't ask for confirmation, it just quits. + +<A NAME="IDX145"></A> +<A NAME="IDX146"></A> +<A NAME="IDX147"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`s [filename]'</SAMP> +<DD> +Data and the filename are passed to the command defined by the resource +<EM>saveCommand</EM>. It must read the layout data from <EM>stdin</EM>. +If no filename is entered, either the last one is used +again or, if it is not available, a file select box will pop up. + +<A NAME="IDX148"></A> +<A NAME="IDX149"></A> +<A NAME="IDX150"></A> +<A NAME="IDX151"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`rn [filename]'</SAMP> +<DD> +Reads in a netlist file. If no filename is given +a file select box will pop up. +The file is read via the command defined by the +<EM>RatCommand</EM> resource. The command must send its output to <EM>stdout</EM>. +The netlist received by pcb must have this simple text form: + +netname NAME-PINNUM NAME2-PINNUM2 NAME3-PINNUM3 ... [\] + +where "netname" is the name of the net (currently its value is ignored but +it must be present nonetheless), +NAME is the layout-name given to an element, and PINNUM is the (usually numeric) +pin number of the element that is part of the net (see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC6">Elements</A> +for details on pin numbering). +Spaces or tabs separate the fields. +If the line ends with a "\" the +net continues on the next line and the "\" is treated exactly as if it +were a space. If the NAME ends with a lower-case letter, +all lower-case letters are stripped from end of the NAME to determine the +matching name-on-board name. For example: + +Data U1-3 U2abc-4 FLOP1a-7 Uabc3-A9 + +would specifiy that pin 3 of U1 be connected to pin 4 of U2, to pin 7 of +FLOP1 and to pin A9 of Uabc3. Note that if pin numbers contain alphabetic +characters, they must match the case contained in the "number" string defining the +pin number on the cooresponding element. +It is up to you to name the elements so that their layout-names agrees with the netlist. +Netlists are used for generating rats nest (see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC34">Rats Nest</A>) and for +verifying the board layout (which is also accomplished by the <EM>Ratsnest</EM> +command. + +<A NAME="IDX152"></A> +<A NAME="IDX153"></A> +<A NAME="IDX154"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`w[q] [filename]'</SAMP> +<DD> +These commands have been added for the convenience of <CODE>vi</CODE> users and +have the same functionality as <EM>s</EM> combined with <EM>q</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX155"></A> +<A NAME="IDX156"></A> +<A NAME="IDX157"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`actionCommand'</SAMP> +<DD> +Causes the actionCommand to be executed. This allows you to initiate actions +for which no bindings exist in the resource file. It can be used to initiate any +action with whatever arguments you enter. This makes it possible to do things +that otherwise would be extremely tedious. For example, to change the drilling +hole diameter of all vias in the layout to 32 mils, you could select everything using the +selection menu, then type "<EM>:ChangeDrillSize(SelectedVias, 32)</EM>". (This will +only work provided the via's diameter is sufficiently large to accomodate a 32 mil hole). +Another example might be to set the grid to 1 mil by typing "<EM>:SetValue(Grid, 1)</EM>". +Note that some actions use the current cursor location, so be sure to place the cursor +where you want before entering the command. This is one of my favorite new +features in 1.5 and can be a powerful tool. Study the section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC42">Actions</A> section to +see what actions are available. + +</DL> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX158"></A> +<A NAME="IDX159"></A> + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC37" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC37">Command-Line Options</A></H1> +<P> +There are several resources which may be set or reset in addition to the +standard toolkit command-line options. For a complete list refer to +section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A>. + + +<P> +The synopsis is: + + +<P> +<CODE>pcb [-option ...] [-toolkit_option ...] [layout-file]</CODE> + + +<P> +or + + +<P> +<CODE>pcb -specialoption</CODE> + + + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC38">Options</A>: <CODE>Pcb</CODE> command-line options. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC39">Special Options</A>: Version and copyright information. +</UL> + + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC38" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC38">Options</A></H2> +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><SAMP>`-alldirections/+alldirections'</SAMP> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX160"></A> + <A NAME="IDX161"></A> + <A NAME="IDX162"></A> + <A NAME="IDX163"></A> + <A NAME="IDX164"></A> + +Disables or enables line clipping to 45 degree angles. Overwrites the +resource <EM>allDirectionLines</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX165"></A> +<A NAME="IDX166"></A> +<A NAME="IDX167"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-backup value'</SAMP> +<DD> +Time between two backups in seconds. Passing zero disables the backup feature. +Overwrites the resource <EM>backupInterval</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX168"></A> +<A NAME="IDX169"></A> +<A NAME="IDX170"></A> +<A NAME="IDX171"></A> +<A NAME="IDX172"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-c value'</SAMP> +<DD> +Number of characters per output line. The resource <EM>charactersPerLine</EM> is +overwritten. + +<A NAME="IDX173"></A> +<A NAME="IDX174"></A> +<A NAME="IDX175"></A> +<A NAME="IDX176"></A> +<A NAME="IDX177"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-fontfile filename'</SAMP> +<DD> +The default set of symbols (font) for a new layout is read from this file. +All directories as defined by the resource <EM>fontPath</EM> are scanned +for the file. The scan is only performed if the filename doesn't contain +a directory component. The <EM>fontFile</EM> resource is changed. + +<A NAME="IDX178"></A> +<A NAME="IDX179"></A> +<A NAME="IDX180"></A> +<A NAME="IDX181"></A> +<A NAME="IDX182"></A> +<A NAME="IDX183"></A> +<A NAME="IDX184"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-lelement command-line'</SAMP> +<DD> +Sets the command to be executed when an element is loaded from a file to the +paste buffer. The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested filename +and the searchpath to the command. It must write the data to its +standard output. The related resource is <EM>elementCommand</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX185"></A> +<A NAME="IDX186"></A> +<A NAME="IDX187"></A> +<A NAME="IDX188"></A> +<A NAME="IDX189"></A> +<A NAME="IDX190"></A> +<A NAME="IDX191"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-lfile command-line'</SAMP> +<DD> +Sets the command to be executed when a new layout is loaded from a file. +The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested filename +and the searchpath to the command. It must write the data to its +standard output. The related resource is <EM>fileCommand</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX192"></A> +<A NAME="IDX193"></A> +<A NAME="IDX194"></A> +<A NAME="IDX195"></A> +<A NAME="IDX196"></A> +<A NAME="IDX197"></A> +<A NAME="IDX198"></A> +<A NAME="IDX199"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-lfont command-line'</SAMP> +<DD> +Sets the command to be executed when a font is loaded from a file. +The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested filename +and the searchpath to the command. It must write the data to its +standard output. The related resource is <EM>fontCommand</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX200"></A> +<A NAME="IDX201"></A> +<A NAME="IDX202"></A> +<A NAME="IDX203"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-lg layergroups'</SAMP> +<DD> +This option overwrites the resource <EM>layerGroups</EM>. See its description +for more information. The value is used for new layouts only. + +<A NAME="IDX204"></A> +<A NAME="IDX205"></A> +<A NAME="IDX206"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-libname filename'</SAMP> +<DD> +The default filename for the library. Overwrites the resource +<EM>libraryFilename</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX207"></A> +<A NAME="IDX208"></A> +<A NAME="IDX209"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-libpath path'</SAMP> +<DD> +The default search path for the the library. Overwrites the resource +<EM>libraryPath</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX210"></A> +<A NAME="IDX211"></A> +<A NAME="IDX212"></A> +<A NAME="IDX213"></A> +<A NAME="IDX214"></A> +<A NAME="IDX215"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-llib command-line'</SAMP> +<DD> +Sets the command to be executed when an element is loaded from the library. +The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested filename +and the searchpath to the command. %a is replaces by the three arguments +<EM>template</EM>, <EM>value</EM> and <EM>package</EM>. The command must write +the data to its standard output. The related resource is <EM>libraryCommand</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX216"></A> +<A NAME="IDX217"></A> +<A NAME="IDX218"></A> +<A NAME="IDX219"></A> +<A NAME="IDX220"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-llibcont command-line'</SAMP> +<DD> +The command lists the contents of the library. +The command may contain %f and %p to pass the library filename +and the searchpath to the command. Also refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC50">Library File Format</A> +and section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC49">Library Contents File Format</A>. +The related resource is <EM>libraryContentsCommand</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX221"></A> +<A NAME="IDX222"></A> +<A NAME="IDX223"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-loggeometry geometry'</SAMP> +<DD> +Determines the geometry of the log window. + +<A NAME="IDX224"></A> +<A NAME="IDX225"></A> +<A NAME="IDX226"></A> +<A NAME="IDX227"></A> +<A NAME="IDX228"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-pnl value'</SAMP> +<DD> +Restricts the displayed length of the name of a pin in the pinout window to +the passed value. See also, the resource <EM>pinoutNameLength</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX229"></A> +<A NAME="IDX230"></A> +<A NAME="IDX231"></A> +<A NAME="IDX232"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-pz value'</SAMP> +<DD> +Sets the zoom factor for the pinout window according to the formula: +scale = 1:(2 power value). The related resource is <EM>pinoutZoom</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX233"></A> +<A NAME="IDX234"></A> +<A NAME="IDX235"></A> +<A NAME="IDX236"></A> +<A NAME="IDX237"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-reset/+reset'</SAMP> +<DD> +If enabled, all connections are reset after each element is scanned. +This feature is only used while scanning connections to all elements. +See also, <EM>resetAfterElement</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX238"></A> +<A NAME="IDX239"></A> +<A NAME="IDX240"></A> +<A NAME="IDX241"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-ring/+ring'</SAMP> +<DD> +Overrides the resource <EM>ringBellWhenFinished</EM>. If enabled, the bell +sounds when connection searching has finished. + +<A NAME="IDX242"></A> +<A NAME="IDX243"></A> +<A NAME="IDX244"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-rs string'</SAMP> +<DD> +Overrides the resource <EM>routeStyle</EM>. The string defines a colon +separated list of route styles. The route styles consist of a +comma separated list of name, line thickness, via diameter, and via drill size. +e.g. "Fat,50,100,40:Skinny,8,35,20:75Ohm,110,110,20" + +<A NAME="IDX245"></A> +<A NAME="IDX246"></A> +<A NAME="IDX247"></A> +<A NAME="IDX248"></A> +<A NAME="IDX249"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-s/+s'</SAMP> +<DD> +Enables/Disables the saving of the previous commandline. Overrides the +<EM>saveLastCommand</EM> resource. + +<A NAME="IDX250"></A> +<A NAME="IDX251"></A> +<A NAME="IDX252"></A> +<A NAME="IDX253"></A> +<A NAME="IDX254"></A> +<A NAME="IDX255"></A> +<A NAME="IDX256"></A> +<A NAME="IDX257"></A> +<A NAME="IDX258"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-save/+save'</SAMP> +<DD> +See the resource description of <EM>saveInTMP</EM> for details. + +<A NAME="IDX259"></A> +<A NAME="IDX260"></A> +<A NAME="IDX261"></A> +<A NAME="IDX262"></A> +<A NAME="IDX263"></A> +<A NAME="IDX264"></A> +<A NAME="IDX265"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-sfile command-line'</SAMP> +<DD> +Sets the command to be executed when an layout file is saved. +The command may contain %f which is replaced by the filename. The command +must read its data from the standard input. +The resource <EM>saveCommand</EM> is overwritten. + +<A NAME="IDX266"></A> +<A NAME="IDX267"></A> +<A NAME="IDX268"></A> +<A NAME="IDX269"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-size <width>x<height>'</SAMP> +<DD> +Overrides the resource <EM>size</EM> which determines the maximum size +of a layout. + +<A NAME="IDX270"></A> +<A NAME="IDX271"></A> +<A NAME="IDX272"></A> +<A NAME="IDX273"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-v value'</SAMP> +<DD> +Sets the volume of the X speaker. The value is passed to <CODE>XBell()</CODE> and +must be in the range -100..100. + +</DL> + + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC39" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC39">Special Options</A></H2> +<P> +There are some special options available in addition to normal command line +options. Each of these must be the only option specified on a command line. +The available special options are: + + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><SAMP>`-copyright'</SAMP> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX274"></A> + <A NAME="IDX275"></A> + +Prints out the copyright notice and terminates. + +<A NAME="IDX276"></A> +<A NAME="IDX277"></A> +<A NAME="IDX278"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-version'</SAMP> +<DD> +Prints out the version ID and terminates. + +<A NAME="IDX279"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`-help'</SAMP> +<DD> +Prints out the usage message and terminates. + +</DL> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX280"></A> + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC40" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC40">X11 Interface</A></H1> +<P> +This chapter gives an overview about the additional <CODE>X11</CODE> resources which +are defined by <CODE>Pcb</CODE> as well as the defined action routines. + + + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC41">Resources</A>: Non-standard <CODE>X11</CODE> application resources. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC42">Actions</A>: A list of available action routines. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC43">Translations</A>: A list of the default key translations (as shipped). +</UL> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX281"></A> +<A NAME="IDX282"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC41" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC41">Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</A></H2> +<P> +In addition to the toolkit resources, <CODE>Pcb</CODE> defines the +following resources: + + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><SAMP>`absoluteGrid (boolean)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX283"></A> + <A NAME="IDX284"></A> + +Selects if either the grid is relative to the position where it has changed +last or absolute, the default, to the origin (0,0). + +<A NAME="IDX285"></A> +<A NAME="IDX286"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`alignmentDistance (dimension)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Specifies the distance between the boards outline to the alignment targets. + +<A NAME="IDX287"></A> +<A NAME="IDX288"></A> +<A NAME="IDX289"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`allDirectionLines (boolean)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Enables (default) or disables clipping of new lines to 45 degree angles. + +<A NAME="IDX290"></A> +<A NAME="IDX291"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`backupInterval (int)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<CODE>Pcb</CODE> has an automatic backup feature which saves the current data +every n seconds. The default is <EM>300</EM> seconds. A value of zero disables +the feature. The backup file is named <TT>`/tmp/PCB.%i.backup'</TT>. +<EM>%i</EM> is replaced by the process ID. +See also, the command-line option <EM>-backup</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX292"></A> +<A NAME="IDX293"></A> +<A NAME="IDX294"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Bloat (dimension)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Specifies the minimum spacing design rule in mils. + +<A NAME="IDX295"></A> +<A NAME="IDX296"></A> +<A NAME="IDX297"></A> +<A NAME="IDX298"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`charactersPerLine (int)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<CODE>Pcb</CODE> uses this value to determine the page width when creating lists. +N, the number of characters per line, defaults to <EM>80</EM>. +See also, the command-line option <EM>-c</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX299"></A> +<A NAME="IDX300"></A> +<A NAME="IDX301"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`connectedColor (color)'</SAMP> +<DD> +All pins, vias, lines and rectangles which are selected during a connection +search are drawn with this color. The default value is determined by +<EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX302"></A> +<A NAME="IDX303"></A> +<A NAME="IDX304"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`crosshairColor (color)'</SAMP> +<DD> +This color is used to draw the crosshair cursor. The color is a result of +a <EM>XOR</EM> operation with the contents of the drawing area. The result +also depends on the default colormap of the <CODE>X11</CODE> server because only +the colormap index is used in the boolean operation and <CODE>Pcb</CODE> doesn't +create its own colormap. The default setting is <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX305"></A> +<A NAME="IDX306"></A> +<A NAME="IDX307"></A> +<A NAME="IDX308"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`elementColor (color)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`elementSelectedColor (color)'</SAMP> +<DD> +The elements package part is drawn in these colors, for normal and selected +mode, respectively, which both default to <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX309"></A> +<A NAME="IDX310"></A> +<A NAME="IDX311"></A> +<A NAME="IDX312"></A> +<A NAME="IDX313"></A> +<A NAME="IDX314"></A> +<A NAME="IDX315"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`elementCommand (string)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<CODE>Pcb</CODE> uses a user defined command to read element files. This resources +is used to set the command which is executed by the users default shell. +Two escape sequences are defined to pass the selected filename (%f) and the +current search path (%p). The command must write the element data +to its standard output. The default value is + +<PRE> + M4PATH="%p";export M4PATH;echo 'include(%f)' | m4 +</PRE> + +Using the GNU version of <CODE>m4</CODE> is highly recommended. +See also, the command-line option <EM>-lelement</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX316"></A> +<A NAME="IDX317"></A> +<A NAME="IDX318"></A> +<A NAME="IDX319"></A> +<A NAME="IDX320"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`elementPath (string)'</SAMP> +<DD> +A colon separated list of directories or commands (starts with '|'). +The path is passed to the program specified in <EM>elementCommand</EM> together +with the selected elementname. A specified command will be executed in order +to create entries for the fileselect box. It must write its results to +<EM>stdout</EM> one entry per line. +See also, the user-command <EM>le[!]</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX321"></A> +<A NAME="IDX322"></A> +<A NAME="IDX323"></A> +<A NAME="IDX324"></A> +<A NAME="IDX325"></A> +<A NAME="IDX326"></A> +<A NAME="IDX327"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`fileCommand (string)'</SAMP> +<DD> +The command is executed by the user's default shell whenever existing layout +files are loaded. Data is read from the command's standard output. +Two escape sequences may be specified to pass the selected filename (%f) +and the current search path (%p). The default value is: + +<PRE> + cat %f +</PRE> + +See also, the command-line option <EM>-lfile</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX328"></A> +<A NAME="IDX329"></A> +<A NAME="IDX330"></A> +<A NAME="IDX331"></A> +<A NAME="IDX332"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`filePath (string)'</SAMP> +<DD> +A colon separated list of directories or commands (starts with '|'). +The path is passed to the program specified in <EM>fileCommand</EM> together +with the selected filename. A specified command will be executed in order +to create entries for the fileselect box. It must write its results to +<EM>stdout</EM> one entry per line. +See also, the user-command <EM>l[!]</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX333"></A> +<A NAME="IDX334"></A> +<A NAME="IDX335"></A> +<A NAME="IDX336"></A> +<A NAME="IDX337"></A> +<A NAME="IDX338"></A> +<A NAME="IDX339"></A> +<A NAME="IDX340"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`fontCommand (string)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Loading new symbol sets also is handled by an external command. You again +may pass the selected filename and the current search path by passing +%f and %p in the command string. Data is read from the commands standard +output. This command defaults to + +<PRE> + cat %f +</PRE> + +See also, the command-line option <EM>-lfont</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX341"></A> +<A NAME="IDX342"></A> +<A NAME="IDX343"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`fontFile (string)'</SAMP> +<DD> +The default font for new layouts is read from this file which is searched +in the directories as defined by the resource <EM>fontPath</EM>. +Searching is only performed if the filename does not contain a directory +component. +The default filename is <TT>`default_font'</TT>. +See also, the command-line option <EM>-fontfile</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX344"></A> +<A NAME="IDX345"></A> +<A NAME="IDX346"></A> +<A NAME="IDX347"></A> +<A NAME="IDX348"></A> +<A NAME="IDX349"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`fontPath (string)'</SAMP> +<DD> +This resource, a colon separated list of directories, defines the searchpath +for font files. See also, the resource <EM>fontFile</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX350"></A> +<A NAME="IDX351"></A> +<A NAME="IDX352"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`grid (int)'</SAMP> +<DD> +This resources defines the initial value of one cursor step. It defaults +to <EM>100 mil</EM> and any changes are saved together with the layout data. + +<A NAME="IDX353"></A> +<A NAME="IDX354"></A> +<A NAME="IDX355"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`gridColor (color)'</SAMP> +<DD> +This color is used to draw the grid. The color is a result of +a <EM>INVERT</EM> operation with the contents of the drawing area. The result +also depends on the default colormap of the <CODE>X11</CODE> server because only +the colormap index is used in the boolean operation and <CODE>Pcb</CODE> doesn't +create its own colormap. The default setting is <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX356"></A> +<A NAME="IDX357"></A> +<A NAME="IDX358"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`elementColor (color)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Elements localted on the opposite side of the board are drawn in this color. +The default is <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX359"></A> +<A NAME="IDX360"></A> +<A NAME="IDX361"></A> +<A NAME="IDX362"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`layerColor1..8 (color)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`layerSelectedColor1..8 (color)'</SAMP> +<DD> +These resources define the drawing colors of the different layers in +normal and selected state. All values are preset to <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX363"></A> +<A NAME="IDX364"></A> +<A NAME="IDX365"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`layerGroups (string)'</SAMP> +<DD> +The argument to this resource is a colon separated list of comma separated +layernumbers (1..8). All layers within one group are switched on/off +together. The default setting is <EM>1:2:3:...:8</EM> which means +all layers are handled separatly. Grouping layers one to three looks like +<EM>1,2,3:4:...:8</EM> +See also, the command-line option <EM>-lg</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX366"></A> +<A NAME="IDX367"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`layerName1..8 (string)'</SAMP> +<DD> +The default name of the layers in a new layout are determined by these +resources. The defaults are empty strings. + +<A NAME="IDX368"></A> +<A NAME="IDX369"></A> +<A NAME="IDX370"></A> +<A NAME="IDX371"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`libraryCommand (string)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<CODE>Pcb</CODE> uses a command to read element data from libraries. +The resources is used to set the command which is executed by the users +default shell. Three escape sequences are defined to pass the selected +filename (%f), the current search path (%p) as well (%a) as the three +parameters <EM>template</EM>, <EM>value</EM> and <EM>package</EM> to the command. +It must write the element data to its standard output. The default value is + +<PRE> + /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb/QueryLibrary.sh %p %f %a +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX372"></A> +<A NAME="IDX373"></A> +<A NAME="IDX374"></A> +<A NAME="IDX375"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`libraryContentsCommand (string)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Similar to <EM>libraryCommand</EM>, <CODE>Pcb</CODE> uses the command specified +by this resource to list the contents of a library. + +<PRE> + /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb/ListLibraryContents.sh %p %f +</PRE> + +is the default. + +<A NAME="IDX376"></A> +<A NAME="IDX377"></A> +<A NAME="IDX378"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`libraryFilename (string)'</SAMP> +<DD> +The resource specifies the name of the library. The default value is +<EM>pcblib</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX379"></A> +<A NAME="IDX380"></A> +<A NAME="IDX381"></A> +<A NAME="IDX382"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`libraryPath (string)'</SAMP> +<DD> +A colon separated list of directories that will be passed to the commands +specified by <EM>elementCommand</EM> and <EM>elementContentsCommand</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX383"></A> +<A NAME="IDX384"></A> +<A NAME="IDX385"></A> +<A NAME="IDX386"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`lineThickness (dimension)'</SAMP> +<DD> +The value, int the range [1..250], defines the +initial thickness of new lines. The value is preset to <EM>ten mil</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX387"></A> +<A NAME="IDX388"></A> +<A NAME="IDX389"></A> +<A NAME="IDX390"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`media (<predefined> | <width>x<height>+-<left_margin>+-<top_margin>)'</SAMP> +<DD> +The default (user defined) media of the <CODE>PostScript</CODE> device. Predefined +values are <EM>a3</EM>, <EM>a4</EM>, <EM>a5</EM>, <EM>letter</EM>, <EM>tabloit</EM>, +<EM>ledger</EM>, <EM>legal</EM>, and <EM>executive</EM>. +The second way is to specify the medias width, height and margins in mil. +The resource defaults to <EM>a4</EM> size. + +<A NAME="IDX391"></A> +<A NAME="IDX392"></A> +<A NAME="IDX393"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`offLimitColor (color)'</SAMP> +<DD> +The area outside the current maximum settings for width and height is drawn +with this color. The default value is determined by <EM>XtDefaultBackground</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX394"></A> +<A NAME="IDX395"></A> +<A NAME="IDX396"></A> +<A NAME="IDX397"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`pinColor (color)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`pinSelectedColor(color)'</SAMP> +<DD> +This resource defines the drawing color of pins and pads in both states. +The values are preset to <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX398"></A> +<A NAME="IDX399"></A> +<A NAME="IDX400"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`pinoutFont (string)'</SAMP> +<DD> +This fonts are used to display pin names. There is one font for each zoom +value. The values are preset to <EM>XtdefaultFont</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX401"></A> +<A NAME="IDX402"></A> +<A NAME="IDX403"></A> +<A NAME="IDX404"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`pinoutNameLength (int)'</SAMP> +<DD> +This resource limits the number of characters which are displayed for +pin names in the pinout window. By default the string length is limited +to <EM>eight</EM> characters per name. +See also, the command-line option <EM>-pnl</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX405"></A> +<A NAME="IDX406"></A> +<A NAME="IDX407"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`pinoutOffsetX (int)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`pinoutOffsetY (int)'</SAMP> +<DD> +These resources determine the offset in <EM>mil</EM> of the circuit from the +upper left corner of the window when displaying pinout information. +Both default to <EM>100 mil</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX408"></A> +<A NAME="IDX409"></A> +<A NAME="IDX410"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`pinoutTextOffsetX (int)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`pinoutTextOffsetY (int)'</SAMP> +<DD> +The resources determine the distance in mil between the drilling hole of a pin +to the location where its name is displayed in the pinout window. +They default to <EM>X:50</EM> and <EM>Y:0</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX411"></A> +<A NAME="IDX412"></A> +<A NAME="IDX413"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`pinoutZoom (int)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Sets the zoom factor for the pinout window according to the formula: +scale = 1:(2 power value). Its default value is <EM>two</EM> which results in +a <EM>1:4</EM> scale. +See also, the command-line option <EM>-pz</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX414"></A> +<A NAME="IDX415"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`printCommand (string)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Default file for printouts. If the name starts with a '|' the output +is piped through the command. A %f is replaced by the current filename. +There is no default file or command. + +<A NAME="IDX416"></A> +<A NAME="IDX417"></A> +<A NAME="IDX418"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`raiseLogWindow (boolean)'</SAMP> +<DD> +The log window will be raised when new messages arrive if this resource +is set <EM>true</EM>, the default. + +<A NAME="IDX419"></A> +<A NAME="IDX420"></A> +<A NAME="IDX421"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`ratCommand (string)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Default command for reading a netlist. A %f is replaced by the netlist +filename. Its default value is "<EM>cat %f</EM>". + +<A NAME="IDX422"></A> +<A NAME="IDX423"></A> +<A NAME="IDX424"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`ratPath (string)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Default path to look for netlist files. It's default value is "." + +<A NAME="IDX425"></A> +<A NAME="IDX426"></A> +<A NAME="IDX427"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`resetAfterElement (boolean)'</SAMP> +<DD> +If set to <EM>true</EM>, all found connections will be reset before a new +element is scanned. This will produce long lists when scanning the whole +layout for connections. The resource is set to <EM>false</EM> by default. +The feature is only used while looking up connections of all elements. +See also, the command-line option <EM>-reset, +reset</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX428"></A> +<A NAME="IDX429"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`ringBellWhenFinished (boolean)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Whether to ring the bell (the default) when a possibly lengthy operation +has finished or not. +See also, the command-line option <EM>-ring, +ring</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX430"></A> +<A NAME="IDX431"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`routeStyle (string)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Default values for the menu of routing styles (seen in the sizes menu). +The string is a comma separated list of name, line thickness, +via diameter, and via drill size. +e.g. "Fat,50,100,40:Skinny,8,35,20:75Ohm,110,110,20" +See also, the command-line option <EM>-rs</EM> and <EM>Sizes Menu</EM> + +<A NAME="IDX432"></A> +<A NAME="IDX433"></A> +<A NAME="IDX434"></A> +<A NAME="IDX435"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`rubberBandMode (boolean)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Whether rubberband move and rotate (attached lines stretch like +rubberbands) is enabled (the default). + +<A NAME="IDX436"></A> +<A NAME="IDX437"></A> +<A NAME="IDX438"></A> +<A NAME="IDX439"></A> +<A NAME="IDX440"></A> +<A NAME="IDX441"></A> +<A NAME="IDX442"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`saveCommand (string)'</SAMP> +<DD> +This command is used to save data to a layout file. The filename may be +indicated by placing <CODE>%f</CODE> in the string. It must read the data from +its standard input. The default command is: + +<PRE> + cat - > %f +</PRE> + +See also, the command-line option <EM>-sfile</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX443"></A> +<A NAME="IDX444"></A> +<A NAME="IDX445"></A> +<A NAME="IDX446"></A> +<A NAME="IDX447"></A> +<A NAME="IDX448"></A> +<A NAME="IDX449"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`saveInTMP (boolean)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Enabling this resource will save all data which would otherwise be lost +in a temporary file <TT>`/tmp/PCB.%i.save'</TT>. +<EM>%i</EM> is replaced by the process ID. +As an example, loading a new layout when the old one hasn't been saved would +use this resource. +See also, the command-line option <EM>-save, +save</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX450"></A> +<A NAME="IDX451"></A> +<A NAME="IDX452"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`saveLastCommand (boolean)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Enables the saving of the last entered user command. The option is +<EM>disabled</EM> by default. +See also, the command-line option <EM>-s, +s</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX453"></A> +<A NAME="IDX454"></A> +<A NAME="IDX455"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Shrink (dimension)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Specifies the minimum overlap (touching) design rule in mils. + +<A NAME="IDX456"></A> +<A NAME="IDX457"></A> +<A NAME="IDX458"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`size (<width>x<height>)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Defines the width and height of a new layout. The default is +<EM>7000x5000</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX459"></A> +<A NAME="IDX460"></A> +<A NAME="IDX461"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`stipllePolygons (boolean)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Determines whether to display polygons on the screen with a stippled +pattern. Stippling can create some amount of transperency so that +you can still (to some extent) see layers beneath polygons. +It defaults to False. + +<A NAME="IDX462"></A> +<A NAME="IDX463"></A> +<A NAME="IDX464"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`textScale (dimension)'</SAMP> +<DD> +The font scaling in percent is defined by this resource. The default is +<EM>100</EM> percent. + +<A NAME="IDX465"></A> +<A NAME="IDX466"></A> +<A NAME="IDX467"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`useLogWindow (boolean)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Several subroutines send messages to the user if an error occurs. +This resource determines if they appear inside the log window or as a separate +dialog box. See also, the resource <EM>raiseLogWindow</EM> and the command line +option <EM>-loggeometry</EM>. +The default value is <EM>true</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX468"></A> +<A NAME="IDX469"></A> +<A NAME="IDX470"></A> +<A NAME="IDX471"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`viaColor (color)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`viaSelectedColor (color)'</SAMP> +<DD> +This resource defines the drawing color of vias in both states. +The values are preset to <EM>XtDefaultForeground</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX472"></A> +<A NAME="IDX473"></A> +<A NAME="IDX474"></A> +<A NAME="IDX475"></A> +<A NAME="IDX476"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`viaThickness (dimension)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`viaDrillingHole (dimension)'</SAMP> +<DD> +The initial thickness and drilling hole of new vias. The values must be in the +range [30..250] with at least 20 +mil of copper. +The default thickness is <EM>40 mil</EM> and the default drilling hole is +<EM>20 mil</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX477"></A> +<A NAME="IDX478"></A> +<A NAME="IDX479"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`volume (int)'</SAMP> +<DD> +The value is passed to <CODE>XBell()</CODE> which sets the volume of the <CODE>X</CODE> +speaker. +The value lies in the range -100..100 and it defaults to the maximum volume of +<EM>100</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX480"></A> +<A NAME="IDX481"></A> +<A NAME="IDX482"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`warnColor (color)'</SAMP> +<DD> +This resources defines the color to be used for drawing pins and pads when +a warning has been issued about them. + +<A NAME="IDX483"></A> +<A NAME="IDX484"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`zoom (int)'</SAMP> +<DD> +The initial value for output scaling is set according to the following +formula: scale = 1:(2 power value). It defaults to <EM>three</EM> which results +in an output scale of <EM>1:8</EM>. + +</DL> + +<P> +Refer also to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC37">Command-Line Options</A>. