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-.\" Copyright (c) 1998 Sendmail, Inc.  All rights reserved.
-.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1997 Eric P. Allman.  All rights reserved.
-.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1991, 1993
-.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" By using this file, you agree to the terms and conditions set
-.\" forth in the LICENSE file which can be found at the top level of
-.\" the sendmail distribution.
-.\"
-.\"
-.\"     @(#)sendmail.8	8.20 (Berkeley) 8/2/1998
-.\"
-.Dd August 2, 1998
-.Dt SENDMAIL 8
-.Os BSD 4
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm sendmail
-.Nd an electronic mail transport agent
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.Nm sendmail
-.Op Ar flags
-.Op Ar address ...
-.Nm newaliases
-.Nm mailq
-.Op Fl v
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Nm Sendmail
-sends a message to one or more
-.Em recipients ,
-routing the message over whatever networks
-are necessary.
-.Nm Sendmail
-does internetwork forwarding as necessary
-to deliver the message to the correct place.
-.Pp
-.Nm Sendmail
-is not intended as a user interface routine;
-other programs provide user-friendly
-front ends;
-.Nm sendmail
-is used only to deliver pre-formatted messages.
-.Pp
-With no flags,
-.Nm sendmail
-reads its standard input
-up to an end-of-file
-or a line consisting only of a single dot
-and sends a copy of the message found there
-to all of the addresses listed.
-It determines the network(s) to use
-based on the syntax and contents of the addresses.
-.Pp
-Local addresses are looked up in a file
-and aliased appropriately.
-Aliasing can be prevented by preceding the address
-with a backslash.
-Normally the sender is not included in any alias
-expansions, e.g.,
-if `john' sends to `group',
-and `group' includes `john' in the expansion,
-then the letter will not be delivered to `john'.
-.Ss Parameters
-.Bl -tag -width Fl
-.It Fl B Ns Ar type
-Set the body type to
-.Ar type .
-Current legal values
-.Li 7BIT
-or
-.Li 8BITMIME .
-.It Fl ba
-Go into
-.Tn ARPANET
-mode.
-All input lines must end with a CR-LF,
-and all messages will be generated with a CR-LF at the end.
-Also,
-the ``From:'' and ``Sender:''
-fields are examined for the name of the sender.
-.It Fl bd
-Run as a daemon.  This requires Berkeley
-.Tn IPC .
-.Nm Sendmail
-will fork and run in background
-listening on socket 25 for incoming
-.Tn SMTP
-connections.
-This is normally run from
-.Pa /etc/rc .
-.It Fl bD
-Same as
-.Fl bd
-except runs in foreground.
-.It Fl bh
-Print the persistent host status database.
-.It Fl bH
-Purge the persistent host status database.
-.It Fl bi
-Initialize the alias database.
-.It Fl bm
-Deliver mail in the usual way (default).
-.It Fl bp
-Print a listing of the queue.
-.It Fl bs
-Use the
-.Tn SMTP
-protocol as described in
-.Tn RFC821
-on standard input and output.
-This flag implies all the operations of the
-.Fl ba
-flag that are compatible with
-.Tn SMTP .
-.It Fl bt
-Run in address test mode.
-This mode reads addresses and shows the steps in parsing;
-it is used for debugging configuration tables.
-.It Fl bv
-Verify names only \- do not try to collect or deliver a message.
-Verify mode is normally used for validating
-users or mailing lists.
-.It Fl C Ns Ar file
-Use alternate configuration file.
-.Nm Sendmail
-refuses to run as root if an alternate configuration file is specified.
-.It Fl d Ns Ar X
-Set debugging value to
-.Ar X .
-.ne 1i
-.It Fl F Ns Ar fullname
-Set the full name of the sender.
-.It Fl f Ns Ar name
-Sets the name of the ``from'' person
-(i.e., the sender of the mail).
-.Fl f
-can only be used
-by ``trusted'' users
-(normally
-.Em root ,
-.Em daemon ,
-and
-.Em network )
-or if the person you are trying to become
-is the same as the person you are.
-.It Fl h Ns Ar N
-Set the hop count to
-.Ar N .
-The hop count is incremented every time the mail is
-processed.
-When it reaches a limit,
-the mail is returned with an error message,
-the victim of an aliasing loop.
