summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/doc/pkgsrc.txt
blob: 4c58abcfc81dbf355b15efa5490d41b886bb2051 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
3040
3041
3042
3043
3044
3045
3046
3047
3048
3049
3050
3051
3052
3053
3054
3055
3056
3057
3058
3059
3060
3061
3062
3063
3064
3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101
3102
3103
3104
3105
3106
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
3120
3121
3122
3123
3124
3125
3126
3127
3128
3129
3130
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
3151
3152
3153
3154
3155
3156
3157
3158
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
3169
3170
3171
3172
3173
3174
3175
3176
3177
3178
3179
3180
3181
3182
3183
3184
3185
3186
3187
3188
3189
3190
3191
3192
3193
3194
3195
3196
3197
3198
3199
3200
3201
3202
3203
3204
3205
3206
3207
3208
3209
3210
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3216
3217
3218
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
3230
3231
3232
3233
3234
3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241
3242
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250
3251
3252
3253
3254
3255
3256
3257
3258
3259
3260
3261
3262
3263
3264
3265
3266
3267
3268
3269
3270
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3276
3277
3278
3279
3280
3281
3282
3283
3284
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
3296
3297
3298
3299
3300
3301
3302
3303
3304
3305
3306
3307
3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
3313
3314
3315
3316
3317
3318
3319
3320
3321
3322
3323
3324
3325
3326
3327
3328
3329
3330
3331
3332
3333
3334
3335
3336
3337
3338
3339
3340
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
3362
3363
3364
3365
3366
3367
3368
3369
3370
3371
3372
3373
3374
3375
3376
3377
3378
3379
3380
3381
3382
3383
3384
3385
3386
3387
3388
3389
3390
3391
3392
3393
3394
3395
3396
3397
3398
3399
3400
3401
3402
3403
3404
3405
3406
3407
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3429
3430
3431
3432
3433
3434
3435
3436
3437
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3446
3447
3448
3449
3450
3451
3452
3453
3454
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460
3461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3466
3467
3468
3469
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
3476
3477
3478
3479
3480
3481
3482
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487
3488
3489
3490
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
3496
3497
3498
3499
3500
3501
3502
3503
3504
3505
3506
3507
3508
3509
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3538
3539
3540
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3570
3571
3572
3573
3574
3575
3576
3577
3578
3579
3580
3581
3582
3583
3584
3585
3586
3587
3588
3589
3590
3591
3592
3593
3594
3595
3596
3597
3598
3599
3600
3601
3602
3603
3604
3605
3606
3607
3608
3609
3610
3611
3612
3613
3614
3615
3616
3617
3618
3619
3620
3621
3622
3623
3624
3625
3626
3627
3628
3629
3630
3631
3632
3633
3634
3635
3636
3637
3638
3639
3640
3641
3642
3643
3644
3645
3646
3647
3648
3649
3650
3651
3652
3653
3654
3655
3656
3657
3658
3659
3660
3661
3662
3663
3664
3665
3666
3667
3668
3669
3670
3671
3672
3673
3674
3675
3676
3677
3678
3679
3680
3681
3682
3683
3684
3685
3686
3687
3688
3689
3690
3691
3692
3693
3694
3695
3696
3697
3698
3699
3700
3701
3702
3703
3704
3705
3706
3707
3708
3709
3710
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
3716
3717
3718
3719
3720
3721
3722
3723
3724
3725
3726
3727
3728
3729
3730
3731
3732
3733
3734
3735
3736
3737
3738
3739
3740
3741
3742
3743
3744
3745
3746
3747
3748
3749
3750
3751
3752
3753
3754
3755
3756
3757
3758
3759
3760
3761
3762
3763
3764
3765
3766
3767
3768
3769
3770
3771
3772
3773
3774
3775
3776
3777
3778
3779
3780
3781
3782
3783
3784
3785
3786
3787
3788
3789
3790
3791
3792
3793
3794
3795
3796
3797
3798
3799
3800
3801
3802
3803
3804
3805
3806
3807
3808
3809
3810
3811
3812
3813
3814
3815
3816
3817
3818
3819
3820
3821
3822
3823
3824
3825
3826
3827
3828
3829
3830
3831
3832
3833
3834
3835
3836
3837
3838
3839
3840
3841
3842
3843
3844
3845
3846
3847
3848
3849
3850
3851
3852
3853
3854
3855
3856
3857
3858
3859
3860
3861
3862
3863
3864
3865
3866
3867
3868
3869
3870
3871
3872
3873
3874
3875
3876
3877
3878
3879
3880
3881
3882
3883
3884
3885
3886
3887
3888
3889
3890
3891
3892
3893
3894
3895
3896
3897
3898
3899
3900
3901
3902
3903
3904
3905
3906
3907
3908
3909
3910
3911
3912
3913
3914
3915
3916
3917
3918
3919
3920
3921
3922
3923
3924
3925
3926
3927
3928
3929
3930
3931
3932
3933
3934
3935
3936
3937
3938
3939
3940
3941
3942
3943
3944
3945
3946
3947
3948
3949
3950
3951
3952
3953
3954
3955
3956
3957
3958
3959
3960
3961
3962
3963
3964
3965
3966
3967
3968
3969
3970
3971
3972
3973
3974
3975
3976
3977
3978
3979
3980
3981
3982
3983
3984
3985
3986
3987
3988
3989
3990
3991
3992
3993
3994
3995
3996
3997
3998
3999
4000
4001
4002
4003
4004
4005
4006
4007
4008
4009
4010
4011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4020
4021
4022
4023
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
4029
4030
4031
4032
4033
4034
4035
4036
4037
4038
4039
4040
4041
4042
4043
4044
4045
4046
4047
4048
4049
4050
4051
4052
4053
4054
4055
4056
4057
4058
4059
4060
4061
4062
4063
4064
4065
4066
4067
4068
4069
4070
4071
4072
4073
4074
4075
4076
4077
4078
4079
4080
4081
4082
4083
4084
4085
4086
4087
4088
4089
4090
4091
4092
4093
4094
4095
4096
4097
4098
4099
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
4110
4111
4112
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
4118
4119
4120
4121
4122
4123
4124
4125
4126
4127
4128
4129
4130
4131
4132
4133
4134
4135
4136
4137
4138
4139
4140
4141
4142
4143
4144
4145
4146
4147
4148
4149
4150
4151
4152
4153
4154
4155
4156
4157
4158
4159
4160
4161
4162
4163
4164
4165
4166
4167
4168
4169
4170
4171
4172
4173
4174
4175
4176
4177
4178
4179
4180
4181
4182
4183
4184
4185
4186
4187
4188
4189
4190
4191
4192
4193
4194
4195
4196
4197
4198
4199
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
4205
4206
4207
4208
4209
4210
4211
4212
4213
4214
4215
4216
4217
4218
4219
4220
4221
4222
4223
4224
4225
4226
4227
4228
4229
4230
4231
4232
4233
4234
4235
4236
4237
4238
4239
4240
4241
4242
4243
4244
4245
4246
4247
4248
4249
4250
4251
4252
4253
4254
4255
4256
4257
4258
4259
4260
4261
4262
4263
4264
4265
4266
4267
4268
4269
4270
4271
4272
4273
4274
4275
4276
4277
4278
4279
4280
4281
4282
4283
4284
4285
4286
4287
4288
4289
4290
4291
4292
4293
4294
4295
4296
4297
4298
4299
4300
4301
4302
4303
4304
4305
4306
4307
4308
4309
4310
4311
4312
4313
4314
4315
4316
4317
4318
4319
4320
4321
4322
4323
4324
4325
4326
4327
4328
4329
4330
4331
4332
4333
4334
4335
4336
4337
4338
4339
4340
4341
4342
4343
4344
4345
4346
4347
4348
4349
4350
4351
4352
4353
4354
4355
4356
4357
4358
4359
4360
4361
4362
4363
4364
4365
4366
4367
4368
4369
4370
4371
4372
4373
4374
4375
4376
4377
4378
4379
4380
4381
4382
4383
4384
4385
4386
4387
4388
4389
4390
4391
4392
4393
4394
4395
4396
4397
4398
4399
4400
4401
4402
4403
4404
4405
4406
4407
4408
4409
4410
4411
4412
4413
4414
4415
4416
4417
4418
4419
4420
4421
4422
4423
4424
4425
4426
4427
4428
4429
4430
4431
4432
4433
4434
4435
4436
4437
4438
4439
4440
4441
4442
4443
4444
4445
4446
4447
4448
4449
4450
4451
4452
4453
4454
4455
4456
4457
4458
4459
4460
4461
4462
4463
4464
4465
4466
4467
4468
4469
4470
4471
4472
4473
4474
4475
4476
4477
4478
4479
4480
4481
4482
4483
4484
4485
4486
4487
4488
4489
4490
4491
4492
4493
4494
4495
4496
4497
4498
4499
4500
4501
4502
4503
4504
4505
4506
4507
4508
4509
4510
4511
4512
4513
4514
4515
4516
4517
4518
4519
4520
4521
4522
4523
4524
4525
4526
4527
4528
4529
4530
4531
4532
4533
4534
4535
4536
4537
4538
4539
4540
4541
4542
4543
4544
4545
4546
4547
4548
4549
4550
4551
4552
4553
4554
4555
4556
4557
4558
4559
4560
4561
4562
4563
4564
4565
4566
4567
4568
4569
4570
4571
4572
4573
4574
4575
4576
4577
4578
4579
4580
4581
4582
4583
4584
4585
4586
4587
4588
4589
4590
4591
4592
4593
4594
4595
4596
4597
4598
4599
4600
4601
4602
4603
4604
4605
4606
4607
4608
4609
4610
4611
4612
4613
4614
4615
4616
4617
4618
4619
4620
4621
4622
4623
4624
4625
4626
4627
4628
4629
4630
4631
4632
4633
4634
4635
4636
4637
4638
4639
4640
4641
4642
4643
4644
4645
4646
4647
4648
4649
4650
4651
4652
4653
4654
4655
4656
4657
4658
4659
4660
4661
4662
4663
4664
4665
4666
4667
4668
4669
4670
4671
4672
4673
4674
4675
4676
4677
4678
4679
4680
4681
4682
4683
4684
4685
4686
4687
4688
4689
4690
4691
4692
4693
4694
4695
4696
4697
4698
4699
4700
4701
4702
4703
4704
4705
4706
4707
4708
4709
4710
4711
4712
4713
4714
4715
4716
4717
4718
4719
4720
4721
4722
4723
4724
4725
4726
4727
4728
4729
4730
4731
4732
4733
4734
4735
4736
4737
4738
4739
4740
4741
4742
4743
4744
4745
4746
4747
4748
4749
4750
4751
4752
4753
4754
4755
4756
4757
4758
4759
4760
4761
4762
4763
4764
4765
4766
4767
4768
4769
4770
4771
4772
4773
4774
4775
4776
4777
4778
4779
4780
4781
4782
4783
4784
4785
4786
4787
4788
4789
4790
4791
4792
4793
4794
4795
4796
4797
4798
4799
4800
4801
4802
4803
4804
4805
4806
4807
4808
4809
4810
4811
4812
4813
4814
4815
4816
4817
4818
4819
4820
4821
4822
4823
4824
4825
4826
4827
4828
4829
4830
4831
4832
4833
4834
4835
4836
4837
4838
4839
4840
4841
4842
4843
4844
4845
4846
4847
4848
4849
4850
4851
4852
4853
4854
4855
4856
4857
4858
4859
4860
4861
4862
4863
4864
4865
4866
4867
4868
4869
4870
4871
4872
4873
4874
4875
4876
4877
4878
4879
4880
4881
4882
4883
4884
4885
4886
4887
4888
4889
4890
4891
4892
4893
4894
4895
4896
4897
4898
4899
4900
4901
4902
4903
4904
4905
4906
4907
4908
4909
4910
4911
4912
4913
4914
4915
4916
4917
4918
4919
4920
4921
4922
4923
4924
4925
4926
4927
4928
4929
4930
4931
4932
4933
4934
4935
4936
4937
4938
4939
4940
4941
4942
4943
4944
4945
4946
4947
4948
4949
4950
4951
4952
4953
4954
4955
4956
4957
4958
4959
4960
4961
4962
4963
4964
4965
4966
4967
4968
4969
4970
4971
4972
4973
4974
4975
4976
4977
4978
4979
4980
4981
4982
4983
4984
4985
4986
4987
4988
4989
4990
4991
4992
4993
4994
4995
4996
4997
4998
4999
5000
5001
5002
5003
5004
5005
5006
5007
5008
5009
5010
5011
5012
5013
5014
5015
5016
5017
5018
5019
5020
5021
5022
5023
5024
5025
5026
5027
5028
5029
5030
5031
5032
5033
5034
5035
5036
5037
5038
5039
5040
5041
5042
5043
5044
5045
5046
5047
5048
5049
5050
5051
5052
5053
5054
5055
5056
5057
5058
5059
5060
5061
5062
5063
5064
5065
5066
5067
5068
5069
5070
5071
5072
5073
5074
5075
5076
5077
5078
5079
5080
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
5087
5088
5089
5090
5091
5092
5093
5094
5095
5096
5097
5098
5099
5100
5101
5102
5103
5104
5105
5106
5107
5108
5109
5110
5111
5112
5113
5114
5115
5116
5117
5118
5119
5120
5121
5122
5123
5124
5125
5126
5127
5128
5129
5130
5131
5132
5133
5134
5135
5136
5137
5138
5139
5140
5141
5142
5143
5144
5145
5146
5147
5148
5149
5150
5151
5152
5153
5154
5155
5156
5157
5158
5159
5160
5161
5162
5163
5164
5165
5166
5167
5168
5169
5170
5171
5172
5173
5174
5175
5176
5177
5178
5179
5180
5181
5182
5183
5184
5185
5186
5187
5188
5189
5190
5191
5192
5193
5194
5195
5196
5197
5198
5199
5200
5201
5202
5203
5204
5205
5206
5207
5208
5209
5210
5211
5212
5213
5214
5215
5216
5217
5218
5219
5220
5221
5222
5223
5224
5225
5226
5227
5228
5229
5230
5231
5232
5233
5234
5235
5236
5237
5238
5239
5240
5241
5242
5243
5244
5245
5246
5247
5248
5249
5250
5251
5252
5253
5254
5255
5256
5257
5258
5259
5260
5261
5262
5263
5264
5265
5266
5267
5268
5269
5270
5271
5272
5273
5274
5275
5276
5277
5278
5279
5280
5281
5282
5283
5284
5285
5286
5287
5288
5289
5290
5291
5292
5293
5294
5295
5296
5297
5298
5299
5300
5301
5302
5303
5304
5305
5306
5307
5308
5309
5310
5311
5312
5313
5314
5315
5316
5317
5318
5319
5320
5321
5322
5323
5324
5325
5326
5327
5328
5329
5330
5331
5332
5333
5334
5335
5336
5337
5338
5339
5340
5341
5342
5343
5344
5345
5346
5347
5348
5349
5350
5351
5352
5353
5354
5355
5356
5357
5358
5359
5360
5361
5362
5363
5364
5365
5366
5367
5368
5369
5370
5371
5372
5373
5374
5375
5376
5377
5378
5379
5380
5381
5382
5383
5384
5385
5386
5387
5388
5389
5390
5391
5392
5393
5394
5395
5396
5397
5398
5399
5400
5401
5402
5403
5404
5405
5406
5407
5408
5409
5410
5411
5412
5413
5414
5415
5416
5417
5418
5419
5420
5421
5422
5423
5424
5425
5426
5427
5428
5429
5430
5431
5432
5433
5434
5435
5436
5437
5438
5439
5440
5441
5442
5443
5444
5445
5446
5447
5448
5449
5450
5451
5452
5453
5454
5455
5456
5457
5458
5459
5460
5461
5462
5463
5464
5465
5466
5467
5468
5469
5470
5471
5472
5473
5474
5475
5476
5477
5478
5479
5480
5481
5482
5483
5484
5485
5486
5487
5488
5489
5490
5491
5492
5493
5494
5495
5496
5497
5498
5499
5500
5501
5502
5503
5504
5505
5506
5507
5508
5509
5510
5511
5512
5513
5514
5515
5516
5517
5518
5519
5520
5521
5522
5523
5524
5525
5526
5527
5528
5529
5530
5531
5532
5533
5534
5535
5536
5537
5538
5539
5540
5541
5542
5543
5544
5545
5546
5547
5548
5549
5550
5551
5552
5553
5554
5555
5556
5557
5558
5559
5560
5561
5562
5563
5564
5565
5566
5567
5568
5569
5570
5571
5572
5573
5574
5575
5576
5577
The pkgsrc guide

Documentation on the NetBSD packages system

Alistair Crooks

<agc@NetBSD.org>

Hubert Feyrer

<hubertf@NetBSD.org>

The pkgsrc Developers

Copyright (C) 1994-2004 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc

$NetBSD: pkgsrc.xml,v 1.9 2005/06/08 13:59:30 dillo Exp $

Abstract

Information about using the NetBSD package system (pkgsrc) from both a user
view for installing packages as well as from a pkgsrc developers' view for
creating new packages.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

    1.1. Introduction
    1.2. Overview
    1.3. Terminology
    1.4. Typography

I. The pkgsrc user's guide

    2. Where to get pkgsrc

        2.1. As tar file
        2.2. Via SUP
        2.3. Via CVS

    3. Using pkgsrc on systems other than NetBSD

        3.1. Bootstrapping pkgsrc
        3.2. Platform specific notes

            3.2.1. Darwin (Mac OS X)
            3.2.2. FreeBSD
            3.2.3. Interix
            3.2.4. IRIX
            3.2.5. Linux
            3.2.6. OpenBSD
            3.2.7. Solaris

    4. Using pkgsrc

        4.1. Working with binary packages

            4.1.1. Where to get binary packages
            4.1.2. How to use binary packages
            4.1.3. A word of warning

        4.2. Building packages from source

            4.2.1. Requirements
            4.2.2. Fetching distfiles
            4.2.3. How to build and install
            4.2.4. Selecting the compiler

    5. Configuring pkgsrc

        5.1. Selecting Build Options

    6. Creating binary packages

        6.1. Building a single binary package
        6.2. Settings for creation of binary packages
        6.3. Doing a bulk build of all packages

            6.3.1. Configuration
            6.3.2. Other environmental considerations
            6.3.3. Operation
            6.3.4. What it does
            6.3.5. Disk space requirements
            6.3.6. Setting up a sandbox for chroot'ed builds
            6.3.7. Building a partial set of packages
            6.3.8. Uploading results of a bulk build

        6.4. Creating a multiple CD-ROM packages collection

            6.4.1. Example of cdpack

    7. Frequently Asked Questions

        7.1. Are there any mailing lists for pkg-related discussion?
        7.2. Where's the pkgviews documentation?
        7.3. Utilities for package management (pkgtools)
        7.4. How to use pkgsrc as non-root
        7.5. How to resume transfers when fetching distfiles?
        7.6. How can I install/use XFree86 from pkgsrc?
        7.7. How can I install/use X.org from pkgsrc?
        7.8. How to fetch files from behind a firewall
        7.9. How do I tell make fetch to do passive FTP?
        7.10. How to fetch all distfiles at once
        7.11. What does "Don't know how to make /usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc"
            mean?
        7.12. What does "Could not find bsd.own.mk" mean?
        7.13. Using 'sudo' with pkgsrc
        7.14. How do I change the location of configuration files?
        7.15. Automated security checks

II. The pkgsrc developer's guide

    8. Package components - files, directories and contents

        8.1. Makefile
        8.2. distinfo
        8.3. patches/*
        8.4. Other mandatory files
        8.5. Optional files
        8.6. work*
        8.7. files/*

    9. Programming in Makefiles

        9.1. Makefile variables

            9.1.1. Naming conventions

        9.2. Code snippets

            9.2.1. Adding things to a list
            9.2.2. Converting an internal list into an external list
            9.2.3. Passing variables to a shell command
            9.2.4. Quoting guideline
            9.2.5. Workaround for a bug in BSD Make

    10. PLIST issues

        10.1. RCS ID
        10.2. Semi-automatic PLIST generation
        10.3. Tweaking output of make print-PLIST
        10.4. Variable substitution in PLIST
        10.5. Manpage-compression
        10.6. Changing PLIST source with PLIST_SRC
        10.7. Platform specific and differing PLISTs
        10.8. Sharing directories between packages

    11. Buildlink methodology

        11.1. Converting packages to use buildlink3
        11.2. Writing buildlink3.mk files

            11.2.1. Anatomy of a buildlink3.mk file
            11.2.2. Updating BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.pkg in buildlink3.mk files

        11.3. Writing builtin.mk files

            11.3.1. Anatomy of a builtin.mk file
            11.3.2. Global preferences for native or pkgsrc software

    12. The pkginstall framework

        12.1. Files and directories outside the installation prefix

            12.1.1. Directory manipulation
            12.1.2. File manipulation

        12.2. Configuration files

            12.2.1. How PKG_SYSCONFDIR is set
            12.2.2. Telling the software were configuration files are
            12.2.3. Patching installations
            12.2.4. Disabling handling of configuration files

        12.3. System startup scripts

            12.3.1. Disabling handling of system startup scripts

        12.4. System users and groups
        12.5. System shells

            12.5.1. Disabling handling of configuration files

    13. Options handling

        13.1. Global default options
        13.2. Converting packages to use bsd.options.mk

    14. The build process

        14.1. Program location
        14.2. Main targets
        14.3. Other helpful targets

    15. Notes on fixes for packages

        15.1. General operation

            15.1.1. How to pull in variables from /etc/mk.conf
            15.1.2. Where to install documentation
            15.1.3. Restricted packages
            15.1.4. Handling dependencies
            15.1.5. Handling conflicts with other packages
            15.1.6. Packages that cannot or should not be built
            15.1.7. Packages which should not be deleted, once installed
            15.1.8. Handling packages with security problems
            15.1.9. How to handle compiler bugs
            15.1.10. How to handle incrementing versions when fixing an
                existing package
            15.1.11. Portability of packages

        15.2. Possible downloading issues

            15.2.1. Packages whose distfiles aren't available for plain
                downloading
            15.2.2. How to handle modified distfiles with the 'old' name

        15.3. Configuration gotchas

            15.3.1. Shared libraries - libtool
            15.3.2. Using libtool on GNU packages that already support libtool
            15.3.3. GNU Autoconf/Automake

        15.4. Building considerations

            15.4.1. CPP defines

        15.5. Package specific actions

            15.5.1. User interaction
            15.5.2. Handling licenses
            15.5.3. Installing score files
            15.5.4. Packages containing perl scripts
            15.5.5. Packages with hardcoded paths to other interpreters
            15.5.6. Packages installing perl modules
            15.5.7. Packages installing info files
            15.5.8. Packages installing GConf2 data files
            15.5.9. Packages installing scrollkeeper data files
            15.5.10. Packages installing X11 fonts
            15.5.11. Packages installing GTK2 modules
            15.5.12. Packages installing SGML or XML data
            15.5.13. Packages installing extensions to the MIME database
            15.5.14. Packages using intltool
            15.5.15. Packages installing startup scripts

        15.6. Feedback to the author

    16. Debugging
    17. Submitting and Committing

        17.1. Submitting your packages
        17.2. General notes when adding, updating, or removing packages
        17.3. Committing: Importing a package into CVS
        17.4. Updating a package to a newer version
        17.5. Moving a package in pkgsrc

A. A simple example package: bison

    A.1. files

        A.1.1. Makefile
        A.1.2. DESCR
        A.1.3. PLIST
        A.1.4. Checking a package with pkglint

    A.2. Steps for building, installing, packaging

B. Build logs

    B.1. Building figlet
    B.2. Packaging figlet

C. Layout of the FTP server's package archive
D. Editing guidelines for the pkgsrc guide

    D.1. Targets
    D.2. Procedure

Chapter 1. Introduction

Table of Contents

1.1. Introduction
1.2. Overview
1.3. Terminology
1.4. Typography

1.1. Introduction

There is a lot of software freely available for Unix based systems, which
usually runs on NetBSD and other Unix-flavoured systems, too, sometimes with
some modifications. The NetBSD Packages Collection (pkgsrc) incorporates any
such changes necessary to make that software run, and makes the installation
(and de-installation) of the software package easy by means of a single
command.

Once the software has been built, it is manipulated with the pkg_* tools so
that installation and de-installation, printing of an inventory of all
installed packages and retrieval of one-line comments or more verbose
descriptions are all simple.

pkgsrc currently contains several thousand packages, including:

  * www/apache - The Apache web server

  * www/mozilla - The Mozilla web browser

  * meta-pkgs/gnome - The GNOME Desktop Environment

  * meta-pkgs/kde3 - The K Desktop Environment

...just to name a few.

pkgsrc has built-in support for handling varying dependencies, such as pthreads
and X11, and extended features such as IPv6 support on a range of platforms.

pkgsrc was derived from FreeBSD's ports system, and initially developed for
NetBSD only. Since then, pkgsrc has grown a lot, and now supports the following
platforms:

  * Darwin (Mac OS X)

  * DragonFlyBSD

  * FreeBSD

  * Microsoft Windows, via Interix

  * IRIX

  * Linux

  * NetBSD (of course)

  * Tru64 (Digital UNIX, OSF1)

  * OpenBSD

  * Solaris

1.2. Overview

This document is divided into two parts. The first, The pkgsrc user's guide,
describes how one can use one of the packages in the Package Collection, either
by installing a precompiled binary package, or by building one's own copy using
the NetBSD package system. The second part, The pkgsrc developer's guide,
explains how to prepare a package so it can be easily built by other NetBSD
users without knowing about the package's building details.

This document is available in various formats:

  * HTML

  * PDF

  * PS

  * TXT

1.3. Terminology

There has been a lot of talk about "ports", "packages", etc. so far. Here is a
description of all the terminology used within this document.

Package

    A set of files and building instructions that describe what's necessary to
    build a certain piece of software using pkgsrc. Packages are traditionally
    stored under /usr/pkgsrc.

The NetBSD package system

    This is the former name of "pkgsrc". It is part of the NetBSD operating
    system and can be bootstrapped to run on non-NetBSD operating systems as
    well. It handles building (compiling), installing, and removing of
    packages.

