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|
<html>
<body bgcolor="#ffffff">
<img src="samba2_xs.gif" border="0" alt=" " height="100" width="76"
hspace="10" align="left" />
<h1 class="head0">Chapter 10. Printing</h1>
<p><a name="INDEX-1"/>This
chapter tackles the topic of setting up printers for use with Samba.
Aside from the "coolness factor" of
seeing documents from Windows word processing and graphics
applications appearing in the output tray of the Unix printer, this
facility can greatly increase the usefulness of your Samba server. In
many organizations, using a Unix system as the print server has led
to happier system administrators and users alike, due to the reduced
frequency of problems.</p>
<p>Samba allows client machines to share printers connected to the Samba
host system, and Samba can also send Unix documents to printers
shared by Windows systems. In this chapter, we discuss how to get
printers configured to work in either direction.</p>
<p>We focus in this chapter on getting Samba to serve up printers that
are already functioning on the Unix host. We include just a few
basics about setting up printers on Unix. Good references for this
topic include <em class="citetitle">Network Printing</em>,
<em class="citetitle">Essential System Administration</em>, and
<em class="citetitle">Running Linux</em>, all by
O'Reilly and Associates.</p>
<div class="sect1"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-1"/>
<h2 class="head1">Sending Print Jobs to Samba</h2>
<p><a name="INDEX-2"/>A
printer shared by the Samba server shows up in the list of shares
offered in the Network Neighborhood. If the printer is registered on
the client machine and the client has the correct printer driver
installed, the client can effortlessly send print jobs to a printer
attached to a Samba server. <a href="ch10.html#samba2-CHP-10-FIG-1">Figure 10-1</a> shows a
Samba printer as it appears in the Network Neighborhood of a Windows
client.</p>
<div class="figure"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-FIG-1"/><img src="figs/sam2_1001.gif"/></div><h4 class="head4">Figure 10-1. A Samba printer in the Network Neighborhood</h4>
<p>To administer printers with Samba, you should understand the basic
process by which
<a name="INDEX-3"/>printing
takes place on a network. On the client system, the application
software prints by utilizing the system's printer
driver for the printer that will be creating the actual output. It is
the printer driver software running on the client system that
translates the application's high-level calls into a
stream of binary data specific to the model of printer in use. In the
case of a serial, parallel, or USB printer, the data is stored in a
temporary file in the local system's printer queue
and then sent through the respective port directly to the printer.
For a network printer, the file is sent over the network.</p>
<a name="samba2-CHP-10-NOTE-150"/><blockquote class="note"><h4 class="objtitle">TIP</h4>
<p>Because the data has already been processed through a printer driver
by the time it reaches the Samba host, make sure the printer on the
Unix system is configured without any printer driver and that it will
print whatever data it receives in raw form. If you already have the
printer configured for use by Unix applications, you might need to
set up another queue for it to print documents received from Windows
clients correctly.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Sending a <a name="INDEX-4"/>print job to a printer on a
<a name="INDEX-5"/>Samba server involves four steps:</p>
<ol><li>
<p>Opening and authenticating a connection to the printer share</p>
</li><li>
<p>Copying the file over the network</p>
</li><li>
<p>Closing the connection</p>
</li><li>
<p>Printing and deleting the copy of the file</p>
</li></ol>
<p>When a print job arrives at a Samba server, the print data is
temporarily written to disk in the directory specified by the
<tt class="literal">path</tt> option of the printer share. Samba then
executes a Unix print command to send that datafile to the printer.
The job is then printed as the authenticated user of the share. Note
that this can be the guest user, depending on how the share is
configured.</p>
<div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-1.1"/>
<h3 class="head2">Print Commands</h3>
<p><a name="INDEX-6"/>To print the
document, you'll need to inform Samba of the command
used to print and delete a file. On Linux, which uses a BSD-style
printing system, a command that does this is:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">lpr -r -P<em class="replaceable">printer</em> <em class="replaceable">file</em></pre></blockquote>
<p>This command tells <a name="INDEX-7"/><em class="emphasis">lpr</em> to retrieve the
name of the printer in the system configuration file
(<em class="filename">/etc/printcap</em>) and interpret the rules it finds
there to decide how to process the data and which physical device to
send it to. Note that because the <em class="emphasis">-r</em> option has
been specified, the file will be deleted after it has been printed.
Of course, the file removed is just a copy stored on the Samba
server; the original document on the client is unaffected.</p>
<p>The process is similar on System V Unix. Here, printing and deleting
become a compound command:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">lp -d<em class="replaceable">printer</em> -s <em class="replaceable">file</em>; rm <em class="replaceable">file</em></pre></blockquote>
<p>In this case, the <em class="filename">/etc/printcap</em> file is replaced
with a different set of configuration files residing in
<em class="filename">/usr/spool/lp</em>. Because the
<em class="emphasis">lp</em> command has no option to delete the file
after it is printed, we have added the <em class="emphasis">rm</em>
command.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-1.2"/>
<h3 class="head2">A Minimal Printing Setup</h3>
<p>Let's start with a simple yet illustrative
<a name="INDEX-8"/>printing
share. Assuming that you're on a Linux system and
you have a printer called <tt class="literal">netprinter</tt> listed in the
printer capabilities file, the following addition to your
<em class="filename">smb.conf</em> file makes the printer accessible
through the network:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">[printer1]
printable = yes
print command = /usr/bin/lpr -P%p -r %s
printer = netprinter
printing = BSD
path = /var/tmp</pre></blockquote>
<p>The variable <tt class="literal">%s</tt> in the
<tt class="literal">print</tt><a name="INDEX-9"/> <tt class="literal">command</tt>
option is replaced with the name of the file to be printed when Samba
executes the command. There are four Samba configuration-file
variables specifically for use with
<a name="INDEX-10"/>printing
options. They are shown in <a href="ch10.html#samba2-CHP-10-TABLE-1">Table 10-1</a>.</p>
<a name="samba2-CHP-10-TABLE-1"/><h4 class="head4">Table 10-1. Printing variables</h4><table border="1">
<tr>
<th>
<p>Variable</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>Definition</p>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">%s</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The full pathname of the file on the Samba server to be printed</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">%f</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The name of the file itself (without the preceding path) on the Samba