-If not specified,
-``Received:'' lines in the message are counted.
-.It Fl i
-Ignore dots alone on lines by themselves in incoming messages.
-This should be set if you are reading data from a file.
-.It Fl N Ar dsn
-Set delivery status notification conditions to
-.Ar dsn,
-which can be
-.Ql never
-for no notifications
-or a comma separated list of the values
-.Ql failure
-to be notified if delivery failed,
-.Ql delay
-to be notified if delivery is delayed, and
-.Ql success
-to be notified when the message is successfully delivered.
-.It Fl n
-Don't do aliasing.
-.It Fl O Ar option Ns = Ns Em value
-Set option
-.Ar option
-to the specified
-.Em value .
-This form uses long names.
-See below for more details.
-.It Fl o Ns Ar x Em value
-Set option
-.Ar x
-to the specified
-.Em value .
-This form uses single character names only.
-The short names are not described in this manual page;
-see the
-.%T "Sendmail Installation and Operation Guide"
-for details.
-.It Fl p Ns Ar protocol
-Set the name of the protocol used to receive the message.
-This can be a simple protocol name such as ``UUCP''
-or a protocol and hostname, such as ``UUCP:ucbvax''.
-.It Fl q Ns Bq Ar time
-Processed saved messages in the queue at given intervals.
-If
-.Ar time
-is omitted,
-process the queue once.
-.Xr Time
-is given as a tagged number,
-with
-.Ql s
-being seconds,
-.Ql m
-being minutes,
-.Ql h
-being hours,
-.Ql d
-being days,
-and
-.Ql w
-being weeks.
-For example,
-.Ql \-q1h30m
-or
-.Ql \-q90m
-would both set the timeout to one hour thirty minutes.
-If
-.Ar time
-is specified,
-.Nm sendmail
-will run in background.
-This option can be used safely with
-.Fl bd .
-.It Fl qI Ns Ar substr
-Limit processed jobs to those containing
-.Ar substr
-as a substring of the queue id.
-.It Fl qR Ns Ar substr
-Limit processed jobs to those containing
-.Ar substr
-as a substring of one of the recipients.
-.It Fl qS Ns Ar substr
-Limit processed jobs to those containing
-.Ar substr
-as a substring of the sender.
-.It Fl R Ar return
-Set the amount of the message to be returned
-if the message bounces.
-The
-.Ar return
-parameter can be
-.Ql full
-to return the entire message or
-.Ql hdrs
-to return only the headers.
-.It Fl r Ns Ar name
-An alternate and obsolete form of the
-.Fl f
-flag.
-.It Fl t
-Read message for recipients.
-To:, Cc:, and Bcc: lines will be scanned for recipient addresses.
-The Bcc: line will be deleted before transmission.
-.It Fl U
-Initial (user) submission.
-This should
-.Em always
-be set when called from a user agent such as
-.Nm Mail
-or
-.Nm exmh
-and
-.Em never
-be set when called by a network delivery agent such as
-.Nm rmail .
-.It Fl V Ar envid
-Set the original envelope id.
-This is propagated across SMTP to servers that support DSNs
-and is returned in DSN-compliant error messages.
-.It Fl v
-Go into verbose mode.
-Alias expansions will be announced, etc.
-.It Fl X Ar logfile
-Log all traffic in and out of mailers in the indicated log file.
-This should only be used as a last resort
-for debugging mailer bugs.
-It will log a lot of data very quickly.
-.It Fl -
-Stop processing command flags and use the rest of the arguments
-as addresses.
-.El
-.Ss Options
-There are also a number of processing options that may be set.
-Normally these will only be used by a system administrator.
-Options may be set either on the command line
-using the
-.Fl o
-flag (for short names),
-the
-.Fl O
-flag (for long names),
-or in the configuration file.
-This is a partial list limited to those options that are likely to be useful
-on the command line
-and only shows the long names;
-for a complete list (and details), consult the
-.%T "Sendmail Installation and Operation Guide" .
-The options are:
-.Bl -tag -width Fl
-.It Li AliasFile= Ns Ar file
-Use alternate alias file.
-.It Li HoldExpensive
-On mailers that are considered ``expensive'' to connect to,
-don't initiate immediate connection.
-This requires queueing.