Distfile

    This term describes the file or files that are provided by the author of
    the piece of software to distribute his work. All the changes necessary to
    build on NetBSD are reflected in the corresponding package. Usually the
    distfile is in the form of a compressed tar-archive, but other types are
    possible, too. Distfiles are usually stored below /usr/pkgsrc/distfiles.

Port

    This is the term used by FreeBSD and OpenBSD people for what we call a
    package. In NetBSD terminology, "port" refers to a different architecture.

Precompiled/binary package

    A set of binaries built with pkgsrc from a distfile and stuffed together in
    a single .tgz file so it can be installed on machines of the same machine
    architecture without the need to recompile. Packages are usually generated
    in /usr/pkgsrc/packages; there is also an archive on ftp.NetBSD.org.

    Sometimes, this is referred to by the term "package" too, especially in the
    context of precompiled packages.

Program

    The piece of software to be installed which will be constructed from all
    the files in the Distfile by the actions defined in the corresponding
    package.

1.4. Typography

When giving examples for commands, shell prompts are used to show if the
command should/can be issued as root, or if "normal" user privileges are
sufficient. We use a # for root's shell prompt, and a % for users' shell
prompt, assuming they use the C-shell or tcsh.

The pkgsrc user's guide

Table of Contents

2. Where to get pkgsrc

    2.1. As tar file
    2.2. Via SUP
    2.3. Via CVS

3. Using pkgsrc on systems other than NetBSD

    3.1. Bootstrapping pkgsrc
    3.2. Platform specific notes

        3.2.1. Darwin (Mac OS X)
        3.2.2. FreeBSD
        3.2.3. Interix
        3.2.4. IRIX
        3.2.5. Linux
        3.2.6. OpenBSD
        3.2.7. Solaris

4. Using pkgsrc

    4.1. Working with binary packages

        4.1.1. Where to get binary packages
        4.1.2. How to use binary packages
        4.1.3. A word of warning

    4.2. Building packages from source

        4.2.1. Requirements
        4.2.2. Fetching distfiles
        4.2.3. How to build and install
        4.2.4. Selecting the compiler

5. Configuring pkgsrc

    5.1. Selecting Build Options

6. Creating binary packages

    6.1. Building a single binary package
    6.2. Settings for creation of binary packages
    6.3. Doing a bulk build of all packages

        6.3.1. Configuration
        6.3.2. Other environmental considerations
        6.3.3. Operation
        6.3.4. What it does
        6.3.5. Disk space requirements
        6.3.6. Setting up a sandbox for chroot'ed builds
        6.3.7. Building a partial set of packages
        6.3.8. Uploading results of a bulk build

    6.4. Creating a multiple CD-ROM packages collection

        6.4.1. Example of cdpack

7. Frequently Asked Questions

    7.1. Are there any mailing lists for pkg-related discussion?
    7.2. Where's the pkgviews documentation?
    7.3. Utilities for package management (pkgtools)
    7.4. How to use pkgsrc as non-root
    7.5. How to resume transfers when fetching distfiles?
    7.6. How can I install/use XFree86 from pkgsrc?
    7.7. How can I install/use X.org from pkgsrc?
    7.8. How to fetch files from behind a firewall
    7.9. How do I tell make fetch to do passive FTP?
    7.10. How to fetch all distfiles at once
    7.11. What does "Don't know how to make /usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc" mean?
    7.12. What does "Could not find bsd.own.mk" mean?
    7.13. Using 'sudo' with pkgsrc
    7.14. How do I change the location of configuration files?
    7.15. Automated security checks

Chapter 2. Where to get pkgsrc

Table of Contents

2.1. As tar file
2.2. Via SUP
2.3. Via CVS

There are three ways to get pkgsrc. Either as a tar file, via SUP, or via CVS.
All three ways are described here.

2.1. As tar file

To get pkgsrc going, you need to get the pkgsrc.tar.gz file from ftp.NetBSD.org
and unpack it into /usr/pkgsrc.

2.2. Via SUP

As an alternative to the tar file, you can get pkgsrc via the Software Update
Protocol, SUP. To do so, make sure your supfile has a line

release=pkgsrc

in it, see the examples in /usr/share/examples/supfiles, and that the /usr/
pkgsrc directory exists. Then, simply run sup -v /path/to/your/supfile.

2.3. Via CVS

To get pkgsrc via CVS, make sure you have "cvs" installed. To do an initial
(full) checkout of pkgsrc, do the following steps:

% setenv CVSROOT anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot
% setenv CVS_RSH ssh
% cd /usr
% cvs checkout -P pkgsrc

This will create the pkgsrc directory in your /usr, and all the package source
will be stored under /usr/pkgsrc. To update pkgsrc after the initial checkout,
make sure you have CVS_RSH set as above, then do:

% cd /usr/pkgsrc
% cvs -q update -dP

Please also note that it is possible to have multiple copies of the pkgsrc
hierarchy in use at any one time - all work is done relatively within the
pkgsrc tree.

Chapter 3. Using pkgsrc on systems other than NetBSD

Table of Contents

3.1. Bootstrapping pkgsrc
3.2. Platform specific notes

    3.2.1. Darwin (Mac OS X)
    3.2.2. FreeBSD
    3.2.3. Interix
    3.2.4. IRIX
    3.2.5. Linux
    3.2.6. OpenBSD
    3.2.7. Solaris

3.1. Bootstrapping pkgsrc

For operating systems other than NetBSD, we provide a bootstrap kit to build
the required tools to use pkgsrc on your platform. Besides support for native
NetBSD, pkgsrc and the bootstrap kit have support for the following operating
systems:

  * Darwin (Mac OS X)

  * DragonFlyBSD

  * FreeBSD

  * Interix (Windows 2000, XP, 2003)

  * IRIX

  * Linux

  * OpenBSD

  * Solaris

  * Tru64 (Digital UNIX/OSF1)

Support for other platforms is under development.

Installing the bootstrap kit should be as simple as:

# env CVS_RSH=ssh cvs -d anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot checkout pkgsrc
# cd pkgsrc/bootstrap
# ./bootstrap

See Chapter 2, Where to get pkgsrc for other ways to get pkgsrc before
bootstrapping. The given bootstrap command will use the defaults of /usr/pkg
for the prefix where programs will be installed in, and /var/db/pkg for the
package database directory where pkgsrc will do its internal bookkeeping.
However, these can also be set using command-line arguments.

Binary packages for the pkgsrc tools and an initial set of packages is
available for supported platforms. An up-to-date list of these can be found on
www.pkgsrc.org.

3.2. Platform specific notes

Here are some platform-specific notes you should be aware of.

3.2.1. Darwin (Mac OS X)

Darwin 5.x and 6.x are supported. There are two methods of using pkgsrc on Mac
OS X, by using a disk image, or a UFS partition.

Before you start, you will need to download and install the Mac OS X Developer
Tools from Apple's Developer Connection. See http://developer.apple.com/macosx/
for details. Also, make sure you install X11 for Mac OS X and the X11 SDK from
http://www.apple.com/macosx/x11/download/ if you intend to build packages that
use the X11 Window System.

If you already have a UFS partition, or have a spare partition that you can
format as UFS, it is recommended to use that instead of the disk image. It'll
be somewhat faster and will mount automatically at boot time, where you must
manually mount a disk image.

Note

You cannot use a HFS+ file system for pkgsrc, because pkgsrc currently requires
the filesystem to be case-sensitive, and HFS+ is not.

3.2.1.1. Using a disk image

Create the disk image:

# cd pkgsrc/bootstrap
# ./ufsdiskimage create ~/Documents/NetBSD 512 # megabytes - season to taste
# ./ufsdiskimage mount ~/Documents/NetBSD
# sudo chown `id -u`:`id -g` /Volumes/NetBSD

That's it!

3.2.1.2. Using a UFS partition

By default, /usr will be on your root file system, normally HFS+. It is
possible to use the default prefix of /usr/pkg by symlinking /usr/pkg to a
directory on a UFS file system. Obviously, another symlink is required if you
want to place the package database directory outside the prefix. e.g.

# ./bootstrap --pkgdbdir /usr/pkg/pkgdb --pkgsrcdir /Volumes/ufs/pkgsrc

If you created your partitions at the time of installing Mac OS X and formatted
the target partition as UFS, it should automatically mount on /Volumes/<volume
name> when the machine boots. If you are (re)formatting a partition as UFS, you
need to ensure that the partition map correctly reflects "Apple_UFS" and not
"Apple_HFS".

The problem is that none of the disk tools will let you touch a disk that is
booted from. You can unmount the partition, but even if you newfs it, the
partition type will be incorrect and the automounter won't mount it. It can be
mounted manually, but it won't appear in Finder.

You'll need to boot off of the OS X Installation (User) CD. When the
Installation program starts, go up to the menu and select Disk Utility. Now,
you will be able to select the partition you want to be UFS, and Format it
Apple UFS. Quit the Disk Utility, quit the installer which will reboot your
machine. The new UFS file system will appear in Finder.

Be aware that the permissions on the new file system will be writable by root
only.

This note is as of 10.2 (Jaguar) and applies to earlier versions. Hopefully
Apple will fix Disk Utility in 10.3 (Panther).

3.2.2. FreeBSD

FreeBSD 4.7 and 5.0 have been tested and are supported, other versions may
work.

Care should be taken so that the tools that this kit installs do not conflict
with the FreeBSD userland tools. There are several steps:

 1. FreeBSD stores its ports pkg database in /var/db/pkg. It is therefore
    recommended that you choose a different location (e.g. /usr/pkgdb) by using
    the --pkgdbdir option to the bootstrap script.

 2. If you do not intend to use the FreeBSD ports tools, it's probably a good
    idea to move them out of the way to avoid confusion, e.g.

    # cd /usr/sbin
    # mv pkg_add pkg_add.orig
    # mv pkg_create pkg_create.orig
    # mv pkg_delete pkg_delete.orig
    # mv pkg_info pkg_info.orig

 3. An example /etc/mk.conf file will be placed in /etc/mk.conf.example file
    when you use the bootstrap script.

3.2.3. Interix

Interix is a POSIX compatible subsystem for the Windows NT kernel, providing a
Unix-like environment with a tighter kernel integration than available with
Cygwin. It is part of the Windows Services for Unix package, available for free
for any licensed copy of Windows 2000, XP (not including XP Home), or 2003. SFU
can be downloaded from http://www.microsoft.com/windows/sfu/.

Services for Unix 3.5, current as of this writing, has been tested. 3.0 or 3.1
may work, but are not officially supported. (The main difference in 3.0/3.1 is
lack of pthreads.)

3.2.3.1. When installing Interix/SFU

At an absolute minimum, the following packages must be installed from the
Windows Services for Unix 3.5 distribution in order to use pkgsrc:

  * Utilities -> Base Utilities

  * Interix GNU Components -> (all)

  * Remote Connectivity

  * Interix SDK

When using pkgsrc on Interix, DO NOT install the Utilities subcomponent "UNIX
Perl". That is Perl 5.6 without shared module support, installed to /usr/local,
and will only cause confusion. Instead, install Perl 5.8 from pkgsrc (or from a
binary package).

The Remote Connectivity subcomponent "Windows Remote Shell Service" does not
need to be installed, but Remote Connectivity itself should be installed in
order to have a working inetd.

Finally, during installation you may be asked whether to enable setuid behavior
for Interix programs, and whether to make pathnames default to case-sensitive.
Setuid should be enabled, and case-sensitivity MUST be enabled. (Without
case-sensitivity, a large number of packages including perl will not build.)

3.2.3.2. What to do if Interix/SFU is already installed

If SFU is already installed and you wish to alter these settings to work with
pkgsrc, note the following things.

  * To uninstall UNIX Perl, use Add/Remove Programs, select Microsoft Windows
    Services for UNIX, then click Change. In the installer, choose Add or
    Remove, then uncheck Utilities->UNIX Perl.

  * To enable case-sensitivity for the filesystem, run REGEDIT.EXE, and change
    the following registry key:

    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\kernel

    Set the DWORD value "obcaseinsensitive" to 0; then reboot.

  * To enable setuid binaries (optional), run REGEDIT.EXE, and change the
    following registry key:

    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Services for UNIX

    Set the DWORD value "EnableSetuidBinaries" to 1; then reboot.

3.2.3.3. Important notes for using pkgsrc

The package imanager (either the pkgsrc "su" user, or the user running
"pkg_add") must be a member of the local Administrators group. Such a user must
also be used to run the bootstrap. This is slightly relaxed from the normal
pkgsrc requirement of "root".

The package manager should use a umask of 002. "make install" will
automatically complain if this is not the case. This ensures that directories
written in /var/db/pkg are Administrators-group writeable.

The popular Interix binary packages from http://www.interopsystems.com/ use an
older version of pkgsrc's pkg_* tools. Ideally, these should NOT be used in
conjunction with pkgsrc. If you choose to use them at the same time as the
pkgsrc packages, ensure that you use the proper pkg_* tools for each type of
binary package.

The TERM setting used for DOS-type console windows (including those invoked by
the csh and ksh startup shortcuts) is "interix". Most systems don't have a
termcap/terminfo entry for it, but the following .termcap entry provides
adequate emulation in most cases:

interix:kP=\E[S:kN=\E[T:kH=\E[U:dc@:DC@:tc=pcansi:

3.2.4. IRIX

You will need a working C compiler, either gcc or SGI's MIPS and MIPSpro
compiler (cc/c89). Please set the CC environment variable according to your
preference. If you do not have a license for the MIPSpro compiler suite, you
can download a gcc tardist file from http://freeware.sgi.com/.

Please note that you will need IRIX 6.5.17 or higher, as this is the earliest
version of IRIX providing support for if_indextoname(3), if_nametoindex(3),
etc.

At this point in time, pkgsrc only supports one ABI at a time. That is, you can
not switch between the old 32-bit ABI, the new 32-bit ABI and the 64-bit ABI.
If you start out using "abi=n32", that's what all your packages will be built
with.

Therefore, please make sure that you have no conflicting CFLAGS in your
environment or the /etc/mk.conf. Particularly, make sure that you do not try to
link n32 object files with lib64 or vice versa. Check your /etc/
compiler.defaults!

If you have the actual pkgsrc tree mounted via NFS from a different host,
please make sure to set WRKOBJDIR to a local directory, as it appears that IRIX
linker occasionally runs into issues when trying to link over a network mounted
filesystem.

The bootstrapping process should set all the right options for programs such as
imake(1), but you may want to set some options depending on your local setup.
Please see pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf and, of course, your compiler's man pages
for details.

If you are using SGI's MIPSPro compiler, please set

PKGSRC_COMPILER=mipspro

in /etc/mk.conf. Otherwise, pkgsrc will assume you are using gcc and may end up
passing invalid flags to the compiler. Note that bootstrap should create an
appropriate mk.conf.example by default.

If you have both the MIPSPro compiler chain installed as well as gcc, but want
to make sure that MIPRPro is used, please set your PATH to not include the
location of gcc (often /usr/freeware/bin), and (important) pass the
'--preserve-path' flag.

3.2.5. Linux

Some versions of Linux (for example Debian GNU/Linux) need either libtermcap or
libcurses (libncurses). Installing the distributions libncurses-dev package (or
equivalent) should fix the problem.

pkgsrc supports both gcc (GNU Compiler Collection) and icc (Intel C++
Compiler). gcc is the default. icc 8.0 and 8.1 on i386 have been tested.

To bootstrap using icc, assuming the default icc installation directory:

env CC=/opt/intel_cc_80/bin/icc LDFLAGS=-static-libcxa \
                ac_cv___attribute__=yes ./bootstrap

Note

icc 8.1 needs the `-i-static' argument instead of -static-libcxa.

icc supports __attribute__, but the GNU configure test uses a nested function,
which icc does not support. #undef'ing __attribute__ has the unfortunate
side-effect of breaking many of the Linux header files, which cannot be
compiled properly without __attribute__. The test must be overridden so that
__attribute__ is assumed supported by the compiler.

After bootstrapping, you should set PKGSRC_COMPILER in /etc/mk.conf:

PKGSRC_COMPILER=icc

The default installation directory for icc is /opt/intel_cc_80, which is also
the pkgsrc default. If you have installed it into a different directory, set
ICCBASE in /etc/mk.conf:

ICCBASE=/opt/icc

pkgsrc uses the static linking method of the runtime libraries provided by icc,
so binaries can be run on other systems which do not have the shared libraries
installed.

Libtool, however, extracts a list of libraries from the ld(1) command run when
linking a C++ shared library and records it, throwing away the -Bstatic and
-Bdynamic options interspersed between the libraries. This means that
libtool-linked C++ shared libraries will have a runtime dependency on the icc
libraries until this is fixed in libtool.

3.2.6. OpenBSD

OpenBSD 3.0 and 3.2 are tested and supported.

Care should be taken so that the tools that this kit installs do not conflict
with the OpenBSD userland tools. There are several steps:

 1. OpenBSD stores its ports pkg database in /var/db/pkg. It is therefore
    recommended that you choose a different location (e.g. /usr/pkgdb) by using
    the --pkgdbdir option to the bootstrap script.

 2. If you do not intend to use the OpenBSD ports tools, it's probably a good
    idea to move them out of the way to avoid confusion, e.g.

    # cd /usr/sbin
    # mv pkg_add pkg_add.orig
    # mv pkg_create pkg_create.orig
    # mv pkg_delete pkg_delete.orig
    # mv pkg_info pkg_info.orig

 3. An example /etc/mk.conf file will be placed in /etc/mk.conf.example file
    when you use the bootstrap script. OpenBSD's make program uses /etc/mk.conf
    as well. You can work around this by enclosing all the pkgsrc specific
    parts of the file with:

    .ifdef BSD_PKG_MK
    # pkgsrc stuff, e.g. insert defaults/mk.conf or similar here
    .else
    # OpenBSD stuff
    .endif


3.2.7. Solaris

Solaris 2.6 through 9 are supported on both x86 and sparc. You will need a
working C compiler. Both gcc 2.95.3 and Sun WorkShop 5 have been tested.

The following packages are required on Solaris 8 for the bootstrap process and
to build packages.

  * SUNWsprot

  * SUNWarc

  * SUNWbtool

  * SUNWtoo

  * SUNWlibm

Please note the use of GNU binutils on Solaris is not supported.

3.2.7.1. If you are using gcc

It makes life much simpler if you only use the same gcc consistently for
building all packages.

It is recommended that an external gcc be used only for bootstrapping, then
either build gcc from lang/gcc or install a binary gcc package, then remove gcc
used during bootstrapping.

Binary packages of gcc can be found through http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/common/
freewareSearch.html.

3.2.7.2. If you are using Sun WorkShop

You will need at least the following packages installed (from WorkShop 5.0)

  * SPROcc - Sun WorkShop Compiler C 5.0

  * SPROcpl - Sun WorkShop Compiler C++ 5.0

  * SPROild - Sun WorkShop Incremental Linker

  * SPROlang - Sun WorkShop Compilers common components

You should set CC, CXX and optionally, CPP in /etc/mk.conf, eg.

CC=     cc
CXX=    CC
CPP=    /usr/ccs/lib/cpp

You may also want to build 64-bit binaries, eg.

CFLAGS= -xtarget=ultra -xarch=v9

Whichever compiler you use, please ensure the compiler tools and your $prefix
are in your PATH. This includes /usr/ccs/{bin,lib} and eg. /usr/pkg/{bin,sbin}.

Chapter 4. Using pkgsrc

Table of Contents

4.1. Working with binary packages

    4.1.1. Where to get binary packages
    4.1.2. How to use binary packages
    4.1.3. A word of warning

4.2. Building packages from source

    4.2.1. Requirements
    4.2.2. Fetching distfiles
    4.2.3. How to build and install
    4.2.4. Selecting the compiler

4.1. Working with binary packages

This section describes how to find, retrieve and install a precompiled binary
package that someone else already prepared for your type of machine.

4.1.1. Where to get binary packages

Precompiled packages are stored on ftp.NetBSD.org and its mirrors in the
directory /pub/NetBSD/packages/<OSVERSION>/<ARCH>/ for anonymous FTP access.
OSVERSION is the NetBSD version (uname -r), ARCH is the architecture (uname -p
). In that directory, there is a subdirectory for each category plus a
subdirectory All which includes the actual binaries in .tgz files. The category
subdirectories use symbolic links to those files (this is the same directory
layout as in /usr/pkgsrc/packages).

This same directory layout applies for CDROM distributions, only that the
directory may be rooted somewhere else, probably somewhere below /cdrom. Please
consult your CDROMs documentation for the exact location.

4.1.2. How to use binary packages

If you have the files on a CDROM or downloaded them to your hard disk, you can
install them with the following command (be sure to su to root first):

# pkg_add /path/to/package.tgz

If you have FTP access and you don't want to download the packages via FTP
prior to installation, you can do this automatically by giving pkg_add an FTP
URL:

# pkg_add ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/<OSVERSION>/<ARCH>/All/package.tgz

Note that any prerequisite packages needed to run the package in question will
be installed, too, assuming they are present where you install from.

To save some typing, you can set the PKG_PATH environment variable to a
semicolon separated list of paths (including remote URLs); trailing slashes are
not allowed.

Additionally to the All directory there exists a vulnerable directory to which
binary packages with known vulnerabilities are moved, since removing them could
cause missing dependencies. To use these packages, add the vulnerable directory
to your PKG_PATH. However, you should run security/audit-packages regularly,
and especially after installing new packages, and verify that the
vulnerabilities are acceptable for your configuration. An example PKG_PATH
would be: ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/<OSVERSION>/<ARCH>/All;ftp:/
/ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/<OSVERSION>/<ARCH>/vulnerable Please note
that semicolon (';') is a shell meta-character, so you'll probably have to
quote it.

After you've installed packages, be sure to have /usr/pkg/bin and /usr/pkg/sbin
in your PATH so you can actually start the just installed program.

4.1.3. A word of warning

Please pay very careful attention to the warnings expressed in the pkg_add(1)
manual page about the inherent dangers of installing binary packages which you
did not create yourself, and the security holes that can be introduced onto
your system by indiscriminate adding of such files.

4.2. Building packages from source

This assumes that the package is already in pkgsrc. If it is not, see Part II,
"The pkgsrc developer's guide" for instructions how to create your own
packages.

4.2.1. Requirements

To build packages from source on a NetBSD system the "comp" and the "text"
distribution sets must be installed. If you want to build X11 related packages
the "xbase" and "xcomp" distribution sets are required, too.

4.2.2. Fetching distfiles

The first step for building a package is downloading the distfiles (i.e. the
unmodified source). If they have not yet been downloaded, pkgsrc will fetch
them automatically.

You can overwrite some of the major distribution sites to fit to sites that are
close to your own. Have a look at pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf to find some
examples ? in particular, look for the MASTER_SORT, MASTER_SORT_REGEX and
INET_COUNTRY definitions. This may save some of your bandwidth and time.

You can change these settings either in your shell's environment, or, if you
want to keep the settings, by editing the /etc/mk.conf file, and adding the
definitions there.

If you don't have a permanent Internet connection and you want to know which
files to download, make fetch-list will tell you what you'll need. Put these
distfiles into /usr/pkgsrc/distfiles.

4.2.3. How to build and install

Assuming that the distfile has been fetched (see previous section), become root
and change into the relevant directory and running make. For example, type

% cd misc/figlet
% make

at the shell prompt to build the various components of the package, and

# make install

to install the various components into the correct places on your system.
Installing the package on your system requires you to be root. However, pkgsrc
has a just-in-time-su feature, which allows you to only become root for the
actual installation step

Taking the figlet utility as an example, we can install it on our system by
building as shown in Appendix B, Build logs.

The program is installed under the default root of the packages tree - /usr/
pkg. Should this not conform to your tastes, set the LOCALBASE variable in your
environment, and it will use that value as the root of your packages tree. So,
to use /usr/local, set LOCALBASE=/usr/local in your environment. Please note
that you should use a directory which is dedicated to packages and not shared
with other programs (ie, do not try and use LOCALBASE=/usr). Also, you should
not try to add any of your own files or directories (such as src/, obj/, or
pkgsrc/) below the LOCALBASE tree. This is to prevent possible conflicts
between programs and other files installed by the package system and whatever
else may have been installed there.

Some packages look in /etc/mk.conf to alter some configuration options at build
time. Have a look at pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf to get an overview of what will
be set there by default. Environment variables such as LOCALBASE can be set in
/etc/mk.conf to save having to remember to set them each time you want to use
pkgsrc.

Occasionally, people want to "look under the covers" to see what is going on
when a package is building or being installed. This may be for debugging
purposes, or out of simple curiosity. A number of utility values have been
added to help with this.

 1. If you invoke the make(1) command with PKG_DEBUG_LEVEL=2, then a huge
    amount of information will be displayed. For example,

    make patch PKG_DEBUG_LEVEL=2

    will show all the commands that are invoked, up to and including the
    "patch" stage.

 2. If you want to know the value of a certain make(1) definition, then the
    VARNAME definition should be used, in conjunction with the show-var target.
    e.g. to show the expansion of the make(1) variable LOCALBASE:

    % make show-var VARNAME=LOCALBASE
    /usr/pkg
    %



If you want to install a binary package that you've either created yourself
(see next section), that you put into pkgsrc/packages manually or that is
located on a remote FTP server, you can use the "bin-install" target. This
target will install a binary package - if available - via pkg_add(1), else do a
make package. The list of remote FTP sites searched is kept in the variable
BINPKG_SITES, which defaults to ftp.NetBSD.org. Any flags that should be added
to pkg_add(1) can be put into BIN_INSTALL_FLAGS. See pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf
for more details.

A final word of warning: If you setup a system that has a non-standard setting
for LOCALBASE, be sure to set that before any packages are installed, as you
can not use several directories for the same purpose. Doing so will result in
pkgsrc not being able to properly detect your installed packages, and fail
miserably. Note also that precompiled binary packages are usually built with
the default LOCALBASE of /usr/pkg, and that you should not install any if you
use a non-standard LOCALBASE.

4.2.4. Selecting the compiler

By default, pkgsrc will use GCC to build packages. This may be overridden by
setting the following variables in /etc/mk.conf:

PKGSRC_COMPILER:

    This is a list of values specifying the chain of compilers to invoke when
    building packages. Valid values are:

      * distcc: distributed C/C++ (chainable)

      * ccache: compiler cache (chainable)

      * gcc: GNU C/C++ Compiler

      * mipspro: Silicon Graphics, Inc. MIPSpro (n32/n64)

      * mipspro: Silicon Graphics, Inc. MIPSpro (o32)

      * sunpro: Microsystems, Inc. WorkShip/Forte/Sun ONE Studio

    The default is "gcc". You can use ccache and/or distcc with an appropriate
    PKGSRC_COMPILER setting, e.g. "ccache gcc". This variable should always be
    terminated with a value for a real compiler.