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX485"></A> +<A NAME="IDX486"></A> +<A NAME="IDX487"></A> +<A NAME="IDX488"></A> +<A NAME="IDX489"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC42" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC42">Actions</A></H2> +<P> +All user accessible commands may be bound to almost any <CODE>X</CODE> event. Almost +no default binding for commands is done in the binaries, so it is vital for the +application that at least a system-wide application resource file exists. +This file normally resides in the <TT>`X11/lib/app-defaults'</TT> directory and +is called <TT>`Pcb'</TT>. The bindings to which the manual refers to are the +ones as defined by the shipped resource file. Besides binding an action to +an X11 event, you can also execute any action command using a ":" command +(see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC36">User Commands</A>). + + +<P> +Take special care about translations related to the functions keys and the +pointer buttons because most of the window managers use them too. +Change the file according to your hardware/software environment. +You may have to replace all occurances of <EM>baseTranslations</EM> to +<EM>translations</EM> if you use a <CODE>X11R4</CODE> server. + + +<P> +Passing <EM>Object</EM> as an argument to an action routine causes the object +at the cursor location to be changed, removed or whatever. If more than +one object is located at the crosshair position the smallest type is used. +If there are two of the same type the newer one is taken. +<EM>SelectedObjects</EM> will handle all selected and visible objects. + + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><SAMP>`AddRats(AllRats|SelectedRats)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX490"></A> + <A NAME="IDX491"></A> + <A NAME="IDX492"></A> + <A NAME="IDX493"></A> + +Adds rat-lines to the layout using the loaded netlist file (see the <EM>:rn</EM>, +section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC36">User Commands</A>.). Rat lines are added on the active layer using the current +line thickness shown in the status line. +Only missing connectivity is added by the +AddRats command so if, for example, the layout is complete nothing will be added. +Rat lines are drawn on the screen with a stippled pattern +to make them easier to identify since they cannot appear in a completed layout. +The rat-lines are added in the minimum length straight-line tree pattern +(always ending on pins or pads) that satisfies the missing connectivity in the circuit. +If a SMD pad is unreachable on the active layer, a warning will be issued +about it and the rat-line to that pad will not be generated. +If connections exist on the board which are not listed in the netlist while +AllRats are being added, warning messages will be issued and the affected pins and +pads will be drawn in a special <EM>warnColor</EM> until the next <EM>Notify()</EM> event. +If the entire layout agrees completely with the net-list a message informs you that +the layout is complete and no rat-lines are added (since none are needed). +If <EM>SelectedRats</EM> +is passed as the argument, only those missing connections that might connect among +the selected pins and pads are drawn. +Default: + +<PRE> +None<Key>w: AddRats(AllRats) +!Shift<Key>w: AddRats(SelectedRats) +None<Key>o: DeleteRats(AllRats) AddRats(AllRats) +!Shift<Key>o: DeleteRats(SelectedRats) AddRats(SelectedRats) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX494"></A> +<A NAME="IDX495"></A> +<A NAME="IDX496"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Atomic(Save|Restore|Block|Close)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Controls the undo grouping of sequences of actions. Before the first action +in a group, Atomic(Save) should be issued. After each action that might +be undoable, Atomic(Restore) should be issued. Atomic(Block) concludes +and save the undo grouping if there was anything in the group to undo. +Atomic(Close) concludes and save the undo grouping even if nothing was +actually done. Thus it might produce an "empty" undo. This can be useful +when you want to use undo in a group of actions. + +<A NAME="IDX497"></A> +<A NAME="IDX498"></A> +<A NAME="IDX499"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Bell([-100..100])'</SAMP> +<DD> +Rings the bell of your display. If no value is passed the setting +of the resource <EM>volume</EM> will be used. + +<A NAME="IDX500"></A> +<A NAME="IDX501"></A> +<A NAME="IDX502"></A> +<A NAME="IDX503"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`ChangeDrillSize(Object, value)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`ChangeDrillSize(SelectedPins|SelectedVias, value)'</SAMP> +<DD> +This action routine changes the drilling hole of pins and vias. +If <EM>value</EM> starts with + or -, then it adds (or subtracts) +<EM>value</EM> from the current hole diameter, otherwise it sets the +diameter to the value. +Default: + +<PRE> +!Mod1<Key>s: Change2ndSize(Object, +5) +!Mod1 Shift<Key>s: Change2ndSize(Object, -5) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX504"></A> +<A NAME="IDX505"></A> +<A NAME="IDX506"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`ChangeHole(Object|SelectedVias)'</SAMP> +<DD> +This action routine converts a via to and from a hole. A hole is +a via that has no copper annulus. The drill size for the via +determines the hole diameter. + +<PRE> +!Ctrl<Key>h: ChangeHole(Object) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX507"></A> +<A NAME="IDX508"></A> +<A NAME="IDX509"></A> +<A NAME="IDX510"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`ChangeName(Object)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`ChangeName(Layer|Layout)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Changes the name of the visible object at the cursor location. A text object +doesn't have a name therefore the text string itself is changed. +The element name currently used for display is always the one changed with this +command. +See <EM>Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)</EM> for details. +Passing <EM>Layer</EM> changes the current layers name. +Default: + +<PRE> +None<Key>n: ChangeName(Object) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX511"></A> +<A NAME="IDX512"></A> +<A NAME="IDX513"></A> +<A NAME="IDX514"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`ChangeOctagon(Object|SelectElements|SelectedPins|SelectedVias|Selected)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Toggles what shape the affected pin(s) or via(s) will be drawn when they +are not square. The shape will either be round or octagonal. +Default: + +<PRE> +!Ctrl<Key>o: ChangeOctagon(Object) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX515"></A> +<A NAME="IDX516"></A> +<A NAME="IDX517"></A> +<A NAME="IDX518"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`ChangeSize(Object, value)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`ChangeSize(SelectedLines|SelectedPins|SelectedVias, value)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`ChangeSize(SelectedPads|SelectedTexts|SelectedNames, value)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`ChangeSize(SelectedElements, value)'</SAMP> +<DD> +To change the size of an object you have to bind these action to some +<CODE>X</CODE> event (or use :ChangeSize(...)). If <EM>value</EM> begins with +a + or - then the value will be added (or subtracted) from the current +size, otherwise the size is set equal to <EM>value</EM>. Range checking is +done to insure that none of the maximum/minimums of any size are violated. +If <EM>Object</EM> is passed then a single object at the cursor location is +changed. If any of the <EM>Selected</EM> arguments are passed then all selected +and visible objects of that type are changed. If the type being modified is +an element, then the thickness of the silkscreen lines defining the element +is changed. +Default: + +<PRE> +None<Key>s: ChangeSize(Object, +5) +!Shift<Key>s: ChangeSize(Object, -5) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX519"></A> +<A NAME="IDX520"></A> +<A NAME="IDX521"></A> +<A NAME="IDX522"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`ChangeSquare(Object|SelectedElements|SelectedPins)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Toggles the setting of the square flag. The flag is used to identify a +certain pin, normally the first one, of circuits. It is also used to +make SMD pads have square ends. + +<PRE> +None<Key>q: ChangeSquare(Object) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX523"></A> +<A NAME="IDX524"></A> +<A NAME="IDX525"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Command()'</SAMP> +<DD> +Calling <EM>Command()</EM> pops up an input line at the bottom of the window +which allows you to enter commands. Including all action commands! +The dialog ends when <EM>None<Key>Return</EM> +to confirm or <EM>None<Key>Escape</EM> to abort is entered. +Default: + +<PRE> +<Key>colon: Command() +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX526"></A> +<A NAME="IDX527"></A> +<A NAME="IDX528"></A> +<A NAME="IDX529"></A> +<A NAME="IDX530"></A> +<A NAME="IDX531"></A> +<A NAME="IDX532"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Connection(Find)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`Connection(ResetFoundLinesAndRectangles|ResetPinsViasAndPads|Reset)'</SAMP> +<DD> +The <EM>Connection()</EM> action is used to mark all connections from one pin, +line or via to others. +The <EM>ResetFoundLinesAndRectangles, ResetFoundPinsAndVias</EM> and +<EM>Reset</EM> arguments may be used to reset all marked lines and rectangles, +vias and pins or all of them. The search starts with the pin or via +at the cursor position. All found objects are drawn with the color +defined by the resource <EM>connectedColor</EM>. +See also, <EM>Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)</EM>. +Default: + +<PRE> +!Shift<Key>c: Connection(Reset) +None<Key>f: Connection(Find) +!Shift<Key>f: Connection(Reset) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX533"></A> +<A NAME="IDX534"></A> +<A NAME="IDX535"></A> +<A NAME="IDX536"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`DeleteRats(AllRats|SelectedRats)'</SAMP> +<DD> +This routine deletes either all rat-lines in the layout, or only +the selected and visible ones. Non-rat-lines and other layout +objects are unaffected. +Default: + +<PRE> +None<Key>e: DeleteRats(AllRats) +!Shift<Key>e: DeleteRats(SelectedRats) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX537"></A> +<A NAME="IDX538"></A> +<A NAME="IDX539"></A> +<A NAME="IDX540"></A> +<A NAME="IDX541"></A> +<A NAME="IDX542"></A> +<A NAME="IDX543"></A> +<A NAME="IDX544"></A> +<A NAME="IDX545"></A> +<A NAME="IDX546"></A> +<A NAME="IDX547"></A> +<A NAME="IDX548"></A> +<A NAME="IDX549"></A> +<A NAME="IDX550"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`Display(Toggle45Degree|CycleClip)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`Display(Grid|ToggleGrid)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`Display(ToggleRubberBandMode)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`Display(Center|ClearAndRedraw|Redraw)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`Display(Pinout|PinOrPadName)'</SAMP> +<DD> +This action routines handles some output related settings. It is +used to center the display around the cursor location and to redraw the +output area optionally after clearing the window. +Centering is done with respect to the <EM>grid</EM> setting. Displaying the +grid itself may be switched on and off by <EM>Grid</EM> but only if +the distance between two pixels exceeds 1_DISTANCE pixels. +<CODE>Pcb</CODE> is able to handle several labels of an element. One of them +is a description of the functionality (eg resistor), the second should be +a unique identifier (R1) whereas the last one is a value (100k). +The <EM>Display()</EM> action selects which of the names is displayed. +It also controls which name will be affected by the <EM>ChangeName</EM> command. +If <EM>ToggleGrid</EM> is passed, <CODE>Pcb</CODE> changes between relative +('rel' in the statusline) and absolute grid (an 'abs' in the statusline). +Relative grid means the pointer position when the command is issued is +used as the grid origin; while (0,0) is used in the absolute grid case. +Passing <EM>Pinout</EM> displays the pinout of the element at the current +cursor location whereas <EM>PinOrPadName</EM> toggles displaying of the +pins or pads name under the cursor. If none of them matches but the cursor +is inside of an element, the flags is toggled for all of its pins and pads. +For details about rubberbands see also the details about <EM>Mode</EM>. +Default: + +<PRE> +None<Key>c: Display(Center) +None<Key>d: Display(PinOrPadName) +!Shift<Key>d: Display(Pinout) +None<Key>r: Display(ClearAndRedraw) +None<Key>.: Display(Toggle45Degree) +None<Key>/: Display(CycleClip) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX551"></A> +<A NAME="IDX552"></A> +<A NAME="IDX553"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`DRC()'</SAMP> +<DD> +Initiates design rule checking of the entire layout. Must be repeated +until no errors are found. + +<A NAME="IDX554"></A> +<A NAME="IDX555"></A> +<A NAME="IDX556"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`EditLayerGroups()'</SAMP> +<DD> +Pops up a dialog box to edit the layergroup setting. The function is also +available from the <EM>Objects</EM> menu. +There are no defaults. + +<A NAME="IDX557"></A> +<A NAME="IDX558"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Load(ElementToBuffer|Layout|LayoutToBuffer|Nelist)'</SAMP> +<DD> +This routine pops up a fileselect box to load layout, element data, +or netlist. +The passed filename for layout data is saved and may be reused. +<EM>ElementToBuffer</EM> and <EM>LayoutToBuffer</EM> load the data into the +current buffer. +There are no defaults. + +<A NAME="IDX559"></A> +<A NAME="IDX560"></A> +<A NAME="IDX561"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`MarkCrosshair()'</SAMP> +<DD> +This routine marks the current cursor location with an X, and then +the cursor display shows both absolute position and position relative to +the mark. If a mark is already present, this routine removes it and +stops displaying relative cursor coordinates. +Defaults: + +<PRE> +!Ctrl<key>m: MarkCrosshair() +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX562"></A> +<A NAME="IDX563"></A> +<A NAME="IDX564"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Mode(Copy|InsertPoint|Line|Move|None|PasteBuffer|Polygon|Thermal)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`Mode(Remove|Rectangle|RubberbandMove|Text|Via)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`Mode(Cycle)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`Mode(Notify)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`Mode(Save|Restore)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Switches to a new mode of operation. The active mode is displayed by a thick +line around the matching mode selector button. +Most of the functionality of <CODE>Pcb</CODE> is implemented by selecting a mode +and calling <EM>Mode(Notify)</EM>. The arguments <EM>Line</EM>, <EM>Polygon</EM>, +<EM>Rectangle</EM>, <EM>Text</EM> and <EM>Via</EM> are used to create the +appropriate object whenever <EM>Mode(Notify)</EM> is called. Some of them, +such as <EM>Polygon</EM>, need more than one call for one object to be created. +<EM>InsertPoint</EM> adds points to existing polygons or lines. +<EM>Save</EM> and <EM>Restore</EM> are used to temporarily save the mode, switch +to another one, call <EM>Mode(Notify)</EM> and restore the saved one. Have +a look at the application resource file for examples. +<EM>Copy</EM> and <EM>Move</EM> modes are used to change an object's location and, +optionally, to create a new one. The first call of <EM>Mode(Notify)</EM> attaches +the object at the pointer location to the crosshair whereas the second +one drops it to the layout. The <EM>rubberband</EM> version of move performs the +move while overriding the current rubberband mode. +Passing <EM>PasteBuffer</EM> attaches the contents of the currently selected +buffer to the crosshair. Each call to <EM>Mode(Notify)</EM> pastes this contents +to the layout. <EM>Mode(Cycle)</EM> cycles through the modes available in the +mode-button pallete. +<EM>Mode(None)</EM> switches all modes off. +Default: + +<PRE> +<Key>Escape: Mode(None) +<Key>space: Mode(Cycle) +None<Key>BackSpace: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) +None<Key>Delete: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) +None<Key>F1: Mode(Via) +None<Key>F2: Mode(Line) +None<Key>F3: Mode(PasteBuffer) +None<Key>F4: Mode(Rectangle) +None<Key>F5: Mode(Text) +None<Key>F6: Mode(Polygon) +None<Key>F7: Mode(Thermal) +None<Key>F8: Mode(Arc) +None<Key>Insert: Mode(InsertPoint) +None<Key>[: Mode(Save) Mode(Move) Mode(Notify) +None<Key>]: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) +None<Btn1Down>: Mode(Notify) +!Shift Ctrl<Btn1Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) +None<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(Move) Mode(Notify) +None<Btn2Up>: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) +!Mod1<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(Copy) Mode(Notify) +!Mod1<Btn2Up>: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) +Shift Mod1<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(RubberbandMove) Mode(Notify) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX565"></A> +<A NAME="IDX566"></A> +<A NAME="IDX567"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`MovePointer(delta_x, delta_y)'</SAMP> +<DD> +With this function it is possible to move the crosshair cursor by using the +cursor keys. The <CODE>X</CODE> server's pointer follows because the necessary +events are generated by <CODE>Pcb</CODE>. All movements are performed with respect +to the currently set grid value. +Default: + +<PRE> +None<Key>Up: MovePointer(0, -1) +!Shift<Key>Up: MovePointer(0, -10) +None<Key>Down: MovePointer(0, 1) +!Shift<Key>Down: MovePointer(0, 10) +None<Key>Right: MovePointer(1, 0) +!Shift<Key>Right: MovePointer(10, 0) +None<Key>Left: MovePointer(-1, 0) +!Shift<Key>Left: MovePointer(-10, 0) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX568"></A> +<A NAME="IDX569"></A> +<A NAME="IDX570"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`MoveToCurrentLayer(Object|SelectedObjects)'</SAMP> +<DD> +The function moves a single object at the crosshair location or all selected +objects to the current layer. Elements are not moveable by this function. +They have to be deleted and replaced on the other side. +If a line segment is moved and the movement would result in a loss of +connectivity to another segment then via(s) are automatically added to +maintain the connectivity. + +<PRE> +None<Key>m: MoveToCurrentLayer(Object) +!Shift<Key>m: MoveToCurrentLayer(SelectedObjects) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX571"></A> +<A NAME="IDX572"></A> +<A NAME="IDX573"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`New()'</SAMP> +<DD> +Clear the current layout and starts a new one after entering its name. +Refer to the resource <EM>backup</EM> for more information. +No defaults. + +<A NAME="IDX574"></A> +<A NAME="IDX575"></A> +<A NAME="IDX576"></A> +<A NAME="IDX577"></A> +<A NAME="IDX578"></A> +<A NAME="IDX579"></A> +<A NAME="IDX580"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`PasteBuffer(AddSelected|Clear|1..5)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`PasteBuffer(Rotate, 1..3)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`PasteBuffer(Convert)'</SAMP> +<DD> +This action routine controls and selects the pastebuffer as well as all +cut-and-paste operations. Passing a buffer number selects one in of the +range 1..5. The statusline is updated with the new number. +<EM>Rotate</EM> performs a number of 90 degree counter clockwise rotations +of the buffer contents. <EM>AddSelected</EM> as first argument copies all +selected and visible objects into the buffer. Passing <EM>Clear</EM> removes +all objects from the currently selected buffer. <EM>Convert</EM> causes +the contents of the buffer (lines, arc, vias) to be converted into an +element definition. Refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC28">Pastebuffer</A> +for examples. +Default: + +<PRE> +!Ctrl<Key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected) + Mode(PasteBuffer) +!Shift Ctrl<Key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected) + RemoveSelected() Mode(PasteBuffer) +!Mod1<Key>c: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected) +!Mod1<key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected) + RemoveSelected() +!Shift<Key>1: PasteBuffer(1) +!Shift<Key>2: PasteBuffer(2) +!Shift<Key>3: PasteBuffer(3) +!Shift<Key>4: PasteBuffer(4) +!Shift<Key>5: PasteBuffer(5) +None<Key>F3: Mode(PasteBuffer) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX581"></A> +<A NAME="IDX582"></A> +<A NAME="IDX583"></A> +<A NAME="IDX584"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Polygon((Close|PreviousPoint)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Polygons need a special action routine to make life easier. Calling +<EM>Polygon(PreviousPoint)</EM> resets the newly entered corner to the +previous one. The Undo action will call Polygon(PreviousPoint) +when appropriate to do so. <EM>Close</EM> creates the final +segment of the polygon. This may fail if clipping to 45 degree +lines is switched on, in which case a warning is issued. +Default: + +<PRE> +None<Key>p: Polygon(Close) +!Shift<Key>p: Polygon(Close) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX585"></A> +<A NAME="IDX586"></A> +<A NAME="IDX587"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Print()'</SAMP> +<DD> +Pops up a print control box that lets you select the output +device, scaling and many more options. Each run creates all +files that are supported by the selected device. These are +mask files as well as drilling files, silk screens and so on. The table +shows the filenames for all possible files: + +<PRE> + POSIX (extention) 8.3 filename + --------------------------------------------- + *_componentmask.* cmsk.* + *_componentsilk.* cslk.* + *_soldermask.* smsk.* + *_soldersilk.* sslk.* + *_drill.* dril.* + *_groundplane.* gpl.* + *_group[1..8].* [..8].* +</PRE> + +The output may be sent to a postprocessor by starting the filename with the +<EM>pipe</EM> <CODE>("|")</CODE> character. Any <CODE>"%f"</CODE> in a command is replaced +with the current filename. The function is available from the <EM>file</EM> menu. +There are no defaults. + +<A NAME="IDX588"></A> +<A NAME="IDX589"></A> +<A NAME="IDX590"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Quit()'</SAMP> +<DD> +Quits the application after confirming the operation. +Default: + +<PRE> +<Message>WM_PROTOCOLS: Quit() +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX591"></A> +<A NAME="IDX592"></A> +<A NAME="IDX593"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Redo()'</SAMP> +<DD> +This routine allows you to recover from the last undo command. +You might want to do this if you thought that undo was going to +revert something other than what it actually did (in case you +are confused about which operations are un-doable), or if you +have been backing up through a long undo list and over-shoot +your stopping point. Any change that is made since the undo +in question will trim the redo list. For example if you add +ten lines, then undo three of them you could use redo to put +them back, but if you move a line on the board before performing +the redo, you will lose the ability to "redo" the three "undone" lines. +Default: + +<PRE> +!Shift<Key>r: Redo() +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX594"></A> +<A NAME="IDX595"></A> +<A NAME="IDX596"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`RemoveSelected()'</SAMP> +<DD> +This routine removes all visible and selected objects. +There are no defaults. + +<A NAME="IDX597"></A> +<A NAME="IDX598"></A> +<A NAME="IDX599"></A> +<A NAME="IDX600"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Report(Object|DrillReport)'</SAMP> +<DD> +This routine pops up a dialog box describing the various +characteristics of an object (or piece of an object such as a pad or pin) +in the layout at the cursor position, or a report about all of the +drill holes in the layout. +There are no defaults. + +<A NAME="IDX601"></A> +<A NAME="IDX602"></A> +<A NAME="IDX603"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`RouteStyle(1|2|3|4)'</SAMP> +<DD> +This routine copies the sizes corresponding to the numbered route style +into the active line thicknes, via diameter, and via drill size. +Defaults: + +<PRE> +!Ctrl<Key>1: RouteStyle(1) +... +!Ctrl<Key>4: RouteStyle(4) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX604"></A> +<A NAME="IDX605"></A> +<A NAME="IDX606"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Save(Layout|LayoutAs)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`Save(AllConnections|AllUnusedPins|ElementConnections)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Passing <EM>Layout</EM> saves the layout using the file from which it was +loaded or, if it is a new layout, calls <EM>Save(LayoutAs)</EM> which queries +the user for a filename. +The values: <EM>AllConnections</EM>, <EM>AllUnusedPins</EM> and +<EM>ElementConnections</EM> start a connection scan and save all connections, +all unused pins or the connections of a single element to a file. +There are no defaults. + +<A NAME="IDX607"></A> +<A NAME="IDX608"></A> +<A NAME="IDX609"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Select(All|Block|Connection|ToggleObject)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`Select(ElementByName|ObjectByName|PadByName|PinByName)'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`Select(TextByName|ViaByName)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Toggles either the selection flag of the object at the crosshair position +(<EM>ToggleObject</EM>) or selects all visible objects, all inside a +rectangle or all objects which have been found during the last connection +scan. The <EM>ByName</EM> functions use a regular expression search, +always case insensitive, to select the objects. +Default: + +<PRE> +None<Btn3Down>: Select(ToggleObject) +None<Btn3Down>,None<Btn3Motion>: See resource file - this is complex +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX610"></A> +<A NAME="IDX611"></A> +<A NAME="IDX612"></A> +<A NAME="IDX613"></A> +<A NAME="IDX614"></A> +<A NAME="IDX615"></A> +<A NAME="IDX616"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`SetValue(Grid|LineSize|TextScale|ViaDrillingHole|ViaSize|Zoom, value)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Some internal values may be changed online by this function. +The first parameter specifies which data has to be changed. The other one +determines if the resource is set to the passed value, if <EM>value</EM> is +specified without sign, or increments/decrements if it is specified with +a plus or minus sign. +The function doesn't change any existing object only the initial values of +new objects. Use the <EM>ChangeSize()</EM> and <EM>ChangeDrillSize()</EM> +to change existing objects. +Default: + +<PRE> +None<Key>g: SetValue(Grid, +5) +!Shift<Key>g: SetValue(Grid, -5) +None<Key>l: SetValue(LineSize, +5) +!Shift<Key>l: SetValue(LineSize, -5) +None<Key>t: SetValue(TextScale, +10) +!Shift<Key>t: SetValue(TextScale, -10) +None<Key>v: SetValue(ViaSize, +5) +!Shift<Key>v: SetValue(ViaSize, -5) +!Mod1<Key>v: SetValue(ViaDrillingHole, +5) +!Mod1 Shift<Key>v: SetValue(ViaDrillingHole, -5) +None<Key>z: SetValue(Zoom, -1) +!Shift<Key>z: SetValue(Zoom, +1) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX617"></A> +<A NAME="IDX618"></A> +<A NAME="IDX619"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`SwapSides()'</SAMP> +<DD> +This routine changes the board side you are viewing. +Default: + +<PRE> +None<Key>Tab: SwapSides() +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX620"></A> +<A NAME="IDX621"></A> +<A NAME="IDX622"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`SwitchDrawingLayer(value)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Makes layer numer 1..8 the current one. +Default: + +<PRE> +None<Key>1: SwitchDrawingLayer(1) +... +None<Key>8: SwitchDrawingLayer(8) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX623"></A> +<A NAME="IDX624"></A> +<A NAME="IDX625"></A> +<A NAME="IDX626"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`ToggleHideName(Object|SelectedElements)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Toggles whether the element's name is displayed or hidden. If it +is hidden you won't see it on the screen and it will not appear +on the silk layer when you print the layout. + +<PRE> +None<Key>h: ToggleHideName(Object) +!Shift<Key>h: ToggleHideName(SelectedElements) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX627"></A> +<A NAME="IDX628"></A> +<A NAME="IDX629"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Undo()'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`Undo(ClearList)'</SAMP> +<DD> +The unlimited undo feature of <CODE>Pcb</CODE> allows you to recover +from most operations that materially affect you work. +Calling <EM>Undo()</EM> without any parameter recovers +from the last (non-undo) operation. <EM>ClearList</EM> is used to release the +allocated memory. <EM>ClearList</EM> is called whenever a new layout is started +or loaded. See also <EM>Redo</EM>. +Default: + +<PRE> +None<Key>u: Undo() +!Shift Ctrl<Key>u: Undo(ClearList) +</PRE> + +<A NAME="IDX630"></A> +<A NAME="IDX631"></A> +<A NAME="IDX632"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Unselect(All|Block|Connection)'</SAMP> +<DD> +Unselects all visible objects, all inside a rectangle or all objects which +have been found during the last connection scan. +Default: + +<PRE> +!Shift <Btn3Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(None) Unselect(Block) +!Shift <Btn3Up>: Unselect(Block) Mode(Restore) +</PRE> + +</DL> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX633"></A> +<A NAME="IDX634"></A> +<A NAME="IDX635"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC43" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC43">Default Translations</A></H2> +<P> +This section covers some default translations of key and button events as +defined in the shipped default application resource file. Most of them have +already been listed in section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC42">Actions</A>. <CODE>Pcb</CODE> makes use of a nice <CODE>X11</CODE> +feature; calling several action routines for one event. + + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><SAMP>`None<Key>BackSpace:'</SAMP> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX636"></A> + <A NAME="IDX637"></A> + <A NAME="IDX638"></A> + <A NAME="IDX639"></A> + +<DT><SAMP>`None<key>Delete:'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`!Shift<Key>BackSpace:'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`!Shift Ctrl<Btn1Down>:'</SAMP> +<DD> +The object at the cursor location is removed by <EM>None<Key>BackSpace</EM> or +<EM>Shift Ctrl<Btn1Down></EM> whereas <EM>Shift<Key>BackSpace</EM> also removes +all other objects that are fully-connected to the one at the cursor location. + +<A NAME="IDX640"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Left:'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Right:'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Up:'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Down:'</SAMP> +<DD> +Scroll one page in one of the four directions. + +<A NAME="IDX641"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`None<Key>Left:, !Shift<Key>Left:'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`None<Key>Right:, !Shift<Key>Right:'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`None<Key>Up:, !Shift<Key>Up:'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`None<Key>Down:, !Shift<Key>Down:'</SAMP> +<DD> +Move crosshair either one or ten points in grid. + +<A NAME="IDX642"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`None<Key>Return:'</SAMP> +<DD> +Finished user input, selects the 'default' button of dialogs. + +<A NAME="IDX643"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`None<Key>Escape:'</SAMP> +<DD> +<EM>Mode(Reset)</EM>, aborts user input, selects the 'abort' button of +dialogs or resets all modes. + +<A NAME="IDX644"></A> +<A NAME="IDX645"></A> +<A NAME="IDX646"></A> +<A NAME="IDX647"></A> +<A NAME="IDX648"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`None<Btn2Down>, Btn2<Motion>, None<Btn2Up>:'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`!Mod1<Btn2Down>, Btn2<Motion>, !Mod1<Btn2Up>:'</SAMP> +<DD> +The first sequence moves the object or element name at the cursor location. +The second one copies the objects. Copying isn't available for +element names. + +</DL> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX649"></A> +<A NAME="IDX650"></A> + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC44" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC44">File Formats</A></H1> +<P> +All files used by <CODE>Pcb</CODE> are read from the standard output of a command +or written to the standard input of one as plain seven bit <CODE>ASCII</CODE>. This +makes it possible to use any editor to change the contents of a layout file. +It is the only way for element or font description files to be created. +To do so you'll need to study the example files <TT>`example/*'</TT> and +<TT>`default_font'</TT> which are shipped with <CODE>Pcb</CODE>. +For an overview refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC3">Introduction</A>. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX651"></A> +<A NAME="IDX652"></A> +<A NAME="IDX653"></A> +<A NAME="IDX654"></A> +<A NAME="IDX655"></A> +<A NAME="IDX656"></A> +The following sections provide the necessary information about the syntax of +the files. +Netlist files are not created by <CODE>Pcb</CODE>, but it does use them. For information +on the format of a netlist file see the <EM>:rn</EM>, +section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC36">User Commands</A>. Rat lines are added on the current layer using the current +The commands described allow you to add almost any additional +functionality you may need. Examples are compressed read and write access as +well as archives. The commands themselves are defined by the resources +<EM>elementCommand</EM>, <EM>fileCommand</EM>, <EM>fontCommand</EM>, +<EM>libraryCommand</EM>, <EM>libraryContentsCommand</EM> and <EM>saveCommand</EM>. +Note that the commands are not saved along with the data. +It is considered an advantage to have the layout file contain all necessary +information, independent of any other files. + + +<P> +One thing common to all files is they may include comments, newlines, +and carriage returns at any place except within quoted strings. + + + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC45">Basic Types</A>: Basic types used by all data files. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC46">Layout File</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC47">Element File</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC48">Font File</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC49">Library Contents File</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC50">Library File</A> +</UL> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX657"></A> +<A NAME="IDX658"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC45" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC45">Basic Types</A></H2> +<P> +Here are the basic type definitions used in the other sections of this +chapter. + + + +<PRE> +Description = Name +DeltaAngle = Number +DrillingHole = Number +Flags = Number +FontPosition = Number +Grid = Number +GridOffsetX = Number +GridOffsetY = Number +Group = GroupMember [,GroupMember]... +GroupMember = decimal | [cs] +GroupString = """ Group [:Group]... """ +StyleString = """ Style [:Style]... """ +Height = Number +LayerNumber = Number +LayoutName = Name +Name = quoted_string +Number = decimal | hex +PinNumber = quoted_string +Spacing = Number +StartAngle = Number +SymbolID = Number | charconst +Thickness = Number +TextData = quoted_string +TextFlags = Flags +TextScale = scale +TextX = Number +TextY = Number +Value = Name +Width = Number +X = Number +X1 = Number +X2 = Number +Y = Number +Y1 = Number +Y2 = Number +charconst = "'" <any character> "'" +comment = "#" {<any character up to a newline>}... +decimal = [0-9]+ +direction = [0-3] +hex = 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+ +scale = [1-<positive integer>] +quoted_string = """ <anything except \n and \r> """ +zoom = [0-MAX] +</PRE> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX659"></A> +<A NAME="IDX660"></A> +<A NAME="IDX661"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC46" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC46">Layout File Format</A></H2> +<P> +The layout file describes a complete layout including symbols, vias, +elements and layers with lines, rectangles and text. This is the most +complex file of all. + + + +<PRE> +File = Header Font PCBData +Header = PCBName [GridData] [CursorData] [PCBFlags] [Groups] +PCBName = "PCB(" Name Width Height ")" +GridData = "Grid(" Grid GridOffsetX GridOffsetY ")" +CursorData = "Cursor(" X Y zoom ")" +PCBFlags = "Flags(" Flags ")" +Groups = "Groups(" GroupString ")" +Styles = "Styles(" StyleString ")" +Font = {FontData}... +FontData = {Symbol}... +Symbol = "Symbol(" SymbolID Spacing ")" + "(" {SymbolData}... ")" +SymbolData = {SymbolLine}... +SymbolLine = "SymbolLine(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness ")" +PCBData = {Via | Layer | Element}... + +Via = "Via(" X Y Thickness DrillingHole Name Flags ")" + +Element = "Element(" Flags Description LayoutName Value \ + TextX TextY direction scale TextFlags")" + "(" {ElementData}... [Mark] ")" +ElementData = {ElementLine | Pad | Pin | ElementArc }... +ElementArc = "ElementArc(" X Y Width Height + StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness ")" +ElementLine = "ElementLine(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness ")" +Mark = "Mark(" X Y ")" +Pad = "Pad(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Name PinNumber Flags")" +Pin = "Pin(" X Y Thickness DrillingHole Name PinNumber Flags ")" + +Layer = "Layer(" LayerNumber Name ")" + "(" {LayerData}... ")" +LayerData = {Line | Polygon | Text}... +Line = "Line(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Flags")" +Arc = "Arc(" X Y Width Height StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness Flags")" +Polygon = "Polygon(" Flags ")" \ + "(" {Points}... ")" +Points = "(" X Y ")" +Text = "Text(" X Y direction scale TextData Flags")" +</PRE> + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><SAMP>`PCBName'</SAMP> +<DD> +is used to define the layout's name which is independent of its filename. +It is displayed in the lower left corner of the main window. + +<DT><SAMP>`GridData'</SAMP> +<DD> +is optional and is used to save the grid setting and offset which were set +at the time the layout was saved. + +<DT><SAMP>`CursorData'</SAMP> +<DD> +also is an optional parameter to save the last cursor location and zoom value. +The real zoom factor is calculated by scale = 1:(2 power value). + +<DT><SAMP>`PCBFlags'</SAMP> +<DD> +determine how to draw lines and which name of the elements should be +displayed. + +<PRE> + bit 4: do rubberband moves and rotates if set + bit 5: display description of elements if set + bit 6: display unique name of an element if set + bit 7: use absolute grid if set + bit 8: don't clip lines to 45 degrees +</PRE> + +<DT><SAMP>`Groups'</SAMP> +<DD> +Layergroups are saved by using this optional parameter. The only way of +changing them is to use an editor and alter the appropriate line. The +characters <EM>c,s</EM> idenify the component- and solder-side for SMD +objects. + +<DT><SAMP>`Symbol'</SAMP> +<DD> +See the description of font files in this chapter. + +<DT><SAMP>`Via'</SAMP> +<DD> +Vias are always connected to all layers which also means vias are one +logical level ahead of layers. Vias are defined by position, size, name and +by some flags. + +<PRE> + bit 0: always clear + bit 1: always set + bit 2: set if via was found during a connection search + bit 4: set if via is a hole (has no copper annulus) + bit 5: display the vias name + bit 6: via has been selected + bit 12: set if via has octagonal shape + Other bits have special meaning and should not be changed + by the user. See const.h for more information +</PRE> + +<DT><SAMP>`Element'</SAMP> +<DD> +See the description of element files in this chapter. + +<DT><SAMP>`Layer'</SAMP> +<DD> +A layer is the central object from the user's point of view. It holds all +connections and all text objects. Up to 8 may be used individually. +Its number, starting with one, and its name are read as arguments. + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><SAMP>`Line'</SAMP> +<DD> +All lines are identified by their start and endpoints together with their +thickness and some flags. They have to fit a 45 degree scheme. + +<PRE> + bit 2: set if line was found during a connection search + bit 4: line is a rat-line + bit 6: line has been selected +</PRE> + +<DT><SAMP>`Polygon'</SAMP> +<DD> +used to fill a larger area with <SAMP>`copper'</SAMP>. The coordinates specify the +corners. The flags are: + +<PRE> + bit 2: set if polygon was found during a connection search + bit 4: polygon is a 1.5 style polygon that automatically clears pins + bit 6: polygon has been selected +</PRE> + +<DT><SAMP>`Text'</SAMP> +<DD> +You may use text objects to add information to your board. An example would +be naming a connector or marking pin one of it. The position marks the +lower left corner of the string which is also a fixpoint for rotations. +Text directions are independent to those of lines. They are counted from +zero to three with a meaning of zero to 270 degree rotations counter-clockwise. +The scaling value is a positive integer which determines a zoom factor in +percent. + +<PRE> + bit 6: the text has been selected + bit 7: the text is on the solder (back) side of the board + bit 10: the text is on the silkscreen layer +</PRE> + +</DL> + +</DL> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX662"></A> +<A NAME="IDX663"></A> +<A NAME="IDX664"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC47" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC47">Element File Format</A></H2> +<P> +Element files are used to describe one component which then may be used +several times within one or more layouts. You will normally split the +file into two parts, one for the pinout and one for the package description. +Using <CODE>m4</CODE> allows you to define pin names as macros in one file and +include a package description file which evaluates the macros. See +the resource <EM>elementCommand</EM> for more information. The pins (and pads) +must appear in squential order in the element file (new in 1.5) so that +pin 1 must be the first PIN(...) in the file. + + +<P> +Doing things this way makes it possible to use one package file for several +different circuits. See the sample files <TT>`dil*'</TT>. + + +<P> +The lowest x and y coordinates of all subobjects of an element are used +as an attachment point for the crosshair cursor of the main window. + + + +<PRE> +File = {Element}... +Element = "Element(" Flags Description LayoutName Value \ + TextX TextY direction scale TextFlags")" + "(" {ElementData}... [Mark] ")" +ElementData = {ElementLine | Pad | Pin | ElementArc }... +ElementArc = "ElementArc(" X Y Width Height + StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness ")" +ElementLine = "ElementLine(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness ")" +Mark = "Mark(" X Y ")" +Pad = "Pad(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Name PinNumber Flags ")" +Pin = "Pin(" X Y Thickness DrillingHole Name PinNumber Flags ")" +</PRE> + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><SAMP>`Element'</SAMP> +<DD> +Objects of type element are determined by flags, some names, a canonical +and a layout name as well as a value. Additional fields are text position, +their direction counted from zero to three (n * 90 degrees counter-clockwise) +and element data. + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><SAMP>`Flags'</SAMP> +<DD> +The flag field determines the state of an element. +The bit values are: + +<PRE> + bit 4: the element name is hidden + bit 6: element has been selected + bit 7: element is located on the solder side +</PRE> + +<DT><SAMP>`TextFlags'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`scale'</SAMP> +<DD> +<DT><SAMP>`direction'</SAMP> +<DD> +See the description of text object earlier in this chapter. + +<DT><SAMP>`ElementLine'</SAMP> +<DD> +A line is defined by its start and end points and by its size, or width. + +<DT><SAMP>`ElementArc'</SAMP> +<DD> +Defines an arc by its center, width, height, startangle, its length in +degrees and its size. Remember the y axis on the screen grows downwards. + +<DT><SAMP>`Mark'</SAMP> +<DD> +is just a hint to make positioning easier. The crosshair will be positioned +here. Its center is passed as the two arguments. + +<DT><SAMP>`Pad'</SAMP> +<DD> +A pad is very similar to a line except it may not be disconnected from +its element and it has an associated name. +Is is defined by two end point position, size, name and by some flags. + +<PRE> + bit 2: set if pad was found during a connection search + bit 5: display the pads name + bit 6: pad has been selected + bit 7: pad is located on the solder side +</PRE> + +<DT><SAMP>`Pin'</SAMP> +<DD> +A pin is very similar to a via except it may not be disconnected from +its element. + +<PRE> + bit 0: always set + bit 1: always clear + bit 2: set if pin was found during a connection search + bit 3: set if pin is only a mounting hole (no copper annulus) + bit 5: display the pins name + bit 6: pin has been selected + bit 8: pin is drawn as a square + bit 12: set if pin is drawn with an octagonal shape +</PRE> + +</DL> + +</DL> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX665"></A> +<A NAME="IDX666"></A> +<A NAME="IDX667"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC48" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC48">Font File Format</A></H2> +<P> +A number of user defined symbols are called a font. There is only one per +layout. All symbols are made of lines. See the file <TT>`default_font'</TT> +as an example. + + +<P> +The lowest x and y coordinates of all lines of a font are transformed to (0,0). + + + +<PRE> +File = Font +Font = {FontData}... +FontData = {Symbol}... +Symbol = "Symbol(" SymbolID FontPosition ")" + "(" {SymbolData}... ")" +SymbolData = {SymbolLine}... +</PRE> + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><SAMP>`Symbol'</SAMP> +<DD> +The two arguments are the <CODE>ASCII</CODE> code of the symbol and its distance to +the next symbol. Undefined symbols are drawn as filled rectangles. +The <CODE>ASCII</CODE> code may be passed as a character constant or as a hexadecimal +value. + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><SAMP>`SymbolLine'</SAMP> +<DD> +The symbol data itself is made up of several entries +of type <EM>SymbolLine</EM>. +</DL> + +</DL> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX668"></A> +<A NAME="IDX669"></A> +<A NAME="IDX670"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC49" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC49">Library Contents File Format</A></H2> +<P> +There is nothing like a special library format. The ones that have been +introduced in 1.4.1 just use some nice (and time consuming) fetures of GNU +<CODE>m4</CODE>. The only predefined format is the one of the contents file +which is read during startup. It is made up of two basic line types: + + + +<PRE> +menu entry = "TYPE="name +contents line = template":"package":"value":"description +name = String +template = String +package = String +value = String +description = String +String = <anything except ":", "\n" and "\r"> +</PRE> + +<P> +No leading whitespaces or comments are allowed in this file. If you need +either one, define a command that removes them before loading. Have a look +to the <EM>libraryContentsCommand</EM> resource. + + +<P> +The menu entry will appear in the selection menu at the top and of the +library window. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX671"></A> +<A NAME="IDX672"></A> +<A NAME="IDX673"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC50" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC50">Library File Format</A></H2> +<P> +This section provides an overview about the existing <CODE>m4</CODE> definitions +of the elements. There are basically two different types of files. One +to define element specific data like the pinout, package and so on, the +other to define the values. For example the static RAM circuits 43256 and +62256 are very similar. They therefore share a common definition in the +macro file but are defined with two different value labels. + + +<P> +The macro file entry: + +<PRE> +define(`Description_43256_dil', `SRAM 32Kx8') +define(`Param1_43256_dil', 28) +define(`Param2_43256_dil', 600) +define(`PinList_43256_dil', ``pin1', `pin2', ...') +</PRE> + +<P> +And the list file: + +<PRE> +43256_dil:N:43256:62256 +</PRE> + +<P> +The macro must define a description, the pin list and up to two additional +parameters that are passed to the package definitions. The first one is +the number of pins whereas the second one defines for example the width +of a package. + + +<P> +It is very important to select a unique identifier for each macro. In +the example this would be <EM>43256_dil</EM> which is also the templates name. +It is required by some low-level macros that +<EM>Description_, Param1_, Param2_</EM> and <EM>PinList_</EM> are prepended. + + +<P> +The list file uses a syntax: + +<PRE> +template:package:value[:more values] +</PRE> + +<P> +This means that the shown example will create two element entries with the +sam package and pinout but with different names. + + +<P> +A number of packages are defined in <TT>`common.m4'</TT>. Included are: + + + +<PRE> +DIL packages with suffix D, DW, J, JD, JG, N, NT, P +PLCC +TO3 +generic connectors +DIN 41.612 connectors +zick-zack (SD suffix) +15 pin multiwatt +</PRE> + +<P> +If you are going to start your own library please take care about <CODE>m4</CODE> +functions. Be aware of quoting and so on and, most important check your +additional entry by calling the macro: + + + +<PRE> +CreateObject(`template', `value', `package suffix') +</PRE> + +<P> +If quoting is incorrect an endless loop may occur (broken by a out-of-memory +message). + + +<P> +The scripts in the <TT>`lib'</TT> directory handle the creation of libraries +as well as of their contents files. Querying is also supported. + + +<P> +I know quite well that this description of the library implementation is +not what some out there expect. But in my opinion it's much more useful to +look at the comments and follow the macros step by step. + + + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC51" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC51">Installation and Troubleshooting</A></H1> +<P> +Compiling and installing the package should be straightforward. If any problems +occur, please contact the author (Thomas.Nau@rz.uni-ulm.de) to find +a solution and include it into the next release. + + + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC52">compiling</A>: Compiling and installing. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC56">problems</A>: Troubleshooting. +</UL> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX674"></A> +<A NAME="IDX675"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC52" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC52">Compiling and Installing</A></H2> +<P> +This section covers the steps which are necessary to compile the package. + + + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC53">config.h</A>: Editing <TT>`config.h'</TT> options. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC54">manuals</A>: Creating the man page, info file and this manual. +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC55">make</A>: Creating the <TT>`Makefile'</TT>, compiling and installing. +</UL> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX676"></A> +<A NAME="IDX677"></A> +<A NAME="IDX678"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC53" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC53">Editing config.h</A></H3> +<P> +Most <CODE>X11</CODE> related options are automatically covered by <CODE>imake</CODE> +which is called from <CODE>xmkmf</CODE>. The ones special to <CODE>Pcb</CODE> +have to be edited in <TT>`config.h'</TT>. +In order of appearance: + + +<DL COMPACT> + +<DT><SAMP>`INFOLIBDIR'</SAMP> +<DD> +<A NAME="IDX679"></A> + +must be set to the directory where your GNU info files are located. + +<A NAME="IDX680"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb'</SAMP> +<DD> +is the path of a directory where the font files will be installed. + +<A NAME="IDX681"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`DEFAULTFONT'</SAMP> +<DD> +the name of the default font file. + +<A NAME="IDX682"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`DEFAULTLIBRARY'</SAMP> +<DD> +the name of the default library. + +<A NAME="IDX683"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`gm4'</SAMP> +<DD> +the name of GNUs m4 version. + +<A NAME="IDX684"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`Mod1'</SAMP> +<DD> +If your window manager has already bound <EM>Mod1</EM> together with some +function keys you may want to change this setting. This is true for HP-VUE. + +<A NAME="IDX685"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`EXTRA_INCLUDES'</SAMP> +<DD> +Some systems do not have the Athena Widget include files in their normal +place as configured by <CODE>X11</CODE>s config files. Define this as follows: + +<PRE> + EXTRA_INCLUDES = -I/usr/openwin/share/include +</PRE> + +This is probably true for Suns which use <CODE>OpenWindows</CODE>. + +<A NAME="IDX686"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`PATCHES'</SAMP> +<DD> +This symbol is passed to the compiler. Use it to define additional compiler +flags. +Add the <EM>-DNEED_STRDUP</EM> flag, if your system does not have a strdup() +library function. + +<A NAME="IDX687"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`HAS_REGEX'</SAMP> +<DD> +Set to <EM>-DHAS_REGEX</EM> if your system supports regular expressions. +This enables the actions <EM>Select(*ByName)</EM>. + +<A NAME="IDX688"></A> +<A NAME="IDX689"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`EXITCALL'</SAMP> +<DD> +The symbol <EM>EXITCALL</EM> should be defined according to the +<EM>call on exit</EM> functions supported by your system. There are three +choices: + +<PRE> + EXITCALL = -DHAS_ATEXIT if atexit() is supported (SYSV) + EXITCALL = -DHAS_ON_EXIT if on_exit() and no atexit() is supported + EXITCALL = if none of them is supported +</PRE> + +Please check your manpages for details. + +<A NAME="IDX690"></A> +<DT><SAMP>`SYS_LIBRARIES'</SAMP> +<DD> +This symbol is used to pass additional libraries to the linker. The only +additional libraries which are used are the math and lex library. + +</DL> + +<P> +If you have to make system dependent changes please include them into a +<EM>#ifdef Architecture</EM> ... <EM>#endif</EM> construct and mail a copy to +the author (Thomas.Nau@rz.uni-ulm.de). + + +<P> +Now run <CODE>xmkmf -a</CODE> which creates the <TT>`Makefiles'</TT> and runs +<CODE>make depend</CODE>. This should finish without any problems except some +systems which complain about missing include files. Don't worry about any +such warnings at this time, the package should compile without any problems. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX691"></A> +<A NAME="IDX692"></A> +<A NAME="IDX693"></A> +<A NAME="IDX694"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC54" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC54">Manuals</A></H3> +<P> +After <CODE>xmkmf -a</CODE> has created the new <TT>`Makefile'</TT> you are able to +create the manpages, the application resource, the info file, the +<CODE>TeX</CODE> output and a reference card by executing + +<PRE> + (cd doc; make) + (cd src; make Pcb.ad) +</PRE> + +<P> +You'll need <CODE>TeX</CODE>, <CODE>texindex</CODE> and, if you want <CODE>PostScript</CODE>, +<CODE>dvips</CODE> to build the manuals. Preformatted documentation for the +default configuration may be found in the <TT>`./doc.ps'</TT> directory. +A simple <EM>make</EM> builds everything. +Generate a printed copy to make your life easier. +<CODE>TeX-3.0</CODE> failed, <CODE>TeX-3.14</CODE> worked just fine. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX695"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC55" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC55">Compiling the Package</A></H3> +<P> +After reaching this point, it is time for <CODE>make</CODE>. It should build +everything without any errors. +If it doesn't refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC56">Troubleshooting</A>. + + +<P> +You have to be root to install the package or at least a user with +the appropriate priveleges in some <CODE>X11</CODE> directories. Set the umask to +<EM>022</EM> or else some files will not be found because the directory isn't +world readable. + + +<P> +If you do not have the appropriate permissions you should run +<TT>`./pcbtest.sh'</TT> in the <TT>`src'</TT> directory to run <CODE>Pcb</CODE> from +the installation directory. + + +<P> +<CODE>make install</CODE> and <CODE>make install.man</CODE> install the program, +the fonts, the application default resource file, all element and package +data as well as the manpage into the <CODE>X11</CODE> directories. +<CODE>make install.info</CODE> does the same for the <CODE>GNU</CODE> info file. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX696"></A> +<A NAME="IDX697"></A> + + +<H2><A NAME="SEC56" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC56">Troubleshooting</A></H2> +<P> +There are some known problems. Most of them are related to +missing parts of a standard <CODE>X11</CODE> distribution. Some others are caused by +third party applications such as <CODE>X</CODE> servers. To make this list more +complete please mail your problems and, if available, solutions to the author. +The mail address may be found at the beginning of this chapter. +In any case, read section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC64">Problems related to X11</A>. + + +<P> +By the way, you <CODE>MUST HAVE AN ANSI COMPILER</CODE> to make <CODE>Pcb</CODE> work. + + +<P> +If the shell script <CODE>create_sed_script.sh</CODE> fails with an error +of <CODE>awk</CODE> check your system for <CODE>nawk</CODE> or get the <CODE>GNU gawk</CODE>. +See the script for details. + + +<P> +Another source of problems are older versions of <CODE>flex</CODE> and <CODE>bison</CODE>. +<CODE>Pcb</CODE> definitely works with <CODE>flex-2.4.7</CODE> and <CODE>bison-1.22</CODE> or +later. The problems will result in a <EM>syntax error</EM> while parsing files. +You will have to add <EM>-lfl</EM> to the SYS_LIBRARIES identifier in +<TT>`Imakefile'</TT>. See also, section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC63">FreeBSD and NetBSD</A>. + + +<P> +The following list gives you just an idea because I'm not able to test +all <CODE>Pcb</CODE> releases on all platforms. + + + +<UL> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC57">HP</A>: Hewlett-Packard series 700 and 800 running HP-UX 10.* +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC58">Sun</A>: Sun, Solaris 2.5 +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC59">SGI</A>: SGI, IRIX 5.3 and 6.* +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC60">DEC Alpha</A>: DEC Alpha, DEC UNIX 3.2c and 4.0 +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC61">SCO</A>: SCO Unix ODT 3.0, PC hardware +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC62">Linux</A>: Linux 0.99pl14 and later +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC63">FreeBSD</A>: FreeBSD, NetBSD ... +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC64">X11</A>: Refers to <CODE>X11R4</CODE>, <CODE>X11R5</CODE>, and <CODE>OpenWindows</CODE> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#SEC65">TeX and Manuals</A>: Problems creating the <TT>`pcb.dvi'</TT> +</UL> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX698"></A> +<A NAME="IDX699"></A> +<A NAME="IDX700"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC57" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC57">HP Series 700 and 800</A></H3> +<P> +You have to install several <CODE>X11</CODE> tools (<CODE>imake</CODE>) and include files +or, better, install a complete <CODE>X11R5</CODE> release. Hewlett-Packard doesn't +support the Athena Widgets. So the header files and libraries are missing +from the application media, but they are available as a patch. +They also do not ship the <CODE>ANSI</CODE> compiler with the normal operating +system release so you have to buy one or use <CODE>GCC</CODE>. +Some of the tools are available as patches. + + +<P> +In addition, <CODE>Pcb</CODE> has been successfully tested on these platforms with +<CODE>HPUX 9.*, 10.*</CODE> running self-compiled <CODE>X11R5</CODE>. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX701"></A> +<A NAME="IDX702"></A> +<A NAME="IDX703"></A> +<A NAME="IDX704"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC58" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC58">Sun SPARC architecture</A></H3> +<P> +There are no known problems with Sun machines if they use <CODE>X11R5</CODE> instead +of <CODE>OpenWindows</CODE>. <CODE>Pcb</CODE> compiled successfully with all kinds of +SPARCstations <CODE>Solaris-2.[345]</CODE>. + + +<P> +For problems with <CODE>OpenWindows</CODE> refer to section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC64">Problems related to X11</A>. + + +<P> +If <CODE>xmkmf</CODE> is missing, try + +<PRE> + /usr/openwin/bin/imake -DUseInstalled -I/usr/openwin/lib/config + make Makefile + make includes + make depend +</PRE> + +<P> +instead. I got it compiled but the linker complained about missing symbols. +The problem may be related to the mixed <CODE>OpenWindows</CODE> - <CODE>X11R5</CODE> +environment which is installed on the test machine. +Anyway the code was executable and I haven't got a core yet. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX705"></A> +<A NAME="IDX706"></A> +<A NAME="IDX707"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC59" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC59">Silicon Graphics</A></H3> +<P> +<CODE>Pcb</CODE> has been tested on some boxes running either <CODE>IRIX-4.0.5</CODE> or +<CODE>IRIX-5.3</CODE>. The former one uses a <CODE>X11R4</CODE> server. +There are no problems except some additionally needed +compiler flags. For known problems +with <CODE>X11R4</CODE>, see section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC64">Problems related to X11</A>. Check <TT>`Imakefile'</TT>, too. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX708"></A> +<A NAME="IDX709"></A> +<A NAME="IDX710"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC60" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC60">DEC Alpha</A></H3> +<P> +<CODE>Pcb</CODE> compiled and runs without problems on <CODE>DEC UNIX V3.2c</CODE> if you +do the following instead of calling <CODE>xmkmf -a</CODE>: + +<PRE> + xmkmf + make Makefiles + make includes + make depend +</PRE> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX711"></A> +<A NAME="IDX712"></A> +<A NAME="IDX713"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC61" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC61">SCO Unix</A></H3> +<P> +John DuBois <spcecdt@deeptht.armory.com> wrote: + +<PRE> +<CODE>SCO-ODT-3.0</CODE> requires the latest version of tls003, the Athena +widget library (available from sosco.sco.com). The main problems +I have encountered are it core dumps fairly often, especially +while loading/dropping elements... +</PRE> + +<P> +I'll see what I am able to do as soon as I have access to an <CODE>SCO</CODE> system. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX714"></A> +<A NAME="IDX715"></A> +<A NAME="IDX716"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC62" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC62">Linux</A></H3> +<P> +Since the <CODE>X11</CODE> version of <CODE>Pcb</CODE> has been developed on a Linux +system here are no known problems. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX717"></A> +<A NAME="IDX718"></A> +<A NAME="IDX719"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC63" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC63">FreeBSD and NetBSD</A></H3> +<P> +If <CODE>Pcb</CODE> complains about syntax errors even in the demo files get +rid of your <CODE>lex</CODE> and <CODE>yacc</CODE> implementation. Replace them by +<CODE>GNU flex</CODE> and <CODE>bison</CODE>. Don't forget to change the SYS_LIBRARIES +in <TT>`Imakefile'</TT> from <EM>-ll</EM> to <EM>-lfl</EM>. You also need to define: + +<PRE> + YACC = bison -y + LEX = flex +</PRE> + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX720"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC64" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC64">Problems related to X11</A></H3> +<P> +There are a some problems related to <CODE>X11R4</CODE> or systems derived from +<CODE>X11</CODE> such as <CODE>OpenWindows</CODE>. See section <A HREF="pcb.html#SEC58">Sun SPARC architecture</A>. You at least have to change +all occurances of <EM>baseTranslations</EM> in the resource files to +<EM>translations</EM> if you are using a <CODE>X11R4</CODE> server. Look at the +<CODE>X11R5</CODE> <EM>Intrinsics</EM> manual for details. + + +<P> +The panner widget (print dialog box) appears only in release <CODE>X11R5</CODE> and +later. It really simplifies adjusting the offsets. +With earlier releases the printout will always appear in the center of the +page. + + +<P> +You may have some problems in a mixed <CODE>X11-OpenWindows</CODE> +environment. +If you want to try it anyway you have to add an additional path for +include files and define another symbol in <TT>`Imakefile'</TT>, + +<PRE> + EXTRA_INCLUDES = -I/usr/openwin/include +</PRE> + +<P> +<CODE>Pcb</CODE> has been tested successfully with <CODE>X11R6</CODE> under Linux 1.1.59 +and later. + + +<P> +<A NAME="IDX721"></A> + + +<H3><A NAME="SEC65" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC65">Problems related to TeX</A></H3> +<P> +If your <CODE>TeX</CODE> installation complains about a missing <TT>`texinfo.tex'</TT> +file copy the one included in this release (directory <TT>`doc'</TT> +to your <CODE>TeX</CODE> macro directory. +Note, there are probably newer versions of this file available from some +FTP sites. +<CODE>TeX-3.0</CODE> failed, <CODE>TeX-3.14</CODE> worked just fine. Check our FTP server +<EM>ftp.uni-ulm.de</EM> for ready-to-print versions of the manuals. + + + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC66" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC66">Index of Resources</A></H1> +<P> +Jump to: +<A HREF="#vindex_/">/</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_a">a</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_b">b</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_c">c</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_d">d</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_e">e</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_f">f</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_g">g</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_h">h</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_i">i</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_l">l</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_m">m</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_o">o</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_p">p</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_r">r</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_s">s</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_t">t</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_u">u</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_v">v</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_w">w</A> +- +<A HREF="#vindex_z">z</A> +<P> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_/">/</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX680">/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_a">a</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX283">absoluteGrid</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX285">alignmentDistance</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX160">allDirectionLines</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX287">allDirectionLines</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_b">b</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX165">backupInterval</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX290">backupInterval</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX292">bloat</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_c">c</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX168">charactersPerLine</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX295">charactersPerLine</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX299">connectedColor</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX302">crosshairColor</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_d">d</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX174">default font</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX681">DEFAULTFONT</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX682">DEFAULTLIBRARY</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_e">e</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX305">elementColor</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX178">elementCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX309">elementCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX651">elementCommand</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX372">elementContentsCommand</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX316">elementPath</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX306">elementSelectedColor</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX688">EXITCALL</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX689">EXITCALL</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX685">EXTRA_INCLUDES</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_f">f</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX185">fileCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX321">fileCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX652">fileCommand</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX328">filePath</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX192">fontCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX333">fontCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX653">fontCommand</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX173">fontFile</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX341">fontFile</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX344">fontPath</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_g">g</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX683">gm4</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX350">grid</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX353">gridColor</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_h">h</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX687">HAS_REGEX</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_i">i</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX679">INFOLIBDIR</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX356">invisibleObjectsColor</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_l">l</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX359">layerColor</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX200">layerGroups</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX363">layerGroups</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX366">layerName</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX360">layerSelectedColor</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX210">libraryCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX368">libraryCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX654">libraryCommand</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX216">libraryContentsCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX655">libraryContentsCommand</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX204">libraryFilename</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX376">libraryFilename</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX207">libraryPath</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX379">libraryPath</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX383">lineThickness</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_m">m</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX387">media</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX684">Mod1</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_o">o</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX391">offLimitColor</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_p">p</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX686">PATCHES</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX394">pinColor</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX398">pinoutFont0..4</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX224">pinoutNameLength</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX401">pinoutNameLength</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX405">pinoutOffsetX</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX406">pinoutOffsetY</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX408">pinoutTextOffsetX</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX409">pinoutTextOffsetY</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX229">pinoutZoom</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX411">pinoutZoom</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX395">pinSelectedColor</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX414">printCommand</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_r">r</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX416">raiseLogWindow</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX419">ratCommand</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX422">ratPath</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX233">resetAfterElement</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX425">resetAfterElement</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX238">ringBellWhenFinished</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX428">ringBellWhenFinished</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX242">routeStyle</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX430">routeStyle</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX432">rubberBandMode</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_s">s</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX259">saveCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX436">saveCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX656">saveCommand</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX250">saveInTMP</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX443">saveInTMP</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX245">saveLastCommand</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX450">saveLastCommand</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX453">shrink</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX266">size</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX456">size</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX459">stipplePolygons</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX690">SYS_LIBRARIES</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_t">t</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX462">textScale</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_u">u</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX465">useLogWindow</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_v">v</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX468">viaColor</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX473">viaDrillingHole</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX469">viaSelectedColor</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX472">viaThickness</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX270">volume</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX477">volume</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_w">w</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX480">warnColor</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="vindex_z">z</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX483">zoom</A> +</DIR> + + + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC67" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC67">Index of Actions, Commands and Options</A></H1> +<P> +Jump to: +<A HREF="#findex_+">+</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_-">-</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_:">:</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_a">a</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_b">b</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_c">c</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_d">d</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_e">e</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_l">l</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_m">m</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_n">n</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_p">p</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_q">q</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_r">r</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_s">s</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_t">t</A> +- +<A HREF="#findex_u">u</A> +<P> +<H2><A NAME="findex_+">+</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX164">+alldirections</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX235">+reset</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX240">+ring</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX249">+s</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX252">+save</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_-">-</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX163">-alldirections</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX167">-backup</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX172">-c</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX274">-copyright</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX175">-fontfile</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX279">-help</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX179">-lelement</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX186">-lfile</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX199">-lfont</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX203">-lg</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX205">-libname</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX208">-libpath</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX215">-llib</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX220">-llibcont</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX223">-loggeometry</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX225">-pnl</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX232">-pz</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX234">-reset</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX239">-ring</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX243">-rs</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX248">-s</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX251">-save</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX265">-sfile</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX269">-size</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX273">-v</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX276">-version</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_:">:</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX155">:actionCommand()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX131">:l</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX134">:le</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX137">:m</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX142">:q</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX148">:rn</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX145">:s</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX152">:w[q]</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_a">a</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX490">AddRats()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX494">Atomic()</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_b">b</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX497">Bell()</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_c">c</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX500">ChangeDrillSize()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX504">ChangeHole()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX507">ChangeName()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX511">ChangeOctagon()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX515">ChangeSize()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX519">ChangeSquare()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX523">Command()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX526">Connection()</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_d">d</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX533">DeleteRats()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX537">Display()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX551">DRC()</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_e">e</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX554">EditLayerGroups()</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_l">l</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX557">Load()</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_m">m</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX559">MarkCrosshair()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX562">Mode()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX565">MovePointer()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX568">MoveToCurrentLayer()</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_n">n</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX571">New()</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_p">p</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX574">PasteBuffer()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX581">Polygon()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX585">Print()</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_q">q</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX588">Quit()</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_r">r</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX591">Redo()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX594">RemoveSelected()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX597">Report()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX601">RouteStyle()</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_s">s</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX604">Save()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX607">Select()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX610">SetValue()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX617">SwapSides()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX620">SwitchDrawingLayer()</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_t">t</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX623">ToggleHideName()</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="findex_u">u</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX627">Undo()</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX630">Unselect()</A> +</DIR> + + + + +<H1><A NAME="SEC68" HREF="pcb_toc.html#TOC68">Index of Concepts</A></H1> +<P> +Jump to: +<A HREF="#cindex_/">/</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_a">a</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_b">b</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_c">c</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_d">d</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_e">e</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_f">f</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_g">g</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_h">h</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_i">i</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_k">k</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_l">l</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_m">m</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_n">n</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_o">o</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_p">p</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_q">q</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_r">r</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_s">s</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_t">t</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_u">u</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_v">v</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_x">x</A> +- +<A HREF="#cindex_z">z</A> +<P> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_/">/</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX100">/tmp</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX257">/tmp</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX448">/tmp</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_a">a</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX27">about, command button</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX156">action command</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX485">actions</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX157">Actions, initiating</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX286">alignment</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX111">alignment targets</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX710">Alpha</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX10">arc</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX64">arc, an example</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX698">architecture</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX701">architecture</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX705">architecture</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX708">architecture</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX711">architecture</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX714">architecture</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX650">ASCII files, format of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX1">Atari version</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX496">atomic</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_b">b</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX97">backup</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX166">backup</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX253">backup</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX291">backup</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX444">backup</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX657">basic types</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX499">bell</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX293">bloat</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX87">buffer, an