-.It Li CheckpointInterval= Ns Ar N
-Checkpoint the queue file after every
-.Ar N
-successful deliveries (default 10).
-This avoids excessive duplicate deliveries
-when sending to long mailing lists
-interrupted by system crashes.
-.ne 1i
-.It Li DeliveryMode= Ns Ar x
-Set the delivery mode to
-.Ar x .
-Delivery modes are
-.Ql i
-for interactive (synchronous) delivery,
-.Ql b
-for background (asynchronous) delivery,
-.Ql q
-for queue only \- i.e.,
-actual delivery is done the next time the queue is run, and
-.Ql d
-for deferred \- the same as
-.Ql q
-except that database lookups (notably DNS and NIS lookups) are avoided.
-.It Li ErrorMode= Ns Ar x
-Set error processing to mode
-.Ar x .
-Valid modes are
-.Ql m
-to mail back the error message,
-.Ql w
-to ``write'' back the error message
-(or mail it back if the sender is not logged in),
-.Ql p
-to print the errors on the terminal
-(default),
-.Ql q
-to throw away error messages
-(only exit status is returned),
-and
-.Ql e
-to do special processing for the BerkNet.
-If the text of the message is not mailed back
-by
-modes
-.Ql m
-or
-.Ql w
-and if the sender is local to this machine,
-a copy of the message is appended to the file
-.Pa dead.letter
-in the sender's home directory.
-.It Li SaveFromLine
-Save
-.Tn UNIX Ns \-style
-From lines at the front of messages.
-.It Li MaxHopCount= Ar N
-The maximum number of times a message is allowed to ``hop''
-before we decide it is in a loop.
-.It Li IgnoreDots
-Do not take dots on a line by themselves
-as a message terminator.
-.It Li SendMimeErrors
-Send error messages in MIME format.
-If not set, the DSN (Delivery Status Notification) SMTP extension
-is disabled.
-.It Li ConnectionCacheTimeout= Ns Ar timeout
-Set connection cache timeout.
-.It Li ConnectionCacheSize= Ns Ar N
-Set connection cache size.
-.It Li LogLevel= Ns Ar n
-The log level.
-.It Li MeToo
-Send to ``me'' (the sender) also if I am in an alias expansion.
-.It Li CheckAliases
-Validate the right hand side of aliases during a
-.Xr newaliases 1
-command.
-.It Li OldStyleHeaders
-If set, this message may have
-old style headers.
-If not set,
-this message is guaranteed to have new style headers
-(i.e., commas instead of spaces between addresses).
-If set, an adaptive algorithm is used that will correctly
-determine the header format in most cases.
-.It Li QueueDirectory= Ns Ar queuedir
-Select the directory in which to queue messages.
-.It Li StatusFile= Ns Ar file
-Save statistics in the named file.
-.It Li Timeout.queuereturn= Ns Ar time
-Set the timeout on undelivered messages in the queue to the specified time.
-After delivery has failed
-(e.g., because of a host being down)
-for this amount of time,
-failed messages will be returned to the sender.
-The default is five days.
-.It Li UserDatabaseSpec= Ns Ar userdatabase
-If set, a user database is consulted to get forwarding information.
-You can consider this an adjunct to the aliasing mechanism,
-except that the database is intended to be distributed;
-aliases are local to a particular host.
-This may not be available if your sendmail does not have the
-.Dv USERDB
-option compiled in.
-.It Li ForkEachJob
-Fork each job during queue runs.
-May be convenient on memory-poor machines.
-.It Li SevenBitInput
-Strip incoming messages to seven bits.
-.It Li EightBitMode= Ns Ar mode
-Set the handling of eight bit input to seven bit destinations to
-.Ar mode :
-.Li m
-(mimefy) will convert to seven-bit MIME format,
-.Li p
-(pass) will pass it as eight bits (but violates protocols),
-and
-.Li s
-(strict) will bounce the message.
-.It Li MinQueueAge= Ns Ar timeout
-Sets how long a job must ferment in the queue between attempts to send it.
-.It Li DefaultCharSet= Ns Ar charset
-Sets the default character set used to label 8-bit data
-that is not otherwise labelled.
-.It Li DialDelay= Ns Ar sleeptime
-If opening a connection fails,
-sleep for
-.Ar sleeptime
-seconds and try again.