GCC_REQD:

    This specifies the minimum version of GCC to use when building packages. If
    the system GCC doesn't satisfy this requirement, then pkgsrc will build and
    install one of the GCC packages to use instead.

Chapter 5. Configuring pkgsrc

Table of Contents

5.1. Selecting Build Options

5.1. Selecting Build Options

Some packages have build time options, usually to select between different
dependencies, enable optional support for big dependencies or enable
experimental features.

To see which options, if any, a package supports, and which options are
mutually exclusive, run make show-options, for example:

The following options are supported by this package:
        ssl      Enable SSL support.
Exactly one of the following gecko options is required:
        firefox  Use firefox as gecko rendering engine.
        mozilla  Use mozilla as gecko rendering engine.
At most one of the following database options may be selected:
        mysql    Enable support for MySQL database.
        pgsql    Enable support for PostgreSQL database.

These options are enabled by default: firefox
These options are currently enabled: mozilla ssl

The following variables can be defined in /etc/mk.conf to select which options
to enable for a package: PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS, which can be used to select or
disable options for all packages that support them, and PKG_OPTIONS.pkgbase,
which can be used to select or disable options specifically for package pkgbase
. Options listed in these variables are selected, options preceded by "-" are
disabled.

The following settings are consulted in the order given, and the last setting
that selects or disables an option is used:

 1. the default options as suggested by the package maintainer

 2. the options implied by the settings of legacy variables (see below)

 3. PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS

 4. PKG_OPTIONS.pkgbase

For groups of mutually exclusive options, the last option selected is used, all
others are automatically disabled. If an option of the group is explicitly
disabled, the previously selected option, if any, is used. It is an error if no
option from a required group of options is selected, and building the package
will fail.

Before the options framework was introduced, build options were selected by
setting a variable in /etc/mk.conf for each option. To ease transition to the
options framework for the user, these legacy variables are converted to the
appropriate options setting automatically. A warning is issued to prompt the
user to update /etc/mk.conf to use the options framework directly. Support for
these legacy variables will be removed eventually.

Chapter 6. Creating binary packages

Table of Contents

6.1. Building a single binary package
6.2. Settings for creation of binary packages
6.3. Doing a bulk build of all packages

    6.3.1. Configuration
    6.3.2. Other environmental considerations
    6.3.3. Operation
    6.3.4. What it does
    6.3.5. Disk space requirements
    6.3.6. Setting up a sandbox for chroot'ed builds
    6.3.7. Building a partial set of packages
    6.3.8. Uploading results of a bulk build

6.4. Creating a multiple CD-ROM packages collection

    6.4.1. Example of cdpack

6.1. Building a single binary package

Once you have built and installed a package, you can create a binary package
which can be installed on another system with pkg_add(1) This saves having to
build the same package on a group of hosts and wasting CPU time. It also
provides a simple means for others to install your package, should you
distribute it.

To create a binary package, change into the appropriate directory in pkgsrc,
and run make package:

# cd misc/figlet
# make package

This will build and install your package (if not already done), and then build
a binary package from what was installed. You can then use the pkg_* tools to
manipulate it. Binary packages are created by default in /usr/pkgsrc/packages,
in the form of a gzipped tar file. See Section B.2, "Packaging figlet" for a
continuation of the above misc/figlet example.

See Chapter 17, Submitting and Committing for information on how to submit such
a binary package.

6.2. Settings for creation of binary packages

See Section 14.3, "Other helpful targets".

6.3. Doing a bulk build of all packages

If you want to get a full set of precompiled binary packages, this section
describes how to get them. Beware that the bulk build will remove all currently
installed packages from your system! Having an FTP server configured either on
the machine doing the bulk builds or on a nearby NFS server can help to make
the packages available to everyone. See ftpd(8) for more information. If you
use a remote NFS server's storage, be sure to not actually compile on NFS
storage, as this slows things down a lot.

6.3.1. Configuration

6.3.1.1. /etc/mk.conf

You may want to set variables in /etc/mk.conf. Look at pkgsrc/mk/defaults/
mk.conf for details of the default settings. You will want to ensure that
ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES meet your local policy. As used in this example,
_ACCEPTABLE=yes accepts all licenses.

PACKAGES?=      ${_PKGSRCDIR}/packages/${MACHINE_ARCH}
WRKOBJDIR?=     /usr/tmp/pkgsrc   # build here instead of in pkgsrc
BSDSRCDIR=      /usr/src
BSDXSRCDIR=     /usr/xsrc         # for x11/xservers
OBJHOSTNAME?=   yes               # use work.`hostname`
FAILOVER_FETCH= yes               # insist on the correct checksum
PKG_DEVELOPER?= yes
_ACCEPTABLE=    yes

6.3.1.2. build.conf

In pkgsrc/mk/bulk, copy build.conf-example to build.conf and edit it, following
the comments in that file. This is the config file that determines where log
files are generated after the build, where to mail the build report to, where
your pkgsrc tree is located and the user to which user to su(8) to do a cvs
update.

6.3.1.3.  pre-build.local

It is possible to configure the bulk build to perform certain site specific
tasks at the end of the pre-build stage. If the file pre-build.local exists in
/usr/pkgsrc/mk/bulk, it will be executed (as a sh(1) script) at the end of the
usual pre-build stage. An example use of pre-build.local is to have the line:

# echo "I do not have enough disk space to build this pig." \
    > pkgsrc/misc/openoffice/$BROKENF

to prevent the system from trying to build a particular package which requires
nearly 3 GB of disk space.

6.3.2. Other environmental considerations

As /usr/pkg will be completely deleted at the start of bulk builds, make sure
your login shell is placed somewhere else. Either drop it into /usr/local/bin
(and adjust your login shell in the passwd file), or (re-)install it via
pkg_add(1) from /etc/rc.local, so you can login after a reboot (remember that
your current process won't die if the package is removed, you just can't start
any new instances of the shell any more). Also, if you use NetBSD earlier than
1.5, or you still want to use the pkgsrc version of ssh for some reason, be
sure to install ssh before starting it from rc.local:

( cd /usr/pkgsrc/security/ssh ; make bulk-install )
if [ -f /usr/pkg/etc/rc.d/sshd ]; then
    /usr/pkg/etc/rc.d/sshd
fi

Not doing so will result in you being not able to log in via ssh after the bulk
build is finished or if the machine gets rebooted or crashes. You have been
warned! :)

6.3.3. Operation

Make sure you don't need any of the packages still installed.

Warning

During the bulk build, all packages will be removed!

Be sure to remove all other things that might interfere with builds, like some
libs installed in /usr/local, etc. then become root and type:

# cd /usr/pkgsrc
# sh mk/bulk/build

If for some reason your last build didn't complete (power failure, system
panic, ...), you can continue it by running:

# sh mk/bulk/build restart

At the end of the bulk build, you will get a summary via mail, and find build
logs in the directory specified by FTP in the build.conf file.

6.3.4. What it does

The bulk builds consist of three steps:

1. pre-build

    The script updates your pkgsrc tree via (anon)cvs, then cleans out any
    broken distfiles, and removes all packages installed.

2. the bulk build

    This is basically "make bulk-package" with an optimised order in which
    packages will be built. Packages that don't require other packages will be
    built first, and packages with many dependencies will be built later.

3. post-build

    Generates a report that's placed in the directory specified in the
    build.conf file named broken.html, a short version of that report will also
    be mailed to the build's admin.

During the build, a list of broken packages will be compiled in /usr/pkgsrc
/.broken (or .../.broken.${MACHINE} if OBJMACHINE is set), individual build
logs of broken builds can be found in the package's directory. These files are
used by the bulk-targets to mark broken builds to not waste time trying to
rebuild them, and they can be used to debug these broken package builds later.

6.3.5. Disk space requirements

Currently, roughly the following requirements are valid for NetBSD 2.0/i386:

  * 10 GB - distfiles (NFS ok)

  * 8 GB - full set of all binaries (NFS ok)

  * 5 GB - temp space for compiling (local disk recommended)

Note that all pkgs will be de-installed as soon as they are turned into a
binary package, and that sources are removed, so there is no excessively huge
demand to disk space. Afterwards, if the package is needed again, it will be
installed via pkg_add(1) instead of building again, so there are no cycles
wasted by recompiling.

6.3.6. Setting up a sandbox for chroot'ed builds

If you don't want all the packages nuked from a machine (rendering it useless
for anything but pkg compiling), there is the possibility of doing the package
bulk build inside a chroot environment.

The first step is to set up a chroot sandbox, e.g. /usr/sandbox. This can be
done by using null mounts, or manually.

There is a shell script called pkgsrc/mk/bulk/mksandbox which will set up the
sandbox environment using null mounts. It will also create a script called
sandbox in the root of the sandbox environment, which will allow the null
mounts to be activated using the sandbox mount command and deactivated using
the sandbox umount command.

To set up a sandbox environment by hand, after extracting all the sets from a
NetBSD installation or doing a make distribution DESTDIR=/usr/sandbox in /usr/
src/etc, be sure the following items are present and properly configured:

 1. Kernel

    # cp /netbsd /usr/sandbox

 2. /dev/*

    # cd /usr/sandbox/dev ; sh MAKEDEV all

 3. /etc/resolv.conf (for security/smtpd and mail):

    # cp /etc/resolv.conf /usr/sandbox/etc

 4. Working(!) mail config (hostname, sendmail.cf):

    # cp /etc/mail/sendmail.cf /usr/sandbox/etc/mail

 5. /etc/localtime (for security/smtpd):

    # ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC /usr/sandbox/etc/localtime

 6. /usr/src (system sources, for sysutils/aperture, net/ppp-mppe):

    # ln -s ../disk1/cvs .
    # ln -s cvs/src-2.0 src

 7. Create /var/db/pkg (not part of default install):

    # mkdir /usr/sandbox/var/db/pkg

 8. Create /usr/pkg (not part of default install):

    # mkdir /usr/sandbox/usr/pkg

 9. Checkout pkgsrc via cvs into /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc:

    # cd /usr/sandbox/usr
    # cvs -d anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot checkout -d -P pkgsrc

    Do not mount/link this to the copy of your pkgsrc tree you do development
    in, as this will likely cause problems!

10. Make /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc/packages and .../distfiles point somewhere
    appropriate. NFS- and/or nullfs-mounts may come in handy!

11. Edit /etc/mk.conf, see Section 6.3.1.1, "/etc/mk.conf".

12. Adjust mk/bulk/build.conf to suit your needs.

13. If you have set CVS_USER in build.conf, make sure that account exists and
    can do a cvs ${CVS_FLAGS} update properly!

When the chroot sandbox is setup, you can start the build with the following
steps:

# cd /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc
# sh mk/bulk/do-sandbox-build

This will just jump inside the sandbox and start building. At the end of the
build, mail will be sent with the results of the build. Created binary pkgs
will be in /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc/packages (wherever that points/mounts to/
from).

6.3.7. Building a partial set of packages

In addition to building a complete set of all packages in pkgsrc, the pkgsrc/mk
/bulk/build script may be used to build a subset of the packages contained in
pkgsrc. By setting defining SPECIFIC_PKGS in /etc/mk.conf, the variables

  * SITE_SPECIFIC_PKGS

  * HOST_SPECIFIC_PKGS

  * GROUP_SPECIFIC_PKGS

  * USER_SPECIFIC_PKGS

will define the set of packages which should be built. The bulk build code will
also include any packages which are needed as dependencies for the explicitly
listed packages.

One use of this is to do a bulk build with SPECIFIC_PKGS in a chroot sandbox
periodically to have a complete set of the binary packages needed for your site
available without the overhead of building extra packages that are not needed.

6.3.8. Uploading results of a bulk build

This section describes how pkgsrc developers can upload binary pkgs built by
bulk builds to ftp.NetBSD.org.

If you would like to automatically create checksum files for the binary
packages you intend to upload, remember to set MKSUMS=yes in your mk/bulk/
build.conf.

If you would like to PGP sign the checksum files (highly recommended!),
remember to set SIGN_AS=username@NetBSD.org in your mk/bulk/build.conf. This
will prompt you for your GPG password to sign the files before uploading
everything.

Then, make sure that you have RSYNC_DST set properly in your mk/bulk/build.conf
file, i.e. adjust it to something like one of the following:

RSYNC_DST=$CVS_USER@ftp.NetBSD.org:/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc-200xQy/NetBSD-a.b.c/arch/upload

Please use appropviate values for "pkgsrc-200xQy", "NetBSD-a.b.c" and "arch"
here. If your login on ftp.NetBSD.org is different from CVS_USER, write your
login directly into the variable, e.g. my local account is "feyrer", but for my
login "hubertf", I use:

RSYNC_DST=hubertf@ftp.NetBSD.org:/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc-200xQy/NetBSD-a.b.c/arch/upload

A separate upload directory is used here to allow "closing" the directory
during upload. To do so, run the following command on ftp.NetBSD.org next:

nbftp% mkdir -p -m 750 /pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc-200xQy/NetBSD-a.b.c/arch/upload

Please note that /pub/NetBSD/packages is only appropriate for packages for the
NetBSD operating system. Binary packages for other operating systems should go
into /pub/pkgsrc.

Before uploading the binary pkgs, ssh authentication needs to be set up. This
example shows how to setup temporary keys for the root account inside the
sandbox (assuming that no keys should be present there usually):

# chroot /usr/sandbox
chroot-# rm $HOME/.ssh/id-dsa*
chroot-# ssh-keygen -t dsa
chroot-# cat $HOME/.ssh/id-dsa.pub

Now take the output of id-dsa.pub and append it to your ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
file on ftp.NetBSD.org. You can remove the key after the upload is done!

Next, test if your ssh connection really works:

chroot-# ssh ftp.NetBSD.org date

Use "-l yourNetBSDlogin" here as appropriate!

Now after all this works, you can exit the sandbox and start the upload:

chroot-# exit
# cd /usr/sandbox/usr/pkgsrc
# sh mk/bulk/do-sandbox-upload

The upload process may take quite some time. Use ls(1) or du(1) on the FTP
server to monitor progress of the upload. The upload script will take care of
not uploading restricted packages and putting vulnerable packages into the
vulnerable subdirectory.

After the upload has ended, first thing is to revoke ssh access:

nbftp% vi ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
Gdd:x!

Use whatever is needed to remove the key you've entered before! Last, move the
uploaded packages out of the upload directory to have them accessible to
everyone:

nbftp% cd /pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc-200xQy/NetBSD-a.b.c/arch
nbftp% mv upload/* .
nbftp% rmdir upload
nbftp% chmod 755 .

6.4. Creating a multiple CD-ROM packages collection

After your pkgsrc bulk-build has completed, you may wish to create a CD-ROM set
of the resulting binary packages to assist in installing packages on other
machines. The pkgtools/cdpack package provides a simple tool for creating the
ISO 9660 images. cdpack arranges the packages on the CD-ROMs in a way that
keeps all the dependencies for given package on the same CD as that package.

6.4.1. Example of cdpack

Complete documentation for cdpack is found in the cdpack(1) manpage. The
following short example assumes that the binary packages are left in /usr/
pkgsrc/packages/All and that sufficient disk space exists in /u2 to hold the
ISO 9660 images.

# mkdir /u2/images
# pkg_add /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All/cdpack
# cdpack /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All /u2/images

If you wish to include a common set of files (COPYRIGHT, README, etc.) on each
CD in the collection, then you need to create a directory which contains these
files. e.g.

# mkdir /tmp/common
# echo "This is a README" > /tmp/common/README
# echo "Another file" > /tmp/common/COPYING
# mkdir /tmp/common/bin
# echo "#!/bin/sh" > /tmp/common/bin/myscript
# echo "echo Hello world" >> /tmp/common/bin/myscript
# chmod 755 /tmp/common/bin/myscript

Now create the images:

# cdpack -x /tmp/common /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All /u2/images

Each image will contain README, COPYING, and bin/myscript in their root
directories.

Chapter 7. Frequently Asked Questions

Table of Contents

7.1. Are there any mailing lists for pkg-related discussion?
7.2. Where's the pkgviews documentation?
7.3. Utilities for package management (pkgtools)
7.4. How to use pkgsrc as non-root
7.5. How to resume transfers when fetching distfiles?
7.6. How can I install/use XFree86 from pkgsrc?
7.7. How can I install/use X.org from pkgsrc?
7.8. How to fetch files from behind a firewall
7.9. How do I tell make fetch to do passive FTP?
7.10. How to fetch all distfiles at once
7.11. What does "Don't know how to make /usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc" mean?
7.12. What does "Could not find bsd.own.mk" mean?
7.13. Using 'sudo' with pkgsrc
7.14. How do I change the location of configuration files?
7.15. Automated security checks

This section contains hints, tips & tricks on special things in pkgsrc that we
didn't find a better place for in the previous chapters, and it contains items
for both pkgsrc users and developers.

7.1. Are there any mailing lists for pkg-related discussion?

The following mailing lists may be of interest to pkgsrc users:

  * pkgsrc-bugs: A list where problem reports related to pkgsrc are sent and
    discussed.

  * pkgsrc-bulk: A list where the results of pkgsrc bulk builds are sent and
    discussed.

  * pkgsrc-changes: A list where all commit messages to pkgsrc are sent.

  * tech-pkg: A general discussion list for all things related to pkgsrc.

To subscribe, do:

% echo subscribe listname | mail majordomo@NetBSD.org

Archives for all these mailing lists are available from http://
mail-index.NetBSD.org/.

7.2. Where's the pkgviews documentation?

Pkgviews is tightly integrated with buildlink. You can find a pkgviews User's
guide in pkgsrc/mk/buildlink3/PKGVIEWS_UG.

7.3. Utilities for package management (pkgtools)

The pkgsrc/pkgtools directory pkgtools contains a number of useful utilities
for both users and developers of pkgsrc. This section attempts only to make the
reader aware of the utilities and when they might be useful, and not to
duplicate the documentation that comes with each package.

Utilities used by pkgsrc (automatically installed when needed):

  * pkgtools/x11-links: Symlinks for use by buildlink.

OS tool augmentation (automatically installed when needed):

  * pkgtools/digest: Calculates various kinds of checksums (including SHA1).

  * pkgtools/libnbcompat: Compatibility library for pkgsrc tools.

  * pkgtools/mtree: Installed on non-BSD systems due to lack of native mtree.

  * pkgtools/pkg_install: Up-to-date replacement for /usr/sbin/pkg_install, or
    for use on operating systems where pkg_install is not present.

Utilities used by pkgsrc (not automatically installed):

  * pkgtools/pkg_tarup: Create a binary package from an already-installed
    package. Used by make replace to save the old package.

  * pkgtools/dfdisk: Adds extra functionality to pkgsrc, allowing it to fetch
    distfiles from multiple locations. It currently supports the following
    methods: multiple CD-ROMs and network FTP/HTTP connections.

  * pkgtools/xpkgwedge: Put X11 packages someplace else (enabled by default).

  * devel/cpuflags: Determine the best compiler flags to optimise code for your
    current CPU and compiler.

Utilities for keeping track of installed packages, being up to date, etc:

  * pkgtools/pkg_chk: Reports on packages whose installed versions do not match
    the latest pkgsrc entries.

  * pkgtools/pkgdep: Makes dependency graphs of packages, to aid in choosing a
    strategy for updating.

  * pkgtools/pkgdepgraph: Makes graphs from the output of pkgtools/pkgdep (uses
    graphviz).

  * pkgtools/pkglint: The pkglint(1) program checks a pkgsrc entry for errors,
    lintpkgsrc(1) does various checks on the complete pkgsrc system.

  * pkgtools/pkgsurvey: Report what packages you have installed.

Utilities for people maintaining or creating individual packages:

  * pkgtools/pkgdiff: Automate making and maintaining patches for a package
    (includes pkgdiff, pkgvi, mkpatches, etc.).

  * pkgtools/rpm2pkg, pkgtools/url2pkg: Aids in converting to pkgsrc.

  * pkgtools/gensolpkg: Convert pkgsrc to a Solaris package.

Utilities for people maintaining pkgsrc (or more obscure pkg utilities)

  * pkgtools/pkgconflict: Find packages that conflict but aren't marked as
    such.

  * pkgtools/pkg_comp: Build packages in a chrooted area.

  * pkgtools/libkver: Spoof kernel version for chrooted cross builds.

7.4. How to use pkgsrc as non-root

If you want to use pkgsrc as non-root user, you can set some variables to make
pkgsrc work under these conditions. At the very least, you need to set
UNPRIVILEGED to "yes"; this will turn on unprivileged mode and set multiple
related variables to allow installation of packages as non-root.

In case the defaults are not enough, you may want to tune some other variables
used. For example, if the automatic user/group detection leads to incorrect
values (or not the ones you would like to use), you can change them by setting
UNPRIVILEGED_USER and UNPRIVILEGED_GROUP respectively.

As regards bootstrapping, please note that the bootstrap script will ease
non-root configuration when given the "--ignore-user-check" flag, as it will
choose and use multiple default directories under ~/pkg as the installation
targets. These directories can be overriden by the "--prefix" flag provided by
the script, as well as some others that allow finer tuning of the tree layout.

7.5. How to resume transfers when fetching distfiles?

By default resuming transfers in pkgsrc is disabled, but you can enable this
feature by adding the option PKG_RESUME_TRANSFERS=YES into /etc/mk.conf. If,
during a fetch step, an incomplete distfile is found, pkgsrc will try to resume
it.

You can also use a different program than the default ftp(1) by changing the
FETCH_CMD variable. Don't forget to set FETCH_RESUME_ARGS and FETCH_OUTPUT_ARGS
if you are not using default values.

For example, if you want to use wget to resume downloads, you'll have to use
something like:

FETCH_CMD=wget
FETCH_BEFORE_ARGS=--passive-ftp
FETCH_RESUME_ARGS=-c
FETCH_OUTPUT_ARGS=-O

7.6. How can I install/use XFree86 from pkgsrc?

If you want to use XFree86 from pkgsrc instead of your system's own X11 (/usr/
X11R6, /usr/openwin, ...), you will have to add the following line into /etc/
mk.conf:

X11_TYPE=XFree86

7.7. How can I install/use X.org from pkgsrc?

If you want to use X.org from pkgsrc instead of your system's own X11 (/usr/
X11R6, /usr/openwin, ...) you will have to add the following line into /etc/
mk.conf:

X11_TYPE=xorg

7.8. How to fetch files from behind a firewall

If you are sitting behind a firewall which does not allow direct connections to
Internet hosts (i.e. non-NAT), you may specify the relevant proxy hosts. This
is done using an environment variable in the form of a URL e.g. in Amdahl, the
machine "orpheus.amdahl.com" is one of the firewalls, and it uses port 80 as
the proxy port number. So the proxy environment variables are:

ftp_proxy=ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/
http_proxy=http://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/

7.9. How do I tell make fetch to do passive FTP?

This depends on which utility is used to retrieve distfiles. From bsd.pkg.mk,
FETCH_CMD is assigned the first available command from the following list:

  * ${LOCALBASE}/bin/ftp

  * /usr/bin/ftp

On a default NetBSD installation, this will be /usr/bin/ftp, which
automatically tries passive connections first, and falls back to active
connections if the server refuses to do passive. For the other tools, add the
following to your /etc/mk.conf file: PASSIVE_FETCH=1.

Having that option present will prevent /usr/bin/ftp from falling back to
active transfers.

7.10. How to fetch all distfiles at once

You would like to download all the distfiles in a single batch from work or
university, where you can't run a make fetch. There is an archive of distfiles
on ftp.NetBSD.org, but downloading the entire directory may not be appropriate.

The answer here is to do a make fetch-list in /usr/pkgsrc or one of it's
subdirectories, carry the resulting list to your machine at work/school and use
it there. If you don't have a NetBSD-compatible ftp(1) (like lukemftp) at work,
don't forget to set FETCH_CMD to something that fetches a URL:

At home:

% cd /usr/pkgsrc
% make fetch-list FETCH_CMD=wget DISTDIR=/tmp/distfiles >/tmp/fetch.sh
% scp /tmp/fetch.sh work:/tmp

At work:

% sh /tmp/fetch.sh

then tar up /tmp/distfiles and take it home.

If you have a machine running NetBSD, and you want to get all distfiles (even
ones that aren't for your machine architecture), you can do so by using the
above-mentioned make fetch-list approach, or fetch the distfiles directly by
running:

% make mirror-distfiles

If you even decide to ignore NO_{SRC,BIN}_ON_{FTP,CDROM}, then you can get
everything by running:

% make fetch NO_SKIP=yes

7.11. What does "Don't know how to make /usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc" mean?

When compiling the pkgtools/pkg_install package, you get the error from make
that it doesn't know how to make /usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc? This indicates
that you don't have installed the "text" set (nroff, ...) from the NetBSD base
distribution on your machine. It is recommended to do that to format manpages.

In the case of the pkgtools/pkg_install package, you can get away with setting
NOMAN=YES either in the environment or in /etc/mk.conf.

7.12. What does "Could not find bsd.own.mk" mean?

You didn't install the compiler set, comp.tgz, when you installed your NetBSD
machine. Please get it and install it, by extracting it in /:

# cd /
# tar --unlink -zxvpf .../comp.tgz

comp.tgz is part of every NetBSD release. Get the one that corresponds to your
release (determine via uname -r).

7.13. Using 'sudo' with pkgsrc

When installing packages as non-root user and using the just-in-time su(1)
feature of pkgsrc, it can become annoying to type in the root password for each
required package installed. To avoid this, the sudo package can be used, which
does password caching over a limited time. To use it, install sudo (either as
binary package or from security/sudo) and then put the following into your /etc
/mk.conf:

.if exists(${LOCALBASE}/bin/sudo)
SU_CMD=${LOCALBASE}/bin/sudo /bin/sh -c
.endif

7.14. How do I change the location of configuration files?

As the system administrator, you can choose where configuration files are
installed. The default settings make all these files go into ${PREFIX}/etc or
some of its subdirectories; this may be suboptimal depending on your
expectations (e.g., a read-only, NFS-exported PREFIX with a need of per-machine
configuration of the provided packages).