server to be printed</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">%p</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The name of the Unix printer to use</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">%j</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>The number of the print job (for use with <tt class="literal">lprm</tt>,
<tt class="literal">lppause</tt>, and <tt class="literal">lpresume</tt>)</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>For other flavors of Unix, it is necessary to modify both the
<tt class="literal">printing</tt> and <tt class="literal">print</tt>
<tt class="literal">command</tt> options. For System V Unix, we would
specify:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">[printer1]
printing = SYSV
print command = lp -d%p -s %s; rm %s</pre></blockquote>
<p>With the <tt class="literal">printing</tt> <tt class="literal">=</tt>
<tt class="literal">SYSV</tt> parameter, we notify Samba that the local
printing system uses the System V Unix method. As mentioned earlier,
the <tt class="literal">%p</tt> variable resolves to the name of the
printer, while the <tt class="literal">%s</tt> variable resolves to the
name of the file.</p>
<p>Clients might need to request the status of a print job sent to the
Samba server. Because Samba sends print jobs to the Unix printing
system for spooling, there might be a number of jobs in the queue at
any given time. Consequently, Samba needs to communicate to the
client not only the status of the current printing job, but also
which documents are waiting to be printed on that printer. Samba also
has to provide the client the ability to pause print jobs, resume
print jobs, and remove print jobs from the printing queue. Samba
provides options for each of these tasks. As you might expect, they
borrow functionality from the following existing Unix commands:</p>
<ul><li>
<p><tt class="literal">lpq</tt><a name="INDEX-11"/></p>
</li><li>
<p><tt class="literal">lprm</tt><a name="INDEX-12"/></p>
</li><li>
<p><tt class="literal">lppause</tt><a name="INDEX-13"/></p>
</li><li>
<p><tt class="literal">lpresume</tt><a name="INDEX-14"/></p>
</li></ul>
<p>We cover these options in more detail later in this chapter. For the
most part, Samba provides reasonable default values for them based on
the value of the <tt class="literal">printing</tt> configuration option, so
you can probably get by without having to formulate your own commands
for them.</p>
<p>Here are a few important items to remember about
<a name="INDEX-15"/>printing shares:</p>
<ul><li>
<p>You must put
<tt class="literal">printable</tt><a name="INDEX-16"/> <tt class="literal">=</tt>
<tt class="literal">yes</tt> in all printer shares (even
<tt class="literal">[printers]</tt>) so that Samba knows they are printer
shares. If you forget, the shares will be unusable for printing and
will instead be treated as disk shares.</p>
</li><li>
<p>If you set the <tt class="literal">path</tt> configuration option in the
printer section, any files sent to the printer(s) will be copied to
the directory you specify instead of to the default location of
<em class="filename">/tmp</em>. Because the amount of disk space allocated
to <em class="filename">/tmp</em> can be relatively small in some Unix
operating systems, many administrators prefer to use
<em class="filename">/var/tmp, /var/spool/tmp</em>, or some other
directory instead.</p>
</li><li>
<p>If you set <tt class="literal">guest</tt> <tt class="literal">ok</tt>
<tt class="literal">=</tt> <tt class="literal">yes</tt> in a printer share and
Samba is configured for share-level security, anyone can send data to
the printer as the <tt class="literal">guest</tt>
<tt class="literal">account</tt> user.</p>
</li></ul>
<p>Using one or more Samba machines as a print server gives you a great
deal of flexibility on your LAN. You can easily partition your
available printers, restricting some to members of one department, or
you can maintain a bank of printers available to all. In addition,
you can restrict a printer to a select few by adding the
<tt class="literal">valid</tt> <tt class="literal">users</tt> option to its share
definition:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">[deskjet]
printable = yes
path = /var/spool/samba/print
valid users = elizabeth cozy jack heather alexander lina emerald</pre></blockquote>
<p>All the other share accessibility options work for printing shares as
well.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-1.3"/>
<h3 class="head2">The [printers] Share</h3>
<p>If a share named
<tt class="literal">[printers]</tt><a name="INDEX-17"/> is in the configuration file,
Samba will automatically read in your printer capabilities file and
create a printing share for each printer that appears in the file.
For example, if the Samba server had <tt class="literal">lp</tt>,
<tt class="literal">pcl</tt>, and <tt class="literal">ps</tt> printers in its
printer capabilities file, Samba would provide three printer shares
with those names, each configured with the options in the
<tt class="literal">[printers]</tt> share.</p>
<p>Recall that Samba obeys the following rules when a client requests a
share that has not been created with an explicit share definition in
the <em class="filename">smb.conf</em> file:</p>
<ul><li>
<p>If the share name matches a username in the system password file and
a <tt class="literal">[homes]</tt> share exists, a new share is created
with the name of the user and is initialized using the values given
in the <tt class="literal">[homes]</tt> and <tt class="literal">[global]</tt>
sections.</p>
</li><li>
<p>Otherwise, if the name matches a printer in the system printer
capabilities file and a <tt class="literal">[printers]</tt> share exists, a
new share is created with the name of the printer and initialized
using the values given in the <tt class="literal">[printers]</tt> section.
(Variables in the <tt class="literal">[global]</tt> section do not apply
here.)</p>
</li><li>
<p>If neither of those succeeds, Samba looks for a
<tt class="literal">default</tt> <tt class="literal">service</tt> share. If none
is found, it returns an error.</p>
</li></ul>
<p>This brings to light an important point: be careful that you do not
give a printer the same name as a user. Otherwise, users end up
connecting to a disk share when they might have wanted a printer
share instead.</p>
<p>Here is an example
<tt class="literal">[printers]</tt><a name="INDEX-18"/> share for a Linux system. Some of
these options are already defaults; however, we have listed them
anyway for illustrative purposes:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">[printers]
printable = yes
printing = BSD
printcap name = /etc/printcap
print command = /usr/bin/lpr -P%p -r %s
path = /var/spool/lpd/tmp
min print space = 2000</pre></blockquote>
<p>Here, we've given Samba global options that specify
the printing type (BSD), a print command to send data to the printer
and later remove the temporary file, the location of our printer
capabilities file, and a minimum disk space for printing of 2MB.</p>
<p>In addition, we've created a
<tt class="literal">[printers]</tt> share for each system printer. Our
temporary spooling directory is specified by the
<tt class="literal">path</tt> option:
<em class="filename">/var/spool/lpd/tmp</em>. Each share is marked as
printable—this is a necessary option, even in the
<tt class="literal">[printers]</tt> section.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-1.4"/>
<h3 class="head2">Testing the Configuration</h3>
<p><a name="INDEX-19"/>After running
<em class="emphasis">testparm</em> and restarting the Samba daemons, you
can check to make sure everything is set up correctly by using
<em class="emphasis">smbclient</em><a name="INDEX-20"/><a name="INDEX-21"/> to send a file to the printer.
