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Diffstat (limited to 'archivers/libarchive/files/doc/html/bsdtar.1.html')
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1 files changed, 1320 insertions, 1838 deletions
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follo)0 12 Q(wed; the) --.25 E(tar)0 24 Q(get of the link will be archi)-.18 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(d, not the link itself.).15 E(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>h</b><dd>)0 36 Q -(\(c and r mode only\))0 48 Q(Synon)0 60 Q(ym for)-.15 E -(<b>\255</b><b>L</b>.)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 34 34 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>I</b><dd>)0 12 Q(Synon)0 24 -Q(ym for)-.15 E(<b>\255</b><b>T</b>.)0 36 Q -(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>-include</b><i></i><i> pattern</i><dd>)0 48 Q(Pro\ -cess only \214les or directories that match the speci\214ed pattern.)0 -60 Q(Note that e)0 72 Q(xclusions speci\214ed with)-.15 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 35 35 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(<b>\255</b><b>-e)0 12 Q(xclude</b>)-.15 E(tak)0 -24 Q 2.5(ep)-.1 G(recedence o)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(ri).15 G -(nclusions.)-2.5 E(If no inclusions are e)0 36 Q -(xplicitly speci\214ed, all entries are processed by)-.15 E(def)0 48 Q -(ault.)-.1 E(The)0 60 Q(<b>\255</b><b>-include</b>)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 36 36 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -(option is especially useful when \214ltering archi)0 12 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(s.).15 E -.15(Fo)0 24 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(<br>) -0 36 Q( )0 48 Q(<code></code><b>Fl</\ -b><b>c</b><b> \255</b><b>f</b><code></code><code> ne)0 60 Q -.65(w.)-.25 -G(tar</code><b> \255</b><b>-include='*foo*'</b><b></b><b> @</b><code></\ -code><code>old.tgz</code>).65 E(<br>)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 37 37 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(creates a ne)0 12 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G(rchi)-2.5 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(<code></code><code>ne)0 24 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G(tar</code>) -.65 E(containing only the entries from)0 36 Q -(<code></code><code>old.tgz</code>)0 48 Q(containing the string)0 60 Q -(`foo'.)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 38 38 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>j</b><dd>)0 12 Q -(\(c mode only\))0 24 Q(Compress the resulting archi)0 36 Q .3 -.15 -(ve w)-.25 H(ith).15 E(<a href="../html1/bzip2.html">bzip2\(1\)</a>.)0 -48 Q(In e)0 60 Q(xtract or list modes, this option is ignored.)-.15 E -(Note that, unlik)0 72 Q 2.5(eo)-.1 G(ther)-2.5 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 39 39 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(<b>tar</b>)0 12 Q -(implementations, this implementation recognizes bzip2 compression)0 24 -Q(automatically when reading archi)0 36 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(s.).15 E -(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>k</b><dd>)0 48 Q(\(x mode only\))0 60 Q(Do not o)0 -72 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwrite e).15 E(xisting \214les.)-.15 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 40 40 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(In particular)0 12 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(fa\214) --2.5 G(le appears more than once in an archi)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(,).15 -E(later copies will not o)0 24 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwrite earlier copies.) -.15 E(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>-k)0 36 Q(eep-ne)-.1 E(wer)-.25 E -(-\214les</b><dd>)-.2 E(\(x mode only\))0 48 Q(Do not o)0 60 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G(rwrite e).15 E(xisting \214les that are ne)-.15 E(wer than the) --.25 E -.15(ve)0 72 S(rsions appearing in the archi).15 E .3 -.15(ve b) --.25 H(eing e).15 E(xtracted.)-.15 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 41 41 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>L</b><dd>)0 12 Q -(\(c and r mode only\))0 24 Q(All symbolic links will be follo)0 36 Q -(wed.)-.25 E(Normally)0 48 Q 2.5(,s)-.65 G(ymbolic links are archi)-2.5 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(uch.)-2.5 E -.4(Wi)0 60 S -(th this option, the tar).4 E(get of the link will be archi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(di).15 G(nstead.)-2.5 E(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>l</b><dd>)0 -72 Q 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 42 42 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(This is a synon)0 12 Q(ym for the)-.15 E -(<b>\255</b><b>-check-links</b>)0 24 Q(option.)0 36 Q -(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>m</b><dd>)0 48 Q(\(x mode only\))0 60 Q(Do not e)0 -72 Q(xtract modi\214cation time.)-.15 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 43 43 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(By def)0 12 Q -(ault, the modi\214cation time is set to the time stored in the archi) --.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>n</b><dd>)0 24 Q -(\(c, r)0 36 Q 2.5(,um)-.4 G(odes only\))-2.5 E(Do not recursi)0 48 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G(ly archi).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H -(he contents of directories.).15 E(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>-ne)0 60 Q -(wer</b><i></i><i> date</i><dd>)-.25 E(\(c, r)0 72 Q 2.5(,um)-.4 G -(odes only\))-2.5 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 44 44 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Only include \214les and directories ne)0 12 Q -(wer than the speci\214ed date.)-.25 E(This compares ctime entries.)0 24 -Q(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>-ne)0 36 Q(wer)-.25 E -(-mtime</b><i></i><i> date</i><dd>)-.2 E(\(c, r)0 48 Q 2.5(,um)-.4 G -(odes only\))-2.5 E(Lik)0 60 Q(e)-.1 E(<b>\255</b><b>-ne)0 72 Q -(wer</b>,)-.25 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 45 45 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.15(ex)0 12 S -(cept it compares mtime entries instead of ctime entries.).15 E -(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>-ne)0 24 Q(wer)-.25 E -(-than</b><code></code><code> \214le</code><dd>)-.2 E(\(c, r)0 36 Q 2.5 -(,um)-.4 G(odes only\))-2.5 E(Only include \214les and directories ne)0 -48 Q(wer than the speci\214ed \214le.)-.25 E -(This compares ctime entries.)0 60 Q(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>-ne)0 72 Q -(wer)-.25 E(-mtime-than</b><code></code><code> \214le</code><dd>)-.2 E 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 46 46 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(\(c, r)0 12 Q 2.5(,um)-.4 G(odes only\))-2.5 E -(Lik)0 24 Q(e)-.1 E(<b>\255</b><b>-ne)0 36 Q(wer)-.25 E(-than</b>,)-.2 E --.15(ex)0 48 S(cept it compares mtime entries instead of ctime entries.) -.15 E(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>-nodump</b><dd>)0 60 Q -(\(c and r modes only\))0 72 Q 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 47 47 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -(Honor the nodump \214le \215ag by skipping this \214le.)0 12 Q -(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>-null</b><dd>)0 24 Q(\(use with)0 36 Q -(<b>\255</b><b>I</b>,)0 48 Q(<b>\255</b><b>T</b>,)0 60 Q(or)0 72 Q 0 Cg -EP -%%Page: 48 48 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(<b>\255</b><b>X</b>\))0 12 Q -(Filenames or patterns are separated by null characters,)0 24 Q -(not by ne)0 36 Q(wlines.)-.25 E -(This is often used to read \214lenames output by the)0 48 Q -(<b>\255</b><b>print0</b>)0 60 Q(option to)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 49 49 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(<a href="../html1/\214nd.html">\214nd\(1\)</a>.) -0 12 Q(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>-numeric-o)0 24 Q(wner</b><dd>)-.25 E -(\(x mode only\))0 36 Q -(Ignore symbolic user and group names when restoring archi)0 48 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(st).15 G 2.5(od)-2.5 G(isk,)-2.5 E -(only numeric uid and gid v)0 60 Q(alues will be obe)-.25 E(yed.)