In order to change the defaults, you can modify the PKG_SYSCONFBASE variable
(in /etc/mk.conf) to point to your preferred configuration directory; some
common examples include /etc or /etc/pkg.

Furthermore, you can change this value on a per-package basis by setting the
PKG_SYSCONFDIR.${PKG_SYSCONFVAR} variable. PKG_SYSCONFVAR's value usually
matches the name of the package you would like to modify, that is, the contents
of PKGBASE.

Note that, after changing these settings, you must rebuild and reinstall any
affected packages.

7.15. Automated security checks

Please be aware that there can often be bugs in third-party software, and some
of these bugs can leave a machine vulnerable to exploitation by attackers. In
an effort to lessen the exposure, the NetBSD packages team maintains a database
of known-exploits to packages which have at one time been included in pkgsrc.
The database can be downloaded automatically, and a security audit of all
packages installed on a system can take place. To do this, install the security
/audit-packages package. It has two components:

 1. download-vulnerability-list, an easy way to download a list of the security
    vulnerabilities information. This list is kept up to date by the NetBSD
    security officer and the NetBSD packages team, and is distributed from the
    NetBSD ftp server:

    ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles/pkg-vulnerabilities

 2. audit-packages, an easy way to audit the current machine, checking each
    vulnerability which is known. If a vulnerable package is installed, it will
    be shown by output to stdout, including a description of the type of
    vulnerability, and a URL containing more information.

Use of the security/audit-packages package is strongly recommended! After
"audit-packages" is installed, please read the package's message, which you can
get by running pkg_info -D audit-package.

The pkgsrc developer's guide

Table of Contents

8. Package components - files, directories and contents

    8.1. Makefile
    8.2. distinfo
    8.3. patches/*
    8.4. Other mandatory files
    8.5. Optional files
    8.6. work*
    8.7. files/*

9. Programming in Makefiles

    9.1. Makefile variables

        9.1.1. Naming conventions

    9.2. Code snippets

        9.2.1. Adding things to a list
        9.2.2. Converting an internal list into an external list
        9.2.3. Passing variables to a shell command
        9.2.4. Quoting guideline
        9.2.5. Workaround for a bug in BSD Make

10. PLIST issues

    10.1. RCS ID
    10.2. Semi-automatic PLIST generation
    10.3. Tweaking output of make print-PLIST
    10.4. Variable substitution in PLIST
    10.5. Manpage-compression
    10.6. Changing PLIST source with PLIST_SRC
    10.7. Platform specific and differing PLISTs
    10.8. Sharing directories between packages

11. Buildlink methodology

    11.1. Converting packages to use buildlink3
    11.2. Writing buildlink3.mk files

        11.2.1. Anatomy of a buildlink3.mk file
        11.2.2. Updating BUILDLINK_DEPENDS. pkg in buildlink3.mk files

    11.3. Writing builtin.mk files

        11.3.1. Anatomy of a builtin.mk file
        11.3.2. Global preferences for native or pkgsrc software

12. The pkginstall framework

    12.1. Files and directories outside the installation prefix

        12.1.1. Directory manipulation
        12.1.2. File manipulation

    12.2. Configuration files

        12.2.1. How PKG_SYSCONFDIR is set
        12.2.2. Telling the software were configuration files are
        12.2.3. Patching installations
        12.2.4. Disabling handling of configuration files

    12.3. System startup scripts

        12.3.1. Disabling handling of system startup scripts

    12.4. System users and groups
    12.5. System shells

        12.5.1. Disabling handling of configuration files

13. Options handling

    13.1. Global default options
    13.2. Converting packages to use bsd.options.mk

14. The build process

    14.1. Program location
    14.2. Main targets
    14.3. Other helpful targets

15. Notes on fixes for packages

    15.1. General operation

        15.1.1. How to pull in variables from /etc/mk.conf
        15.1.2. Where to install documentation
        15.1.3. Restricted packages
        15.1.4. Handling dependencies
        15.1.5. Handling conflicts with other packages
        15.1.6. Packages that cannot or should not be built
        15.1.7. Packages which should not be deleted, once installed
        15.1.8. Handling packages with security problems
        15.1.9. How to handle compiler bugs
        15.1.10. How to handle incrementing versions when fixing an existing
            package
        15.1.11. Portability of packages

    15.2. Possible downloading issues

        15.2.1. Packages whose distfiles aren't available for plain downloading
        15.2.2. How to handle modified distfiles with the 'old' name

    15.3. Configuration gotchas

        15.3.1. Shared libraries - libtool
        15.3.2. Using libtool on GNU packages that already support libtool
        15.3.3. GNU Autoconf/Automake

    15.4. Building considerations

        15.4.1. CPP defines

    15.5. Package specific actions

        15.5.1. User interaction
        15.5.2. Handling licenses
        15.5.3. Installing score files
        15.5.4. Packages containing perl scripts
        15.5.5. Packages with hardcoded paths to other interpreters
        15.5.6. Packages installing perl modules
        15.5.7. Packages installing info files
        15.5.8. Packages installing GConf2 data files
        15.5.9. Packages installing scrollkeeper data files
        15.5.10. Packages installing X11 fonts
        15.5.11. Packages installing GTK2 modules
        15.5.12. Packages installing SGML or XML data
        15.5.13. Packages installing extensions to the MIME database
        15.5.14. Packages using intltool
        15.5.15. Packages installing startup scripts

    15.6. Feedback to the author

16. Debugging
17. Submitting and Committing

    17.1. Submitting your packages
    17.2. General notes when adding, updating, or removing packages
    17.3. Committing: Importing a package into CVS
    17.4. Updating a package to a newer version
    17.5. Moving a package in pkgsrc

Chapter 8. Package components - files, directories and contents

Table of Contents

8.1. Makefile
8.2. distinfo
8.3. patches/*
8.4. Other mandatory files
8.5. Optional files
8.6. work*
8.7. files/*

Whenever you're preparing a package, there are a number of files involved which
are described in the following sections.

8.1. Makefile

Building, installation and creation of a binary package are all controlled by
the package's Makefile. The Makefile describes various things about a package,
for example from where to get it, how to configure, build, and install it.

A package Makefile contains several sections that describe the package.

In the first section there are the following variables, which should appear
exactly in the order given here.

  * DISTNAME is the basename of the distribution file to be downloaded from the
    package's website.

  * PKGNAME is the name of the package, as used by pkgsrc. You only need to
    provide it if it differs from DISTNAME. Usually it is the directory name
    together with the version number. It must match the regular expression ^
    [A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9-_.+]*$, that is, it starts with a letter or digit,
    and contains only letters, digits, dashes, underscores, dots and plus
    signs.

  * CATEGORIES is a list of categories which the package fits in. You can
    choose any of the top-level directories of pkgsrc for it.

  * MASTER_SITES is a list of URLs where the distribution files can be
    downloaded. Each URL must end with a slash.

The second section contains the following variables.

  * MAINTAINER is the mail address of the package's maintainer, which is the
    person you can contact when the package does not work.

  * HOMEPAGE is a URL where users can find more information about the package.

  * COMMENT is a one-line comment about the purpose of the package.

The MASTER_SITES may be set to one of the predefined sites:

        ${MASTER_SITE_APACHE}
        ${MASTER_SITE_BACKUP}
        ${MASTER_SITE_CYGWIN}
        ${MASTER_SITE_DEBIAN}
        ${MASTER_SITE_FREEBSD}
        ${MASTER_SITE_FREEBSD_LOCAL}
        ${MASTER_SITE_GNOME}
        ${MASTER_SITE_GNU}
        ${MASTER_SITE_GNUSTEP}
        ${MASTER_SITE_IFARCHIVE}
        ${MASTER_SITE_MOZILLA}
        ${MASTER_SITE_OPENOFFICE}
        ${MASTER_SITE_PERL_CPAN}
        ${MASTER_SITE_R_CRAN}
        ${MASTER_SITE_SOURCEFORGE}
        ${MASTER_SITE_SUNSITE}
        ${MASTER_SITE_SUSE}
        ${MASTER_SITE_TEX_CTAN}
        ${MASTER_SITE_XCONTRIB}
        ${MASTER_SITE_XEMACS}


If one of these predefined sites is chosen, you may require the ability to
specify a subdirectory of that site. Since these macros may expand to more than
one actual site, you must use the following construct to specify a
subdirectory:

        ${MASTER_SITE_GNU:=subdirectory/name/}
        ${MASTER_SITE_SOURCEFORGE:=project_name/}

Note the trailing slash after the subdirectory name.

Note

MASTER_SITE_SUBDIR has been deprecated and should no longer be used.

If the package has multiple DISTFILES or multiple PATCHFILES from different
sites, set SITES_foo to a list of URI's where file "foo" may be found. "foo"
includes the suffix, e.g.

DISTFILES=      ${DISTNAME}${EXTRACT_SUFX}
DISTFILES+=     foo-file.tar.gz
SITES_foo-file.tar.gz=http://www.somewhere.com/somehow/ \
        http://www.somewhereelse.com/mirror/somehow/

Note that the normal default setting of DISTFILES must be made explicit if you
want to add to it (rather than replace it), as you usually would.

Currently the following values are available for CATEGORIES. If more than one
is used, they need to be separated by spaces:

archivers     cross         geography     meta-pkgs     security
audio         databases     graphics      misc          shells
benchmarks    devel         ham           multimedia    sysutils
biology       editors       inputmethod   net           textproc
cad           emulators     lang          news          time
chat          finance       mail          parallel      wm
comms         fonts         math          pkgtools      www
converters    games         mbone         print         x11

Please pay attention to the following gotchas:

  * Add MANCOMPRESSED if manpages are installed in compressed form by the
    package; see comment in bsd.pkg.mk.

  * Replace /usr/local with "${PREFIX}" in all files (see patches, below).

  * If the package installs any info files, see Section 15.5.7, "Packages
    installing info files".

  * Set MAINTAINER to be yourself. If you really can't maintain the package for
    future updates, set it to <tech-pkg@NetBSD.org>.

  * If a home page for the software in question exists, add the variable
    HOMEPAGE right after MAINTAINER. The value of this variable should be the
    URL for the home page.

  * Be sure to set the COMMENT variable to a short description of the package,
    not containing the pkg's name.

8.2. distinfo

Most important, the mandatory message digest, or checksum, of all the distfiles
needed for the package to compile, confirming they match the original file
distributed by the author. This ensures that the distfile retrieved from the
Internet has not been corrupted during transfer or altered by a malign force to
introduce a security hole. It is generated using the make makesum command. The
digest algorithm used was, at one stage, md5, but that was felt lacking
compared to sha1, and so sha1 is now the default algorithm. The distfile size
is also generated and stored in new distinfo files. The pkgtools/digest utility
calculates all of the digests in the distinfo file, and it provides various
different algorithms. At the current time, the algorithms provided are: md5,
rmd160, sha1, sha256, sha384 and sha512.

Some packages have different sets of distfiles on a per architecture basis, for
example www/navigator). These are kept in the same distinfo file and care
should be taken when upgrading such a package to ensure distfile information is
not lost.

The message digest/checksum for all the official patches found in the patches/
directory (see Section 8.3, "patches/*") for the package is also stored in the
distinfo file. This is a message digest/checksum of all lines in the patch file
except the NetBSD RCS Id. This file is generated by invoking make makepatchsum
(or make mps if you're in a hurry).

8.3. patches/*

This directory contains files that are used by the patch(1) command to modify
the sources as distributed in the distribution file into a form that will
compile and run perfectly on NetBSD. The files are applied successively in
alphabetic order (as returned by a shell "patches/patch-*" glob expansion), so
patch-aa is applied before patch-ab, etc.

The patch-* files should be in diff -bu format, and apply without a fuzz to
avoid problems. (To force patches to apply with fuzz you can set
PATCH_FUZZ_FACTOR=-F2). Furthermore, do not put changes for more than one file
into a single patch-file, as this will make future modifications more
difficult.

Similar, a file should be patched at most once, not several times by several
different patches. If a file needs several patches, they should be combined
into one file.

One important thing to mention is to pay attention that no RCS IDs get stored
in the patch files, as these will cause problems when later checked into the
NetBSD CVS tree. Use the pkgdiff from the pkgtools/pkgdiff package to avoid
these problems.

For even more automation, we recommend using mkpatches from the same package to
make a whole set of patches. You just have to backup files before you edit them
to filename.orig, e.g. with cp -p filename filename.orig or, easier, by using
pkgvi again from the same package. If you upgrade a package this way, you can
easily compare the new set of patches with the previously existing one with
patchdiff.

When you have finished a package, remember to generate the checksums for the
patch files by using the make makepatchsum command, see Section 8.2, "distinfo"
.

Patch files that are distributed by the author or other maintainers can be
listed in $PATCHFILES.

If it is desired to store any patches that should not be committed into pkgsrc,
they can be kept outside the pkgsrc tree in the $LOCALPATCHES directory. The
directory tree there is expected to have the same "category/package" structure
as pkgsrc, and patches are expected to be stored inside these dirs (also known
as $LOCALPATCHES/$PKGPATH). For example if you want to keep a private patch for
pkgsrc/graphics/png, keep it in $LOCALPATCHES/graphics/png/mypatch. All files
in the named directory are expected to be patch files, and they are applied
after pkgsrc patches are applied.

8.4. Other mandatory files

DESCR

    A multi-line description of the piece of software. This should include any
    credits where they are due. Please bear in mind that others do not share
    your sense of humour (or spelling idiosyncrasies), and that others will
    read everything that you write here.

PLIST

    This file governs the files that are installed on your system: all the
    binaries, manual pages, etc. There are other directives which may be
    entered in this file, to control the creation and deletion of directories,
    and the location of inserted files. See Chapter 10, PLIST issues for more
    information.

8.5. Optional files

INSTALL

    This shell script is invoked twice by pkg_add(1). First time after package
    extraction and before files are moved in place, the second time after the
    files to install are moved in place. This can be used to do any custom
    procedures not possible with @exec commands in PLIST. See pkg_add(1) and
    pkg_create(1) for more information.

DEINSTALL

    This script is executed before and after any files are removed. It is this
    script's responsibility to clean up any additional messy details around the
    package's installation, since all pkg_delete knows is how to delete the
    files created in the original distribution. See pkg_delete(1) and
    pkg_create(1) for more information.

MESSAGE

    Display this file after installation of the package. Useful for things like
    legal notices on almost-free software and hints for updating config files
    after installing modules for apache, PHP etc. Please note that you can
    modify variables in it easily by using MESSAGE_SUBST in the package's
    Makefile:

    MESSAGE_SUBST+=  SOMEVAR="somevalue"

    replaces "${SOMEVAR}" with "somevalue" in MESSAGE.

8.6. work*

When you type make the distribution files are unpacked into this directory. It
can be removed by running make clean. Besides the sources, this directory is
also used to keep various timestamp files.

If a package doesn't create a subdirectory for itself (like GNU software does,
for instance), but extracts itself in the current directory, you should set
WRKSRC accordingly, e.g. editors/sam again, but the quick answer is:

WRKSRC=             ${WRKDIR}

Please note that the old NO_WRKSUBDIR has been deprecated and should not be
used. Also, if your package doesn't create a subdir with the name of DISTNAME
but some different name, set WRKSRC to point to the proper name in ${WRKDIR}.
See lang/tcl and x11/tk for examples, and here is another one:

WRKSRC=         ${WRKDIR}/${DISTNAME}/unix

The name of the working directory created by pkgsrc is work by default. If the
same pkgsrc tree should be used on several different platforms, the variable
OBJMACHINE can be set in /etc/mk.conf to attach the platform to the directory
name, e.g. work.i386 or work.sparc.

8.7. files/*

If you have any files that you wish to be placed in the package prior to
configuration or building, you could place these files here and use a "${CP}"
command in the "pre-configure" target to achieve this. Alternatively, you could
simply diff the file against /dev/null and use the patch mechanism to manage
the creation of this file.

Chapter 9. Programming in Makefiles

Table of Contents

9.1. Makefile variables

    9.1.1. Naming conventions

9.2. Code snippets

    9.2.1. Adding things to a list
    9.2.2. Converting an internal list into an external list
    9.2.3. Passing variables to a shell command
    9.2.4. Quoting guideline
    9.2.5. Workaround for a bug in BSD Make

Pkgsrc consists of many Makefile fragments, each of which forms a well-defined
part of the pkgsrc system. Using the make(1) system as a programming language
for a big system like pkgsrc requires some discipline to keep the code correct
and understandable.

The basic ingredients for Makefile programming are variables (which are
actually macros) and shell commands. Among these shell commands may even be
more complex ones like awk(1) programs. To make sure that every shell command
runs as intended it is necessary to quote all variables correctly when they are
used.

This chapter describes some patterns, that appear quite often in Makefiles,
including the pitfalls that come along with them.

9.1. Makefile variables

Makefile variables contain strings that can be processed using the five
operators ``='', ``+='', ``?='', ``:='', and ``!='', which are described in the
make(1) man page.

When a variable's value is parsed from a Makefile, the hash character ``#'' and
the backslash character ``\'' are handled specially. If a backslash is followed
by a newline, any whitespace immediately in front of the backslash, the
backslash, the newline, and any whitespace immediately behind the newline are
replaced with a single space. A backspace character and an immediately
following hash character are replaced with a single hash character. Otherwise
the backslash is passed as is. In a variable assignment, any hash character
that is not preceded by a backslash starts a comment that continues upto the
end of the logical line.

Note: Because of this parsing algorithm the only way to create a variable
consisting of a single backslash is using the ``!='' operator, for example:
BACKSLASH!=echo "\\".

So far for defining variables. The other thing you can do with variables is
evaluating them. A variable is evaluated when it is part of the right side of
the ``:='' or the ``!='' operator, or directly before executing a shell command
which the variable is part of. In all other cases make(1) performs lazy
evaluation, that is, variables are not evaluated until there's no other way.
The ``modifiers'' mentioned in the man page also evaluate the variable.

Some of the modifiers split the string into words and then operate on the
words, others operate on the string as a whole. When a string is splitted into
words, it is splitted as you would expect it from sh(1).

No rule without exception?the .for loop does not follow the shell quoting rules
but splits at sequences of whitespace.

There are several types of variables that should be handled differently.
Strings and two types of lists.

  * Strings can contain arbitrary characters. Nevertheless you should restrict
    yourself to only using printable characters. Examples are PREFIX and
    COMMENT.

  * Internal lists are lists that are never exported to any shell command.
    Their elements are separated by whitespace. Therefore the elements
    themselves cannot have embedded whitespace. Any other characters are
    allowed. Internal lists can be used in .for loops. Examples are DEPENDS and
    BUILD_DEPENDS.

  * External lists are lists that may be exported to a shell command. Their
    elements can contain any characters, including whitespace. That's why they
    cannot be used in .for loops. Examples are DISTFILES and MASTER_SITES.

9.1.1. Naming conventions

  * All variable names starting with an underscore are reserved for use by the
    pkgsrc infrastructure. They shall not be used by package Makefiles.

  * In .for loops you should use lowercase variable names for the iteration
    variables.

  * All list variables should have a ``plural'' name, e.g. PKG_OPTIONS or
    DISTFILES.

9.2. Code snippets

This section presents you with some code snippets you should use in your own
code. If you don't find anything appropriate here, you should test your code
and add it here.

9.2.1. Adding things to a list

STRING=                 foo * bar `date`
INT_LIST=               # empty
ANOTHER_INT_LIST=       apache-[0-9]*:../../www/apache
EXT_LIST=               # empty
ANOTHER_EXT_LIST=       a=b c=d

INT_LIST+=              ${STRING}               # 1
INT_LIST+=              ${ANOTHER_INT_LIST}     # 2
EXT_LIST+=              ${STRING:Q}             # 3
EXT_LIST+=              ${ANOTHER_EXT_LIST}     # 4


When you add a string to an external list (example 3), it must be quoted. In
all other cases, you must not add a quoting level. You must not merge internal
and external lists, unless you are sure that all entries are correctly
interpreted in both lists.

9.2.2. Converting an internal list into an external list

EXT_LIST=       # empty
.for i in ${INT_LIST}
EXT_LIST+=      ${i:Q}""
.endfor


This code converts the internal list INT_LIST into the external list EXT_LIST.
As the elements of an internal list are unquoted they must be quoted here. The
reason for appending "" is explained below.

9.2.3. Passing variables to a shell command

STRING=         foo bar <    > * `date` $$HOME ' "
EXT_LIST=       string=${STRING:Q} x=second\ item

all:
        echo ${STRING}                  # 1
        echo "${STRING}"                # 2
        echo "${STRING:Q}"              # 3
        echo ${STRING:Q}                # 4
        echo x${STRING:Q} | sed 1s,.,,  # 5
        env ${EXT_LIST} /bin/sh -c 'echo "$$string"; echo "$$x"'


Example 1 leads to a syntax error in the shell, as the characters are just
copied.

Example 2 leads to a syntax error too, and if you leave out the last "
character from ${STRING}, date(1) will be executed. The $HOME shell variable
would be evaluated, too.

Example 3 outputs each space character preceded by a backslash (or not),
depending on the implementation of the echo(1) command.

Example 4 handles correctly every string that does not start with a dash. In
that case, the result depends on the implementation of the echo(1) command. As
long as you can guarantee that your input does not start with a dash this form
is appropriate.

Example 5 handles even the case of a leading dash correctly.

The EXT_LIST does not need to be quoted because the quoting has already be done
when adding elements to the list.

As internal lists shall not be passed to the shell, there is no example for it.

9.2.4. Quoting guideline

There are many possible sources of wrongly quoted variables. This section lists
some of the commonly known ones.

  * Whenever you use the value of a list, think about what happens to leading
    or trailing whitespace. If the list is a well-formed shell expression you
    can apply the :M* modifier to strip leading and trailing whitespace from
    each word. The :M operator first splits its argument according to the rules
    of the shell, and then creates a new list consisting of all words that
    match the shell glob expression *, that is: all. One class of situations
    where this is needed is when adding a variable like CPPFLAGS to
    CONFIGURE_ARGS. If the configure script invokes other configure scripts it
    strips the leading and trailing whitespace from the variable and then
    passes it to the other configure scripts. But these configure scripts
    expect the (child) CPPFLAGS variable to be the same as the parent CPPFLAGS.
    That's why we better pass the CPPFLAGS value properly trimmed. And here is
    how we do it:

    CPPFLAGS=               # empty
    CPPFLAGS+=              -Wundef -DPREFIX=\"${PREFIX:Q}\"
    CPPFLAGS+=              ${MY_CPPFLAGS}

    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=        CPPFLAGS=${CPPFLAGS:M*:Q}

    all:
            echo x${CPPFLAGS:Q}x            # leading and trailing whitespace
            echo x${CONFIGURE_ARGS}x        # properly trimmed


  * The example above contains one bug: The ${PREFIX} is a properly quoted
    shell expression, but there is the C compiler after it, which also expects
    a properly quoted string (this time in C syntax). The version above is
    therefore only correct if ${PREFIX} does not have embedded backslashes or
    double quotes. If you want to allow these, you have to add another layer of
    quoting to each variable that is used as a C string literal. You cannot use
    the :Q operator for it, as this operator only works for the shell.

  * Whenever a variable can be empty the :Q operator can have surprising
    results. Here are two completely different cases which can be solved with
    the same trick.

    EMPTY=                  # empty
    empty_test:
            for i in a ${EMPTY:Q} c; do \
                    echo "$$i"; \
            done

    for_test:
    .for i in a:\ a:\test.txt
            echo ${i:Q}
            echo "foo"
    .endfor


    The first example will only print two of the three lines we might have
    expected. This is because ${EMPTY:Q} expands to the empty string, which the
    shell cannot see. The workaround is to write ${EMPTY:Q}"". This pattern can
    be often found as ${TEST} -z ${VAR:Q} or as ${TEST} -f ${FNAME:Q} (both of
    these are wrong).

    The second example will only print three lines instead of four. The first
    line looks like a:\ echo foo. This is because the backslash of the value a:
    \ is interpreted as a line-continuation by make(1), which makes the second
    line the arguments of the echo(1) command from the first line. To avoid
    this, write ${i:Q}"".

9.2.5. Workaround for a bug in BSD Make

The pkgsrc bmake program does not handle the following assignment correctly. In
case _othervar_ contains a ``-'' character, one of the closing braces is
included in ${VAR} after this code executes.

        VAR:= ${VAR:N${_othervar_:C/-//}}


For a more complex code snippet and a workaround, see the package regress/
make-quoting, testcase bug1.

Chapter 10. PLIST issues

Table of Contents

10.1. RCS ID
10.2. Semi-automatic PLIST generation
10.3. Tweaking output of make print-PLIST
10.4. Variable substitution in PLIST
10.5. Manpage-compression
10.6. Changing PLIST source with PLIST_SRC
10.7. Platform specific and differing PLISTs
10.8. Sharing directories between packages

The PLIST file contains a package's "packing list", i.e. a list of files that
belong to the package (relative to the ${PREFIX} directory it's been installed
in) plus some additional statements - see the pkg_create(1) manpage for a full
list. This chapter addresses some issues that need attention when dealing with
the PLIST file (or files, see below!).

10.1. RCS ID

Be sure to add a RCS ID line as the first thing in any PLIST file you write:

@comment $NetBSD$

10.2. Semi-automatic PLIST generation

You can use the make print-PLIST command to output a PLIST that matches any new
files since the package was extracted. See Section 14.3, "Other helpful
targets" for more information on this target.

10.3. Tweaking output of make print-PLIST

If you have used any of the *-dirs packages, as explained in Section 10.8,
"Sharing directories between packages", you may have noticed that make
print-PLIST outputs a set of @comments instead of real @dirrm lines. You can
also do this for specific directories and files, so that the results of that
command are very close to reality. This helps a lot during the update of
packages.

The PRINT_PLIST_AWK variable takes a set of AWK patterns and actions that are
used to filter the output of print-PLIST. You can append any chunk of AWK
scripting you like to it, but be careful with quoting.