Connect to the printer using the command:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>smbclient /</b></tt><em class="replaceable">server</em><tt class="userinput"><b>/</b></tt><em class="replaceable">printshare</em></pre></blockquote>
<p>and then use the <em class="emphasis">print</em> command to print a file:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">smb: /> <tt class="userinput"><b>print </b></tt><em class="replaceable">textfile</em></pre></blockquote>
<a name="samba2-CHP-10-NOTE-151"/><blockquote class="note"><h4 class="objtitle">TIP</h4>
<p>If you connect to a print share served by a Windows 95/98/Me system
configured to use user-mode security and cannot authenticate using
what you know to be a correct username and password, try
reconfiguring the Windows system to use share-mode security.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>When you print something through the Samba server via
<em class="emphasis">smbclient</em>, the following actions should occur:</p>
<ul><li>
<p>The job appears (briefly) in the Samba spool directory specified by
the path.</p>
</li><li>
<p>The job shows up in your print system's spool
directory.</p>
</li><li>
<p>The job disappears from the spool directory that Samba used.</p>
</li></ul>
<p>If <em class="emphasis">smbclient</em> cannot print, you can reset the
<tt class="literal">print</tt> <tt class="literal">command</tt> option to collect
debugging information:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">print command = echo "printed %s on %p" >>/tmp/printlog</pre></blockquote>
<p>A <a name="INDEX-22"/>common
problem with Samba printer configuration is forgetting to use the
full pathnames for commands. Another frequent problem is not having
the correct permissions on the spooling directory.<a name="FNPTR-1"/><a href="#FOOTNOTE-1">[1]</a> As usual,
check your Samba log files and system log files for error messages.
If you use BSD printing, you can change the <tt class="literal">lp</tt>
keyword in the printer's printcap entry to something
other than <em class="filename">/dev/null</em>, allowing you to collect
error messages from the printing system.</p>
<a name="samba2-CHP-10-NOTE-152"/><blockquote class="note"><h4 class="objtitle">TIP</h4>
<p>More information on
<a name="INDEX-23"/>debugging printers is in the file
<em class="filename">docs/textdocs/Printing.txt</em> in the Samba source
distribution. The Unix print systems are covered in detail in
<a name="INDEX-24"/>Æleen
Frisch's <em class="emphasis">Essential Systems
Administration</em> (published by O'Reilly).</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-1.5"/>
<h3 class="head2">Enabling SMB Printer Sharing in Mac OS X</h3>
<p>With Samba preinstalled with
<a name="INDEX-25"/><a name="INDEX-26"/>Mac OS X, sharing access to a printer
among Windows clients is easy. First, of course, you should set up
local access using the Print Center application (located in
<em class="filename">/Applications/Utilities</em>). Under the Printers
menu, select Add Printer..., and make the appropriate selection from
the pop-up menu. For example, if the printer is directly attached,
select USB; if the printer is powered on, it should appear in the
list. Choose the printer, and press the Add button.</p>
<p>Edit <em class="filename">/etc/smb.conf</em>, uncommenting the
<tt class="literal">[printers]</tt> share and making any additional
configuration changes you feel are necessary. Finally, enable the
Samba startup item as described in <a href="ch02.html">Chapter 2</a>,
either by checking Windows File Sharing in Sharing Preferences or by
manually editing <em class="filename">/etc/hostconfig</em>. Now your
printer can be used by remote Windows clients.</p>
<p>On Mac OS X and some other BSD-based systems, you can test your
configuration using
<em class="emphasis">smbutil</em><a name="INDEX-27"/>. The following will send the
file named <em class="filename">print_test_file</em> to the printer named
<em class="filename">printshare</em> on the server
<em class="emphasis">bsdserver</em> :</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">% <tt class="userinput"><b>smbutil print //bsdserver/printshare print_test_file</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
<p>See <a href="ch05.html">Chapter 5</a> for more information on using
<em class="emphasis">smbutil</em>.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-1.6"/>
<h3 class="head2">Setting Up and Testing a Windows Client</h3>
<p><a name="INDEX-28"/>Now that Samba is
offering a workable printer, you can set up your access to it on a
Windows client. Browse through the Samba server in the Network
Neighborhood. It should now show each printer that is available. For
example, in <a href="ch10.html#samba2-CHP-10-FIG-1">Figure 10-1</a>, we saw a printer called
<tt class="literal">lp</tt>.</p>
<p>Next, you need to have the Windows client recognize the printer.
Double-click the printer icon to get started. If you try to select an
uninstalled printer (as you just did), Windows will ask you if it
should help configure it for the Windows system. Click the Yes or OK
button, and the Printer Wizard will open.</p>
<p>If you are installing a printer on Windows 95/98/Me, the first thing
the wizard will ask is whether you need to print from DOS.