-.15 E -(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>O</b><dd>)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 50 50 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(\(x, t modes only\))0 12 Q(In e)0 24 Q(xtract \ -\(-x\) mode, \214les will be written to standard out rather than)-.15 E -(being e)0 36 Q(xtracted to disk.)-.15 E(In list \(-t\) mode, the \214l\ -e listing will be written to stderr rather than)0 48 Q -(the usual stdout.)0 60 Q(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>o</b><dd>)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 51 51 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(\(x mode\))0 12 Q -(Use the user and group of the user running the program rather)0 24 Q -(than those speci\214ed in the archi)0 36 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E -(Note that this has no signi\214cance unless)0 48 Q(<b>\255</b><b>p</b>) -0 60 Q(is speci\214ed, and the program is being run by the root user)0 -72 Q(.)-.55 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 52 52 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(In this case, the \214le modes and \215ags from) -0 12 Q(the archi)0 24 Q .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ill be restored, b).15 E -(ut A)-.2 E(CLs or o)-.4 E(wner information in)-.25 E(the archi)0 36 Q -.3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ill be discarded.).15 E -(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>o</b><dd>)0 48 Q(\(c, r)0 60 Q 2.5(,um)-.4 G -(ode\))-2.5 E 2.5(As)0 72 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 53 53 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(<b>\255</b><b>-format</b><i></i><i> ustar</i>)0 -12 Q(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>-one-\214le-system</b><dd>)0 24 Q(\(c, r)0 36 -Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(nd u modes\))-2.5 E(Do not cross mount points.)0 48 Q -(<p><dt><b>\255</b><b>-options</b><i></i><i> options</i><dd>)0 60 Q -(Select optional beha)0 72 Q(viors for particular modules.)-.2 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 54 54 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(The ar)0 12 Q(gument is a te)-.18 E -(xt string containing comma-separated)-.15 E -.1(ke)0 24 S(yw)-.05 E -(ords and v)-.1 E(alues.)-.25 E -(These are passed to the modules that handle particular)0 36 Q -(formats to control ho)0 48 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(hose formats will beha)-2.5 -E -.15(ve)-.2 G(.).15 E(Each option has one of the follo)0 60 Q -(wing forms:)-.25 E(<dl compact>)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 55 55 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(<dt><i></i><i>k)0 12 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(=v).15 E -(alue</i><dd>)-.25 E(The k)0 24 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H -(ill be set to the speci\214ed v).15 E(alue in e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ry module that supports it.).15 E(Modules that do not support this k)0 -36 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(ill ignore it.).15 E(<dt><i></i><i>k)0 48 Q -.15 -(ey)-.1 G(</i><dd>).15 E(The k)0 60 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H -(ill be enabled in e).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry module that supports it.) -.15 E(This is equi)0 72 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 56 56 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(<i></i><i>k)0 12 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(</i><b></b><b>=1</b>.).15 E(<dt><i></i><i>!k)0 24 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(</i><dd>).15 E(The k)0 36 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(ill be disabled in e).15 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry module that supports it.).15 E -(<dt><i></i><i>module:k)0 48 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(=v).15 E -(alue</i><i></i>,<i> module:k)-.25 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(</i><i></i>,<i> module:!k).15 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(</i><dd>).15 E(As abo)0 -60 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,b).15 G(ut the corresponding k)-2.7 E .3 -.15 -(ey a)-.1 H(nd v).15 E(alue will be pro)-.25 E(vided)-.15 E -(only to modules whose name matches)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 57 57 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(<i></i><i>module</i>.)0 12 Q(</dl>)0 24 Q -(The currently supported modules and k)0 36 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sa).15 G -(re:)-2.5 E(<dl compact>)0 48 Q(<dt><b></b><b>iso9660:joliet</b><dd>)0 -60 Q(Support Joliet e)0 72 Q(xtensions.)-.15 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 58 58 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(This is enabled by def)0 12 Q(ault, use)-.1 E -(<b></b><b>!joliet</b>)0 24 Q(or)0 36 Q(<b></b><b>iso9660:!joliet</b>)0 -48 Q(to disable.)0 60 Q(<dt><b></b><b>iso9660:rockridge</b><dd>)0 72 Q 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 59 59 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Support Rock Ridge e)0 12 Q(xtensions.)-.15 E -(This is enabled by def)0 24 Q(ault, use)-.1 E(<b></b><b>!rockridge</b>) -0 36 Q(or)0 48 Q(<b></b><b>iso9660:!rockridge</b>)0 60 Q(to disable.)0 -72 Q 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 60 60 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(<dt><b></b><b>gzip:compression-le)0 12 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l</b><dd>).15 E 2.5(Ad)0 24 S(ecimal inte)-2.5 E -(ger from 0 to 9 specifying the gzip compression le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G(l.).15 E(<dt><b></b><b>xz:compression-le)0 36 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(l</b><dd>).15 E 2.5(Ad)0 48 S(ecimal inte)-2.5 E -(ger from 0 to 9 specifying the xz compression le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(l.).15 E(<dt><b></b><b>mtree:</b><i></i><i>k)0 60 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -.1 -(wo).15 G(rd</i><dd>).1 E(The mtree writer module allo)0 72 Q -(ws you to specify which mtree k)-.25 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -.1(wo).15 G(rds) -.1 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 61 61 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(will be included in the output.)0 12 Q -(Supported k)0 24 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -.1(wo).15 G(rds include:).1 E -(<b></b><b>cksum</b><b></b>,<b> de)0 36 Q(vice</b><b></b>,<b> \215ags</\ -b><b></b>,<b> gid</b><b></b>,<b> gname</b><b></b>,<b> indent</b>,)-.25 E -(<b></b><b>link</b><b></b>,<b> md5</b><b></b>,<b> mode</b><b></b>,<b> n\ -link</b><b></b>,<b> rmd160</b><b></b>,<b> sha1</b><b></b>,<b> sha256</b\ ->,)0 48 Q(<b></b><b>sha384</b><b></b>,<b> sha512</b><b></b>,<b> size</b\ -><b></b>,<b> time</b><b></b>,<b> uid</b><b></b>,<b> uname</b>.)0 60 Q -(The def)0 72 Q(ault is equi)-.1 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to:).25 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 62 62 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.74(``)0 12 S(de).74 E(vice, \215ags, gid, gna\ -me, link, mode, nlink, size, time, type, uid, uname')-.25 E('.)-.74 E -(<dt><b></b><b>mtree:all</b><dd>)0 24 Q(Enables all of the abo)0 36 Q .3 --.15(ve k)-.15 H -.15(ey).05 G -.1(wo).15 G(rds.).1 E -1.1(Yo)0 48 S 2.5 -(uc)1.1 G(an also use)-2.5 E(<b></b><b>mtree:!all</b>)0 60 Q -(to disable all k)0 72 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -.1(wo).15 G(rds.).1 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 63 63 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(<dt><b></b><b>mtree:use-set</b><dd>)0 12 Q -(Enable generation of)0 24 Q(<b></b><b>/set</b>)0 36 Q -(lines in the output.)0 48 Q(<dt><b></b><b>mtree:indent</b><dd>)0 60 Q -(Produce human-readable output by indenting options and splitting lines) -0 72 Q 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 64 64 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(to \214t into 80 columns.)0 12 Q -(<dt><b></b><b>zip:compression</b>=<i></i><i>type</i><dd>)0 24 Q(Use)0 -36 Q(<i></i><i>type</i>)0 48 Q(as compression method.)0 60 Q -(Supported v)0 72 Q -(alues are store \(uncompressed\) and de\215ate \(gzip algorithm\).)