For example, to get all files inside the libdata/foo directory removed from the
resulting PLIST:

      PRINT_PLIST_AWK+= /^libdata\/foo/ { next; }


And to get all the @dirrm lines referring to a specific (shared) directory
converted to @comments:

      PRINT_PLIST_AWK+= /^@dirrm share\/specific/ { print "@comment " $$0; next; }


10.4. Variable substitution in PLIST

A number of variables are substituted automatically in PLISTs when a package is
installed on a system. This includes the following variables:

${MACHINE_ARCH}, ${MACHINE_GNU_ARCH}

    Some packages like emacs and perl embed information about which
    architecture they were built on into the pathnames where they install their
    file. To handle this case, PLIST will be preprocessed before actually used,
    and the symbol "${MACHINE_ARCH}" will be replaced by what uname -p gives.
    The same is done if the string ${MACHINE_GNU_ARCH} is embedded in PLIST
    somewhere - use this on packages that have GNU autoconf created configure
    scripts.

    Legacy note

    There used to be a symbol "$ARCH" that was replaced by the output of uname
    -m, but that's no longer supported and has been removed.

${OPSYS}, ${LOWER_OPSYS}, ${OS_VERSION}

    Some packages want to embed the OS name and version into some paths. To do
    this, use these variables in the PLIST:

      * ${OPSYS} - output of "uname -s"

      * ${LOWER_OPSYS} - lowercase common name (eg. "solaris")

      * ${OS_VERSION} - "uname -r"

${PKGLOCALEDIR}

    Packages that install locale files should list them in the PLIST as "$
    {PKGLOCALEDIR}/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/..." instead of "share/locale/de/
    LC_MESSAGES/...". This properly handles the fact that different operating
    systems expect locale files to be either in share or lib by default.

For a complete list of values which are replaced by default, please look in
bsd.pkg.mk (and search for PLIST_SUBST).

If you want to change other variables not listed above, you can add variables
and their expansions to this variable in the following way, similar to
MESSAGE_SUBST (see Section 8.5, "Optional files"):

PLIST_SUBST+=    SOMEVAR="somevalue"

This replaces all occurrences of "${SOMEVAR}" in the PLIST with "somevalue".

10.5. Manpage-compression

Manpages should be installed in compressed form if MANZ is set (in bsd.own.mk),
and uncompressed otherwise. To handle this in the PLIST file, the suffix ".gz"
is appended/removed automatically for manpages according to MANZ and
MANCOMPRESSED being set or not, see above for details. This modification of the
PLIST file is done on a copy of it, not PLIST itself.

10.6. Changing PLIST source with PLIST_SRC

To use one or more files as source for the PLIST used in generating the binary
package, set the variable PLIST_SRC to the names of that file(s). The files are
later concatenated using cat(1), and order of things is important.

10.7. Platform specific and differing PLISTs

Some packages decide to install a different set of files based on the operating
system being used. These differences can be automatically handled by using the
following files:

  * PLIST.common

  * PLIST.${OPSYS}

  * PLIST.${MACHINE_ARCH}

  * PLIST.${OPSYS}-${MACHINE_ARCH}

  * PLIST.common_end

10.8. Sharing directories between packages

A "shared directory" is a directory where multiple (and unrelated) packages
install files. These directories are problematic because you have to add
special tricks in the PLIST to conditionally remove them, or have some
centralized package handle them.

Within pkgsrc, you'll find both approaches. If a directory is shared by a few
unrelated packages, it's often not worth to add an extra package to remove it.
Therefore, one simply does:

      @unexec ${RMDIR} %D/path/to/shared/directory 2>/dev/null || ${TRUE}


in the PLISTs of all affected packages, instead of the regular "@dirrm" line.

However, if the directory is shared across many packages, two different
solutions are available:

 1. If the packages have a common dependency, the directory can be removed in
    that. For example, see textproc/scrollkeeper, which removes the shared
    directory share/omf.

 2. If the packages using the directory are not related at all (they have no
    common dependencies), a *-dirs package is used.

From now on, we'll discuss the second solution. To get an idea of the *-dirs
packages available, issue:

      % cd .../pkgsrc
      % ls -d */*-dirs


Their use from other packages is very simple. The USE_DIRS variable takes a
list of package names (without the "-dirs" part) together with the required
version number (always pick the latest one when writing new packages).

For example, if a package installs files under share/applications, it should
have the following line in it:

      USE_DIRS+= xdg-1.1


After regenerating the PLIST using make print-PLIST, you should get the right
(commented out) lines.

Note that, even if your package is using $X11BASE, it must not depend on the
*-x11-dirs packages. Just specify the name without that part and pkgsrc (in
particular, mk/dirs.mk) will take care of it.

Chapter 11. Buildlink methodology

Table of Contents

11.1. Converting packages to use buildlink3
11.2. Writing buildlink3.mk files

    11.2.1. Anatomy of a buildlink3.mk file
    11.2.2. Updating BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.pkg in buildlink3.mk files

11.3. Writing builtin.mk files

    11.3.1. Anatomy of a builtin.mk file
    11.3.2. Global preferences for native or pkgsrc software

Buildlink is a framework in pkgsrc that controls what headers and libraries are
seen by a package's configure and build processes. This is implemented in a two
step process:

 1. Symlink headers and libraries for dependencies into BUILDLINK_DIR, which by
    default is a subdirectory of WRKDIR.

 2. Create wrapper scripts that are used in place of the normal compiler tools
    that translate -I${LOCALBASE}/include and -L${LOCALBASE}/lib into
    references to BUILDLINK_DIR. The wrapper scripts also make native compiler
    on some operating systems look like GCC, so that packages that expect GCC
    won't require modifications to build with those native compilers.

This normalizes the environment in which a package is built so that the package
may be built consistently despite what other software may be installed. Please
note that the normal system header and library paths, e.g. /usr/include, /usr/
lib, etc., are always searched -- buildlink3 is designed to insulate the
package build from non-system-supplied software.

11.1. Converting packages to use buildlink3

The process of converting packages to use the buildlink3 framework
("bl3ifying") is fairly straightforward. The things to keep in mind are:

 1. Ensure that the build always calls the wrapper scripts instead of the
    actual toolchain. Some packages are tricky, and the only way to know for
    sure is the check ${WRKDIR}/.work.log to see if the wrappers are being
    invoked.

 2. Don't override PREFIX from within the package Makefile, e.g. Java VMs,
    standalone shells, etc., because the code to symlink files into $
    {BUILDLINK_DIR} looks for files relative to "pkg_info -qp pkgname".

 3. Remember that only the buildlink3.mk files that you list in a package's
    Makefile are added as dependencies for that package.

If a dependency on a particular package is required for its libraries and
headers, then we replace:

DEPENDS+=   foo>=1.1.0:../../category/foo

with

.include "../../category/foo/buildlink3.mk"

There are several buildlink3.mk files in pkgsrc/mk that handle special package
issues:

  * bdb.buildlink3.mk chooses either the native or a pkgsrc Berkeley DB
    implementation based on the values of BDB_ACCEPTED and BDB_DEFAULT.

  * curses.buildlink3.mk If the system comes with neither Curses nor NCurses,
    this will take care to install the devel/ncurses package.

  * krb5.buildlink3.mk uses the value of KRB5_ACCEPTED to choose between adding
    a dependency on Heimdal or MIT-krb5 for packages that require a Kerberos 5
    implementation.

  * motif.buildlink3.mk checks for a system-provided Motif installation or adds
    a dependency on x11/lesstif or x11/openmotif;

  * ossaudio.buildlink3.mk defines several variables that may be used by
    packages that use the Open Sound System (OSS) API;

  * pgsql.buildlink3.mk will accept either Postgres 7.3 or 7.4, whichever is
    found installed. See the file for more information.

  * pthread.buildlink3.mk uses the value of PTHREAD_OPTS and checks for native
    pthreads or adds a dependency on devel/pth as needed;

  * xaw.buildlink3.mk uses the value of XAW_TYPE to choose a particular Athena
    widgets library.

The comments in those buildlink3.mk files provide a more complete description
of how to use them properly.

11.2. Writing buildlink3.mk files

A package's buildlink3.mk file is included by Makefiles to indicate the need to
compile and link against header files and libraries provided by the package. A
buildlink3.mk file should always provide enough information to add the correct
type of dependency relationship and include any other buildlink3.mk files that
it needs to find headers and libraries that it needs in turn.

To generate an initial buildlink3.mk file for further editing, Rene Hexel's
pkgtools/createbuildlink package is highly recommended. For most packages, the
following command will generate a good starting point for buildlink3.mk files:

% cd pkgsrc/category/pkgdir
% createbuildlink -3 >buildlink3.mk

11.2.1. Anatomy of a buildlink3.mk file

The following real-life example buildlink3.mk is taken from pkgsrc/graphics/
tiff:

# $NetBSD: buildlink3.mk,v 1.7 2004/03/18 09:12:12 jlam Exp $

BUILDLINK_DEPTH:=       ${BUILDLINK_DEPTH}+
TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK:=    ${TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK}+

.if !empty(BUILDLINK_DEPTH:M+)
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS+=     tiff
.endif

BUILDLINK_PACKAGES:=    ${BUILDLINK_PACKAGES:Ntiff}
BUILDLINK_PACKAGES+=    tiff

.if !empty(TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK:M+)
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.tiff+=        tiff>=3.6.1
BUILDLINK_PKGSRCDIR.tiff?=      ../../graphics/tiff
.endif  # TIFF_BUILDLINK3_MK

.include "../../devel/zlib/buildlink3.mk"
.include "../../graphics/jpeg/buildlink3.mk"

BUILDLINK_DEPTH:=       ${BUILDLINK_DEPTH:S/+$//}

The header and footer manipulate BUILDLINK_DEPTH, which is common across all
buildlink3.mk files and is used to track at what depth we are including
buildlink3.mk files.

The first section controls if the dependency on pkg is added. BUILDLINK_DEPENDS
is the global list of packages for which dependencies are added by buildlink3.

The second section advises pkgsrc that the buildlink3.mk file for pkg has been
included at some point. BUILDLINK_PACKAGES is the global list of packages for
which buildlink3.mk files have been included. It must always be appended to
within a buildlink3.mk file.

The third section is protected from multiple inclusion and controls how the
dependency on pkg is added. Several important variables are set in the section:

  * BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.pkg is the actual dependency recorded in the installed
    package; this should always be set using += to ensure that we're appending
    to any pre-existing list of values. This variable should be set to the
    first version of the package that had the last change in the major number
    of a shared library or that had a major API change.

  * BUILDLINK_PKGSRCDIR.pkg is the location of the pkg pkgsrc directory;

  * BUILDLINK_DEPMETHOD.pkg (not shown above) controls whether we use
    BUILD_DEPENDS or DEPENDS to add the dependency on pkg. The build dependency
    is selected by setting BUILDLINK_DEPMETHOD.pkg to "build". By default, the
    full dependency is used.

  * BUILDLINK_INCDIRS.pkg and BUILDLINK_LIBDIRS. pkg (not shown above) are
    lists of subdirectories of ${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.pkg} to add to the header and
    library search paths. These default to "include" and "lib" respectively.

  * BUILDLINK_CPPFLAGS.pkg (not shown above) is the list of preprocessor flags
    to add to CPPFLAGS, which are passed on to the configure and build phases.
    The "-I" option should be avoided and instead be handled using
    BUILDLINK_INCDIRS.pkg as above.

The following variables are all optionally defined within this second section
(protected against multiple inclusion) and control which package files are
symlinked into ${BUILDLINK_DIR} and how their names are transformed during the
symlinking:

  * BUILDLINK_FILES.pkg (not shown above) is a shell glob pattern relative to $
    {BUILDLINK_PREFIX.pkg} to be symlinked into ${BUILDLINK_DIR}, e.g. include/
    *.h.

  * BUILDLINK_FILES_CMD.pkg (not shown above) is a shell pipeline that outputs
    to stdout a list of files relative to ${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.pkg}. The
    resulting files are to be symlinked into ${BUILDLINK_DIR}. By default, this
    takes the +CONTENTS of a pkg and filters it through $
    {BUILDLINK_CONTENTS_FILTER.pkg}.

  * BUILDLINK_CONTENTS_FILTER.pkg (not shown above) is a filter command that
    filters +CONTENTS input into a list of files relative to $
    {BUILDLINK_PREFIX.pkg} on stdout. By default for overwrite packages,
    BUILDLINK_CONTENTS_FILTER.pkg outputs the contents of the include and lib
    directories in the package +CONTENTS, and for pkgviews packages, it outputs
    any libtool archives in lib directories.

  * BUILDLINK_TRANSFORM.pkg (not shown above) is a list of sed arguments used
    to transform the name of the source filename into a destination filename,
    e.g. -e "s|/curses.h|/ncurses.h|g".

The last section includes any buildlink3.mk needed for pkg's library
dependencies. Including these buildlink3.mk files means that the headers and
libraries for these dependencies are also symlinked into ${BUILDLINK_DIR}
whenever the pkg buildlink3.mk file is included.

11.2.2. Updating BUILDLINK_DEPENDS. pkg in buildlink3.mk files

There are two situations that require increasing the dependency listed in
BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.pkg after a package update:

 1. if the sonames (major number of the library version) of any installed
    shared libraries change;

 2. if the API or interface to the header files change.

In these cases, BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.pkg should be adjusted to require at least
the new package version. In some cases, the packages that depend on this new
version may need their PKGREVISIONs increased and, if they have buildlink3.mk
files, their BUILDLINK_DEPENDS. pkg adjusted, too. This is needed so that
binary packages made using it will require the correct package dependency and
not settle for an older one which will not contain the necessary shared
libraries.

Please take careful consideration before adjusting BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.pkg as we
don't want to cause unneeded package deletions and rebuilds. In many cases, new
versions of packages work just fine with older dependencies. See Section
15.1.4, "Handling dependencies" for more information about dependencies on
other packages, including the BUILDLINK_RECOMMENDED and RECOMMENDED
definitions.

11.3. Writing builtin.mk files

Some packages in pkgsrc install headers and libraries that coincide with
headers and libraries present in the base system. Aside from a buildlink3.mk
file, these packages should also include a builtin.mk file that includes the
necessary checks to decide whether using the built-in software or the pkgsrc
software is appropriate.

The only requirements of a builtin.mk file for pkg are:

 1. It should set USE_BUILTIN.pkg to either "yes" or "no" after it is included.

 2. It should not override any USE_BUILTIN.pkg which is already set before the
    builtin.mk file is included.

 3. It should be written to allow multiple inclusion. This is very important
    and takes careful attention to Makefile coding.

11.3.1. Anatomy of a builtin.mk file

The following is the recommended template for builtin.mk files:

.if !defined(IS_BUILTIN.foo)
#
# IS_BUILTIN.foo is set to "yes" or "no" depending on whether "foo"
# genuinely exists in the system or not.
#
IS_BUILTIN.foo?=        no

# BUILTIN_PKG.foo should be set here if "foo" is built-in and its package
# version can be determined.
#
.  if !empty(IS_BUILTIN.foo:M[yY][eE][sS])
BUILTIN_PKG.foo?=       foo-1.0
.  endif
.endif  # IS_BUILTIN.foo

.if !defined(USE_BUILTIN.foo)
USE_BUILTIN.foo?=       ${IS_BUILTIN.foo}
.  if defined(BUILTIN_PKG.foo)
.    for _depend_ in ${BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.foo}
.      if !empty(USE_BUILTIN.foo:M[yY][eE][sS])
USE_BUILTIN.foo!=                                                       \
      if ${PKG_ADMIN} pmatch '${_depend_}' ${BUILTIN_PKG.foo}; then     \
              ${ECHO} "yes";                                            \
      else                                                              \
              ${ECHO} "no";                                             \
      fi
.      endif
.    endfor
.  endif
.endif  # USE_BUILTIN.foo

CHECK_BUILTIN.foo?=     no
.if !empty(CHECK_BUILTIN.foo:M[nN][oO])
#
# Here we place code that depends on whether USE_BUILTIN.foo is set to
# "yes" or "no".
#
.endif  # CHECK_BUILTIN.foo


The first section sets IS_BUILTIN.pkg depending on if pkg really exists in the
base system. This should not be a base system software with similar
functionality to pkg; it should only be "yes" if the actual package is included
as part of the base system. This variable is only used internally within the
builtin.mk file.

The second section sets BUILTIN_PKG.pkg to the version of pkg in the base
system if it exists (if IS_BUILTIN.pkg is "yes"). This variable is only used
internally within the builtin.mk file.

The third section sets USE_BUILTIN.pkg and is required in all builtin.mk files.
The code in this section must make the determination whether the built-in
software is adequate to satisfy the dependencies listed in BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.
pkg. This is typically done by comparing BUILTIN_PKG.pkg against each of the
dependencies in BUILDLINK_DEPENDS.pkg. USE_BUILTIN.pkg must be set to the
correct value by the end of the builtin.mk file. Note that USE_BUILTIN.pkg may
be "yes" even if IS_BUILTIN.pkg is "no" because we may make the determination
that the built-in version of the software is similar enough to be used as a
replacement.

The last section is guarded by CHECK_BUILTIN.pkg, and includes code that uses
the value of USE_BUILTIN.pkg set in the previous section. This typically
includes, e.g., adding additional dependency restrictions and listing
additional files to symlink into ${BUILDLINK_DIR} (via BUILDLINK_FILES.pkg).

11.3.2. Global preferences for native or pkgsrc software

When building packages, it's possible to choose whether to set a global
preference for using either the built-in (native) version or the pkgsrc version
of software to satisfy a dependency. This is controlled by setting
PREFER_PKGSRC and PREFER_NATIVE. These variables take values of either "yes",
"no", or a list of packages. PREFER_PKGSRC tells pkgsrc to use the pkgsrc
versions of software, while PREFER_NATIVE tells pkgsrc to use the built-in
versions. Preferences are determined by the most specific instance of the
package in either PREFER_PKGSRC or PREFER_NATIVE. If a package is specified in
neither or in both variables, then PREFER_PKGSRC has precedence over
PREFER_NATIVE. For example, to require using pkgsrc versions of software for
all but the most basic bits on a NetBSD system, you can set:

        PREFER_PKGSRC=  yes
        PREFER_NATIVE=  getopt skey tcp_wrappers


A package must have a builtin.mk file to be listed in PREFER_NATIVE, otherwise
it is simply ignored in that list.

Chapter 12. The pkginstall framework

Table of Contents

12.1. Files and directories outside the installation prefix

    12.1.1. Directory manipulation
    12.1.2. File manipulation

12.2. Configuration files

    12.2.1. How PKG_SYSCONFDIR is set
    12.2.2. Telling the software were configuration files are
    12.2.3. Patching installations
    12.2.4. Disabling handling of configuration files

12.3. System startup scripts

    12.3.1. Disabling handling of system startup scripts

12.4. System users and groups
12.5. System shells

    12.5.1. Disabling handling of configuration files

This chapter describes the framework known as pkginstall, whose key features
are:

  * Generic installation and manipulation of directories and files outside the
    pkgsrc-handled tree, LOCALBASE.

  * Automatic handling of configuration files during installation, provided
    that packages are correctly designed.

  * Generation and installation of system startup scripts.

  * Registration of system users and groups.

  * Registration of system shells.

The following sections inspect each of the above points in detail. Note that,
in order to use any of the described functionalities, you must add the
following to your package's Makefile:

USE_PKGINSTALL=YES

You may be thinking that many of the things described here could be easily done
with simple code in the package's post-installation target (post-install). This
is incorrect, as the code in them is only executed when building from source.
Machines using binary packages could not benefit from it at all (as the code
itself could be unavailable). Therefore, the only way to achieve any of the
items described above is by means of the installation scripts, which are
automatically generated by pkginstall.

12.1. Files and directories outside the installation prefix

As you already know, the PLIST file holds a list of files and directories that
belong to a package. The names used in it are relative to the installation
prefix (${PREFIX}), which means that it cannot register files outside this
directory (absolute path names are not allowed). Despite this restriction, some
packages need to install files outside this location; e.g., under ${VARBASE} or
${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}.

The only way to achieve this is to create such files during installation time
by using the installation scripts. These scripts can run arbitrary commands, so
they have the potential to create and manage files anywhere in the filesystem.
Here is where pkginstall comes into play: it provides generic scripts to
abstract the manipulation of such files and directories based on variables set
in the package's Makefile. The rest of this section describes which these
variables are.

12.1.1. Directory manipulation

The following variables can be set to request the creation of directories
anywhere in the filesystem:

  * MAKE_DIRS and OWN_DIRS contain a list of directories that should be created
    and should attempt to be destroyed by the installation scripts. The
    difference between the two is that the latter prompts the administrator to
    remove any directories that may be left after deinstallation (because they
    were not empty), while the former does not.

  * MAKE_DIRS_PERMS and OWN_DIRS_PERMS contain a list of tuples describing
    which directories should be created and should attempt to be destroyed by
    the installation scripts. Each tuple holds the following values, separated
    by spaces: the directory name, its owner, its group and its numerical mode.
    For example:

    MAKE_DIRS_PERMS+= ${VARBASE}/foo/private ${ROOT_USER} ${ROOT_GROUP} 0700

    The difference between the two is exactly the same as their non-PERMS
    counterparts.

12.1.2. File manipulation

Creating non-empty files outside the installation prefix is tricky because the
PLIST forces all files to be inside it. To overcome this problem, the only
solution is to extract the file in the known place (i.e., inside the
installation prefix) and copy it to the appropriate location during
installation (done by the installation scripts generated by pkginstall). We
will call the former the master file in the following paragraphs, which
describe the variables that can be used to automatically and consistently
handle files outside the installation prefix:

  * CONF_FILES and SUPPORT_FILES are pairs of master and target files. During
    installation time, the master file is copied to the target one if and only
    if the latter does not exist. Upon deinstallation, the target file is
    removed provided that it was not modified by the installation.

    The difference between the two is that the latter prompts the administrator
    to remove any files that may be left after deinstallation (because they
    were not empty), while the former does not.

  * CONF_FILES_PERMS and SUPPORT_FILES_PERMS contain tuples describing master
    files as well as their target locations. For each of them, it also
    specifies their owner, their group and their numeric permissions, in this
    order. For example:

    SUPPORT_FILES_PERMS+= ${PREFIX}/share/somefile ${VARBASE}/somefile ${ROOT_USER} ${ROOT_GROUP} 0700

    The difference between the two is exactly the same as their non-PERMS
    counterparts.

12.2. Configuration files

Configuration files are special in the sense that they are installed in their
own specific directory, PKG_SYSCONFDIR, and need special treatment during
installation (most of which is automated by pkginstall). The main concept you
must bear in mind is that files marked as configuration files are automatically
copied to the right place (somewhere inside PKG_SYSCONFDIR) during installation
if and only if they didn't exist before. Similarly, they will not be removed if
they have local modifications. This ensures that administrators never lose any
custom changes they may have made.

12.2.1. How PKG_SYSCONFDIR is set

As said before, the PKG_SYSCONFDIR variable specifies where configuration files
shall be installed. Its contents are set based upon the following variables:

  * PKG_SYSCONFBASE: The configuration's root directory. Defaults to ${PREFIX}/
    etc although it may be overridden by the user to point to his preferred
    location (e.g., /etc, /etc/pkg, etc.). Packages must not use it directly.

  * PKG_SYSCONFSUBDIR: A subdirectory of PKG_SYSCONFBASE under which the
    configuration files for the package being built shall be installed. The
    definition of this variable only makes sense in the package's Makefile
    (i.e., it is not user customizable).

    As an example, consider the Apache package, www/apache2, which places its
    configuration files under the httpd/ subdirectory of PKG_SYSCONFBASE. This
    should be set in the package Makefile.

  * PKG_SYSCONFVAR: Specifies the name of the variable that holds this
    package's configuration directory (if different from PKG_SYSCONFBASE). It
    defaults to PKGBASE's value, and is always prefixed with PKG_SYSCONFDIR.

  * PKG_SYSCONFDIR.${PKG_SYSCONFVAR}: Holds the directory where the
    configuration files for the package identified by PKG_SYSCONFVAR's shall be
    placed.

Based on the above variables, pkginstall determines the value of
PKG_SYSCONFDIR, which is the only variable that can be used within a package to
refer to its configuration directory. The algorithm used to set its value is
basically the following:

 1. If PKG_SYSCONFDIR.${PKG_SYSCONFVAR} is set, its value is used.

 2. If the previous variable is not defined but PKG_SYSCONFSUBDIR is set in the
    package's Makefile, the resulting value is ${PKG_SYSCONFBASE}/$
    {PKG_SYSCONFSUBDIR}.

 3. Otherwise, it is set to ${PKG_SYSCONFBASE}.

It is worth mentioning that ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR} is automatically added to
OWN_DIRS. See Section 12.1.1, "Directory manipulation" what this means.

12.2.2. Telling the software were configuration files are

Given that pkgsrc (and users!) expect configuration files to be in a known
place, you need to teach each package where it shall install its files. In some
cases you will have to patch the package Makefiles to achieve it. If you are
lucky, though, it may be as easy as passing an extra flag to the configuration
script; this is the case of GNU Autoconf generated files:

CONFIGURE_ARGS+= --sysconfdir=${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}

Note that this specifies where the package has to look for its configuration
files, not where they will be originally installed (although the difference is
never explicit, unfortunately).

12.2.3. Patching installations

As said before, pkginstall automatically handles configuration files. This
means that the packages themselves must not touch the contents of $
{PKG_SYSCONFDIR} directly. Bad news is that many software installation scripts
will, out of the box, mess with the contents of that directory. So what is the
correct procedure to fix this issue?

You must teach the package (usually by manually patching it) to install any
configuration files under the examples hierarchy, share/examples/${PKGBASE}/.
This way, the PLIST registers them and the administrator always has the
original copies available.

Once the required configuration files are in place (i.e., under the examples
hierarchy), the pkginstall framework can use them as master copies during the
package installation to update what is in ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}. To achieve this,
the variables CONF_FILES and CONF_FILES_PERMS are used. Check out Section
12.1.2, "File manipulation" for information about their syntax and their
purpose. Here is an example, taken from the mail/mutt package:

EGDIR=        ${PREFIX}/share/doc/mutt/samples
CONF_FILES=   ${EGDIR}/Muttrc ${PKG_SYSCONFDIR}/Muttrc

Note that the EGDIR variable is specific to that package and has no meaning
outside it.

12.2.4. Disabling handling of configuration files

The automatic copying of config files can be toggled by setting the environment
variable PKG_CONFIG prior to package installation.