Let's assume you don't, so choose
the "No" radio button and press the
Next > button to get to the manufacturer/model window, as shown in
<a href="ch10.html#samba2-CHP-10-FIG-2">Figure 10-2</a>.</p>
<div class="figure"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-FIG-2"/><img src="figs/sam2_1002.gif"/></div><h4 class="head4">Figure 10-2. Setting the manufacturer and model of the printer</h4>
<p>In this dialog box, you should see a large list of manufacturers and
models for a huge number of printers. Select the manufacturer of your
printer in the left side of the dialog box, and then the exact model
of the printer in the list on the right side.</p>
<p>In some cases, you might not find your printer in the list, or the
version of the printer driver included with Windows might be out of
date. In cases such as these, consult the printer
manufacturer's documentation on how to install the
driver. Typically, you will click the Have Disk... button to install
the driver from a CD-ROM or disk file.</p>
<p>If you don't see your printer on the list, but you
know it's a PostScript printer, select Apple as the
manufacturer and Apple LaserWriter as the model. This will give you
the most basic PostScript printer setup—and arguably one of the
most reliable. If you already have PostScript printers attached, you
will be asked about replacing or reusing the existing driver. Be
aware that if you replace it with a new one, you might make your
other printers fail. Therefore, we recommend you keep using your
existing printer drivers as long as they're working
properly.</p>
<p>Click the Next > or OK button. On Windows 95/98/Me, the Printer
Wizard asks you to name the printer. On Windows NT/2000/XP, you need
to right-click the printer's icon and select
Properties to assign the printer a name. <a href="ch10.html#samba2-CHP-10-FIG-3">Figure 10-3</a>
shows how we've named our printer to show that
it's shared by the <tt class="literal">mixtec</tt> Samba
server.</p>
<div class="figure"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-FIG-3"/><img src="figs/sam2_1003.gif"/></div><h4 class="head4">Figure 10-3. Setting the printer name</h4>
<p>Finally, on Windows 95/98/Me the Printing Wizard asks if it should
print a test page. Click the "Yes"
radio button, then the Finish button, and you should be presented
with the dialog box shown in <a href="ch10.html#samba2-CHP-10-FIG-4">Figure 10-4</a>. On Windows
NT/2000/XP, the printer test function is also accessed through the
printer's Properties dialog box.</p>
<div class="figure"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-FIG-4"/><img src="figs/sam2_1004.gif"/></div><h4 class="head4">Figure 10-4. Sending a test page to the printer</h4>
<p>If the test printing was unsuccessful, click the No button and the
Printing Wizard will walk you through some debugging steps for the
client side of the process. If the test printing does work, the
remote printer will now be available to all Windows applications
through the File and Print menu items.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-2"/>
<h2 class="head1">Printing to Windows Printers</h2>
<p><a name="INDEX-29"/>If you have printers
connected to systems running Windows 95/98/Me or Windows NT/2000/XP,
the printers can also be accessed from your Unix system using tools
that are part of the Samba distribution. First, it is necessary to
create a printer share on the Windows system. Then set up the printer
on the Unix side by configuring a new printer and using a Samba
printing program as the printer's filter.</p>
<div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-2.1"/>
<h3 class="head2">Sharing Windows Printers</h3>
<p>Sharing printers on Windows is not unlike sharing files. In fact, it
is a little simpler. Open the Control Panel, then double-click the
Printers icon to open the Printers window. Right-click the icon for
the printer you want to share, and select Sharing.... This opens the
dialog box shown in <a href="ch10.html#samba2-CHP-10-FIG-5">Figure 10-5</a> for a Windows 98
system, or <a href="ch10.html#samba2-CHP-10-FIG-6">Figure 10-6</a> on a Windows 2000 system.
(The dialog box appears slightly different on other Windows versions,
but functions almost identically.)</p>
<a name="samba2-CHP-10-NOTE-153"/><blockquote class="note"><h4 class="objtitle">TIP</h4>
<p>On Windows 95/98/Me systems, you may need to run file sharing in
share-level (rather than user-level) access control mode to access a
shared printer from Samba. To check or set this mode, go to Control
Panel, then double-click on Network, then click on the Access Control
tab. More detailed information on this can be found in <a href="ch05.html">Chapter 5</a>.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="figure"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-FIG-5"/><img src="figs/sam2_1005.gif"/></div><h4 class="head4">Figure 10-5. Sharing printers on Windows 98</h4>
<div class="figure"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-FIG-6"/><img src="figs/sam2_1006.gif"/></div><h4 class="head4">Figure 10-6. Sharing printers on Windows 2000</h4>
<p>Click the "Shared as" radio button,
then click the OK button. The printer is now accessible by other
systems on the network.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-2.2"/>
<h3 class="head2">Adding a Unix Printer</h3>
<p><a name="INDEX-30"/>The Samba distribution comes with
three programs that assist with printing on shared printers. The
<em class="emphasis">smbprint</em><a name="INDEX-31"/> program works with systems that use the
BSD printing system,
<em class="emphasis">smbprint.sysv</em><a name="INDEX-32"/>
works with systems that use System V printing, and
<em class="emphasis">smbspool</em><a name="INDEX-33"/>
works with systems that use the Common Unix Printing System (CUPS).
In the following sections we show you how to install printers for
each system.</p>
<div class="sect3"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-2.2.1"/>
<h3 class="head3">BSD printers</h3>
<p><a name="INDEX-34"/><a name="INDEX-35"/>The
BSD printing system is used by many Unix variants, including Red Hat
Linux. With BSD printing, all the printers on the system have an
entry in the <em class="filename">/etc/printcap</em> file, which is the
database of printer capabilities used by the <em class="emphasis">lpd</em>
line printer daemon and other programs that assist with printing. The
Red Hat Linux implementation is a bit different in that
<em class="filename">/etc/printcap</em> is a machine-generated file, which
is re-created every time the <em class="emphasis">lpd</em> daemon is
restarted by the <em class="emphasis">/etc/rc.d/init.d/lpd</em> script.