-.25 -E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 65 65 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(</dl>)0 12 Q(If a pro)0 24 Q -(vided option is not supported by an)-.15 E 2.5(ym)-.15 G(odule, that) --2.5 E(is a f)0 36 Q(atal error)-.1 E(.)-.55 E 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charset=US-ASCII"> +<meta name="Content-Style" content="text/css"> +<style type="text/css"> + p { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top } + pre { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top } + table { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top } + h1 { text-align: center } +</style> +<title></title> +</head> +<body> + +<hr> + + +<p>TAR(1) BSD General Commands Manual TAR(1)</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>NAME</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;"><b>tar</b> — manipulate +tape archives</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>SYNOPSIS</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:12%;"><b>tar</b> +[<i>bundled-flags </i>⟨</p> + +<p>args ⟩ ] [⟨ <i><br> +file</i> ⟩ | ⟨ <i><br> +pattern</i> ⟩ ...]</p> + +<p style="margin-left:12%;"><b>tar</b> {<b>−c</b>} +[<i>options</i>] +[<i>files </i>| <i>directories</i>] <b><br> +tar</b> {<b>−r </b>| <b>−u</b>} +<b>−f</b> <i>archive-file</i> [<i>options</i>] +[<i>files </i>| <i>directories</i>] <b><br> +tar</b> {<b>−t </b>| <b>−x</b>} +[<i>options</i>] [<i>patterns</i>]</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>DESCRIPTION</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;"><b>tar</b> creates and +manipulates streaming archive files. This implementation can +extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, xar, rpm, 7-zip, +and ISO 9660 cdrom images and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar, +zip, 7-zip, and shar archives.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">The first +synopsis form shows a ’’bundled’’ +option word. This usage is provided for compatibility with +historical implementations. See COMPATIBILITY below for +details.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">The other +synopsis forms show the preferred usage. The first option to +<b>tar</b> is a mode indicator from the following list:</p> + +<p><b>−c</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">Create a new +archive containing the specified items. The long option form +is <b>−−create</b>.</p> + +<p><b>−r</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">Like +<b>−c</b>, but new entries are appended to the +archive. Note that this only works on uncompressed archives +stored in regular files. The <b>−f</b> option is +required. The long option form is +<b>−−append</b>.</p> + +<p><b>−t</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">List archive +contents to stdout. The long option form is +<b>−−list</b>.</p> + +<p><b>−u</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">Like +<b>−r</b>, but new entries are added only if they have +a modification date newer than the corresponding entry in +the archive. Note that this only works on uncompressed +archives stored in regular files. The <b>−f</b> option +is required. The long form is +<b>−−update</b>.</p> + +<p><b>−x</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">Extract to disk +from the archive. If a file with the same name appears more +than once in the archive, each copy will be extracted, with +later copies overwriting (replacing) earlier copies. The +long option form is <b>−−extract</b>.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">In +<b>−c</b>, <b>−r</b>, or <b>−u</b> mode, +each specified file or directory is added to the archive in +the order specified on the command line. By default, the +contents of each directory are also archived.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">In extract or +list mode, the entire command line is read and parsed before +the archive is opened. The pathnames or patterns on the +command line indicate which items in the archive should be +processed. Patterns are shell-style globbing patterns as +documented in tcsh(1).</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>OPTIONS</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;">Unless specifically stated +otherwise, options are applicable in all operating +modes.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>@</b><i>archive</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c and r mode only) The +specified archive is opened and the entries in it will be +appended to the current archive. As a simple example,</p> + +<p style="margin-left:24%;"><b>tar −c −f</b> +<i>- newfile</i> <b>@</b><i>original.tar</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">writes a new archive to +standard output containing a file <i>newfile</i> and all of +the entries from <i>original.tar</i>. In contrast,</p> + +<p style="margin-left:24%;"><b>tar −c −f</b> +<i>- newfile original.tar</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">creates a new archive with only +two entries. Similarly,</p> + +<p style="margin-left:24%;"><b>tar −czf</b> <i>-</i> +<b>−−format pax @</b><i>-</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">reads an archive from standard +input (whose format will be determined automatically) and +converts it into a gzip-compressed pax-format archive on +stdout. In this way, <b>tar</b> can be used to convert +archives from one format to another.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−a</b>, +<b>−−auto-compress</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c mode only) Use the archive +suffix to decide a set of the format and the compressions. +As a simple example,</p> + +<p style="margin-left:24%;"><b>tar −a −cf</b> +<i>archive.tgz source.c source.h</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">creates a new archive with +restricted pax format and gzip compression,</p> + +<p style="margin-left:24%;"><b>tar −a −cf</b> +<i>archive.tar.bz2.uu source.c source.h</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">creates a new archive with +restricted pax format and bzip2 compression and uuencode +compression,</p> + +<p style="margin-left:24%;"><b>tar −a −cf</b> +<i>archive.zip source.c source.h</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">creates a new archive with zip +format,</p> + +<p style="margin-left:24%;"><b>tar −a −jcf</b> +<i>archive.tgz source.c source.h</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">ignores the +’’-j’’ option, and creates a new +archive with restricted pax format and gzip compression,</p> + +<p style="margin-left:24%;"><b>tar −a −jcf</b> +<i>archive.xxx source.c source.h</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">if it is unknown suffix or no +suffix, creates a new archive with restricted pax format and +bzip2 compression.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−B</b>, +<b>−−read-full-blocks</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Ignored for compatibility with +other tar(1) implementations.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−b</b> +<i>blocksize</i>, <b>−−block-size</b> +<i>blocksize</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Specify the block size, in +512-byte records, for tape drive I/O. As a rule, this +argument is only needed when reading from or writing to tape +drives, and usually not even then as the default block size +of 20 records (10240 bytes) is very common.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−C</b> +<i>directory</i>, <b>−−cd</b> <i>directory</i>, +<b>−−directory</b> <i>directory</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">In c and r mode, this changes +the directory before adding the following files. In x mode, +change directories after opening the archive but before +extracting entries from the archive.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−chroot</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(x mode only) <b>chroot</b>() +to the current directory after processing any +<b>−C</b> options and before extracting any files.</p> + + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−clear-nochange-fflags</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(x mode only) Before removing +file system objects to replace them, clear platform-specific +file flags that might prevent removal.</p> + + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−disable-copyfile</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Mac OS X specific. Disable the +use of copyfile(3).