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-<!doctype debiandoc system>
-
-<book>
-
-<titlepag>
-<title>Debian Java FAQ.</title>
-<author>
-<name>Torsten Werner</name>
-<email>twerner@debian.org</email>
-</author>
-<author>
-<name>Niels Thykier</name>
-<email>niels@thykier.net</email>
-</author>
-<author>
-<name>Javier Fernández-Sanguino Peña</name>
-<email>jfs@debian.org</email>
-</author>
-<author>
-<name>Sylvestre Ledru</name>
-<email>sylvestre@debian.org</email>
-</author>
-<version>$Revision: 7831 $, $Date: 2013-06-05 21:17:15 +0100 $
-
-<abstract>
-Answers to Frequently Asked Questions on Debian and Java
-(Note: some information is not up-to-date). Any changes/corrections to this
-FAQ are appreciated. Please send them to the Debian Bug Tracking System as
-described in <ref id="bugs">.
-</abstract>
-
-<copyright>
-This document may be freely redistributed or modified in any form 
-provided your changes are clearly documented.
-
-This document may be redistributed for fee or free, and may be modified 
-(including translation from one type of media or file format to another 
-or from one spoken language to another) provided that all changes 
-from the original are clearly marked as such.
-</copyright>
-
-
-</titlepag>
-
-
-<toc>
-
-
-<chapt>Introduction
-<p>
-
-<sect>Introduction to this FAQ
-
-<P>This FAQ was started by Javier Fernández-Sanguino who on
-February 1st, 2000 was enough to send a message to the debian-java
-mailing list with the subject "How about a Debian-Java-FAQ?". Of
-course, since "every idea is a responsibility" he had to do this himself
-looking through the three month-long archive of the newborn mailing list.
-
-<p>The purpose of this FAQ is to be a place to look for all kinds of
-questions a developer or user might have regarding Java as far as Debian
-is concerned. It includes license issues, development packages available,
-and programs related to building a Free Software Java environment.
-
-<p>Thanks go to all the (many) contributors from the debian-java mailing list,
-who have made this document possible. Without their knowledge this 
-FAQ would not be at all possible since I only have a vague knowledge
-of what they're talking about when I browse the list.
-
-<p>Special thanks go to Paul Reavis, whose previous Debian-JDK
-informational page I used to add more information, and who made useful
-suggestions to this document. Also to Peter Moulder who revised
-thoroughly the FAQ and provided many suggestions, to Juergen
-Kreileder, maintainer of Blackdown's debian packages who pointed out
-some mistakes, and to Egon Willighagen, who has provided quite a lot
-of proper patches to update its content.
-
-<p>This document does not address issues with other Linux
-distributions, or with non-Debian-specific problems.
-
-
-<sect>Location of this FAQ 
-
-<p>This FAQ is published under the Debian Documentation Project
-at <url id="http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-java-faq/">.
-The <package>java-common</package> (available at
-<url id="http://packages.debian.org/java-common">) provides an
-HTML version for offline reading. The package version does not provide Text and
-PDF versions currently (if you want them please submit a bug
-'wishlist' to the package). Also, the web version might be more up-to-date
-than the package's offline version.
-
-<sect id="bugs">Sending bugs on this FAQ 
-
-<P>Please note that this FAQ is still outdated but gets updated step by step.
-
-<p> Please file bug reports against the java-common package if you find errors
-or have suggestions on how to improve this document. However, make sure you
-have read the latest online version of the english text available at <url
-id="http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-java-faq/index.html"> before
-filing a bug report. Translations, if available, and the offline version in
-the java-common package might be out of date.
-
-<sect>What is Java?
-<p>
-Java is a programming language originally developed by James Gosling at
-Sun Microsystems (which is now a subsidiary of Oracle Corporation) and
-released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform.
-Since May 2007, Sun/Oracle with some partners like Red Hat provide a free
-implementation released under the GNU GPL called OpenJDK.
-More information can be found at <url
-id="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_%28programming_language%29"
-name="Wikipedia">.
-
-<sect>Where can I ask questions about Java on Debian?
-
-<p>The appropriate place to ask such questions is <email>debian-java
-at lists.debian.org</email>. You can subscribe at the <url
-id="http://lists.debian.org/debian-java/" name="Debian Mailing Lists"> page.
-
-<sect id="moreinfo">Complementary information 
-
-<p>Users might want to access some online sources to complement the
-information available in this FAQ which might be, sometimes, too out
-of date. The main source of information is the
-<url id="http://wiki.debian.org/Java" name="Java entry"> at the Debian's wiki.