12.3. System startup scripts

System startup scripts are special files because they must be installed in a
place known by the underlying OS, usually outside the installation prefix.
Therefore, the same rules described in Section 12.1, "Files and directories
outside the installation prefix" apply, and the same solutions can be used.
However, pkginstall provides a special mechanism to handle these files.

In order to provide system startup scripts, the package has to:

 1. Store the script inside ${FILESDIR}, with the .sh suffix appended.
    Considering the print/cups package as an example, it has a cupsd.sh in its
    files directory.

 2. Tell pkginstall to handle it, appending the name of the script, without its
    extension, to the RCD_SCRIPTS variable. Continuing the previous example:

    RCD_SCRIPTS+= cupsd


Once this is done, pkginstall will do the following steps for each script in an
automated fashion:

 1. Process the file found in the files directory applying all the
    substitutions described in the FILES_SUBST variable.

 2. Copy the script from the files directory to the examples hierarchy, $
    {PREFIX}/share/examples/rc.d/. Note that this master file must be
    explicitly registered in the PLIST.

 3. Add code to the installation scripts to copy the startup script from the
    examples hierarchy into the system-wide startup scripts directory.

12.3.1. Disabling handling of system startup scripts

The automatic copying of config files can be toggled by setting the environment
variable PKG_RCD_SCRIPTS prior to package installation. Note that the scripts
will be always copied inside the examples hierarchy, ${PREFIX}/share/examples/
rc.d/, no matter what the value of this variable is.

12.4. System users and groups

If a package needs to create special users and/or groups during installation,
it can do so by using the pkginstall framework.

Users can be created by adding entries to the PKG_USERS variable. Each entry
has the following syntax, which mimics /etc/passwd:

user:group[:[userid][:[descr][:[home][:shell]]]]

Only the user and group are required; everything else is optional, but the
colons must be in the right places when specifying optional bits. By default, a
new user will have home directory /nonexistent, and login shell /sbin/nologin
unless they are specified as part of the user element. Note that if the
description contains spaces, then spaces should be double backslash-escaped, as
in:

foo:foogrp::The\\ Foomister

Similarly, groups can be created using the PKG_GROUPS variable, whose syntax
is:

group[:groupid]

As before, only the group name is required; the numeric identifier is optional.

12.5. System shells

Packages that install system shells should register them in the shell database,
/etc/shells, to make things easier to the administrator. This must be done from
the installation scripts to keep binary packages working on any system.
pkginstall provides an easy way to accomplish this task.

When a package provides a shell interpreter, it has to set the PKG_SHELL
variable to its absolute file name. This will add some hooks to the
installation scripts to handle it. Consider the following example, taken from
shells/zsh:

USE_PKGINSTALL= YES
PKG_SHELL=      ${PREFIX}/bin/zsh

12.5.1. Disabling handling of configuration files

The automatic registration of shell interpreters can be disabled by the
administrator by setting the PKG_REGISTER_SHELLS environment variable to NO.

Chapter 13. Options handling

Table of Contents

13.1. Global default options
13.2. Converting packages to use bsd.options.mk

Many packages have the ability to be built to support different sets of
features. bsd.options.mk is a framework in pkgsrc that provides generic
handling of those options that determine different ways in which the packages
can be built. It's possible for the user to specify exactly which sets of
options will be built into a package or to allow a set of global default
options apply.

13.1. Global default options

Global default options are listed in PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS, which is a list of
the options that should be built into every package if that option is
supported. This variable should be set in /etc/mk.conf.

13.2. Converting packages to use bsd.options.mk

The following example shows how bsd.options.mk should be used by the
hypothetical ``wibble'' package, either in the package Makefile, or in a file,
e.g. options.mk, that is included by the main package Makefile.

PKG_OPTIONS_VAR=                PKG_OPTIONS.wibble
PKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS=          wibble-foo ldap
PKG_OPTIONAL_GROUPS=            database
PKG_GROUP.database=             mysql pgsql
PKG_SUGGESTED_OPTIONS=          wibble-foo
PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_VARS+=       WIBBLE_USE_OPENLDAP:ldap
PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_OPTS+=       foo:wibble-foo

.include "../../mk/bsd.prefs.mk"

# this package was previously named wibble2
.if defined(PKG_OPTIONS.wibble2)
PKG_LEGACY_OPTIONS+=  ${PKG_OPTIONS.wibble2}
PKG_OPTIONS_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS+="Deprecated variable PKG_OPTIONS.wibble2 used, use "${PKG_OPTIONS_VAR:Q}" instead."
.endif

.include "../../mk/bsd.options.mk"

# Package-specific option-handling

###
### FOO support
###
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mwibble-foo)
CONFIGURE_ARGS+=        --enable-foo
.endif

###
### LDAP support
###
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mldap)
.  include "../../databases/openldap/buildlink3.mk"
CONFIGURE_ARGS+=        --enable-ldap=${BUILDLINK_PREFIX.openldap}
.endif

###
### database support
###
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mmysql)
.  include "../../mk/mysql.buildlink3.mk"
.endif
.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Mpgsql)
.  include "../../mk/pgsql.buildlink3.mk"
.endif

The first section contains the information about which build options are
supported by the package, and any default options settings if needed.

 1. PKG_OPTIONS_VAR is the name of the make(1) variable that the user can set
    to override the default options. It should be set to "PKG_OPTIONS.pkgbase".

 2. PKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS is a list of build options supported by the package.

 3. PKG_OPTIONS_OPTIONAL_GROUPS is a list of names of groups of mutually
    exclusive options. The options in each group are listed in
    PKG_OPTIONS_GROUP.groupname. The most specific setting of any option from
    the group takes precedence over all other options in the group. Options
    from the groups will be automatically added to PKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS.

 4. PKG_OPTIONS_REQUIRED_GROUPS is like PKG_OPTIONS_OPTIONAL_GROUPS, but
    building the packages will fail if no option from the group is selected.

 5. PKG_SUGGESTED_OPTIONS is a list of build options which are enabled by
    default.

 6. PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_VARS is a list of "USE_VARIABLE: option" pairs that map
    legacy /etc/mk.conf variables to their option counterparts. Pairs should be
    added with "+=" to keep the listing of global legacy variables. A warning
    will be issued if the user uses a legacy variable.

 7. PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_OPTS is a list of "old-option: new-option" pairs that
    map options that have been renamed to their new counterparts. Pairs should
    be added with "+=" to keep the listing of global legacy options. A warning
    will be issued if the user uses a legacy option.

 8. PKG_LEGACY_OPTIONS is a list of options implied by deprecated variables
    used. This can be used for cases that neither PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_VARS nor
    PKG_OPTIONS_LEGACY_OPTS can handle, e. g. when PKG_OPTIONS_VAR is renamed.

 9. PKG_OPTIONS_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS is a list of warnings about deprecated
    variables or options used, and what to use instead.

A package should never modify PKG_DEFAULT_OPTIONS or the variable named in
PKG_OPTIONS_VAR. These are strictly user-settable. To suggest a default set of
options, use PKG_SUGGESTED_OPTIONS.

PKG_OPTIONS_VAR must be defined before including bsd.options.mk. If none of
PKG_SUPPORTED_OPTIONS, PKG_OPTIONS_OPTIONAL_GROUPS, and
PKG_OPTIONS_REQUIRED_GROUPS are defined (as can happen with platform specific
options if none of them is supported on the current platform), PKG_OPTIONS is
set to the empty list and the package is otherwise treated as not using the
options framework.

After the inclusion of bsd.options.mk, the variable PKG_OPTIONS contains the
list of selected build options, properly filtered to remove unsupported and
duplicate options.

The remaining sections contain the logic that is specific to each option. The
correct way to check for an option is to check whether it is listed in
PKG_OPTIONS:

.if !empty(PKG_OPTIONS:Moption)

If another package already has an option with the same meaning, use the same
name. For options applicable to multiple packages (like enabling support for a
library), use short option names (like the name of the library). For options
specific to this package, prefix the name with pkgname-. Document the option
and its meaning in mk/defaults/options.description.

Chapter 14. The build process

Table of Contents

14.1. Program location
14.2. Main targets
14.3. Other helpful targets

The basic steps for building a program are always the same. First the program's
source (distfile) must be brought to the local system and then extracted. After
any patches to compile properly on NetBSD are applied, the software can be
configured, then built (usually by compiling), and finally the generated
binaries, etc. can be put into place on the system. These are exactly the steps
performed by the NetBSD package system, which is implemented as a series of
targets in a central Makefile, pkgsrc/mk/bsd.pkg.mk.

14.1. Program location

Before outlining the process performed by the NetBSD package system in the next
section, here's a brief discussion on where programs are installed, and which
variables influence this.

The automatic variable PREFIX indicates where all files of the final program
shall be installed. It is usually set to LOCALBASE (/usr/pkg), or CROSSBASE for
pkgs in the "cross" category. The value of PREFIX needs to be put into the
various places in the program's source where paths to these files are encoded.
See Section 8.3, "patches/*" and Section 15.3.1, "Shared libraries - libtool"
for more details.

When choosing which of these variables to use, follow the following rules:

  * PREFIX always points to the location where the current pkg will be
    installed. When referring to a pkg's own installation path, use "${PREFIX}
    ".

  * LOCALBASE is where all non-X11 pkgs are installed. If you need to construct
    a -I or -L argument to the compiler to find includes and libraries
    installed by another non-X11 pkg, use "${LOCALBASE}".

  * X11BASE is where the actual X11 distribution (from xsrc, etc.) is
    installed. When looking for standard X11 includes (not those installed by a
    pkg), use "${X11BASE}".

  * X11 based are special in that they may be installed in either X11BASE or
    LOCALBASE.

    Usually, X11 packages should be installed under LOCALBASE whenever
    possible. Note that you will need to include ../../mk/x11.buildlink3.mk in
    them to request the presence of X11 and to get the right compilation flags.

    Even though, there are some packages that cannot be installed under
    LOCALBASE: those that come with app-defaults files. These packages are
    special and they must be placed under X11BASE. To accomplish this, set
    either USE_X11BASE or USE_IMAKE in your package.

    Some notes: If you need to find includes or libraries installed by a pkg
    that has USE_IMAKE or USE_X11BASE in its pkg Makefile, you need to look in
    both ${X11BASE} and ${LOCALBASE}. To force installation of all X11 packages
    in LOCALBASE, the pkgtools/xpkgwedge package is enabled by default.

  * X11PREFIX should be used to refer to the installed location of an X11
    package. X11PREFIX will be set to X11BASE if xpkgwedge is not installed,
    and to LOCALBASE if xpkgwedge is installed.

  * If xpkgwedge is installed, it is possible to have some packages installed
    in X11BASE and some in LOCALBASE. To determine the prefix of an installed
    package, the EVAL_PREFIX definition can be used. It takes pairs in the
    format "DIRNAME=<package>", and the make(1) variable DIRNAME will be set to
    the prefix of the installed package <package>, or "${X11PREFIX}" if the
    package is not installed.

    This is best illustrated by example.

    The following lines are taken from pkgsrc/wm/scwm/Makefile:

    EVAL_PREFIX+=           GTKDIR=gtk+
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=        --with-guile-prefix=${LOCALBASE}        \
                            --with-gtk-prefix="${GTKDIR}"           \
                            --enable-multibyte

    Specific defaults can be defined for the packages evaluated using
    EVAL_PREFIX, by using a definition of the form:

    GTKDIR_DEFAULT= ${LOCALBASE}

    where GTKDIR corresponds to the first definition in the EVAL_PREFIX pair.

  * Within ${PREFIX}, packages should install files according to hier(7), with
    the exception that manual pages go into ${PREFIX}/man, not ${PREFIX}/share/
    man.

14.2. Main targets

The main targets used during the build process defined in bsd.pkg.mk are:

fetch

    This will check if the file(s) given in the variables DISTFILES and
    PATCHFILES (as defined in the package's Makefile) are present on the local
    system in /usr/pkgsrc/distfiles. If they are not present, an attempt will
    be made to fetch them using commands of the form:

    ${FETCH_CMD} ${FETCH_BEFORE_ARGS} ${site}${file} ${FETCH_AFTER_ARGS}

    where ${site} varies through several possibilities in turn: first,
    MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE is tried, then the sites specified in either
    SITES_file if defined, else MASTER_SITES or PATCH_SITES, as applies, then
    finally the value of MASTER_SITE_BACKUP. The order of all except the first
    can be optionally sorted by the user, via setting either MASTER_SORT_AWK or
    MASTER_SORT_REGEX.

checksum

    After the distfile(s) are fetched, their checksum is generated and compared
    with the checksums stored in the distinfo file. If the checksums don't
    match, the build is aborted. This is to ensure the same distfile is used
    for building, and that the distfile wasn't changed, e.g. by some malign
    force, deliberately changed distfiles on the master distribution site or
    network lossage.

extract

    When the distfiles are present on the local system, they need to be
    extracted, as they are usually in the form of some compressed archive
    format, most commonly .tar.gz.

    If only some of the distfiles need to be uncompressed, the files to be
    uncompressed should be put into EXTRACT_ONLY.

    If the distfiles are not in .tar.gz format, they can be extracted by
    setting either EXTRACT_SUFX, or EXTRACT_CMD, EXTRACT_BEFORE_ARGS and
    EXTRACT_AFTER_ARGS. In the former case, pkgsrc knows how to extract a
    number of suffixes (.tar.gz, .tgz, .tar.gz2, .tbz, .tar.Z, .tar, .shar.gz,
    .shar.bz2, .shar.Z, .shar, .Z, .bz2 and .gz; see the definition of the
    various DECOMPRESS_CMD variables bsd.pkg.mk for a complete list). Here's an
    example on how to use the other variables for a program that comes with a
    compressed shell archive whose name ends in .msg.gz:

         EXTRACT_SUFX=   .msg.gz
         EXTRACT_CMD=            zcat
         EXTRACT_BEFORE_ARGS=
         EXTRACT_AFTER_ARGS=     |sh

patch

    After extraction, all the patches named by the PATCHFILES, those present in
    the patches subdirectory of the package as well as in $LOCALPATCHES/
    $PKGPATH (e.g. /usr/local/patches/graphics/png) are applied. Patchfiles
    ending in .Z or .gz are uncompressed before they are applied, files ending
    in .orig or .rej are ignored. Any special options to patch(1) can be handed
    in PATCH_DIST_ARGS. See Section 8.3, "patches/*" for more details.

    By default patch(1) is given special args to make it fail if the patches
    apply with some lines of fuzz. Please fix (regen) the patches so that they
    apply cleanly. The rationale behind this is that patches that don't apply
    cleanly may end up being applied in the wrong place, and cause severe harm
    there.

configure

    Most pieces of software need information on the header files, system calls,
    and library routines which are available in NetBSD. This is the process
    known as configuration, and is usually automated. In most cases, a script
    is supplied with the source, and its invocation results in generation of
    header files, Makefiles, etc.

    If the program's distfile contains its own configure script, this can be
    invoked by setting HAS_CONFIGURE. If the configure script is a GNU autoconf
    script, GNU_CONFIGURE should be specified instead. In either case, any
    arguments to the configure script can be specified in the CONFIGURE_ARGS
    variable, and the configure script's name can be set in CONFIGURE_SCRIPT if
    it differs from the default "configure". Here's an example from the
    sysutils/top package:

    HAS_CONFIGURE=          yes
    CONFIGURE_SCRIPT=       Configure
    CONFIGURE_ARGS+=        netbsd13

    If the program uses an Imakefile for configuration, the appropriate steps
    can be invoked by setting USE_IMAKE to "YES". (If you only want the package
    installed in $X11PREFIX but xmkmf not being run, set USE_X11BASE instead!)

build

    Once configuration has taken place, the software will be built by invoking
    $MAKE_PROGRAM on $MAKEFILE with $BUILD_TARGET as the target to build. The
    default MAKE_PROGRAM is "gmake" if USE_TOOLS contains "gmake", "make"
    otherwise. MAKEFILE is set to "Makefile" by default, and BUILD_TARGET
    defaults to "all". Any of these variables can be set in the package's
    Makefile to change the default build process.

install

    Once the build stage has completed, the final step is to install the
    software in public directories, so users can access the programs and files.
    As in the build-target, $MAKE_PROGRAM is invoked on $MAKEFILE here, but
    with the $INSTALL_TARGET instead, the latter defaulting to "install" (plus
    "install.man", if USE_IMAKE is set).

If no target is specified, the default is "build". If a subsequent stage is
requested, all prior stages are made: e.g. make build will also perform the
equivalent of:

make fetch
make checksum
make extract
make patch
make configure
make build

14.3. Other helpful targets

pre/post-*

    For any of the main targets described in the previous section, two
    auxiliary targets exist with "pre-" and "post-" used as a prefix for the
    main target's name. These targets are invoked before and after the main
    target is called, allowing extra configuration or installation steps be
    performed from a package's Makefile, for example, which a program's
    configure script or install target omitted.

do-*

    Should one of the main targets do the wrong thing, and should there be no
    variable to fix this, you can redefine it with the do-* target. (Note that
    redefining the target itself instead of the do-* target is a bad idea, as
    the pre-* and post-* targets won't be called anymore, etc.) You will not
    usually need to do this.

reinstall

    If you did a make install and you noticed some file was not installed
    properly, you can repeat the installation with this target, which will
    ignore the "already installed" flag.

deinstall

    This target does a pkg_delete(1) in the current directory, effectively
    de-installing the package. The following variables can be used to tune the
    behaviour:

    PKG_VERBOSE

        Add a "-v" to the pkg_delete(1) command.

    DEINSTALLDEPENDS

        Remove all packages that require (depend on) the given package. This
        can be used to remove any packages that may have been pulled in by a
        given package, e.g. if make deinstall DEINSTALLDEPENDS=1 is done in
        pkgsrc/x11/kde, this is likely to remove whole KDE. Works by adding
        "-R" to the pkg_delete(1) command line.

update

    This target causes the current package to be updated to the latest version.
    The package and all depending packages first get de-installed, then current
    versions of the corresponding packages get compiled and installed. This is
    similar to manually noting which packages are currently installed, then
    performing a series of make deinstall and make install (or whatever
    UPDATE_TARGET is set to) for these packages.

    You can use the "update" target to resume package updating in case a
    previous make update was interrupted for some reason. However, in this
    case, make sure you don't call make clean or otherwise remove the list of
    dependent packages in WRKDIR. Otherwise you lose the ability to
    automatically update the current package along with the dependent packages
    you have installed.

    Resuming an interrupted make update will only work as long as the package
    tree remains unchanged. If the source code for one of the packages to be
    updated has been changed, resuming make update will most certainly fail!

    The following variables can be used either on the command line or in /etc/
    mk.conf to alter the behaviour of make update:

    UPDATE_TARGET

        Install target to recursively use for the updated package and the
        dependent packages. Defaults to DEPENDS_TARGET if set, "install"
        otherwise for make update. e.g. make update UPDATE_TARGET=package

    NOCLEAN

        Don't clean up after updating. Useful if you want to leave the work
        sources of the updated packages around for inspection or other
        purposes. Be sure you eventually clean up the source tree (see the
        "clean-update" target below) or you may run into troubles with old
        source code still lying around on your next make or make update.

    REINSTALL

        Deinstall each package before installing (making DEPENDS_TARGET). This
        may be necessary if the "clean-update" target (see below) was called
        after interrupting a running make update.

    DEPENDS_TARGET

        Allows you to disable recursion and hardcode the target for packages.
        The default is "update" for the update target, facilitating a recursive
        update of prerequisite packages. Only set DEPENDS_TARGET if you want to
        disable recursive updates. Use UPDATE_TARGET instead to just set a
        specific target for each package to be installed during make update
        (see above).

clean-update

    Clean the source tree for all packages that would get updated if make
    update was called from the current directory. This target should not be
    used if the current package (or any of its depending packages) have already
    been de-installed (e.g., after calling make update) or you may lose some
    packages you intended to update. As a rule of thumb: only use this target
    before the first time you run make update and only if you have a dirty
    package tree (e.g., if you used NOCLEAN).

    If you unsure about whether your tree is clean you can either perform a
    make clean at the top of the tree, or use the following sequence of
    commands from the directory of the package you want to update (before
    running make update for the first time, otherwise you lose all the packages
    you wanted to update!):

    # make clean-update
    # make clean CLEANDEPENDS=YES
    # make update

    The following variables can be used either on the command line or in /etc/
    mk.conf to alter the behaviour of make clean-update:

    CLEAR_DIRLIST

        After make clean, do not reconstruct the list of directories to update
        for this package. Only use this if make update successfully installed
        all packages you wanted to update. Normally, this is done automatically
        on make update, but may have been suppressed by the NOCLEAN variable
        (see above).

info

    This target invokes pkg_info(1) for the current package. You can use this
    to check which version of a package is installed.

readme

    This target generates a README.html file, which can be viewed using a
    browser such as www/mozilla or www/links. The generated files contain
    references to any packages which are in the PACKAGES directory on the local
    host. The generated files can be made to refer to URLs based on
    FTP_PKG_URL_HOST and FTP_PKG_URL_DIR. For example, if I wanted to generate
    README.html files which pointed to binary packages on the local machine, in
    the directory /usr/packages, set FTP_PKG_URL_HOST=file://localhost and
    FTP_PKG_URL_DIR=/usr/packages. The ${PACKAGES} directory and its
    subdirectories will be searched for all the binary packages.

readme-all

    Use this target to create a file README-all.html which contains a list of
    all packages currently available in the NetBSD Packages Collection,
    together with the category they belong to and a short description. This
    file is compiled from the pkgsrc/*/README.html files, so be sure to run
    this after a make readme.

cdrom-readme

    This is very much the same as the "readme" target (see above), but is to be
    used when generating a pkgsrc tree to be written to a CD-ROM. This target
    also produces README.html files, and can be made to refer to URLs based on
    CDROM_PKG_URL_HOST and CDROM_PKG_URL_DIR.

show-distfiles

    This target shows which distfiles and patchfiles are needed to build the
    package. (DISTFILES and PATCHFILES, but not patches/*)

show-downlevel

    This target shows nothing if the package is not installed. If a version of
    this package is installed, but is not the version provided in this version
    of pkgsrc, then a warning message is displayed. This target can be used to
    show which of your installed packages are downlevel, and so the old
    versions can be deleted, and the current ones added.

show-pkgsrc-dir

    This target shows the directory in the pkgsrc hierarchy from which the
    package can be built and installed. This may not be the same directory as
    the one from which the package was installed. This target is intended to be
    used by people who may wish to upgrade many packages on a single host, and
    can be invoked from the top-level pkgsrc Makefile by using the
    "show-host-specific-pkgs" target.

show-installed-depends

    This target shows which installed packages match the current package's
    DEPENDS. Useful if out of date dependencies are causing build problems.

check-shlibs

    After a package is installed, check all its binaries and (on ELF platforms)
    shared libraries to see if they find the shared libs they need. Run by
    default if PKG_DEVELOPER is set in /etc/mk.conf.

print-PLIST

    After a "make install" from a new or upgraded pkg, this prints out an
    attempt to generate a new PLIST from a find -newer work/.extract_done. An
    attempt is made to care for shared libs etc., but it is strongly
    recommended to review the result before putting it into PLIST. On upgrades,
    it's useful to diff the output of this command against an already existing
    PLIST file.

    If the package installs files via tar(1) or other methods that don't update
    file access times, be sure to add these files manually to your PLIST, as
    the "find -newer" command used by this target won't catch them!

    See Section 10.3, "Tweaking output of make print-PLIST" for more
    information on this target.

bulk-package

    Used to do bulk builds. If an appropriate binary package already exists, no
    action is taken. If not, this target will compile, install and package it
    (and it's depends, if PKG_DEPENDS is set properly. See Section 6.3.1,
    "Configuration". After creating the binary package, the sources, the
    just-installed package and it's required packages are removed, preserving
    free disk space.

    Beware that this target may deinstall all packages installed on a system!

bulk-install

    Used during bulk-installs to install required packages. If an upto-date
    binary package is available, it will be installed via pkg_add(1). If not,
    make bulk-package will be executed, but the installed binary not be
    removed.

    A binary package is considered "upto-date" to be installed via pkg_add(1)
    if:

      * None of the package's files (Makefile, ...) were modified since it was
        built.

      * None of the package's required (binary) packages were modified since it
        was built.

    Beware that this target may deinstall all packages installed on a system!

Chapter 15. Notes on fixes for packages

Table of Contents

15.1. General operation

    15.1.1. How to pull in variables from /etc/mk.conf
    15.1.2. Where to install documentation
    15.1.3. Restricted packages
    15.1.4. Handling dependencies
    15.1.5. Handling conflicts with other packages
    15.1.6. Packages that cannot or should not be built
    15.1.7. Packages which should not be deleted, once installed
    15.1.8. Handling packages with security problems
    15.1.9. How to handle compiler bugs
    15.1.10. How to handle incrementing versions when fixing an existing
        package
    15.1.11. Portability of packages

15.2. Possible downloading issues

    15.2.1. Packages whose distfiles aren't available for plain downloading
    15.2.2. How to handle modified distfiles with the 'old' name

15.3. Configuration gotchas

    15.3.1. Shared libraries - libtool
    15.3.2. Using libtool on GNU packages that already support libtool
    15.3.3. GNU Autoconf/Automake

15.4. Building considerations

    15.4.1. CPP defines

15.5. Package specific actions

    15.5.1. User interaction
    15.5.2. Handling licenses
    15.5.3. Installing score files
    15.5.4. Packages containing perl scripts
    15.5.5. Packages with hardcoded paths to other interpreters
    15.5.6. Packages installing perl modules
    15.5.7. Packages installing info files
    15.5.8. Packages installing GConf2 data files
    15.5.9. Packages installing scrollkeeper data files
    15.5.10. Packages installing X11 fonts
    15.5.11. Packages installing GTK2 modules
    15.5.12. Packages installing SGML or XML data
    15.5.13. Packages installing extensions to the MIME database
    15.5.14. Packages using intltool
    15.5.15. Packages installing startup scripts

15.6. Feedback to the author

15.1. General operation

15.1.1. How to pull in variables from /etc/mk.conf

The problem with package-defined variables that can be overridden via MAKECONF
or /etc/mk.conf is that make(1) expands a variable as it is used, but evaluates
preprocessor like statements (.if, .ifdef and .ifndef) as they are read. So, to
use any variable (which may be set in /etc/mk.conf) in one of the .if*
statements, the file /etc/mk.conf must be included before that .if* statement.