</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−exclude</b> +<i>pattern</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Do not process files or +directories that match the specified pattern. Note that +exclusions take precedence over patterns or filenames +specified on the command line.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−format</b> +<i>format</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c, r, u mode only) Use the +specified format for the created archive. Supported formats +include ’’cpio’’, +’’pax’’, +’’shar’’, and +’’ustar’’. Other formats may also be +supported; see libarchive-formats(5) for more information +about currently-supported formats. In r and u modes, when +extending an existing archive, the format specified here +must be compatible with the format of the existing archive +on disk.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−f</b> <i>file</i>, +<b>−−file</b> <i>file</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Read the archive from or write +the archive to the specified file. The filename can be +<i>-</i> for standard input or standard output. The default +varies by system; on FreeBSD, the default is +<i>/dev/sa0</i>; on Linux, the default is +<i>/dev/st0</i>.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−gid</b> +<i>id</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Use the provided group id +number. On extract, this overrides the group id in the +archive; the group name in the archive will be ignored. On +create, this overrides the group id read from disk; if +<b>−−gname</b> is not also specified, the group +name will be set to match the group id.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−gname</b> +<i>name</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Use the provided group name. On +extract, this overrides the group name in the archive; if +the provided group name does not exist on the system, the +group id (from the archive or from the +<b>−−gid</b> option) will be used instead. On +create, this sets the group name that will be stored in the +archive; the name will not be verified against the system +group database.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−H</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">(c and r mode +only) Symbolic links named on the command line will be +followed; the target of the link will be archived, not the +link itself.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−h</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">(c and r mode +only) Synonym for <b>−L</b>.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−I</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">Synonym for +<b>−T</b>.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−help</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">Show usage.</p> + + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−hfsCompression</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(x mode only) Mac OS X +specific(v10.6 or later). Compress extracted regular files +with HFS+ compression.</p> + + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−ignore-zeros</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">An alias of +<b>−−options read_concatenated_archives</b> for +compatibility with GNU tar.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−include</b> +<i>pattern</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Process only files or +directories that match the specified pattern. Note that +exclusions specified with <b>−−exclude</b> take +precedence over inclusions. If no inclusions are explicitly +specified, all entries are processed by default. The +<b>−−include</b> option is especially useful +when filtering archives. For example, the command</p> + +<p style="margin-left:24%;"><b>tar −c −f</b> +<i>new.tar</i> <b>−−include=’*foo*’ +@</b><i>old.tgz</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">creates a new archive +<i>new.tar</i> containing only the entries from +<i>old.tgz</i> containing the string ’foo’.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−J</b>, +<b>−−xz</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c mode only) Compress the +resulting archive with xz(1). In extract or list modes, this +option is ignored. Note that, unlike other <b>tar</b> +implementations, this implementation recognizes XZ +compression automatically when reading archives.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−j</b>, +<b>−−bzip</b>, <b>−−bzip2</b>, +<b>−−bunzip2</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c mode only) Compress the +resulting archive with bzip2(1). In extract or list modes, +this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other <b>tar</b> +implementations, this implementation recognizes bzip2 +compression automatically when reading archives.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−k</b>, +<b>−−keep-old-files</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(x mode only) Do not overwrite +existing files. In particular, if a file appears more than +once in an archive, later copies will not overwrite earlier +copies.</p> + + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−keep-newer-files</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(x mode only) Do not overwrite +existing files that are newer than the versions appearing in +the archive being extracted.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−L</b>, +<b>−−dereference</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c and r mode only) All +symbolic links will be followed. Normally, symbolic links +are archived as such. With this option, the target of the +link will be archived instead.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−l</b>, +<b>−−check-links</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c and r modes only) Issue a +warning message unless all links to each file are +archived.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−lrzip</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c mode only) Compress the +resulting archive with lrzip(1). In extract or list modes, +this option is ignored.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−lz4</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">(c mode only) +Compress the archive with lz4-compatible compression before +writing it. In input mode, this option is ignored; lz4 +compression is recognized automatically on input.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−lzma</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">(c mode only) +Compress the resulting archive with the original LZMA +algorithm. Use of this option is discouraged and new +archives should be created with <b>−−xz</b> +instead. Note that, unlike other <b>tar</b> implementations, +this implementation recognizes LZMA compression +automatically when reading archives.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−lzop</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">(c mode only) +Compress the resulting archive with lzop(1). In extract or +list modes, this option is ignored.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−m</b>, +<b>−−modification-time</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(x mode only) Do not extract +modification time. By default, the modification time is set +to the time stored in the archive.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−n</b>, +<b>−−norecurse</b>, +<b>−−no-recursion</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c, r, u modes only) Do not +recursively archive the contents of directories.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−newer</b> +<i>date</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c, r, u modes only) Only +include files and directories newer than the specified date. +This compares ctime entries.</p> + + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−newer-mtime</b> +<i>date</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c, r, u modes only) Like +<b>−−newer</b>, except it compares mtime entries +instead of ctime entries.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−newer-than</b> +<i>file</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c, r, u modes only) Only +include files and directories newer than the specified file. +This compares ctime entries.