-
-<p>Since Ubuntu is based on Debian, some users might find it helpful
-to check the tips on <url id="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Java"
-name="Installing Java"> on Ubuntu's wiki.
-
-<sect id="pending">Uncovered issues
-
-<p>This FAQ does not describe some issues due to lack of time and/or
-information. If you are able to help in any of these, please, provide 
-them to the documentation maintainer:
-
-<list>
-
-<item>Information on how to setup a fully working Servlet engine (Application
-Server) using Apache and Tomcat or information on how to setup non-free
-application servers (such as WebSphere) in Debian.
-
-<item>Specific information targeted for non-i386 users (PowerPC users and AMD64 users), some can be found in Ubuntu's wiki.
-
-</list>
-
-
-
-<chapt>Java Development
-<p>
-<sect>What full-fledged Java development platforms are available in Debian?
-
-<p> If you are looking for an integrated, java virtual machine,
-compiler and runtime environment Debian does provide them.  Of course
-that would depend on the Debian GNU/Linux version you are using,
-generally speaking they would be:
-
-<list>
-
-<item>Sun's OpenJDK 6, available since the Debian 5.0 <em>Lenny</em>
-release in the <em>main</em> section.
-
-<item>Oracle's OpenJDK 7, available since the Debian 7.0 <em>Wheezy</em>
-release in the <em>main</em> section.
-
-<item>The combination GCJ, GIJ, and Classpath in the <em>main</em> section.
-</list>
-
-<p>It is recommended to install one of the default-jdk or default-jre meta
-packages which either installs OpenJDK or GCJ depending on the architecture and
-Debian version.
-
-<sect id="free">What free platforms are there and how can I contribute?
-<p>
-Please help one of the Free Java implementations if you want to use Java
-in Debian. There are a lot of projects that you can choose from:
-<list>
-
-<item>openjdk: <url id="http://openjdk.java.net/"></item>
-
-<item>gcj and libgcj: <url id="http://gcc.gnu.org/java/"></item>
-
-<item>Classpath <url id="http://www.classpath.org">. Most of the
-Standard classes for Java 1.2 (except Swing and RMI) are implemented by
-the ClassPath project, it tries to build an alternative to jdk's 1.2
-core classes. (NB: This was removed from Squeeze)</item>
-
-<item>Mauve <url
-id="http://sources.redhat.com/mauve/"> is a free suite to test if
-these tools are 'compliant'.</item>
-
-</list>
-
-<p>Most free Java development is grouped under the <url
-id="http://www.gnu.org/software/java/" name="Free Java
-Project">.
-
-<sect id="license-concerns">Questions on platforms and license concerns
-
-<sect1 id="java6">Java 6 and 7
-
-<p>There are binary packages available for the Java 6 and Java 7 platforms
-since the Debian 7.0 ('wheezy') release.
-
-Once this is done and you have updated your package database. You can either
-install the Java development kit:
-
-<example>
-apt-get install openjdk-6-jdk
-</example>
-
-or the Java runtime environment:
-
-<example>
-apt-get install openjdk-6-jre
-</example>
-
-<p>Similarly, you can install the Java 7 development kit:
-
-<example>
-apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk
-</example>
-
-or the Java 7 runtime environment:
-
-<example>
-apt-get install openjdk-7-jre
-</example>
-
-<p>You might want to update the alternatives system to have Sun's tools as the
-default:
-
-<example>
-update-java-alternatives -s java-1.6.0-openjdk-amd64
-</example>
-
-Or for java 7:
-
-<example>
-update-java-alternatives -s java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64
-</example>
-
-<sect1 id="openjdk">Oracle proprietary JVM
-
-<p>Since the version 7 of the OpenJDK, the proprietary JVM developments are done on the OpenJDK. That means that the OpenJDK is strongly tested and high quality.
-<p>However, some users might want to use the Oracle JVM for the proprietary extensions (for example: the browser plugin). For such need, Debian provides a tool called <url id="http://packages.debian.org/sid/java-package" name="java-package">. The program make-jpkg will take an upstream archive and convert it to a Debian package. For example:
-<example>
-    make-jpkg jdk-6u31-linux-x64.bin
-</example>
-<p>For more information see <url id="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/index.html" name="Oracle Technology Network Java">.
-
-
-<sect>Making Debian packages for Java programs.
-
-<sect1>Can the package go into main?