-Useful on dial-on-demand sites.
-.It Li NoRecipientAction= Ns Ar action
-Set the behaviour when there are no recipient headers (To:, Cc: or Bcc:)
-in the message to
-.Ar action :
-.Li none
-leaves the message unchanged,
-.Li add-to
-adds a To: header with the envelope recipients,
-.Li add-apparently-to
-adds an Apparently-To: header with the envelope recipients,
-.Li add-bcc
-adds an empty Bcc: header, and
-.Li add-to-undisclosed
-adds a header reading
-.Ql "To: undisclosed-recipients:;" .
-.It Li MaxDaemonChildren= Ns Ar N
-Sets the maximum number of children that an incoming SMTP daemon
-will allow to spawn at any time to
-.Ar N .
-.It Li ConnectionRateThrottle= Ns Ar N
-Sets the maximum number of connections per second to the SMTP port to
-.Ar N .
-.El
-.Pp
-In aliases,
-the first character of a name may be
-a vertical bar to cause interpretation of
-the rest of the name as a command
-to pipe the mail to.
-It may be necessary to quote the name
-to keep
-.Nm sendmail
-from suppressing the blanks from between arguments.
-For example, a common alias is:
-.Pp
-.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
-msgs: "|/usr/bin/msgs -s"
-.Ed
-.Pp
-Aliases may also have the syntax
-.Dq :include: Ns Ar filename
-to ask
-.Xr sendmail
-to read the named file for a list of recipients.
-For example, an alias such as:
-.Pp
-.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
-poets: ":include:/usr/local/lib/poets.list"
-.Ed
-.Pp
-would read
-.Pa /usr/local/lib/poets.list
-for the list of addresses making up the group.
-.Pp
-.Nm Sendmail
-returns an exit status
-describing what it did.
-The codes are defined in
-.Aq Pa sysexits.h :
-.Bl -tag -width EX_UNAVAILABLE -compact -offset indent
-.It Dv EX_OK
-Successful completion on all addresses.
-.It Dv EX_NOUSER
-User name not recognized.
-.It Dv EX_UNAVAILABLE
-Catchall meaning necessary resources
-were not available.
-.It Dv EX_SYNTAX
-Syntax error in address.
-.It Dv EX_SOFTWARE
-Internal software error,
-including bad arguments.
-.It Dv EX_OSERR
-Temporary operating system error,
-such as
-.Dq cannot fork .
-.It Dv EX_NOHOST
-Host name not recognized.
-.It Dv EX_TEMPFAIL
-Message could not be sent immediately,
-but was queued.
-.El
-.Pp
-If invoked as
-.Nm newaliases ,
-.Nm sendmail
-will rebuild the alias database.
-If invoked as
-.Nm mailq ,
-.Nm sendmail
-will print the contents of the mail queue.
-.Sh FILES
-Except for the file
-.Pa /etc/sendmail.cf
-itself and the daemon process ID file,
-the following pathnames are all specified in
-.Pa /etc/sendmail.cf.
-Thus,
-these values are only approximations.
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width /usr/lib/sendmail.fc -compact
-.It Pa /etc/aliases
-raw data for alias names
-.It Pa /etc/aliases.db
-data base of alias names
-.It Pa /etc/sendmail.cf
-configuration file
-.It Pa /etc/sendmail.hf
-help file
-.It Pa /var/log/sendmail.st
-collected statistics
-.It Pa /var/spool/mqueue/*
-temp files
-.El
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr binmail 1 ,
-.Xr mail 1 ,
-.Xr rmail 1 ,
-.Xr syslog 3 ,
-.Xr aliases 5 ,
-.Xr mailaddr 7 ,
-.Xr rc 8 ;
-.Pp
-DARPA
-Internet Request For Comments
-.%T RFC819 ,
-.%T RFC821 ,
-.%T RFC822 .
-.Rs
-.%T "Sendmail \- An Internetwork Mail Router"
-.%V SMM
-.%N \&No. 9
-.Re
-.Rs
-.%T "Sendmail Installation and Operation Guide"
-.%V SMM
-.%N \&No. 8
-.Re
-.Sh HISTORY
-The
-.Nm
-command appeared in
-.Bx 4.2 .