</p> + + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−newer-mtime-than</b> +<i>file</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c, r, u modes only) Like +<b>−−newer-than</b>, except it compares mtime +entries instead of ctime entries.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−nodump</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c and r modes only) Honor the +nodump file flag by skipping this file.</p> + + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−nopreserveHFSCompression</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(x mode only) Mac OS X +specific(v10.6 or later). Do not compress extracted regular +files which were compressed with HFS+ compression before +archived. By default, compress the regular files again with +HFS+ compression.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−null</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">(use with +<b>−I</b> or <b>−T</b>) Filenames or patterns +are separated by null characters, not by newlines. This is +often used to read filenames output by the +<b>−print0</b> option to find(1).</p> + + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−no-same-owner</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(x mode only) Do not extract +owner and group IDs. This is the reverse of +<b>−−same-owner</b> and the default behavior if +<b>tar</b> is run as non-root.</p> + + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−no-same-permissions</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(x mode only) Do not extract +full permissions (SGID, SUID, sticky bit, ACLs, extended +attributes or extended file flags). This is the reverse of +<b>−p</b> and the default behavior if <b>tar</b> is +run as non-root.</p> + + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−numeric-owner</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">This is equivalent to +<b>−−uname</b> "" +<b>−−gname</b> "". On extract, it +causes user and group names in the archive to be ignored in +favor of the numeric user and group ids. On create, it +causes user and group names to not be stored in the +archive.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−O</b>, +<b>−−to-stdout</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(x, t modes only) In extract +(-x) mode, files will be written to standard out rather than +being extracted to disk. In list (-t) mode, the file listing +will be written to stderr rather than the usual stdout.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−o</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">(x mode) Use +the user and group of the user running the program rather +than those specified in the archive. Note that this has no +significance unless <b>−p</b> is specified, and the +program is being run by the root user. In this case, the +file modes and flags from the archive will be restored, but +ACLs or owner information in the archive will be +discarded.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−o</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">(c, r, u mode) +A synonym for <b>−−format</b> <i>ustar</i></p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−older</b> +<i>date</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c, r, u modes only) Only +include files and directories older than the specified date. +This compares ctime entries.</p> + + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−older-mtime</b> +<i>date</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c, r, u modes only) Like +<b>−−older</b>, except it compares mtime entries +instead of ctime entries.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−older-than</b> +<i>file</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c, r, u modes only) Only +include files and directories older than the specified file. +This compares ctime entries.</p> + + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−older-mtime-than</b> +<i>file</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c, r, u modes only) Like +<b>−−older-than</b>, except it compares mtime +entries instead of ctime entries.</p> + + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−one-file-system</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c, r, and u modes) Do not +cross mount points.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−options</b> +<i>options</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Select optional behaviors for +particular modules. The argument is a text string containing +comma-separated keywords and values. These are passed to the +modules that handle particular formats to control how those +formats will behave. Each option has one of the following +forms:</p> + +<p><i>key=value</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">The key will be set to the +specified value in every module that supports it. Modules +that do not support this key will ignore it.</p> + +<p><i>key</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%; margin-top: 1em">The key will be +enabled in every module that supports it. This is equivalent +to <i>key</i><b>=1</b>.</p> + +<p><i>!key</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%; margin-top: 1em">The key will be +disabled in every module that supports it.</p> + +<p><i>module:key=value</i>, <i>module:key</i>, +<i>module:!key</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">As above, but the corresponding +key and value will be provided only to modules whose name +matches <i>module</i>.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">The currently supported modules +and keys are:</p> + +<p><b>iso9660:joliet</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">Support Joliet extensions. This +is enabled by default, use <b>!joliet</b> or +<b>iso9660:!joliet</b> to disable.</p> + +<p><b>iso9660:rockridge</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">Support Rock Ridge extensions. +This is enabled by default, use <b>!rockridge</b> or +<b>iso9660:!rockridge</b> to disable.</p> + +<p><b>gzip:compression-level</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">A decimal integer from 1 to 9 +specifying the gzip compression level.</p> + +<p><b>gzip:timestamp</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">Store timestamp. This is +enabled by default, use <b>!timestamp</b> or +<b>gzip:!timestamp</b> to disable.</p> + +<p><b>lrzip:compression</b>=<i>type</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">Use <i>type</i> as compression +method. Supported values are bzip2, gzip, lzo (ultra fast), +and zpaq (best, extremely slow).</p> + +<p><b>lrzip:compression-level</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">A decimal integer from 1 to 9 +specifying the lrzip compression level.</p> + +<p><b>lz4:compression-level</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">A decimal integer from 1 to 9 +specifying the lzop compression level.</p> + +<p><b>lz4:stream-checksum</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">Enable stream checksum. This is +by default, use <b>lz4:!stream-checksum</b> to disable.</p> + +<p><b>lz4:block-checksum</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">Enable block checksum (Disabled +by default).</p> + +<p><b>lz4:block-size</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">A decimal integer from 4 to 7 +specifying the lz4 compression block size (7 is set by +default).</p> + +<p><b>lz4:block-dependence</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">Use the previous block of the +block being compressed for a compression dictionary to +improve compression ratio.</p> + +<p><b>lzop:compression-level</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">A decimal integer from 1 to 9 +specifying the lzop compression level.</p> + +<p><b>xz:compression-level</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">A decimal integer from 0 to 9 +specifying the xz compression level.</p> + +<p><b>mtree:</b><i>keyword</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">The mtree writer module allows +you to specify which mtree keywords will be included in the +output. Supported keywords include: <b>cksum</b>, +<b>device</b>, <b>flags</b>, <b>gid</b>, <b>gname</b>, +<b>indent</b>, <b>link</b>, <b>md5</b>, <b>mode</b>, +<b>nlink</b>, <b>rmd160</b>, <b>sha1</b>, <b>sha256</b>, +<b>sha384</b>, <b>sha512</b>, <b>size</b>, <b>time</b>, +<b>uid</b>, <b>uname</b>. The default is equivalent to: +’’device, flags, gid, gname, link, mode, nlink, +size, time, type, uid, uname’’.