Instead of editing <em class="filename">/etc/printcap</em>, we will add an
entry for our printer in <em class="filename">/etc/printcap.local</em>,
which the system automatically includes verbatim when creating
<em class="filename">/etc/printcap</em>.</p>
<a name="samba2-CHP-10-NOTE-154"/><blockquote class="note"><h4 class="objtitle">TIP</h4>
<p>If you are using the version of Samba installed from an RPM file as
on Red Hat Linux, you might be able to skip these directions and use
the <em class="emphasis">printconf</em> tool, which has support for SMB
printers. Unfortunately, this tool might not work correctly if you
have installed Samba from the Samba source distribution.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Here is the entry we added to our
<em class="filename">/etc/printcap.local</em><a name="INDEX-36"/><a name="INDEX-37"/> file to support our Hewlett-Packard
DeskJet 932C printer, which is shared by <tt class="literal">maya</tt>, a
Windows 98 system:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">lp|maya-hp932c:\
:cm=HP 932C on maya:\
:sd=/var/spool/lpd/maya:\
:af=/var/spool/lpd/maya/acct:\
:if=/usr/local/samba/bin/smbprint:\
:mx=0:\
:lp=/dev/null:</pre></blockquote>
<p>The first line creates names for the printer. We are calling it both
<tt class="literal">maya-hp932c</tt>, to describe its location on the
network and the type of printer, and <tt class="literal">lp</tt> so that
programs will use it as the default printer. The rest of the lines
specify keywords and values. The <tt class="literal">cm</tt> keyword allows
us to assign a comment string to the printer. The
<tt class="literal">sd</tt> and <tt class="literal">af</tt> keywords assign the
printer's spool directory and accounting files,
respectively. The <tt class="literal">if</tt> keyword assigns the print
filter. We are using the <em class="emphasis">smbprint</em> command to
send the output to the shared SMB printer. The <tt class="literal">mx</tt>
keyword is set to zero to allow any size file to be printed, and
<tt class="literal">lp</tt> is set to <em class="filename">/dev/null</em> to
discard error messages.</p>
<p>You can follow our model to create an entry for your own printer. If
you want to go beyond the capabilities we used, refer to your
system's <em class="emphasis">printcap(5)</em> manual
page for a complete listing of keywords.</p>
<p>Go to your Samba source distribution's root
directory, and install the <em class="emphasis">smbprint</em> program like
this:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>cp examples/printing/smbprint /usr/local/samba/bin</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
<p>We next create the printer's spool directory:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>cd /var/spool/lpd</b></tt>
# <tt class="userinput"><b>mkdir maya</b></tt>
# <tt class="userinput"><b>chown lp:lp maya</b></tt>
# <tt class="userinput"><b>chmod 700 maya</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
<p>The <em class="emphasis">smbprint</em> program looks for a file named
<em class="filename">.config</em> in the printer's spool
directory, which contains information on how to connect to the
printer share. We create this file and then fill in the required
information:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>cd maya</b></tt>
# <tt class="userinput"><b>>.config</b></tt>
# <tt class="userinput"><b>chown lp:lp .config</b></tt>
# <tt class="userinput"><b>chmod 600 .config</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
<p>Use your preferred text editor to edit the
<em class="filename">.config</em> file, and enter three lines, like this:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">server=maya
service=hp
password=""</pre></blockquote>
<p>This is for our shared printer having a UNC of
<em class="filename">\\maya\hp</em>. When we created the printer share, we
did not give it a password, so we use a null password here. If your
printer share is on a Windows NT/2000/XP system, use your domain
password.</p>
<p>Finally, restart the printer daemon:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>/etc/rc.d/init.d/lpd restart</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
<p>You can now try printing something. Run the following command:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">$ <tt class="userinput"><b>lpr textfile</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
<p>If you have everything set up correctly, the file prints on the
shared printer. If you get "stair
stepping" of text, caused by the printer not
returning to the left margin at the beginning of every line, modify
the <tt class="literal">if</tt> keyword in your printcap entry to run
<em class="emphasis">smbprint</em> with the <em class="emphasis">-t</em>
option. <a name="INDEX-38"/><a name="INDEX-39"/></p>
</div>
<div class="sect3"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-2.2.2"/>
<h3 class="head3">System V printers</h3>
<p><a name="INDEX-40"/><a name="INDEX-41"/>Sending print jobs from a System V Unix
system is a little easier than with the BSD system. Here, you need to
edit the <em class="filename">smbprint.sysv</em> script in the
<em class="filename">examples/printing</em> directory of the Samba
distribution and do the following:</p>
<ol><li>
<p>Change the <tt class="literal">server</tt>, <tt class="literal">service</tt>, and
<tt class="literal">password</tt> parameters in the script to match the
NetBIOS computer name, its shared printer service, and its password,
respectively. For example, the following entries would be correct for
the service in the previous example:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">server = maya
service = hp
password = ""</pre></blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<p>Run the following commands, which create a reference for the new
printer (which we are naming <tt class="literal">hp_printer</tt>) in the
printer capabilities file:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>lpadmin -p hp_printer -v /dev/null -i./smbprint.sysv</b></tt>
# <tt class="userinput"><b>enable hp_printer</b></tt>
# <tt class="userinput"><b>accept hp_printer</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
</li></ol>
<p>After you've done that, restart the Samba daemons
and try printing to <tt class="literal">hp_printer</tt> using any standard
Unix program.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect3"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-2.2.3"/>
<h3 class="head3">CUPS printers</h3>
<p><a name="INDEX-42"/><a name="INDEX-43"/><a name="INDEX-44"/>CUPS<a name="FNPTR-2"/><a href="#FOOTNOTE-2">[2]</a> uses
a set of modules, called
<em class="firstterm">backends</em><a name="INDEX-45"/>, to send print jobs to various
destinations, such as local printers attached to parallel, serial, or
Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports, or over the network using Unix line
printer daemon (LPD) protocol, Internet Printing Protocol (IPP),
AppleTalk Printer Access Protocol (PAP), and so on. The software
package does not come with a backend for SMB; the Samba suite
includes the <em class="emphasis">smbspool</em>
<a name="INDEX-46"/>utility for this purpose.</p>
<p>To enable printing to remote SMB printers using CUPS, create a
symbolic link named <em class="filename">smb</em> in the CUPS backend
directory pointing to <em class="emphasis">smbspool</em>. Depending on
installation options, these could be in a number of places in the
directory hierarchy, so be sure to check your system. Using a common
default installation, the command would look like this:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>ln -s /usr/local/samba/bin/smbspool /usr/lib/cups/backend/smb</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
<p>Issue a HUP signal to the CUPS daemon, <em class="emphasis">cupsd</em>,
and check for the existence of SMB support with the <em class="emphasis">lpinfo
-v</em> command. Its output should now include a line that says
<tt class="literal">network</tt> <tt class="literal">smb</tt>.</p>
<p>To add a printer, use the CUPS web interface, accessible on the local
system at <em class="emphasis">http://localhost:631/</em>,
or use the <em class="emphasis">lpadmin</em> command:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code"># <tt class="userinput"><b>lpadmin -p hp932c -E -v smb://maya/hp932c -D "HP 932C on maya"</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
<p>This creates and enables the new print spool called
<tt class="literal">hp932c</tt>. The <em class="emphasis">-v</em> argument
specifies the printer device, which in this case is accessed over the
network using an SMB URI. If the printer is not guest-accessible,
you'll need to provide a username and password in
the URI. The full format is as follows:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">smb://[<em class="replaceable">username</em>[:<em class="replaceable">password</em>]@][<em class="replaceable">workgroup</em>/]<em class="replaceable">server</em>/<em class="replaceable">printshare</em></pre></blockquote>
<p>The <em class="emphasis">lpadmin</em><a name="INDEX-47"/> command makes changes to
<em class="filename">/etc/cups/printers.conf</em> and sends a HUP signal
to the <em class="emphasis">cupsd</em> daemon, resulting in the creation
of a local raw printer spool. In this example, print data is passed
in raw format to the Windows system, which has the necessary printer
drivers and printer description files to format the data
appropriately. The <em class="emphasis">-D</em> option is used to give the
printer a comment string.</p>
<p>Once you have the printer set up, it's time to test
it out. CUPS understands both BSD-style and System V-style printing
commands, so you can use whichever is more comfortable. Using the BSD
<em class="emphasis">lpr</em> command, try something like:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">$ <tt class="userinput"><b>lpr -P hp932c textfile</b></tt></pre></blockquote>
<p>You should now be set up to use the printer from any application on
the Unix system. <a name="INDEX-48"/></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-2.3"/>
<h3 class="head2">Samba Printing Options</h3>
<p><a href="ch10.html#samba2-CHP-10-TABLE-2">Table 10-2</a> summarizes the Samba <a name="INDEX-49"/><a name="INDEX-50"/>printing