-
-<p>Yes, <em>but only if</em> it can be build and run with Java programs/tools
-in main, and if it has a Debian compliant open source license.
-If it needs programs from contrib or non-free, then is <em>must</em>
-go into contrib or non-free, depending on the license of the program itself.
-
-<sect1>Is there a good example Debian package?
-
-<p>There are many Debian packages of both Java applications and libraries.
-These may serve as an good starting point, as it can serve as an example
-for making a new Debian package.
-
-<p>A good start would be to check out the pkg-java project on
-Alioth: <url id="http://pkg-java.alioth.debian.org/">.
-
-<p>Note that there are many ways to make a Debian package, making use
-of Ant or Makefiles does not really matter.
-But, some tips for good practice are given on the pkg-java page:
-<url id="http://pkg-java.alioth.debian.org/developers.html#rules"> and
-<url id="http://pkg-java.alioth.debian.org/building.html">.
-
-
-<sect1>What tools are available to make maintaining a Java packages easier?
-
-<p>Both cdbs and debhelper (dh7) have support for ant scripts. There
-are also a number of specialized tools or build helpers. Have a look
-at <package>javahelper</package>
-or <package>maven-debian-helper</package>. <package>gcj-jdk</package>
-also has a dh_javadoc tool.</p>
-
-<sect1>Linking package Javadoc to system javadoc.
-
-<p>The java-policy mandates that documentation must be linked with the
-javadoc installed on the system. This can be done by passing javadoc
-the "-link" argument or by using the &lt;link&gt; tag in ant.  An
-example:
-
-<example>
-# command line example of linking against system doc.
-javadoc -link /usr/share/doc/default-jdk-doc/api [other arguments]
-
-&lt;!-- Ant example of linking against system doc --&gt;
-&lt;javadoc [attributes]&gt;
-    &lt;link href="/usr/share/doc/default-jdk-doc/api/" /&gt;
-    [other tags]
-&lt;/javadoc&gt;
-</example>
-</p>
-
-<p>The documentation must be installed at the time the linking is
-done; so in the example cases above the package would need a
-Build-Depends or a Build-Depends-Indep on
-<package>default-jdk-doc</package>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Here is a short list of packages that can be used for reference:
-<list>
-  <item><package>commons-jci</package></item>
-  <item><package>ow-util-ant-tasks</package></item>
-  <item><package>libhamcrest-java</package></item>
-  <item><package>libfreemarker-java</package></item>
-</list>
-</p>
-
-<chapt>Managing Java (for users and administrators)
-<p>
-By default Java programs shipped with Debian will use the java
-in PATH. Some of them may respect the JAVA_HOME variable
-(usually only if upstream supports this) or have command line
-arguments to select a different java implementation.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Unfortunately not all java implementations work as well as others.
-So some times it may be necessary to change the current java and
-Debian provides an easy way to change the default java in PATH by
-using update-java-alternatives (from the <package>java-common
-</package>). Some examples of how to do this are:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<example>
-# List available java implementations
-$ update-java-alternatives --list
-# Use openjdk-6 
-$ update-java-alternatives --set java-6-openjdk
-# Use the non-free sun java.
-$ update-java-alternatives --set java-6-sun
-# Use the non-free sun java only for the web plugin
-$ update-java-alternatives  --plugin --set java-6-sun
-</example>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For more information, please read the manpage (or the --help
-output) of update-java-alternatives. Also please note that
-update-java-alternatives is a frontend for update-alternatives.
-</p>
-
-<chapt>Java Virtual Machines (JVM)
-<p>
-<sect>What JVMs are available in Debian?
-
-<p>The following JVMs are currently available in Debian Wheezy:
-
-<list>
-<item><package>openjdk-6-jre</package></item>
-<item><package>openjdk-7-jre</package></item>
-<item><package>gcj-4.7-jre</package></item>
-</list>
-
-</p>
-
-<p>The following lists JVMs available in Debian 6.0 release ('Squeeze'):
-
-<list>
-<item><package>openjdk-6-jre</package></item>
-<item><package>sun-java6-jre</package> (non-free)</item>
-<item><package>gcj-4.4-jre</package></item>
-</list>
-
-<p>
-<sect>What Java Compilers are available in Debian?
-<p>
-<list>
-
-<item><package>openjdk-6-jdk</package></item>
-
-<item><package>openjdk-7-jdk</package></item>
-
-<item><package>gcj</package>. Compiles Java source to native code,
-also source to bytecode, or bytecode to native code. Please note that the
-support of the Java language is not completed.</item>
-
-</list>
-
-</p>
-
-<sect>What API do these JVMs provide?