</p> + +<p><b>mtree:all</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">Enables all of the above +keywords. You can also use <b>mtree:!all</b> to disable all +keywords.</p> + +<p><b>mtree:use-set</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">Enable generation of +<b>/set</b> lines in the output.</p> + +<p><b>mtree:indent</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">Produce human-readable output +by indenting options and splitting lines to fit into 80 +columns.</p> + +<p><b>zip:compression</b>=<i>type</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">Use <i>type</i> as compression +method. Supported values are store (uncompressed) and +deflate (gzip algorithm).</p> + +<p><b>zip:encryption</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">Enable encryption using +traditional zip encryption.</p> + +<p><b>zip:encryption</b>=<i>type</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">Use <i>type</i> as encryption +type. Supported values are zipcrypt (traditional zip +encryption), aes128 (WinZip AES-128 encryption) and aes256 +(WinZip AES-256 encryption).</p> + +<p><b>read_concatenated_archives</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:27%;">Ignore zeroed blocks in the +archive, which occurs when multiple tar archives have been +concatenated together. Without this option, only the +contents of the first concatenated archive would be read. +This option is comparable to the <b>−i</b>, +<b>−−ignore-zeros</b> option of GNU tar.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">If a provided option is not +supported by any module, that is a fatal error.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−P</b>, +<b>−−absolute-paths</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Preserve pathnames. By default, +absolute pathnames (those that begin with a / character) +have the leading slash removed both when creating archives +and extracting from them. Also, <b>tar</b> will refuse to +extract archive entries whose pathnames contain <i>..</i> or +whose target directory would be altered by a symlink. This +option suppresses these behaviors.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−p</b>, +<b>−−insecure</b>, +<b>−−preserve-permissions</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(x mode only) Preserve file +permissions. Attempt to restore the full permissions, +including owner, file modes, file flags and ACLs, if +available, for each item extracted from the archive. This is +the default, if <b>tar</b> is being run by root and can be +overridden by also specifying +<b>−−no-same-owner</b> and +<b>−−no-same-permissions</b>.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−passphrase</b> +<i>passphrase</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">The <i>passphrase</i> is used +to extract or create an encrypted archive. Currently, zip is +the only supported format that supports encryption. You +shouldn’t use this option unless you realize how +insecure use of this option is.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−posix</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c, r, u mode only) Synonym for +<b>−−format</b> <i>pax</i></p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−q</b>, +<b>−−fast-read</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(x and t mode only) Extract or +list only the first archive entry that matches each pattern +or filename operand. Exit as soon as each specified pattern +or filename has been matched. By default, the archive is +always read to the very end, since there can be multiple +entries with the same name and, by convention, later entries +overwrite earlier entries. This option is provided as a +performance optimization.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−S</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">(x mode only) +Extract files as sparse files. For every block on disk, +check first if it contains only NULL bytes and seek over it +otherwise. This works similar to the conv=sparse option of +dd.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−s</b> +<i>pattern</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Modify file or archive member +names according to <i>pattern</i>. The pattern has the +format <i>/old/new/</i>[ghHprRsS] where <i>old</i> is a +basic regular expression, <i>new</i> is the replacement +string of the matched part, and the optional trailing +letters modify how the replacement is handled. If <i>old</i> +is not matched, the pattern is skipped. Within <i>new</i>, ~ +is substituted with the match, \1 to \9 with the content of +the corresponding captured group. The optional trailing g +specifies that matching should continue after the matched +part and stop on the first unmatched pattern. The optional +trailing s specifies that the pattern applies to the value +of symbolic links. The optional trailing p specifies that +after a successful substitution the original path name and +the new path name should be printed to standard error. +Optional trailing H, R, or S characters suppress +substitutions for hardlink targets, regular filenames, or +symlink targets, respectively. Optional trailing h, r, or s +characters enable substitutions for hardlink targets, +regular filenames, or symlink targets, respectively. The +default is <i>hrs</i> which applies substitutions to all +names. In particular, it is never necessary to specify h, r, +or s.</p> + + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−same-owner</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(x mode only) Extract owner and +group IDs. This is the reverse of +<b>−−no-same-owner</b> and the default behavior +if <b>tar</b> is run as root.</p> + + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−strip-components</b> +<i>count</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Remove the specified number of +leading path elements. Pathnames with fewer elements will be +silently skipped. Note that the pathname is edited after +checking inclusion/exclusion patterns but before security +checks.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−T</b> <i>filename</i>, +<b>−−files-from</b> <i>filename</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">In x or t mode, <b>tar</b> will +read the list of names to be extracted from <i>filename</i>. +In c mode, <b>tar</b> will read names to be archived from +<i>filename</i>. The special name +’’-C’’ on a line by itself will +cause the current directory to be changed to the directory +specified on the following line. Names are terminated by +newlines unless <b>−−null</b> is specified. Note +that <b>−−null</b> also disables the special +handling of lines containing ’’-C’’. +Note: If you are generating lists of files using find(1), +you probably want to use <b>−n</b> as well.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−totals</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c, r, u mode only) After +archiving all files, print a summary to stderr.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−U</b>, +<b>−−unlink</b>, +<b>−−unlink-first</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(x mode only) Unlink files +before creating them. This can be a minor performance +optimization if most files already exist, but can make +things slower if most files do not already exist. This flag +also causes <b>tar</b> to remove intervening directory +symlinks instead of reporting an error. See the SECURITY +section below for more details.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−uid</b> +<i>id</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Use the provided user id number +and ignore the user name from the archive. On create, if +<b>−−uname</b> is not also specified, the user +name will be set to match the user id.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−uname</b> +<i>name</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Use the provided user name. On +extract, this overrides the user name in the archive; if the +provided user name does not exist on the system, it will be +ignored and the user id (from the archive or from the +<b>−−uid</b> option) will be used instead. On +create, this sets the user name that will be stored in the +archive; the name is not verified against the system user +database.