example</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX84">buffer, convert contents to element</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX44">buffer, popup menu</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX575">buffer, selecting a</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX488">button translations</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_c">c</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX327">cat</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX340">cat</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX442">cat</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX538">centering</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX21">change active layer</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX621">change drawing layer</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX509">change object name</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX611">change settings</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX501">change sizes</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX516">change sizes</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX520">change square flag</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX618">change viewing side</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX169">characters per line</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX296">characters per line</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX289">clipping lines to 45 degree</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX550">clipping lines to 45 degree</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX162">clipping of lines</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX584">closing a polygon</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX109">color printout</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX482">color, warning</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX300">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX303">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX307">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX354">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX357">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX361">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX392">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX396">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX470">colors</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX481">colors</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX159">command-line options</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX675">compile, how to</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX676">config.h</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX639">connection, removing an</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX301">connections, colors</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX120">connections, creating list of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX46">connections, popup menu</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX529">connections, reseting</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX236">connections, reseting after element</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX426">connections, reseting after element</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX531">connections, searching for</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX18">control panel</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX648">copy an object</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX580">copying objects</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX90">copying, an example</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX275">copyright</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX56">creating objects</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX304">cursor color</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX567">cursor movements</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX561">cursor position</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX352">cursor steps</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX579">cutting objects</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_d">d</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX709">DEC</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX176">default font</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX342">default font</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX457">default layout size</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX377">default library</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX464">default text scaling</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX634">default translations</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX125">design rule checking</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX552">design rule checking</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX105">device, selecting an output</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX101">directory /tmp</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX258">directory /tmp</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX449">directory /tmp</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX461">display</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX29">display, popup menu</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX30">displaying element names</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX542">displaying element names</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX548">displaying pinout</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX16">displaying status information</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX117">DOS filenames</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX52">drawing objects</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX126">drc</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX294">drc</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX455">drc</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX553">drc</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX600">drill</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX503">drilling hole, changing of objects</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX614">drilling hole, setting of initial size</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX694">DVI format of manual</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_e">e</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX625">element name, hiding</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX626">element name, removing from silk-screen</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX74">element, an example</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX6">element, an overview</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX308">element, color</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX358">element, color</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX180">element, command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX310">element, command</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX82">element, creating a new package</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX31">element, display names of</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX543">element, display names of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX662">element, fileformat</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX181">element, files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX311">element, files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX319">element, files</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX136">element, loading to buffer</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX644">element, move name of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX130">entering user commands</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX54">erasing objects</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX76">example files</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX88">example of buffer handling</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX119">example of connection lists</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX92">example of copying</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX81">example of creating an element</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX75">example of element handling</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX63">example of line handling</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX96">example of loading</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX78">example of loading an element file</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX91">example of moving</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX86">example of pastebuffer handling</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX80">example of pin handling</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX66">example of polygon handling</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX104">example of printing</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX68">example of rectangle handling</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX95">example of saving</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX71">example of text handling</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX73">example of via handling</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX143">exit</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX590">exit</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_f">f</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX664">file format, element data</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX667">file format, font data</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX661">file format, layout data</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX673">file format, libraries</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX670">file format, library contents</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX649">file formats</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX658">file formats, basic types</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX187">file load command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX322">file load command</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX260">file save command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX437">file save command</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX28">file, popup menu</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX193">font command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX334">font command</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX665">font file, format of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX194">font files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX335">font files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX347">font files</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX4">font, an overview</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX399">font, used for pin names</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX663">format of element files</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX666">format of font files</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX660">format of layout files</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX672">format of libraries</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX669">format of library contents</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX717">FreeBSD</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_g">g</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX24">grid</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX284">grid</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX351">grid</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX355">grid color</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX33">grid, absolute and relative</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX544">grid, absolute and relative</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX32">grid, display</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX545">grid, display</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX613">grid, setting of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX202">groups</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX365">groups</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX556">groups, editing of</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_h">h</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX700">Hewlett Packard</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX624">hide element name</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX14">how to start</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX699">HP</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_i">i</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX692">info file</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX599">information about objects</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX17">input-field, position of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX247">inputfield, saving entered command-line</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX452">inputfield, saving entered command-line</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX525">inputfield, start user input</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX674">install, how to</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_k">k</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX487">key translations</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX241">keyboard bell</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX429">keyboard bell</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_l">l</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX622">layer, change active</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX367">layer, name of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX8">layers, an overview</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX20">layers, changing active one</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX362">layers, colors</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX555">layers, editing of groups</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX201">layers, groups</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX364">layers, groups</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX19">layers, switching on/off</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX188">layout files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX261">layout files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX323">layout files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX331">layout files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX438">layout files</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX659">layout files, format of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX147">layout files, saving of</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX154">layout files, saving of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX2">layout objects, an overview</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX268">layout size</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX458">layout, default size of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX133">layout, loading a</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX140">layout, loading to buffer</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX141">layout, merging a</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX586">layout, printing a</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX572">layout, start a new</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX7">layout-name</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX151">layout-name</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX228">length of a pin name</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX404">length of a pin name</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX170">length of outputline</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX211">library command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX369">library command</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX217">library contents command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX373">library contents command</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX668">library contents file, format of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX671">library file, format of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX206">library name</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX378">library name</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX209">library search path</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX382">library searchpath</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX51">library window</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX161">line clipping</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX297">linelength</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX62">lines, an example</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX9">lines, an overview</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX288">lines, clipping to 45 degree</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX549">lines, clipping to 45 degree</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX616">lines, setting of initial size</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX384">lines, size</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX715">Linux</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX298">list of connections</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX218">listing libraries</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX374">listing library contents</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX138">loading a layout to buffer</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX182">loading elements</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX212">loading elements</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX312">loading elements</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX320">loading elements</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX370">loading elements</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX135">loading elements to buffer</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX558">loading files</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX195">loading fonts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX336">loading fonts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX348">loading fonts</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX132">loading layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX189">loading layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX324">loading layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX332">loading layouts</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX196">loading symbols</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX337">loading symbols</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX349">loading symbols</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX93">loading, an example</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX49">log window</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX221">log window</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX417">log window</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX466">log window</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_m">m</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX315">m4</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX77">m4, preprocessing example files</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX695">make</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX678">Makefile</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX691">manuals</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX560">mark</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX388">media</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX389">media margin</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX114">media, size of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX25">menus</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX139">merging layouts</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX50">messages</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX222">messages</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX418">messages</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX467">messages</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX108">mirroring printout</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX22">mode selection</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX563">mode, selecting of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX506">mounting holes</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX433">move</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX647">move an object</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX570">moving objects to current layer</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX89">moving, an example</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_n">n</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX541">name of an element</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX508">name, change an objects</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX226">namelength of pins</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX402">namelength of pins</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX718">NetBSD</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX123">netlist</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX149">netlist</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX421">netlist</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX424">netlist</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX492">netlist</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX536">netlist</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_o">o</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX510">object, change name of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX61">object, changing the size of an</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX646">object, copy an</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX57">object, creating an</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX55">object, drawing and removing</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX645">object, move an</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX59">object, removing an</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX638">object, removing an</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX42">object, selecting an</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX569">objects, moving to current layer</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX36">objects, popup menu</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX514">octagonal pins and vias</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX393">off limit color</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX410">offset of pinnames</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX407">offset of pinout</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX115">offset of printout</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX704">OpenWindows</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX564">operation modes, selecting of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX110">outline printout</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX106">output device</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX171">outputline, length of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX128">overlap, minimum</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_p">p</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX85">pastebuffer, an example</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX83">pastebuffer, convert contents to element</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX45">pastebuffer, popup menu</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX576">pastebuffer, selecting a</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX318">path for element files</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX346">path for font files</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX330">path for layout files</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX381">path for libraries</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX713">PC UNIX</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX716">PC UNIX</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX719">PC UNIX</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX397">pin color</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX227">pin, name of</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX403">pin, name of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX37">pinout of elements</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX547">pinout, display of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX400">pinout, font to display pin names</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX230">pinout, zoomfactor of display</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX412">pinout, zoomfactor of display</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX79">pins, an example</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX512">pins, changing shape of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX566">pointer, moving of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX460">polygon</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX583">polygon point, go back to previous</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX65">polygon, an example</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX11">polygon, an overview</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX582">polygon, closing a</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX26">popping up menus</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX263">postprocessing layout data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX440">postprocessing layout data</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX183">preprocessing element data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX213">preprocessing element data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX313">preprocessing element data</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX197">preprocessing font data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX338">preprocessing font data</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX190">preprocessing layout data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX325">preprocessing layout data</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX99">preventing loss of data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX255">preventing loss of data</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX446">preventing loss of data</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX118">print command</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX113">print media</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX390">print media</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX116">print offset</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX415">printing</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX587">printing a layout</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX103">printing, an example</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX696">problems</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_q">q</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX144">quit</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX589">quit</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_r">r</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX124">rat-line</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX493">rat-line</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX535">rat-line</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX122">rats nest</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX150">rats nest</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX420">rats nest</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX423">rats nest</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX491">rats nest</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX534">rats nest</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX593">recover</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX629">recover</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX67">rectangle, an example</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX592">redo</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX539">redrawing layout</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX540">refreshing layout</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX277">release, current</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX637">removing connections</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX53">removing objects</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX58">removing objects</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX636">removing objects</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX595">removing selected objects</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX598">report</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX48">report, popup menu</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX237">reseting found connections</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX427">reseting found connections</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX530">reseting found connections</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX281">resources</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX435">rotate</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX578">rotating a buffer</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX107">rotating printout</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX244">routing style</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX431">routing style</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX602">routing style</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX434">rubberband</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX546">rubberband</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_s">s</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX606">saving connections</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX605">saving files</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX532">saving found connections</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX246">saving last entered user command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX451">saving last entered user command</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX98">saving layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX146">saving layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX153">saving layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX254">saving layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX262">saving layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX439">saving layouts</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX445">saving layouts</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX94">saving, an example</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX112">scaling a printout</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX527">scanning connections</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX712">SCO</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX640">scrolling</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX641">scrolling</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX528">searching connections</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX317">searchpath for element files</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX345">searchpath for font files</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX329">searchpath for layout files</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX380">searchpath for libraries</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX596">selected object, removing an</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX41">selected objects, changing size</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX40">selected objects, removing</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX577">selecting a buffer</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX23">selecting a new mode</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX43">selecting objects</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX609">selecting objects</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX608">selection</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX631">selection</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX121">selection, an example</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX39">selection, popup menu</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX707">SGI</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX454">shrink</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX498">signal</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX706">Silicon Graphics</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX267">size of a layout</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX385">size of lines</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX603">size of lines and vias</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX475">size of vias</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX502">sizes, changing of objects</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX517">sizes, changing of objects</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX35">sizes, popup menu</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX703">Solaris</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX127">spacing, minimum</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX271">speaker volume</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX478">speaker volume</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX521">square flag, changing of objects</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX524">start user input</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX573">starting a new layout</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX158">starting <CODE>Pcb</CODE></A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX15">status information</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX70">strings, an example</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX13">strings, an overview</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX702">Sun</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX177">symbols</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX343">symbols</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX3">symbols, an overview</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_t">t</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX102">temporary files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX256">temporary files</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX447">temporary files</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX721">TeX, problems</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX693">texinfo file</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX69">text, an example</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX12">text, an overview</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX463">text, default scaling</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX38">text, editing</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX386">thickness of lines</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX60">thickness of objects</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX476">thickness of vias</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX518">thickness, changing of objects</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX522">thickness, changing of objects</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX486">translations</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX633">translations</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX697">troubleshooting</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_u">u</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX628">undo</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX495">undo, multi-action resources</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX47">undo, popup menu</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX184">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX191">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX198">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX214">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX219">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX264">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX314">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX326">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX339">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX371">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX375">unix command</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX441">unix command</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX632">unselect objects</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX129">user commands</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX642">user input</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX643">user input</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_v">v</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX278">version, current</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX72">vias, an example</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX5">vias, an overview</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX513">vias, changing shape of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX471">vias, color</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX505">vias, converting to mounting hole</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX615">vias, setting of initial size</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX474">vias, size</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX619">viewing side, changing of</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX272">volume of speaker</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX479">volume of speaker</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_x">x</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX280">X11</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX635">X11 default translations</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX282">X11 resources</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX489">X11 translations</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX720">X11, problems</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX677">xmkmf</A> +</DIR> +<H2><A NAME="cindex_z">z</A></H2> +<DIR> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX484">zoom of drawing window</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX231">zoom of pinout window</A>, <A HREF="pcb.html#IDX413">zoom of pinout window</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX34">zoom, setting</A> +<LI><A HREF="pcb.html#IDX612">zoom, setting of</A> +</DIR> + + +<P><HR><P> +This document was generated on 31 August 2000 using +<A HREF="http://wwwinfo.cern.ch/dis/texi2html/">texi2html</A> 1.56k. +</BODY> +</HTML> diff --git a/cad/pcb/files/pcb.info b/cad/pcb/files/pcb.info new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d206463fd1e --- /dev/null +++ b/cad/pcb/files/pcb.info @@ -0,0 +1,4125 @@ +This is Info file pcb.info, produced by Makeinfo version 1.68 from the +input file pcb.texi. + +INFO-DIR-SECTION PCB Layout Tool +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* Pcb: (pcb). PCB Layout Tool. +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY + + This file documents how to use Pcb, the interactive printed circuit +board layout system for `X11'. + + Copyright (C) 1994,1995,1996 Thomas Nau + + This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify +it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at +your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but +WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +MERCHANT-ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU +General Public License for more details. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Top, Next: Copying, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir) + +Pcb +*** + + This document is a manual for `Pcb', the interactive printed circuit +board layout system for `X11'. + +* Menu: + +* Copying:: `Pcb' is freely redistributable! +* History:: How it all began. +* Intro:: A short description of the basic objects. +* Getting Started:: Introduction to `Pcb'. +* User Commands:: User commands of `Pcb'. +* Command-Line Options:: Calling `Pcb' from a shell. +* X11 Interface:: Action routines, resources and default translation. +* File Formats:: Description of `ASCII' files used by `Pcb'. +* Installation:: Compiling, installing and troubleshooting. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Copying, Next: History, Prev: Top, Up: Top + +Copying +******* + + Copyright (C) 1994,1995,1996,1997 Thomas Nau + + This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify +it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at +your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but +WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +MERCHANT-ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU +General Public License for more details. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: History, Next: Intro, Prev: Copying, Up: Top + +History +******* + + `Pcb' is a handy tool for laying out printed circuit boards. It was +first written for an Atari ST in 1990 and ported to `UNIX' and `X11' in +1994. I never had the intention to create another professional layout +system, but to write a tool which supports people like you who do some +home-developing of hardware. For this reason it has no auto-router nor +auto-placement code. + + The second release 1.2 included menus for the first time. This made +`PCB' easier to use and thus a more important tool. + + Release 1.3 introduced undo for highly-destructive commands, more +straightforward action handling and scalable fonts. Layer-groups were +introduced to group signal-layers together. + + Release 1.4 provided support for add-on device drivers. Two layers +(the solder and the component side) were added to support SMD elements. +The handling of libraries was also improved in 1.4.1. Support for +additional devices like GERBER plotters started in 1.4.4. The undo +feature was expanded and the redo-feature added in 1.4.5. + + Release 1.5 provides support for rats-nest generation from simple net +lists. It also allows for automatic clearances around pins that pierce +a polygon. A variety of other enhancments including a Gerber RS274X +driver and NC drill file generation have also been added. harry eaton +(haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu) was responsible for most of the changes +found in this release. + + Release 1.6 provides automatic screen updates of changed regions. +This should elliminate most of the need for the redraw (r) key. Also +some changes to what order items under the cursor are selected were +made for better consistancy - it is no longer possible to accidentally +move a line or line point that is completely obscured by a polygon +laying over top of it. Larger objects on the upper most layers can be +selected ahead of smaller objects on lower layers. These changes make +operations more intuitive. A new mode of line creation was added that +creates two line on 45 degree angles with a single click. The actual +outline of the prospective line(s) are now shown during line creation. +An arc creation mode was added. Drawn arcs are quarter circles and can +be useful for high frequency controlled impedance lines. (You can have +eighth circle arc if the source is compiled with -DARC45, but be aware +that the ends of such arcs can never intersect a grid point). Two new +flags for pins and vias were created - one indicates that the pin or +via is purely a drill hole and has no copper annulus. You can only +toggle this flag for vias - for elements, it must be an integral part +of the element definition. The other flag controls whether the pad +will be round or octagonal. There is also now a feature for converting +the contents of a buffer into an element. Vias become the pins (or +mounting holes), lines and arcs on the solder layer become silkscreen, +and lines on the component layer become the pads. Action commands +entered via the colon command entry are no longer proceeded with "a ", +just type the command directly. Several bugs have also been fixed. New +ones were probably introduced since extensive changes were made. harry +eaton was responsible for these changes. + + Release 1.6.1 adds the ability to make groups of action commands +bound to a single X11 event to be undone by a single undo. Also a +simple design rule checker was added - it checks for minimum spacing +and overlap rules. Plus many fixes for bugs introduced with the many +changes of 1.6 harry is responsible for these changes too. + + Special thanks goes to: + Bernhard Daeubler (Bernhard.Daeubler@physik.uni-ulm.de) + Harald Daeubler (Harald.Daeubler@physik.uni-ulm.de) + Roland Merk (merk@faw.uni-ulm.de) + Erland Unruh (Erland.Unruh@malmo.trab.se) + Albert John FitzPatrick III (ajf_nylorac@acm.org) + Boerge Strand (borges@ifi.uio.no) + harry eaton (haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu) + Andre M. Hedrick (hedrick@Astro.Dyer.Vanderbilt.Edu) + + who did most of the alpha and beta testing, helped to port `PCB' to + several operating systems and platforms and corrected several typos +in the manuals. In addition to these, many others donated time for +bug-fixing and other important work. Some of them can be identified in +the source code files. Thanks to all of them. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Intro, Next: Getting Started, Prev: History, Up: Top + +Introduction +************ + + Each layout consists of several, mostly independent, objects. This +chapter gives an overview of the object types and their relationship to +each other. For a complete description of how to use `Pcb', refer to +*Note Getting Started::. The layout is generated on-screen on a grid +that has its origin in the upper left corner of the screen. The x +coordinate increases to the right, y increases down to the bottom. All +distances and sizes in `Pcb' are measured in mils (0.001 inch). One +unit on the display grid is one mil in distance on the board. The +sections in this chapter are sorted by the order of appearance of the +objects within a layout file. + +* Menu: + +* Symbol Objects:: Information about fonts and symbols. +* Via Objects:: Vias and pins connect layers. +* Element Objects:: Element, the basic type of circuits. +* Layer Objects:: A `container' for lines, text... +* Line Objects:: +* Arc Objects:: +* Polygon Objects:: +* Text Objects:: Objects to add symbols to your board. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Symbol Objects, Next: Via Objects, Up: Intro + +Symbols +======= + + The top object is the layout itself. It uses a set of symbols that +resides at the first logical level. Each symbol is uniquely identified +by a seven bit `ASCII' code. All layout objects share the same set of +symbols. These symbols are used to form text objects on the silkscreen +and copper layers. Undefined symbols are drawn as filled rectangles. + + Every font file is preprocessed by a user-defined command when it is +loaded. For details see `fontCommand', *Note Resources::. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Via Objects, Next: Element Objects, Prev: Symbol Objects, Up: Intro + +Vias +==== + + Vias are identical to the pins used by elements except that they can +be added or removed individually. The purpose of vias is to provide +connections between different layers. Don't use vias for adding +elements to the layout, even if that seems easier than creating a new +element. Vias are useful for defining arbitrary drill points such as +those used for mounting a board. You can assign a name to a via even +though you probably won't ever want to. Vias reside at the first +logical level; therefore, each via exists on all layers. (*i.e.* blind +vias are not supported) + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Element Objects, Next: Layer Objects, Prev: Via Objects, Up: Intro + +Elements +======== + + Elements represent the components on a board. Elements are loaded +from `ASCII' coded files in a similar manner to the layout file itself. +They are composed of lines and arcs on the silk-screen layer (used to +define the package outline) , pins (or pads for SMD) and three labels +that define the description, the element's layout-name (which also +appears on the silk- screen layer) and its value. Element pins are +contained on the first logical level and so reside on all layers. A +mark is used to position the element with respect to the cursor +cross-hair during pasting. SMD elements use pads instead of pins. +Pads are handled similarly to lines on a layer but they must be oriented +either vertically or horizontally. Pads can have either rounded or +square ends. All parts of an element are treated as one unit. It is +not possible to delete a single pin or break an element into pieces on +the layout. You can resize separate pieces of an element, but doing so +is usually a bad idea. + + Elements are supported by several special layers: *silk*, +*pins/pads* and *far-side*. The *silk* layer shows the package outline +and also holds legend text and element names. The *pins/pads* layer is +used to toggle whether the element's pins and pads are displayed. The +*far-side* layer controls visibility of objects (silkscreen and pads) +that are on the far (*i.e.* not currently viewed) side of the board. + + Every element file is preprocessed by a user-defined command when +the file is read. For details see `elementCommand', *Note Resources::. +`m4', the default value of `elementCommand', allows you to create +libraries for package definitions that are shared by all elements. The +element libraries distributed with `Pcb' expect `m4' or an equivalent +to be the *elementCommand*. + + `Pcb' can create a list of all connections from one (or all) +elements to the others or a list of unconnected pins. It can also +verify the layout connections against a netlist file. The element's +`layout-name' is the name used to identify an element in a netlist file. +The pin numbering for an element is defined by unique strings assigned +to each pin. In addition to the "pin number" string, each pin has a +"name" which describes its function. Previously element pin number was +established by the order of appearance of the pin definitions in the +layout or element file. Since the "number" strings for each pin are a +new feature, if they are absent then the numbering is again established +by the order of pin appearance in the file. In other words, the first +pin appearing in the file is pin one, the next pin is pin two and so on. +Usually the names assigned to pins are simply numbers, but they don't +have to be. It is only necessary that the "number" string for the pin +matches exactly the "number" string in the netlist file. Be aware that +a few of the library parts may still be incorrectly implemented +regarding pin-numbering. All of the DIL (Dual- Inline-Pins) parts are +correct and most of the others are too, but you should verify the pin +numbering of any non-DIL part (use the *Report Menu* to see what `Pcb' +thinks a pin's number is) before using the rats nest feature with a +library part. Hopefully sometime soon someone will volunteer to +cross-check all of the element libraries and make fixes available as +necessary. `Pcb' can also check a layout to see that it meets minimum +spacing and overlap rules. + + You can make your own quick-and-dirty element definitions +graphically now. Simply draw vias for the pins and lines and arcs on a +solder layer for the silkscreen outline. You should name each via with +the pin number. If you want to create a SMD device, draw lines for the +pads on a component side layer (You must draw these in pin number order +since lines can't be named). They must be either horizontal or vertical +or they will not be recognized as pads. Once you are happy with the +geometry, select everything that is to become part of the element, then +choose "cut to buffer" from the menu. Now select "convert buffer to +element" from the menu. Viola'! Afterwards you can make pin one +square (or pads) if you like, and give the element its various names. +Note that the element mark corresponds to the cut position when +everything was put into the buffer. If the vias are not named, then the +pin numbering will correspond to the order in which the vias were +placed. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Layer Objects, Next: Line Objects, Prev: Element Objects, Up: Intro + +Layers +====== + + Every layout consists of several layers that can be used +independently or treated as a group. Layer groups can be used to +logically separate (and color-code) different traces (*e.g.* power and +signal); however, all layers within a group reside on the same physical +copper layer of a board, so using different layers within the same +group won't provide electrical separation where they touch or overlap. +For details, see `layerGroups', *Note Resources::. Each layer is drawn +in a color defined in the resource file (for details see `layerColor', +*Note Resources::) and identified by a name that you can change. +Layers are really just containers for line, polygon, and text objects. +The component and solder layers contain SMD elements as well, but the +file structure doesn't reflect that fact directly. Each layer group +represents a physical layer on the printed circuit board. If you want +to make a four layer board, you'll need to have four layer groups. +Connections between layer groups are established only through element +pins and vias. The relationship between a specific layer and the board +itself is configureable from the `Edit layer groups' option in the +`Objects' menu. The layer groups corresponding to the physical layers +*component-side* and *solder-side* are always defined, and you must map +at least one logical layer to each. Of course, you are not obligated +to put tracks on either of them. SMD-elements always reside on either +the component-side or the solder-side layer group. You can swap which +side of the board you are viewing by pressing *<Key>Tab*. You can +decide which layer group will be the solder side and which will be the +component side. The layers groups just have a name or number +associated with them - where they are sandwiched in the board is left +to the manufacturing processes. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Line Objects, Next: Arc Objects, Prev: Layer Objects, Up: Intro + +Lines +===== + + Lines are used to draw tracks on the pc board. When in the line +mode, each *<Btn1>* press establishes one end of a line. Once the +second point is defined, the line is drawn and a new line started where +the first one ended. You can abondon the new starting point in favor +of another by pressing *Ctrl<Btn1>*. The undo function (*<Key>u*) will +take you back point by point if you use it while in the line mode. New +lines can be restricted to 45 degree angles if desired. You can toggle +this restriction on and off while creating lines by pressing *<Key>.* +(that is the *period* key). If the 45 degree restriction is turned on, +then the *<Key>/* can be used to cylce through three different modes of +45 degree line creation. One mode just creates a single line forced to +the nearest 45 degree vector. The next mode creates two lines from the +start to end points such that the first line leaves the start point at +a 90 degree vector, and the second line enters the end point on a 45 +degree vector. The next mode creates two lines such that the first line +leaves the start point on a 45 degree vector and arrives at the end +point on a 90 degree vector. You can temporarily swap between the last +two modes by holding the shift key down. It is simple to edit a line +type object by breaking it into pieces (insert point mode), moving an +end point (or the whole line) (*<Btn2Down><drag><Btn2Up>*), or changing +the layer it resides on (*<Key>m* moves the line under the pointer to +the active layer). In the case when two line segments meet at exactly +the same point you can delete the intermediate point, otherwise the +delete mode removes an entire line. Feel free to experiment since +`Pcb' will allow you to undo anything that materially affects your work. +If you switch active layers in the midst of placing lines a via will +automatically be placed, when necessary, in order to continue the +connection. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Arc Objects, Next: Polygon Objects, Prev: Line Objects, Up: Into + +Arcs +==== + + With version 1.6 it is possible to draw copper arcs. The arcs are +restricted to be quarter circles. This means they always bend a right +angle. They are very similar to lines otherwise. They are created on +the current layer and have the same thickness that new lines will have. +The various clicks for creating lines work pretty much the same way +for creating arcs. The start point for the arc is at the first *<Btn1>* +position. In order to make the arc curve in the direction desired, +drag the mouse along the tangent line from the starting position +towards the end position. If the grid is too coarse, it may not be +possible to distinguish whether you've moved over then up, or up then +over, so if you can't seem to make the arc go the direction you want, +you should decrease the grid spacing. Alternatively you could drawn +the wrong arc, then rotate and move it where you want. Like the line +tool, after an arc is drawn a new starting point is established at the +end point. Whenever a start point is established by either the line or +arc tools it will be retained if you switch directly between the tools +(e.g. *<Key>F2* for Lines, *<Key>F8* for Arcs. Of course connection +searches, undo and all the other features you'd expect work with arcs +now. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Polygon Objects, Next: Text Objects, Prev: Arc Objects, Up: Intro + +Polygons +======== + + Sometimes it's useful to fill large areas with solid copper. The +way to do this is with polygons. Polygons can be created in either the +polygon mode or the rectangle mode. In the polygon mode, you'll have +to define each corner of the polygon with a mouse click (*<Btn1>*). +When the last point is clicked exactly on top of the starting point, +the polygon is finished. Since this can be hard to do, the +*Shift<Key>p* will enter the final point for you, closing the polygon. +If the 45 degree angle restriction is turned on and you try to close +the polygon when it is not possible, you'll get a warning instead. If +you haven't finished entering a polygon, but want to undo one (or more) +of the points that you've already defined, use the undo command +(*<Key>u*). With the rectangle tool, defining the two opposite corners +is sufficient, but of course the resulting polygon is a rectangle. +Like lines, a polygon can by edited by deleting, inserting and moving +the points that define it. `Pcb' is capable of handling complex +polygons, but using a number of simpler ones improves performance of +the connection tracing code. + + A new feature in version 1.5 of `Pcb' automatically creates clearance +regions around pins and vias that pierce a polygon. This means that they +aren't electrically connected to the polygon unless you add "thermals" +to cross the clearance region. Thermals can be added and removed by +selecting the thermal mode and clicking *<Btn1>* on the pin or via. +Remember that this only creates connections to the polygon on the +active layer. The great advantage to this new polygon behavior is that +simple or complex ground and/or power planes can be easily made with +polygons and seen on the screen. If you don't want this auto-clearance +behavior, or you load a layout created by an earlier version of `Pcb', +the old behavior (shorts to all piercing pins and vias) is available. +A `ChangeSize' operation (*<Key>s*) toggles a polygon between the new +and old polygon/pin behavior. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Text Objects, Prev: Polygon Objects, Up: Intro + +Text +==== + + Text objects should be used to label a layout or to put additional +information on the board, but not to identify elements because elements +have their own labels. Text is always horizontal when first created, +but the rotate mode can align it along 0, 90, 180 and 270 degree angles. +Text can be moved from any layer to the silk-screen layer with a +command in the `selection menu'. Text that is moved to the silk-screen +layer will appear on the solder-side silk-screen if it originating on a +solder-side layer. Otherwise moving it to the silk-screen layer will +put it on the component-side silk-screen. To move text back to a +copper layer from the silk-screen, use the `MoveToCurrentLayer' +(*<Key>m*) command. Text on the far side of the board will +automatically appear mirror-imaged. + + TEXT OBJECTS ON A COPPER LAYER CREATE COPPER LINES BUT THEY ARE NOT +SCANNED FOR CONNECTIONS OR TESTED FOR CREATING SHORTS VS. THE NETLIST. +NEITHER ARE TEXT OBJECTS TESTED AGAINST ANY DESIGN RULES. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Getting Started, Next: User Commands, Prev: Intro, Up: Top + +Getting Started +*************** + + The goal of this chapter is to give you enough information to learn +how `Pcb' works and how to develop your layouts to make the best use of +`Pcb''s features. All event translations (*i.e.* the buttons and keys +you press) refer to the default application resource file shipped with +`Pcb'. There is probably no need to change them unless your window +manager uses some of the button events itself; however, if you *want* +to customize the behavior of `Pcb' then changing the resource file is +usually the best way to do it. + + Get yourself a printout of this chapter and *User Commands*, if you +haven't already done so, and follow the examples. An example layout +may be found in `example/68HC11'. An example illustrating some version +1.5 features is found in `example/LED' along with its corresponding +netlist file `example/LED.NET'. + + Start `Pcb' (the actual command will use all lower-case letters) +without any additional options. If you get the error message: + + can't find default font-symbol-file 'default_font' + + then the font searchpath or filename in the application resource + file is wrong. Be sure that your `m4' program supports searchpaths. +If not, get `GNU m4'. For other messages, see *Note problems::. +Another quick-start is provided by `pcbtest.sh' in the `src' directory. + +* Menu: + +* Application Window:: The elements of the main window. +* Log Window:: The optional logging window +* Library Window:: The circuit selection window +* Drawing and Removing:: +* Moving and Copying:: +* Loading and Saving:: +* Printing:: +* Connection Lists:: How to get a list of all or some connections. +* Selection:: Commands which handle more than one object. +* Rats Nest:: Helps you place and route tracks against a netlist. +* Design Rule Checking:: + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Application Window, Next: Log Window, Up: Getting Started + +The Application Window +====================== + + The main window consists of five areas: the menu at the top, the +control panel in the upper left corner, the mode buttons located below +the control panel, the drawing area to the right of these, and the +status line at the bottom of the window. + +* Menu: + +* Status-line and Input-field:: What is the program configuration. +* Control Panel:: Switch layers on/off; change current one. +* Mode Selectors:: Select an operation mode. +* Drawing Area:: Where the layout is drawn. +* Menu:: + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Status-line and Input-field, Next: Control Panel, Up: Application Window + +The Status-line and Input-field +------------------------------- + + The status-line is located at the bottom edge of the main window. +During normal operation the status information is visible there. When +a selected menu operation requires an additional button click, the +status-line is replaced by a message telling you to position the cursor +and click. When a text input is required, the status-line is replaced +by the Input-field which has a prompt for the typed input. + + The status-line shows, from left to right, the side of the board +that you are viewing (*<Key>Tab* changes this), if an absolute (abs) or +relative (rel) grid is used, if new lines are restricted to 45 degrees, +which type of 45 degree line mode is active, whether rubberband move and +rotate mode is on (R), the current grid values, and the zoom factor. +This information is followed by the line-width, via-size and drilling +hole in mil, text scaling, the active buffer number and the name of the +layout. An asterisk appearing at the left edge indicates the layout has +been modified since the last save. Note that the name of the layout is +not the same thing as the filename of the layout. + + The input-field pops up (temporarily replacing the status-line) +whenever user input is required. Two keys are bound to the input field: +*<Key>Escape* aborts the input, *<Key>Return* finishes it. + + The present cursor position is displayed in the upper right corner +of the window. Normally this position is an absolute coordinate, but +with version 1.5 of `Pcb' you can anchor a marker at the current cursor +location by pressing *Ctrl<Key>m* then the display will read both the +absolute cursor position as well as the difference between it and the +marker. Pressing *Ctrl<Key>m* again turns the marker off. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Control Panel, Next: Mode Selectors, Prev: Status-line and Input-field, Up: Application Window + +The Control Panel +----------------- + + The control panel, located at the left side of the window, is used +to turn on and off the display of layer groups and to select the active +drawing layer. If a layer hasn't been named, the label "*(unknown)*" +is used as the defualt. + + The upper control box is used to switch layers on and off. Click +*<Btn1Down>* on one or more of them. Each click toggles the setting. +The currently active layer can't be switched off. The layout is +refreshed when the pointer reenters the drawing area. This prevents +excessive redrawing when the visibility of several layers is changed. +When the layers are grouped, clicking on these fields will toggle the +visibility of all layers in the same group. This is a good idea because +layers in the same group reside on the same physical layer of the +actual board. Use the `Edit layer groups' option in the `Objects' menu +to change the layer groupings. Grouping layers is only useful for +helping you to color-code signals in your layout. Note that grouping +layers actually reduces the number of different physical layers +available for your board, thus to make an eight layer board, you cannot +group any layers. + + *far side* turns on and off the visibility of elements (including +SMD pads) on the opposite board side, as well as silk screening on that +side. It does not automatically hide the x-ray view of the other copper +layers, these must be turned off separately if desired. Use the *tab* +key to view the entire board from the other side. To see a view of +what the back side of the board will actually look like, make the +solder layer the active layer then press *tab* until the status line +says "solder" on the right, then turn off the visibility of all other +layers except pins/pads, vias, and silk. + + The lower control menu, named *active*, is used to change the active +drawing layer. *<Btn1Down>* pops up a menu to select a one. Each entry +is labeled with the layer's name and drawn in its color. The new +drawing layer is automatically made visible. Try changing the active +layer's name to *ABC* by selecting `set name of layer' from the `File' +menu. Changing the active layer also is available with *<Key>1..8*. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Mode Selectors, Next: Drawing Area, Prev: Control Panel, Up: Application Window + +The Mode Selectors +------------------ + + The mode selector buttons reside below the control panel. They are +used to select the operation mode of `Pcb'. A mode can be thought of as +a tool that gets used when *<Btn1>* is pressed. Each mode causes the +cursor to take on a unique shape that identifies the tool. The buttons +themselves are icons that illustrate their function. The drawing modes +can also be selected from the keyboard: + *<Key>Escape* reset mode + *<Key>F1* via-mode + *<Key>F2* line-mode + *<Key>F3* pastebuffer-mode + *<Key>F4* rectangle-mode + *<Key>F5* text-mode + *<Key>F6* polygon-mode + *<Key>Insert* insert-point-mode + *<Key>F7* thermal-mode + *<Key>F8* arc-mode + The *<Key>Space* cycles through all of the modes in the mode button +palette. + + Reset-mode is really no mode, and *<Btn1>* has no effect with this +setting. Some of the modes are very simple, such as the via-mode. +Clicking *<Btn1>* while in this mode creates a via at the cross-hair +position. The pastebuffer-mode is similar. With this mode, *<Btn1>* +copies the contents of the active buffer to the layout, but only those +parts that reside on visible layers are copied. The rotate-mode allows +you to rotate elements and text objects 90 degrees counter-clockwise +with each click. The line-mode is explained in detail in *Note Line +Objects::. The arc-mode is explained in detainl in *Note Arc Objects::. +Rectangle-mode, polygon-mode and thermal-mode are explained in detail in +*Note Polygon Objects::. Remember that the thermal-mode will only +create and destroy thermals to polygons on the active layer. + + The insert-point-mode is an editing tool that allows you to add +points into lines or polygons. With version 1.5 of `Pcb', the +insert-point-mode enforces the 45 degree line rule. You can force only +the shorter line segment to 45 degrees by holding the shift key down +while inserting the point. The delete-mode deletes the smallest object +beneath the cursor with each *<Btn1>* click. If you use click at an +end-point that two lines have in common, it will replace the two lines +with a single line spanning the two remaining points. This can be used +to delete an "inserted" point in a line, restoring the previous line. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Drawing Area, Next: Menu, Prev: Mode Selectors, Up: Application Window + +Drawing Area +------------ + + The drawing area is made from a viewport widget that also includes +two scrollbars. The cursor changes shape depending on the current +operation mode when the pointer is moved into the drawing area. A +crosshair follows the X11 pointer with respect to the grid setting. +Move around and watch the cursor position displayed in the upper right +of the window. Now select a new grid from the *Display* menu. The new +value is updated in the statusline. Now move again and watch the +difference. A different way to change the grid is *Shift<Key>g* to +decrease or *<Key>g* to increase it. The grid setting is saved along +with the data when you save a pcb layout. For homemade layouts a value +around 50 is a good setting. The cursor also may be moved with the +cursor keys or, for larger distances, by pressing the *shift* modifier +together with a cursor key. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Menu, Prev: Drawing Area, Up: Application Window + +Menu +---- + + The menus are located at the top of the drawing area. Most, but not +all, of their functions are also available from the keyboard. Some of +the entries such as *center* require a certain cursor position. In +this case a statusline will popup at the bottom with wording similar to +the following: + move pointer to the appropriate screen position and press a button + Any mouse button will do the job, whereas any key except the cursor +keys will cancel the operation. For details see *Note Actions::. + +`About' + There is no menu hiding behind this button, but a small + information box will pop up. + +`File' + This menu offers a choice of loading, saving and printing data, + saving connection information to a file or quitting the + application. You also may change the layout's or the active + layer's name. Selecting *print layout* pops up a printer control + dialog which is, hopefully, self explaining. This box contains a + panner widget (only `X11R5' and later) which simplifies adjusting + the offsets. With earlier releases the printout will always appear + in the upper left corner with respect to the media margins. + + A selection of several device drivers is available from the + printer control dialog. Presently *PostScript*, *encapsulated + PostScript*, and *GerberX* are supported. *GerberD* support may be + forthcoming. It requires a rastering engine that pcb presently + lacks. + +`Display' + The display menu supports the most needed functions related to + screen output. The entries are used to change the grid to some + popular values, the zoom factor, the displayed element name and + also are used to center or refresh the output. You also may + switch grid-displaying on or off and select between absolute grid + (origin at (0,0)) or relative grid (origin at the position where + the grid has been changed). The relative grid position is now + established at the actual pointer position, NOT necessarily the + same as the crosshair position. This allows you to shift the grid + without changing the grid spacing. I recommend that you zoom in + as close as possible before setting a relative grid so that you're + sure the grid lines fall where you want. The clipping to + 45-degree lines is selected in this menu, as well as enabling + rubberband mode (see description of *Mode*). + +`Sizes' + This menu allows you to select a group of line thickness, via + diameter and via drill size (collectively called a "routing + style") to be coppied to the "active" sizes. You can also change + the names given to these styles and adjust their values from this + menu. You can also edit the "active" sizes (the initial size of + new vias, drilling holes, lines, text-objects and the current + maximum size of the layout) from this menu. + +`Objects' + Displaying the pinout of an element and changing its names, the one + that is currently selected by the *Display* menu, as well as + editing a text object is offered by this menu. The latter two + selections require an additional pointer button click at the + object's position. A dialog for changing the layer groupings is + also reached from this menu. + +`Selection' + This menu covers most of the operations that work with selected + objects. You may either (un)select all visible objects of a + layout or only the ones which have been found by the last + connection scan. The mouse can also be used to change which things + are and are not selected: toggle the selection of a single object + by pressing *<Btn3Down>* and releasing without moving the mouse. + Pressing *Mod1<Btn3Down>*, moving and releasing the button selects + all visible objects inside the rectangle. Pressing the modifier + key *Shift* too, unselects all objects in the area. You can delete + all selected objects from this menu, and also move selected text + objects to the silk-screen layer. The other entries change the + sizes of visible and selected objects. + +`Buffer' + This menu handles pastebuffer related actions. You may select one + out of five (per viewing side) buffers to use, rotate or clear its + contents and paste it to the layout. You can also gather objects + in the buffer into an element definition from this menu. Note: + only visible objects are pasted to the layout. + +`Connections' + The entries available through the connections menu button allow + the user to find connections from pins or vias and to manipulate + these. The connection lists may be saved by selecting entries + from the *File* menu. In many cases it is desireable to use the + ratsnest function to check connections against a netlist file + instead of using the connections menu to generate text connection + lists. + +`Undo' + This menu is a frontend for managing the reversing of operations + such as remove, copy, move, name changes, etc. The number of + operations is unlimited (depending on memory). The list is cleared + if new layout data is loaded or by selecting the appropriate entry + from this menu. The inverse operation, redo, is also available. + +`Report' + This menu allows you to generate a dialog that summerizes + information about an object such as sizes and coordinates. You can + also get a report about all of the drills that are used on the + board. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Log Window, Next: Library Window, Prev: Application Window, Up: Getting Started + +Log Window +========== + + This optional window is used to display all kind of messages +including the ones written to *stderr* by external commands. The main +advantage is that its contents are saved in a scrolling list until the +program exits. Disabling this feature by setting the resource +*useLogWindow* to *false* will generate popup windows to display +messages. The *stderr* of external commands will appear on `Pcb's +*stderr* which normally is the parent shell. I suggest you iconify the +window after startup for example by setting **log.iconic* to *true*. If +*raiseLogWindow* is set *true*, the window will deiconify and raise +itself whenever new messages are to be displayed. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Library Window, Next: Drawing and Removing, Prev: Log Window, Up: Getting Started + +Library Window +============== + + First appearing in 1.4.1 the library window is one of the best new +features in my opinion. It simplifies loading circuits quiet a lot just +by selecting the appropriate type from the menu at the top. A circuit +is then selected by simply double-clicking on the text line. For +details on libraries check-out *Note Library File:: and *Note Library +Contents File::. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Drawing and Removing, Next: Moving and Copying, Prev: Library Window, Up: Getting Started + +Drawing and Removing Basic Objects +================================== + + There are several ways of creating new objects: you may draw them +yourself, you may copy an existing object or you may load an element +from a file or library. Creating new objects is normally related to a +special mode depending on the object type. The notation of key and +button events is the same as described in the X11 Intrinsics manual. + + The operation mode may be selected by one of the mode selectors in +the bottom left corner, by one of the function keys listed earlier in +this chapter, or by pressing the space bar to cycle through the modes. +*<Btn1Down>* sends a notify request to the application which responds +by creating or changing the appropriate object or at least takes the +first step to do so. Switching to a mode causes the cursor to take on a +unique shape and also causes the cooresponding mode selector button to +be drawn with thick lines. You can use either cue to see which mode is +currently selected. + + Removing objects is possible using *<Key>BackSpace* (or *<Key>Delete* +on some machines) which deletes the object at the cursor location. If +more than one object is located at the same position, the smallest +matching type will be chosen. If two or more of the same type are the +smallest at the position, then the newest one will be deleted. You +also may change to *remove-mode* and click *<Btn1Down>* at the location +of the objects which are to be removed. If you "remove" the end-point +where two lines connect, it will remove the point of connection leaving +a single line that spans the far end points. + + Rotating works in a similar fashion. Change the mode and press +*<Btn1Down>* at the object's location. Remember only text, elements and +arcs can be rotated. (Anything including groups of objects may be +rotated inside a buffer using the rotate buffer menu option.) + + Insert mode provides the capability of inserting new points into +existing polygons or lines. The 45 degree line clipping is now enforced +when selected. Press and hold the shift key while positioning the new +point to only clip the line segment to the nearer of the two existing +points to 45 degrees. You can also toggle the 45-degree clipping in +the middle of a point insertion by pressing the *<Key>.* If the shift +key is not depressed and the 45 degree line clipping mode is on, both +new line segments must be on 45 degree angles - greatly restricting +where the new point may be placed. In some cases this can cause +confusion as to whether an insertion has been started since the two new +lines may be forced to lie parallel on top of the original line until +the pointer is moved far from the end points. + + Removing objects, changing their size or moving them only applies to +objects that are visible when the command is executed. + +* Menu: + +* Common:: Keystrokes common to some objects. +* Lines:: +* Arcs:: +* Polygons:: Drawing polygons and rectangles. +* Text:: +* Vias:: +* Elements:: +* Pastebuffer:: A multi-purpose buffer. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Common, Next: Lines, Up: Drawing and Removing + + There are several keystrokes and button events refering to an +*object* without identifying its type. Here's a list of them: + + *<Btn1Down>* creates (or deletes) an object depending on the +current mode. + + *<Key>BackSpace* or *<Key>Delete* removes the visible object at the +cursor location. When more than one object exists at the location, the +order of removal is: via, line, text, polygon and element. The drawn +layer order also affects the search - whatever is top - most (except +elements) is affected before lower items. Basically all this means +that what is removed is probably just what you expect. If for some +reason it isn't, undo and try again. Only one object is removed for +each keystroke. If two or more of the same type match, the newest one +is removed. + + Use *<Key>s* and *Shift<Key>s* to change the size (width) of lines, +arcs, text objects, pins, pads and vias, or to toggle the style of +polygons (whether pins and vias automatically have clearances). + + *<Key>n* changes the name of pins, pads, vias, the string of a text +object, or the currently displayed label of an element. + + *<Key>m* moves the line, arc, or polygon under the crosshair to the +active layer if it wasn't on that layer already. + + *<Key>u* (undo) recovers from an unlimited number of operations such +as creating, removing, moving, copying, selecting etc. It works like +you'd expect even if you're in the midst of creating something. + + *Shift<Key>r* restores the last undone operation provided no other +changes have been made since the undo was performed. + + *<Key>tab* changes the board side you are viewing. + + For a complete list of keystrokes and button events see *Note +Translations::. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Lines, Next: Arcs, Prev: Common, Up: Drawing and Removing + +Lines +----- + + To draw new lines you have to be in *line-mode*. Get there either by +selecting it from the *Tool palette* or by pressing *<Key>F2*. Each +successive *notify* event creates a new line. The adjustment to 45 +degree lines is done automatically if it is selected from the *Display* +menu. You can toggle the 45 degree mode setting by pressing the +*<Key>.