Rather than have a number of ad-hoc ways of including /etc/mk.conf, should it
exist, or MAKECONF, should it exist, include the pkgsrc/mk/bsd.prefs.mk file in
the package Makefile before any preprocessor-like .if, .ifdef, or .ifndef
statements:

.include "../../mk/bsd.prefs.mk"

    .if defined(USE_MENUS)
      ...
    .endif

If you wish to set the CFLAGS variable in /etc/mk.conf please make sure to use:

CFLAGS+=  -your -flags

Using CFLAGS= (i.e. without the "+") may lead to problems with packages that
need to add their own flags. Also, you may want to take a look at the devel/
cpuflags package if you're interested in optimization for the current CPU.

15.1.2. Where to install documentation

Documentation should be installed into ${PREFIX}/share/doc/${PKGBASE} or $
{PREFIX}/share/doc/${PKGNAME} (the latter includes the version number of the
package).

15.1.3. Restricted packages

Some licenses restrict how software may be re-distributed. In order to satisfy
these restrictions, the package system defines five make variables that can be
set to note these restrictions:

  * RESTRICTED

    This variable should be set whenever a restriction exists (regardless of
    its kind). Set this variable to a string containing the reason for the
    restriction.

  * NO_BIN_ON_CDROM

    Binaries may not be placed on CD-ROM. Set this variable to ${RESTRICTED}
    whenever a binary package may not be included on a CD-ROM.

  * NO_BIN_ON_FTP

    Binaries may not be placed on an FTP server. Set this variable to $
    {RESTRICTED} whenever a binary package may not not be made available on the
    Internet.

  * NO_SRC_ON_CDROM

    Distfiles may not be placed on CD-ROM. Set this variable to ${RESTRICTED}
    if re-distribution of the source code or other distfile(s) is not allowed
    on CD-ROMs.

  * NO_SRC_ON_FTP

    Distfiles may not be placed on FTP. Set this variable to ${RESTRICTED} if
    re-distribution of the source code or other distfile(s) via the Internet is
    not allowed.

Please note that the use of NO_PACKAGE, IGNORE, NO_CDROM, or other generic make
variables to denote restrictions is deprecated, because they unconditionally
prevent users from generating binary packages!

15.1.4. Handling dependencies

Your package may depend on some other package being present - and there are
various ways of expressing this dependency. pkgsrc supports the BUILD_DEPENDS
and DEPENDS definitions, as well as dependencies via buildlink3.mk, which is
the preferred way to handle dependencies, and which uses the variables named
above. See Chapter 11, Buildlink methodology for more information.

The basic difference between the two variables is as follows: The DEPENDS
definition registers that pre-requisite in the binary package so it will be
pulled in when the binary package is later installed, whilst the BUILD_DEPENDS
definition does not, marking a dependency that is only needed for building the
package.

This means that if you only need a package present whilst you are building, it
should be noted as a BUILD_DEPENDS.

The format for a BUILD_DEPENDS and a DEPENDS definition is:

<pre-req-package-name>:../../<category>/<pre-req-package>

Please note that the "pre-req-package-name" may include any of the wildcard
version numbers recognized by pkg_info(1).

 1. If your package needs another package's binaries or libraries to build or
    run, and if that package has a buildlink3.mk file available, use it:

        .include "../../graphics/jpeg/buildlink3.mk"


 2. If your package needs to use another package to build itself and there is
    no buildlink3.mk file available, use the BUILD_DEPENDS definition:

    BUILD_DEPENDS+=  autoconf-2.13:../../devel/autoconf

 3. If your package needs a library with which to link and again there is no
    buildlink3.mk file available, this is specified using the DEPENDS
    definition. An example of this is the print/lyx package, which uses the xpm
    library, version 3.4j to build:

    DEPENDS+=       xpm-3.4j:../../graphics/xpm

    You can also use wildcards in package dependences:

    DEPENDS+=       xpm-[0-9]*:../../graphics/xpm

    Note that such wildcard dependencies are retained when creating binary
    packages. The dependency is checked when installing the binary package and
    any package which matches the pattern will be used. Wildcard dependencies
    should be used with care.

    The "-[0-9]*" should be used instead of "-*" to avoid potentially ambiguous
    matches such as "tk-postgresql" matching a "tk-*" DEPENDS.

    Wildcards can also be used to specify that a package will only build
    against a certain minimum version of a pre-requisite:

    DEPENDS+=       tiff>=3.5.4:../../graphics/tiff

    This means that the package will build against version 3.5.4 of the tiff
    library or newer. Such a dependency may be warranted if, for example, the
    API of the library has changed with version 3.5.4 and a package would not
    compile against an earlier version of tiff.

    Please note that such dependencies should only be updated if a package
    requires a newer pre-requisite, but not to denote recommendations such as
    security updates or ABI changes that do not prevent a package from building
    correctly. Such recommendations can be expressed using RECOMMENDED:

    RECOMMENDED+=   tiff>=3.6.1:../../graphics/tiff

    In addition to the above DEPENDS line, this denotes that while a package
    will build against tiff>=3.5.4, at least version 3.6.1 is recommended.
    RECOMMENDED entries will be turned into dependencies unless explicitly
    ignored (in which case a warning will be printed).

    To ignore these dependency recommendations and just use the required
    DEPENDS, set IGNORE_RECOMMENDED=YES. This may make it easier and faster to
    update packages built using pkgsrc, since older compatible dependencies can
    continue to be used. This is useful for people who watch their rebuilds
    very carefully; it is not very good as a general-purpose hammer. If you use
    it, you need to be mindful of possible ABI changes, including those from
    the underlying OS.

    Packages that are built with recommendations ignored may not be uploaded to
    ftp.NetBSD.org by developers and should not be used across different
    systems that may have different versions of binary packages installed.

    For security fixes, please update the package vulnerabilities file as well
    as setting RECOMMENDED, see Section 15.1.8, "Handling packages with
    security problems" for more information.

 4. If your package needs some executable to be able to run correctly and if
    there's no buildlink3.mk file, this is specified using the DEPENDS
    variable. The print/lyx package needs to be able to execute the latex
    binary from the teTeX package when it runs, and that is specified:

    DEPENDS+=        teTeX-[0-9]*:../../print/teTeX

    The comment about wildcard dependencies from previous paragraph applies
    here, too.

If your package needs files from another package to build, see the first part
of the "do-configure" target print/ghostscript5 package (it relies on the jpeg
sources being present in source form during the build):

if [ ! -e ${_PKGSRCDIR}/graphics/jpeg/${WRKDIR:T}/jpeg-6b ]; then \
          cd ${_PKGSRCDIR}/../../graphics/jpeg && ${MAKE} extract;              \
    fi

If you build any other packages that way, please make sure the working files
are deleted too when this package's working files are cleaned up. The easiest
way to do so is by adding a pre-clean target:

pre-clean:
          cd ${_PKGSRCDIR}/../../graphics/jpeg && ${MAKE} clean

Please also note the BUILD_USES_MSGFMT and BUILD_USES_GETTEXT_M4 definitions,
which are provided as convenience definitions. The former works out whether
msgfmt(1) is part of the base system, and, if it isn't, installs the devel/
gettext package. The latter adds a build dependency on either an installed
version of an older gettext package, or if it isn't, installs the devel/
gettext-m4 package.

15.1.5. Handling conflicts with other packages

Your package may conflict with other packages a user might already have
installed on his system, e.g. if your package installs the same set of files
like another package in our pkgsrc tree.

In this case you can set CONFLICTS to a space separated list of packages
(including version string) your package conflicts with.

For example x11/Xaw3d and x11/Xaw-Xpm install provide the same shared library,
thus you set in pkgsrc/x11/Xaw3d/Makefile:

CONFLICTS=      Xaw-Xpm-[0-9]*

and in pkgsrc/x11/Xaw-Xpm/Makefile:

CONFLICTS=      Xaw3d-[0-9]*

Packages will automatically conflict with other packages with the name prefix
and a different version string. "Xaw3d-1.5" e.g. will automatically conflict
with the older version "Xaw3d-1.3".

15.1.6. Packages that cannot or should not be built

There are several reasons why a package might be instructed to not build under
certain circumstances. If the package builds and runs on most platforms, the
exceptions should be noted with NOT_FOR_PLATFORM. If the package builds and
runs on a small handful of platforms, set ONLY_FOR_PLATFORM instead. If the
package should be skipped (for example, because it provides functionality
already provided by the system), set PKG_SKIP_REASON to a descriptive message.
If the package should fail because some preconditions are not met, set
PKG_FAIL_REASON to a descriptive message.

IGNORE is deprecated because it didn't provide enough information to determine
whether the build should fail.

15.1.7. Packages which should not be deleted, once installed

To ensure that a package may not be deleted, once it has been installed, the
PKG_PRESERVE definition should be set in the package Makefile. This will be
carried into any binary package that is made from this pkgsrc entry. A
"preserved" package will not be deleted using pkg_delete(1) unless the "-f"
option is used.

15.1.8. Handling packages with security problems

When a vulnerability is found, this should be noted in localsrc/security/
advisories/pkg-vulnerabilities, and after the commit of that file, it should be
copied to both /pub/NetBSD/packages/distfiles/pkg-vulnerabilities and /pub/
NetBSD/packages/distfiles/vulnerabilities on ftp.NetBSD.org using localsrc/
security/advisories/Makefile. In addition, if a buildlink3.mk file exists for
an affected package, bumping PKGREVISION and creating a corresponding
BUILDLINK_RECOMMENDED.pkg entry should be considered. See Chapter 11, Buildlink
methodology for more information about writing buildlink3.mk files and
BUILDLINK_* definitions.

Also, if the fix should be applied to the stable pkgsrc branch, be sure to
submit a pullup request!

15.1.9. How to handle compiler bugs

Some source files trigger bugs in the compiler, based on combinations of
compiler version and architecture and almost always relation to optimisation
being enabled. Common symptoms are gcc internal errors or never finishing
compiling a file.

Typically a workaround involves testing the MACHINE_ARCH and compiler version,
disabling optimisation for that file/MACHINE_ARCH/compiler combination, and
documenting it in pkgsrc/doc/HACKS. See that file for a number of examples!

15.1.10. How to handle incrementing versions when fixing an existing package

When making fixes to an existing package it can be useful to change the version
number in PKGNAME. To avoid conflicting with future versions by the original
author, a "nb1", "nb2", ... suffix can be used on package versions by setting
PKGREVISION=1 (2, ...). The "nb" is treated like a "." by the pkg tools. e.g.

  DISTNAME= foo-17.42
    PKGREVISION=  9

will result in a PKGNAME of "foo-17.42nb9".

When a new release of the package is released, the PKGREVISION should be
removed. e.g. on a new minor release of the above package, things should be
like:

DISTNAME=   foo-17.43

15.1.11. Portability of packages

One appealing feature of pkgsrc is that it runs on many different platforms. As
a result, it is important to ensure, where possible, that packages in pkgsrc
are portable. There are some particular details you should pay attention to
while working on pkgsrc.

15.1.11.1. ${INSTALL}, ${INSTALL_DATA_DIR}, ...

The BSD-compatible install supplied with some operating systems will not
perform more than one operation at a time. As such, you should call "${INSTALL}
", etc. like this:

${INSTALL_DATA_DIR} ${PREFIX}/dir1
${INSTALL_DATA_DIR} ${PREFIX}/dir2

15.2. Possible downloading issues

15.2.1. Packages whose distfiles aren't available for plain downloading

If you need to download from a dynamic URL you can set DYNAMIC_MASTER_SITES and
a make fetch will call files/getsite.sh with the name of each file to download
as an argument, expecting it to output the URL of the directory from which to
download it. graphics/ns-cult3d is an example of this usage.

If the download can't be automated, because the user must submit personal
information to apply for a password, or must pay for the source, or whatever,
you can set _FETCH_MESSAGE to a macro which displays a message explaining the
situation. _FETCH_MESSAGE must be executable shell commands, not just a
message. (Generally, it executes ${ECHO}). As of this writing, the following
packages use this: audio/realplayer, cad/simian, devel/ipv6socket, emulators/
vmware-module, fonts/acroread-jpnfont, sysutils/storage-manager, www/
ap-aolserver, www/openacs. Try to be consistent with them.

15.2.2. How to handle modified distfiles with the 'old' name

Sometimes authors of a software package make some modifications after the
software was released, and they put up a new distfile without changing the
package's version number. If a package is already in pkgsrc at that time, the
checksum will no longer match. The contents of the new distfile should be
compared against the old one before changing anything, to make sure the
distfile was really updated on purpose, and that no trojan horse or so crept
in. Then, the correct way to work around this is to set DIST_SUBDIR to a unique
directory name, usually based on PKGNAME_NOREV. In case this happens more
often, PKGNAME can be used (thus including the nbX suffix) or a date stamp can
be appended, like ${PKGNAME_NOREV}-YYYYMMDD. Do not forget regenerating the
distinfo file after that, since it contains the DIST_SUBDIR path in the
filenames. Furthermore, a mail to the package's authors seems appropriate
telling them that changing distfiles after releases without changing the file
names is not good practice.

15.3. Configuration gotchas

15.3.1. Shared libraries - libtool

pkgsrc supports many different machines, with different object formats like
a.out and ELF, and varying abilities to do shared library and dynamic loading
at all. To accompany this, varying commands and options have to be passed to
the compiler, linker, etc. to get the Right Thing, which can be pretty annoying
especially if you don't have all the machines at your hand to test things. The
devel/libtool pkg can help here, as it just "knows" how to build both static
and dynamic libraries from a set of source files, thus being platform
independent.

Here's how to use libtool in a pkg in seven simple steps:

 1. Add USE_LIBTOOL=yes to the package Makefile.

 2. For library objects, use "${LIBTOOL} --mode=compile ${CC}" in place of "$
    {CC}". You could even add it to the definition of CC, if only libraries are
    being built in a given Makefile. This one command will build both PIC and
    non-PIC library objects, so you need not have separate shared and
    non-shared library rules.

 3. For the linking of the library, remove any "ar", "ranlib", and "ld
    -Bshareable" commands, and instead use:

    ${LIBTOOL} --mode=link ${CC} -o ${.TARGET:.a=.la} ${OBJS:.o=.lo} -rpath ${PREFIX}/lib -version-info major:minor

    Note that the library is changed to have a .la extension, and the objects
    are changed to have a .lo extension. Change OBJS as necessary. This
    automatically creates all of the .a, .so.major.minor, and ELF symlinks (if
    necessary) in the build directory. Be sure to include "-version-info",
    especially when major and minor are zero, as libtool will otherwise strip
    off the shared library version.

    From the libtool manual:

         So, libtool library versions are described by three integers:

    CURRENT
           The most recent interface number that this library implements.

    REVISION
           The implementation number of the CURRENT interface.

    AGE
           The difference between the newest and oldest interfaces that this
           library implements.  In other words, the library implements all the
           interface numbers in the range from number `CURRENT - AGE' to
           `CURRENT'.

         If two libraries have identical CURRENT and AGE numbers, then the
    dynamic linker chooses the library with the greater REVISION number.

    The "-release" option will produce different results for a.out and ELF
    (excluding symlinks) in only one case. An ELF library of the form
    "libfoo-release.so.x.y" will have a symlink of "libfoo.so.x.y" on an a.out
    platform. This is handled automatically.

    The "-rpath argument" is the install directory of the library being built.

    In the PLIST, include only the .la file, the other files will be added
    automatically.

 4. When linking shared object (.so) files, i.e. files that are loaded via
    dlopen(3), NOT shared libraries, use "-module -avoid-version" to prevent
    them getting version tacked on.

    The PLIST file gets the foo.so entry.

 5. When linking programs that depend on these libraries before they are
    installed, preface the cc(1) or ld(1) line with "${LIBTOOL} --mode=link",
    and it will find the correct libraries (static or shared), but please be
    aware that libtool will not allow you to specify a relative path in -L
    (such as "-L../somelib"), because it expects you to change that argument to
    be the .la file. e.g.

    ${LIBTOOL} --mode=link ${CC} -o someprog -L../somelib -lsomelib

    should be changed to:

    ${LIBTOOL} --mode=link ${CC} -o someprog ../somelib/somelib.la

    and it will do the right thing with the libraries.

 6. When installing libraries, preface the install(1) or cp(1) command with "$
    {LIBTOOL} --mode=install", and change the library name to .la. e.g.

    ${LIBTOOL} --mode=install ${BSD_INSTALL_DATA} ${SOMELIB:.a=.la} ${PREFIX}/lib

    This will install the static .a, shared library, any needed symlinks, and
    run ldconfig(8).

 7. In your PLIST, include only the .la file (this is a change from previous
    behaviour).

15.3.2. Using libtool on GNU packages that already support libtool

Add USE_LIBTOOL=yes to the package Makefile. This will override the package's
own libtool in most cases. For older libtool using packages, libtool is made by
ltconfig script during the do-configure step; you can check the libtool script
location by doing make configure; find work*/ -name libtool.

LIBTOOL_OVERRIDE specifies which libtool scripts, relative to WRKSRC, to
override. By default, it is set to "libtool */libtool */*/libtool". If this
does not match the location of the package's libtool script(s), set it as
appropriate.

If you do not need *.a static libraries built and installed, then use
SHLIBTOOL_OVERRIDE instead.

If your package makes use of the platform independent library for loading
dynamic shared objects, that comes with libtool (libltdl), you should include
devel/libltdl/buildlink3.mk.

Some packages use libtool incorrectly so that the package may not work or build
in some circumstances. Some of the more common errors are:

  * The inclusion of a shared object (-module) as a dependent library in an
    executable or library. This in itself isn't a problem if one of two things
    has been done:

     1. The shared object is named correctly, i.e. libfoo.la, not foo.la

     2. The -dlopen option is used when linking an executable.

  * The use of libltdl without the correct calls to initialisation routines.
    The function lt_dlinit() should be called and the macro
    LTDL_SET_PRELOADED_SYMBOLS included in executables.

15.3.3. GNU Autoconf/Automake

If a package needs GNU autoconf or automake to be executed to regenerate the
configure script and Makefile.in makefile templates, then they should be
executed in a pre-configure target.

For packages that need only autoconf:

AUTOCONF_REQD=    2.50     # if default version is not good enough
USE_TOOLS+=     autoconf   # use "autoconf213" for autoconf-2.13
...

pre-configure:
          cd ${WRKSRC}; autoconf

...

and for packages that need automake and autoconf:

AUTOMAKE_REQD=  1.7.1      # if default version is not good enough
USE_TOOLS+=     automake   # use "automake14" for automake-1.4
...

pre-configure:
          cd ${WRKSRC};                                           \
          aclocal; autoheader;                                    \
          automake -a --foreign -i; autoconf

...

Packages which use GNU Automake will almost certainly require GNU Make.

There are times when the configure process makes additional changes to the
generated files, which then causes the build process to try to re-execute the
automake sequence. This is prevented by touching various files in the configure
stage. If this causes problems with your package you can set AUTOMAKE_OVERRIDE=
NO in the package Makefile.

15.4. Building considerations

15.4.1. CPP defines

To port an application to NetBSD, it's usually necessary for the compiler to be
able to judge the system on which it's compiling, and we use definitions so
that the C pre-processor can do this.

To test whether you are working on a 4.4 BSD-derived system, you should use the
BSD definition, which is defined in <sys/param.h> on said systems.

#include <sys/param.h>

and then you can surround the BSD-specific parts of your package's C/C++ code
using this conditional:

#if (defined(BSD) && BSD >= 199306)
    ...
#endif

Please use the "__NetBSD__" definition sparingly - it should only apply to
features of NetBSD that are not present in other 4.4-lite derived BSDs.

15.5. Package specific actions

15.5.1. User interaction

Occasionally, packages require interaction from the user, and this can be in a
number of ways:

  * help in fetching the distfiles

  * help to configure the package before it is built

  * help during the build process

  * help during the installation of a package

The INTERACTIVE_STAGE definition is provided to notify the pkgsrc mechanism of
an interactive stage which will be needed, and this should be set in the
package's Makefile. e.g.

INTERACTIVE_STAGE= build

Multiple interactive stages can be specified:

INTERACTIVE_STAGE= configure install

15.5.2. Handling licenses

A package may underly a license which the user has or has not agreed to accept.
Usually, packages that underly well-known Open Source licenses (e.g. the GNU
Public License, GPL) won't have any special license tags added in pkgsrc which
require special action by the user of such packages, but there are quite a
number of other licenses out there that pkgsrc users may not be able to follow,
for whatever reasons. For these cases, pkgsrc contains a mechanism to note that
a package underlies a certain license, and the user has to accept the license
before the package can be installed.

Placing a certain package under a certain license works by setting the LICENSE
variable to a string identifying the license, e.g. in graphics/graphviz:

LICENSE=        graphviz-license

When trying to build, the user will get a notice that the package underlies a
license which he hasn't accepted (yet):

% make
===> graphviz-1.12 has an unacceptable license: graphviz-license.
===>     To build this package, add this line to your /etc/mk.conf:
===>     ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES+=graphviz-license
===>     To view the license, enter "/usr/bin/make show-license".
*** Error code 1

The license can be viewed with make show-license, and if it is considered
appropriate, the line printed above can be added to /etc/mk.conf to indicate
acceptance of the particular license:

ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES+=graphviz-license

When adding a package with a new license, the license text should be added to
pkgsrc/licenses for displaying. A list of known licenses can be seen in this
directory as well as by looking at the list of (commented out)
ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES variable settings in pkgsrc/mk/defaults/mk.conf.

If there is a really pressing need to accept all licenses at once, like when
trying to download or mirror all distfiles or doing a bulk build to test if all
packages in pkgsrc build, this can be done by setting _ACCEPTABLE=yes.

15.5.3. Installing score files

Certain packages, most of them in the games category, install a score file that
allows all users on the system to record their highscores. In order for this to
work, the binaries need to be installed setgid and the score files owned by the
appropriate group and/or owner (traditionally the "games" user/group). The
following variables, documented in more detail in mk/defaults/mk.conf, control
this behaviour: SETGIDGAME, GAMEDATAMODE, GAMEGRP, GAMEMODE, GAMEOWN.

Note that per default, setgid installation of games is disabled; setting
SETGIDGAME=YES will set all the other variables accordingly.

A package should therefor never hard code file ownership or access permissions
but rely on INSTALL_GAME and INSTALL_GAME_DATA to set these correctly.

15.5.4. Packages containing perl scripts

If your package contains interpreted perl scripts, set REPLACE_PERL to ensure
that the proper interpreter path is set. REPLACE_PERL should contain a list of
scripts, relative to WRKSRC, that you want adjusted.

15.5.5. Packages with hardcoded paths to other interpreters

Your package may also contain scripts with hardcoded paths to other
interpreters besides (or as well as) perl. To correct the full pathname to the
script interpreter, you need to set the following definitions in your Makefile
(we shall use tclsh in this example):

  REPLACE_INTERPRETER+=     tcl
    _REPLACE.tcl.old=     .*/bin/tclsh
    _REPLACE.tcl.new=     ${PREFIX}/bin/tclsh
    _REPLACE_FILES.tcl=   ...list of tcl scripts which need to be fixed,
                          relative to ${WRKSRC}, just as in REPLACE_PERL

15.5.6. Packages installing perl modules

Makefiles of packages providing perl5 modules should include the Makefile
fragment ../../lang/perl5/module.mk. It provides a do-configure target for the
standard perl configuration for such modules as well as various hooks to tune
this configuration. See comments in this file for details.

Perl5 modules will install into different places depending on the version of
perl used during the build process. To address this, pkgsrc will append lines
to the PLIST corresponding to the files listed in the installed .packlist file
generated by most perl5 modules. This is invoked by defining PERL5_PACKLIST to
a space-separated list of paths to packlist files, e.g.:

PERL5_PACKLIST=   ${PERL5_SITEARCH}/auto/Pg/.packlist

The variables PERL5_SITELIB, PERL5_SITEARCH, and PERL5_ARCHLIB represent the
three locations in which perl5 modules may be installed, and may be used by
perl5 packages that don't have a packlist. These three variables are also
substituted for in the PLIST.

15.5.7. Packages installing info files

Some packages install info files or use the "makeinfo" or "install-info"
commands. Each of the info files:

  * is considered to be installed in the directory ${PREFIX}/${INFO_DIR},

  * is registered in the Info directory file ${PREFIX}/${INFO_DIR}/dir,

  * and must be listed as a filename in the INFO_FILES variable in the package
    Makefile.

INFO_DIR defaults to "info" and can be overridden in the package Makefile.
INSTALL and DEINSTALL scripts will be generated to handle registration of the
info files in the Info directory file. The "install-info" command used for the
info files registration is either provided by the system, or by a special
purpose package automatically added as dependency if needed.

A package which needs the "makeinfo" command at build time must define the
variable USE_MAKEINFO in its Makefile. If a minimum version of the "makeinfo"
command is needed it should be noted with the TEXINFO_REQD variable in the
package Makefile. By default, a minimum version of 3.12 is required. If the
system does not provide a makeinfo command or if it does not match the required
minimum, a build dependency on the devel/gtexinfo package will be added
automatically.

The build and installation process of the software provided by the package
should not use the install-info command as the registration of info files is
the task of the package INSTALL script, and it must use the appropriate
makeinfo command.

To achieve this goal the pkgsrc infrastructure creates overriding scripts for
the install-info and makeinfo commands in a directory listed early in PATH.

The script overriding install-info has no effect except the logging of a
message. The script overriding makeinfo logs a message and according to the
value of USE_MAKEINFO and TEXINFO_REQD either run the appropriate makeinfo
command or exit on error.

15.5.8. Packages installing GConf2 data files

If a package installs .schemas or .entries files, used by GConf2, you need to
take some extra steps to make sure they get registered in the database:

 1. Include ../../devel/GConf2/schemas.mk instead of its buildlink3.mk file.
    This takes care of rebuilding the GConf2 database at installation and
    deinstallation time, and tells the package where to install GConf2 data
    files using some standard configure arguments. It also disallows any access
    to the database directly from the package.

 2. Ensure that the package installs its .schemas files under ${PREFIX}/share/
    gconf/schemas. If they get installed under ${PREFIX}/etc, you will need to
    manually patch the package.