</p> + + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−use-compress-program</b> +<i>program</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Pipe the input (in x or t mode) +or the output (in c mode) through <i>program</i> instead of +using the builtin compression support.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−v</b>, +<b>−−verbose</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Produce verbose output. In +create and extract modes, <b>tar</b> will list each file +name as it is read from or written to the archive. In list +mode, <b>tar</b> will produce output similar to that of +ls(1). An additional <b>−v</b> option will also +provide ls-like details in create and extract mode.</p> + + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−−version</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Print version of <b>tar</b> and +<b>libarchive</b>, and exit.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−w</b>, +<b>−−confirmation</b>, +<b>−−interactive</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Ask for confirmation for every +action.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−X</b> <i>filename</i>, +<b>−−exclude-from</b> <i>filename</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Read a list of exclusion +patterns from the specified file. See +<b>−−exclude</b> for more information about the +handling of exclusions.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−y</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">(c mode only) +Compress the resulting archive with bzip2(1). In extract or +list modes, this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other +<b>tar</b> implementations, this implementation recognizes +bzip2 compression automatically when reading archives.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−Z</b>, +<b>−−compress</b>, +<b>−−uncompress</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c mode only) Compress the +resulting archive with compress(1). In extract or list +modes, this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other +<b>tar</b> implementations, this implementation recognizes +compress compression automatically when reading +archives.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>−z</b>, +<b>−−gunzip</b>, <b>−−gzip</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">(c mode only) Compress the +resulting archive with gzip(1). In extract or list modes, +this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other <b>tar</b> +implementations, this implementation recognizes gzip +compression automatically when reading archives.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>ENVIRONMENT</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;">The following environment +variables affect the execution of <b>tar</b>:</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em">TAR_READER_OPTIONS</p> + +<p style="margin-left:21%;">The default options for format +readers and compression readers. The +<b>−−options</b> option overrides this.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em">TAR_WRITER_OPTIONS</p> + +<p style="margin-left:21%;">The default options for format +writers and compression writers. The +<b>−−options</b> option overrides this.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em">LANG</p> + +<p style="margin-left:21%; margin-top: 1em">The locale to +use. See environ(7) for more information.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em">TAPE</p> + +<p style="margin-left:21%; margin-top: 1em">The default +device. The <b>−f</b> option overrides this. Please +see the description of the <b>−f</b> option above for +more details.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em">TZ</p> + +<p style="margin-left:21%; margin-top: 1em">The timezone to +use when displaying dates. See environ(7) for more +information.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>EXIT STATUS</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;">The <b>tar</b> utility +exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error +occurs.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>EXAMPLES</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;">The following creates a new +archive called <i>file.tar.gz</i> that contains two files +<i>source.c</i> and <i>source.h</i>:</p> + +<p style="margin-left:14%;"><b>tar −czf</b> +<i>file.tar.gz source.c source.h</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">To view a +detailed table of contents for this archive:</p> + +<p style="margin-left:14%;"><b>tar −tvf</b> +<i>file.tar.gz</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">To extract all +entries from the archive on the default tape drive:</p> + +<p style="margin-left:14%;"><b>tar −x</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">To examine the +contents of an ISO 9660 cdrom image:</p> + +<p style="margin-left:14%;"><b>tar −tf</b> +<i>image.iso</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">To move file +hierarchies, invoke <b>tar</b> as</p> + +<p style="margin-left:14%;"><b>tar −cf</b> <i>-</i> +<b>−C</b> <i>srcdir .</i> | <b>tar −xpf</b> +<i>-</i> <b>−C</b> <i>destdir</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;">or more traditionally</p> + +<p style="margin-left:14%;">cd srcdir ; <b>tar +−cf</b> <i>- .</i> | (<i>cd destdir ;</i> <b>tar +−xpf</b> <i>-</i>)</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">In create mode, +the list of files and directories to be archived can also +include directory change instructions of the form +<b>-C</b><i>foo/baz</i> and archive inclusions of the form +<b>@</b><i>archive-file</i>. For example, the command +line</p> + +<p style="margin-left:14%;"><b>tar −c −f</b> +<i>new.tar foo1</i> <b>@</b><i>old.tgz</i> <b>-C</b><i>/tmp +foo2</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;">will create a new archive +<i>new.tar</i>. <b>tar</b> will read the file <i>foo1</i> +from the current directory and add it to the output archive. +It will then read each entry from <i>old.tgz</i> and add +those entries to the output archive. Finally, it will switch +to the <i>/tmp</i> directory and add <i>foo2</i> to the +output archive.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">An input file in +mtree(5) format can be used to create an output archive with +arbitrary ownership, permissions, or names that differ from +existing data on disk:</p> + +<p style="margin-left:14%; margin-top: 1em">$ cat +input.mtree <br> +#mtree <br> +usr/bin uid=0 gid=0 mode=0755 type=dir <br> +usr/bin/ls uid=0 gid=0 mode=0755 type=file content=myls <br> +$ tar -cvf output.tar @input.mtree</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">The +<b>−−newer</b> and +<b>−−newer-mtime</b> switches accept a variety +of common date and time specifications, including +’’12 Mar 2005 7:14:29pm’’, +’’2005-03-12 19:14’’, +’’5 minutes ago’’, and +’’19:14 PST May 1’’.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">The +<b>−−options</b> argument can be used to control +various details of archive generation or reading. For +example, you can generate mtree output which only contains +<b>type</b>, <b>time</b>, and <b>uid</b> keywords:</p> + +<p style="margin-left:14%;"><b>tar −cf</b> +<i>file.tar</i> <b>−−format=mtree +−−options=’!all,type,time,uid’</b> +<i>dir</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;">or you can set the compression +level used by gzip or xz compression:</p> + +<p style="margin-left:14%;"><b>tar −czf</b> +<i>file.tar</i> +<b>−−options=’compression-level=9’</b>.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;">For more details, see the +explanation of the <b>archive_read_set_options</b>() and +<b>archive_write_set_options</b>() API calls that are +described in archive_read(3) and archive_write(3).</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>COMPATIBILITY</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;">The bundled-arguments format is +supported for compatibility with historic implementations. +It consists of an initial word (with no leading - character) +in which each character indicates an option. Arguments +follow as separate words. The order of the arguments must +match the order of the corresponding characters in the +bundled command word. For example,</p> + +<p style="margin-left:14%;"><b>tar tbf 32</b> +<i>file.tar</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;">specifies three flags <b>t</b>, +<b>b</b>, and <b>f</b>. The <b>b</b> and <b>f</b> flags both +require arguments, so there must be two additional items on +the command line. The <i>32</i> is the argument to the +<b>b</b> flag, and <i>file.tar</i> is the argument to the +<b>f</b> flag.