options.</p>
<a name="samba2-CHP-10-TABLE-2"/><h4 class="head4">Table 10-2. Printing configuration options</h4><table border="1">
<tr>
<th>
<p>Option</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>Parameters</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>Function</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>Default</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>Scope</p>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">printing</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">bsd</tt>, <tt class="literal">sysv</tt>,
<tt class="literal">cups</tt>, <tt class="literal">hpux</tt>,
<tt class="literal">aix</tt>, <tt class="literal">qnx</tt>,
<tt class="literal">plp</tt>, <tt class="literal">softq</tt>, or
<tt class="literal">lprng</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Printing system type of the Samba host</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>System-dependent</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Share</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">printable</tt> <tt class="literal">(print ok)</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>boolean</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Marks a share as a printing share</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">no</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Share</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">printer</tt> <tt class="literal">(printer name)</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>string (Unix printer name)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Name for the printer that is shown to clients</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>System-dependent</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Share</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lpq cache time</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>numeric (time in seconds)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Amount of time in seconds that Samba will cache the printer queue
status</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">10</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Global</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">postscript</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>boolean</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Treats all print jobs as PostScript by prefixing
<tt class="literal">%!</tt> at the beginning of each file</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">no</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Share</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">load printers</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>boolean</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>If <tt class="literal">yes</tt>, automatically loads each printer in the
<em class="emphasis">printcap</em> file as printing shares</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">yes</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Global</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">print command</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>string (shell command)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Unix command to perform printing</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>See below</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Share</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lpq command</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>string (shell command)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Unix command to return the status of the printing queue</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>See below</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Share</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lprm command</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>string (shell command)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Unix command to remove a job from the printing queue</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>See below</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Share</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lppause command</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>string (shell command)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Unix command to pause a job on the printing queue</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>See below</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Share</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lpresume</tt> <tt class="literal">command</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>string (shell command)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Unix command to resume a paused job on the printing queue</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>See below</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Share</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">printcap name</tt></p>
<p><tt class="literal">(printcap)</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>string (filename)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Location of the printer capabilities file</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>System-dependent</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Global</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">min print space</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>numeric (size in kilobytes)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Minimum amount of free disk space that must be present to print</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">0</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Share</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">queuepause</tt> <tt class="literal">command</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>string (shell command)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Unix command to pause a queue</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>See below</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Share</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">queueresume</tt> <tt class="literal">command</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>string (shell command)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Unix command to resume a queue</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>See below</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Share</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div class="sect3"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-2.3.1"/>
<h3 class="head3">printing</h3>
<p>The <tt class="literal">printing</tt><a name="INDEX-51"/> configuration option tells
Samba which <a name="INDEX-52"/>printing system to use. There are
several different families of commands to control printing and print
statusing. Samba supports seven different types, as shown in <a href="ch10.html#samba2-CHP-10-TABLE-3">Table 10-3</a>.</p>
<a name="samba2-CHP-10-TABLE-3"/><h4 class="head4">Table 10-3. Printing system types</h4><table border="1">
<tr>
<th>
<p>Variable</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>Definition</p>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>BSD</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Berkeley Unix system</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>SYSV</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>System V</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>CUPS</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Common Unix Printing System</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>AIX</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>IBM's AIX operating system</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>HPUX</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Hewlett-Packard Unix</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>QNX</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>QNX Realtime Operating System</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>LPRNG</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>LPR Next Generation</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>SOFTQ</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>SOFTQ system</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>PLP</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Portable Line Printer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>The value for this option must be one of these seven selections. For
example:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">printing = SYSV</pre></blockquote>
<p>The default value of this option is system-dependent and is
configured when Samba is first compiled. For most systems, the
<em class="filename">configure</em> script automatically detects the
printing system to be used and configures it properly in the Samba
makefile. However, if your system is a PLP, LPRNG, or QNX printing
system, you need to specify this explicitly in the makefile or the
printing share.</p>
<p>The most common system types are BSD, SYSV, and CUPS. Each printer on
a BSD Unix server is described in the printer capabilities
file—normally <em class="filename">/etc/printcap</em>. See the
section on the <tt class="literal">printcap</tt> <tt class="literal">file</tt>
parameter for more information on this topic.</p>
<p>Setting the <tt class="literal">printing</tt> configuration option
automatically sets at least three other printing options for the
service in question: <tt class="literal">print</tt>
<tt class="literal">command</tt>, <tt class="literal">lpq</tt>
<tt class="literal">command</tt>, and <tt class="literal">lprm</tt>
<tt class="literal">command</tt>. If you are running Samba on a system that
doesn't support any of the printing styles listed in
<a href="ch10.html#samba2-CHP-10-TABLE-3">Table 10-3</a>, simply set the commands for each of
these manually.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect3"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-2.3.2"/>
<h3 class="head3">printable</h3>
<p>The <tt class="literal">printable</tt><a name="INDEX-53"/> option must be set to
<tt class="literal">yes</tt> to flag a share as a printing service. If this
option is not set, the share will be treated as a disk share instead.