* (That is the period key). When 45 degree enforcement is turned +on there are three distinct modes of line creation: a single line on +the closest 45 degree vector towards the crosshair (but not necessarily +actually ending at the crosshair), two lines created such that the +first leaves the start point on a 90 degree vector and the second +arrives at the crosshair on a 45 degree vector, and finally two lines +created such that the first leaves the start point on a 45 degree +vector and the second arrives at the crosshair on a 90 degree vector. +These last two modes always connect all the way from the start and end +points, and all lines have angles in 45 degree multiples. The *<Key>/* +cycles through the three modes. The status line shows a text icon to +indicate which of the modes is active and the lines following the +crosshair motion show the outline of the line(s) that will actually be +created. Press *<Key>Escape* to leave line-mode. + + *<Key>l*, *Shift<Key>l* and the entries in the *Sizes* menu change +the initial width of new lines. This width is also displayed in the +status line. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Arcs, Next: Polygons, Prev: Lines, Up: Drawing and Removing + +Arcs +---- + + An Arc is drawn with the *arc-tool*. Get there either by selecting +it from the *Tool palette* or by pressing *<Key>F8*. Press *Btn1* to +define the starting point for the arc. Drag the mouse towards the +desired end point along the path you want the arc to follow. The +outline of the arc that will be created is shown on the screen as you +move the mouse. Arcs are always forced to be 90 degrees and have +symmetrical length and width ( i.e. they are a quarter circle). The +next *Btn1* click creates the arc. It will have the same width as new +lines (displayed in the status line) and appear on the active layer. +The arc leaves the starting point towards the crosshair along the axis +whose distance from the crosshair is largest. Normally this means that +if you drag along the path you want the arc to follow, you'll get what +you want. If the grid is set to the arc radius, then the two distances +will be equal and you won't be able to get all of the possible +directions. If this is thwarting your desires, reduce the grid spacing +(*!Shift<Key>G*) and try again. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Polygons, Next: Text, Prev: Arcs, Up: Drawing and Removing + +Polygons and Rectangles +----------------------- + + A polygon is drawn by defining all of its segments as a series of +consecutive line segments. If the first point matches a new one and if +the number of points is greater than two, then the polygon is closed. +Since matching up with the first point may be difficult, you may use +*Shift<Key>p* to close the polygon. The *Shift<Key>p* won't work if +clipping to 45 degree lines is selected and the final segment cannot +match this condition. I suggest you create simple convex polygons in +order to avoid a strong negative impact on the performance of the +connection scanning routines. The *rectangle-mode* is just an easy way +to generate rectangular polygons. *Polygon-mode* also is selected by +*<Key>F6* whereas *rectangle-mode* uses *<Key>F4*. Pressing a +*<Btn1Down>* at two locations creates a rectangle by defining two of +its corners. *<Key>Insert* brings you to *insert-point-mode* which +lets you add additional points to an already existing polygon. Single +points may be removed by moving the crosshair to them and selecting one +of the delete actions *(remove-mode, BackSpace, or Delete*. This only +works if the remaining polygon will still have three or more corners. +Pressing *<Key>u* or *<Key>p* while entering a new polygon brings you +back to the previous corner. Removing a point does not force clipping +to 45 degree angles (because it's not generally possible). Newly +created polygons will not connect to pins or vias that pierce it unless +you create a thermal (using the thermal mode) to make the connection. +If the edge of a polygon gets too close to a pin or via that lies +outside of it, a warning will be issued and the pin will be given a +special color. Increasing the distance between them will remove the +warning color. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Text, Next: Vias, Prev: Polygons, Up: Drawing and Removing + +Text +---- + + Pressing *<Key>F5* or clicking one of the text selector buttons +changes to *text-mode*. Each successive notify event (*<Btn1Down>*) +pops up the input line at the bottom and queries for a string. Enter +it and press *<Key>Return* to confirm or *<Key>Escape* to abort. The +text object is created with its upper left corner at the current pointer +location. The initial scaling is changed by *<Key>t* and *Shift<Key>t* +or from the *Sizes* menu. + + Now switch to *rotate-mode* and press *<Btn1Down>* at the +text-objects location. Text objects on the solder side of the layout +are automatically mirrored and flipped so that they are seen correctly +when viewing the solder-side. + + Use *<Key>n* to edit the string. + + TEXT OBJECTS ON COPPER LAYERS CREATE COPPER LINES BUT THEY ARE NOT +SCANNED FOR CONNECTIONS. If they are moved to the silkscreen layer, they +no longer create copper. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Vias, Next: Elements, Prev: Text, Up: Drawing and Removing + +Vias +---- + + The initial size of new vias may be changed by *<Key>v* and +*Shift<Key>v* or by selecting the appropriate entry from the *Sizes* +menu. *Mod1<Key>v* and *Mod1 Shift<Key>v* do the same for the drilling +hole of the via. The statusline is updated with the new values. +Creating a via is similar to the other objects. Switch to *via-mode* by +using either the selector button or *<Key>F1* then press *<Key>]* or +*<Btn1Down>* to create one. *<Key>n* changes the name of a via. If you +want to create a mounting hole for your board, then you can place a via +where you want the hole to be then convert the via into a hole. The +conversion is done by pressing *!Ctrl<Key>h* with the crosshair over +the via. Conceptually it is still a via, but it has no copper annulus. +If you create such a hole in the middle of two polygons on different +layers, it will short the layers. Theoretically you could arrange for +such a hole not to be plated, but a metal screw inserted in the hole +would still risk shorting the layers. A good rule is to realize that +holes in the board really are vias between the layers and so place them +where they won't interfere with connectivity. You can convert a hole +back into a normal via with the same keystroke used to convery it in +the first place. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Elements, Next: Pastebuffer, Prev: Vias, Up: Drawing and Removing + +Elements +-------- + + Some of the functions related to elements only work if both the +package layer and the pin layer are switched on. + + Now that you're familiar with many of the basic commands, it is time +to put the first element on the layout. First of all, you have to load +data into the paste buffer. There are four ways to do this: + 1) load the data from a library + 2) load the data from a file + 3) copy data from an already existing element + 4) convert objects in the buffer into an element + We don't have any elements on the screen yet nor anything in the +buffer, so we use number one. + + Select *lsi* from the menu in the library window press *<Btn1Down>* +twice at the appropriate text-line to get the MC68030 CPU. The data is +loaded and the mode is switched to *pastebuffer-mode*. Each notify +event now creates one of these beasts. Leave the mode by selecting a +different one or by *<Key>Escape* which resets all modes.. The +crosshair is located at the *mark* position as defined by the data +file. Rotating the buffer contents is done by selecting the *rotate* +entry of the *Buffer* menu or by pressing *Shift<Key>F3*. The contents +of the buffer are valid until new data is loaded into it either by a +cut-to-buffer operation, copy-to-buffer operation or by loading a new +data file. There are 5 buffers available. Switching between them is +done by selecting a menu entry or by *Shift<Key>1..5*. Each of the two +board sides has its own buffers. + + The release includes all data files for the circuits that are used +by the demo layout. The elements in the LED example are not found in +the library, but you can lift them from the example itself if you want. +If you have problems with the color of the crosshair, change the +resource *crosshairColor* setting to a different one. + + Now load a second circuit, the MC68882 FPU for example. Create the +circuit as explained above. You now have two different unnamed +elements. Unnamed means that the layout-name of the element hasn't been +set yet. Selecting *description* from the *Display* menu displays the +description string of the two circuits which are CPU and FPU. The +values of the circuits are set to MC68030 and MC68882. Each of the +names of an element may be changed by *<Key>n* at the elements location +and editing the old name in the bottom input line. Naming pins and vias +is similar to elements. You can hide the element name so that it won't +appear on the board silkscreen by pressing *<key>h* with the cursor +over the element. Doing so again un-hides the element name. + + Entering `:le' and selecting an element data file is the second way +to load circuits. + + The third way to create a new element is to copy an existing one. +Please refer to *Note Moving and Copying::. + + The fourth way to create a new element is to convert a buffer's +contents into an element. Here's how it's done: Select the Via-tool +from the *Tool pallette*. Set the grid spacing to something +appropriate for the element pin spacing. Now create a series of vias +where the pins go. Create them in pin number order. It is often handy +to place a reference point (*!Ctrl<Key>m*) in the center of the first +pin in order to measure the location of the other pins. Next make a +solder-side layer the active layer from the *active-layer* popup menu. +Now draw the outline of the element using lines and arcs. When you're +done, select everything that makes up the element with a box selection +(*<Btn3Down> drag, <Btn3Up>*). Now select "cut selection to buffer" +from the *Buffer* menu. Position the cursor over the center of pin 1 +and press the left button to load the data into the buffer. Finally +select "convert buffer to element" from the *Buffer* menu. You'll only +want to create elements this way if they aren't already in the library. +It's also probably a good idea to do this before starting any of the +other aspects of a layout, but it isn't necessary. + + To display the pinout of a circuit move to it and press *Shift<Key>d* +or select *show pinout* from the *Objects* menu. A new window pops up +and displays the complete pinout of the element. This display can be +difficult to read if the component has been rotated 90 degrees :-( +therefore, the new window will show an un-rotated view so the pin names +are readable. *<Key>d* displays the name of one or all pins/pads +inside the drawing area, this is only for display on-screen, it has no +effect on any printing of the layout. + + You also may want to change a pin's or pad's current size by pressing +*<Key>s* to increase or *Shift<Key>s* to decrease it. While this is +possible, it is not recommended since care was probably taken to define +the element structure in the first place. You can also change the +thickness of the element's silkscreen outline with the same keys. You +can change whether a pin or SMD pad is rounded or square with the +*<Key>q*. SMD pads should usually have squared ends. Finally, you can +change whether the non-square pins are round or octagonal with the +*!Ctrl<Key>o*. + + SMD elements and silkscreen objects are drawn in the "invisible +object" color if they are located on the opposite side of the board. + + For information on element connections refer to *Note Connection +Lists::. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Pastebuffer, Prev: Elements, Up: Drawing and Removing + +Pastebuffer +----------- + + The linestack and element-buffer of former releases have been +replaced by 5 multi-purpose buffers that are selected by +*Shift<Key>1..5*. The status line shows which buffer is the active one. +You may load data from a file or layout into them. Cut-and-paste works +too. If you followed the instructions earlier in this chapter you +should now have several objects on the screen. Move the crosshair to +one of them and press *<Btn3Down>* to toggle its selection flag. (If +you drag the mouse while the button is down, a box selection will be +attempted instead of toggling the selection.) The object is redrawn in +a different color. You also may want to try moving the pointer while +holding the third button down and release it on a different location. +This selects all objects inside the rectangle and unselects everything +else. If you want to add a box selection to an existing selection, +drag with *Mod1<Btn3Down>* instead. Dragging *Shift Mod1<Btn3Down>* +unselects objects in a box. Now change to *pastebuffer-mode* and +select some operations from the *Buffer* menu. Copying objects to the +buffer is available as *Mod1<Key>c* while cutting them uses +*Mod1<Key>x* as shortcut. Both clear the buffer before new data is +added. If you use the menu entries, you have to supply a crosshair +position by pressing a mouse button. The objects are attached to the +pastebuffer relative to that crosshair location. Element data or PCB +data may be merged into an existing layout by loading the datafiles +into the pastebuffer. Both operations are available from the *File* +menu or as user commands. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Moving and Copying, Next: Loading and Saving, Prev: Drawing and Removing, Up: Getting Started + +Moving and Copying +================== + + All objects can be moved including element-names, by *<Btn2Down>*, +draging the pointer while holding the button down and releasing it at +the new location of the object. If you use *Mod1<Btn2Down>* instead, +the object is copied. Copying does not work for element-names of +course. You can move all selected objects with *Shift <Btn1Down>*. +This uses the Pastebuffer, so it will remove whatever was previously in +the Pastebuffer. Please refer to *Note Pastebuffer::. If you want to +give a small nudge to an object, but you don't think that the mouse +will give you the fine level of control that you want, you can position +the cursor over the object, press *<Key>[*, move it with the arrow +keys, then press *<Key>]* when it's at the desired position. Remember +that all movements are forced onto grid coordinates, so you may want to +change the grid spacing first. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Loading and Saving, Next: Printing, Prev: Moving and Copying, Up: Getting Started + +Loading and Saving +================== + + After your first experience with `Pcb' you will probably want to save +your work. `:s name' passes the data to an external program which is +responsible for saving it. For details see *saveCommand* in *Note +Resources::. Saving also is available from the *File* menu, either +with or without supplying a filename. `Pcb' reuses the last filename if +you do not pass a new one to the save routine. + + To load an existing layout either select *load layout data* from the +*File* menu or use `:l filename'. A file select box pops up if you +don't specify a filename. Merging existing layouts into the new one is +supported either by the *File* menu or by `:m filename'. + + `Pcb' saves a backup of the current layout depending on the resource +*backup*. The file is named `/tmp/PCB.%i.backup'. During critical +sections of the program or when data would be lost it is saved as +`/tmp/PCB.%i.save'. *%i* is replaced by the process ID. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Printing, Next: Connection Lists, Prev: Loading and Saving, Up: Getting Started + +Printing +======== + + `Pcb' now has support for device drivers, `PostScript', +*encapsulated PostScript*, and *Gerber X* drivers are available so far. +The *Gerber X* driver generates a NC drill file for automated drilling. +I recommend the use of `GhostScript' if you don't have a `PostScript' +printer for handling the PostScript output. Printing always generates a +complete set of files for a specified driver. See the page about the +*Print()* action for addtional information about the filenames. The +control panel offers a number of options. Most of them are not avilable +for Gerber output because it wouldn't make sense, for example, to +scale the gerber output (you'd get an incorrectly made board!) The +options are: + +`device' + The top menu button selects from the available device drivers. + +`rotate' + Rotate layout 90 degrees counter-clockwise before printing + (default). + +`mirror' + Mirror layout before printing. Use this option depending on your + production line. + +`color' + Created colored output. All colors will be converted to black if + this option is inactive. + +`outline' + Add a board outline to the output file. The size is determined by + the maximum boardsize changeable from the *sizes* menu. The + outline appears on the top and bottom sides of the board, but not + on the internal layers. An outline can be useful for determining + where to shear the board from the panel, but be aware that it + creates a copper line. Thus it has the potential to cause short + circuits if you don't leave enough room from your wiring to the + board edge. Use a viewer to see what the output outline looks like + if you want to know what it looks like. + +`alignment' + Additional alignement targets are added to the output. The + distances between the board outline is set by the resource + *alignmentDistance*. Alignment targets should only be used if you + know for certain that YOU WILL BE USING THEM YOURSELF. It is + extremely unlikely that you will want to have alignment targets if + you send gerber files to a commercial pcb manufacture to be made. + +`scaling' + It's quite useful to enlarge your printout for checking the layout. + Use the scrollbar to adjust the scaling factor to your needs. + +`media' + Select the size of the output media from this menu. The user + defined size may be set by the resource *media* either from one of + the well known paper sizes or by a `X11' geometry specification. + This entry is only available if you use `X11R5' or later. For + earlier releases the user defined size or, if not available, *A4* + is used. Well known size are: + A3 + A4 + A5 + letter + tabloid + ledger + legal + executive + +`offset' + Adjust the offsets of the printout by using the panner at the + right side of the dialog box. This entry is only available if you + use `X11R5' or later. A zero offset is used for earlier releases. + +`8.3 filenames' + Select this button to generate DOS compatible filenames for the + output files. The *command* input area will disappear if selected. + +`commandline' + Use this line to enter a command (starts with `|') or a filename. + A %f is replaced by the current filename. The default is set by + the resource *printCommand*. + + The created file includes some labels which are guaranteed to stay +unchanged +`PCBMIN' + identifies the lowest x and y coordinates in mil. + +`PCBMAX' + identifies the highest x and y coordinates in mil. + +`PCBOFFSET' + is set to the x and y offset in mil. + +`PCBSCALE' + is a floating point value which identifies the scaling factor. + +`PCBSTARTDATA' +`PCBENDDATA' + all layout data is included between these two marks. You may use + them with an `awk' script to produce several printouts on one + piece of paper by duplicating the code and putting some + `translate' commands in front. Note, the normal `PostScript' + units are 1/72 inch. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Connection Lists, Next: Selection, Prev: Printing, Up: Getting Started + +Connection Lists +================ + + After completing parts of your layout you may want to check if all +drawn connections match the ones you have in mind. This is probably +best done in conjunction with a net-list file: see *Note Rats Nest::. +The following examples give more rudimentary ways to examine the +connections. + 1) create at least two elements and name them + 2) create some connections between their pins + 3) optionally add some vias and connections to them + + Now select *lookup connection* from the *Connections* menu, move the +cursor to a pin or via and press any mouse button. `Pcb' will look for +all other pins and/or vias connected to the one you have selected and +display the objects in a different color. Now try some of the reset +options available from the same menu. + + There also is a way to scan all connections of one element. Select +*a single element* from the menu and press any button at the element's +location. All connections of this element will be saved to the +specified file. Either the layout name of the element or its canonical +name is used to identify pins depending on the one which is displayed +on the screen (may be changed by *Display* menu). + + An automatic scan of all elements is initiated by choosing *all +elements*. It behaves in a similar fashion to scanning a single element +except the resource *resetAfterElement* is used to determine if +connections should be reset before a new element is scanned. Doing so +will produce very long lists because the power lines are rescanned for +every element. By default the resource is set to *false* for this +reason. + + To scan for unconnected pins select *unused pins* from the same menu. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Selection, Next: Rats Nest, Prev: Connection Lists, Up: Getting Started + +Selection +========= + + Some commands mentioned earlier in this chapter also are able to +operate on all selected and visible objects. Now go back to the layout +and toggle the selection flag of a single one by *<Btn3Down>*. Try +*<Btn3Down>*, move the pointer while holding the button down and +release it on a different location. This selects all objects inside +the rectangle and unselects everything else. Dragging with +*Mod1<Btn3Down>* adds everything in the box to the existing selection. +Dragging *Shift <Btn3Down>* unselects objects in the box. + + The entries of the *Selection* menu are hopefully self-explanatory. +Many of the *Action Commands* can take various key words that make them +function on all or some of the selected items. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Rats Nest, Next: Design Rule Checking, Prev: Selection, Up: Getting Started + +Rats Nest +========= + + If you have a netlist that corresponds to the layout you are working +on, you can use the rats-nest feature to add rat-lines to the layout. +First you will need to load a netlist file (see *:rn*, *Note User +Commands::). *<Key>w* adds rat-lines on the active layer using the +current line thickness shown in the status line (usually you'll want +them to be thin lines). Only those rat-lines that fill in missing +connectivity (since you have probably routed some connections already) +are added. If the layout is already completely wired, nothing will be +added, and you will get a message that the wiring is complete. + + Rat-lines are lines having the special property that they only +connect to pins and pads at their end points. Rat-lines are drawn on +the screen with a stippled pattern to make them easier to identify +since they have special behavior and cannot remain in a completed +layout. Rat-lines are added in the minimum length straight-line tree +pattern (always ending on pins or pads) that satisfies the missing +connectivity in the circuit. Used in connection with moves and rotates +of the elements, they are extremely useful for deciding where to place +elements on the board. The rat-lines will always automatically +rubberband to the elements whether or not the rubberband mode is on. +The only way for you to move them is by moving the parts they connect +to. This is because it is never desireable to have the rat-lines +disconnected from their element pins. Rat-lines will normally +criss-cross all over which gives rise to the name "rats nest" +describing a layout connected with them. If a SMD pad is unreachable +on the active layer, a warning will be issued about it and the rat-line +to that pad will not be generated. + + A common way to use rats nests is to place some elements on the +board, add the rat-lines, and then use a series of moves/rotates of the +elements until the rats nest appears to have minimum tangling. You may +want to iterate this step several times. Don't worry if the layout +looks messy - as long as you can get a sense for whether the +criss-crossing is better or worse as you move things, you're fine. +After moving some elements arround, you may want to optimize the rats +nest *<Key>o* so that the lines are drawn between the closest points +(this can change once you've moved components). Adding rat-lines only +to selected pads/pins (*Shift<Key>w*) is often useful to layout a +circuit a little bit at a time. Sometimes you'll want to delete all +the rat-lines (*<Key>e*) or selected rat-lines (*Shift<Key>e*) in order +to reduce confusion. With a little practice you'll be able to achieve +a near optimal component placement with the use of a rats nest. + + Rat-lines are not only used for assisting your element placement, +they can also help you to route traces on the board. Use the *<Key>m* +to convert a rat-line under the cursor into a normal line on the active +layer. Inserting a point into a rat-line will also cause the two new +lines to be normal lines on the board. Another way that you can use +rat-lines is to use the *<Key>f* with the cursor over a pad or pin. +All of the pins and pads and rat-lines belonging to that net will be +highlighted. This is a helpful way to distinguish one net from the rest +of the rats nest. You can then route those tracks, turn off the +highlighting (*Shift<Key>f*) and repeat the process. This will work even +if the layer that the rat-lines reside on is made invisible - so only +the pins and pads are highlighted. Be sure to erase the rat-lines +(*<Key>e* erases them all) once you've duplicated their connectivity by +adding your own lines. When in doubt, the *<Key>o* will delete only +those rat-lines that are no longer needed. + + If connections exist on the board that are not listed in the netlist +when *<Key>w* is pressed, warning messages are issued and the affected +pins and pads are drawn in a special *warnColor* until the next +*Notify()* event. If the entire layout agrees completely with the +netlist, a message informs you that the layout is complete and no +rat-lines will be added (since none are needed). If the layout is +complete, but still has rat-lines then you will be warned that +rat-lines remain. If you get no message at all it's probably because +some elements listed in the net list can't be found and where reported +in an earlier message. There shouldn't be any rat-lines left in a +completed layout, only normal lines. + + The *Shift<Key>w* is used to add rat-lines to only those missing +connections among the selected pins and pads. This can be used to add +rat-lines in an incremental manner, or to force a rat-line to route +between two points that are not the closest points within the net. +Often it is best to add the rats nest in an incremental fashion, laying +out a sub-section of the board before going further. This is easy to +accomplish since new rat-lines are never added where routed +connectivity already makes the necessary connections. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Design Rule Checking, Prev: Rats Nest, Up: Getting Started + +Design Rule Checking +==================== + + After you've finished laying out a board, you may want to check to +be certain that none of your interconnections are too closely spaced or +too tenuously touching to be reliably fabricated. The design rule +checking (DRC) function does this for you. Use the command ":DRC()" +(without the quotes of course) to invoke the checker. If there are no +problem areas, you'll get a message to that effect. If any problem is +encountered, you will get a message about it and the affected traces +will be highlighted. One part of the tracks of concern will be +selected, while the other parts of concern will have the +"FindConnection" highlighting. The screen will automatically be +centered in the middle of the object having the "FindConnection" +(Green) highlighting. The middle of the object is also the coordinates +reported to be "near" the problem. The actual trouble region will be +somewhere on the boundary of this object. If the two parts are from +different nets then there is some place where they approach each other +closer than the minimum rule. If the parts are from the same net, then +there is place where they are only barely connected. Find that place +and connect them better. + + After a DRC error is found and corrected you must run the DRC again +because the search for errors is halted as soon as the first problem is +found. Unless you've been extremely careless there should be no more +than a few design rule errors in your layout. The DRC checker does not +check for minimum spacing rules to copper text, so always be very +careful when adding copper text to a layout. The rules for the DRC are +specified in the application resource file. The minimum spacing value +(in mils) is given by the *Settings.Bloat* value. The default is 7 +mils. The minimum touching overlap (in mils) is given by the +*Settings.Shrink* value. This value defaults to 5 mils. Check with your +fabrication process people to determine the values that are right for +you. + + If you want to turn off the highlighting produced by the DRC, +perform an undo (assuming no other changes have been made). To restore +the highlighting, use redo. The redo will restore the highlighting +quickly without re-running the DRC checker. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: User Commands, Next: Command-Line Options, Prev: Getting Started, Up: Top + +User Commands +************* + + The entering of user-commands is initiated by the action routine +*Command()* (the `(":")' character) and finished by either *<Key>Return* +or *<Key>Escape* to confirm or to abort. These two keybindings cannot +be changed from the resource file. The triggering event, normally a +key press, is ignored. The input area will replace the bottom +statusline. It pops up when *Command()* is called. The arguments of the +user-commands are passed to the external commands without modification. +See also, the resource *saveInTMP*. + + There are simple *usage* dialogs for each command and one for the +complete set of commands. + +`l [filename]' + Loads a new datafile (layout) and, if confirmed, overwrites any + existing unsaved data. The filename and the searchpath + (*filePath*) are passed to the command defined by *fileCommand*. + If no filename is specified a file select box will popup. + +`le [filename]' + Loads an element description into the paste buffer. The filename + and the searchpath (*elementPath*) are passed to the command + defined by *elementCommand*. If no filename is specified a file + select box will popup. + +`m [filename]' + Loads an layout file into the paste buffer. The filename and the + searchpath (*filePath*) are passed to the command defined by + *fileCommand*. If no filename is specified a file select box will + popup. + +`q[!]' + Quits the program without saving any data (after confirmation). + q! doesn't ask for confirmation, it just quits. + +`s [filename]' + Data and the filename are passed to the command defined by the + resource *saveCommand*. It must read the layout data from *stdin*. + If no filename is entered, either the last one is used again or, + if it is not available, a file select box will pop up. + +`rn [filename]' + Reads in a netlist file. If no filename is given a file select + box will pop up. The file is read via the command defined by the + *RatCommand* resource. The command must send its output to + *stdout*. The netlist received by pcb must have this simple text + form: + + netname NAME-PINNUM NAME2-PINNUM2 NAME3-PINNUM3 ... [\] + + where "netname" is the name of the net (currently its value is + ignored but it must be present nonetheless), NAME is the + layout-name given to an element, and PINNUM is the (usually + numeric) pin number of the element that is part of the net (see + *Note Element Objects:: for details on pin numbering). Spaces or + tabs separate the fields. If the line ends with a "\" the net + continues on the next line and the "\" is treated exactly as if it + were a space. If the NAME ends with a lower-case letter, all + lower-case letters are stripped from end of the NAME to determine + the matching name-on-board name. For example: + + Data U1-3 U2abc-4 FLOP1a-7 Uabc3-A9 + + would specifiy that pin 3 of U1 be connected to pin 4 of U2, to + pin 7 of FLOP1 and to pin A9 of Uabc3. Note that if pin numbers + contain alphabetic characters, they must match the case contained + in the "number" string defining the pin number on the + cooresponding element. It is up to you to name the elements so + that their layout-names agrees with the netlist. Netlists are + used for generating rats nest (see *Note Rats Nest::) and for + verifying the board layout (which is also accomplished by the + *Ratsnest* command. + +`w[q] [filename]' + These commands have been added for the convenience of `vi' users + and have the same functionality as *s* combined with *q*. + +`actionCommand' + Causes the actionCommand to be executed. This allows you to + initiate actions for which no bindings exist in the resource file. + It can be used to initiate any action with whatever arguments you + enter. This makes it possible to do things that otherwise would + be extremely tedious. For example, to change the drilling hole + diameter of all vias in the layout to 32 mils, you could select + everything using the selection menu, then type + "*:ChangeDrillSize(SelectedVias, 32)*". (This will only work + provided the via's diameter is sufficiently large to accomodate a + 32 mil hole). Another example might be to set the grid to 1 mil + by typing "*:SetValue(Grid, 1)*". Note that some actions use the + current cursor location, so be sure to place the cursor where you + want before entering the command. This is one of my favorite new + features in 1.5 and can be a powerful tool. Study the *Note + Actions:: section to see what actions are available. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Command-Line Options, Next: X11 Interface, Prev: User Commands, Up: Top + +Command-Line Options +******************** + + There are several resources which may be set or reset in addition to +the standard toolkit command-line options. For a complete list refer to +*Note Resources::. + + The synopsis is: + + `pcb [-option ...] [-toolkit_option ...] [layout-file]' + + or + + `pcb -specialoption' + +* Menu: + +* Options:: `Pcb' command-line options. +* Special Options:: Version and copyright information. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Options, Next: Special Options, Up: Command-Line Options + +Options +======= + +`-alldirections/+alldirections' + Disables or enables line clipping to 45 degree angles. Overwrites + the resource *allDirectionLines*. + +`-backup value' + Time between two backups in seconds. Passing zero disables the + backup feature. Overwrites the resource *backupInterval*. + +`-c value' + Number of characters per output line. The resource + *charactersPerLine* is overwritten. + +`-fontfile filename' + The default set of symbols (font) for a new layout is read from + this file. All directories as defined by the resource *fontPath* + are scanned for the file. The scan is only performed if the + filename doesn't contain a directory component. The *fontFile* + resource is changed. + +`-lelement command-line' + Sets the command to be executed when an element is loaded from a + file to the paste buffer. The command may contain %f and %p to + pass the requested filename and the searchpath to the command. It + must write the data to its standard output. The related resource + is *elementCommand*. + +`-lfile command-line' + Sets the command to be executed when a new layout is loaded from a + file. The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested + filename and the searchpath to the command. It must write the data + to its standard output. The related resource is *fileCommand*. + +`-lfont command-line' + Sets the command to be executed when a font is loaded from a file. + The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested filename + and the searchpath to the command. It must write the data to its + standard output. The related resource is *fontCommand*. + +`-lg layergroups' + This option overwrites the resource *layerGroups*. See its + description for more information. The value is used for new + layouts only. + +`-libname filename' + The default filename for the library. Overwrites the resource + *libraryFilename*. + +`-libpath path' + The default search path for the the library. Overwrites the + resource *libraryPath*. + +`-llib command-line' + Sets the command to be executed when an element is loaded from the + library. The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested + filename and the searchpath to the command. %a is replaces by the + three arguments *template*, *value* and *package*. The command + must write the data to its standard output. The related resource + is *libraryCommand*. + +`-llibcont command-line' + The command lists the contents of the library. The command may + contain %f and %p to pass the library filename and the searchpath + to the command. Also refer to *Note Library File:: and *Note + Library Contents File::. The related resource is + *libraryContentsCommand*. + +`-loggeometry geometry' + Determines the geometry of the log window. + +`-pnl value' + Restricts the displayed length of the name of a pin in the pinout + window to the passed value. See also, the resource + *pinoutNameLength*. + +`-pz value' + Sets the zoom factor for the pinout window according to the + formula: scale = 1:(2 power value). The related resource is + *pinoutZoom*. + +`-reset/+reset' + If enabled, all connections are reset after each element is + scanned. This feature is only used while scanning connections to + all elements. See also, *resetAfterElement*. + +`-ring/+ring' + Overrides the resource *ringBellWhenFinished*. If enabled, the bell + sounds when connection searching has finished. + +`-rs string' + Overrides the resource *routeStyle*. The string defines a colon + separated list of route styles. The route styles consist of a + comma separated list of name, line thickness, via diameter, and + via drill size. e.g. + "Fat,50,100,40:Skinny,8,35,20:75Ohm,110,110,20" + +`-s/+s' + Enables/Disables the saving of the previous commandline. Overrides + the *saveLastCommand* resource. + +`-save/+save' + See the resource description of *saveInTMP* for details. + +`-sfile command-line' + Sets the command to be executed when an layout file is saved. The + command may contain %f which is replaced by the filename. The + command must read its data from the standard input. The resource + *saveCommand* is overwritten. + +`-size <width>x<height>' + Overrides the resource *size* which determines the maximum size of + a layout. + +`-v value' + Sets the volume of the X speaker. The value is passed to `XBell()' + and must be in the range -100..100. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Special Options, Prev: Options, Up: Command-Line Options + +Special Options +=============== + + There are some special options available in addition to normal +command line options. Each of these must be the only option specified +on a command line. The available special options are: + +`-copyright' + Prints out the copyright notice and terminates. + +`-version' + Prints out the version ID and terminates. + +`-help' + Prints out the usage message and terminates. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: X11 Interface, Next: File Formats, Prev: Command-Line Options, Up: Top + +X11 Interface +************* + + This chapter gives an overview about the additional `X11' resources +which are defined by `Pcb' as well as the defined action routines. + +* Menu: + +* Resources:: Non-standard `X11' application resources. +* Actions:: A list of available action routines. +* Translations:: A list of the default key translations (as shipped). + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Resources, Next: Actions, Up: X11 Interface + +Non-Standard X11 Application Resources +====================================== + + In addition to the toolkit resources, `Pcb' defines the following +resources: + +`absoluteGrid (boolean)' + Selects if either the grid is relative to the position where it + has changed last or absolute, the default, to the origin (0,0). + +`alignmentDistance (dimension)' + Specifies the distance between the boards outline to the alignment + targets. + +`allDirectionLines (boolean)' + Enables (default) or disables clipping of new lines to 45 degree + angles. + +`backupInterval (int)' + `Pcb' has an automatic backup feature which saves the current data + every n seconds. The default is *300* seconds. A value of zero + disables the feature. The backup file is named + `/tmp/PCB.%i.backup'. *%i* is replaced by the process ID. See + also, the command-line option *-backup*. + +`Bloat (dimension)' + Specifies the minimum spacing design rule in mils. + +`charactersPerLine (int)' + `Pcb' uses this value to determine the page width when creating + lists. N, the number of characters per line, defaults to *80*. + See also, the command-line option *-c*. + +`connectedColor (color)' + All pins, vias, lines and rectangles which are selected during a + connection search are drawn with this color. The default value is + determined by *XtDefaultForeground*. + +`crosshairColor (color)' + This color is used to draw the crosshair cursor. The color is a + result of a *XOR* operation with the contents of the drawing area. + The result also depends on the default colormap of the `X11' + server because only the colormap index is used in the boolean + operation and `Pcb' doesn't create its own colormap. The default + setting is *XtDefaultForeground*. + +`elementColor (color)' +`elementSelectedColor (color)' + The elements package part is drawn in these colors, for normal and + selected mode, respectively, which both default to + *XtDefaultForeground*. + +`elementCommand (string)' + `Pcb' uses a user defined command to read element files. This + resources is used to set the command which is executed by the + users default shell. Two escape sequences are defined to pass the + selected filename (%f) and the current search path (%p). The + command must write the element data to its standard output. The + default value is + M4PATH="%p";export M4PATH;echo 'include(%f)' | m4 + Using the GNU version of `m4' is highly recommended. See also, + the command-line option *-lelement*. + +`elementPath (string)' + A colon separated list of directories or commands (starts with + '|'). The path is passed to the program specified in + *elementCommand* together with the selected elementname. A + specified command will be executed in order to create entries for + the fileselect box. It must write its results to *stdout* one + entry per line. See also, the user-command *le[!]