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">The mode options +c, r, t, u, and x and the options b, f, l, m, o, v, and w +comply with SUSv2.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">For maximum +portability, scripts that invoke <b>tar</b> should use the +bundled-argument format above, should limit themselves to +the <b>c</b>, <b>t</b>, and <b>x</b> modes, and the +<b>b</b>, <b>f</b>, <b>m</b>, <b>v</b>, and <b>w</b> +options.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">Additional long +options are provided to improve compatibility with other tar +implementations.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>SECURITY</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;">Certain security issues are +common to many archiving programs, including <b>tar</b>. In +particular, carefully-crafted archives can request that +<b>tar</b> extract files to locations outside of the target +directory. This can potentially be used to cause unwitting +users to overwrite files they did not intend to overwrite. +If the archive is being extracted by the superuser, any file +on the system can potentially be overwritten. There are +three ways this can happen. Although <b>tar</b> has +mechanisms to protect against each one, savvy users should +be aware of the implications:</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>•</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Archive entries can have +absolute pathnames. By default, <b>tar</b> removes the +leading <i>/</i> character from filenames before restoring +them to guard against this problem.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>•</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Archive entries can have +pathnames that include <i>..</i> components. By default, +<b>tar</b> will not extract files containing <i>..</i> +components in their pathname.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>•</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:17%;">Archive entries can exploit +symbolic links to restore files to other directories. An +archive can restore a symbolic link to another directory, +then use that link to restore a file into that directory. To +guard against this, <b>tar</b> checks each extracted path +for symlinks. If the final path element is a symlink, it +will be removed and replaced with the archive entry. If +<b>−U</b> is specified, any intermediate symlink will +also be unconditionally removed. If neither <b>−U</b> +nor <b>−P</b> is specified, <b>tar</b> will refuse to +extract the entry.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;">To protect yourself, you should +be wary of any archives that come from untrusted sources. +You should examine the contents of an archive with</p> + +<p style="margin-left:14%;"><b>tar −tf</b> +<i>filename</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;">before extraction. You should +use the <b>−k</b> option to ensure that <b>tar</b> +will not overwrite any existing files or the <b>−U</b> +option to remove any pre-existing files. You should +generally not extract archives while running with super-user +privileges. Note that the <b>−P</b> option to +<b>tar</b> disables the security checks above and allows you +to extract an archive while preserving any absolute +pathnames, <i>..</i> components, or symlinks to other +directories.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>SEE ALSO</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;">bzip2(1), compress(1), cpio(1), +gzip(1), mt(1), pax(1), shar(1), xz(1), libarchive(3), +libarchive-formats(5), tar(5)</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>STANDARDS</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;">There is no current POSIX +standard for the tar command; it appeared in ISO/IEC +9945-1:1996 (’’POSIX.1’’) but was +dropped from IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 +(’’POSIX.1’’). The options supported +by this implementation were developed by surveying a number +of existing tar implementations as well as the old POSIX +specification for tar and the current POSIX specification +for pax.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">The ustar and +pax interchange file formats are defined by IEEE Std +1003.1-2001 (’’POSIX.1’’) for the +pax command.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>HISTORY</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;">A <b>tar</b> command appeared in +Seventh Edition Unix, which was released in January, 1979. +There have been numerous other implementations, many of +which extended the file format. John Gilmore’s +<b>pdtar</b> public-domain implementation (circa November, +1987) was quite influential, and formed the basis of GNU +tar. GNU tar was included as the standard system tar in +FreeBSD beginning with FreeBSD 1.0.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">This is a +complete re-implementation based on the libarchive(3) +library. It was first released with FreeBSD 5.4 in May, +2005.</p> + +<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>BUGS</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;">This program follows ISO/IEC +9945-1:1996 (’’POSIX.1’’) for the +definition of the <b>−l</b> option. Note that GNU tar +prior to version 1.15 treated <b>−l</b> as a synonym +for the <b>−−one-file-system</b> option.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">The +<b>−C</b> <i>dir</i> option may differ from historic +implementations.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">All archive +output is written in correctly-sized blocks, even if the +output is being compressed. Whether or not the last output +block is padded to a full block size varies depending on the +format and the output device. For tar and cpio formats, the +last block of output is padded to a full block size if the +output is being written to standard output or to a character +or block device such as a tape drive. If the output is being +written to a regular file, the last block will not be +padded. Many compressors, including gzip(1) and bzip2(1), +complain about the null padding when decompressing an +archive created by <b>tar</b>, although they still extract +it correctly.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">The compression +and decompression is implemented internally, so there may be +insignificant differences between the compressed output +generated by</p> + +<p style="margin-left:14%;"><b>tar −czf</b> <i>- +file</i></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%;">and that generated by</p> + +<p style="margin-left:14%;"><b>tar −cf</b> <i>- +file</i> | <b>gzip</b></p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">The default +should be to read and write archives to the standard I/O +paths, but tradition (and POSIX) dictates otherwise.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">The <b>r</b> and +<b>u</b> modes require that the archive be uncompressed and +located in a regular file on disk. Other archives can be +modified using <b>c</b> mode with the <i>@archive-file</i> +extension.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">To archive a +file called <i>@foo</i> or <i>-foo</i> you must specify it +as <i>./@foo</i> or <i>./-foo</i>, respectively.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">In create mode, +a leading <i>./</i> is always removed. A leading <i>/</i> is +stripped unless the <b>−P</b> option is specified.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">There needs to +be better support for file selection on both create and +extract.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">There is not yet +any support for multi-volume archives.</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">Converting +between dissimilar archive formats (such as tar and cpio) +using the <b>@</b><i>-</i> convention can cause hard link +information to be lost. (This is a consequence of the +incompatible ways that different archive formats store +hardlink information.)</p> + +<p style="margin-left:6%; margin-top: 1em">BSD +September 16, 2014 BSD</p> +<hr> +</body> +</html> |