You can set the option as follows:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">[printer1]
printable = yes</pre></blockquote>
</div>
<div class="sect3"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-2.3.3"/>
<a name="INDEX-54"/><h3 class="head3">printer</h3>
<p>The option, also called
<tt class="literal">printer</tt><a name="INDEX-55"/> <tt class="literal">name</tt>,
specifies the name of the printer on the server to which the share
points. This option has no default and should be set explicitly in
the configuration file, even though Unix systems themselves often
recognize a default name such as <tt class="literal">lp</tt> for a printer.
For example:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">[deskjet]
printer = hpdkjet1</pre></blockquote>
</div>
<div class="sect3"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-2.3.4"/>
<h3 class="head3">lpq cache time</h3>
<p>The global <tt class="literal">lpq</tt><a name="INDEX-56"/> <tt class="literal">cache</tt>
<tt class="literal">time</tt> option allows you to set the number of
seconds for which Samba will remember the current printer status.
After this time elapses, Samba will issue an <em class="emphasis">lpq</em>
command (or whatever command you specify with the
<tt class="literal">lpq</tt> <tt class="literal">command</tt> option) to get a
more up-to-date status that it can report to users. This defaults to
10 seconds, but can be increased if your <tt class="literal">lpq</tt>
<tt class="literal">command</tt> takes an unusually long time to run or you
have lots of clients. A time setting of 0 disables caching of queue
status. The following example resets the time to 30 seconds:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">[deskjet]
lpq cache time = 30</pre></blockquote>
</div>
<div class="sect3"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-2.3.5"/>
<h3 class="head3">postscript</h3>
<p>The <tt class="literal">postscript</tt><a name="INDEX-57"/> option forces the
printer to treat all data sent to it as PostScript. It does this by
prefixing the characters <tt class="literal">%!</tt> to the beginning of
the first line of each job. It is normally used with PCs that insert
a <tt class="literal">^D</tt> (control-D or
"end-of-file" mark) in front of the
first line of a PostScript file. It will not, obviously, turn a
non-PostScript printer into a PostScript one. The default value of
this options is <tt class="literal">no</tt>. You can override it as
follows:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">[deskjet]
postscript = yes</pre></blockquote>
</div>
<div class="sect3"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-2.3.6"/>
<h3 class="head3">load printers</h3>
<p>The <tt class="literal">load</tt><a name="INDEX-58"/> <tt class="literal">printers</tt>
option tells Samba to create shares for all known printer names and
load those shares into the browse list. Samba will create and list a
printer share for each printer name in
<em class="filename">/etc/printcap</em> (or the system equivalent). For
example, if your
<em class="filename">printcap</em><a name="INDEX-59"/> file looks
like this:<a name="FNPTR-3"/><a href="#FOOTNOTE-3">[3]</a></p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">lp:\
:sd=/var/spool/lpd/lp:\ <i class="lineannotation">spool directory</i>
:mx#0:\ <i class="lineannotation">maximum file size (none)</i>
:sh:\ <i class="lineannotation">supress burst header (no)</i>
:lp=/dev/lp1:\ <i class="lineannotation">device name for output</i>
:if=/var/spool/lpd/lp/filter: <i class="lineannotation">text filter</i>
laser:\
:sd=/var/spool/lpd/laser:\ <i class="lineannotation">spool directory</i>
:mx#0:\ <i class="lineannotation">maximum file size (none)</i>
:sh:\ <i class="lineannotation">supress burst header (no)</i>
:lp=/dev/laser:\ <i class="lineannotation">device name for output</i>
:if=/var/spool/lpd/lp/filter: <i class="lineannotation">text filter</i></pre></blockquote>
<p>the shares <tt class="literal">[lp]</tt> and <tt class="literal">[laser]</tt> are
automatically created as valid print shares when Samba is started.
Both shares borrow the configuration options specified in the
<tt class="literal">[printers]</tt> section to configure themselves and are
available in the browse list for the Samba server. The default value
for this option is <tt class="literal">yes</tt>. If you prefer to specify
each printer explicitly in your configuration file, use the
following:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">[global]
load printers = no</pre></blockquote>
</div>
<div class="sect3"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-2.3.7"/>
<a name="INDEX-60"/><a name="INDEX-61"/><a name="INDEX-62"/><a name="INDEX-63"/><a name="INDEX-64"/><h3 class="head3">print command, lpq command, lprm command,lppause command, lpresume command</h3>
<p>These options tell Samba which Unix commands control and send data to
the printer. The Unix commands involved are: <em class="emphasis">lpr</em>
(send to Line PRinter), <em class="emphasis">lpq</em> (List Printer
Queue), <em class="emphasis">lprm</em> (Line Printer ReMove), and
optionally <em class="emphasis">lppause</em> and
<em class="emphasis">lpresume</em>. Samba provides an option named after
each command, in case you need to override any of the system
defaults. For example, consider the following:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">lpq command = /usr/ucb/lpq %p</pre></blockquote>
<p>This would set <tt class="literal">lpq</tt> <tt class="literal">command</tt> to
use <em class="filename">/usr/ucb/lpq</em>. Similarly:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">lprm command = /usr/local/bin/lprm -P%p %j</pre></blockquote>
<p>would set the Samba printer remove command to
<em class="filename">/usr/local/bin/lprm</em> and provide it the print job
number using the <tt class="literal">%j</tt> variable.</p>
<p>The default values for each option are dependent on the value of the
<tt class="literal">printing</tt> option. <a href="ch10.html#samba2-CHP-10-TABLE-4">Table 10-4</a>
shows the default commands for each printing option. The most popular
printing system is BSD.</p>
<a name="samba2-CHP-10-TABLE-4"/><h4 class="head4">Table 10-4. Default commands for various printing options</h4><table border="1">
<tr>
<th>
<p>Option</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>BSD, AIX, PLP, LPRNG</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>SYSV, HPUX</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>QNX</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>SOFTQ</p>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">print</tt> <tt class="literal">command</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lpr -r -P%p %s</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lp -c -d%p %s; rm</tt> <tt class="literal">%s</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lp -r -P%p %s</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lp -d%p -s %s; rm %s</tt></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lpq</tt> <tt class="literal">command</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lpq -P%p</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lpstat -o%p</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lpq -P%p</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lpstat -o%p</tt></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lprm</tt> <tt class="literal">command</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lprm -P%p %j</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">cancel %p-%j</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">cancel %p-%j</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">cancel %p-%j</tt></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lppause</tt> <tt class="literal">command</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lp -i %p-%j -H</tt> <tt class="literal">hold</tt></p>