*. + +`fileCommand (string)' + The command is executed by the user's default shell whenever + existing layout files are loaded. Data is read from the command's + standard output. Two escape sequences may be specified to pass + the selected filename (%f) and the current search path (%p). The + default value is: + cat %f + See also, the command-line option *-lfile*. + +`filePath (string)' + A colon separated list of directories or commands (starts with + '|'). The path is passed to the program specified in + *fileCommand* together with the selected filename. A specified + command will be executed in order to create entries for the + fileselect box. It must write its results to *stdout* one entry + per line. See also, the user-command *l[!]*. + +`fontCommand (string)' + Loading new symbol sets also is handled by an external command. + You again may pass the selected filename and the current search + path by passing %f and %p in the command string. Data is read from + the commands standard output. This command defaults to + cat %f + See also, the command-line option *-lfont*. + +`fontFile (string)' + The default font for new layouts is read from this file which is + searched in the directories as defined by the resource *fontPath*. + Searching is only performed if the filename does not contain a + directory component. The default filename is `default_font'. See + also, the command-line option *-fontfile*. + +`fontPath (string)' + This resource, a colon separated list of directories, defines the + searchpath for font files. See also, the resource *fontFile*. + +`grid (int)' + This resources defines the initial value of one cursor step. It + defaults to *100 mil* and any changes are saved together with the + layout data. + +`gridColor (color)' + This color is used to draw the grid. The color is a result of a + *INVERT* operation with the contents of the drawing area. The + result also depends on the default colormap of the `X11' server + because only the colormap index is used in the boolean operation + and `Pcb' doesn't create its own colormap. The default setting is + *XtDefaultForeground*. + +`elementColor (color)' + Elements localted on the opposite side of the board are drawn in + this color. The default is *XtDefaultForeground*. + +`layerColor1..8 (color)' +`layerSelectedColor1..8 (color)' + These resources define the drawing colors of the different layers + in normal and selected state. All values are preset to + *XtDefaultForeground*. + +`layerGroups (string)' + The argument to this resource is a colon separated list of comma + separated layernumbers (1..8). All layers within one group are + switched on/off together. The default setting is *1:2:3:...:8* + which means all layers are handled separatly. Grouping layers one + to three looks like *1,2,3:4:...:8* See also, the command-line + option *-lg*. + +`layerName1..8 (string)' + The default name of the layers in a new layout are determined by + these resources. The defaults are empty strings. + +`libraryCommand (string)' + `Pcb' uses a command to read element data from libraries. The + resources is used to set the command which is executed by the users + default shell. Three escape sequences are defined to pass the + selected filename (%f), the current search path (%p) as well (%a) + as the three parameters *template*, *value* and *package* to the + command. It must write the element data to its standard output. + The default value is + /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb/QueryLibrary.sh %p %f %a + +`libraryContentsCommand (string)' + Similar to *libraryCommand*, `Pcb' uses the command specified by + this resource to list the contents of a library. + /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb/ListLibraryContents.sh %p %f + is the default. + +`libraryFilename (string)' + The resource specifies the name of the library. The default value + is *pcblib*. + +`libraryPath (string)' + A colon separated list of directories that will be passed to the + commands specified by *elementCommand* and + *elementContentsCommand*. + +`lineThickness (dimension)' + The value, int the range [1..250], defines the initial thickness + of new lines. The value is preset to *ten mil*. + +`media (<predefined> | <width>x<height>+-<left_margin>+-<top_margin>)' + The default (user defined) media of the `PostScript' device. + Predefined values are *a3*, *a4*, *a5*, *letter*, *tabloit*, + *ledger*, *legal*, and *executive*. The second way is to specify + the medias width, height and margins in mil. The resource + defaults to *a4* size. + +`offLimitColor (color)' + The area outside the current maximum settings for width and height + is drawn with this color. The default value is determined by + *XtDefaultBackground*. + +`pinColor (color)' +`pinSelectedColor(color)' + This resource defines the drawing color of pins and pads in both + states. The values are preset to *XtDefaultForeground*. + +`pinoutFont (string)' + This fonts are used to display pin names. There is one font for + each zoom value. The values are preset to *XtdefaultFont*. + +`pinoutNameLength (int)' + This resource limits the number of characters which are displayed + for pin names in the pinout window. By default the string length + is limited to *eight* characters per name. See also, the + command-line option *-pnl*. + +`pinoutOffsetX (int)' +`pinoutOffsetY (int)' + These resources determine the offset in *mil* of the circuit from + the upper left corner of the window when displaying pinout + information. Both default to *100 mil*. + +`pinoutTextOffsetX (int)' +`pinoutTextOffsetY (int)' + The resources determine the distance in mil between the drilling + hole of a pin to the location where its name is displayed in the + pinout window. They default to *X:50* and *Y:0*. + +`pinoutZoom (int)' + Sets the zoom factor for the pinout window according to the + formula: scale = 1:(2 power value). Its default value is *two* + which results in a *1:4* scale. See also, the command-line option + *-pz*. + +`printCommand (string)' + Default file for printouts. If the name starts with a '|' the + output is piped through the command. A %f is replaced by the + current filename. There is no default file or command. + +`raiseLogWindow (boolean)' + The log window will be raised when new messages arrive if this + resource is set *true*, the default. + +`ratCommand (string)' + Default command for reading a netlist. A %f is replaced by the + netlist filename. Its default value is "*cat %f*". + +`ratPath (string)' + Default path to look for netlist files. It's default value is "." + +`resetAfterElement (boolean)' + If set to *true*, all found connections will be reset before a new + element is scanned. This will produce long lists when scanning the + whole layout for connections. The resource is set to *false* by + default. The feature is only used while looking up connections of + all elements. See also, the command-line option *-reset, +reset*. + +`ringBellWhenFinished (boolean)' + Whether to ring the bell (the default) when a possibly lengthy + operation has finished or not. See also, the command-line option + *-ring, +ring*. + +`routeStyle (string)' + Default values for the menu of routing styles (seen in the sizes + menu). The string is a comma separated list of name, line + thickness, via diameter, and via drill size. e.g. + "Fat,50,100,40:Skinny,8,35,20:75Ohm,110,110,20" See also, the + command-line option *-rs* and *Sizes Menu* + +`rubberBandMode (boolean)' + Whether rubberband move and rotate (attached lines stretch like + rubberbands) is enabled (the default). + +`saveCommand (string)' + This command is used to save data to a layout file. The filename + may be indicated by placing `%f' in the string. It must read the + data from its standard input. The default command is: + cat - > %f + See also, the command-line option *-sfile*. + +`saveInTMP (boolean)' + Enabling this resource will save all data which would otherwise be + lost in a temporary file `/tmp/PCB.%i.save'. *%i* is replaced by + the process ID. As an example, loading a new layout when the old + one hasn't been saved would use this resource. See also, the + command-line option *-save, +save*. + +`saveLastCommand (boolean)' + Enables the saving of the last entered user command. The option is + *disabled* by default. See also, the command-line option *-s, +s*. + +`Shrink (dimension)' + Specifies the minimum overlap (touching) design rule in mils. + +`size (<width>x<height>)' + Defines the width and height of a new layout. The default is + *7000x5000*. + +`stipllePolygons (boolean)' + Determines whether to display polygons on the screen with a + stippled pattern. Stippling can create some amount of + transperency so that you can still (to some extent) see layers + beneath polygons. It defaults to False. + +`textScale (dimension)' + The font scaling in percent is defined by this resource. The + default is *100* percent. + +`useLogWindow (boolean)' + Several subroutines send messages to the user if an error occurs. + This resource determines if they appear inside the log window or + as a separate dialog box. See also, the resource *raiseLogWindow* + and the command line option *-loggeometry*. The default value is + *true*. + +`viaColor (color)' + +`viaSelectedColor (color)' + This resource defines the drawing color of vias in both states. + The values are preset to *XtDefaultForeground*. + +`viaThickness (dimension)' +`viaDrillingHole (dimension)' + The initial thickness and drilling hole of new vias. The values + must be in the range [30..250] with at least 20 mil of copper. + The default thickness is *40 mil* and the default drilling hole is + *20 mil*. + +`volume (int)' + The value is passed to `XBell()' which sets the volume of the `X' + speaker. The value lies in the range -100..100 and it defaults to + the maximum volume of *100*. + +`warnColor (color)' + This resources defines the color to be used for drawing pins and + pads when a warning has been issued about them. + +`zoom (int)' + The initial value for output scaling is set according to the + following formula: scale = 1:(2 power value). It defaults to + *three* which results in an output scale of *1:8*. + + Refer also to *Note Command-Line Options::. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Actions, Next: Translations, Prev: Resources, Up: X11 Interface + +Actions +======= + + All user accessible commands may be bound to almost any `X' event. +Almost no default binding for commands is done in the binaries, so it +is vital for the application that at least a system-wide application +resource file exists. This file normally resides in the +`X11/lib/app-defaults' directory and is called `Pcb'. The bindings to +which the manual refers to are the ones as defined by the shipped +resource file. Besides binding an action to an X11 event, you can also +execute any action command using a ":" command (see *Note User +Commands::). + + Take special care about translations related to the functions keys +and the pointer buttons because most of the window managers use them +too. Change the file according to your hardware/software environment. +You may have to replace all occurances of *baseTranslations* to +*translations* if you use a `X11R4' server. + + Passing *Object* as an argument to an action routine causes the +object at the cursor location to be changed, removed or whatever. If +more than one object is located at the crosshair position the smallest +type is used. If there are two of the same type the newer one is taken. +*SelectedObjects* will handle all selected and visible objects. + +`AddRats(AllRats|SelectedRats)' + Adds rat-lines to the layout using the loaded netlist file (see + the *:rn*, *Note User Commands::.). Rat lines are added on the + active layer using the current line thickness shown in the status + line. Only missing connectivity is added by the AddRats command + so if, for example, the layout is complete nothing will be added. + Rat lines are drawn on the screen with a stippled pattern to make + them easier to identify since they cannot appear in a completed + layout. The rat-lines are added in the minimum length + straight-line tree pattern (always ending on pins or pads) that + satisfies the missing connectivity in the circuit. If a SMD pad + is unreachable on the active layer, a warning will be issued about + it and the rat-line to that pad will not be generated. If + connections exist on the board which are not listed in the netlist + while AllRats are being added, warning messages will be issued and + the affected pins and pads will be drawn in a special *warnColor* + until the next *Notify()* event. If the entire layout agrees + completely with the net-list a message informs you that the layout + is complete and no rat-lines are added (since none are needed). + If *SelectedRats* is passed as the argument, only those missing + connections that might connect among the selected pins and pads + are drawn. Default: + None<Key>w: AddRats(AllRats) + !Shift<Key>w: AddRats(SelectedRats) + None<Key>o: DeleteRats(AllRats) AddRats(AllRats) + !Shift<Key>o: DeleteRats(SelectedRats) AddRats(SelectedRats) + +`Atomic(Save|Restore|Block|Close)' + Controls the undo grouping of sequences of actions. Before the + first action in a group, Atomic(Save) should be issued. After + each action that might be undoable, Atomic(Restore) should be + issued. Atomic(Block) concludes and save the undo grouping if + there was anything in the group to undo. Atomic(Close) concludes + and save the undo grouping even if nothing was actually done. + Thus it might produce an "empty" undo. This can be useful when + you want to use undo in a group of actions. + +`Bell([-100..100])' + Rings the bell of your display. If no value is passed the setting + of the resource *volume* will be used. + +`ChangeDrillSize(Object, value)' +`ChangeDrillSize(SelectedPins|SelectedVias, value)' + This action routine changes the drilling hole of pins and vias. + If *value* starts with + or -, then it adds (or subtracts) *value* + from the current hole diameter, otherwise it sets the diameter to + the value. Default: + !Mod1<Key>s: Change2ndSize(Object, +5) + !Mod1 Shift<Key>s: Change2ndSize(Object, -5) + +`ChangeHole(Object|SelectedVias)' + This action routine converts a via to and from a hole. A hole is + a via that has no copper annulus. The drill size for the via + determines the hole diameter. + !Ctrl<Key>h: ChangeHole(Object) + +`ChangeName(Object)' +`ChangeName(Layer|Layout)' + Changes the name of the visible object at the cursor location. A + text object doesn't have a name therefore the text string itself + is changed. The element name currently used for display is always + the one changed with this command. See + *Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)* for details. Passing + *Layer* changes the current layers name. Default: + None<Key>n: ChangeName(Object) + +`ChangeOctagon(Object|SelectElements|SelectedPins|SelectedVias|Selected)' + Toggles what shape the affected pin(s) or via(s) will be drawn + when they are not square. The shape will either be round or + octagonal. Default: + !Ctrl<Key>o: ChangeOctagon(Object) + +`ChangeSize(Object, value)' +`ChangeSize(SelectedLines|SelectedPins|SelectedVias, value)' +`ChangeSize(SelectedPads|SelectedTexts|SelectedNames, value)' +`ChangeSize(SelectedElements, value)' + To change the size of an object you have to bind these action to + some `X' event (or use :ChangeSize(...)). If *value* begins with + a + or - then the value will be added (or subtracted) from the + current size, otherwise the size is set equal to *value*. Range + checking is done to insure that none of the maximum/minimums of + any size are violated. If *Object* is passed then a single object + at the cursor location is changed. If any of the *Selected* + arguments are passed then all selected and visible objects of that + type are changed. If the type being modified is an element, then + the thickness of the silkscreen lines defining the element is + changed. Default: + None<Key>s: ChangeSize(Object, +5) + !Shift<Key>s: ChangeSize(Object, -5) + +`ChangeSquare(Object|SelectedElements|SelectedPins)' + Toggles the setting of the square flag. The flag is used to + identify a certain pin, normally the first one, of circuits. It is + also used to make SMD pads have square ends. + None<Key>q: ChangeSquare(Object) + +`Command()' + Calling *Command()* pops up an input line at the bottom of the + window which allows you to enter commands. Including all action + commands! The dialog ends when *None<Key>Return* to confirm or + *None<Key>Escape* to abort is entered. Default: + <Key>colon: Command() + +`Connection(Find)' +`Connection(ResetFoundLinesAndRectangles|ResetPinsViasAndPads|Reset)' + The *Connection()* action is used to mark all connections from one + pin, line or via to others. The *ResetFoundLinesAndRectangles, + ResetFoundPinsAndVias* and *Reset* arguments may be used to reset + all marked lines and rectangles, vias and pins or all of them. The + search starts with the pin or via at the cursor position. All + found objects are drawn with the color defined by the resource + *connectedColor*. See also, + *Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)*. Default: + !Shift<Key>c: Connection(Reset) + None<Key>f: Connection(Find) + !Shift<Key>f: Connection(Reset) + +`DeleteRats(AllRats|SelectedRats)' + This routine deletes either all rat-lines in the layout, or only + the selected and visible ones. Non-rat-lines and other layout + objects are unaffected. Default: + None<Key>e: DeleteRats(AllRats) + !Shift<Key>e: DeleteRats(SelectedRats) + +`Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)' +`Display(Toggle45Degree|CycleClip)' +`Display(Grid|ToggleGrid)' +`Display(ToggleRubberBandMode)' +`Display(Center|ClearAndRedraw|Redraw)' +`Display(Pinout|PinOrPadName)' + This action routines handles some output related settings. It is + used to center the display around the cursor location and to + redraw the output area optionally after clearing the window. + Centering is done with respect to the *grid* setting. Displaying + the grid itself may be switched on and off by *Grid* but only if + the distance between two pixels exceeds 1_DISTANCE pixels. `Pcb' + is able to handle several labels of an element. One of them is a + description of the functionality (eg resistor), the second should + be a unique identifier (R1) whereas the last one is a value (100k). + The *Display()* action selects which of the names is displayed. + It also controls which name will be affected by the *ChangeName* + command. If *ToggleGrid* is passed, `Pcb' changes between relative + ('rel' in the statusline) and absolute grid (an 'abs' in the + statusline). Relative grid means the pointer position when the + command is issued is used as the grid origin; while (0,0) is used + in the absolute grid case. Passing *Pinout* displays the pinout + of the element at the current cursor location whereas + *PinOrPadName* toggles displaying of the pins or pads name under + the cursor. If none of them matches but the cursor is inside of an + element, the flags is toggled for all of its pins and pads. For + details about rubberbands see also the details about *Mode*. + Default: + None<Key>c: Display(Center) + None<Key>d: Display(PinOrPadName) + !Shift<Key>d: Display(Pinout) + None<Key>r: Display(ClearAndRedraw) + None<Key>.: Display(Toggle45Degree) + None<Key>/: Display(CycleClip) + +`DRC()' + Initiates design rule checking of the entire layout. Must be + repeated until no errors are found. + +`EditLayerGroups()' + Pops up a dialog box to edit the layergroup setting. The function + is also available from the *Objects* menu. There are no defaults. + +`Load(ElementToBuffer|Layout|LayoutToBuffer|Nelist)' + This routine pops up a fileselect box to load layout, element data, + or netlist. The passed filename for layout data is saved and may + be reused. *ElementToBuffer* and *LayoutToBuffer* load the data + into the current buffer. There are no defaults. + +`MarkCrosshair()' + This routine marks the current cursor location with an X, and then + the cursor display shows both absolute position and position + relative to the mark. If a mark is already present, this routine + removes it and stops displaying relative cursor coordinates. + Defaults: + !Ctrl<key>m: MarkCrosshair() + +`Mode(Copy|InsertPoint|Line|Move|None|PasteBuffer|Polygon|Thermal)' +`Mode(Remove|Rectangle|RubberbandMove|Text|Via)' +`Mode(Cycle)' +`Mode(Notify)' +`Mode(Save|Restore)' + Switches to a new mode of operation. The active mode is displayed + by a thick line around the matching mode selector button. Most of + the functionality of `Pcb' is implemented by selecting a mode and + calling *Mode(Notify)*. The arguments *Line*, *Polygon*, + *Rectangle*, *Text* and *Via* are used to create the appropriate + object whenever *Mode(Notify)* is called. Some of them, such as + *Polygon*, need more than one call for one object to be created. + *InsertPoint* adds points to existing polygons or lines. *Save* + and *Restore* are used to temporarily save the mode, switch to + another one, call *Mode(Notify)* and restore the saved one. Have a + look at the application resource file for examples. *Copy* and + *Move* modes are used to change an object's location and, + optionally, to create a new one. The first call of *Mode(Notify)* + attaches the object at the pointer location to the crosshair + whereas the second one drops it to the layout. The *rubberband* + version of move performs the move while overriding the current + rubberband mode. Passing *PasteBuffer* attaches the contents of + the currently selected buffer to the crosshair. Each call to + *Mode(Notify)* pastes this contents to the layout. *Mode(Cycle)* + cycles through the modes available in the mode-button pallete. + *Mode(None)* switches all modes off. Default: + <Key>Escape: Mode(None) + <Key>space: Mode(Cycle) + None<Key>BackSpace: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) + None<Key>Delete: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) + None<Key>F1: Mode(Via) + None<Key>F2: Mode(Line) + None<Key>F3: Mode(PasteBuffer) + None<Key>F4: Mode(Rectangle) + None<Key>F5: Mode(Text) + None<Key>F6: Mode(Polygon) + None<Key>F7: Mode(Thermal) + None<Key>F8: Mode(Arc) + None<Key>Insert: Mode(InsertPoint) + None<Key>[: Mode(Save) Mode(Move) Mode(Notify) + None<Key>]: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) + None<Btn1Down>: Mode(Notify) + !Shift Ctrl<Btn1Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) + None<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(Move) Mode(Notify) + None<Btn2Up>: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) + !Mod1<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(Copy) Mode(Notify) + !Mod1<Btn2Up>: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore) + Shift Mod1<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(RubberbandMove) Mode(Notify) + +`MovePointer(delta_x, delta_y)' + With this function it is possible to move the crosshair cursor by + using the cursor keys. The `X' server's pointer follows because + the necessary events are generated by `Pcb'. All movements are + performed with respect to the currently set grid value. Default: + None<Key>Up: MovePointer(0, -1) + !Shift<Key>Up: MovePointer(0, -10) + None<Key>Down: MovePointer(0, 1) + !Shift<Key>Down: MovePointer(0, 10) + None<Key>Right: MovePointer(1, 0) + !Shift<Key>Right: MovePointer(10, 0) + None<Key>Left: MovePointer(-1, 0) + !Shift<Key>Left: MovePointer(-10, 0) + +`MoveToCurrentLayer(Object|SelectedObjects)' + The function moves a single object at the crosshair location or + all selected objects to the current layer. Elements are not + moveable by this function. They have to be deleted and replaced + on the other side. If a line segment is moved and the movement + would result in a loss of connectivity to another segment then + via(s) are automatically added to maintain the connectivity. + None<Key>m: MoveToCurrentLayer(Object) + !Shift<Key>m: MoveToCurrentLayer(SelectedObjects) + +`New()' + Clear the current layout and starts a new one after entering its + name. Refer to the resource *backup* for more information. No + defaults. + +`PasteBuffer(AddSelected|Clear|1..5)' +`PasteBuffer(Rotate, 1..3)' +`PasteBuffer(Convert)' + This action routine controls and selects the pastebuffer as well + as all cut-and-paste operations. Passing a buffer number selects + one in of the range 1..5. The statusline is updated with the new + number. *Rotate* performs a number of 90 degree counter clockwise + rotations of the buffer contents. *AddSelected* as first argument + copies all selected and visible objects into the buffer. Passing + *Clear* removes all objects from the currently selected buffer. + *Convert* causes the contents of the buffer (lines, arc, vias) to + be converted into an element definition. Refer to *Note + Pastebuffer:: for examples. Default: + !Ctrl<Key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected) + Mode(PasteBuffer) + !Shift Ctrl<Key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected) + RemoveSelected() Mode(PasteBuffer) + !Mod1<Key>c: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected) + !Mod1<key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected) + RemoveSelected() + !Shift<Key>1: PasteBuffer(1) + !Shift<Key>2: PasteBuffer(2) + !Shift<Key>3: PasteBuffer(3) + !Shift<Key>4: PasteBuffer(4) + !Shift<Key>5: PasteBuffer(5) + None<Key>F3: Mode(PasteBuffer) + +`Polygon((Close|PreviousPoint)' + Polygons need a special action routine to make life easier. Calling + *Polygon(PreviousPoint)* resets the newly entered corner to the + previous one. The Undo action will call Polygon(PreviousPoint) + when appropriate to do so. *Close* creates the final segment of + the polygon. This may fail if clipping to 45 degree lines is + switched on, in which case a warning is issued. Default: + None<Key>p: Polygon(Close) + !Shift<Key>p: Polygon(Close) + +`Print()' + Pops up a print control box that lets you select the output + device, scaling and many more options. Each run creates all files + that are supported by the selected device. These are mask files as + well as drilling files, silk screens and so on. The table shows + the filenames for all possible files: + POSIX (extention) 8.3 filename + --------------------------------------------- + *_componentmask.* cmsk.* + *_componentsilk.* cslk.* + *_soldermask.* smsk.* + *_soldersilk.* sslk.* + *_drill.* dril.* + *_groundplane.* gpl.* + *_group[1..8].* [..8].* + The output may be sent to a postprocessor by starting the filename + with the *pipe* `("|")' character. Any `"%f"' in a command is + replaced with the current filename. The function is available from + the *file* menu. There are no defaults. + +`Quit()' + Quits the application after confirming the operation. Default: + <Message>WM_PROTOCOLS: Quit() + +`Redo()' + This routine allows you to recover from the last undo command. + You might want to do this if you thought that undo was going to + revert something other than what it actually did (in case you are + confused about which operations are un-doable), or if you have + been backing up through a long undo list and over-shoot your + stopping point. Any change that is made since the undo in + question will trim the redo list. For example if you add ten + lines, then undo three of them you could use redo to put them + back, but if you move a line on the board before performing the + redo, you will lose the ability to "redo" the three "undone" lines. + Default: + !Shift<Key>r: Redo() + +`RemoveSelected()' + This routine removes all visible and selected objects. There are + no defaults. + +`Report(Object|DrillReport)' + This routine pops up a dialog box describing the various + characteristics of an object (or piece of an object such as a pad + or pin) in the layout at the cursor position, or a report about + all of the drill holes in the layout. There are no defaults. + +`RouteStyle(1|2|3|4)' + This routine copies the sizes corresponding to the numbered route + style into the active line thicknes, via diameter, and via drill + size. Defaults: + !Ctrl<Key>1: RouteStyle(1) + ... + !Ctrl<Key>4: RouteStyle(4) + +`Save(Layout|LayoutAs)' +`Save(AllConnections|AllUnusedPins|ElementConnections)' + Passing *Layout* saves the layout using the file from which it was + loaded or, if it is a new layout, calls *Save(LayoutAs)* which + queries the user for a filename. The values: *AllConnections*, + *AllUnusedPins* and *ElementConnections* start a connection scan + and save all connections, all unused pins or the connections of a + single element to a file. There are no defaults. + +`Select(All|Block|Connection|ToggleObject)' +`Select(ElementByName|ObjectByName|PadByName|PinByName)' +`Select(TextByName|ViaByName)' + Toggles either the selection flag of the object at the crosshair + position (*ToggleObject*) or selects all visible objects, all + inside a rectangle or all objects which have been found during the + last connection scan. The *ByName* functions use a regular + expression search, always case insensitive, to select the objects. + Default: + None<Btn3Down>: Select(ToggleObject) + None<Btn3Down>,None<Btn3Motion>: See resource file - this is complex + +`SetValue(Grid|LineSize|TextScale|ViaDrillingHole|ViaSize|Zoom, value)' + Some internal values may be changed online by this function. The + first parameter specifies which data has to be changed. The other + one determines if the resource is set to the passed value, if + *value* is specified without sign, or increments/decrements if it + is specified with a plus or minus sign. The function doesn't + change any existing object only the initial values of new objects. + Use the *ChangeSize()* and *ChangeDrillSize()* to change existing + objects. Default: + None<Key>g: SetValue(Grid, +5) + !Shift<Key>g: SetValue(Grid, -5) + None<Key>l: SetValue(LineSize, +5) + !Shift<Key>l: SetValue(LineSize, -5) + None<Key>t: SetValue(TextScale, +10) + !Shift<Key>t: SetValue(TextScale, -10) + None<Key>v: SetValue(ViaSize, +5) + !Shift<Key>v: SetValue(ViaSize, -5) + !Mod1<Key>v: SetValue(ViaDrillingHole, +5) + !Mod1 Shift<Key>v: SetValue(ViaDrillingHole, -5) + None<Key>z: SetValue(Zoom, -1) + !Shift<Key>z: SetValue(Zoom, +1) + +`SwapSides()' + This routine changes the board side you are viewing. Default: + None<Key>Tab: SwapSides() + +`SwitchDrawingLayer(value)' + Makes layer numer 1..8 the current one. Default: + None<Key>1: SwitchDrawingLayer(1) + ... + None<Key>8: SwitchDrawingLayer(8) + +`ToggleHideName(Object|SelectedElements)' + Toggles whether the element's name is displayed or hidden. If it + is hidden you won't see it on the screen and it will not appear on + the silk layer when you print the layout. + None<Key>h: ToggleHideName(Object) + !Shift<Key>h: ToggleHideName(SelectedElements) + +`Undo()' +`Undo(ClearList)' + The unlimited undo feature of `Pcb' allows you to recover from + most operations that materially affect you work. Calling *Undo()* + without any parameter recovers from the last (non-undo) operation. + *ClearList* is used to release the allocated memory. *ClearList* + is called whenever a new layout is started or loaded. See also + *Redo*. Default: + None<Key>u: Undo() + !Shift Ctrl<Key>u: Undo(ClearList) + +`Unselect(All|Block|Connection)' + Unselects all visible objects, all inside a rectangle or all + objects which have been found during the last connection scan. + Default: + !Shift <Btn3Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(None) Unselect(Block) + !Shift <Btn3Up>: Unselect(Block) Mode(Restore) + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Translations, Prev: Actions, Up: X11 Interface + +Default Translations +==================== + + This section covers some default translations of key and button +events as defined in the shipped default application resource file. +Most of them have already been listed in *Note Actions::. `Pcb' makes +use of a nice `X11' feature; calling several action routines for one +event. + +`None<Key>BackSpace:' + +`None<key>Delete:' +`!Shift<Key>BackSpace:' +`!Shift Ctrl<Btn1Down>:' + The object at the cursor location is removed by + *None<Key>BackSpace* or *Shift Ctrl<Btn1Down>* whereas + *Shift<Key>BackSpace* also removes all other objects that are + fully-connected to the one at the cursor location. + +`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Left:' +`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Right:' +`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Up:' +`!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Down:' + Scroll one page in one of the four directions. + +`None<Key>Left:, !Shift<Key>Left:' +`None<Key>Right:, !Shift<Key>Right:' +`None<Key>Up:, !Shift<Key>Up:' +`None<Key>Down:, !Shift<Key>Down:' + Move crosshair either one or ten points in grid. + +`None<Key>Return:' + Finished user input, selects the 'default' button of dialogs. + +`None<Key>Escape:' + *Mode(Reset)*, aborts user input, selects the 'abort' button of + dialogs or resets all modes. + +`None<Btn2Down>, Btn2<Motion>, None<Btn2Up>:' +`!Mod1<Btn2Down>, Btn2<Motion>, !Mod1<Btn2Up>:' + The first sequence moves the object or element name at the cursor + location. The second one copies the objects. Copying isn't + available for element names. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: File Formats, Next: Installation, Prev: X11 Interface, Up: Top + +File Formats +************ + + All files used by `Pcb' are read from the standard output of a +command or written to the standard input of one as plain seven bit +`ASCII'. This makes it possible to use any editor to change the +contents of a layout file. It is the only way for element or font +description files to be created. To do so you'll need to study the +example files `example/*' and `default_font' which are shipped with +`Pcb'. For an overview refer to *Note Intro::. + + The following sections provide the necessary information about the +syntax of the files. Netlist files are not created by `Pcb', but it +does use them. For information on the format of a netlist file see the +*:rn*, *Note User Commands::. Rat lines are added on the current layer +using the current The commands described allow you to add almost any +additional functionality you may need. Examples are compressed read and +write access as well as archives. The commands themselves are defined +by the resources *elementCommand*, *fileCommand*, *fontCommand*, +*libraryCommand*, *libraryContentsCommand* and *saveCommand*. Note +that the commands are not saved along with the data. It is considered +an advantage to have the layout file contain all necessary information, +independent of any other files. + + One thing common to all files is they may include comments, newlines, +and carriage returns at any place except within quoted strings. + +* Menu: + +* Basic Types:: Basic types used by all data files. +* Layout File:: +* Element File:: +* Font File:: +* Library Contents File:: +* Library File:: + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Basic Types, Next: Layout File, Up: File Formats + +Basic Types +=========== + + Here are the basic type definitions used in the other sections of +this chapter. + + Description = Name + DeltaAngle = Number + DrillingHole = Number + Flags = Number + FontPosition = Number + Grid = Number + GridOffsetX = Number + GridOffsetY = Number + Group = GroupMember [,GroupMember]... + GroupMember = decimal | [cs] + GroupString = """ Group [:Group]... """ + StyleString = """ Style [:Style]... """ + Height = Number + LayerNumber = Number + LayoutName = Name + Name = quoted_string + Number = decimal | hex + PinNumber = quoted_string + Spacing = Number + StartAngle = Number + SymbolID = Number | charconst + Thickness = Number + TextData = quoted_string + TextFlags = Flags + TextScale = scale + TextX = Number + TextY = Number + Value = Name + Width = Number + X = Number + X1 = Number + X2 = Number + Y = Number + Y1 = Number + Y2 = Number + charconst = "'" <any character> "'" + comment = "#" {<any character up to a newline>}... + decimal = [0-9]+ + direction = [0-3] + hex = 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+ + scale = [1-<positive integer>] + quoted_string = """ <anything except \n and \r> """ + zoom = [0-MAX] + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Layout File, Next: Element File, Prev: Basic Types, Up: File Formats + +Layout File Format +================== + + The layout file describes a complete layout including symbols, vias, +elements and layers with lines, rectangles and text. This is the most +complex file of all. + + File = Header Font PCBData + Header = PCBName [GridData] [CursorData] [PCBFlags] [Groups] + PCBName = "PCB(" Name Width Height ")" + GridData = "Grid(" Grid GridOffsetX GridOffsetY ")" + CursorData = "Cursor(" X Y zoom ")" + PCBFlags = "Flags(" Flags ")" + Groups = "Groups(" GroupString ")" + Styles = "Styles(" StyleString ")" + Font = {FontData}... + FontData = {Symbol}... + Symbol = "Symbol(" SymbolID Spacing ")" + "(" {SymbolData}... ")" + SymbolData = {SymbolLine}... + SymbolLine = "SymbolLine(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness ")" + PCBData = {Via | Layer | Element}... + + Via = "Via(" X Y Thickness DrillingHole Name Flags ")" + + Element = "Element(" Flags Description LayoutName Value \ + TextX TextY direction scale TextFlags")" + "(" {ElementData}... [Mark] ")" + ElementData = {ElementLine | Pad | Pin | ElementArc }... + ElementArc = "ElementArc(" X Y Width Height + StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness ")" + ElementLine = "ElementLine(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness ")" + Mark = "Mark(" X Y ")" + Pad = "Pad(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Name PinNumber Flags")" + Pin = "Pin(" X Y Thickness DrillingHole Name PinNumber Flags ")" + + Layer = "Layer(" LayerNumber Name ")" + "(" {LayerData}... ")" + LayerData = {Line | Polygon | Text}... + Line = "Line(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Flags")" + Arc = "Arc(" X Y Width Height StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness Flags")" + Polygon = "Polygon(" Flags ")" \ + "(" {Points}... ")" + Points = "(" X Y ")" + Text = "Text(" X Y direction scale TextData Flags")" + +`PCBName' + is used to define the layout's name which is independent of its + filename. It is displayed in the lower left corner of the main + window. + +`GridData' + is optional and is used to save the grid setting and offset which + were set at the time the layout was saved. + +`CursorData' + also is an optional parameter to save the last cursor location and + zoom value. The real zoom factor is calculated by scale = 1:(2 + power value). + +`PCBFlags' + determine how to draw lines and which name of the elements should + be displayed. + bit 4: do rubberband moves and rotates if set + bit 5: display description of elements if set + bit 6: display unique name of an element if set + bit 7: use absolute grid if set + bit 8: don't clip lines to 45 degrees + +`Groups' + Layergroups are saved by using this optional parameter. The only + way of changing them is to use an editor and alter the appropriate + line. The characters *c,s* idenify the component- and solder-side + for SMD objects. + +`Symbol' + See the description of font files in this chapter. + +`Via' + Vias are always connected to all layers which also means vias are + one logical level ahead of layers. Vias are defined by position, + size, name and by some flags. + bit 0: always clear + bit 1: always set + bit 2: set if via was found during a connection search + bit 4: set if via is a hole (has no copper annulus) + bit 5: display the vias name + bit 6: via has been selected + bit 12: set if via has octagonal shape + Other bits have special meaning and should not be changed + by the user. See const.h for more information + +`Element' + See the description of element files in this chapter. + +`Layer' + A layer is the central object from the user's point of view. It + holds all connections and all text objects. Up to 8 may be used + individually. Its number, starting with one, and its name are + read as arguments. + + `Line' + All lines are identified by their start and endpoints + together with their thickness and some flags. They have to + fit a 45 degree scheme. + bit 2: set if line was found during a connection search + bit 4: line is a rat-line + bit 6: line has been selected + + `Polygon' + used to fill a larger area with `copper'. The coordinates + specify the corners. The flags are: + bit 2: set if polygon was found during a connection search + bit 4: polygon is a 1.5 style polygon that automatically clears pins + bit 6: polygon has been selected + + `Text' + You may use text objects to add information to your board. An + example would be naming a connector or marking pin one of it. + The position marks the lower left corner of the string which + is also a fixpoint for rotations. Text directions are + independent to those of lines. They are counted from zero to + three with a meaning of zero to 270 degree rotations + counter-clockwise. The scaling value is a positive integer + which determines a zoom factor in percent. + bit 6: the text has been selected + bit 7: the text is on the solder (back) side of the board + bit 10: the text is on the silkscreen layer + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Element File, Next: Font File, Prev: Layout File, Up: File Formats + +Element File Format +=================== + + Element files are used to describe one component which then may be +used several times within one or more layouts. You will normally split +the file into two parts, one for the pinout and one for the package +description. Using `m4' allows you to define pin names as macros in +one file and include a package description file which evaluates the +macros. See the resource *elementCommand* for more information. The +pins (and pads) must appear in squential order in the element file (new +in 1.5) so that pin 1 must be the first PIN(...) in the file. + + Doing things this way makes it possible to use one package file for +several different circuits. See the sample files `dil*'. + + The lowest x and y coordinates of all subobjects of an element are +used as an attachment point for the crosshair cursor of the main window. + + File = {Element}... + Element = "Element(" Flags Description LayoutName Value \ + TextX TextY direction scale TextFlags")" + "(" {ElementData}... [Mark] ")" + ElementData = {ElementLine | Pad | Pin | ElementArc }... + ElementArc = "ElementArc(" X Y Width Height + StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness ")" + ElementLine = "ElementLine(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness ")" + Mark = "Mark(" X Y ")" + Pad = "Pad(" X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Name PinNumber Flags ")" + Pin = "Pin(" X Y Thickness DrillingHole Name PinNumber Flags ")" + +`Element' + Objects of type element are determined by flags, some names, a + canonical and a layout name as well as a value. Additional fields + are text position, their direction counted from zero to three (n * + 90 degrees counter-clockwise) and element data. + + `Flags' + The flag field determines the state of an element. The bit + values are: + bit 4: the element name is hidden + bit 6: element has been selected + bit 7: element is located on the solder side + + `TextFlags' + `scale' + `direction' + See the description of text object earlier in this chapter. + + `ElementLine' + A line is defined by its start and end points and by its + size, or width. + + `ElementArc' + Defines an arc by its center, width, height, startangle, its + length in degrees and its size. Remember the y axis on the + screen grows downwards. + + `Mark' + is just a hint to make positioning easier. The crosshair will + be positioned here. Its center is passed as the two arguments. + + `Pad' + A pad is very similar to a line except it may not be + disconnected from its element and it has an associated name. + Is is defined by two end point position, size, name and by + some flags. + bit 2: set if pad was found during a connection search + bit 5: display the pads name + bit 6: pad has been selected + bit 7: pad is located on the solder side + + `Pin' + A pin is very similar to a via except it may not be + disconnected from its element. + bit 0: always set + bit 1: always clear + bit 2: set if pin was found during a connection search + bit 3: set if pin is only a mounting hole (no copper annulus) + bit 5: display the pins name + bit 6: pin has been selected + bit 8: pin is drawn as a square + bit 12: set if pin is drawn with an octagonal shape + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Font File, Next: Library Contents File, Prev: Element File, Up: File Formats + +Font File Format +================ + + A number of user defined symbols are called a font. There is only +one per layout. All symbols are made of lines. See the file +`default_font' as an example. + + The lowest x and y coordinates of all lines of a font are +transformed to (0,0). + + File = Font + Font = {FontData}... + FontData = {Symbol}... + Symbol = "Symbol(" SymbolID FontPosition ")" + "(" {SymbolData}... ")" + SymbolData = {SymbolLine}... + +`Symbol' + The two arguments are the `ASCII' code of the symbol and its + distance to the next symbol. Undefined symbols are drawn as filled + rectangles. The `ASCII' code may be passed as a character + constant or as a hexadecimal value. + + `SymbolLine' + The symbol data itself is made up of several entries of type + *SymbolLine*. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Library Contents File, Next: Library File, Prev: Font File, Up: File Formats + +Library Contents File Format +============================ + + There is nothing like a special library format. The ones that have +been introduced in 1.4.1 just use some nice (and time consuming) +fetures of GNU `m4'. The only predefined format is the one of the +contents file which is read during startup. It is made up of two basic +line types: + + menu entry = "TYPE="name + contents line = template":"package":"value":"description + name = String + template = String + package = String + value = String + description = String + String = <anything except ":", "\n" and "\r"> + + No leading whitespaces or comments are allowed in this file. If you +need either one, define a command that removes them before loading. +Have a look to the *libraryContentsCommand* resource. + + The menu entry will appear in the selection menu at the top and of +the library window. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Library File, Prev: Library Contents File, Up: File Formats + +Library File Format +=================== + + This section provides an overview about the existing `m4' definitions +of the elements. There are basically two different types of files. One +to define element specific data like the pinout, package and so on, the +other to define the values. For example the static RAM circuits 43256 +and 62256 are very similar. They therefore share a common definition in +the macro file but are defined with two different value labels. + + The macro file entry: + define(`Description_43256_dil', `SRAM 32Kx8') + define(`Param1_43256_dil', 28) + define(`Param2_43256_dil', 600) + define(`PinList_43256_dil', ``pin1', `pin2', ...') + + And the list file: + 43256_dil:N:43256:62256 + + The macro must define a description, the pin list and up to two +additional parameters that are passed to the package definitions. The +first one is the number of pins whereas the second one defines for +example the width of a package. + + It is very important to select a unique identifier for each macro. In +the example this would be *43256_dil* which is also the templates name. +It is required by some low-level macros that *Description_, Param1_, +Param2_* and *PinList_* are prepended. + + The list file uses a syntax: + template:package:value[:more values] + + This means that the shown example will create two element entries +with the sam package and pinout but with different names. + + A number of packages are defined in `common.m4'. Included are: + + DIL packages with suffix D, DW, J, JD, JG, N, NT, P + PLCC + TO3 + generic connectors + DIN 41.612 connectors + zick-zack (SD suffix) + 15 pin multiwatt + + If you are going to start your own library please take care about +`m4' functions. Be aware of quoting and so on and, most important check +your additional entry by calling the macro: + + CreateObject(`template', `value', `package suffix') + + If quoting is incorrect an endless loop may occur (broken by a +out-of-memory message). + + The scripts in the `lib' directory handle the creation of libraries +as well as of their contents files. Querying is also supported. + + I know quite well that this description of the library +implementation is not what some out there expect. But in my opinion +it's much more useful to look at the comments and follow the macros +step by step. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Installation, Prev: File Formats, Up: Top + +Installation and Troubleshooting +******************************** + + Compiling and installing the package should be straightforward. If +any problems occur, please contact the author +(Thomas.Nau@rz.uni-ulm.de) to find a solution and include it into the +next release. + +* Menu: + +* compiling:: Compiling and installing. +* problems:: Troubleshooting. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: compiling, Next: problems, Up: Installation + +Compiling and Installing +======================== + + This section covers the steps which are necessary to compile the +package. + +* Menu: + +* config.h:: Editing `config.h' options. +* manuals:: Creating the man page, info file and this manual. +* make:: Creating the `Makefile', compiling and installing. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: config.h, Next: manuals, Up: compiling + +Editing config.h +---------------- + + Most `X11' related options are automatically covered by `imake' +which is called from `xmkmf'. The ones special to `Pcb' have to be +edited in `config.h'. In order of appearance: + +`INFOLIBDIR' + must be set to the directory where your GNU info files are located. + +`/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb' + is the path of a directory where the font files will be installed. + +`DEFAULTFONT' + the name of the default font file. + +`DEFAULTLIBRARY' + the name of the default library. + +`gm4' + the name of GNUs m4 version. + +`Mod1' + If your window manager has already bound *Mod1* together with some + function keys you may want to change this setting. This is true + for HP-VUE. + +`EXTRA_INCLUDES' + Some systems do not have the Athena Widget include files in their + normal place as configured by `X11's config files. Define this as + follows: + EXTRA_INCLUDES = -I/usr/openwin/share/include + This is probably true for Suns which use `OpenWindows'. + +`PATCHES' + This symbol is passed to the compiler. Use it to define additional + compiler flags. Add the *-DNEED_STRDUP* flag, if your system does + not have a strdup() library function. + +`HAS_REGEX' + Set to *-DHAS_REGEX* if your system supports regular expressions. + This enables the actions *Select(*ByName)*. + +`EXITCALL' + The symbol *EXITCALL* should be defined according to the *call on + exit* functions supported by your system. There are three choices: + EXITCALL = -DHAS_ATEXIT if atexit() is supported (SYSV) + EXITCALL = -DHAS_ON_EXIT if on_exit() and no atexit() is supported + EXITCALL = if none of them is supported + Please check your manpages for details. + +`SYS_LIBRARIES' + This symbol is used to pass additional libraries to the linker. + The only additional libraries which are used are the math and lex + library. + + If you have to make system dependent changes please include them +into a *#ifdef Architecture* ... *#endif* construct and mail a copy to +the author (Thomas.Nau@rz.uni-ulm.de). + + Now run `xmkmf -a' which creates the `Makefiles' and runs `make +depend'. This should finish without any problems except some systems +which complain about missing include files. Don't worry about any such +warnings at this time, the package should compile without any problems. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: manuals, Next: make, Prev: config.h, Up: compiling + +Manuals +------- + + After `xmkmf -a' has created the new `Makefile' you are able to +create the manpages, the application resource, the info file, the `TeX' +output and a reference card by executing + (cd doc; make) + (cd src; make Pcb.ad) + You'll need `TeX', `texindex' and, if you want `PostScript', `dvips' +to build the manuals. Preformatted documentation for the default +configuration may be found in the `./doc.ps' directory. A simple +*make* builds everything. Generate a printed copy to make your life +easier. `TeX-3.0' failed, `TeX-3.14' worked just fine. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: make, Prev: manuals, Up: compiling + +Compiling the Package +--------------------- + + After reaching this point, it is time for `make'. It should build +everything without any errors. If it doesn't refer to *Note problems::. + + You have to be root to install the package or at least a user with +the appropriate priveleges in some `X11' directories. Set the umask to +*022* or else some files will not be found because the directory isn't +world readable. + + If you do not have the appropriate permissions you should run +`./pcbtest.sh' in the `src' directory to run `Pcb' from the +installation directory. + + `make install' and `make install.man' install the program, the +fonts, the application default resource file, all element and package +data as well as the manpage into the `X11' directories. `make +install.info' does the same for the `GNU' info file. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: problems, Prev: compiling, Up: Installation + +Troubleshooting +=============== + + There are some known problems. Most of them are related to missing +parts of a standard `X11' distribution. Some others are caused by third +party applications such as `X' servers. To make this list more complete +please mail your problems and, if available, solutions to the author. +The mail address may be found at the beginning of this chapter. In any +case, read *Note X11::. + + By the way, you `MUST HAVE AN ANSI COMPILER' to make `Pcb' work. + + If the shell script `create_sed_script.sh' fails with an error of +`awk' check your system for `nawk' or get the `GNU gawk'. See the +script for details. + + Another source of problems are older versions of `flex' and `bison'. +`Pcb' definitely works with `flex-2.4.7' and `bison-1.22' or later. The +problems will result in a *syntax error* while parsing files. You will +have to add *-lfl* to the SYS_LIBRARIES identifier in `Imakefile'. See +also, *Note FreeBSD::. + + The following list gives you just an idea because I'm not able to +test all `Pcb' releases on all platforms. + +* Menu: + +* HP:: Hewlett-Packard series 700 and 800 running HP-UX 10.* +* Sun:: Sun, Solaris 2.5 +* SGI:: SGI, IRIX 5.3 and 6.* +* DEC Alpha:: DEC Alpha, DEC UNIX 3.2c and 4.0 +* SCO:: SCO Unix ODT 3.0, PC hardware +* Linux:: Linux 0.99pl14 and later +* FreeBSD:: FreeBSD, NetBSD ... +* X11:: Refers to `X11R4', `X11R5', and `OpenWindows' +* TeX and Manuals:: Problems creating the `pcb.dvi' + + +File: pcb.info, Node: HP, Next: Sun, Up: problems + +HP Series 700 and 800 +--------------------- + + You have to install several `X11' tools (`imake') and include files +or, better, install a complete `X11R5' release. Hewlett-Packard doesn't +support the Athena Widgets. So the header files and libraries are +missing from the application media, but they are available as a patch. +They also do not ship the `ANSI' compiler with the normal operating +system release so you have to buy one or use `GCC'. Some of the tools +are available as patches. + + In addition, `Pcb' has been successfully tested on these platforms +with `HPUX 9.*, 10.*' running self-compiled `X11R5'. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Sun, Next: SGI, Prev: HP, Up: problems + +Sun SPARC architecture +---------------------- + + There are no known problems with Sun machines if they use `X11R5' +instead of `OpenWindows'. `Pcb' compiled successfully with all kinds of +SPARCstations `Solaris-2.[345]'. + + For problems with `OpenWindows' refer to *Note X11::. + + If `xmkmf' is missing, try + /usr/openwin/bin/imake -DUseInstalled -I/usr/openwin/lib/config + make Makefile + make includes + make depend + instead. I got it compiled but the linker complained about missing +symbols. The problem may be related to the mixed `OpenWindows' - +`X11R5' environment which is installed on the test machine. Anyway the +code was executable and I haven't got a core yet. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: SGI, Next: DEC Alpha, Prev: Sun, Up: problems + +Silicon Graphics +---------------- + + `Pcb' has been tested on some boxes running either `IRIX-4.0.5' or +`IRIX-5.3'. The former one uses a `X11R4' server. There are no +problems except some additionally needed compiler flags. For known +problems with `X11R4', see *Note X11::. Check `Imakefile', too. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: DEC Alpha, Next: SCO, Prev: SGI, Up: problems + +DEC Alpha +--------- + + `Pcb' compiled and runs without problems on `DEC UNIX V3.2c' if you +do the following instead of calling `xmkmf -a': + xmkmf + make Makefiles + make includes + make depend + + +File: pcb.info, Node: SCO, Next: Linux, Prev: DEC Alpha, Up: problems + +SCO Unix +-------- + + John DuBois <spcecdt@deeptht.armory.com> wrote: + `SCO-ODT-3.0' requires the latest version of tls003, the Athena + widget library (available from sosco.sco.com). The main problems + I have encountered are it core dumps fairly often, especially + while loading/dropping elements... + I'll see what I am able to do as soon as I have access to an `SCO' +system. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: Linux, Next: FreeBSD, Prev: SCO, Up: problems + +Linux +----- + + Since the `X11' version of `Pcb' has been developed on a Linux +system here are no known problems. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: FreeBSD, Next: X11, Prev: Linux, Up: problems + +FreeBSD and NetBSD +------------------ + + If `Pcb' complains about syntax errors even in the demo files get +rid of your `lex' and `yacc' implementation. Replace them by `GNU flex' +and `bison'. Don't forget to change the SYS_LIBRARIES in `Imakefile' +from *-ll* to *-lfl*. You also need to define: + YACC = bison -y + LEX = flex + + +File: pcb.info, Node: X11, Next: TeX and Manuals, Prev: FreeBSD, Up: problems + +Problems related to X11 +----------------------- + + There are a some problems related to `X11R4' or systems derived from +`X11' such as `OpenWindows'. *Note Sun::. You at least have to change +all occurances of *baseTranslations* in the resource files to +*translations* if you are using a `X11R4' server. Look at the `X11R5' +*Intrinsics* manual for details. + + The panner widget (print dialog box) appears only in release `X11R5' +and later. It really simplifies adjusting the offsets. With earlier +releases the printout will always appear in the center of the page. + + You may have some problems in a mixed `X11-OpenWindows' environment. +If you want to try it anyway you have to add an additional path for +include files and define another symbol in `Imakefile', + EXTRA_INCLUDES = -I/usr/openwin/include + + `Pcb' has been tested successfully with `X11R6' under Linux 1.1.59 +and later. + + +File: pcb.info, Node: TeX and Manuals, Prev: X11, Up: problems + +Problems related to TeX +----------------------- + + If your `TeX' installation complains about a missing `texinfo.tex' +file copy the one included in this release (directory `doc' to your +`TeX' macro directory. Note, there are probably newer versions of this +file available from some FTP sites. `TeX-3.0' failed, `TeX-3.14' +worked just fine. Check our FTP server *ftp.uni-ulm.de* for +ready-to-print versions of the manuals. + +Index of Resources +****************** + +* Menu: + +* /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/pcb: config.h. +* absoluteGrid: Resources. +* alignmentDistance: Resources. +* allDirectionLines <1>: Resources. +* allDirectionLines: Options. +* backupInterval <1>: Resources. +* backupInterval: Options. +* bloat: Resources. +* charactersPerLine <1>: Resources. +* charactersPerLine: Options. +* connectedColor: Resources. +* crosshairColor: Resources. +* default font: Options. +* DEFAULTFONT: config.h. +* DEFAULTLIBRARY: config.h. +* elementColor: Resources. +* elementCommand <1>: File Formats. +* elementCommand <2>: Resources. +* elementCommand: Options. +* elementContentsCommand: Resources. +* elementPath: Resources. +* elementSelectedColor: Resources. +* EXITCALL: config.h. +* EXTRA_INCLUDES: config.h. +* fileCommand <1>: Options. +* fileCommand <2>: File Formats. +* fileCommand: Resources. +* filePath: Resources. +* fontCommand <1>: Options. +* fontCommand <2>: File Formats. +* fontCommand: Resources. +* fontFile <1>: Options. +* fontFile: Resources. +* fontPath: Resources. +* gm4: config.h. +* grid: Resources. +* gridColor: Resources. +* HAS_REGEX: config.h. +* INFOLIBDIR: config.h. +* invisibleObjectsColor: Resources. +* layerColor: Resources. +* layerGroups <1>: Options. +* layerGroups: Resources. +* layerName: Resources. +* layerSelectedColor: Resources. +* libraryCommand <1>: Options. +* libraryCommand <2>: File Formats. +* libraryCommand: Resources. +* libraryContentsCommand <1>: File Formats. +* libraryContentsCommand: Options. +* libraryFilename <1>: Options. +* libraryFilename: Resources. +* libraryPath <1>: Options. +* libraryPath: Resources. +* lineThickness: Resources. +* media: Resources. +* Mod1: config.h. +* offLimitColor: Resources. +* PATCHES: config.h. +* pinColor: Resources. +* pinoutFont0..4: Resources. +* pinoutNameLength <1>: Options. +* pinoutNameLength: Resources. +* pinoutOffsetX: Resources. +* pinoutOffsetY: Resources. +* pinoutTextOffsetX: Resources. +* pinoutTextOffsetY: Resources. +* pinoutZoom <1>: Resources. +* pinoutZoom: Options. +* pinSelectedColor: Resources. +* printCommand: Resources. +* raiseLogWindow: Resources. +* ratCommand: Resources. +* ratPath: Resources. +* resetAfterElement <1>: Options. +* resetAfterElement: Resources. +* ringBellWhenFinished <1>: Resources. +* ringBellWhenFinished: Options. +* routeStyle <1>: Resources. +* routeStyle: Options. +* rubberBandMode: Resources. +* saveCommand <1>: Options. +* saveCommand <2>: File Formats. +* saveCommand: Resources. +* saveInTMP <1>: Options. +* saveInTMP: Resources. +* saveLastCommand <1>: Resources. +* saveLastCommand: Options. +* shrink: Resources. +* size <1>: Options. +* size: Resources. +* stipplePolygons: Resources. +* SYS_LIBRARIES: config.h. +* textScale: Resources. +* useLogWindow: Resources. +* viaColor: Resources. +* viaDrillingHole: Resources. +* viaSelectedColor: Resources. +* viaThickness: Resources. +* volume <1>: Options. +* volume: Resources. +* warnColor: Resources. +* zoom: Resources. + +Index of Actions, Commands and Options +************************************** + +* Menu: + +* +alldirections: Options. +* +reset: Options. +* +ring: Options. +* +s: Options. +* +save: Options. +* -alldirections: Options. +* -backup: Options. +* -c: Options. +* -copyright: Special Options. +* -fontfile: Options. +* -help: Special Options. +* -lelement: Options. +* -lfile: Options. +* -lfont: Options. +* -lg: Options. +* -libname: Options. +* -libpath: Options. +* -llib: Options. +* -llibcont: Options. +* -loggeometry: Options. +* -pnl: Options. +* -pz: Options. +* -reset: Options. +* -ring: Options. +* -rs: Options. +* -s: Options. +* -save: Options. +* -sfile: Options. +* -size: Options. +* -v: Options. +* -version: Special Options. +* :actionCommand(): User Commands. +* :l: User Commands. +* :le: User Commands. +* :m: User Commands. +* :q: User Commands. +* :rn: User Commands. +* :s: User Commands. +* :w[q]: User Commands. +* AddRats(): Actions. +* Atomic(): Actions. +* Bell(): Actions. +* ChangeDrillSize(): Actions. +* ChangeHole(): Actions. +* ChangeName(): Actions. +* ChangeOctagon(): Actions. +* ChangeSize(): Actions. +* ChangeSquare(): Actions. +* Command(): Actions. +* Connection(): Actions. +* DeleteRats(): Actions. +* Display(): Actions. +* DRC(): Actions. +* EditLayerGroups(): Actions. +* Load(): Actions. +* MarkCrosshair(): Actions. +* Mode(): Actions. +* MovePointer(): Actions. +* MoveToCurrentLayer(): Actions. +* New(): Actions. +* PasteBuffer(): Actions. +* Polygon(): Actions. +* Print(): Actions. +* Quit(): Actions. +* Redo(): Actions. +* RemoveSelected(): Actions. +* Report(): Actions. +* RouteStyle(): Actions. +* Save(): Actions. +* Select(): Actions. +* SetValue(): Actions. +* SwapSides(): Actions. +* SwitchDrawingLayer(): Actions. +* ToggleHideName(): Actions. +* Undo(): Actions. +* Unselect(): Actions. + +Index of Concepts +***************** + +* Menu: + +* /tmp <1>: Options. +* /tmp <2>: Loading and Saving. +* /tmp: Resources. +* about, command button: Menu. +* action command: User Commands. +* actions: Actions. +* Actions, initiating: User Commands. +* alignment: Resources. +* alignment targets: Printing. +* Alpha: DEC Alpha. +* arc: Arc Objects. +* arc, an example: Arcs. +* architecture <1>: SCO. +* architecture <2>: Linux. +* architecture <3>: Sun. +* architecture <4>: DEC Alpha. +* architecture <5>: SGI. +* architecture: HP. +* ASCII files, format of: File Formats. +* Atari version: History. +* atomic: Actions. +* backup <1>: Options. +* backup <2>: Loading and Saving. +* backup <3>: Resources. +* backup <4>: Options. +* backup: Resources. +* basic types: Basic Types. +* bell: Actions. +* bloat: Resources. +* buffer, an example: Pastebuffer. +* buffer, convert contents to element: Elements. +* buffer, popup menu: Menu. +* buffer, selecting a: Actions. +* button translations: Actions. +* cat: Resources. +* centering: Actions. +* change active layer: Control Panel. +* change drawing layer: Actions. +* change object name: Actions. +* change settings: Actions. +* change sizes: Actions. +* change square flag: Actions. +* change viewing side: Actions. +* characters per line <1>: Resources. +* characters per line: Options. +* clipping lines to 45 degree <1>: Resources. +* clipping lines to 45 degree: Actions. +* clipping of lines: Options. +* closing a polygon: Actions. +* color printout: Printing. +* color, warning: Resources. +* colors: Resources. +* command-line options: Command-Line Options. +* compile, how to: compiling. +* config.h: config.h. +* connection, removing an: Translations. +* connections, colors: Resources. +* connections, creating list of: Connection Lists. +* connections, popup menu: Menu. +* connections, reseting: Actions. +* connections, reseting after element <1>: Resources. +* connections, reseting after element: Options. +* connections, searching for: Actions. +* control panel: Control Panel. +* copy an object: Translations. +* copying objects: Actions. +* copying, an example: Moving and Copying. +* copyright: Special Options. +* creating objects: Common. +* cursor color: Resources. +* cursor movements: Actions. +* cursor position: Actions. +* cursor steps: Resources. +* cutting objects: Actions. +* DEC: DEC Alpha. +* default font <1>: Options. +* default font: Resources. +* default layout size: Resources. +* default library: Resources. +* default text scaling: Resources. +* default translations: Translations. +* design rule checking <1>: Actions. +* design rule checking: Design Rule Checking. +* device, selecting an output: Printing. +* directory /tmp <1>: Options. +* directory /tmp <2>: Loading and Saving. +* directory /tmp: Resources. +* display: Resources. +* display, popup menu: Menu. +* displaying element names <1>: Actions. +* displaying element names: Menu. +* displaying pinout: Actions. +* displaying status information: Status-line and Input-field. +* DOS filenames: Printing. +* drawing objects: Drawing and Removing. +* drc <1>: Resources. +* drc <2>: Actions. +* drc: Design Rule Checking. +* drill: Actions. +* drilling hole, changing of objects: Actions. +* drilling hole, setting of initial size: Actions. +* DVI format of manual: manuals. +* element name, hiding: Actions. +* element name, removing from silk-screen: Actions. +* element, an example: Elements. +* element, an overview: Element Objects. +* element, color: Resources. +* element, command <1>: Resources. +* element, command: Options. +* element, creating a new package: Elements. +* element, display names of <1>: Menu. +* element, display names of: Actions. +* element, fileformat: Element File. +* element, files <1>: Options. +* element, files: Resources. +* element, loading to buffer: User Commands. +* element, move name of: Translations. +* entering user commands: User Commands. +* erasing objects: Drawing and Removing. +* example files: Elements. +* example of buffer handling: Pastebuffer. +* example of connection lists: Connection Lists. +* example of copying: Moving and Copying. +* example of creating an element: Elements. +* example of element handling: Elements. +* example of line handling: Lines. +* example of loading: Loading and Saving. +* example of loading an element file: Elements. +* example of moving: Moving and Copying. +* example of pastebuffer handling: Pastebuffer. +* example of pin handling: Elements. +* example of polygon handling: Polygons. +* example of printing: Printing. +* example of rectangle handling: Polygons. +* example of saving: Loading and Saving. +* example of text handling: Text. +* example of via handling: Vias. +* exit <1>: Actions. +* exit: User Commands. +* file format, element data: Element File. +* file format, font data: Font File. +* file format, layout data: Layout File. +* file format, libraries: Library File. +* file format, library contents: Library Contents File. +* file formats: File Formats. +* file formats, basic types: Basic Types. +* file load command <1>: Resources. +* file load command: Options. +* file save command <1>: Resources. +* file save command: Options. +* file, popup menu: Menu. +* font command <1>: Options. +* font command: Resources. +* font file, format of: Font File. +* font files <1>: Resources. +* font files <2>: Options. +* font files: Resources. +* font, an overview: Symbol Objects. +* font, used for pin names: Resources. +* format of element files: Element File. +* format of font files: Font File. +* format of layout files: Layout File. +* format of libraries: Library File. +* format of library contents: Library Contents File. +* FreeBSD: FreeBSD. +* grid <1>: Resources. +* grid: Drawing Area. +* grid color: Resources. +* grid, absolute and relative <1>: Actions. +* grid, absolute and relative: Menu. +* grid, display <1>: Actions. +* grid, display: Menu. +* grid, setting of: Actions. +* groups <1>: Resources. +* groups: Options. +* groups, editing of: Actions. +* Hewlett Packard: HP. +* hide element name: Actions. +* how to start: Getting Started. +* HP: HP. +* info file: manuals. +* information about objects: Actions. +* input-field, position of: Status-line and Input-field. +* inputfield, saving entered command-line <1>: Options. +* inputfield, saving entered command-line: Resources. +* inputfield, start user input: Actions. +* install, how to: compiling. +* key translations: Actions. +* keyboard bell <1>: Resources. +* keyboard bell: Options. +* layer, change active: Actions. +* layer, name of: Resources. +* layers, an overview: Layer Objects. +* layers, changing active one: Control Panel. +* layers, colors: Resources. +* layers, editing of groups: Actions. +* layers, groups <1>: Resources. +* layers, groups: Options. +* layers, switching on/off: Control Panel. +* layout files <1>: Resources. +* layout files <2>: Options. +* layout files <3>: Resources. +* layout files: Options. +* layout files, format of: Layout File. +* layout files, saving of: User Commands. +* layout objects, an overview: Intro. +* layout size: Options. +* layout, default size of: Resources. +* layout, loading a: User Commands. +* layout, loading to buffer: User Commands. +* layout, merging a: User Commands. +* layout, printing a: Actions. +* layout, start a new: Actions. +* layout-name <1>: Element Objects. +* layout-name: User Commands. +* length of a pin name <1>: Resources. +* length of a pin name: Options. +* length of outputline: Options. +* library command <1>: Options. +* library command: Resources. +* library contents command <1>: Options. +* library contents command: Resources. +* library contents file, format of: Library Contents File. +* library file, format of: Library File. +* library name <1>: Resources. +* library name: Options. +* library search path: Options. +* library searchpath: Resources. +* library window: Library Window. +* line clipping: Options. +* linelength: Resources. +* lines, an example: Lines. +* lines, an overview: Line Objects. +* lines, clipping to 45 degree <1>: Resources. +* lines, clipping to 45 degree: Actions. +* lines, setting of initial size: Actions. +* lines, size: Resources. +* Linux: Linux. +* list of connections: Resources. +* listing libraries: Options. +* listing library contents: Resources. +* loading a layout to buffer: User Commands. +* loading elements <1>: Resources. +* loading elements: Options. +* loading elements to buffer: User Commands. +* loading files: Actions. +* loading fonts <1>: Resources. +* loading fonts: Options. +* loading layouts <1>: User Commands. +* loading layouts <2>: Options. +* loading layouts: Resources. +* loading symbols <1>: Resources. +* loading symbols: Options. +* loading, an example: Loading and Saving. +* log window <1>: Options. +* log window <2>: Resources. +* log window: Log Window. +* m4: Resources. +* m4, preprocessing example files: Elements. +* make: make. +* Makefile: config.h. +* manuals: manuals. +* mark: Actions. +* media: Resources. +* media margin: Resources. +* media, size of: Printing. +* menus: Menu. +* merging layouts: User Commands. +* messages <1>: Resources. +* messages <2>: Options. +* messages: Log Window. +* mirroring printout: Printing. +* mode selection: Mode Selectors. +* mode, selecting of: Actions. +* mounting holes: Actions. +* move: Resources. +* move an object: Translations. +* moving objects to current layer: Actions. +* moving, an example: Moving and Copying. +* name of an element: Actions. +* name, change an objects: Actions. +* namelength of pins <1>: Options. +* namelength of pins: Resources. +* NetBSD: FreeBSD. +* netlist <1>: Actions. +* netlist <2>: Resources. +* netlist <3>: User Commands. +* netlist <4>: Rats Nest. +* netlist: Actions. +* object, change name of: Actions. +* object, changing the size of an: Common. +* object, copy an: Translations. +* object, creating an: Common. +* object, drawing and removing: Drawing and Removing. +* object, move an: Translations. +* object, removing an <1>: Translations. +* object, removing an: Common. +* object, selecting an: Menu. +* objects, moving to current layer: Actions. +* objects, popup menu: Menu. +* octagonal pins and vias: Actions. +* off limit color: Resources. +* offset of pinnames: Resources. +* offset of pinout: Resources. +* offset of printout: Printing. +* OpenWindows: Sun. +* operation modes, selecting of: Actions. +* outline printout: Printing. +* output device: Printing. +* outputline, length of: Options. +* overlap, minimum: Design Rule Checking. +* pastebuffer, an example: Pastebuffer. +* pastebuffer, convert contents to element: Elements. +* pastebuffer, popup menu: Menu. +* pastebuffer, selecting a: Actions. +* path for element files: Resources. +* path for font files: Resources. +* path for layout files: Resources. +* path for libraries: Resources. +* PC UNIX <1>: SCO. +* PC UNIX <2>: Linux. +* PC UNIX: FreeBSD. +* pin color: Resources. +* pin, name of <1>: Options. +* pin, name of: Resources. +* pinout of elements: Menu. +* pinout, display of: Actions. +* pinout, font to display pin names: Resources. +* pinout, zoomfactor of display <1>: Resources. +* pinout, zoomfactor of display: Options. +* pins, an example: Elements. +* pins, changing shape of: Actions. +* pointer, moving of: Actions. +* polygon: Resources. +* polygon point, go back to previous: Actions. +* polygon, an example: Polygons. +* polygon, an overview: Polygon Objects. +* polygon, closing a: Actions. +* popping up menus: Menu. +* postprocessing layout data <1>: Resources. +* postprocessing layout data: Options. +* preprocessing element data <1>: Options. +* preprocessing element data: Resources. +* preprocessing font data <1>: Options. +* preprocessing font data: Resources. +* preprocessing layout data <1>: Options. +* preprocessing layout data: Resources. +* preventing loss of data <1>: Loading and Saving. +* preventing loss of data <2>: Options. +* preventing loss of data: Resources. +* print command: Printing. +* print media <1>: Printing. +* print media: Resources. +* print offset: Printing. +* printing: Resources. +* printing a layout: Actions. +* printing, an example: Printing. +* problems: problems. +* quit <1>: Actions. +* quit: User Commands. +* rat-line <1>: Actions. +* rat-line: Rats Nest. +* rats nest <1>: User Commands. +* rats nest <2>: Actions. +* rats nest <3>: Resources. +* rats nest <4>: Actions. +* rats nest: Rats Nest. +* recover: Actions. +* rectangle, an example: Polygons. +* redo: Actions. +* redrawing layout: Actions. +* refreshing layout: Actions. +* release, current: Special Options. +* removing connections: Translations. +* removing objects <1>: Translations. +* removing objects <2>: Drawing and Removing. +* removing objects: Common. +* removing selected objects: Actions. +* report: Actions. +* report, popup menu: Menu. +* reseting found connections <1>: Actions. +* reseting found connections <2>: Options. +* reseting found connections: Resources. +* resources: Resources. +* rotate: Resources. +* rotating a buffer: Actions. +* rotating printout: Printing. +* routing style <1>: Options. +* routing style <2>: Resources. +* routing style: Actions. +* rubberband <1>: Actions. +* rubberband: Resources. +* saving connections: Actions. +* saving files: Actions. +* saving found connections: Actions. +* saving last entered user command <1>: Resources. +* saving last entered user command: Options. +* saving layouts <1>: Loading and Saving. +* saving layouts <2>: Options. +* saving layouts <3>: Resources. +* saving layouts <4>: Options. +* saving layouts: User Commands. +* saving, an example: Loading and Saving. +* scaling a printout: Printing. +* scanning connections: Actions. +* SCO: SCO. +* scrolling: Translations. +* searching connections: Actions. +* searchpath for element files: Resources. +* searchpath for font files: Resources. +* searchpath for layout files: Resources. +* searchpath for libraries: Resources. +* selected object, removing an: Actions. +* selected objects, changing size: Menu. +* selected objects, removing: Menu. +* selecting a buffer: Actions. +* selecting a new mode: Mode Selectors. +* selecting objects <1>: Actions. +* selecting objects: Menu. +* selection: Actions. +* selection, an example: Selection. +* selection, popup menu: Menu. +* SGI: SGI. +* shrink: Resources. +* signal: Actions. +* Silicon Graphics: SGI. +* size of a layout: Options. +* size of lines: Resources. +* size of lines and vias: Actions. +* size of vias: Resources. +* sizes, changing of objects: Actions. +* sizes, popup menu: Menu. +* Solaris: Sun. +* spacing, minimum: Design Rule Checking. +* speaker volume <1>: Resources. +* speaker volume: Options. +* square flag, changing of objects: Actions. +* start user input: Actions. +* starting a new layout: Actions. +* starting Pcb: Command-Line Options. +* status information: Status-line and Input-field. +* strings, an example: Text. +* strings, an overview: Text Objects. +* Sun: Sun. +* symbols <1>: Options. +* symbols: Resources. +* symbols, an overview: Symbol Objects. +* temporary files <1>: Resources. +* temporary files <2>: Options. +* temporary files: Loading and Saving. +* TeX, problems: TeX and Manuals. +* texinfo file: manuals. +* text, an example: Text. +* text, an overview: Text Objects. +* text, default scaling: Resources. +* text, editing: Menu. +* thickness of lines: Resources. +* thickness of objects: Common. +* thickness of vias: Resources. +* thickness, changing of objects: Actions. +* translations <1>: Actions. +* translations: Translations. +* troubleshooting: problems. +* undo: Actions. +* undo, multi-action resources: Actions. +* undo, popup menu: Menu. +* unix command <1>: Options. +* unix command <2>: Resources. +* unix command <3>: Options. +* unix command <4>: Resources. +* unix command <5>: Options. +* unix command <6>: Resources. +* unix command <7>: Options. +* unix command: Resources. +* unselect objects: Actions. +* user commands: User Commands. +* user input: Translations. +* version, current: Special Options. +* vias, an example: Vias. +* vias, an overview: Via Objects. +* vias, changing shape of: Actions. +* vias, color: Resources. +* vias, converting to mounting hole: Actions. +* vias, setting of initial size: Actions. +* vias, size: Resources. +* viewing side, changing of: Actions. +* volume of speaker <1>: Options. +* volume of speaker: Resources. +* X11: X11 Interface. +* X11 default translations: Translations. +* X11 resources: Resources. +* X11 translations: Actions. +* X11, problems: X11. +* xmkmf: config.h. +* zoom of drawing window: Resources. +* zoom of pinout window <1>: Options. +* zoom of pinout window: Resources. +* zoom, setting: Menu. +* zoom, setting of: Actions. + + + +Tag Table: +Node: Top723 +Node: Copying1468 +Node: History2088 +Node: Intro6464 +Node: Symbol Objects7604 +Node: Via Objects8179 +Node: Element Objects8865 +Node: Layer Objects13372 +Node: Line Objects15314 +Node: Arc Objects17330 +Node: Polygon Objects18696 +Node: Text Objects20812 +Node: Getting Started21890 +Node: Application Window23822 +Node: Status-line and Input-field24472 +Node: Control Panel26349 +Node: Mode Selectors28678 +Node: Drawing Area31137 +Node: Menu32120 +Node: Log Window37656 +Node: Library Window38448 +Node: Drawing and Removing38955 +Node: Common42106 +Node: Lines43875 +Node: Arcs45425 +Node: Polygons46597 +Node: Text48478 +Node: Vias49463 +Node: Elements50833 +Node: Pastebuffer56184 +Node: Moving and Copying57883 +Node: Loading and Saving58911 +Node: Printing59987 +Node: Connection Lists64148 +Node: Selection65952 +Node: Rats Nest66796 +Node: Design Rule Checking71884 +Node: User Commands74218 +Node: Command-Line Options78975 +Node: Options79523 +Node: Special Options84130 +Node: X11 Interface84625 +Node: Resources85092 +Node: Actions98785 +Node: Translations122057 +Node: File Formats123597 +Node: Basic Types125267 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b(selected)i(rats)2069 +1815 y(o)163 b(optimize)12 b(all)h(rats)2069 1865 y Fe([S])p +Ff(o)114 b(optimize)12 b(selected)k(rats)p 2837 1905 +V 2016 1907 823 2 v -79 2091 a(Ob)o(viously)d Fe([S])p +Ff(,)g Fe([C])p Ff(,)f Fe([M])p Ff(,)h Fe(F)h Ff(and)g +Fe(Btn)g Ff(mean)f(the)h(shift,)g(con)o(trol,)f(mo)q(di\014er1)f(\(Mo)q +(d1)i(for)g(buttons\),)g(function)f(k)o(ey)h(and)g(mouse)f(button.)p +eop +%%Trailer +end +userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if +%%EOF diff --git a/cad/pcb/patches/patch-ac b/cad/pcb/patches/patch-ac new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ac15884c2d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/cad/pcb/patches/patch-ac @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +$NetBSD: patch-ac,v 1.1 2000/08/31 14:55:32 dmcmahill Exp $ + +don't force the user to have latex for building the docs + +--- doc/Imakefile.orig Wed May 13 06:29:09 1998 ++++ doc/Imakefile Thu Aug 31 10:18:06 2000 +@@ -32,5 +32,5 @@ + */ + +-all:: pcb.man pcb.ps pcb.html pcb.info refcard.ps ++all:: pcb.man + + InstallManPage(pcb,$(MANDIR)) diff --git a/cad/pcb/pkg/PLIST b/cad/pcb/pkg/PLIST index ee8ee0a54c0..024bcfc3c08 100644 --- a/cad/pcb/pkg/PLIST +++ b/cad/pcb/pkg/PLIST @@ -1,5 +1,8 @@ -@comment $NetBSD: PLIST,v 1.1.1.1 1998/11/07 14:30:34 frueauf Exp $ +@comment $NetBSD: PLIST,v 1.2 2000/08/31 14:55:33 dmcmahill Exp $ bin/pcb +@unexec install-info --delete %D/info/pcb.info %D/info/dir +info/pcb.info +@exec install-info %D/info/pcb.info %D/info/dir lib/X11/app-defaults/Pcb lib/X11/pcb/default_font lib/X11/pcb/pcblib @@ -44,5 +47,10 @@ lib/X11/pcb/m4/qfp.inc lib/X11/pcb/m4/plcc.inc lib/X11/pcb/m4/to.inc man/cat1/pcb.0 +share/doc/pcb/index.html +share/doc/pcb/pcb.html +share/doc/pcb/pcb.ps +share/doc/pcb/refcard.ps @dirrm lib/X11/pcb/m4 @dirrm lib/X11/pcb +@dirrm share/doc/pcb |