 3. Check the PLIST and remove any entries under the etc/gconf directory, as
    they will be handled automatically. See Section 7.14, "How do I change the
    location of configuration files?" for more information.

 4. Define the GCONF2_SCHEMAS variable in your Makefile with a list of all
    .schemas files installed by the package, if any. Names must not contain any
    directories in them.

 5. Define the GCONF2_ENTRIES variable in your Makefile with a list of all
    .entries files installed by the package, if any. Names must not contain any
    directories in them.

15.5.9. Packages installing scrollkeeper data files

If a package installs .omf files, used by scrollkeeper, you need to take some
extra steps to make sure they get registered in the database:

 1. Include ../../textproc/scrollkeeper/omf.mk instead of its buildlink3.mk
    file. This takes care of rebuilding the scrollkeeper database at
    installation and deinstallation time, and disallows any access to it
    directly from the package.

 2. Check the PLIST and remove any entries under the libdata/scrollkeeper
    directory, as they will be handled automatically.

 3. Remove the share/omf directory from the PLIST. It will be handled by
    scrollkeeper.

15.5.10. Packages installing X11 fonts

If a package installs font files, you will need to rebuild the fonts database
in the directory where they get installed at installation and deinstallation
time. This can be automatically done by using mk/fonts.mk, which you need to
include in your Makefile.

When the file is included, you can list the directories where fonts are
installed in the FONTS_type_DIRS variables, where type can be one of "TTF",
"TYPE1" or "X11". Also make sure that the database file fonts.dir is not listed
in the PLIST.

Note that you should not create new directories for fonts; instead use the
standard ones to avoid that the user needs to manually configure his X server
to find them.

15.5.11. Packages installing GTK2 modules

If a package installs gtk2 immodules or loaders, you need to take some extra
steps to get them registered in the GTK2 database properly:

 1. Include ../../x11/gtk2/modules.mk instead of its buildlink3.mk file. This
    takes care of rebuilding the database at installation and deinstallation
    time.

 2. Set GTK2_IMMODULES=YES if your package installs GTK2 immodules.

 3. Set GTK2_LOADERS=YES if your package installs GTK2 loaders.

 4. Patch the package to not touch any of the gtk2 databases directly. These
    are:

      * libdata/gtk-2.0/gdk-pixbuf.loaders

      * libdata/gtk-2.0/gtk.immodules

 5. Check the PLIST and remove any entries under the libdata/gtk-2.0 directory,
    as they will be handled automatically.

15.5.12. Packages installing SGML or XML data

If a package installs SGML or XML data files that need to be registered in
system-wide catalogs (like DTDs, sub-catalogs, etc.), you need to take some
extra steps:

 1. Include ../../textproc/xmlcatmgr/catalogs.mk in your Makefile, which takes
    care of registering those files in system-wide catalogs at installation and
    deinstallation time.

 2. Set SGML_CATALOGS to the full path of any SGML catalogs installed by the
    package.

 3. Set XML_CATALOGS to the full path of any XML catalogs installed by the
    package.

 4. Set SGML_ENTRIES to individual entries to be added to the SGML catalog.
    These come in groups of three strings; see xmlcatmgr(1) for more
    information (specifically, arguments recognized by the 'add' action). Note
    that you will normally not use this variable.

 5. Set XML_ENTRIES to individual entries to be added to the XML catalog. These
    come in groups of three strings; see xmlcatmgr(1) for more information
    (specifically, arguments recognized by the 'add' action). Note that you
    will normally not use this variable.

15.5.13. Packages installing extensions to the MIME database

If a package provides extensions to the MIME database by installing .xml files
inside ${PREFIX}/share/mime/packages, you need to take some extra steps to
ensure that the database is kept consistent with respect to these new files:

 1. Include ../../databases/shared-mime-info/mimedb.mk (avoid using the
    buildlink3.mk file from this same directory, which is reserved for
    inclusion from other buildlink3.mk files). It takes care of rebuilding the
    MIME database at installation and deinstallation time, and disallows any
    access to it directly from the package.

 2. Check the PLIST and remove any entries under the share/mime directory,
    except for files saved under share/mime/packages. The former are handled
    automatically by the update-mime-database program, but the later are
    package-dependent and must be removed by the package that installed them in
    the first place.

 3. Remove any share/mime/* directories from the PLIST. They will be handled by
    the shared-mime-info package.

15.5.14. Packages using intltool

If a package uses intltool during its build, include the ../../textproc/
intltool/buildlink3.mk file, which forces it to use the intltool package
provided by pkgsrc, instead of the one bundled with the distribution file.

This tracks intltool's build-time dependencies and uses the latest available
version; this way, the package benefits of any bug fixes that may have appeared
since it was released.

15.5.15. Packages installing startup scripts

If a package contains a rc.d script, it won't be copied into the startup
directory by default, but you can enable it, by adding the option
PKG_RCD_SCRIPTS=YES in /etc/mk.conf. This option will copy the scripts into /
etc/rc.d when a package is installed, and it will automatically remove the
scripts when the package is deinstalled.

15.6. Feedback to the author

If you have found any bugs in the package you make available, if you had to do
special steps to make it run under NetBSD or if you enhanced the software in
various other ways, be sure to report these changes back to the original author
of the program! With that kind of support, the next release of the program can
incorporate these fixes, and people not using the NetBSD packages system can
win from your efforts.

Support the idea of free software!

Chapter 16. Debugging

To check out all the gotchas when building a package, here are the steps that I
do in order to get a package working. Please note this is basically the same as
what was explained in the previous sections, only with some debugging aids.

  * Be sure to set PKG_DEVELOPER=1 in /etc/mk.conf

  * Install pkgtools/url2pkg, create a directory for a new package, change into
    it, then run url2pkg:

    % mkdir /usr/pkgsrc/category/examplepkg
    % cd /usr/pkgsrc/category/examplepkg
    % url2pkg http://www.example.com/path/to/distfile.tar.gz

  * Edit the Makefile as requested.

  * Fill in the DESCR file

  * Run make configure

  * Add any dependencies glimpsed from documentation and the configure step to
    the package's Makefile.

  * Make the package compile, doing multiple rounds of

    % make
    % pkgvi ${WRKSRC}/some/file/that/does/not/compile
    % mkpatches
    % patchdiff
    % mv ${WRKDIR}/.newpatches/* patches
    % make mps
    % make clean

    Doing as non-root user will ensure that no files are modified that
    shouldn't be, especially during the build phase. mkpatches, patchdiff and
    pkgvi are from the pkgtools/pkgdiff package.

  * Look at the Makefile, fix if necessary; see Section 8.1, "Makefile".

  * Generate a PLIST:

    # make install
    # make print-PLIST >PLIST
    # make deinstall
    # make install
    # make deinstall

    You usually need to be root to do this. Look if there are any files left:

    # make print-PLIST

    If this reveals any files that are missing in PLIST, add them.

  * Now that the PLIST is OK, install the package again and make a binary
    package:

    # make reinstall
    # make package

  * Delete the installed package:

    # pkg_delete blub

  * Repeat the above make print-PLIST command, which shouldn't find anything
    now:

    # make print-PLIST

  * Reinstall the binary package:

    # pkgadd .../blub.tgz

  * Play with it. Make sure everything works.

  * Run pkglint from pkgtools/pkglint, and fix the problems it reports:

    # pkglint

  * Submit (or commit, if you have cvs access); see Chapter 17, Submitting and
    Committing.

Chapter 17. Submitting and Committing

Table of Contents

17.1. Submitting your packages
17.2. General notes when adding, updating, or removing packages
17.3. Committing: Importing a package into CVS
17.4. Updating a package to a newer version
17.5. Moving a package in pkgsrc

17.1. Submitting your packages

You have to separate between binary and "normal" (source) packages here:

  * precompiled binary packages

    Our policy is that we accept binaries only from pkgsrc developers to
    guarantee that the packages don't contain any trojan horses etc. This is
    not to annoy anyone but rather to protect our users! You're still free to
    put up your home-made binary packages and tell the world where to get them.
    NetBSD developers doing bulk builds and wanting to upload them please see
    Section 6.3.8, "Uploading results of a bulk build".

  * packages

    First, check that your package is complete, compiles and runs well; see
    Chapter 16, Debugging and the rest of this document. Next, generate an
    uuencoded gzipped tar(1) archive, preferably with all files in a single
    directory. Finally, send-pr with category "pkg", a synopsis which includes
    the package name and version number, a short description of your package
    (contents of the COMMENT variable or DESCR file are OK) and attach the
    archive to your PR.

    If you want to submit several packages, please send a separate PR for each
    one, it's easier for us to track things that way.

    Alternatively, you can also import new packages into pkgsrc-wip ("pkgsrc
    work-in-progress"); see the homepage at http://pkgsrc-wip.sourceforge.net/
    for details.

17.2. General notes when adding, updating, or removing packages

Please note all package additions, updates, moves, and removals in pkgsrc/doc/
CHANGES. It's very important to keep this file up to date and conforming to the
existing format, because it will be used by scripts to automatically update
pages on www.NetBSD.org and other sites. Additionally, check the pkgsrc/doc/
TODO file and remove the entry for the package you updated or removed, in case
it was mentioned there.

There is a make target that helps in creating proper CHANGES entries: make
changes-entry. It uses the optional CTYPE and NETBSD_LOGIN_NAME variables. The
general usage is to first make sure that your CHANGES file is up-to-date (to
avoid having to resolve conflicts later-on) and then to cd to the package
directory. For package updates, make changes-entry is enough. For new packages,
or package moves or removals, set the CTYPE variable on the command line to
"Added", "Moved", or "Removed". You can set NETBSD_LOGIN_NAME in /etc/mk.conf
if your local login name is not the same as your NetBSD login name. Don't
forget to commit the changes to pkgsrc/doc/CHANGES!

17.3. Committing: Importing a package into CVS

This section is only of interest for pkgsrc developers with write access to the
pkgsrc repository. Please remember that cvs imports files relative to the
current working directory, and that the pathname that you give the cvs import
command is so that it knows where to place the files in the repository. Newly
created packages should be imported with a vendor tag of "TNF" and a release
tag of "pkgsrc-base", e.g:

  % cd .../pkgsrc/category/pkgname
  % cvs import pkgsrc/category/pkgname TNF pkgsrc-base

Remember to move the directory from which you imported out of the way, or cvs
will complain the next time you "cvs update" your source tree. Also don't
forget to add the new package to the category's Makefile.

The commit message of the initial import should include part of the DESCR file,
so people reading the mailing lists know what the package is/does.

For new packages, "cvs import" is preferred to "cvs add" because the former
gets everything with a single command, and provides a consistent tag.

17.4. Updating a package to a newer version

Please always put a concise, appropriate and relevant summary of the changes
between old and new versions into the commit log when updating a package. There
are various reasons for this:

  * A URL is volatile, and can change over time. It may go away completely or
    its information may be overwritten by newer information.

  * Having the change information between old and new versions in our CVS
    repository is very useful for people who use either cvs or anoncvs.

  * Having the change information between old and new versions in our CVS
    repository is very useful for people who read the pkgsrc-changes mailing
    list, so that they can make tactical decisions about when to upgrade the
    package.

Please also recognize that, just because a new version of a package has been
released, it should not automatically be upgraded in the CVS repository. We
prefer to be conservative in the packages that are included in pkgsrc -
development or beta packages are not really the best thing for most places in
which pkgsrc is used. Please use your judgement about what should go into
pkgsrc, and bear in mind that stability is to be preferred above new and
possibly untested features.

17.5. Moving a package in pkgsrc

 1. Make a copy of the directory somewhere else.

 2. Remove all CVS dirs.

    Alternatively to the first two steps you can also do:

    % cvs -d user@cvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot export -D today pkgsrc/category/package

    and use that for further work.

 3. Fix CATEGORIES and any DEPENDS paths that just did "../package" instead of
    "../../category/package".

 4. cvs import the modified package in the new place.

 5. Check if any package depends on it:

    % cd /usr/pkgsrc
    % grep /package */*/Makefile* */*/buildlink*

 6. Fix paths in packages from step 5 to point to new location.

 7. cvs rm (-f) the package at the old location.

 8. Remove from oldcategory/Makefile.

 9. Add to newcategory/Makefile.

10. Commit the changed and removed files:

    % cvs commit oldcategory/package oldcategory/Makefile newcategory/Makefile

    (and any packages from step 5, of course).

Appendix A. A simple example package: bison

Table of Contents

A.1. files

    A.1.1. Makefile
    A.1.2. DESCR
    A.1.3. PLIST
    A.1.4. Checking a package with pkglint

A.2. Steps for building, installing, packaging

We checked to find a piece of software that wasn't in the packages collection,
and picked GNU bison. Quite why someone would want to have bison when Berkeley
yacc is already present in the tree is beyond us, but it's useful for the
purposes of this exercise.

A.1. files

A.1.1. Makefile

# $NetBSD$
#

DISTNAME=       bison-1.25
CATEGORIES=     devel
MASTER_SITES=   ${MASTER_SITE_GNU}

MAINTAINER=     thorpej@NetBSD.org
HOMEPAGE=       http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/bison.html
COMMENT=        GNU yacc clone

GNU_CONFIGURE=  yes
INFO_FILES=     bison.info

.include "../../mk/bsd.pkg.mk"

A.1.2. DESCR

GNU version of yacc.  Can make re-entrant parsers, and numerous other
improvements.  Why you would want this when Berkeley yacc(1) is part
of the NetBSD source tree is beyond me.

A.1.3. PLIST

@comment $NetBSD$
bin/bison
man/man1/bison.1.gz
share/bison.simple
share/bison.hairy

A.1.4. Checking a package with pkglint

The NetBSD package system comes with pkgtools/pkglint which helps to check the
contents of these files. After installation it is quite easy to use, just
change to the directory of the package you wish to examine and execute pkglint:

$ pkglint
looks fine.

Depending on the supplied command line arguments (see pkglint(1)) more verbose
checks will be performed. Use e.g. pkglint -v for a very verbose check.

A.2. Steps for building, installing, packaging

Create the directory where the package lives, plus any auxiliary directories:

# cd /usr/pkgsrc/lang
# mkdir bison
# cd bison
# mkdir patches

Create Makefile, DESCR and PLIST (see Chapter 8, Package components - files,
directories and contents) then continue with fetching the distfile:

# make fetch
>> bison-1.25.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system.
>> Attempting to fetch from ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu//.
Requesting ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/)
ftp: Error retrieving file: 500 Internal error

>> Attempting to fetch from ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/systems/gnu//.
Requesting ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/systems/gnu//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/)
ftp: Error retrieving file: 500 Internal error

>> Attempting to fetch from ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles//.
Requesting ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles//bison-1.25.tar.gz (via ftp://orpheus.amdahl.com:80/)
Successfully retrieved file.

Generate the checksum of the distfile into distinfo:

# make makesum

Now compile:

# make
>> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz.
===>  Extracting for bison-1.25
===>  Patching for bison-1.25
===>   Ignoring empty patch directory
===>  Configuring for bison-1.25
creating cache ./config.cache
checking for gcc... cc
checking whether we are using GNU C... yes
checking for a BSD compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin
checking how to run the C preprocessor... cc -E
checking for minix/config.h... no
checking for POSIXized ISC... no
checking whether cross-compiling... no
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for working const... yes
checking for working alloca.h... no
checking for alloca... yes
checking for strerror... yes
updating cache ./config.cache
creating ./config.status
creating Makefile
===>  Building for bison-1.25
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g LR0.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g allocate.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g closure.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g conflicts.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g derives.c
cc -c -DXPFILE=\"/usr/pkg/share/bison.simple\"  -DXPFILE1=\"/usr/pkg/share/bison.hairy\" -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1  -g  ./files.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g getargs.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g gram.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g lalr.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g lex.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g main.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g nullable.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g output.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g print.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g reader.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g reduce.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g symtab.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g warshall.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g version.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g getopt.c
cc -c -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_ALLOCA=1 -DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -I./../include  -g getopt1.c
cc  -g -o bison LR0.o allocate.o closure.o conflicts.o derives.o files.o         getargs.o gram.o lalr.o lex.o                                   main.o nullable.o output.o print.o reader.o reduce.o symtab.o   warshall.o version.o getopt.o getopt1.o
./files.c:240: warning: mktemp() possibly used unsafely, consider using mkstemp()
rm -f bison.s1
sed -e "/^#line/ s|bison|/usr/pkg/share/bison|" < ./bison.simple > bison.s1

Everything seems OK, so install the files:

# make install
>> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz.
===>  Installing for bison-1.25
sh ./mkinstalldirs /usr/pkg/bin /usr/pkg/share  /usr/pkg/info /usr/pkg/man/man1
rm -f /usr/pkg/bin/bison
cd /usr/pkg/share; rm -f bison.simple bison.hairy
rm -f /usr/pkg/man/man1/bison.1 /usr/pkg/info/bison.info*
install -c  -o bin -g bin -m 555 bison /usr/pkg/bin/bison
/usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 bison.s1 /usr/pkg/share/bison.simple
/usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 ./bison.hairy /usr/pkg/share/bison.hairy
cd .; for f in bison.info*;  do /usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 $f /usr/pkg/info/$f; done
/usr/bin/install -c -o bin -g bin -m 644 ./bison.1 /usr/pkg/man/man1/bison.1
===>  Registering installation for bison-1.25

You can now use bison, and also - if you decide so - remove it with pkg_delete
bison. Should you decide that you want a binary package, do this now:

# make package
>> Checksum OK for bison-1.25.tar.gz.
===>  Building package for bison-1.25
Creating package bison-1.25.tgz
Registering depends:.
Creating gzip'd tar ball in '/u/pkgsrc/lang/bison/bison-1.25.tgz'

Now that you don't need the source and object files any more, clean up:

# make clean
===>  Cleaning for bison-1.25

Appendix B. Build logs

Table of Contents

B.1. Building figlet
B.2. Packaging figlet

B.1. Building figlet

# make
===> Checking for vulnerabilities in figlet-2.2.1nb2
=> figlet221.tar.gz doesn't seem to exist on this system.
=> Attempting to fetch figlet221.tar.gz from ftp://ftp.figlet.org/pub/figlet/program/unix/.
=> [172219 bytes]
Connected to ftp.plig.net.
220 ftp.plig.org NcFTPd Server (licensed copy) ready.
331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password.
230-You are user #5 of 500 simultaneous users allowed.
230-
230-  ___ _             _ _
230- |  _| |_ ___   ___| |_|___   ___ ___ ___
230- |  _|  _| . |_| . | | | . |_| . |  _| . |
230- |_| |_| |  _|_|  _|_|_|_  |_|___|_| |_  |
230-         |_|   |_|     |___|         |___|
230-
230-** Welcome to ftp.plig.org **
230-
230-Please note that all transfers from this FTP site are logged. If you
230-do not like this, please disconnect now.
230-
230-This arhive is available via
230-
230-HTTP:  http://ftp.plig.org/
230-FTP:   ftp://ftp.plig.org/     (max 500 connections)
230-RSYNC: rsync://ftp.plig.org/   (max  30 connections)
230-
230-Please email comments, bug reports and requests for packages to be
230-mirrored to ftp-admin@plig.org.
230-
230-
230 Logged in anonymously.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
200 Type okay.
250 "/pub" is new cwd.
250-"/pub/figlet" is new cwd.
250-
250-Welcome to the figlet archive at ftp.figlet.org
250-
250-    ftp://ftp.figlet.org/pub/figlet/
250-
250-The official FIGlet web page is:
250-    http://www.figlet.org/
250-
250-If you have questions, please mailto:info@figlet.org. If you want to
250-contribute a font or something else, you can email us.
250
250 "/pub/figlet/program" is new cwd.
250 "/pub/figlet/program/unix" is new cwd.
local: figlet221.tar.gz remote: figlet221.tar.gz
502 Unimplemented command.
227 Entering Passive Mode (195,40,6,41,246,104)
150 Data connection accepted from 84.128.86.72:65131; transfer starting for figlet221.tar.gz (172219 bytes).
38% |**************                       | 65800      64.16 KB/s    00:01 ETA
226 Transfer completed.
172219 bytes received in 00:02 (75.99 KB/s)
221 Goodbye.
=> Checksum OK for figlet221.tar.gz.
===> Extracting for figlet-2.2.1nb2
===> Required installed package ccache-[0-9]*: ccache-2.3nb1 found
===> Patching for figlet-2.2.1nb2
===> Applying pkgsrc patches for figlet-2.2.1nb2
===> Overriding tools for figlet-2.2.1nb2
===> Creating toolchain wrappers for figlet-2.2.1nb2
===> Configuring for figlet-2.2.1nb2
===> Building for figlet-2.2.1nb2
gcc -O2 -DDEFAULTFONTDIR=\"/usr/pkg/share/figlet\"  -DDEFAULTFONTFILE=\"standard.flf\"  figlet.c zipio.c crc.c inflate.c -o figlet
chmod a+x figlet
gcc -O2 -o chkfont chkfont.c
=> Unwrapping files-to-be-installed.
#
# make install
===> Checking for vulnerabilities in figlet-2.2.1nb2
===> Installing for figlet-2.2.1nb2
install -d -o root -g wheel -m 755 /usr/pkg/bin
install -d -o root -g wheel -m 755 /usr/pkg/man/man6
mkdir -p /usr/pkg/share/figlet
cp figlet /usr/pkg/bin
cp chkfont /usr/pkg/bin
chmod 555 figlist showfigfonts
cp figlist /usr/pkg/bin
cp showfigfonts /usr/pkg/bin
cp fonts/*.flf /usr/pkg/share/figlet
cp fonts/*.flc /usr/pkg/share/figlet
cp figlet.6 /usr/pkg/man/man6
===> Registering installation for figlet-2.2.1nb2
#

B.2. Packaging figlet

# make package
===> Checking for vulnerabilities in figlet-2.2.1nb2
===> Packaging figlet-2.2.1nb2
===> Building binary package for figlet-2.2.1nb2
Creating package /home/cvs/pkgsrc/packages/i386/All/figlet-2.2.1nb2.tgz
Using SrcDir value of /usr/pkg
Registering depends:.
#

Appendix C. Layout of the FTP server's package archive

Layout for precompiled binary packages on ftp.NetBSD.org:

/pub/NetBSD/packages/
                distfiles/

                # Unpacked pkgsrc trees
                pkgsrc-current -> /pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-current/pkgsrc
                pkgsrc-2003Q4 -> N/A
                pkgsrc-2004Q1/pkgsrc

                # pkgsrc archives
                pkgsrc-current.tar.gz -> ../NetBSD-current/tar_files/pkgsrc.tar.gz
                pkgsrc-2003Q4.tar.gz -> N/A
                pkgsrc-2004Q1.tar.gz -> N/A

                # Per pkgsrc-release/OS-release/arch package archives
                pkgsrc-2003Q4/
                        NetBSD-1.6.2/
                                i386/
                                        All/
                                        archivers/
                                                foo -> ../All/foo
                                        ...
                pkgsrc-2004Q1/
                        NetBSD-1.6.2/
                                i386/
                                        All/
                                        ...
                        NetBSD-2.0/
                                i386/
                                        All/
                                        ...
                        SunOS-5.9/
                                sparc/
                                        All/
                                        ...
                                x86/
                                        All/
                                        ...

                # Per os-release package archive convenience links
                NetBSD-1.6.2 -> 1.6.2
                1.6.2/
                        i386 -> ../pkgsrc-2004Q1/NetBSD-1.6.2/i386
                        m68k/
                                All/
                                archivers/
                                        foo -> ../All/foo
                                ...
                        amiga -> m68k
                        atari -> m68k
                        ...

                2.0 -> NetBSD-2.0       # backward compat, historic
                NetBSD-2.0/
                        i386 -> ../pkgsrc-2004Q1/NetBSD-2.0/i386
                SunOS-5.9/
                        sparc -> ../pkgsrc-2004Q1/SunOS-5.9/sparc
                        x86 -> ../pkgsrc-2004Q1/SunOS-5.9/x86


To create:

 1. Run bulk build, see Section 6.3, "Doing a bulk build of all packages"

 2. Upload /usr/pkgsrc/packages to

        ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/\
            pkgsrc-2004Q4/\                         # pkgsrc-branch
            `uname -s`-`uname -r`/                  # OS & version
            `uname -p`                              # architecture


 3. If necessary, create a symlink ln -s `uname -m` `uname -p` (amiga -> m68k,
    ...)

Appendix D. Editing guidelines for the pkgsrc guide

Table of Contents

D.1. Targets
D.2. Procedure

This section contains information on editing the pkgsrc guide itself.

D.1. Targets

The pkgsrc guide's source code is stored in pkgsrc/doc/guide/files, and several
files are created from it:

  * pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.txt

  * pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.html

  * http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/pkgsrc/: the documentation on the
    NetBSD website will be built from pkgsrc and kept up to date on the web
    server itself. This means you must make sure that your changes haven't
    broken the build!

  * http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.pdf: PDF version of the
    pkgsrc guide.

  * http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/pkgsrc/pkgsrc.ps: PostScript version of
    the pkgsrc guide.

D.2. Procedure

The procedure to edit the pkgsrc guide is:

  * Make sure you have the packages needed to re-generate the pkgsrc guide (and
    other XML-based NetBSD documentation) installed. These are "netbsd-doc" for
    creating the ASCII- and HTML-version, and "netbsd-doc-print"for the
    PostScript- and PDF version. You will need both packages installed, to make
    sure documentation is consistent across all formats. The packages can be
    found in pkgsrc/meta-pkgs/netbsd-doc and pkgsrc/meta-pkgs/netbsd-doc-print.

  * Edit the XML file(s) in pkgsrc/doc/guide/files.

  * Run make extract && make do-lint in pkgsrc/doc/guide to check the XML
    syntax, and fix it if needed.

  * Run make in pkgsrc/doc/guide to build the HTML and ASCII version.

  * If all is well, run make install-doc to put the generated files into pkgsrc
    /doc.

  * cvs commit pkgsrc/doc/guide/files

  * cvs commit -m re-generate pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.{html,txt}

  * Until the webserver on www.NetBSD.org is really updated automatically to
    pick up changes to the pkgsrc guide automatically, also run make
    install-htdocs HTDOCSDIR=../../../htdocs (or similar, adjust HTDOCSDIR!).

  * cvs commit htdocs/Documentation/pkgsrc