<p>(SYSV only)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>None</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>None</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>None</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lpresume</tt> <tt class="literal">command</tt></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">lp -i %p-%j -H</tt> <tt class="literal">resume</tt></p>
<p>(SYSV only)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>None</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>None</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><tt class="literal">qstat -s -j%j -r</tt></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>It is usually unnecessary to reset these options in Samba, with the
possible exception of the <tt class="literal">print</tt>
<tt class="literal">command</tt>. This option might need to be set
explicitly if your printing system doesn't have a
<em class="emphasis">-r</em> (remove after printing) option on the
printing command. For example:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">print command = /usr/local/lpr -P%p %s; /bin/rm %s</pre></blockquote>
<p>With a bit of judicious programming, these
<em class="filename">smb.conf</em> options can also be used for debugging:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">print command = cat %s >>/tmp/printlog; lpr -r -P%p %s</pre></blockquote>
<p>Using the previous configuration, it is possible to verify that files
are actually being delivered to the Samba server. If they are, their
contents will show up in the file <em class="filename">/tmp/printlog</em>.</p>
<p>After BSD, the next most popular kind of printing system is SYSV (or
System V) printing, plus some SYSV variants for
IBM's AIX and Hewlett-Packard's
HP-UX. These systems do not have an
<em class="filename">/etc/printcap</em> file. Instead, the
<tt class="literal">printcap</tt> <tt class="literal">file</tt> option can be set
to an appropriate <em class="emphasis">lpstat</em> command for the system.
This tells Samba to get a list of printers from the
<em class="emphasis">lpstat</em> command. Alternatively, you can set the
global configuration option <tt class="literal">printcap</tt>
<tt class="literal">name</tt> to the name of a dummy
<em class="filename">printcap</em> file you provide. In the latter case,
the file must contain a series of lines such as:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">lp|print1|My Printer 1
print2|My Printer 2
print3|My Printer 3</pre></blockquote>
<p>Each line names a printer followed by aliases for it. In this
example, the first printer is called <tt class="literal">lp</tt>,
<tt class="literal">print1</tt>, or <tt class="literal">My</tt>
<tt class="literal">Printer</tt> <tt class="literal">1</tt>, whichever the user
prefers to use. The first name is used in place of
<tt class="literal">%p</tt> in any command Samba executes for that printer.</p>
<p>Two additional printer types are also supported by Samba: LPRNG (LPR
New Generation) and PLP (Public Line Printer). These are public
domain and open source printing systems and are used by many sites to
overcome problems with vendor-supplied software. Samba also supports
the printing systems of the SOFTQ and QNX real-time operating
systems.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect3"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-2.3.8"/>
<h3 class="head3">printcap name</h3>
<p>If the <tt class="literal">printcap</tt><a name="INDEX-65"/><a name="INDEX-66"/>
<tt class="literal">name</tt> option (also called
<tt class="literal">printcap</tt>) appears in a printing share, Samba uses
the file specified as the system printer capabilities file (normally
<em class="filename">/etc/printcap</em>). However, you can reset it to a
file consisting of only the printers you want to share over the
network. The value must be the filename (with its complete path
specified) of a printer capabilities file on the server:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">[deskjet]
printcap name = /usr/local/samba/lib/printcap</pre></blockquote>
<p>The CUPS printing system uses its own method of determining printer
capabilities, rather than the standard <em class="filename">printcap</em>
file. In this case, set <tt class="literal">printcap</tt>
<tt class="literal">name</tt> as follows:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">[global]
printing = cups
printcap name = cups</pre></blockquote>
</div>
<div class="sect3"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-2.3.9"/>
<h3 class="head3">min print space</h3>
<p>The <tt class="literal">min</tt><a name="INDEX-67"/> <tt class="literal">print</tt>
<tt class="literal">space</tt> option sets the amount of space that must be
available on the disk that contains the spool directory if printing
is to be allowed. Setting it to zero (the default) turns the check
off; setting it to any other number sets the amount of free space in
kilobytes required. This option helps to avoid having print jobs fill
up the remaining disk space on the server, which can cause other
processes to fail:</p>
<blockquote><pre class="code">[deskjet]
min print space = 4000</pre></blockquote>
</div>
<div class="sect3"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-2.3.10"/>
<a name="INDEX-68"/><h3 class="head3">queuepause command</h3>
<p>This configuration option specifies a command that tells Samba how to
pause an entire print queue, as opposed to a single job on the queue.
The default value depends on the printing type chosen. You should not
need to alter this option.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect3"><a name="samba2-CHP-10-SECT-2.3.11"/>
<a name="INDEX-69"/><h3 class="head3">queueresume command</h3>
<p>This configuration option specifies a command that tells Samba how to
resume a paused print queue, as opposed to resuming a single job on
the print queue. The default value depends on the printing type
chosen. You should not need to alter this option. <a name="INDEX-70"/> <a name="INDEX-71"/> <a name="INDEX-72"/><a name="INDEX-73"/></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr/><h4 class="head4">Footnotes</h4><blockquote><a name="FOOTNOTE-1"/> <p><a href="#FNPTR-1">[1]</a> If
you are using Linux, you can use the <em class="emphasis">checkpc</em>
command to check for this type of error.</p> <a name="FOOTNOTE-2"/>
<p><a href="#FNPTR-2">[2]</a> CUPS is open source software (<a href="http://www.opensource.org">http://www.opensource.org</a>) developed by Easy
Software Products. For more information, visit <a href="http://www.cups.org">http://www.cups.org</a>.</p> <a name="FOOTNOTE-3"/> <p><a href="#FNPTR-3">[3]</a> We have placed annotated comments off to
the right in case you've never dealt with this file
before.</p> </blockquote><hr/><h4 class="head4"><a href="toc.html">TOC</a></h4></body></html>
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