-
-<p>Note that providing an API does not mean that everything is
-implemented, and certainly not implemented correctly. 
-
-<sect>Are there known problems?
-
-<p>Yes, there are. Some of these are reported as Debian bugs. You can
-look up the bugs for a specific Debian package at the <url
-id="http://www.debian.org/Bugs/" name="Debian Bug Tracking System">.  As
-a quick link, here are some packages:
-
-<list>
-<item><url id="http://bugs.debian.org/java-common" name="java-common"></item>
-<item><url id="http://bugs.debian.org/src:openjdk-6" name="openjdk-6"></item>
-<item><url id="http://bugs.debian.org/src:openjdk-7" name="openjdk-7"></item>
-<item><url id="http://bugs.debian.org/src:gcj-4.7" name="gcj-4.7"></item>
-</list>
-
-<p>As common within the Debian project, the developers would
-appreciate good bug reports on found problems. These include the good
-description of the problem, the command that gives the problem, the
-errors given when running the command, and any other information that
-might be relevant. A good tool to report bugs is
-<package>reportbug</package>.
-
-<sect>How can I use the proprietary version of the JDK/JRE from Oracle as a Debian package?
-<p>
-The package <url id="http://packages.debian.org/wheezy/java-package/" name="java-package"> provides an easy way to convert an upstream installer into a Debian package. It should be as easy as:
-<example>make-jpkg ~/Downloads/jdk-6u31-linux-x64.bin
-</example>
-<p>For more information, see this <url id="http://sylvestre.ledru.info/blog/2012/02/29/java_package_replacement_of_sun_java6" name="Blog article">
-
-<sect>Do I need a JVM to run a Java program in Debian?
-<p>
-No, you can try to run the applications without a jvm by compiling
-the source code to native code is. However, the usage of the OpenJDK is recommended. For example, gcj does not provide any support of Swing (the Java GUI API).
-
-<sect1>How do I compile to native code?
-
-<p>You might be able to use <prgn>gcj</prgn> to compile the program.
-And use <prgn>gcj</prgn> to convert bytecode to native code. The entire
-software chain is free.
-
-
-<chapt id="browser-java">Java Plugins for Browsers
-
-<p>
-<list>
-
-<item>You can install the package icedtea-6-plugin or icedtea-7-plugin in <em>wheezy</em></item>
-
-</list>
-
-
-<chapt>Java Servlets
-<p>
-<sect>How can I make Java servlets work?
-<p>You can use:
-<list>
-  <item>Apache <package>tomcat6</package> from <url id="http://tomcat.apache.org">.
-  <item>Eclipse <package>jetty</package> from <url id="http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/">.
-</list>
-
-
-<chapt>Java Policy
-<p>
-<sect>Is there a Java policy for Debian?
-<p>
-It is still in the works. The current policy addresses <em>some</em>
-of the problems. It has not been officially released. You can find
-it at <url id="http://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/java-policy/">.
-The Java Policy can also be found in the <package>java-common</package>
-package.
-
-<sect>Are there holes in the Java Policy?
-<p>Yes, some until under discussion. Please check out the 
-<url id="http://bugs.debian.org/java-common" name="bugs against
-the java-common package">. Thus it is <em>very</em> inconvenient to
-use several compilers of virtual machines since there is not one
-CLASSPATH setting for all of them.
-
-<chapt>Other Java alternatives for Debian
-<p>If the Java packages provided in Debian are not sufficient for your
-needs you might need to take a look at other alternatives. Please understand
-that these alternatives are not supported by the Debian project directly,
-you might get help, however, from the debian-java mailing list if you 
-encounter issues with them.
-
-<P>Some of the alternatives presented use Debian packages which is
-convenient, since the user/administrator does not need to care on installation
-issues. However, mixing packages that come from a source which is not
-the Debian project might cause conflicts with your installation some times.
-Of course, Debian tries to integrate as many free software efforts as 
-possible, so some of the alternatives described below might (if license
-permits) be included in Debian in the near future.
-
-<sect>Java programs not yet available on Debian
-<p>
-The following are programs that have not yet been packaged for Debian
-nor is there an installer. There are quite a lot Java programs out
-there.
-
-<p>A list of missing packages is maintained on the 
-<url id="http://wiki.debian.org/Java/RequestedPackages" name="Debian Wiki - Java Packaging Wishlist">.
-
-</book>